G-quadruplex structure at intron 2 of TFE3 and its role in Xp11.2 translocation and splicing.

PubMed

Verma, Shiv Prakash; Das, Parimal

2018-03-01

Transcription Factor E3 (TFE3) translocation is found in a group of different type of cancers and most of the translocations are located in the 5' region of TFE3 which may be considered as Breakpoint Region (BR). In our In silico study by QGRS mapper and non BdB web servers we found a Potential G-quadruplex forming Sequence (PQS) in the intron 2 of TFE3 gene. In vitro G-quadruplex formation was shown by native PAGE in presence of Pyridostatin(PDS), which with inter molecular secondary structure caused reduced mobility to migrate slower. G-quadruplex formation was mapped at single base resolution by Sanger sequencing and Circular Dichroism showed the formation of parallel G-quadruplex. FRET analysis revealed increased and decreased formation of G-quadruplex in presence of PDS and antisense oligonucleotide respectively. PCR stop assay, transcriptional and translational inhibition by PQS showed stable G-quadruplex formation affecting the biological processes. TFE3 minigene splicing study showed the involvement of this G-quadruplex in TFE3 splicing too. Therefore, G-quadruplex is evident to be the reason behind TFE3 induced oncogenesis executed by translocation and also involved in the mRNA splicing. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of balanced steady-state free precession (TrueFISP) and K-space segmented gradient echo sequences for 3D coronary MR angiography with navigator gating at 3 Tesla.

PubMed

Kaul, M G; Stork, A; Bansmann, P M; Nolte-Ernsting, C; Lund, G K; Weber, C; Adam, G

2004-11-01

To test the feasibility of k-space segmented gradient-echo pulse sequences for free-breathing coronary magnetic resonance angiography (cMRA) on a clinical 3T system. T2-prepared, fat-suppressed turbo field echo (TFE, turboFLASH, SFPGR) as well as balanced TFE (b-TFE, trueFISP, FIESTA, segmented SSFP) sequences with navigator gating for prospective motion correction were applied on a 3T system equipped with a six-element phased-array cardiac coil. In 15 healthy volunteers, the right coronary artery (RCA) was examined with TFE and b-TFE sequences. Due to examination time limitations, the left coronary artery (LM/LAD) was examined exclusively with the TFE sequence in ten volunteers. Image quality was graded on a five point scale (0 = not visualized to 4 = excellent). The length, diameter and sharpness of the vessels and the contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) were measured. 98 % of all major segments (proximal/middle/distal) of the RCA could be seen with the TFE sequence and 82 % with the b-TFE sequence. The image quality for the three segments was graded higher for the TFE sequence (2.7/2.7/1.5) than for the b-TFE sequence (1.9/1.6/0.9) with P: (< or = 0.001/< or = 0.004/< or = 0.056). The kappa of the interobserver variability was 0.75 for the TFE sequence and 0.8 for the b-TFE sequence. The measured vessel lengths were longer for the TFE sequence (95 +/- 22 mm) than for the b-TFE sequence (80 +/- 40 mm; P < or = 0.115). No significant changes (P < or = 0.074, P < or = 0.145) in diameter and vessel sharpness of the RCAs were observed between the TFE (2.4 +/- 0.3 mm, 60 % +/- 5) and b-TFE sequences (2.4 +/- 0.3 mm, 62 % +/- 6). The CNR was higher for the TFE sequence (10.1 +/- 3.4) than for the b-TFE sequence (6.6 +/- 2.1; P < or = 0.014). All ten main and proximal segments of the LM/LAD, which were examined exclusively with the TFE sequence, were visible with grade 2.5 and 2.1. The middle segment was visible in seven cases with grade 1.3. In three cases, the distal segment was visible with grade 0.5. The vessel length was 78 +/- 27 mm and the CNR 11.9 +/- 2.4. The conventional TFE technique has demonstrated good feasibility for cMRA at 3T. In its operational availability at 3T, the b-TFE sequence is inferior to the TFE sequence.

FTIR study of hydrogen bonding interaction between fluorinated alcohol and unsaturated esters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheng, Xia; Jiang, Xiaotong; Zhao, Hailiang; Wan, Dongjin; Liu, Yongde; Ngwenya, Cleopatra Ashley; Du, Lin

2018-06-01

The 1:1 complexes of two unsaturated esters with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) were investigated experimentally and computationally. The experimental observations of the spectral shifts of the OH-stretching vibrational transitions were obtained at 113 cm-1 for TFE-methyl acrylate (MA) and 92 cm-1 for TFE-vinyl acetate (VA). There are three docking sites in the two unsaturated esters for the incoming TFE. The predicted red shifts of the OH-stretching vibrational transitions were found to be larger for the Osbnd H⋯Odbnd C hydrogen bonded conformer than those for the Osbnd H⋯π and Osbnd H⋯O ones. The binding energies further prove that the Osbnd H⋯Odbnd C hydrogen bonded conformers are the most stable ones. On the basis of the DFT calculations as well as previous works, the carbonyl group is the best docking site for TFE. Furthermore, the thermodynamic equilibrium constants of TFE-MA and TFE-VA were obtained at 0.28 and 0.15 by combining the experimental spectra data and the DFT calculations. Consequently, the Gibbs free energies of formation were determined to be 3.2 and 4.8 kJ mol-1 for TFE-MA and TFE-VA, respectively. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (AIM) and generalized Kohn-Sham energy decomposition analysis (GKS-EDA) were carried out for further characterization of the hydrogen bonding interactions. GKS-EDA shows an "electrostatic" dominated hydrogen bonding character for the Osbnd H⋯Odbnd C hydrogen bonds.

PRCC-TFE3 dual-fusion FISH assay: A new method for identifying PRCC-TFE3 renal cell carcinoma in paraffin-embedded tissue

PubMed Central

Liu, Ning; Wang, Zhen; Miao, Baolei; Li, Dongmei; Guo, Hongqian

2017-01-01

PRCC-TFE3 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common types of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC), of which the diagnosis mainly relies on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or chromosomal analysis in fresh frozen samples. Herein, we developed a new dual-fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe to succinctly identify PRCC-TFE3 RCC in paraffin-embedded tissue. We immunohistochemically analyzed TFE3 and cathepsin K expression in 23 cases of Xp11.2 tRCC which had been confirmed by break-apart TFE3 FISH probe. Next, the dual-fusion FISH assay was performed on these selected cases. Twenty typical cases of clear renal cell carcinoma and 20 cases of papillary renal cell carcinoma were collected as control groups. Seven cases were finally confirmed as PRCC-TFE3 RCC by FISH detection, emerging dual-fusion signals, of which 2 cases were identified as PRCC-TFE3 RCC by RT-PCR previously. All remaining cases were negative for the PRCC-TFE3 rearrangement by FISH. The TFE3 immunohistochemistry was positive in 22/23 cases and the cathepsin K was positive in 16/23 cases. All 7 PRCC-TFE3 RCCs showed positive cathepsin K immunoreactivity. Our results reveal that PRCC-TFE3 dual-fusion FISH probe is an efficient and concise technique for diagnosing PRCC-TFE3 RCC in paraffin-embedded tissue. PMID:28949976

Immobilization of proteins on glow discharge treated polymers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kiaei, D.; Safranj, A.; Chen, J. P.; Johnston, A. B.; Zavala, F.; Deelder, A.; Castelino, J. B.; Markovic, V.; Hoffman, A. S.

Certain glow discharge-treated surfaces have been shown to enhance retention of adsorbed proteins. On the basis of this phenomenon, we have investigated the possibility of immobilizing (a) albumin for developing thromboresistant and non-fouling surfaces, (b) antibodies for immuno-diagnostic assays and (c) enzymes for various biosensors and industrial bioprocesses. Albumin retention was highest on surfaces treated with tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) compared to untreated surfaces or other glow discharge treatments studied. Preadsorption of albumin on TFE-treated surfaces resulted in low fibrinogen adsorption and platelet adhesion. IgG retention was also highest on TFE-treated surfaces. The lower detection limits of both malaria antigen and circulating anodic antigen of the schistosomiasis worm were enhanced following glow discharge treatment of the assay plates with TFE. Both TFE and tetrachloroethylene (TCE) glow discharge treated surfaces showed high retention of adsorbed horseradish peroxidase (HRP). However, the retained specific activity of HRP after adsorption on TCE-treated surfaces was remarkably higher than on TFE-treated surfaces.

Can 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol be an efficient protein denaturant than methanol and ethanol under thermal stress?

PubMed

Mohanta, Dayanidhi; Jana, Madhurima

2018-04-18

Monohydric alcohols, such as methanol (MEH), ethanol (ETH) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), have significant effects on biological processes including the protein folding-unfolding phenomenon. Among the several monohydric alcohols, TFE, a fluorine-substituted alcohol, is known to induce a helical structure in proteins. In this work, we report the heterogeneous unfolding phenomenon of a small protein Chymotrypsin Inhibitor 2 in various concentrations of methanol, ethanol and TFE solutions by performing atomistic molecular dynamics simulation studies. Our study reveals that the unfolding phenomenon of CI2 under thermal stress majorly depends on the concentration and the nature of the alcohol. The presence of alcohols in general has been noted to accelerate the unfolding process compared to pure water and TFE, among them all, has been found to speed up the unfolding time scale at low concentrations. The molecular contact frequency between protein and alcohol follows the trend, MEH < ETH < TFE at low concentrations, whereas the trend becomes MEH ∼ ETH > TFE at more concentrated solutions. The differential water-mediated and self-clustering phenomena of alcohols, diverse protein-alcohol hydrogen bond strengths and the concentration dependent restricted inhomogeneous protein-water as well as protein-alcohol hydrogen bond dynamics suggest that TFE, a well known α-helix stabilizer, could be a good competitor among its class of denaturants.

Establishment of an ASPL-TFE3 renal cell carcinoma cell line (S-TFE).

PubMed

Hirobe, Megumi; Masumori, Naoya; Tanaka, Toshiaki; Kitamura, Hiroshi; Tsukamoto, Taiji

2013-06-01

Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma is a rare disease diagnosed in children and adolescents in the advanced stage with an aggressive clinical course. Various gene fusions including the transcription factor E3 (TFE3) gene located on chromosome X cause the tumor. We established an Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma cell line from a renal tumor in a 18-y-old Japanese female and named it "S-TFE." The cell line and its xenograft demonstrated definite gene fusion including TFE3. They showed strong nuclear staining for TFE3 in immunohistochemistry, TFE3 gene rearrangement in dual-color, break-apart FISH analysis and ASPL-TFE3 type 1 fusion transcripts detected by RT-PCR and direct DNA sequencing. Although many renal cell carcinoma cell lines have been established and investigated, only a few cell lines are recognized as Xp11.2 translocation carcinoma. S-TFE will be useful to examine the characteristics and drug susceptibility of Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma.

Establishment of an ASPL-TFE3 renal cell carcinoma cell line (S-TFE)

PubMed Central

Hirobe, Megumi; Masumori, Naoya; Tanaka, Toshiaki; Kitamura, Hiroshi; Tsukamoto, Taiji

2013-01-01

Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma is a rare disease diagnosed in children and adolescents in the advanced stage with an aggressive clinical course. Various gene fusions including the transcription factor E3 (TFE3) gene located on chromosome X cause the tumor. We established an Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma cell line from a renal tumor in a 18-y-old Japanese female and named it “S-TFE.” The cell line and its xenograft demonstrated definite gene fusion including TFE3. They showed strong nuclear staining for TFE3 in immunohistochemistry, TFE3 gene rearrangement in dual-color, break-apart FISH analysis and ASPL-TFE3 type 1 fusion transcripts detected by RT-PCR and direct DNA sequencing. Although many renal cell carcinoma cell lines have been established and investigated, only a few cell lines are recognized as Xp11.2 translocation carcinoma. S-TFE will be useful to examine the characteristics and drug susceptibility of Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma. PMID:23760492

SFPQ/PSF-TFE3 renal cell carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study emphasizing extended morphology and reviewing the differences between SFPQ-TFE3 RCC and the corresponding mesenchymal neoplasm despite an identical gene fusion.

PubMed

Wang, Xiao-Tong; Xia, Qiu-Yuan; Ni, Hao; Ye, Sheng-Bing; Li, Rui; Wang, Xuan; Shi, Shan-Shan; Zhou, Xiao-Jun; Rao, Qiu

2017-05-01

Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with SFPQ/PSF-TFE3 gene fusion is a rare epithelial tumor. Of note, the appearance of the gene fusion does not necessarily mean that it is renal cell carcinoma. The corresponding mesenchymal neoplasms, including Xp11 neoplasm with melanocytic differentiation, TFE3 rearrangement-associated perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) and melanotic Xp11 translocation renal cancer, can also harbor the identical gene fusion. However, the differences between Xp11 translocation RCC and the corresponding mesenchymal neoplasm have only recently been described. Herein, we examined 5 additional cases of SFPQ-TFE3 RCCs using clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses. One tumor had the typical morphologic features of SFPQ-TFE3 RCC, whereas other 3 cases demonstrated the unusual morphologic features associated with pseudorosettes formation or clusters of smaller cells, mimicking TFEB RCC. The remaining one showed branching tubules and papillary structure composed of clear and eosinophilic tumor cells. Immunohistochemically, all 5 cases demonstrated moderate (2+) or strong (3+) positive staining for TFE3, PAX-8 and CD10, whereas no cases demonstrated TFEB, Cathepsin K, CA-IX, CK7, Melan-A, or HMB-45 expression. Genetically, the fusion transcripts were identified in 3 cases by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). On the basis of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, all the cases were detected with SFPQ-TFE3 gene fusion. Clinical follow-up data were available for all the patients, and no one developed tumor recurrence, progression, or metastasis. We also review the differences between SFPQ-TFE3 RCC and the corresponding mesenchymal neoplasm despite the identical gene fusion. The presence of pseudorosettes also expands the known histological features of SFPQ-TFE3 RCC. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Renal cell carcinoma associated with transcription factor E3 expression and Xp11.2 translocation: incidence, characteristics, and prognosis.

PubMed

Klatte, Tobias; Streubel, Berthold; Wrba, Friedrich; Remzi, Mesut; Krammer, Barbara; de Martino, Michela; Waldert, Matthias; Marberger, Michael; Susani, Martin; Haitel, Andrea

2012-05-01

We studied the characteristics and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with Xp11.2 translocation and transcription factor E3 (TFE3) expression and determined the need for genetic analysis in routine diagnostics. Of 848 consecutive cases, 75 showed microscopic features suggestive of Xp11.2 translocation RCC or occurred in patients 40 years or younger. Of these cases, 17 (23%) showed strong nuclear TFE3 immunostaining, which was associated with more advanced tumors and inverse prognosis in univariate (P = .032) but not multivariate (P = .404) analysis. With fluorescence in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction, only 2 cases showed alterations of the X chromosome and the ASPL-TFE3 gene fusion, respectively. In our laboratory, the predictive value of TFE3 expression for the Xp11.2 translocation was 12%. Strong nuclear TFE3 expression is associated with metastatic spread and a poor prognosis. In our laboratory, TFE3 is not diagnostic for Xp11.2 translocation RCC. Diagnosis of Xp11.2 translocation RCC may be made only genetically.

Study of Bird Ingestions into Small Inlet Area Aircraft Turbine Engines

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-12-01

engines (ALF502, TFE731 , TPE331, and JTI5D) included in the study. This includes 24 months of operations for the first three engines and 12 months of...through the National Teclical Bird Ingestion- TFE731 Information Service, Springfield, 4 Tuibine Engine,’ TPt331 Virginia 22161 Turbofan Engine...ALF502 Engine 7 2.2 Operations, TFE731 Engine 8 2.3 Operations, TPE331 Engine 9 3.1 Distribution of Bird Weights 13 3.2 Aircraft Ingestions by Month

Adult-onset renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusion with smooth muscle stroma and abnormal vessels.

PubMed

Kuroda, Naoto; Tamura, Masato; Tanaka, Yukichi; Hes, Ondrej; Michal, Michal; Inoue, Kaori; Ohara, Masahiko; Mizuno, Keiko; Lee, Gang-Hong

2009-07-01

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion has been recently identified. Herein is presented a case of RCC with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions with unusual histological findings. A 68-year-old Japanese woman was incidentally found to have a renal mass on CT. Histological examination showed clear cell neoplasm with alveolar and papillary growth patterns. The nuclear atypia corresponded to Fuhrman grade 3. Additionally, smooth muscle stroma was observed and abnormal vessels showing a heterogeniety in thickness were also identified. On immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells were diffusely positive for transcription factor E3 (TFE3) and Melan A, and focally positive for CD10 and RCC marker. The smooth muscle stroma was positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and h-caldesmon, but reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of the tumor using frozen material could not detect any previously reported chimeric transcripts including ASPL-TFE3, PRCC-TFE3, CLTC-TFE3, PSF-TFE3 or NoNo-TFE3. G-band karyotype was unsuccessful. Pathologists should pay attention to the afore-described unusual stromal reaction of adult-onset RCC associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions.

Reduced-temperature crystallization of thin amorphous Fe80B20 films studied via empirical modeling of extended x-ray absorption fine structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harris, V. G.; Oliver, S. A.; Ayers, J. D.; Das, B. N.; Koon, N. C.

1996-04-01

The evolution of the local atomic environment around Fe atoms in very thin (15 nm), amorphous, partially crystallized and fully crystallized films of Fe80B20 was studied using extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. The relative atomic fraction of each crystalline phase present in the annealed samples was extracted from the Fe EXAFS data by a least-squares fitting procedure, using data collected from t-Fe3B, t-Fe2B, and α-Fe standards. The type and relative fraction of the crystallization products follows the trends previously measured in Fe80B20 melt-spun ribbons, except for the fact that crystallization temperatures are ≊200 K lower than those measured in bulk equivalents. This greatly reduced crystallization temperature may arise from the dominant role of surface nucleation sites in the crystallization of very thin amorphous films.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gupta, Preeti; Deep, Shashank, E-mail: sdeep@chemistry.iitd.ac.in

Highlights: • HCAII forms amyloid-like aggregates at moderate concentration of trifluoroethanol. • Protein adopts a state between β-sheet and α-helix at moderate % of TFE. • Hydrophobic surface(s) of partially structured conformation forms amyloid. • High % of TFE induces stable α-helical state preventing aggregation. - Abstract: In the present work, we examined the correlation between 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE)-induced conformational transitions of human carbonic anhydrase II (HCAII) and its aggregation propensity. Circular dichroism data indicates that protein undergoes a transition from β-sheet to α-helix on addition of TFE. The protein was found to aggregate maximally at moderate concentration of TFE atmore » which it exists somewhere between β-sheet and α-helix, probably in extended non-native β-sheet conformation. Thioflavin-T (ThT) and Congo-Red (CR) assays along with fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data suggest that the protein aggregates induced by TFE possess amyloid-like features. Anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) binding studies reveal that the exposure of hydrophobic surface(s) was maximum in intermediate conformation. Our study suggests that the exposed hydrophobic surface and/or the disruption of the structural features protecting a β-sheet protein might be the major reason(s) for the high aggregation propensity of non-native intermediate conformation of HCAII.« less

Hydrogen bond docking site competition in methyl esters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Hailiang; Tang, Shanshan; Du, Lin

2017-06-01

The Osbnd H ⋯ O hydrogen bonds in the 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE)-methyl ester complexes in the gas phase have been investigated by FTIR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Methyl formate (MF), methyl acetate (MA), and methyl trifluoroacetate (MTFA) were chosen as the hydrogen bond acceptors. A dominant inter-molecular hydrogen bond was formed between the OH group of TFE and different docking sites in the methyl esters (carbonyl oxygen or ester oxygen). The competition of the two docking sites decides the structure and spectral properties of the complexes. On the basis of the observed red shifts of the OH-stretching transition with respect to the TFE monomer, the order of the hydrogen bond strength can be sorted as TFE-MA (119 cm- 1) > TFE-MF (93 cm- 1) > TFE-MTFA (44 cm- 1). Combining the experimental infrared spectra with the DFT calculations, the Gibbs free energies of formation were determined to be 1.5, 4.5 and 8.6 kJ mol- 1 for TFE-MA, TFE-MF and TFE-MTFA, respectively. The hydrogen bonding in the MTFA complex is much weaker than those of the TFE-MA and TFE-MF complexes due to the effect of the CF3 substitution on MTFA, while the replacement of an H atom with a CH3 group in methyl ester only slightly increases the hydrogen bond strength. Topological analysis and localized molecular orbital energy decomposition analysis was also applied to compare the interactions in the complexes.

TFE3 break-apart FISH has a higher sensitivity for Xp11.2 translocation-associated renal cell carcinoma compared with TFE3 or cathepsin K immunohistochemical staining alone: expanding the morphologic spectrum.

PubMed

Rao, Qiu; Williamson, Sean R; Zhang, Shaobo; Eble, John N; Grignon, David J; Wang, Mingsheng; Zhou, Xiao-Jun; Huang, Wenbin; Tan, Puay-Hoon; Maclennan, Gregory T; Cheng, Liang

2013-06-01

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with Xp11.2 translocation is uncommon, characterized by several different translocations involving the TFE3 gene. We assessed the utility of break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in establishing the diagnosis for suspected or unclassified cases with negative or equivocal TFE3 immunostaining by analyzing 24 renal cancers with break-apart TFE3 FISH and comparing the molecular findings with the results of TFE3 and cathepsin K immunostaining in the same tumors. Ten tumors were originally diagnosed as Xp11.2 RCC on the basis of positive TFE3 immunostaining, and 14 were originally considered unclassified RCCs with negative or equivocal TFE3 staining, but with a range of features suspicious for Xp11.2 RCC. Seventeen cases showed TFE3 rearrangement associated with Xp11.2 translocation by FISH, including all 13 tumors with moderate or strong TFE3 (n=10) or cathepsin K (n=7) immunoreactivity. FISH-positive cases showed negative or equivocal immunoreactivity for TFE3 or cathepsin K in 7 and 10 tumors, respectively (both=3). None had positive immunohistochemistry but negative FISH. Morphologic features were typical for Xp11.2 RCC in 10/17 tumors. Unusual features included 1 melanotic Xp11.2 renal cancer, 1 tumor with mixed features of Xp11.2 RCC and clear cell RCC, and other tumors mimicking clear cell RCC, multilocular cystic RCC, or high-grade urothelial carcinoma. Morphology mimicking high-grade urothelial carcinoma has not been previously reported in these tumors. Psammoma bodies, hyalinized stroma, and intracellular pigment were preferentially identified in FISH-positive cases compared with FISH-negative cases. Our results support the clinical application of a TFE3 break-apart FISH assay for diagnosis and confirmation of Xp11.2 RCC and further expand the histopathologic spectrum of these neoplasms to include tumors with unusual features. A renal tumor with pathologic or clinical features highly suggestive of translocation-associated RCC but exhibiting negative or equivocal TFE3 immunostaining should be evaluated by TFE3 FISH assay to fully assess this possibility.

Molecular characterization of epithelioid haemangioendotheliomas identifies novel WWTR1-CAMTA1 fusion variants.

PubMed

Patel, Nimesh R; Salim, Alaa A; Sayeed, Hadi; Sarabia, Stephen F; Hollingsworth, Faith; Warren, Mikako; Jakacky, Jared; Tanas, Munir; Oliveira, Andre M; Rubin, Brian P; Lazar, Alexander J; López-Terrada, Dolores; Wang, Wei-Lien

2015-11-01

Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a malignant vascular neoplasm. Subsets have been characterized previously by translocations resulting in either WWTR1-CAMTA1 or YAP1-TFE3 fusion. We sought to develop molecular and immunohistochemical (IHC) assays to aid in the diagnosis and characterization of EHE. Fifty-two formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cases diagnosed between 2002 and 2014 were retrieved from the pathology files of our institutions. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were optimized to detect WWTR1-CAMTA1 and YAP1-TFE3 fusion transcripts in FFPE tissue and transcription factor E3 (TFE3) protein accumulation was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RNA was extracted from 33 adequate samples, with more recent cases providing a greater yield of high quality RNA. Fourteen of 18 informative cases were positive for WWTR1-CAMTA1 fusion transcripts, four of which showed higher-grade cytological features termed by some as 'malignant EHE'. Novel in-frame fusion transcripts were identified in four cases by direct sequencing. IHC revealed variable nuclear TFE3 staining in six of 17 cases; three with patchy staining showed WWTR1-CAMTA1 fusion. One of 18 informative cases was positive for YAP1-TFE3 fusion and showed strong nuclear TFE3 staining by IHC. This study confirms the high incidence of WWTR1-CAMTA1 and YAP1-TFE3 rearrangements in EHE and indicates that the staining pattern for TFE3 IHC is critical for specificity. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Diffusely Reflecting Paints Containing TFE

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shai, M. C.; Schutt, J. B.

1985-01-01

Highly reflective, diffused coatings developed by incorporating polytetrafluoroethylene (TFE) pigment with alcohol-soluble binders. Alcohol and binder mixed together in blender before adding TFE. TFE preferably outgassed in mechanical-pump vacuum for typical interval of 4 hours before adding to liquid. Like wetting agent, vacuum treatment helps to prevent clumping of TFE and eases dispersion throughout mixture. Mixture blended for 3 to 5 minutes before used. Coatings useful on reflectance-standard surfaces for calibrating radiometric instruments in both laboratory and field. Paints washable and usable as optical reference surfaces.

Analyses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and chiral-PAH analogues-methyl-β-cyclodextrin guest-host inclusion complexes by fluorescence spectrophotometry and multivariate regression analysis.

PubMed

Greene, LaVana; Elzey, Brianda; Franklin, Mariah; Fakayode, Sayo O

2017-03-05

The negative health impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and differences in pharmacological activity of enantiomers of chiral molecules in humans highlights the need for analysis of PAHs and their chiral analogue molecules in humans. Herein, the first use of cyclodextrin guest-host inclusion complexation, fluorescence spectrophotometry, and chemometric approach to PAH (anthracene) and chiral-PAH analogue derivatives (1-(9-anthryl)-2,2,2-triflouroethanol (TFE)) analyses are reported. The binding constants (K b ), stoichiometry (n), and thermodynamic properties (Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS)) of anthracene and enantiomers of TFE-methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Me-β-CD) guest-host complexes were also determined. Chemometric partial-least-square (PLS) regression analysis of emission spectra data of Me-β-CD-guest-host inclusion complexes was used for the determination of anthracene and TFE enantiomer concentrations in Me-β-CD-guest-host inclusion complex samples. The values of calculated K b and negative ΔG suggest the thermodynamic favorability of anthracene-Me-β-CD and enantiomeric of TFE-Me-β-CD inclusion complexation reactions. However, anthracene-Me-β-CD and enantiomer TFE-Me-β-CD inclusion complexations showed notable differences in the binding affinity behaviors and thermodynamic properties. The PLS regression analysis resulted in square-correlation-coefficients of 0.997530 or better and a low LOD of 3.81×10 -7 M for anthracene and 3.48×10 -8 M for TFE enantiomers at physiological conditions. Most importantly, PLS regression accurately determined the anthracene and TFE enantiomer concentrations with an average low error of 2.31% for anthracene, 4.44% for R-TFE and 3.60% for S-TFE. The results of the study are highly significant because of its high sensitivity and accuracy for analysis of PAH and chiral PAH analogue derivatives without the need of an expensive chiral column, enantiomeric resolution, or use of a polarized light. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Study of Noise-Certification Standards for Aircraft Engines. Volume 1. Noise-Control Technology for Turbofan Engines.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-01

28 2. TFE731 from Garrett Turbine Engine Company .... ............ 29 3. NASA QCGAT (Quiet, Clean General-Aviation Turbofan...engines, with as much as 3.67 for the Garrett TFE731 engine. Increasing the axial spacing between rotor and stator stages reduces turbo- machinery...envelope. Except for the TFE731 , none of the engines for business/executive jets had absorp- tive duct linings within the engine envelope. Because the

A biophysical insight into the formation of aggregates upon trifluoroethanol induced structural and conformational changes in garlic cystatin.

PubMed

Siddiqui, Mohd Faizan; Bano, Bilqees

2018-06-06

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors are responsible for the transition of soluble proteins into aggregated form. Trifluoroethanol is among such potent extrinsic factor which facilitates the formation of aggregated structure. It disrupts the interactive forces and destabilizes the native structure of the protein. The present study investigates the effect of trifluoroethanol (TFE) on garlic cystatin. Garlic cystatin was incubated with increasing concentration of TFE (0-90% v/v) for 4 h. Incubation of GPC with TFE induces structural changes thereby resulting in the formation of aggregates. Inactivation of garlic phytocystatin was confirmed by cysteine proteinase inhibitory activity. Garlic cystatin at 30% TFE exhibits native-like secondary structure and high ANS fluorescence, thus suggesting the presence of molten globule state. Circular dichroism and FTIR confirmed the transition of the native alpha-helical structure of garlic cystatin to the beta-sheet structure at 60% TFE. Furthermore, increased ThT fluorescence and redshift in Congo red absorbance assay confirmed the presence of aggregates. Rayleigh and turbidity assay was also performed to validate the aggregation results. Scanning electron microscopy was followed to analyze the morphological changes which confirm the presence of sheath-like structure at 60% TFE. The study sheds light on the conformational behavior of a plant protein when kept under stress condition induced by an extrinsic factor. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Diagnosis of adults Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma by immunohistochemistry and FISH assays: clinicopathological data from ethnic Chinese population

PubMed Central

Qu, Yuanyuan; Gu, Chengyuan; Wang, Hongkai; Chang, Kun; Yang, Xiaoqun; Zhou, Xiaoyan; Dai, Bo; Zhu, Yao; Shi, Guohai; Zhang, Hailiang; Ye, Dingwei

2016-01-01

This study aimed to assess the utility of transcription factor E3 (TFE3) break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay in diagnosis of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (Xp11.2 RCC) and to compare the clinicopathological features between adult Xp11.2 RCC and non-Xp11.2 RCC. 76 pathologically suspected Xp11.2 RCCs were recruited from our institution. Both TFE3 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and TFE3 FISH assay were performed for the entire cohort. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. FISH analysis confirmed 30 Xp11.2 RCCs, including 28 cases with positive TFE3 immunostaining and 2 cases with negative immunostaining. The false-positive and false-negative rates were 6.7% (2/30) and 4.3% (2/46), respectively, for TFE3 IHC compared with FISH assay. Xp11.2 RCC was significantly associated with higher pathological stage and Fuhrman nuclear grade compared with non-Xp11.2 RCC (P < 0.05). The median PFS and OS for TFE3 FISH-positive group were 13.0 months (95% CI, 8.4–17.6 months) and 50.0 months (95% CI, 27.6–72.4 months), respectively, while the median PFS and OS had not been reached for TFE3 FISH-negative group. In conclusion, TFE3 break-apart FISH assay is a highly useful and standard diagnostic method for Xp11.2 RCC. Adult Xp11.2 RCC is clinically aggressive and often presents at advanced stage with poor prognosis. PMID:26880493

Diagnosis of adults Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma by immunohistochemistry and FISH assays: clinicopathological data from ethnic Chinese population.

PubMed

Qu, Yuanyuan; Gu, Chengyuan; Wang, Hongkai; Chang, Kun; Yang, Xiaoqun; Zhou, Xiaoyan; Dai, Bo; Zhu, Yao; Shi, Guohai; Zhang, Hailiang; Ye, Dingwei

2016-02-16

This study aimed to assess the utility of transcription factor E3 (TFE3) break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay in diagnosis of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (Xp11.2 RCC) and to compare the clinicopathological features between adult Xp11.2 RCC and non-Xp11.2 RCC. 76 pathologically suspected Xp11.2 RCCs were recruited from our institution. Both TFE3 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and TFE3 FISH assay were performed for the entire cohort. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. FISH analysis confirmed 30 Xp11.2 RCCs, including 28 cases with positive TFE3 immunostaining and 2 cases with negative immunostaining. The false-positive and false-negative rates were 6.7% (2/30) and 4.3% (2/46), respectively, for TFE3 IHC compared with FISH assay. Xp11.2 RCC was significantly associated with higher pathological stage and Fuhrman nuclear grade compared with non-Xp11.2 RCC (P < 0.05). The median PFS and OS for TFE3 FISH-positive group were 13.0 months (95% CI, 8.4-17.6 months) and 50.0 months (95% CI, 27.6-72.4 months), respectively, while the median PFS and OS had not been reached for TFE3 FISH-negative group. In conclusion, TFE3 break-apart FISH assay is a highly useful and standard diagnostic method for Xp11.2 RCC. Adult Xp11.2 RCC is clinically aggressive and often presents at advanced stage with poor prognosis.

[Renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions: a study of 11 cases and review of literature].

PubMed

Rao, Qiu; Zhou, Xiao-jun; Wu, Bo; Ma, Heng-hui; Zhou, Hang-bo; Liu, Xiao-hong; Chen, Jie-yu

2007-04-01

To study the clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions. The histopathologic findings and immunophenotype of 11 cases of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions were studied. Follow-up data (ranged from 10 to 112 months) were also analyzed. There were a total of 7 females and 4 males. The age of patients ranged from 8 to 26 years (mean = 16.3 years). The diameter of the tumors varied from 2.5 to 6.0 cm. Histologically, two morphologic patterns were seen. The first pattern consisted of alveolar, papillary or nested architecture. The tumor cells contained voluminous, clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm, distinct cell borders, vesicular chromatin, and prominent nucleoli. Psammoma bodies were frequently found and could be abundant. In contrast, the second pattern was composed of nested and compact architecture. The tumor cells possessed less abundant cytoplasm and inconspicuous nucleoli. Few psammoma bodies were detected. Immunohistochemical study showed that all cases strongly expressed TFE3, CD10 and P504s. Variable positivity for pan-cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin was also noted. None of them expressed CK7, Ksp-cadherin and CD117. Renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions is a newly described but rarely encountered subtype of renal cell carcinoma. Pathologic diagnosis can be established when taken age of the patients, histopathologic findings and immunoreactivity for TFE3 protein into consideration.

Characterization of Intermolecular Interactions at Play in the 2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANOL Trimers Using Cavity and Chirped-Pulse Microwave Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seifert, Nathan A.; Thomas, Javix; Jäger, Wolfgang; Xu, Yunjie

2017-06-01

2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) is a common aqueous co-solvent in biological chemistry which may induce or destabilize secondary structures of proteins and polypeptides, thanks to its diverse intermolecular linkages originating from the hydrogen bonding potential of both the hydroxyl and perfluoro groups. Theoretically, the TFE monomer is predicted to have two stable gauche (gauche^{+}/gauche^{-}) conformations whereas the trans form is unstable or is supported only by a very shallow potential. Only the gauche conformers have been identified in the gas phase, whereas liquid phase studies suggest a trans:gauche ratio of 2:3. The question at which sample (cluster) size the trans form of TFE would appear was one major motivation for our study. Here, we report the detection of three trimers of TFE using Balle-Flygare cavity and chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy (CP-FTMW) techniques. The most stable observed trimer features one trans- and two gauche-TFE subunits. The other two trimers, observed using a newly constructed 2-6 GHz CP-FTMW spectrometer, consist of only the two gauche conformers of TFE. Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and non-covalent interactions (NCI) analyses give detailed insights into which intermolecular interactions are at play to stabilize the trans form of TFE in the most stable trimer. M. Buck, Q. Rev. Biophys. 1998, 31, 297-335. I. Bakó, T. Radnai, M. Claire, B. Funel, J. Chem. Phys. 2004, 121, 12472-12480. R. F. W. Bader, Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 893-928. E. R. Johnson, S. Keinan, P. Mori-Sánchez, J. Contreras-Garcia, A. J. Cohen, W. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132, 6498-6506.

Melanotic PEComa of the Sinonasal Mucosa With NONO-TFE3 Fusion: An Elusive Mimic of Sinonasal Melanoma.

PubMed

McGregor, Stephanie M; Alikhan, Mir B; John, Rahel A; Kotler, Howard; Bridge, Julia A; Mujacic, Ibro; Kadri, Sabah; Segal, Jeremy; Krausz, Thomas

2017-05-01

Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComas) are a family of mesenchymal tumors with features of both smooth muscle and melanocytic differentiation, with or without true melanin pigment. The highly variable morphology of PEComas results in a broad differential diagnosis that is also dependent on anatomic site. A subset demonstrates rearrangements involving the TFE3 (Xp11) locus, which can be used in diagnostically difficult cases. Here we describe a case of a melanotic PEComa with NONO-TFE3 fusion occurring in the sinonasal mucosa, as demonstrated by both next-generation sequencing and molecular cytogenetic studies. This case is the first of its kind in the literature and only the second documented PEComa harboring a NONO-TFE3 rearrangement. In light of unequivocal molecular ancillary studies, this case illustrates that PEComa must enter the differential for pigmented lesions of the sinonasal mucosa, where malignant melanoma would be much more likely to occur.

A case of PSF-TFE3 gene fusion in Xp11.2 renal cell carcinoma with melanotic features.

PubMed

Zhan, He-Qin; Chen, Hong; Wang, Chao-Fu; Zhu, Xiong-Zeng

2015-03-01

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (Xp11.2 RCC) with PSF-TFE3 gene fusion is a rare neoplasm. Only 22 cases of Xp11.2 RCCs with PSF-TFE3 have been reported to date. We describe an additional case of Xp11.2 RCC with PSF-TFE3 showing melanotic features. Microscopically, the histologic features mimic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. However, the dark-brown pigments were identified and could be demonstrated as melanins. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were widely positive for CD10, human melanoma black 45, and TFE3 but negative for cytokeratins, vimentin, Melan-A, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, smooth muscle actin, and S-100 protein. Genetically, we demonstrated PSF-TFE3 fusion between exon 9 of PSF and exon 5 of TFE3. The patient was free of disease with 50 months of follow-up. The prognosis of this type of tumor requires more cases because of limited number of cases and follow-up period. Xp11.2 RCC with PSF-TFE3 inevitably requires differentiation from other kidney neoplasms. Immunohistochemical and molecular genetic analyses are essential for accurate diagnosis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Embryonic expression of zebrafish MiT family genes tfe3b, tfeb, and tfec.

PubMed

Lister, James A; Lane, Brandon M; Nguyen, Anhthu; Lunney, Katherine

2011-11-01

The MiT family comprises four genes in mammals: Mitf, Tfe3, Tfeb, and Tfec, which encode transcription factors of the basic-helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper class. Mitf is well-known for its essential role in the development of melanocytes, however the functions of the other members of this family, and of interactions between them, are less well understood. We have now characterized the complete set of MiT genes from zebrafish, which totals six instead of four. The zebrafish genome contain two mitf (mitfa and mitfb), two tfe3 (tfe3a and tfe3b), and single tfeb and tfec genes; this distribution is shared with other teleosts. We present here the sequence and embryonic expression patterns for the zebrafish tfe3b, tfeb, and tfec genes, and identify a new isoform of tfe3a. These findings will assist in elucidating the roles of the MiT gene family over the course of vertebrate evolution. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Poly(vinylidene difluoride)/poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-vinylpyrrolidone) blend membranes with antifouling properties.

PubMed

Sun, Yuchen; Rajabzadeh, Saeid; Fang, Lifeng; Jeon, Sungil; Zhou, Zhuang; Ohmukai, Yoshikage; Miki, Jun; Wang, Xiaolin; Matsuyama, Hideto

2017-06-01

To inhibit fouling phenomenon in membrane process, a new amphiphilic copolymer, poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-vinylpyrrolidone) (P(TFE-VP)), was blended with poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) to fabricate a series of antifouling membranes via non solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. The effect of copolymer blend ratios and TFE/VP ratios on membrane properties were evaluated, and the stability of P(TFE-VP) in PVDF membrane was studied. The membrane morphology was controlled by adjusting polymer concentration in dope solution, such that all membranes have similar pore size and density, as well as pure water permeability. In evaluating the effect of TFE/VP ratios, the content of VP in dope solutions was also adjusted to allow a fair comparison. We found that for P(TFE-VP) with a higher VP content, adsorption of BSA on polymer film was negligible. Higher blend ratios of this copolymer resulted in higher surface VP content and better hydrophilicity, but antifouling performance ceased to improve when blend ratio was larger than 1:9 (copolymer:PVDF). Meanwhile, a lower VP content in copolymer resulted in inferior hydrophilicity and severe fouling of the blend membranes. It was also proved that comparing with PVP homopolymer, P(TFE-VP) had satisfying stability inside PVDF membrane. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Exposure assessment of tetrafluoroethylene and ammonium perfluorooctanoate 1951-2002.

PubMed

Sleeuwenhoek, Anne; Cherrie, John W

2012-03-01

To develop a method to reconstruct exposure to tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) in plants producing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the absence of suitable objective measurements. These data were used to inform an epidemiological study being carried out to investigate possible risks in workers employed in the manufacture of PTFE and to study trends in exposure over time. For each plant, detailed descriptions of all occupational titles, including tasks and changes over time, were obtained during semi-structured interviews with key plant personnel. A semi-quantitative assessment method was used to assess inhalation exposure to TFE and inhalation plus dermal exposure to APFO. Temporal trends in exposure to TFE and APFO were investigated. In each plant the highest exposures for both TFE and APFO occurred in the polymerisation area. Due to the introduction of control measures, increasing process automation and other improvements, exposures generally decreased over time. In the polymerisation area, the annual decline in exposure to TFE varied by plant from 3.8 to 5.7% and for APFO from 2.2 to 5.5%. A simple method for assessing exposure was developed which used detailed process information and job descriptions to estimate average annual TFE and APFO exposure on an arbitrary semi-quantitative scale. These semi-quantitative estimates are sufficient to identify relative differences in exposure for the epidemiological study and should good data become available, they could be used to provide quantitative estimates for all plants across the whole period of operation. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012

The transcription factor encyclopedia.

PubMed

Yusuf, Dimas; Butland, Stefanie L; Swanson, Magdalena I; Bolotin, Eugene; Ticoll, Amy; Cheung, Warren A; Zhang, Xiao Yu Cindy; Dickman, Christopher T D; Fulton, Debra L; Lim, Jonathan S; Schnabl, Jake M; Ramos, Oscar H P; Vasseur-Cognet, Mireille; de Leeuw, Charles N; Simpson, Elizabeth M; Ryffel, Gerhart U; Lam, Eric W-F; Kist, Ralf; Wilson, Miranda S C; Marco-Ferreres, Raquel; Brosens, Jan J; Beccari, Leonardo L; Bovolenta, Paola; Benayoun, Bérénice A; Monteiro, Lara J; Schwenen, Helma D C; Grontved, Lars; Wederell, Elizabeth; Mandrup, Susanne; Veitia, Reiner A; Chakravarthy, Harini; Hoodless, Pamela A; Mancarelli, M Michela; Torbett, Bruce E; Banham, Alison H; Reddy, Sekhar P; Cullum, Rebecca L; Liedtke, Michaela; Tschan, Mario P; Vaz, Michelle; Rizzino, Angie; Zannini, Mariastella; Frietze, Seth; Farnham, Peggy J; Eijkelenboom, Astrid; Brown, Philip J; Laperrière, David; Leprince, Dominique; de Cristofaro, Tiziana; Prince, Kelly L; Putker, Marrit; del Peso, Luis; Camenisch, Gieri; Wenger, Roland H; Mikula, Michal; Rozendaal, Marieke; Mader, Sylvie; Ostrowski, Jerzy; Rhodes, Simon J; Van Rechem, Capucine; Boulay, Gaylor; Olechnowicz, Sam W Z; Breslin, Mary B; Lan, Michael S; Nanan, Kyster K; Wegner, Michael; Hou, Juan; Mullen, Rachel D; Colvin, Stephanie C; Noy, Peter John; Webb, Carol F; Witek, Matthew E; Ferrell, Scott; Daniel, Juliet M; Park, Jason; Waldman, Scott A; Peet, Daniel J; Taggart, Michael; Jayaraman, Padma-Sheela; Karrich, Julien J; Blom, Bianca; Vesuna, Farhad; O'Geen, Henriette; Sun, Yunfu; Gronostajski, Richard M; Woodcroft, Mark W; Hough, Margaret R; Chen, Edwin; Europe-Finner, G Nicholas; Karolczak-Bayatti, Magdalena; Bailey, Jarrod; Hankinson, Oliver; Raman, Venu; LeBrun, David P; Biswal, Shyam; Harvey, Christopher J; DeBruyne, Jason P; Hogenesch, John B; Hevner, Robert F; Héligon, Christophe; Luo, Xin M; Blank, Marissa Cathleen; Millen, Kathleen Joyce; Sharlin, David S; Forrest, Douglas; Dahlman-Wright, Karin; Zhao, Chunyan; Mishima, Yuriko; Sinha, Satrajit; Chakrabarti, Rumela; Portales-Casamar, Elodie; Sladek, Frances M; Bradley, Philip H; Wasserman, Wyeth W

2012-01-01

Here we present the Transcription Factor Encyclopedia (TFe), a new web-based compendium of mini review articles on transcription factors (TFs) that is founded on the principles of open access and collaboration. Our consortium of over 100 researchers has collectively contributed over 130 mini review articles on pertinent human, mouse and rat TFs. Notable features of the TFe website include a high-quality PDF generator and web API for programmatic data retrieval. TFe aims to rapidly educate scientists about the TFs they encounter through the delivery of succinct summaries written and vetted by experts in the field. TFe is available at http://www.cisreg.ca/tfe.

The Transcription Factor Encyclopedia

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Here we present the Transcription Factor Encyclopedia (TFe), a new web-based compendium of mini review articles on transcription factors (TFs) that is founded on the principles of open access and collaboration. Our consortium of over 100 researchers has collectively contributed over 130 mini review articles on pertinent human, mouse and rat TFs. Notable features of the TFe website include a high-quality PDF generator and web API for programmatic data retrieval. TFe aims to rapidly educate scientists about the TFs they encounter through the delivery of succinct summaries written and vetted by experts in the field. TFe is available at http://www.cisreg.ca/tfe. PMID:22458515

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) with TFE3 gene rearrangement: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features.

PubMed

Shen, Qin; Rao, Qiu; Xia, Qiu-Yuan; Yu, Bo; Shi, Qun-Li; Zhang, Ru-Song; Zhou, Xiao-Jun

2014-11-01

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) have been increasingly associated with gene rearrangement of the transcription factor E3 (TFE3). We present three cases of PEComa with a TFE3 gene abnormality detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Their clinical features, pathological morphology, and prognosis were investigated. Histologically, the tumors in these three cases showed predominantly epithelioid cells arranged in nests or sheets separated by a delicate vascular network, within two of the three cases nuclear atypia, mitotic figures, and necrosis. All three cases showed strong TFE3 and cathepsin K immunoreactivity and weak to strong reactivity for HMB45. One case of PEComa with TFE3 gene fusion exhibited a benign course. The other two cases of PEComa with both TFE3 translocation and X-chromosome polysomy were histologically malignant and showed aggressive growth. In summary, unusual cases of PEComa with TFE3 gene rearrangement might present malignant histological features and aggressive clinical behavior. Our results add cases to the literature and describe an association of polysomy with aggressive behavior.

The Initiation Factor TFE and the Elongation Factor Spt4/5 Compete for the RNAP Clamp during Transcription Initiation and Elongation

PubMed Central

Grohmann, Dina; Nagy, Julia; Chakraborty, Anirban; Klose, Daniel; Fielden, Daniel; Ebright, Richard H.; Michaelis, Jens; Werner, Finn

2011-01-01

Summary TFIIE and the archaeal homolog TFE enhance DNA strand separation of eukaryotic RNAPII and the archaeal RNAP during transcription initiation by an unknown mechanism. We have developed a fluorescently labeled recombinant M. jannaschii RNAP system to probe the archaeal transcription initiation complex, consisting of promoter DNA, TBP, TFB, TFE, and RNAP. We have localized the position of the TFE winged helix (WH) and Zinc ribbon (ZR) domains on the RNAP using single-molecule FRET. The interaction sites of the TFE WH domain and the transcription elongation factor Spt4/5 overlap, and both factors compete for RNAP binding. Binding of Spt4/5 to RNAP represses promoter-directed transcription in the absence of TFE, which alleviates this effect by displacing Spt4/5 from RNAP. During elongation, Spt4/5 can displace TFE from the RNAP elongation complex and stimulate processivity. Our results identify the RNAP “clamp” region as a regulatory hot spot for both transcription initiation and transcription elongation. PMID:21777815

TMED6-COG8 is a novel molecular marker of TFE3 translocation renal cell carcinoma

PubMed Central

Xu, Yongcan; Rao, Qiu; Xia, Qiuyuan; Shi, Shanshan; Shi, Qunli; Ma, Henghui; Lu, Zhenfeng; Chen, Hui; Zhou, Xiaojun

2015-01-01

TFE3 translocation renal cell carcinoma is a highly aggressive malignancy which often occurs primarily in children and young adults. The pathognomonic molecular lesion in this subtype is a translocation event involving the TFE3 transcription factor at chromosome Xp11.2. Hence, the pathological diagnosis of an Xp11.2 translocation RCC is based upon morphology, TFE3 immunohistochemistry, or genetic analyses. However, due to the false-positive immunoreactivity for TFE3 IHC and expensive for TFE3 break-apart FISH assay, additional molecular markers are necessary to help provide early diagnose and individualization treatment. Owing to recent advances in microarray and RNA-Seq, Pflueger et al. have discovered that TMED6-COG8 is dramatically increased in TFE3 translocation RCCs, compared with clear cell RCCs and papillary RCCs, implying that TMED6-COG8 might be a new molecular tumor marker of TFE3 translocation RCCs. To extend this observation, we firstly validated the TMED6-COG8 expression level by qRT-PCR in RCCs including Xp11.2 translocation RCCs (n = 5), clear cell RCCs (n = 7) and papillary RCCs (n = 5). Then, we also examined the expression level of TMED6-COG8 chimera in Xp11.2 translocation alveolar soft part sarcoma. We found that TMED6-COG8 chimera expression level was higher in Xp11.2 translocation RCCs than in ASPS (P < 0.05). What’s more, the expression levels of TMED6-COG8 chimera in esophagus cancers (n = 32), gastric cancers (n = 11), colorectal cancers (n = 12), hepatocellular carcinomas (n = 10) and non-small-cell lung cancers (n = 12) were assessed. Unexpectedly, TMED6-COG8 chimera was decreased in these five human types. Therefore, our observations from this study indicated that TMED6-COG8 chimera might act as a novel diagnostic marker in Xp11.2 translocation RCCs. PMID:26045774

Parametrization of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol based on the generalized AMBER force field provides realistic agreement between experimental and calculated properties of pure liquid as well as water-mixed solutions.

PubMed

Vymětal, Jiří; Vondrášek, Jiří

2014-09-04

We present a novel force field model of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) based on the generalized AMBER force field. The model was exhaustively parametrized to reproduce liquid-state properties of pure TFE, namely, density, enthalpy of vaporization, self-diffusion coefficient, and population of trans and gauche conformers. The model predicts excellently other liquid-state properties such as shear viscosity, thermal expansion coefficient, and isotropic compressibility. The resulting model describes unexpectedly well the state equation of the liquid region in the range of 100 K and 10 MPa. More importantly, the proposed TFE model was optimized for use in combination with the TIP4P/Ew and TIP4P/2005 water models. It does not manifest excessive aggregation, which is known for other models, and therefore, it is supposed to more realistically describe the behavior of TFE/water mixtures. This was demonstrated by means of the Kirkwood-Buff theory of solutions and reasonable agreement with experimental data. We explored a considerable part of the parameter space and systematically tested individual combinations of parameters for performance in combination with the TIP4P/Ew and TIP4P/2005 water models. We observed ambiguity in parameters describing pure liquid TFE; however, most of them failed for TFE/water mixtures. We clearly demonstrated the necessity for balanced TFE-TFE, TFE-water, and water-water interactions which can be acquired only by employing implicit polarization correction in the course of parametrization.

TFE-induced local unfolding and fibrillation of SOD1: bridging the experiment and simulation studies.

PubMed

Kumar, Vijay; Prakash, Amresh; Pandey, Preeti; Lynn, Andrew M; Hassan, Md Imtaiyaz

2018-05-18

Misfolding and aggregation of Cu, Zn Superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is involved in the neurodegenerative disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Many studies have shown that metal-depleted, monomeric form of SOD1 displays substantial local unfolding dynamics and is the precursor for aggregation. Here, we have studied the structure and dynamics of different apo monomeric SOD1 variants associated with unfolding and aggregation in aqueous trifluoroethanol (TFE) through experiments and simulation. TFE induces partially unfolded β-sheet-rich extended conformations in these SOD1 variants, which subsequently develops aggregates with fibril-like characteristics. Fibrillation was achieved more easily in disulfide-reduced monomeric SOD1 when compared with wild-type and mutant monomeric SOD1. At higher concentrations of TFE, a native-like structure with the increase in α-helical content was observed. The molecular dynamics simulation results illustrate distinct structural dynamics for different regions of SOD1 variants and show uniform local unfolding of β-strands. The strands protected by the zinc-binding and electrostatic loops were found to unfold first in 20% (v/v) TFE, leading to a partial unfolding of β-strands 4, 5, and 6 which are prone to aggregation. Our results thus shed light on the role of local unfolding and conformational dynamics in SOD1 misfolding and aggregation. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.

PSF/SFPQ is a very common gene fusion partner in TFE3 rearrangement-associated perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) and melanotic Xp11 translocation renal cancers: clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular characteristics suggesting classification as a distinct entity.

PubMed

Rao, Qiu; Shen, Qin; Xia, Qiu-yuan; Wang, Zi-yu; Liu, Biao; Shi, Shan-shan; Shi, Qun-li; Yin, Hong-lin; Wu, Bo; Ye, Sheng-bing; Li, Li; Chen, Jie-Yu; Pan, Min-hong; Li, Qing; Li, Rui; Wang, Xuan; Zhang, Ru-song; Yu, Bo; Ma, Heng-hui; Lu, Zhen-feng; Zhou, Xiao-jun

2015-09-01

An increasing number of TFE3 rearrangement-associated tumors, such as TFE3 rearrangement-associated perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas), melanotic Xp11 translocation renal cancers, and melanotic Xp11 neoplasms, have recently been reported. We examined 12 such cases, including 5 TFE3 rearrangement-associated PEComas located in the pancreas, cervix, or pelvis and 7 melanotic Xp11 translocation renal cancers, using clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses. All the tumors shared a similar morphology, including a purely nested or sheet-like architecture separated by a delicate vascular network, purely epithelioid cells displaying a clear or granular eosinophilic cytoplasm, a lack of papillary structures and spindle cell or fat components, uniform round or oval nuclei containing small visible nucleoli, and, in most cases (11/12), melanin pigmentation. The levels of mitotic activity and necrosis varied. All 12 cases displayed moderately (2+) or strongly (3+) positive immunoreactivity for TFE3 and cathepsin K. One case labeled focally for HMB45 and Melan-A, whereas the others typically labeled moderately (2+) or strongly (3+) for 1 of these markers. None of the cases were immunoreactive for smooth muscle actin, desmin, CKpan, S100, or PAX8. PSF-TFE3 fusion genes were confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in cases (7/7) in which a novel PSF-TFE3 fusion point was identified. All of the cases displayed TFE3 rearrangement associated with Xp11 translocation. Furthermore, we developed a PSF-TFE3 fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for the detection of the PSF-TFE3 fusion gene and detected it in all 12 cases. Clinical follow-up data were available for 7 patients. Three patients died, and 2 patients (cases 1 and 3) remained alive with no evidence of disease after initial resection. Case 2 experienced recurrence and remained alive with disease. Case 5, a recent case, remained alive with extensive abdominal cavity metastases. Our data suggest that these tumors belong to a single clinicopathologic spectrum and expand the known characteristics of TFE3 rearrangement-associated tumors.

Statistics on Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Rotor Failures That Occurred in U.S Commercial Aviation During 1988.

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-03-01

1.7 5.1 RB211 384 1.2638 3 0 8 11 2.4 0.0 6.3 8.7 PW2037/2040 192 0.4090 7 1 3 11 17.1 2.4 7.3 26.8 SPEY 860 0.2774 1 1 2 4 63.6 3.6 7.2 14.4 TFE731 ...L382 501D22 T N 3 N 4 S-881017278 MRKA L382 501D22 C N 3 N 3 S-890207092 MRKA L382 501D22 C N 3 N 10 S-880112116 WP15 HS1257 TFE731 T B 7 C 4 S...880211030 EA21 LEAR35 TFE731 T B 7 C 5 S-880411043 EA21 LEAR36 TFE731 T B 7 C 1 S-880628013 EA17 BAE128 TFE731 T B 7 C 4 S-880906154 GL23 FALCON50 TFE731 T B

HEPES activates a MiT/TFE-dependent lysosomal-autophagic gene network in cultured cells: A call for caution.

PubMed

Tol, Marc J; van der Lienden, Martijn J C; Gabriel, Tanit L; Hagen, Jacob J; Scheij, Saskia; Veenendaal, Tineke; Klumperman, Judith; Donker-Koopman, Wilma E; Verhoeven, Arthur J; Overkleeft, Hermen; Aerts, Johannes M; Argmann, Carmen A; van Eijk, Marco

2018-01-01

In recent years, the lysosome has emerged as a highly dynamic, transcriptionally regulated organelle that is integral to nutrient-sensing and metabolic rewiring. This is coordinated by a lysosome-to-nucleus signaling nexus in which MTORC1 controls the subcellular distribution of the microphthalmia-transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) family of "master lysosomal regulators". Yet, despite the importance of the lysosome in cellular metabolism, the impact of traditional in vitro culture media on lysosomal dynamics and/or MiT/TFE localization has not been fully appreciated. Here, we identify HEPES, a chemical buffering agent that is broadly applied in cell culture, as a potent inducer of lysosome biogenesis. Supplementation of HEPES to cell growth media is sufficient to decouple the MiT/TFE family members-TFEB, TFE3 and MITF-from regulatory mechanisms that control their cytosolic retention. Increased MiT/TFE nuclear import in turn drives the expression of a global network of lysosomal-autophagic and innate host-immune response genes, altering lysosomal dynamics, proteolytic capacity, autophagic flux, and inflammatory signaling. In addition, siRNA-mediated MiT/TFE knockdown effectively blunted HEPES-induced lysosome biogenesis and gene expression profiles. Mechanistically, we show that MiT/TFE activation in response to HEPES requires its macropinocytic ingestion and aberrant lysosomal storage/pH, but is independent of MTORC1 signaling. Altogether, our data underscore the cautionary use of chemical buffering agents in cell culture media due to their potentially confounding effects on experimental results.

75 FR 12663 - Airworthiness Directives; Honeywell International Inc. TFE731 Series Turbofan Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-17

... Airworthiness Directives; Honeywell International Inc. TFE731 Series Turbofan Engines AGENCY: Federal Aviation...) for Honeywell International Inc. TFE731 series turbofan engines with certain second stage low-pressure... information identified in this AD from Honeywell Engines and Systems Technical Publications and Distribution...

TFE3-rearranged hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma-a case report with immunohistochemical and molecular study.

PubMed

Kuo, Fang-Ying; Huang, Hsuan-Ying; Chen, Chao-Long; Eng, Hock-Liew; Huang, Chao-Cheng

2017-09-01

A recurrent YAP1-TFE3 gene fusion has been identified in WWTR1-CAMTA1-negative epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas arising in soft tissue, bone, and lung, but not in liver. We present the first case of TFE3-rearranged hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in a 39-year-old Taiwanese woman. Computed tomography scan revealed multifocal, ill-defined nodules involving both hepatic lobes. She then underwent deceased donor liver transplantation. Histologically, the tumors in the liver explant showed a biphasic growth pattern. One component was composed of dilated and well-formed blood vessels lined by epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, mimicking an alveolar pattern, whereas the other component was composed of cords and single cells, featuring intracytoplasmic vacuoles, separated by a myxoid stroma. The tumor cells showed vesicular nuclei and small indistinct nucleoli with mild to moderate cytologic atypia. Most tumor cells showed factor VIII, CD34, CD31, and TFE3 positivity in immunohistochemical study. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis for the tumor cells exhibited TFE3 gene rearrangement. The patient is currently alive, and no post-operative tumor recurrence developed during a 13-year follow-up. Awareness of this rare vasoformative variant and identification of the gene rearrangement would be helpful on differential diagnosis with other high-grade carcinoma and angiosarcoma of liver. © 2017 APMIS. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma with NONO-TFE3 gene fusion: morphology, prognosis, and potential pitfall in detecting TFE3 gene rearrangement.

PubMed

Xia, Qiu-Yuan; Wang, Zhe; Chen, Ni; Gan, Hua-Lei; Teng, Xiao-Dong; Shi, Shan-Shan; Wang, Xuan; Wei, Xue; Ye, Sheng-Bing; Li, Rui; Ma, Heng-Hui; Lu, Zhen-Feng; Zhou, Xiao-Jun; Rao, Qiu

2017-03-01

Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinomas are characterized by several different translocations involving the TFE3 gene. Tumors with different specific gene fusions may have different clinicopathological manifestations. Fewer than 10 renal cell carcinoma cases with NONO-TFE3 have been described. Here we examined eight additional cases of this rare tumor using clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses. The male-to-female ratio of our study cohort was 1:1, and the median age was 30 years. The most distinctive feature of the tumors was that they exhibited glandular/tubular or papillary architecture that was lined with small-to-medium cuboidal to high columnar cells with indistinct cell borders and an abundantly clear or flocculent eosinophilic cytoplasm. The nuclei were oriented toward the luminal surface and were round and uniform in shape, which resulted in the appearance of secretory endometrioid subnuclear vacuolization. The distinct glandular/tubular or papillary architecture was often accompanied by sheets of epithelial cells that presented a biphasic pattern. Immunohistochemically, all eight cases demonstrated moderate (2+) or strong (3+) positive staining for TFE3, CD10, RCC marker, and PAX-8. None of the tumors were immunoreactive for CK7, Cathepsin K, Melan-A, HMB45, Ksp-cadherin, Vimentin, CA9, 34βE12 or CD117. NONO-TFE3 fusion transcripts were identified in six cases by RT-PCR. All eight cases showed equivocal split signals with a distance of nearly 2 signal diameters and sometimes had false-negative results. Furthermore, we developed a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay to serve as an adjunct diagnostic tool for the detection of the NONO-TFE3 fusion gene and used this method to detect the fusion gene in all eight cases. Long-term follow-up (range, 10-102 months) was available for 7 patients. All 7 patients were alive with no evidence of recurrent disease or disease progression after their initial resection. This report adds to the known data regarding NONO-TFE3 renal cell carcinoma.

Molecular cytogenetic analysis for TFE3 rearrangement in Xp11.2 renal cell carcinoma and alveolar soft part sarcoma: validation and clinical experience with 75 cases.

PubMed

Hodge, Jennelle C; Pearce, Kathryn E; Wang, Xiaoke; Wiktor, Anne E; Oliveira, Andre M; Greipp, Patricia T

2014-01-01

Renal cell carcinoma with TFE3 rearrangement at Xp11.2 is a distinct subtype manifesting an indolent clinical course in children, with recent reports suggesting a more aggressive entity in adults. This subtype is morphologically heterogeneous and can be misclassified as clear cell or papillary renal cell carcinoma. TFE3 is also rearranged in alveolar soft part sarcoma. To aid in diagnosis, a break-apart strategy fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe set specific for TFE3 rearrangement and a reflex dual-color, single-fusion strategy probe set involving the most common TFE3 partner gene, ASPSCR1, were validated on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from nine alveolar soft part sarcoma, two suspected Xp11.2 renal cell carcinoma, and nine tumors in the differential diagnosis. The impact of tissue cut artifact was reduced through inclusion of a chromosome X centromere control probe. Analysis of the UOK-109 renal carcinoma cell line confirmed the break-apart TFE3 probe set can distinguish the subtle TFE3/NONO fusion-associated inversion of chromosome X. Subsequent extensive clinical experience was gained through analysis of 75 cases with an indication of Xp11.2 renal cell carcinoma (n=54), alveolar soft part sarcoma (n=13), perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (n=2), chordoma (n=1), or unspecified (n=5). We observed balanced and unbalanced chromosome X;17 translocations in both Xp11.2 renal cell carcinoma and alveolar soft part sarcoma, supporting a preference but not a necessity for the translocation to be balanced in the carcinoma and unbalanced in the sarcoma. We further demonstrate the unbalanced separation is atypical, with TFE3/ASPSCR1 fusion and loss of the derivative X chromosome but also an unanticipated normal X chromosome gain in both males and females. Other diverse sex chromosome copy number combinations were observed. Our TFE3 FISH assay is a useful adjunct to morphologic analysis of such challenging cases and will be applicable to assess the growing spectrum of TFE3-rearranged tumors.

HEPES activates a MiT/TFE-dependent lysosomal-autophagic gene network in cultured cells: A call for caution

PubMed Central

Tol, Marc J.; van der Lienden, Martijn J.C.; Gabriel, Tanit L.; Hagen, Jacob J.; Scheij, Saskia; Veenendaal, Tineke; Klumperman, Judith; Donker-Koopman, Wilma E.; Verhoeven, Arthur J.; Overkleeft, Hermen; Aerts, Johannes M.; Argmann, Carmen A.; van Eijk, Marco

2018-01-01

ABSTRACT In recent years, the lysosome has emerged as a highly dynamic, transcriptionally regulated organelle that is integral to nutrient-sensing and metabolic rewiring. This is coordinated by a lysosome-to-nucleus signaling nexus in which MTORC1 controls the subcellular distribution of the microphthalmia-transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) family of “master lysosomal regulators”. Yet, despite the importance of the lysosome in cellular metabolism, the impact of traditional in vitro culture media on lysosomal dynamics and/or MiT/TFE localization has not been fully appreciated. Here, we identify HEPES, a chemical buffering agent that is broadly applied in cell culture, as a potent inducer of lysosome biogenesis. Supplementation of HEPES to cell growth media is sufficient to decouple the MiT/TFE family members–TFEB, TFE3 and MITF–from regulatory mechanisms that control their cytosolic retention. Increased MiT/TFE nuclear import in turn drives the expression of a global network of lysosomal-autophagic and innate host-immune response genes, altering lysosomal dynamics, proteolytic capacity, autophagic flux, and inflammatory signaling. In addition, siRNA-mediated MiT/TFE knockdown effectively blunted HEPES-induced lysosome biogenesis and gene expression profiles. Mechanistically, we show that MiT/TFE activation in response to HEPES requires its macropinocytic ingestion and aberrant lysosomal storage/pH, but is independent of MTORC1 signaling. Altogether, our data underscore the cautionary use of chemical buffering agents in cell culture media due to their potentially confounding effects on experimental results. PMID:29455584

Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma of the Female Genital Tract: A Morphologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Cytogenetic Study of 10 Cases With Emphasis on its Distinction From Morphologic Mimics.

PubMed

Schoolmeester, J Kenneth; Carlson, Joseph; Keeney, Gary L; Fritchie, Karen J; Oliva, Esther; Young, Robert H; Nucci, Marisa R

2017-05-01

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a morphologically distinctive neoplasm of unknown differentiation that bears a characteristic gene fusion involving ASPSCR1 and TFE3. ASPS can occur in the female genital tract, but is rare. Eleven cases with an initial diagnosis of ASPS at female genital tract sites were evaluated for their morphologic features and immunoprofile using a panel of antibodies (TFE3, HMB45, melan-A, smooth muscle actin, desmin, and h-Caldesmon). In addition, the presence of TFE3 rearrangement and subsequent ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Ten tumors retained their classification as ASPS based on their morphologic appearance, immunohistochemical profile, and demonstration of ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion. The remaining case was reclassified as conventional-type PEComa due to its pattern of HMB45, melan-A, and desmin positivity as well as absence of TFE3 rearrangement. Sites of the 10 ASPS were uterine corpus (3), cervix (2), uterus not further specified (2), vagina (2), and vulva (1). The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 68 years (mean 34 y, median 32 y). The tumors demonstrated a spectrum of morphologic features, but all had a consistent immunophenotype of strong TFE3 nuclear expression and lack of muscle (smooth muscle actin, desmin, h-Caldesmon) and melanocytic (melan-A, HMB45) markers, except focal positivity for HMB45 in 1. Follow-up was available for 4 patients ranging from 1 to 35 months (mean 15 mo, median 25 mo) and they were alive and had no evidence of recurrence or metastasis at last follow-up. Distinguishing ASPS from its morphologic mimics, particularly PEComa, is important due to increasingly efficacious targeted agents such as MET-selective and VEGF signaling inhibitors in the former and mTOR inhibition therapy in the latter.

Dichotomy of Genetic Abnormalities in PEComas with Therapeutic Implications

PubMed Central

Agaram, Narasimhan P; Sung, Yun-Shao; Zhang, Lei; Chen, Chun-Liang; Chen, Hsiao-Wei; Singer, Samuel; Dickson, Mark A.; Berger, Michael F.; Antonescu, Cristina R

2014-01-01

Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComa) are a family of rare mesenchymal tumors with hybrid myo-melanocytic differentiation. Although most PEComas harbor loss of function TSC1/TSC2 mutations, a small subset were reported to carry TFE3 gene rearrangements. As no comprehensive genomic study has addressed the molecular classification of PEComa, we sought to investigate by multiple methodologies the incidence and spectrum of genetic abnormalities and their potential genotype-phenotype correlations in a large group of 38 PEComas. The tumors were located in soft tissue (11 cases) and visceral sites (27) including uterus, kidney, liver, lung and urinary bladder. Combined RNA sequencing and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) analysis identified 9 (23%) TFE3 gene rearranged tumors, with 3 cases showing a SFPQ/PSF-TFE3 fusion and one case a novel DVL2-TFE3 gene fusion. The TFE3-positive lesions showed a distinctive nested/alveolar morphology and were equally distributed between soft tissue and visceral sites. Additionally, novel RAD51B gene rearrangements were identified in 3 (8%) uterine PEComas, which showed a complex fusion pattern and were fused to RRAGB/OPHN1 genes in two cases. Other non-recurrent gene fusions, HTR4-ST3GAL1 and RASSF1-PDZRN3, were identified in 2 cases. Targeted exome sequencing using the IMPACT assay was used to address if the presence of gene fusions are mutually exclusive from TSC gene abnormalities. TSC2 mutations were identified in 80% of the TFE3 fusion-negative cases tested. Co-existent TP53 mutations were identified in 63% of the TSC2 mutated PEComas. Our results showed that TFE3-rearranged PEComas lacked co-existing TSC2 mutations, indicating alternative pathways of tumorigenesis. In summary, this comprehensive genetic analysis significantly expands our understanding of molecular alterations in PEComas and brings forth the genetic heterogeneity of these tumors. PMID:25651471

Dimensional scaling for impact cratering and perforation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Watts, Alan; Atkinson, Dale; Rieco, Steve

1993-01-01

This report summarizes the development of two physics-based scaling laws for describing crater depths and diameters caused by normal incidence impacts into aluminum and TFE Teflon. The report then describes equations for perforations in aluminum and TFE Teflon for normal impacts. Lastly, this report also studies the effects of non-normal incidence on cratering and perforation.

Altered expression of key cell cycle regulators in renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation.

PubMed

Barroca, H; Castedo, S; Vieira, J; Teixeira, M; Müller-Höcker, J

2009-01-01

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare tumor in the pediatric population. Recently, a phenotypically and genetically distinct kidney carcinoma, mainly prevalent in children and associated with an Xp11.2 translocation or TFE3 gene fusion, has been described. It has been advanced that in this subtype of RCC, there is an accumulation of cyclin D1, cyclin D3, and p21 ((wafl/cip1)). The aim of the present study was to figure out in two pediatric RCC recently diagnosed in our department (one clear cell-type RCC and one TFE3-positive RCC) whether those features are indeed specific of the latter tumor or occur in pediatric RCC irrespective of the tumor type. The following immunostains were performed in both cases: Ki67, p16(ink4a), p21 ((wafl/cip1)), p27(kip1), p53, p63, mdm2, cyclin D1, cyclin D3, TFE3, CD10, vimentin, E-cadherin, and RCC-antigen. We observed in the TFE3-positive carcinoma an intense immunoreaction for p21 ((wafl/cip1)), cyclin D1, and cyclin D3, without expression for p53, p16, p27(kip1), and mdm2, whereas the immunoexpression profile observed in the classic RCC was similar to that of clear cell, adult-type RCC. Our study confirms that TFE3-positive RCC exhibits a deregulation of the cell cycle apparently unrelated to the young age of the patients.

Thermionic fuel element for the S-prime reactor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Van Hagan, Thomas H.; Drees, Elizabeth A.

1993-01-01

Technical aspects of the thermionic fuel element (TFE) design proposed for the S-PRIME space nuclear power system are discussed. Topics covered include the rational for selecting a multicell TFE approach, a technical description of the S-PRIME TFE and its estimated performance, and the technology readiness of the design, which emphasizes techology maturity and low risk.

Renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE gene fusion: imaging findings in 21 patients.

PubMed

Chen, Xiao; Zhu, Qingqiang; Li, Baoxin; Cui, Wenjing; Zhou, Hao; Duan, Na; Liu, Yongkang; Kundra, Vikas; Wang, Zhongqiu

2017-02-01

To characterize imaging features of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE gene fusion. Twenty-one patients with Xp11.2/TFE RCC were retrospectively evaluated. Tumour location, size, density, cystic or solid appearance, calcification, capsule sign, enhancement pattern and metastases were assessed. Fourteen women and seven men were identified with 12 being 25 years old or younger. Tumours were solitary and cystic-solid (76.2 %) masses with a capsule (76.2 %); 90.5 % were located in the medulla. Calcifications and lymph node metastases were each observed in 24 %. On unenhanced CT, tumour attenuation was greater than in normal renal parenchyma (85.7 %). Tumour enhancement was less than in normal renal cortex on all enhanced phases, greater than in normal renal medulla on cortical and medullary phases, but less than in normal renal medulla on delayed phase. On MR, the tumours were isointense on T1WI, heterogeneously hypointense on T2WI and slightly hyperintense on diffusion-weighted imaging. Xp11.2/TFE RCC usually occurs in young women. It is a cystic-solid, hyperdense mass with a capsule. It arises from the renal medulla with enhancement less than in the cortex but greater than in the medulla in all phases except the delayed phase, when it is lower than in the medulla. • Xp11.2/TFE RCC was more prevalent in young women. • On unenhanced CT, Xp11.2/TFE RCC attenuation was greater than in renal parenchyma. • Xp111/2TFE RCC arises primarily from the renal medulla. • Xp11.2/TFE RCC enhancement was less than in the cortex on all phases. • Enhancement was greater than in the medulla in arterial and corticomedullary phase.

TFE3-Expressing Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasm (PEComa) of the Sella Turcica.

PubMed

Hyrcza, Martin D; Winer, Daniel A; Shago, Mary; Au, Karolyn; Zadeh, Gelareh; Asa, Sylvia L; Mete, Ozgur

2017-03-01

We report a primary central nervous system (CNS) perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) in a middle-aged female patient. The tumor occurred in suprasellar location with secondary extension into the sella turcica. The patient presented with intracranial hemorrhage and an altered level of consciousness. The tumor had morphologic features matching those of other previously described TFE3-translocated PEComas, including epithelioid morphology, diffuse and strong nuclear immunoreactivity for TFE3, and minimal staining with myoid markers. The TFE3 break-apart FISH testing showed a slight splitting of one of the TFE3 signals in 49.5 % of nuclei. This case illustrates that PEComas should be added to the growing list of mesenchymal tumors that can be encountered in the CNS and specifically in the vicinity of the pituitary gland. The recognition of this entity is of significance given their underlying pathogenesis and possible management implications.

[Immunohistochemical study of perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms].

PubMed

Xia, Qiu-Yuan; Rao, Qiu; Shen, Qin; Liu, Biao; Li, Li; Shi, Qun-Li; Shi, Shan-Shan; Yu, Bo; Zhang, Ru-Song; Ma, Heng-Hui; Lu, Zhen-Feng; Wang, Xuan; Tu, Pin; Zhou, Xiao-Jun

2013-06-01

To study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype and genetic changes of perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComa). A total of 25 cases of PEComa located in various anatomic sites were selected for immunohistochemical staining (SP or EnVision method). TFE3 fluorescence in-situ hybridization was also performed to determine the TFE3 gene status. The age of patient ranged from 21 to 61 years (mean = 43 years). The male-to-female ratio was 1: 1.3. Histologically, 22 cases represented conventional angiomyolipomas, composed of a mixture of adipose tissue, spindle element, epithelioid smooth muscle cells and abnormal thick-walled blood vessels in various proportions. Three cases involving lung, soft tissue and broad ligament had subtle but distinctive morphologic features. Nested or sheet-like architecture with epithelioid or spindle cells was observed. Immunohistochemical study showed that HMB 45, melan A, smooth muscle actin and cathepsin K were expressed in 80% (20/25), 88% (22/25), 88% (22/25) and 100% (25/25) of PEComa, respectively. Within positive cases, the average proportion of positive tumor cells was 36%, 41%, 35% and 90% respectively for HMB 45, melan A, smooth muscle actin and cathepsin K. TFE3 was negative in all of the 22 renal and hepatic PEComa studied, while it was positive in the 3 cases of extra-hepatorenal PEComa. None of the 25 cases exhibited evidence of TFE3 gene fusion or amplification. Extra-hepatorenal PEComa have distinctive morphologic features and are associated with TFE3 overexpression. Cathepsin K immunostaining demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity in PEComa, better than other commonly employed immunomarkers. This marker is thus useful in diagnosis of PEComa and distinction with other neoplasms.

MiT/TFE transcription factors are activated during mitophagy downstream of Parkin and Atg5.

PubMed

Nezich, Catherine L; Wang, Chunxin; Fogel, Adam I; Youle, Richard J

2015-08-03

The kinase PINK1 and ubiquitin ligase Parkin can regulate the selective elimination of damaged mitochondria through autophagy (mitophagy). Because of the demand on lysosomal function by mitophagy, we investigated a role for the transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, in this process. We show that during mitophagy TFEB translocates to the nucleus and displays transcriptional activity in a PINK1- and Parkin-dependent manner. MITF and TFE3, homologues of TFEB belonging to the same microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) family, are similarly regulated during mitophagy. Unlike TFEB translocation after starvation-induced mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 inhibition, Parkin-mediated TFEB relocalization required Atg9A and Atg5 activity. However, constitutively active Rag guanosine triphosphatases prevented TFEB translocation during mitophagy, suggesting cross talk between these two MiT/TFE activation pathways. Analysis of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-generated TFEB/MITF/TFE3/TFEC single, double, and triple knockout cell lines revealed that these proteins partly facilitate Parkin-mediated mitochondrial clearance. These results illuminate a pathway leading to MiT/TFE transcription factor activation, distinct from starvation-induced autophagy, which occurs during mitophagy.

Preparation and characterization of hydrophobic P(TFE) blend electrospun gel polymer electrolyte fibrous membranes for Li-O2 battery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Padmaraj, O.; Suthanthiraraj, S. Austin

2018-04-01

A novel stable electrospun gel polymer electrolyte [(100-x)% P(VdF-co-HFP)+(x)% P(TFE), (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 & 30)/1 M Li(CF3SO2)2N-] fibrous membranes with an addition of various concentrations of hydrophobic P(TFE) polymer were prepared by an electrospinning technique. All the prepared electrospun polymer blend fibrous membranes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, high resolution scanning electron microscopy techniques and water contact angle measurements. The newly developed electrospun pure and hydrophobic P(TFE) blend fibrous membranes were activated into separator-cum gel polymer electrolyte fibrous membranes by soaking in an electrolyte solution contains 1 M Li(CF3SO2)2N- in EC: PC (1:1, v/v) in an argon filled glove box. Among the various concentrations of hydrophobic P(TFE) blend polymer fibrous membranes, the electrospun gel polymer blend electrolyte with 5% P(TFE) showed low crystallinity, high thermal stability, high electrolyte uptake, good hydrophobicity and high ionic conductivity (2.680×10-2 S cm-1) at room temperature.

Imprint cytologic features in renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion in an adult: a case report.

PubMed

Yamaguchi, Tadanori; Kuroda, Naoto; Imamura, Yoshiaki; Hes, Ondrej; Kawada, Takako; Nakayama, Keizou

2009-01-01

Adult-onset renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion is a very rare tumor. To date, there are no reports on immunocytochemical study of the primary tumor. We describe such a case that we diagnosed by immunocytochemistry of imprint cytology material. A 46-year-old man was found to have a mass in the lower pole of the right kidney. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2-weighted images showed a hypointense area in the tumor, and papillary RCC was suspected. Imprint cytology showed tumor cells that were isolated or arranged in large or small papillary clusters. Irregularly shaped large oval nuclei, finely granular chromatin and a single large nucleolus were noted. Cytoplasm was abundant and admixed with clear and granular eosinophilic patterns and scattered large vacuolated cells. Almost all tumor cells diffusely expressed immunocytochemical reactivity to TFE3 protein. Hyaline nodules were observed in the stroma. Ultrastructurally, neoplastic cells contained rhomboid crystals identical to those of alveolar soft part sarcoma. The immunocytochemistry of TFE3 protein may be a powerful tool for accurate diagnosis when RCC associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion is suspected by imprint cytology even in adult-onset cases, and cytotechnologists should accurately recognize cytologic findings of this tumor.

Antioxidant and toxicological evaluation of a Tamarindus indica L. leaf fluid extract.

PubMed

Escalona-Arranz, J C; Perez-Rosés, R; Rodríguez-Amado, J; Morris-Quevedo, H J; Mwasi, L B; Cabrera-Sotomayor, O; Machado-García, R; Fong-Lórez, O; Alfonso-Castillo, A; Puente-Zapata, E

2016-01-01

In the scientific community, there is a growing interest in Tamarindus indica L. leaves, both as a valuable nutrient and as a functional food. This paper focuses on exploring its safety and antioxidant properties. A tamarind leaf fluid extract (TFE) wholly characterised was evaluated for its anti-DPPH activity (IC50 = 44.36 μg/mL) and its reducing power activity (IC50 = 60.87 μg/mL). TFE also exhibited a high ferrous ion-chelating capacity, with an estimated binding constant of 1.085 mol L(-1) while its influence over nitric oxide production in human leucocytes was irregular. At low concentrations, TFE stimulated NO output, but it significantly inhibited it when there was an increase in concentration. TFE was also classified as a non-toxic substance in two toxicity tests: the acute oral toxicity test and the oral mucous irritability test. Further toxicological assays are needed, although results so far suggest that TFE might become a functional dietary supplement.

Forced Mixer Nozzle Optimization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sheoran, Yogi; Hoover, Robert; Schuster, William; Anderson, Morris; Weir, Donald S.

1999-01-01

Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) and computational acoustic analyses (CAA) were performed for a TFE731-40 compound nozzle, a TFE731-60 mixer nozzle and an Energy Efficient Engine (E(sup 3)) mixer nozzle for comparison with available data. The CFD analyses were performed with a three dimensional, Navier-Stokes solution of the flowfield on an unstructured grid using the RAMPANT program. The CAA analyses were performed with the NASA Glenn MGB program using a structured grid. A successful aerodynamic solution for the TFE731-40 compound nozzle operating statically was obtained, simulating an engine operating on a test stand. Analysis of the CFD results of the TFE731-40 with the MGB program produced predicted sound power levels that agree quite well with the measured data front full-scale static engine tests. Comparison of the predicted sound pressure with the data show good agreement near the jet axis, but the noise levels are overpredicted at angles closer to the inlet. The predicted sound power level for the TFE731-60 did not agree as well with measured static engine data as the TFE731-40. Although a reduction in the predicted noise level due to the mixed flow was observed, the reduction was not as significant as the measured data. The analysis of the V2 mixer from the E(sup 3) study showed that peak temperatures predicted in the mixer exit flowfield were within 5 percent of the values measured by the exit probes. The noise predictions of the V2 mixer nozzle tended to be 3-5 dB higher in peak noise level than the measurements. In addition, the maximum frequency of the noise was also overpredicted. An analysis of the 3 candidate mixer nozzle configurations demonstrated the feasibility of using centerbody lobes and porosity to improve mixing efficiency. A final configuration was designed with a predicted thermal mixing efficiency that was 5 percent higher than the 3 candidate mixers. The results of the MGB noise calculations show that the final design will exceed the design goal of a 3 dB reduction in noise as compared to the baseline TFE731-40.

Aircraft Jet Engine Exhaust Blast Effects on Par-56 Runway Threshold Lamp Fixtures

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-06-01

Engine Type(s): SPEY 511-14 British Aerospace, BAe-125-700/ -700 Engine Type(s): Garret TFE731 -3 British Aerospace, Concorde Engine Type(s): Not Given... TFE731 -3B Falcon Jet, Falcon 50 Engine Type(s): Garrett TFE-731-3C (See data for Citation) Gates Learjet, Models 23/24, 35/36, 35A/36A, 55/55B Engine Type

A peptide co-solvent under scrutiny: self-aggregation of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol.

PubMed

Scharge, Tina; Cézard, Christine; Zielke, Philipp; Schütz, Anne; Emmeluth, Corinna; Suhm, Martin A

2007-08-28

Trifluoroethanol (TFE) and its aggregates are studied via supersonic jet FTIR and Raman spectroscopy as well as by quantum chemistry and simple force field approaches. A multi-slit nozzle is introduced to study collisionally excited clusters. Efforts are made to extract harmonic frequencies from experiment for better comparison to theory. Based on deuteration, the OH stretching anharmonicity changes weakly upon dimerization, but increases for trimers. Among the possible dimer conformations, only an all-gauche, homoconfigurational, compact, OH-F connected structure is observed in an extreme case of chiral discrimination. Quantum tunneling assisted pathways for this surprising helicity synchronization are postulated. The oscillator coupling in hydrogen-bonded trimers is analyzed. Trans conformations of TFE start to become important for trimers and probably persist in the liquid state. Simple force fields can be refined to capture some molecular recognition features of TFE dimer, but their limitations are emphasized.

Comparison of the reflectance characteristics of polytetrafluoroethylene and barium sulfate paints

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Butner, C. L.; Schutt, J. B.; Shai, M. C.

1984-01-01

Preliminary results are presented of the directional reflectance measurements taken on two tetrafluorethylene (TFE) paints formulated with silicone binders. Both paints are found to be more Lambertian than barium sulfate paint and pressed powder, although the pigment to binder ratios for barium sulfate and TFE paints are about 133 and 3.3 to 1, respectively. The TFE paints exhibit total visible reflectances above 90 percent and offer surfaces that are not significantly affected by water.

Malignant TFE3-rearranged perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa) presenting as a subcutaneous mass.

PubMed

Shon, W; Kim, J; Sukov, W; Reith, J

2016-03-01

Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComas) are a group of mesenchymal tumours with concurrent melanocytic and myogenic differentiation. Although many cases are sporadic, PEComas can be associated with tuberous sclerosis. A distinct subset of deep-seated PEComas has been shown to carry TFE3 fusions. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of primary subcutaneous malignant PEComa with molecular confirmation of TFE3 gene rearrangement. © 2015 British Association of Dermatologists.

Small Laminated Axial Turbine Design and Test Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-01

ILLUSTRATIONS Figure No. Title Page 1 Typical Test Results from TFE731 -3 Hot-Rig Testing. 5 2 Laminated Blade Chordwise Flow Patterns 8 3 Laminated Blade Cooling...Flow Parameter Versus Pressure Ratio 36 24 Blade Flow Distribution 37 25 TFE731 Turbofan Engine 38 26 Laminated Turbine Wheel 40 27 Selected Blade...facility, which was specifically developed to permit evaluation of cooled compo- nents for gas turbine engines. Four TFE731 -3 Laminated Turbine Wheels

Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma.

PubMed

Jaber, Omar I; Kirby, Patricia A

2015-11-01

Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a rare neoplasm usually arising in the soft tissues of the lower limbs in adults and in the head and neck region in children. It presents primarily as a slowly growing mass or as metastatic disease. It is characterized by a specific chromosomal alteration, der(17)t(X:17)(p11:q25), resulting in fusion of the transcription factor E3 (TFE3) with alveolar soft part sarcoma critical region 1 (ASPSCR1) at 17q25. This translocation is diagnostically useful because the tumor nuclei are positive for TFE3 by immunohistochemistry. Real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect the ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion transcript on paraffin-embedded tissue blocks has been shown to be more sensitive and specific than detection of TFE3 by immunohistochemical stain. Cathepsin K is a relatively recent immunohistochemical stain that can aid in the diagnosis. The recent discovery of the role of the ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion protein in the MET proto-oncogene signaling pathway promoting angiogenesis and cell proliferation offers a promising targeted molecular therapy.

Fine-needle aspiration of a Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 fusion renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the lung: report of a case and review of the literature.

PubMed

Schinstine, Malcolm; Filie, Armando C; Torres-Cabala, Carlos; Abati, Andrea; Linehan, W Marston; Merino, Maria

2006-11-01

A 57-yr-old woman presented to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) with a history of nephrectomy for a clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), Fuhrman grade 3 of 4 diagnosed 1 yr prior to admission to the NCI. A CT scan done upon admission revealed multiple bilateral lung masses. A CT-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of one of the lung masses revealed a cellular specimen composed primarily of follicular structures surrounding dense hyalinized central cores. The cells in the follicular structures displayed bland nuclei and had granular to vacuolated cytoplasm. Papillary structures were also appreciated. Immunocytochemical studies showed tumor cells that were strongly vimentin and TFE3 positive. Focal staining for AE1/AE3 and CD10 was observed, as was negative staining for EMA. A surgical biopsy specimen reflected the FNA findings and demonstrated a similar immunoprofile. These findings correspond to the recently described Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 fusion renal cell carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the cytologic features of an Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 fusion RCC. (C) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Ethanol- and trifluoroethanol-induced changes in phase states of DPPC membranes. Prodan emission-excitation fluorescence spectroscopy supported by PARAFAC analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Horochowska, Martyna; Cieślik-Boczula, Katarzyna; Rospenk, Maria

2018-03-01

It has been shown that Prodan emission-excitation fluorescence spectroscopy supported by Parallel Factor (PARAFAC) analysis is a fast, simple and sensitive method used in the study of the phase transition from the noninterdigitated gel (Lβ‧) state to the interdigitated gel (LβI) phase, triggered by ethanol and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) molecules in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholines (DPPC) membranes. The relative contribution of lipid phases with spectral characteristics of each pure phase component has been presented as a function of an increase in alcohol concentration. It has been stated that both alcohol molecules can induce a formation of the LβI phase, but TFE is over six times stronger inducer of the interdigitated phase in DPPC membranes than ethanol molecules. Moreover, in the TFE-mixed DPPC membranes, the transition from the Lβ‧ to LβI phase is accompanied by a formation of the fluid phase, which most probably serves as a boundary phase between the Lβ‧ and LβI regions. Contrary to the three phase-state model of TFE-mixed DPPC membranes, in ethanol-mixed DPPC membranes only the two phase-state model has been detected.

Study of Bird Ingestions into Small Inlet Area, Aircraft Turbine Engines

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-12-01

TFE731 3 -0- -0- NONE NONE NONE12/16/1987 -0- -0- -0- RICHMOND, VA-BYRD FIELD YES TFE731 3R A,O 2 NONE NONE NONE12/17/1987 8. -0- FOH FRIEDRICHSHAFEN ...GERMANY NO TPE331 5 A,X 1 -0- NONE RETARE12/17/1987 8. -0- FDH FRIEDRICHSHAFEN , GERMANY NO TPE331 5 A,K I 0 NONE RETARD12/30/1987 -0- -0- -0- CRICIUNA

SBIR Reports on the Chemistry of Lithium Battery Technology

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-11-01

isopropanol to produce a thick slurry of paste-like consistency. To this slurry, TFE emulsion ( DuPont TFE 30) was added dropwise until the weight of the...Breault et al (47), and began with the preparation of a dilute slurry of catalyst in water and adding DuPont TFE 30 emulsion dropwise to the slurry until...659. 18. H. Schaefer, C. Goeser, and L. Bayer , Z. anorg. allgem. Chem. 263, 87 (1950). 19. K. French, P. Cukor, C. Persiani, and J. Auborn, J

Impact of Turbine Modulation on Variable-Cycle Engine Performance. Phase 4. Additional Hardware Design and Fabrication, Engine Modification, and Altitude Test. Part 3 B

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-12-01

urbofan engine performance. An AiKesearch Model TFE731 -2 Turbofan Engine was modified to incorporate production-type variable-geometry hardware...reliability was shown for the variable- geometry components. The TFE731 , modified to include variable geometry, proved to be an inexpensive...Atm at a Met Thrust of 3300 LBF 929 85 Variable-Cycle Engine TFE731 Exhaust-Nozzle Performance 948 86 Analytical Model Comparisons, Aerodynamic

Development of Electric Power Units Driven by Waste Heat

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Inoue, Naoyuki; Takeuchi, Takao; Kaneko, Atsushi; Uchimura, Tomoyuki; Irie, Kiichi; Watanabe, Hiroyoshi

For the development of a simple and compact power generator driven by waste heat, working fluids and an expander were studied, then a practical electric power unit was put to test. Many working fluids were calculated with the low temperature power cycle (evaporated at 77°C, condensed at 42°C),and TFE,R123,R245fa were selected to be suitable for the cycle. TFE(Trifluoroethanol CF3CH2OH) was adopted to the actual power generator which was tested. A radial turbine was adopted as an expander, and was newly designed and manufactured for working fluid TFE. The equipment was driven by hot water as heat source and cooling water as cooling source, and generated power was connected with electric utility. Characteristics of the power generating cycle and characteristics of the turbine were obtained experimentally.

Relative rates for plasma homo- and copolymerizations of olefins in a homologous series of fluorinated ethylenes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Golub, M. A.; Wydeven, T.

1997-01-01

It is well known that the rate of plasma polymerization, or deposition rate, of a given monomer depends on various plasma process parameters, e.g., monomer flow rate, pressure, power, frequency (DC, rf or microwave), location of the substrate in the reactor, reactor geometry or configuration, and temperature. In contrast, little work has been done to relate deposition rates to monomer structures for a homologous series of monomers where the rates are obtained under identical plasma process parameters. For the particular series of fluorinated ethylenes (C2HxF4-x; x = 0-4), deposition rates were reported for ethylene (ET), vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), but for plasma polymerizations carried out under different discharge conditions, e.g., pressure, current density, and electrode temperature. Apparently, relative deposition rates were reported for only two members of that series (ET, x = 4, and TFE, x = 0) for which the plasma polymerizations were conducted under identical conditions. We now present relative deposition rates for both homopolymerizations and copolymerizations of the entire series of fluorinated ethylenes (x = 0-4). Our interest in such rates stems from prior work on the plasma copolymerization of ET and TFE in which it was found that the deposition rates for the plasma copolymers, when plotted versus mol % TFE in the ET/TFE feed stock, followed a concave-downward curve situated above the straight line joining the deposition rates for the plasma homopolymers. This type of plot (observed also for an argon-ET/TFE plasma copolymerization) indicated a positive interaction between ET and TFE such that each monomer apparently "sensitized" the plasma copolymerization of the other. Since the shape of that plot is not altered if mol % TFE is replaced by F/C, the fluorine-to-carbon ratio, this paper aims (1) to show how the relative deposition rates for plasma copolymers drawn from all pairs of monomers in the C2HxF4-x series, as well as the deposition rates for the individual plasma homopolymers, vary with F/C ratios of the monomers or monomer blends, and (2) to see if those rates give rise to a common plot.

Xp11.2 Translocation renal cell carcinomas have a poorer prognosis than non-Xp11.2 translocation carcinomas in children and young adults: a meta-analysis.

PubMed

Qiu Rao; Bing Guan; Zhou, Xiao-jun

2010-12-01

Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) in children and adolescents are much rarer than in adults. In this age group, Xp11.2 translocation RCCs were the most common subtype of pediatric RCCs. Information regarding the clinical behavior of pediatric RCCs remains controversial because of their relatively rare incidence. The authors aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to better define the biological features of pediatric RCCs. Eligible studies were identified through multiple search strategies. Studies were assessed for quality using the Jadad Quality Scale. Data were collected comparing overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and stage in patients with TFE3 + pediatric RCCs and TFE3 - RCCs. A total of 4 studies were included for meta-analysis, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. The meta-analysis outcomes showed that TFE3 + pediatric RCCs were significantly associated with poorer outcomes (OS and DFS) and a higher stage (III/IV) than TFE3 - RCCs (pooled ORs for each group: 4.59 [95% CI = 1.46-14.42] for OS; 5.79 [95% CI = 1.85-18.16] for DFS; and 5.89 [95% CI = 2.23-15.52] for stage). This result was also confirmed by OS and DFS curves (P = .005 and P = .001). Xp11.2 translocation carcinomas appear to have a poorer prognosis than non-Xp11.2 translocation carcinomas in children and young adults.

Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Xp11.2 Translocation/TFE3 Gene Fusion: A Rare Case Report with Review of the Literature.

PubMed

Ahluwalia, Puneet; Nair, Balagopal; Kumar, Ginil

2013-01-01

Introduction. The recently recognized renal cell carcinomas associated with Xp11.2 translocations are rare tumors predominantly reported in children. Chromosome Xp11.2 translocation results in gene fusion related to transcription factor E3 (TFE3) that plays an important role in proliferation and survival. Case Report. Herein, we present two cases of a TFE3 translocation-associated RCC in young female adults, one detected incidentally and the other one presenting with gross hematuria. Tumor is characterized by immunohistochemistry and a literature review with optimal treatment regimen is presented. Discussion. Xp11.2 translocation RCCs in adult patients are associated with advanced stages, large tumors, and extracapsular disease and usually have an aggressive clinical course. Conclusion. In TFE3 RCC, the genetic background may not only contribute to tumorigenesis, but also determine the response to chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Therefore it is necessary to diagnose this tumor entity accurately. Because of the small number of TFE3 gene fusion-related renal tumors described in the literature, the exact biologic behavior and impact of current treatment modalities remain to be uncertain.

Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Xp11.2 Translocation/TFE3 Gene Fusion: A Rare Case Report with Review of the Literature

PubMed Central

Ahluwalia, Puneet; Nair, Balagopal; Kumar, Ginil

2013-01-01

Introduction. The recently recognized renal cell carcinomas associated with Xp11.2 translocations are rare tumors predominantly reported in children. Chromosome Xp11.2 translocation results in gene fusion related to transcription factor E3 (TFE3) that plays an important role in proliferation and survival. Case Report. Herein, we present two cases of a TFE3 translocation-associated RCC in young female adults, one detected incidentally and the other one presenting with gross hematuria. Tumor is characterized by immunohistochemistry and a literature review with optimal treatment regimen is presented. Discussion. Xp11.2 translocation RCCs in adult patients are associated with advanced stages, large tumors, and extracapsular disease and usually have an aggressive clinical course. Conclusion. In TFE3 RCC, the genetic background may not only contribute to tumorigenesis, but also determine the response to chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Therefore it is necessary to diagnose this tumor entity accurately. Because of the small number of TFE3 gene fusion-related renal tumors described in the literature, the exact biologic behavior and impact of current treatment modalities remain to be uncertain. PMID:24455396

Renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion: radiological findings mimicking papillary subtype.

PubMed

Kato, Hiroki; Kanematsu, Masayuki; Yokoi, Shigeaki; Miwa, Kousei; Horie, Kengo; Deguchi, Takashi; Hirose, Yoshinobu

2011-01-01

The authors describe the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of an 18-year-old man with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with the Xp11.2 translocation/transcription factor E3 (TFE3) gene fusion (Xp11 translocation carcinoma). The lesion was hyperdense on unenhanced CT, hypovascular on contrast-enhanced studies, hypointense on T2-weighted MR images, and hemosiderin deposition was suspected on phase-shift gradient-echo MR images. Histopathological specimens revealed pathological findings resembling papillary RCC predominantly and exhibited immunoreactivity for TFE3. Because there is often considerable morphological overlap between this carcinoma and papillary RCC, the imaging findings of Xp11 translocation carcinoma may be similar to those of the papillary subtype. Therefore, Xp11 translocation carcinoma should be considered, particularly in young patients when radiologic images demonstrate a renal tumor mimicking the papillary subtype. Copyright © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Corona Discharge Suppression in Negative Ion Mode Nanoelectrospray Ionization via Trifluoroethanol Addition.

PubMed

McClory, Phillip J; Håkansson, Kristina

2017-10-03

Negative ion mode nanoelectrospray ionization (nESI) is often utilized to analyze acidic compounds, from small molecules to proteins, with mass spectrometry (MS). Under high aqueous solvent conditions, corona discharge is commonly observed at emitter tips, resulting in low ion abundances and reduced nESI needle lifetimes. We have successfully reduced corona discharge in negative ion mode by trace addition of trifluoroethanol (TFE) to aqueous samples. The addition of as little as 0.2% TFE increases aqueous spray stability not only in nESI direct infusion, but also in nanoflow liquid chromatography (nLC)/MS experiments. Negative ion mode spray stability with 0.2% TFE is approximately 6× higher than for strictly aqueous samples. Upon addition of 0.2% TFE to the mobile phase of nLC/MS experiments, tryptic peptide identifications increased from 93 to 111 peptides, resulting in an average protein sequence coverage increase of 18%.

Hydrogen bond docking preference in furans: Osbnd H ⋯ π vs. Osbnd H ⋯ O

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Xiaotong; Tsona, Narcisse T.; Tang, Shanshan; Du, Lin

2018-02-01

The docking sites of hydrogen bonds in complexes formed between 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), furan (Fu), and 2-methyl furan (MF) have been investigated. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, gas phase and matrix isolation FTIR spectroscopies, the strengths of Osbnd H ⋯ O and Osbnd H ⋯ π hydrogen bonds in the complexes were compared to find the docking preference. Calculations suggest that the hydrogen bond donor, TFE, is more likely to dock onto the oxygen atom of the aromatic furans ring, and consequently, the Osbnd H ⋯ O type hydrogen bond is relatively stronger than the Osbnd H ⋯ π type. The FTIR spectrum in the OH-stretching fundamental range obtained at room temperatures has been compared with that obtained at extremely low temperatures in the matrix. The fundamental and the red shifts of OH-stretching vibrations were observed in both FTIR spectra, confirming the formation of hydrogen bonded complexes. By assessing the ability of furan and MF to participate in the formation of Osbnd H ⋯ O hydrogen bond, the effect of ring methylation has been highlighted. From the calculated geometric and thermodynamic parameters as well as the frequency shift of the OH-stretching vibrations in complexes, TFE-MF is found to be more stable than TFE-Fu, which suggests that the strength of the Osbnd H ⋯ O hydrogen bond in TFE-MF originates from the high activity of the furan molecule caused by the methylation of the aromatic ring. The present study furthers the knowledge of docking preference in heteroaromatic molecules and is helpful to understand the nature of intermolecular interactions between hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, including both electron-deficient atoms and π cloud.

Comparison of methane emission estimates from multiple measurement techniques at natural gas production pads

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bell, Clay Samuel; Vaughn, Timothy L.; Zimmerle, Daniel

This study presents the results of a campaign that estimated methane emissions at 268 gas production facilities in the Fayetteville shale gas play using onsite measurements (261 facilities) and two downwind methods - the dual tracer flux ratio method (Tracer Facility Estimate - TFE, 17 facilities) and the EPA Other Test Method 33a (OTM33A Facility Estimate - OFE, 50 facilities). A study onsite estimate (SOE) for each facility was developed by combining direct measurements and simulation of unmeasured emission sources, using operator activity data and emission data from literature. The SOE spans 0-403 kg/h and simulated methane emissions from liquidmore » unloadings account for 88% of total emissions estimated by the SOE, with 76% (95% CI [51%-92%]) contributed by liquid unloading at two facilities. TFE and SOE show overlapping 95% CI between individual estimates at 15 of 16 (94%) facilities where the measurements were paired, while OFE and SOE show overlapping 95% CI between individual estimates at 28 of 43 (65%) facilities. However, variance-weighted least-squares (VWLS) regressions performed on sets of paired estimates indicate statistically significant differences between methods. The SOE represents a lower bound of emissions at facilities where onsite direct measurements of continuously emitting sources are the primary contributor to the SOE, a sub-selection of facilities which minimizes expected inter-method differences for intermittent pneumatic controllers and the impact of episodically-emitting unloadings. At 9 such facilities, VWLS indicates that TFE estimates systematically higher emissions than SOE (TFE-to-SOE ratio = 1.6, 95% CI [1.2 to 2.1]). At 20 such facilities, VWLS indicates that OFE estimates systematically lower emissions than SOE (OFE-to-SOE ratio of 0.41 [0.26 to 0.90]). Given that SOE at these facilities is a lower limit on emissions, these results indicate that OFE is likely a less accurate method than SOE or TFE for this type of facility.« less

Comparison of methane emission estimates from multiple measurement techniques at natural gas production pads

DOE PAGES

Bell, Clay Samuel; Vaughn, Timothy L.; Zimmerle, Daniel; ...

2017-02-09

This study presents the results of a campaign that estimated methane emissions at 268 gas production facilities in the Fayetteville shale gas play using onsite measurements (261 facilities) and two downwind methods - the dual tracer flux ratio method (Tracer Facility Estimate - TFE, 17 facilities) and the EPA Other Test Method 33a (OTM33A Facility Estimate - OFE, 50 facilities). A study onsite estimate (SOE) for each facility was developed by combining direct measurements and simulation of unmeasured emission sources, using operator activity data and emission data from literature. The SOE spans 0-403 kg/h and simulated methane emissions from liquidmore » unloadings account for 88% of total emissions estimated by the SOE, with 76% (95% CI [51%-92%]) contributed by liquid unloading at two facilities. TFE and SOE show overlapping 95% CI between individual estimates at 15 of 16 (94%) facilities where the measurements were paired, while OFE and SOE show overlapping 95% CI between individual estimates at 28 of 43 (65%) facilities. However, variance-weighted least-squares (VWLS) regressions performed on sets of paired estimates indicate statistically significant differences between methods. The SOE represents a lower bound of emissions at facilities where onsite direct measurements of continuously emitting sources are the primary contributor to the SOE, a sub-selection of facilities which minimizes expected inter-method differences for intermittent pneumatic controllers and the impact of episodically-emitting unloadings. At 9 such facilities, VWLS indicates that TFE estimates systematically higher emissions than SOE (TFE-to-SOE ratio = 1.6, 95% CI [1.2 to 2.1]). At 20 such facilities, VWLS indicates that OFE estimates systematically lower emissions than SOE (OFE-to-SOE ratio of 0.41 [0.26 to 0.90]). Given that SOE at these facilities is a lower limit on emissions, these results indicate that OFE is likely a less accurate method than SOE or TFE for this type of facility.« less

Molecular-genetic analysis is essential for accurate classification of renal carcinoma resembling Xp11.2 translocation carcinoma.

PubMed

Hayes, Malcolm; Peckova, Kvetoslava; Martinek, Petr; Hora, Milan; Kalusova, Kristyna; Straka, Lubomir; Daum, Ondrej; Kokoskova, Bohuslava; Rotterova, Pavla; Pivovarčikova, Kristyna; Branzovsky, Jindrich; Dubova, Magdalena; Vesela, Pavla; Michal, Michal; Hes, Ondrej

2015-03-01

Xp11.2-translocation renal carcinoma (TRCC) is suspected when a renal carcinoma occurs in young patients, patients with a prior history of exposure to chemotherapy and when the neoplasm has morphological features suggestive of that entity. We retrieved 20 renal tumours (from 17,500 archival cases) of which morphology arose suspicion for TRCC. In nine cases, TFE3 translocation was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis. In 9 of the remaining 11 TRCC-like cases (7 male, 4 female, aged 22-84 years), material was available for further study. The morphological spectrum was diverse. Six tumours showed a mixture of cells with eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm in tubular, acinar and papillary architecture. One case was high grade with epithelioid, spindle cell and sarcomatoid areas. Another showed tubular, solid, and papillary areas and foci containing spindle cells reminiscent of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma. The third showed dyscohesive nests of large epithelioid and histiocytoid cells in a background of dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. By immunohistochemistry, keratin AE1/AE3 was diffusely positive in three tumours, while CK7 strongly stained one tumour and another focally and weakly. CD10 and Pax8 were expressed by eight, AMACR and vimentin by seven, CA-IX by four and TFE3 and cathepsin K by two tumours. Of the two TFE3-positive tumours, one showed polysomy of chromosome 7 and the other of 17; they were VHL normal and diagnosed as unclassifiable RCC. Of the seven TFE3-negative tumours, three showed polysomy of 7/17 and VHL abnormality and were diagnosed as combined clear cell RCC/papillary RCC. One TFE3-negative tumour with normal 7/17 but LOH 3p (VHL abnormality) was diagnosed as clear cell RCC. One TFE3-negative tumour with polysomy 7/17 but normal VHL was diagnosed as papillary RCC, and two with normal chromosomes 7/17 and VHL gene were considered unclassifiable. As morphological features and IHC are heterogeneous, TRCC-like renal tumours can only be sub-classified accurately by multi-parameter molecular-genetic analysis.

Update of Aircraft Profile Data for the Integrated Noise Model Computer Program. Volume 1. Final Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-03-01

general aviation 53 Cop. Fleet 1985 BUSINESS JET 1i F turbojet & turbofan 55 Gates LEAR 25 CJ610-8 1 E,F 54 Gates LEAR 36 TFE731 -2 3 E,F...Cessna CI1 3 TFE731 -3-1005 3 * E,F 60 Mitsubishi MU300-10 J3I1D-4 3 E,F 58 Canadair CL600 ALFSO2L 3 E, 61 Canadair CL601 CF34-3A 3 E,F 62 Israel A/C ASIRA...1125 TFE731 -3A 3 EF S.. ... .. ... ... .. . .. ... .............. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --I.....- -- --- -- - - -------.-- -- - - -- - 4

BASEOPS Default Profiles for Civil Aircraft

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-01

CXMPOSITE GA JET ............................. A-53 LEXR35 GATES LEAR 35/ TFE731 ......................... A-54 LEAR25 GATES LEAR 25/CJ610...BUS JET YES 54 LEAR35 GATES LEAR 35/ TFE731 JGA TF7312 895 INM54 LEARJET-35 YES 55 LEAR25 GATES LEAR 25/CJ610 JGA CJ610 893 INM55 LEARJET 25 YES 56...180 180 180 180 0 0 0 54 LEAR35 GATES LEAR 35/ TFE731 JGA 23 TF7312 38 181 181 181 181 181 0 0 55 LEAR25 GATES LEAR 25/CJ610 JGA 22 CJ610 39 182 182

Implications of Requiring New Production of Older Aircraft Types (less than 75,000 pounds) to Meet Amended Noise Standards.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-01

ratio CF700 engine, do not qualify, but in each case the producer has plans for, or is delivering a model using the TFE731 engine that does qualify. CF700...the size range, namely, the Learjets using the CJ610 engine and the Gulfstream 3 using the Spey. All medium-sized jets using the TFE731 are quieter...very few engines available for aircraft in each size range: the JT15 and CJ610 for small aircraft, the CF700, ATF3, and TFE731 for medium aircraft and

Transcriptional control of the autophagy-lysosome system in pancreatic cancer

PubMed Central

Perera, Rushika M.; Stoykova, Svetlana; Nicolay, Brandon N.; Ross, Kenneth N.; Fitamant, Julien; Boukhali, Myriam; Lengrand, Justine; Deshpande, Vikram; Selig, Martin K.; Ferrone, Cristina R.; Settleman, Jeff; Stephanopoulos, Gregory; Dyson, Nicholas J.; Zoncu, Roberto; Ramaswamy, Sridhar; Haas, Wilhelm; Bardeesy, Nabeel

2016-01-01

Activation of cellular stress response pathways to maintain metabolic homeostasis is emerging as a critical growth and survival mechanism in many cancers1. The pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) requires high levels of autophagy2–4, a conserved self-degradative process5. However, the regulatory circuits that activate autophagy and reprogram PDA cell metabolism are unknown. We now show that autophagy induction in PDA occurs as part of a broader transcriptional program that coordinates activation of lysosome biogenesis and function, and nutrient scavenging, mediated by the MiT/TFE family transcription factors. In PDA cells, the MiT/TFE proteins6 – MITF, TFE3 and TFEB – are decoupled from regulatory mechanisms that control their cytoplasmic retention. Increased nuclear import in turn drives the expression of a coherent network of genes that induce high levels of lysosomal catabolic function essential for PDA growth. Unbiased global metabolite profiling reveals that MiT/TFE-dependent autophagy-lysosomal activation is specifically required to maintain intracellular amino acid (AA) pools. These results identify the MiT/TFE transcription factors as master regulators of metabolic reprogramming in pancreatic cancer and demonstrate activation of clearance pathways converging on the lysosome as a novel hallmark of aggressive malignancy. PMID:26168401

An Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma with SMARCB1 (INI1) inactivation in adult end-stage renal disease: a case report.

PubMed

Yu, Lu; Li, Jun; Xu, Sanpeng; Navia Miranda, Mariajose; Wang, Guoping; Duan, Yaqi

2016-10-12

Xp11.2 translocation/transcription factor E3 (TFE3) rearrangement renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare subtype of RCC with limited clinical and pathological data. Here we present an unusual high-grade Xp11.2 translocation RCC with a rhabdoid feature and SMARCB1 (INI1) inactivation in a 40-year-old man with end-stage kidney disease. The histological examination of the dissected left renal tumor showed an organoid architecture of the eosinophilic or clear neoplastic cells with necrosis and high mitotic activity. In some areas, non-adhesive tumor cells with eccentric nuclei were observed. Immunohistochemically (IHC), the tumor cells are positive for TFE3 and the renal tubular markers (PAX2 and PAX8), and completely negative for SMARCB1, an oncosuppressor protein. Break-apart florescence in situ hybridization and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed TFE3 rearrangement on Xp11.2 and the presence of ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion gene. DNA sequencing revealed a frameshift mutation in exon 4 of SMARCB1 gene. It is important to recognize this rare RCC with both TFE3 rearrangement and SMARCB1 inactivation, as the prognosis and therapeutic strategies, particularly targeted therapies for such tumors, might be different.

A study to estimate and compare the total particulate matter emission indices (EIN) between traditional jet fuel and two blends of Jet A/Camelina biofuel used in a high by-pass turbofan engine: A case study of Honeywell TFE-109 engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shila, Jacob Joshua Howard

The aviation industry is expected to grow at an annual rate of 5% until the year 2031 according to Boeing Outlook Report of 2012. Although the aerospace manufacturers have introduced new aircraft and engines technologies to reduce the emissions generated by aircraft engines, about 15% of all aircraft in 2032 will be using the older technologies. Therefore, agencies such as the National Aeronautics and Astronautics Administration (NASA), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) among others together with some academic institutions have been working to characterize both physical and chemical characteristics of the aircraft particulate matter emissions to further understand their effects to the environment. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is also working to establish an inventory with Particulate Matter emissions for all the aircraft turbine engines for certification purposes. This steps comes as a result of smoke measurements not being sufficient to provide detailed information on the effects of Particulate Matter (PM) emissions as far as the health and environmental concerns. The use of alternative fuels is essential to reduce the impacts of emissions released by Jet engines since alternative aviation fuels have been studied to lower particulate matter emissions in some types of engines families. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the emission indices of the biofuel blended fuels were lower than the emission indices of the traditional jet fuel at selected engine thrust settings. The biofuel blends observed were 75% Jet A-25% Camelina blend biofuel, and 50% Jet A-50% Jet A blend biofuel. The traditional jet fuel in this study was the Jet A fuel. The results of this study may be useful in establishing a baseline for aircraft engines' PM inventory. Currently the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) engines emissions database contains only gaseous emissions data for only the TFE 731 and JT15D engines' families as representatives of other engines with rated thrust of 6000 pounds or below. The results of this study may be used to add to the knowledge of PM emission data that has been collected in other research studies. This study was quantitative in nature. Three factors were designated which were the types of fuels studied. The TFE-109 turbofan engine was the experimental subject. The independent variable was the engine thrust setting while the response variable was the emission index. Four engine runs were conducted for each fuel. In each engine run, four engine thrust settings were observed. The four engine thrust levels were 10%, 30%, 85%, and 100% rated thrusts levels. Therefore, for each engine thrust settings, there four replicates. The experiments were conducted using a TFE-109 engine test cell located in the Niswonger Aviation Technology building at the Purdue University Airport. The testing facility has the capability to conduct the aircraft PM emissions tests. Due to the equipment limitations, the study was limited to observe total PM emissions instead of specifically measuring the non-volatile PM emissions. The results indicate that the emissions indices of the blended biofuels were not statistically significantly lower compared to the emissions of the traditional jet fuel at rated thrust levels of 100% and 85% of TFE-109 turbofan engine. However, the emission indices for the 50%Jet A - 50%Camelina biofuel blend were statistically significantly lower compared to the emission indices of the 100% Jet A fuel at 10% and 30% engine rated thrusts levels of TFE-109 engine. The emission indices of the 50%-50% biofuel blend were lower by reductions of 15% and 17% at engine rated thrusts of 10% and 30% respectively compared to the emissions indices of the traditional jet fuel at the same engine thrust levels. Experimental modifications in future studies may provide estimates of the emissions indices range for this particular engine these estimates may be used to estimate the levels of PM emissions for other similar engines. Additional measurements steps such as heating of the sampling line, sampling dilution application, sampling line loss estimates, and calculations of the sampling line PM residence times will also be useful future results.

Statistics on Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Rotor Failures That Occurred in U.S. Commercial Aviation during 1987

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

17C, 15 NFG 1.7939 CFMI CFM56 0 NC, 3 C, 11 NFG 1.5600 : GARRETT TFE731 .0 NC, 2C, 2 NFG 1.4643 ALSN 250C 1 NC, 11 C, 20 NFG 1.3349 RR RS211 0 NC. 4...10 14 3.0 0.0 7.5 10.5 PW2037/2040 111 0.3206 4 0 0 4 12.5 0.0 0.0 12.5 SPEY 178 0.3573 6 0 5 11 16.8 0.0 14.0 30.8 TFE731 3697 1.5600 2 0 2 4 1.3 0.0...JT15D/No.1 F D 7 NC 3 870609136 GL62 550 JT15D T B 7 C 10 870930017 GL62 LEAR 35 TFE731 T B 7 C 1 870908097 GL19 G50 TFE731 T B 7 C 5 870421035 GL08 LEAR

Statistics on Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Rotor Failures That Occurred in U.S. Commercial Aviation During 1989

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-06-01

CF6 920 2.9464 5 2 3 10 1.70 0.68 1.02 3.39 P.8211 412 1.2878 6 0 6 12 4.66 0.00 4.66 9.32 PW2037/2040 218 0.4853 3 0 3 6 6.18 0.00 6.18 12.36 TFE731 ...SRAA L382 501 T N 7 N 4 S-90021200109 SRAA 1382 501 C N 3 N 3 S-890509033 NMO1 L35A TFE731 T B 7 C 5 S-891019049 EA21 135 TFE731 C N 2 N 5 S-890301001...BKXA L35A TFE731 T N 7 N 4 A-890818049979C CE03 DC9 JT8D/1 T B 7 NC 4 A-890624033059C EA27 B727 JT8D/2 C D 7 NC 3 A-890719023719B CE01 DCIO CF6/2 F D 7

Development of low-cost directionally-solidified turbine blades

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoppin, G. S., III; Fujii, M.; Sink, L. W.

1980-01-01

A low-cost directionally solidified (DS) casting of turbine blades of high stress rupture is discussed. The process uses an exothermically heated mold; a newly designed solid blade was cast for the high-pressure turbine of the TFE731-3 turbofan engine. Ni-based alloys Mar-M 247 and Mar-M 200 + Hf were used. The solid DS blade replaced a conventionally cast IN100 component; a 40% cost saving is expected, with a 2.4% reduction in the takeoff specific fuel consumption. The DS Mar-M 247 blade has been selected for production in the TFE731-3B-100, and advanced version of the TFE731-3.

A case study of metastatic Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma effectively treated with sunitinib.

PubMed

Numakura, Kazuyuki; Tsuchiya, Norihiko; Yuasa, Takeshi; Saito, Mitsuru; Obara, Takashi; Tsuruta, Hiroshi; Narita, Shintaro; Horikawa, Yohei; Satoh, Shigeru; Habuchi, Tomonori

2011-10-01

We report a case of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) whose lung metastases were effectively treated with sunitinib. A 43-year-old woman presenting with upper abdominal pain was diagnosed with a left renal tumor. Laparoscopic left radical nephrectomy was performed. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen revealed a clear-cell carcinoma of the left kidney. Two years later, multiple lung metastases were detected and the patient was treated daily with 50 mg sunitinib. A computed tomography scan performed after 2 cycles of sunitinib treatment revealed partial regression of these metastases. The partial regression has been maintained for >3 years. In retrospective evaluation of the primary RCC, tumor cells showed strong nuclear staining for transcription factor E3 (TFE3) protein and TFE3 split-fluorescence in-situ hybridization revealed translocation involving the TFE3 gene. These findings strongly support diagnosis of Xp11.2 translocation RCC.

Effect of encapsulation technology on organic light emitting diode lifetime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhong, Jian; Gao, Zhuo; Gao, Juan; Dai, Ke; Chen, Jiule

2012-03-01

A kind of green organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) was prepared via vacuum thermal evaporation, of which the multilayer structure was indium-tin oxide (ITO)/copper-phthalocyanine (CuPc) (200 Å)/ N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)- N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine ( α-NPD) (600 Å)/ N'-diphenyl- N,N'-tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq3) (400 Å):10-(2-benzothiazolyl)-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1 H,5 H,11 H-(l)benzopyropyrano(6,7,8- i, j)quinolizin-11-one (C545T) (2%)/Alq3 (200 Å)/LiF (10 Å)/Al (1000 Å). And we used both traditional glass encapsulation and thin film encapsulation (TFE) technologies to protect the device, reducing impact of vapor and oxygen. Organic film offered an excellent surface morphology, while inorganic film was nearly a perfect barrier to vapor and oxygen. Both of them constituted the encapsulation unit of TFE. According to the results of acceleration life test, the operation lifetime of device using TFE was 22% less than that of device using traditional glass cap encapsulation. So, the technology of TFE should be optimized further, and the quality of TFE needs a great improvement. There is a long way to go and a lot of hard work before realizing flexible display with OLED, but the dream will be true one day.

Type IV Effector Proteins Involved in the Medicago-Sinorhizobium Symbiosis.

PubMed

Nelson, Matthew S; Chun, Chan Lan; Sadowsky, Michael J

2017-01-01

In this study, we investigated genetic elements of the type IV secretion system (T4SS) found in Sinorhizobium spp. and the role they play in symbiosis. Sinorhizobium meliloti and S. medicae each contain a putative T4SS similar to that used by Agrobacterium tumefaciens during pathogenesis. The Cre reporter assay for translocation system was used to validate potential effector proteins. Both S. meliloti and S. medicae contained the effector protein TfeA, which was translocated into the host plant. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of a nod box involved in transcriptional activation of symbiosis-related genes, upstream of the transcriptional regulator (virG) in the Sinorhizobium T4SS. Replicate quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses indicated that luteolin, released by roots and seeds of Medicago truncatula, upregulated transcription of tfeA and virG. Mutations in the T4SS apparatus or tfeA alone resulted in reduced numbers of nodules formed on M. truncatula genotypes. In addition, S. meliloti KH46c, which contains a deletion in the T4SS, was less competitive for nodule formation when coinoculated with an equal number of cells of the wild-type strain. To our knowledge, TfeA is the first T4SS effector protein identified in Sinorhizobium spp. Our results indicate that Sinorhizobium i) uses a T4SS during initiation of symbiosis with Medicago spp., and ii) alters Medicago cells in planta during symbiosis. This study also offers additional bioinformatic evidence that several different rhizobial species may use the T4SS in symbiosis with other legumes.

An Application of Quality Control Theory to Vendor-Supplied Parts at an Aerospace Manufacturing Company.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-08-01

presently used on the ATF3-6, TFE731 -2, -3, TPE331, GTCP660 and TSCP700 engines. Substantiation Metallurgical V Testing Tnstructions Control Part Name Part... TFE731 -2, -3 Fan 3072162 Ti-6-4 5001 C1.-2 L’$S52458 1st Stg.Comp. 3072193 Ti-6-4 5001 C1.-l AF5395 2nd Stg.Comp. 3072191 Ti-6-4 5001 CI.-I AF5395 W...Control Part Nam~e Part No. material (STIT~eouirernents Specification TFE731 -2, -3 4th Stg.Conp. 3072.93 Ti-6-4 5001 C1.-1 AF5395 HP Comp. 3072639 Ti-6-2

Solvent organization around the perfluoro group of coumarin 153 governs its photophysical properties: An experimental and simulation study of coumarin dyes in ethanol as well as fluorinated ethanol solvents.

PubMed

Mondal, Saptarsi; Halder, Ritaban; Biswas, Biswajit; Jana, Biman; Singh, Prashant Chandra

2016-05-14

The self-aggregation property of the perfluoro group containing molecules makes it important in the research fields of biology and polymer and organic synthesis. In the quest of understanding the role of the perfluoro group on the photophysical properties of perfluoro-containing molecules in biologically important fluoroethanol solvents, we have applied photophysical as well as molecular dynamics simulation techniques to explore the properties of perfluoro groups containing molecule coumarin-153 (C153) in ethanol (ETH), monofluoroethanol (MFE), difluoroethanol (DFE), and trifluoroethanol (TFE) and compared them with the molecules without perfluoro moiety, namely coumarin-6H (C6H) and coumarin-480 (C480). In contrast to C6H and C480, the excited state lifetime of C153 in fluorinated ETHs is not monotonic. The excited state lifetime of C153 decreases in MFE and DFE as compared to ETH, whereas in TFE, it increases as compared to MFE and DFE. Molecular dynamics simulation reveals that the carbon terminal away from the OH group of fluorinated ETHs has a preferential orientation near the perfluoro (CF3) group of C153. In MFE and DFE, the CF3 group of C153 prefers to have a CF2-F⋯H -(CHF) type of electrostatic interaction over CF2-F⋯F -(CH2) kind of dispersion interaction which increases the rate of nonradiative decay, probably due to the electrostatic nature of the CF2-F⋯H -(CHF) hydrogen bond. On the other hand, in TFE, C-F⋯ F-C type of dispersion interaction, also known as fluorous interaction, takes place between the CF3 groups of C153 and TFE which decreases the rate of nonradiative rate as compared to MFE and DFE, leading to the increased lifetime of C153 in TFE. Photophysical and MD simulation studies clearly depict that the structural organization of solvents and their interaction with the fluorocarbon group are crucial factors for the photophysical behavior of the fluorocarbon containing molecules.

Solvent organization around the perfluoro group of coumarin 153 governs its photophysical properties: An experimental and simulation study of coumarin dyes in ethanol as well as fluorinated ethanol solvents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mondal, Saptarsi; Halder, Ritaban; Biswas, Biswajit; Jana, Biman; Singh, Prashant Chandra

2016-05-01

The self-aggregation property of the perfluoro group containing molecules makes it important in the research fields of biology and polymer and organic synthesis. In the quest of understanding the role of the perfluoro group on the photophysical properties of perfluoro-containing molecules in biologically important fluoroethanol solvents, we have applied photophysical as well as molecular dynamics simulation techniques to explore the properties of perfluoro groups containing molecule coumarin-153 (C153) in ethanol (ETH), monofluoroethanol (MFE), difluoroethanol (DFE), and trifluoroethanol (TFE) and compared them with the molecules without perfluoro moiety, namely coumarin-6H (C6H) and coumarin-480 (C480). In contrast to C6H and C480, the excited state lifetime of C153 in fluorinated ETHs is not monotonic. The excited state lifetime of C153 decreases in MFE and DFE as compared to ETH, whereas in TFE, it increases as compared to MFE and DFE. Molecular dynamics simulation reveals that the carbon terminal away from the OH group of fluorinated ETHs has a preferential orientation near the perfluoro (CF3) group of C153. In MFE and DFE, the CF3 group of C153 prefers to have a CF2—F⋯H —(CHF) type of electrostatic interaction over CF2—F⋯F —(CH2) kind of dispersion interaction which increases the rate of nonradiative decay, probably due to the electrostatic nature of the CF2—F⋯H —(CHF) hydrogen bond. On the other hand, in TFE, C—F⋯ F—C type of dispersion interaction, also known as fluorous interaction, takes place between the CF3 groups of C153 and TFE which decreases the rate of nonradiative rate as compared to MFE and DFE, leading to the increased lifetime of C153 in TFE. Photophysical and MD simulation studies clearly depict that the structural organization of solvents and their interaction with the fluorocarbon group are crucial factors for the photophysical behavior of the fluorocarbon containing molecules.

Cu(I)-Catalyzed Pentafluoroethylation of Aryl Iodides in the Presence of Tetrafluoroethylene and Cesium Fluoride: Determining the Route to Key Pentafluoroethyl Cu(I) Intermediate.

PubMed

Ohashi, Masato; Ishida, Naoyoshi; Ando, Kota; Hashimoto, Yu; Shigaki, Anna; Kikushima, Kotaro; Ogoshi, Sensuke

2018-05-16

The Cu(I)-catalyzed pentafluoroethylation of iodoarenes via the fluorocupration of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) is disclosed. The active species, (phen)CuC₂F₅, was isolated and its molecular structure confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The key to the successful suppression of the competing oligomerization of TFE is to refrain from stirring the reaction mixture. A mechanistic study clearly discarded the possibility that the catalytic reaction proceeds via a radical pathway. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

77 FR 51892 - Airworthiness Directives; Honeywell International Inc. Turbofan Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-28

... Airworthiness Directives; Honeywell International Inc. Turbofan Engines AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration... Honeywell International Inc. models TFE731-4, -4R, -5, -5R, -5AR, and - 5BR series turbofan engines. This AD... International Inc.: (1) Model TFE731-5 series turbofan engines, with a first stage low-pressure turbine (LPT1...

Engine Inlet Anti-Icing System Evaluation Procedure

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

Content: Approximately 0.5 to 2.0 g/m3 Median Droplet Size: 11 to 20 Um Airspeed capability with the TFE731 nacelle installed was approximately 240 KTAS...employed for icing tests was adapted from a full-scale nacelle for the Garret-AiResearch Corporation TFE731 -2 turbofan engine. Modification to the nacelle

Constructing Hierarchical Tectorum-like α-Fe2 O3 /PPy Nanoarrays on Carbon Cloth for Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

PubMed

Wang, Libin; Yang, Huiling; Liu, Xiaoxiao; Zeng, Rui; Li, Ming; Huang, Yunhui; Hu, Xianluo

2017-01-19

The design of complex heterostructured electrode materials that deliver superior electrochemical performances to their individual counterparts has stimulated intensive research on configuring supercapacitors with high energy and power densities. Herein we fabricate hierarchical tectorum-like α-Fe 2 O 3 /polypyrrole (PPy) nanoarrays (T-Fe 2 O 3 /PPy NAs). The 3D, and interconnected T-Fe 2 O 3 /PPy NAs are successfully grown on conductive carbon cloth through an easy self-sacrificing template and in situ vapor-phase polymerization route under mild conditions. The electrode made of the T-Fe 2 O 3 /PPy NAs exhibits a high areal capacitance of 382.4 mF cm -2 at a current density of 0.5 mA cm -2 and excellent reversibility. The solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor consisting of T-Fe 2 O 3 /PPy NAs and MnO 2 electrodes achieves a high energy density of 0.22 mWh cm -3 at a power density of 165.6 mW cm -3 . © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Temsirolimus in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE gene fusion proteins: a case report and review of literature.

PubMed

Parikh, Jigarkumar; Coleman, Teresa; Messias, Nidia; Brown, James

2009-12-28

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinomas (TRCCs) are a rare family of tumors newly recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2004. These tumors result in the fusion of partner genes to the TFE3 gene located on Xp11.2. They are most common in the pediatric population, but have been recently implicated in adult renal cell carcinoma (RCC) presenting at an early age. TFE3-mediated direct transcriptional upregulation of the Met tyrosine kinase receptor triggers dramatic activation of downstream signaling pathways including the protein kinase B (Akt)/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Temsirolimus is an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, a component of intracellular signaling pathways involved in the growth and proliferation of malignant cells. Here we present a case of a 22-year old female who has been treated with temsirolimus for her Xp11.2/TFE3 gene fusion RCC.

Temsirolimus in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE gene fusion proteins: a case report and review of literature

PubMed Central

Parikh, Jigarkumar; Coleman, Teresa; Messias, Nidia; Brown, James

2009-01-01

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinomas (TRCCs) are a rare family of tumors newly recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2004. These tumors result in the fusion of partner genes to the TFE3 gene located on Xp11.2. They are most common in the pediatric population, but have been recently implicated in adult renal cell carcinoma (RCC) presenting at an early age. TFE3-mediated direct transcriptional upregulation of the Met tyrosine kinase receptor triggers dramatic activation of downstream signaling pathways including the protein kinase B (Akt)/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Temsirolimus is an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, a component of intracellular signaling pathways involved in the growth and proliferation of malignant cells. Here we present a case of a 22-year old female who has been treated with temsirolimus for her Xp11.2/TFE3 gene fusion RCC. PMID:21139932

The cesiator - A device for cesium vapor control and impurity purge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rasor, N. S.; Desplat, J.-L.

A new type of liquid cesium reservoir that maintains a temperature-independent cesium pressure, continuously recirculates cesium vapor through the TFE (thermionic fuel element), and purges it of impurities is discussed. This device, the cesiator, is based on well-established gas-buffered heat pipe principles. The cesiator offers new TFE design options for fission product/impurity handling that eliminate the need for an intercell insulator seal and associated failure modes. Cesiator performance requirements are estimated based on data for expected release of fission products and their effect on TFE performance. The effect of design parameters on cesiator performance is described. Experimentation with an ethanol-metal mock-up revealed an unexpected but desirable mode of operation that autoregulates the pressure drop and flow of vapor in the external circuit and that has been incorporated in the reference design for phase II development. Experimental techniques for measuring the local temperature, pressure, and composition in a condensing vapor were successfully developed. A reference design for a TFE cesiator was defined for prototype design, development, and test.

Folding of the 25 residue Abeta(12-36) peptide in TFE/water: temperature-dependent transition from a funneled free-energy landscape to a rugged one.

PubMed

Kamiya, Narutoshi; Mitomo, Daisuke; Shea, Joan-Emma; Higo, Junichi

2007-05-17

The free-energy landscape of the Alzheimer beta-amyloid peptide Abeta(12-36) in a 40% (v/v) 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE)/water solution was determined by using multicanonical molecular dynamics simulations. Simulations using this enhanced conformational sampling technique were initiated from a random unfolded polypeptide conformation. Our simulations reliably folded the peptide to the experimental NMR structure, which consists of two linked helices. The shape of the free energy landscape for folding was found to be strongly dependent on temperature: Above 325 K, the overall shape was funnel-like, with the bottom of the funnel coinciding exactly with the NMR structure. Below 325 K, on the other hand, the landscape became increasingly rugged, with the emergence of new conformational clusters connected by low free-energy pathways. Finally, our simulations reveal that water and TFE solvate the polypeptide in different ways: The hydrogen bond formation between TFE and Abeta was enhanced with decreasing temperature, while that between water and Abeta was depressed.

Single-Breath-Hold Whole-heart Unenhanced Coronary MRA Using Multi-shot Gradient Echo EPI at 3T: Comparison with Free-breathing Turbo-field-echo Coronary MRA on Healthy Volunteers.

PubMed

Iyama, Yuji; Nakaura, Takeshi; Nagayama, Yasunori; Oda, Seitaro; Utsunomiya, Daisuke; Kidoh, Masafumi; Yuki, Hideaki; Hirata, Kenichiro; Namimoto, Tomohiro; Kitajima, Mika; Morita, Kosuke; Funama, Yoshinori; Takemura, Atsushi; Okuaki, Tomoyuki; Yamashita, Yasuyuki

2018-04-10

We investigated the feasibility of single breath hold unenhanced coronary MRA using multi-shot gradient echo planar imaging (MSG-EPI) on a 3T-scanner. Fourteen volunteers underwent single breath hold coronary MRA with a MSG-EPI and free-breathing turbo field echo (TFE) coronary MRA at 3T. The acquisition time, signal to noise ratio (SNR), and the contrast of the sequences were compared with the paired t-test. Readers evaluated the image contrast, noise, sharpness, artifacts, and the overall image quality. The acquisition time was 88.1% shorter for MSG-EPI than TFE (24.7 ± 2.5 vs 206.4 ± 23.1 sec, P < 0.01). The SNR was significantly higher on MSG-EPI than TFE scans (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the contrast on MSG-EPI and TFE scans (1.8 ± 0.3 vs 1.9 ± 0.3, P = 0.24). There was no significant difference in image contrast, image sharpness, and overall image quality between two scan techniques. The score of image noise and artifact were significantly higher on MSG-EPI than TFE scans (P < 0.05). The single breath hold MSG-EPI sequence is a promising technique for shortening the scan time and for preserving the image quality of unenhanced whole heart coronary MRA on a 3T scanner.

Improved correction for the tissue fraction effect in lung PET/CT imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holman, Beverley F.; Cuplov, Vesna; Millner, Lynn; Hutton, Brian F.; Maher, Toby M.; Groves, Ashley M.; Thielemans, Kris

2015-09-01

Recently, there has been an increased interest in imaging different pulmonary disorders using PET techniques. Previous work has shown, for static PET/CT, that air content in the lung influences reconstructed image values and that it is vital to correct for this ‘tissue fraction effect’ (TFE). In this paper, we extend this work to include the blood component and also investigate the TFE in dynamic imaging. CT imaging and PET kinetic modelling are used to determine fractional air and blood voxel volumes in six patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These values are used to illustrate best and worst case scenarios when interpreting images without correcting for the TFE. In addition, the fractional volumes were used to determine correction factors for the SUV and the kinetic parameters. These were then applied to the patient images. The kinetic parameters K1 and Ki along with the static parameter SUV were all found to be affected by the TFE with both air and blood providing a significant contribution to the errors. Without corrections, errors range from 34-80% in the best case and 29-96% in the worst case. In the patient data, without correcting for the TFE, regions of high density (fibrosis) appeared to have a higher uptake than lower density (normal appearing tissue), however this was reversed after air and blood correction. The proposed correction methods are vital for quantitative and relative accuracy. Without these corrections, images may be misinterpreted.

77 FR 51695 - Airworthiness Directives; Honeywell International Inc. Turbofan Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-27

... Airworthiness Directives; Honeywell International Inc. Turbofan Engines AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration... Honeywell International Inc. TFE731-20R, -20AR, -20BR, -40, -40AR, - 40R, -50R, and -60 turbofan engines... Inc. TFE731-20R, -20AR, -20BR, -40, -40AR, -40R, -50R, and -60 turbofan engines: (i) With an engine...

78 FR 42411 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-16

... rear spar, and installation of a TFE sleeve if necessary. This new AD also adds airplanes to the... sources in the auxiliary (center) fuel tank, main fuel tanks, and surge tanks caused by a wiring short or... clamp location on the rear spar, and installation of a TFE sleeve if necessary. The NPRM also proposed...

[A case of xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma].

PubMed

Horie, Kengo; Kikuchi, Mina; Miwa, Kosei; Minamidate, Yuzuru; Yokoi, Shigeaki; Nakano, Masahiro; Deguchi, Takashi; Ehara, Hidetoshi; Asano, Nami; Hirose, Yoshinobu

2011-03-01

Xp11.2/TFE3 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a recently classified distinct subtype, is a rare tumor that usually affects children and adolescents. The morphology and biological behavior are not widely recognized, Xp11.2 translocation RCC is suggestive of early metastases despite the small tumor size. The definitive diagnosis requires the evidence of several different reciprocal translocations involving the TFE3 gene located on chromosome Xp11.2. Here, we present a case of Xp11.2 translocation RCC in an 18-yearold male. He was referred to our hospital because of a right renal tumor with macroscopic hematuria and right flank colic. The radiographic evaluation including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested it to be a typical papillary renal cell carcinoma or benign renal tumor. He underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy against the repeat symptom in spite of small tumor (3.5 cm in diameter). The immunohistochemical study revealed nuclear staining for TFE3 protein in the cancer cells. The urologic and radiologic outcomes were satisfactory after more than 1 year of follow-up.

De-Icing of Aircraft Turbine Engine Inlets

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-01

W0OO Aviona Marcel Dassault TFE731 -3 tirbolan Falcon 50 Avlons Maircel Dsasaau ATF34A Turbolan Falcon 200 Avian* Marcel Dassault ATF3.6 1b.bolan HU25A...Aviana Maemel Dassault TFE731 -4A Turbolan Falcon 900 Avion@ Marcel Dassault J73D 1Ubots 797 Boeing .1110 )Irbotkn 727 Boeing .1750 TUrbolan 737 Boeing

Cardiopulmonary bypass-assisted surgery for the treatment of Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion renal cell carcinoma with a tumor thrombus within the inferior vena cava: A case report.

PubMed

Zhu, Guanchen; Qiu, Xuefeng; Chen, Xianchen; Liu, Guangxiang; Zhang, Gutian; Gan, Weidong; Guo, Hongqian

2015-12-01

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 85-90% of kidney cancers, which in turn account for 2-3% of all malignant tumors in adults. Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion RCC is currently classified as a distinct type of RCC. RCC is capable of invading the renal vein and inferior vena cava to form a tumor thrombus. The incidence of RCC with tumor thrombi within the renal vein or inferior vena cava is 7-10% in China. In the present case report, the patient underwent radical resection of the renal tumor and removal of the tumor thrombus, assisted by cardiopulmonary bypass, for the treatment of Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion RCC. The patient was followed-up for 12 months subsequent to treatment. The patient's renal function remained within the normal range, and computed tomography examination revealed no evidence of disease recurrence or metastases. The present case report aimed to provide a reference for the development of guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion RCC.

Cardiopulmonary bypass-assisted surgery for the treatment of Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion renal cell carcinoma with a tumor thrombus within the inferior vena cava: A case report

PubMed Central

ZHU, GUANCHEN; QIU, XUEFENG; CHEN, XIANCHEN; LIU, GUANGXIANG; ZHANG, GUTIAN; GAN, WEIDONG; GUO, HONGQIAN

2015-01-01

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 85–90% of kidney cancers, which in turn account for 2–3% of all malignant tumors in adults. Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion RCC is currently classified as a distinct type of RCC. RCC is capable of invading the renal vein and inferior vena cava to form a tumor thrombus. The incidence of RCC with tumor thrombi within the renal vein or inferior vena cava is 7–10% in China. In the present case report, the patient underwent radical resection of the renal tumor and removal of the tumor thrombus, assisted by cardiopulmonary bypass, for the treatment of Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion RCC. The patient was followed-up for 12 months subsequent to treatment. The patient's renal function remained within the normal range, and computed tomography examination revealed no evidence of disease recurrence or metastases. The present case report aimed to provide a reference for the development of guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion RCC. PMID:26788164

Update of Aircraft Profile Data for the Integrated Noise Model Computer Program. Volume 3. Appendix B: Aircraft Performance Coefficients

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-03-01

00 Name: LEAR 36/ TFE731 -2 ID: A/C Number 054 AC Type: JGA 2 ENGINES Rated Power: 3500 LB TOFLAP B C RT 1 20 0.438030E-01 0.105985E+01 0.1082240 2 10 0...00 0.OOOOOOE+00 O.OOOOOOE+00 O.OOOOOOE+00 B-28 Name: ASTRA 1125/ TFE731 -3A ID: A/C Number 062 AC Type: JGA 2 ENGINES Rated Power: 3700 LB TOFLAP B C RT...0.OOOOOOE+00 0.OOOOOOE+O0 0.OOOOOOE+00 Kla Klb K2 K3 0.OOOOOOE+00 O.O00000E+00 0.OOOOOOE+00 0.OOOOOOE+00 Name: CIT 3/ TFE731 -3-100S ID: A/C Number 095

Circular dichroism and UV resonance Raman study of the impact of alcohols on the Gibbs free energy landscape of an α-helical peptide†

PubMed Central

Xiong, Kan; Asher, Sanford A

2010-01-01

We used CD and UV resonance Raman spectroscopy to study the impact of alcohols on the conformational equilibria and relative Gibbs free energy landscapes along the Ramanchandran Ψ-coordinate of a mainly poly-ala peptide, AP of sequence AAAAA(AAARA)3A. 2,2,2-trifluroethanol (TFE) most stabilizes the α-helical-like conformations, followed by ethanol, methanol and pure water. The π-bulge conformation is stabilized more than the α-helix, while the 310-helix is destabilized due to the alcohol increased hydrophobicity. Turns are also stabilized by alcohols. We also found that while TFE induces more α-helices, it favors multiple, shorter helix segments. PMID:20225890

Negligible contribution of reservoir dams to organic and inorganic transport in the lower Mimi River, Japan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nukazawa, Kei; Kihara, Kousuke; Suzuki, Yoshihiro

2017-12-01

Rivers fulfill an essential ecological role by forming networks for material transport from upland forests to coastal areas. The way in which dams affect the organic and inorganic cycles in such systems is not well understood. Herein, we investigated the longitudinal profiles of the various components of the water chemistry across three cascade dams in Japan: the Yamasubaru Dam, Saigou Dam, and Ohuchibaru Dam, which are situated along the sediment-productive Mimi River in different flow conditions. We analyzed the following water quality components: suspended solids (SS), turbidity, total iron (TFe), dissolved iron (DFe), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), humic substance (HS), and major ionic components (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3-, and SO42-) in the downstream channels of the three dams during the low-intermediate-flow and high-flow events from 2012 to 2014. We estimated hourly loads of each component using hourly turbidity data and discharge data (i.e., L-Q model) separately, and the results are integrated to estimate the annual fluxes. The annual fluxes between the methods were compared to verify predictability of the conventional L-Q models. Annual flux of TOC, TN, DFe, and HS estimated by the turbidity displayed similar values, whereas the flux of SS, TFe, and TP tended to increase downstream of the dams. Among the dams, estimated flux proportions for TP and TFe were higher during high-flow events (74%-94%). Considering geographic conditions (e.g., absence of major tributary between the dams), the result implies that accumulated TP and TFe in the reservoirs may be flushed and transported downstream with SS over the short height dams during flood events. Assuming this process, the reservoir dams probably make only a fractional contribution to the organic and inorganic transport in the catchment studied. The percent flux errors for SS, TFe, and TP fluxes ranged from -7.2% to -97% (except for the TP flux in 2013), which highlights the risk of underestimating these components when using an L-Q model.

Diffusely reflecting paints including polytetrafluoroethylene and method of manufacture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schutt, J. B.; Shai, M. C. (Inventor)

1985-01-01

The invention pertains to a high diffuse, reflective paint comprising an alcohol soluble binder, polytetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and an alcohol for coating a substrate and forming an optical reference with a superior Lambertian characteristic. A method for making the paint by first mixing the biner and alcohol, and thereafter by mixing in outgassed TFE is described. A wetting agent may be employed to aid the mixing process.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Watts, David; Wang, Daoyong; Adelberg, Mackenzie

A novel sulfonated CNN pincer ligand has been designed to support CH and O 2 activation at a Pt(II) center. The derived cycloplatinated aqua complex 7 was found to be one of the most active reported homogeneous Pt catalysts for H/D exchange between studied arenes (benzene, benzene-d 6, toluene-d 8, p-xylene, and mesitylene) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) or 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol-d; the TON for C 6D 6 as a substrate is >250 after 48 h at 80 °C. The reaction is very selective; no benzylic CH bond activation was observed. The per-CH-bond reactivity diminishes in the series benzene (19) > toluene ( p-CH:more » m-CH: o-CH = 1:0.9:0.2) > xylene (2.9) > mesitylene (1.1). The complex 7 reacts slowly in TFE solutions under ambient light but not in the dark with O 2 to selectively produce a Pt(IV) trifluoroethoxo derivative. The H/D exchange reaction kinetics and results of the DFT study suggest that complex 7, and not its TFE derivatives, is the major species responsible for the arene CH bond activation. Lastly, the reaction deuterium kinetic isotope effect, k H/k D = 1.7, the reaction selectivity, and reaction kinetics modeling suggest that the CH bond cleavage step is rate-determining.« less

TFEB and TFE3: Linking Lysosomes to Cellular Adaptation to Stress.

PubMed

Raben, Nina; Puertollano, Rosa

2016-10-06

In recent years, our vision of lysosomes has drastically changed. Formerly considered to be mere degradative compartments, they are now recognized as key players in many cellular processes. The ability of lysosomes to respond to different stimuli revealed a complex and coordinated regulation of lysosomal gene expression. This review discusses the participation of the transcription factors TFEB and TFE3 in the regulation of lysosomal function and biogenesis, as well as the role of the lysosomal pathway in cellular adaptation to a variety of stress conditions, including nutrient deprivation, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, and pathogen infection. We also describe how cancer cells make use of TFEB and TFE3 to promote their own survival and highlight the potential of these transcription factors as therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurological and lysosomal diseases.

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the urinary bladder associated with Xp11 translocation.

PubMed

Russell, Christopher M; Buethe, David D; Dickinson, Shohreh; Sexton, Wade J

2014-01-01

Perivascular epithelioid cell-containing tumors (PEComas) represent a rare family of neoplasms. Their dichotomous phenotypic features, including both myogenic and mylanocytic features, can make a definitive diagnosis difficult. Such tumors have been associated with the overexpression of transcription factor E3 (TFE3). An Xp11 translocation could account for the aberrant activity of TFE3 but has never before been described in affiliation with a PEComa of the urinary bladder. While PEComas of the bladder have exhibited benign clinical courses to date, here we present an intravesical PEComa shown to have an Xp11 translocation and resultant overexpression of TFE3, indicating an aggressive, metastatic nature. No consistent tumor characteristics have proven accurate at identifying aggressive tumors. However, mTOR inhibitors offer a mechanistic management strategy when systemic therapy is warranted.

Lunar in-core thermionic nuclear reactor power system conceptual design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mason, Lee S.; Schmitz, Paul C.; Gallup, Donald R.

1991-01-01

This paper presents a conceptual design of a lunar in-core thermionic reactor power system. The concept consists of a thermionic reactor located in a lunar excavation with surface mounted waste heat radiators. The system was integrated with a proposed lunar base concept representative of recent NASA Space Exploration Initiative studies. The reference mission is a permanently-inhabited lunar base requiring a 550 kWe, 7 year life central power station. Performance parameters and assumptions were based on the Thermionic Fuel Element (TFE) Verification Program. Five design cases were analyzed ranging from conservative to advanced. The cases were selected to provide sensitivity effects on the achievement of TFE program goals.

Transcription factor E3 protein-positive perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the appendix presenting as acute appendicitis: a case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Matkowskyj, Kristina A; Rao, M Sambasiva; Raparia, Kirtee

2013-03-01

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are a group of mesenchymal tumors that coexpress melanocytic and smooth muscle markers; their exact origin remains unknown. This group includes renal angiomyolipoma, clear cell sugar tumor, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis, although the term perivascular epithelioid cell tumors is currently used for lesions that exhibit a similar morphologic and immunohistochemical profile throughout the human body. Recently, a distinct subset of PEComas has been shown to harbor transcription factor E3 gene (TFE3) fusions. We report, for the first time, a unique case of TFE3-positive PEComa presenting as acute appendicitis in a 24-year-old woman. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of benign-appearing epithelioid cells with clear and eosinophilic cytoplasm, and arranged in nested and alveolar patterns. Immunohistochemical studies showed diffuse strong positivity for neuron-specific enolase, TFE3, and progesterone receptor and focal strong positivity for human melanoma black-45 (HMB-45) and melanocyte differentiation antigen (Melan-A) in the tumor cells. Although rare, PEComa should be included in the differential diagnosis of mesenchymal tumors of the appendix.

Formation of protective composite coatings with the use of solution of TFE telomers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mashtalyar, D. V.; Gnedenkov, S. V.; Sinebryukhov, S. L.; Nadaraia, K. V.; Kiryukhin, D. P.; Kushch, P. P.; Kichigina, G. A.; Buznik, V. M.

2017-09-01

This paper presents the method of fabricate and the results of investigation of electrochemical properties and wettability of the composite coatings obtained on the magnesium alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and the use of the solution of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) telomers. The fluoropolymer-containing coatings decrease corrosion current density, increase contact angle in comparison with the base PEO-coating and the bare alloy.

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma.

PubMed

Armah, Henry B; Parwani, Anil V

2010-01-01

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), a recently recognized distinct subtype, are rare tumors predominantly reported in young patients. They comprise at least one-third of pediatric RCCs, and only few adult cases have been reported. They are characterized by various translocations involving chromosome Xp11.2, all resulting in gene fusions involving the transcription factor E3 (TFE3) gene. In recent years, at least 6 different Xp11.2 translocation RCCs have been identified and characterized at the molecular level. These include a distinctive RCC that bears a translocation with the identical chromosomal breakpoints (Xp11.2, 17q25) and identical resulting ASPL-TFE3 gene fusion as alveolar soft part sarcoma. They typically have papillary or nested architecture and are composed of cells with voluminous, clear, or eosinophilic cytoplasm. Their most distinctive immunohistochemical feature is nuclear labeling for TFE3 protein. Although only limited data are available so far, they are believed to be rather indolent, but there have been increasing, recent reports of an aggressive clinical course in adult cases. The consistent immunohistochemical staining for TFE3 in all RCC with unusual histology, regardless of patient age, is likely to expand the spectrum of Xp11.2 translocation RCC with respect to age, clinical behavior, and molecular abnormalities.

Dynamic Computed Tomographic Features of Adult Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated With Xp11.2 Translocation/TFE3 Gene Fusions: Comparison With Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

PubMed

He, Jian; Gan, Weidong; Liu, Song; Zhou, Kefeng; Zhang, Gutian; Guo, Hongqian; Zhu, Bin

2015-01-01

To investigate the dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) characteristics of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation and TFE gene fusion (Xp11.2 RCC) by comparison with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT images and clinical and pathological records of 20 adult patients with Xp11.2 RCC confirmed by TFE3 immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization assay were retrospectively analyzed and compared with the findings of 21 contemporary CCRCCs. Renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation and TFE gene fusions often occurred in young (30.6 ± 8.6 years) patients with hematuria (9/20). They presented as well-defined (17/20) cystic-solid (17/20) mass with hemorrhage (8/20) and circular/rim calcifications (6/20). Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT showed heterogeneous moderate prolonged enhancement. A tumor-to-cortex attenuation ratio in corticomedullary phase less than 0.62 gave a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 92.9% in differentiating Xp11.2 RCC from CCRCC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.957, P < 0.001). Computed tomographic characteristics and dynamic contrast-enhanced patterns and index can differentiate Xp11.2 RCC from CCRCC.

Improved diagnosis of common bile duct stone with single-shot balanced turbo field-echo sequence in MRCP.

PubMed

Noda, Yoshifumi; Goshima, Satoshi; Kojima, Toshihisa; Kawaguchi, Shimpei; Kawada, Hiroshi; Kawai, Nobuyuki; Koyasu, Hiromi; Matsuo, Masayuki; Bae, Kyongtae T

2017-04-01

To evaluate the value of adding single-shot balanced turbo field-echo (b-TFE) sequence to conventional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) for the detection of common bile duct (CBD) stone. One hundred thirty-seven consecutive patients with suspected CBD stone underwent MRCP including single-shot b-TFE sequence. Twenty-five patients were confirmed with CBD stone by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or ultrasonography. Two radiologists reviewed two image protocols: protocol A (conventional MRCP protocol: unenhanced T1-, T2-, and respiratory-triggered three-dimensional fat-suppressed single-shot turbo spin-echo MRCP sequence) and protocol B (protocol A plus single-shot b-TFE sequence). The sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for the detection of CBD stone were compared. The sensitivity (72%) and NPV (94%) were the same between the two protocols. However, protocol B was greater in the specificity (99%) and PPV (94%) than protocol A (92% and 67%, respectively) (P = 0.0078 and 0.031, respectively). The AUC was significantly greater for protocol B (0.93) than for protocol A (0.86) (P = 0.026). Inclusion of single-shot b-TFE sequence to conventional MRCP significantly improved the specificity and PPV for the detection of CBD stone.

Melanotic Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma With a Novel ARID1B-TFE3 Gene Fusion.

PubMed

Antic, Tatjana; Taxy, Jerome B; Alikhan, Mir; Segal, Jeremy

2017-11-01

A 36-year-old male was found to have a 7.0 cm left upper pole renal mass on renal ultrasound. Following nephrectomy, the mass was grossly ill-demarcated, friable and red-brown, invading renal parenchyma, hilar fat and the renal vein. Microscopically, the tumor had a nested and papillary architecture. The cells demonstrated abundant clear and eosinophilic cytoplasm and focal intracytoplasmic melanin pigment. Nucleoli were prominent. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor was positive for TFE3; HMB-45 stained approximately 5% of tumor cells corresponding to the histologic melanin pigment, which was confirmed with Fontana-Masson stain with bleach. Immunostains for PAX8, CD10, MiTF, and CAIX were negative; keratins Cam 5.2 and AE1/AE3 were focally positive. Targeted next-generation sequencing revealed an ARID1B-TFE3 gene fusion. Melanotic Xp11 renal cell carcinoma is a rare, pigment containing translocation variant demonstrating overlapping features with melanoma and is usually associated with an SFPQ-TFE3 gene fusion. The patient is alive and without evidence of disease 7 years after his diagnosis. The combination of high grade histopathology, the presence of melanin, absent PAX8, keratin positivity, and relatively indolent clinical behavior with a unique translocation may warrant recognition as a distinct renal cell carcinoma translocation subtype.

Next-generation sequencing of translocation renal cell carcinoma reveals novel RNA splicing partners and frequent mutations of chromatin-remodeling genes.

PubMed

Malouf, Gabriel G; Su, Xiaoping; Yao, Hui; Gao, Jianjun; Xiong, Liangwen; He, Qiuming; Compérat, Eva; Couturier, Jérôme; Molinié, Vincent; Escudier, Bernard; Camparo, Philippe; Doss, Denaha J; Thompson, Erika J; Khayat, David; Wood, Christopher G; Yu, Willie; Teh, Bin T; Weinstein, John; Tannir, Nizar M

2014-08-01

MITF/TFE translocation renal cell carcinoma (TRCC) is a rare subtype of kidney cancer. Its incidence and the genome-wide characterization of its genetic origin have not been fully elucidated. We performed RNA and exome sequencing on an exploratory set of TRCC (n = 7), and validated our findings using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) clear-cell RCC (ccRCC) dataset (n = 460). Using the TCGA dataset, we identified seven TRCC (1.5%) cases and determined their genomic profile. We discovered three novel partners of MITF/TFE (LUC7L3, KHSRP, and KHDRBS2) that are involved in RNA splicing. TRCC displayed a unique gene expression signature as compared with other RCC types, and showed activation of MITF, the transforming growth factor β1 and the PI3K complex targets. Genes differentially spliced between TRCC and other RCC types were enriched for MITF and ID2 targets. Exome sequencing of TRCC revealed a distinct mutational spectrum as compared with ccRCC, with frequent mutations in chromatin-remodeling genes (six of eight cases, three of which were from the TCGA). In two cases, we identified mutations in INO80D, an ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling gene, previously shown to control the amplitude of the S phase. Knockdown of INO80D decreased cell proliferation in a novel cell line bearing LUC7L3-TFE3 translocation. This genome-wide study defines the incidence of TRCC within a ccRCC-directed project and expands the genomic spectrum of TRCC by identifying novel MITF/TFE partners involved in RNA splicing and frequent mutations in chromatin-remodeling genes. ©2014 American Association for Cancer Research.

Diagnosis of Xp11.2 Translocation Renal Cell Carcinomas in the Thai Patients.

PubMed

Junthaworn, Boontarika; Pradniwat, Kanapon; Hanamornroongruang, Suchanan

2015-11-01

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinomas (TRCCs) are rare tumors recently accepted as a separated tumor type in 2004 WHO classification. To diagnose these tumors, histological recognition and confirmation of translocation are necessary. While the incidence of overall renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) is increased after the age of 40, Xp11.2 TRCCs are predominantly reported in young patients. The incidence of these tumors in Thailand has not been evaluated. To identify the frequency of Xp11.2 TRCCs, clinical presentation and follow-up information in 40 year-old or younger patients by using TFE3 immunostaining to confirm the translocation. All cases of 0- to 40-years-old patients diagnosed as RCCs from nephrectomy specimens between 2001 and 2011 at Siriraj Hospital were reviewed by one pathology resident and two pathologists. Immunohistochemical staining for TFE3 was performed on cases morphologically suspected for TRCC or showing unusual histology. Four cases consistent with Xp11.2 TRCC were identified by TFE3 immunostaining from all 31 cases (12.9%). Three cases were females and one was male. Two cases were at stage 4 and passed away several months after the operation. The other two patients were at stage 2. One patient is alive without recurrence for at least 36 months after surgery alone. The other died from underlying SLE. TFE3 immunostaining is a useful andpractical toolfor screening and diagnosis of Xp11.2 TRCCs, but staining results can be difficult to interpret. Thus, genetic analysis is still necessary especially when immunostaining shows problematic result. Fresh tumor tissue sampling in all young patients is recommended in case of further genetic studies needed.

Role of Dispersive Fluorous Interaction in the Solvation Dynamics of the Perfluoro Group Containing Molecules.

PubMed

Mondal, Saptarsi; Chaterjee, Soumit; Halder, Ritaban; Jana, Biman; Singh, Prashant Chandra

2017-08-17

Perfluoro group containing molecules possess an important self-aggregation property through the fluorous (F···F) interaction which makes them useful for diverse applications such as medicinal chemistry, separation techniques, polymer technology, and biology. In this article, we have investigated the solvation dynamics of coumarin-153 (C153) and coumarin-6H (C6H) in ethanol (ETH), 2-fluoroethanol (MFE), and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) using the femtosecond upconversion technique and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to understand the role of fluorous interaction between the solute and solvent molecules in the solvation dynamics of perfluoro group containing molecules. The femtosecond upconversion data show that the time scales of solvation dynamics of C6H in ETH, MFE, and TFE are approximately the same whereas the solvation dynamics of C153 in TFE is slow as compared to that of ETH and MFE. It has also been observed that the time scale of solvation dynamics of C6H in ETH and MFE is higher than that of C153 in the same solvents. MD simulation results show a qualitative agreement with the experimental data in terms of the time scale of the slow components of the solvation for all the systems. The experimental and simulation studies combined lead to the conclusion that the solvation dynamics of C6H in all solvents as well as C153 in ETH and MFE is mostly governed by the charge distribution of ester moieties (C═O and O) of dye molecules whereas the solvation of C153 in TFE is predominantly due to the dispersive fluorous interaction (F···F) between the perfluoro groups of the C153 and solvent molecules.

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma with TFE3 gene fusion: A case report.

PubMed

Pan, Xiang; Quan, Jing; Zhao, Liwen; Li, Wenhua; Wei, Benlin; Yang, Shangqi; Lai, Yongqing

2018-01-01

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with transcription factor E3 (TFE3) gene fusion is a rare tumor, and the prognosis of this tumor is poorer compared with that of other subtypes of RCC. The patient presented herein was a 70-year-old man who presented with a solid mass sized ~8.2×6.1 cm in the right kidney and underwent radical right nephrectomy. Following pathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) examination and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), the patient was diagnosed with Xp11.2 translocation RCC with TFE3 gene fusion. These tumors are more commonly encountered in children rather than in adults, and adult Xp11.2 translocation RCC is associated with a poorer prognosis compared with its pediatric counterpart. IHC assay and FISH are important diagnostic methods. However, there is currently no established effective treatment for Xp11.2 RCC.

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma with TFE3 gene fusion: A case report

PubMed Central

Pan, Xiang; Quan, Jing; Zhao, Liwen; Li, Wenhua; Wei, Benlin; Yang, Shangqi; Lai, Yongqing

2018-01-01

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with transcription factor E3 (TFE3) gene fusion is a rare tumor, and the prognosis of this tumor is poorer compared with that of other subtypes of RCC. The patient presented herein was a 70-year-old man who presented with a solid mass sized ~8.2×6.1 cm in the right kidney and underwent radical right nephrectomy. Following pathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) examination and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), the patient was diagnosed with Xp11.2 translocation RCC with TFE3 gene fusion. These tumors are more commonly encountered in children rather than in adults, and adult Xp11.2 translocation RCC is associated with a poorer prognosis compared with its pediatric counterpart. IHC assay and FISH are important diagnostic methods. However, there is currently no established effective treatment for Xp11.2 RCC. PMID:29399348

C–H and O 2 activation at a Pt(II) center enabled by a novel sulfonated CNN pincer ligand

DOE PAGES

Watts, David; Wang, Daoyong; Adelberg, Mackenzie; ...

2016-09-21

A novel sulfonated CNN pincer ligand has been designed to support CH and O 2 activation at a Pt(II) center. The derived cycloplatinated aqua complex 7 was found to be one of the most active reported homogeneous Pt catalysts for H/D exchange between studied arenes (benzene, benzene-d 6, toluene-d 8, p-xylene, and mesitylene) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) or 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol-d; the TON for C 6D 6 as a substrate is >250 after 48 h at 80 °C. The reaction is very selective; no benzylic CH bond activation was observed. The per-CH-bond reactivity diminishes in the series benzene (19) > toluene ( p-CH:more » m-CH: o-CH = 1:0.9:0.2) > xylene (2.9) > mesitylene (1.1). The complex 7 reacts slowly in TFE solutions under ambient light but not in the dark with O 2 to selectively produce a Pt(IV) trifluoroethoxo derivative. The H/D exchange reaction kinetics and results of the DFT study suggest that complex 7, and not its TFE derivatives, is the major species responsible for the arene CH bond activation. Lastly, the reaction deuterium kinetic isotope effect, k H/k D = 1.7, the reaction selectivity, and reaction kinetics modeling suggest that the CH bond cleavage step is rate-determining.« less

MiT Family Translocation-Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Contemporary Update With Emphasis on Morphologic, Immunophenotypic, and Molecular Mimics.

PubMed

Magers, Martin J; Udager, Aaron M; Mehra, Rohit

2015-10-01

Translocation-associated renal cell carcinoma (t-RCC) is a relatively uncommon subtype of renal cell carcinoma characterized by recurrent gene rearrangements involving the TFE3 or TFEB loci. TFE3 and TFEB are members of the microphthalmia transcription factor (MiT) family, which regulates differentiation in melanocytes and osteoclasts, and MiT family gene fusions activate unique molecular programs that can be detected immunohistochemically. Although the overall clinical behavior of t-RCC is variable, emerging molecular data suggest the possibility of targeted approaches to advanced disease. Thus, distinguishing t-RCC from its morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular mimics may have important clinical implications. The differential diagnosis for t-RCC includes a variety of common renal neoplasms, particularly those demonstrating clear cell and papillary features; in addition, because of immunophenotypic overlap and/or shared molecular abnormalities (ie, TFE3 gene rearrangement), a distinctive set of nonepithelial renal tumors may also warrant consideration. Directed ancillary testing is an essential aspect to the workup of t-RCC cases and may include a panel of immunohistochemical stains, such as PAX8, pancytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, carbonic anhydrase IX, HMB-45, and Melan-A. Dual-color, break-apart fluorescent in situ hybridization for TFE3 or TFEB gene rearrangement may be helpful in diagnostically challenging cases or when molecular confirmation is needed.

Quiet High-Speed Fan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lieber, Lysbeth; Repp, Russ; Weir, Donald S.

1996-01-01

A calibration of the acoustic and aerodynamic prediction methods was performed and a baseline fan definition was established and evaluated to support the quiet high speed fan program. A computational fluid dynamic analysis of the NASA QF-12 Fan rotor, using the DAWES flow simulation program was performed to demonstrate and verify the causes of the relatively poor aerodynamic performance observed during the fan test. In addition, the rotor flowfield characteristics were qualitatively compared to the acoustic measurements to identify the key acoustic characteristics of the flow. The V072 turbofan source noise prediction code was used to generate noise predictions for the TFE731-60 fan at three operating conditions and compared to experimental data. V072 results were also used in the Acoustic Radiation Code to generate far field noise for the TFE731-60 nacelle at three speed points for the blade passage tone. A full 3-D viscous flow simulation of the current production TFE731-60 fan rotor was performed with the DAWES flow analysis program. The DAWES analysis was used to estimate the onset of multiple pure tone noise, based on predictions of inlet shock position as a function of the rotor tip speed. Finally, the TFE731-60 fan rotor wake structure predicted by the DAWES program was used to define a redesigned stator with the leading edge configured to minimize the acoustic effects of rotor wake / stator interaction, without appreciably degrading performance.

Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: clinicopathologic, immunhistochemical, and molecular genetic analysis of 39 cases

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Abstract Background Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a malignant, often indolent vascular tumor which occurs at various anatomic sites. Based on a reciprocal translocation t (1;3)(p36;q25), a consistent WWTR1-CAMTA1 fusion gene has been found. An alternate YAP1-TFE3 fusion has been detected in a small and distinct subset of cases. Methods Thirty-nine tumors, from 24 females and 15 males with an age range 9–85 years, were located in soft tissue (head and neck [8], trunk [5], upper extremities [3], lower extremities [2], mediastinal [1], and paratesticular [1]), lymph node (1), breast (1), skin (2), bone (6), lung (7), and liver (2). The cases were investigated using a panel of immunohistochemical markers. The aforementioned fusion-genes were examined using RT-PCR and/or FISH in order to validate their diagnostic value. Results Follow-up available for 17 patients ranged from 3 months to 7 years (median interval 1.5 years). Eleven patients were alive without disease, 2 patients were alive with disease after 1.5 and 2 years, respectively. Four patients died of disease after 4 months (n = 1), 5 months (n = 2), and 1.5 years (n = 1). The size, known for 30 lesions, was >3 cm in 9 of them. Histologically, all lesions had classical features, at least focally. Four tumors counted >3 mitoses/50 HPF. Immunohistochemically, all cases tested stained positive for ERG (21), FLI1 (5) and CD31 (39). CD34 and D2-40 positivity was seen in 81% and 71% of the examined cases, respectively. 11/35 cases expressed pan-keratin and 6/20 cases CK8.18. TFE3 showed a nuclear reaction in 21/24 cases, irrespective of TFE3 rearrangement. Molecular genetically, 35/35 cases revealed one of the fusion genes by FISH and/or RT-PCR with WWTR1-CAMTA1 in 33 cases and YAP1-TFE3 in 2 cases. Conclusions These results demonstrate the high diagnostic value of FISH and RT-PCR in detecting the fusion genes of EHE. The immunohistochemical utility of TFE3 appears questionable in this study. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4010279141259481 PMID:24986479

A new numerical approach to solve Thomas-Fermi model of an atom using bio-inspired heuristics integrated with sequential quadratic programming.

PubMed

Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor; Zameer, Aneela; Khan, Aziz Ullah; Wazwaz, Abdul Majid

2016-01-01

In this study, a novel bio-inspired computing approach is developed to analyze the dynamics of nonlinear singular Thomas-Fermi equation (TFE) arising in potential and charge density models of an atom by exploiting the strength of finite difference scheme (FDS) for discretization and optimization through genetic algorithms (GAs) hybrid with sequential quadratic programming. The FDS procedures are used to transform the TFE differential equations into a system of nonlinear equations. A fitness function is constructed based on the residual error of constituent equations in the mean square sense and is formulated as the minimization problem. Optimization of parameters for the system is carried out with GAs, used as a tool for viable global search integrated with SQP algorithm for rapid refinement of the results. The design scheme is applied to solve TFE for five different scenarios by taking various step sizes and different input intervals. Comparison of the proposed results with the state of the art numerical and analytical solutions reveals that the worth of our scheme in terms of accuracy and convergence. The reliability and effectiveness of the proposed scheme are validated through consistently getting optimal values of statistical performance indices calculated for a sufficiently large number of independent runs to establish its significance.

Identifying intrinsically disordered protein regions likely to undergo binding-induced helical transitions.

PubMed

Glover, Karen; Mei, Yang; Sinha, Sangita C

2016-10-01

Many proteins contain intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) lacking stable secondary and ordered tertiary structure. IDRs are often implicated in macromolecular interactions, and may undergo structural transitions upon binding to interaction partners. However, as binding partners of many protein IDRs are unknown, these structural transitions are difficult to verify and often are poorly understood. In this study we describe a method to identify IDRs that are likely to undergo helical transitions upon binding. This method combines bioinformatics analyses followed by circular dichroism spectroscopy to monitor 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE)-induced changes in secondary structure content of these IDRs. Our results demonstrate that there is no significant change in the helicity of IDRs that are not predicted to fold upon binding. IDRs that are predicted to fold fall into two groups: one group does not become helical in the presence of TFE and includes examples of IDRs that form β-strands upon binding, while the other group becomes more helical and includes examples that are known to fold into helices upon binding. Therefore, we propose that bioinformatics analyses combined with experimental evaluation using TFE may provide a general method to identify IDRs that undergo binding-induced disorder-to-helix transitions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

7T Magnetization Transfer and Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MRI of Cortical Gray Matter: Can We Detect Neurochemical and Macromolecular Abnormalities?

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-21

measures working memory • Trail making test (both A and B): measures planning/executive function • "Black Box” (choice reaction time, critical flicker ...associated with SIR imaging. The former of these was mitigated by developing a novel B+ and !1B insensitive in- version composite pulse (Fig. 2) and...employing a low-flip angle TFE readout; the latter was mitigated by the efficiency of the TFE readout along with additional protocol optimization

Unusual structural transition of antimicrobial VP1 peptide.

PubMed

Shanmugam, Ganesh; Phambu, Nsoki; Polavarapu, Prasad L

2011-05-01

VP1 peptide, an active domain of m-calpain enzyme with antimicrobial activity is found to undergo an unusual conformational transition in trifluoroethanol (TFE) solvent. The nature of, and time dependent variations in, circular dichroism associated with the amide I vibrations, suggest that VP1 undergoes self-aggregation forming anti-parallel β-sheet structure in TFE. Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) images revealed that β-sheet aggregates formed by VP1 possess fibril-like assemblies. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Inlet Reynolds number and temperature effects on the steady-state performance of a TFE731-2 turbofan engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bobula, G. A.; Lottig, R. A.

1977-01-01

Effects of varying engine inlet Reynolds number index (0.75, 0.50, 0.25, and 0.12) and temperature (289 and 244 K) on a TFE731-2 turbofan engine were evaluated. Results were classified as either compression system effects or effects on overall performance. Standard performance maps are used to present compression system performance. Overall performance parameters are presented as a function of low rotor speed corrected to engine inlet temperature.

Thermionic reactors for space nuclear power

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Homeyer, W. G.; Merrill, M. H.; Holland, J. W.; Fisher, C. R.; Allen, D. T.

1985-01-01

Thermionic reactor designs for a variety of space power applications spanning the range from 5 kWe to 3 MWe are described. In all of these reactors, nuclear heat is converted directly to electrical energy in thermionic fuel elements (TFEs). A circulating reactor coolant carries heat from the core of TFEs directly to a heat rejection radiator system. The recent design of a thermionic reactor to meet the SP-100 requirements is emphasized. Design studies of reactors at other power levels show that the same TFE can be used over a broad range in power, and that design modifications can extend the range to many megawatts. The design of the SP-100 TFE is similar to that of TFEs operated successfully in test reactors, but with design improvements to extend the operating lifetime to seven years.

Renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusions: clinical experience and literature review.

PubMed

He, Jian; Chen, Xiancheng; Gan, Weidong; Zhu, Bin; Fan, Xiangshan; Guo, Hongqian; Jia, Ruipeng

2015-01-01

To analyze the clinicopathological features of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusions (Xp11.2 RCC) in our institution. We screened 983 RCC specimens. TFE3 immunohistochemical staining and FISH assay confirmed 22 Xp11.2 RCCs out of 65 suspicious cases. Clinicopathological and treatment outcomes of 22 patients were retrospectively analyzed. In total, 22 patients included 13 females and nine males with a mean age of 27 years. Ten patients showed gross hematuria. Treatments included surgeries, immunotherapy and molecular-targeted therapy. Seven cases were at stage III/IV and four cases had tumor thrombosis or distant metastasis. During a median follow-up of 34 months, 19 patients were alive while three died of distant metastasis. Xp11.2 RCC is rare and FISH proved a useful diagnostic tool. Surgical resection achieved favorable outcome for early disease. Adult patients at advanced stage had poorer outcomes even with postoperative adjuvant therapy.

Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated With Xp11.2 Translocation/TFE3 Gene-fusion: A Long Response to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) Inhibitors.

PubMed

Rua Fernández, Oliver R; Escala Cornejo, Roberto; Navarro Martín, Miguel; García Muñoz, María; Antunez Plaza, Patricia; García Dominguez, Aracely Rocío; Cruz Hernández, Juan J

2018-04-24

To demonstrate that patients with Xp11.2/TFE3 gene-fusion translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC), despite having an aggressive course in young adults, could have valid treatment options such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors with good outcomes. Furthermore, to explain possible mechanisms of action of mTOR inhibitors in this type of RCC. We report a case of a 44-year-old man who has been treated with everolimus for a Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene-fusion RCC after 2 previous failed treatments with tyrosine kinase inhibitor. During the follow-up, we evaluated type and duration of response with everolimus. The patient obtained a long-lasting response of disease of 25 months with everolimus without any symptom. We believe that mTOR inhibitors could be a good line option treatment to consider for this type of patients. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Review of renal carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions with focus on pathobiological aspect.

PubMed

Kuroda, Naoto; Mikami, Shuji; Pan, Chin-Chen; Cohen, Ronald J; Hes, Ondrej; Michal, Michal; Nagashima, Yoji; Tanaka, Yukichi; Inoue, Keiji; Shuin, Taro; Lee, Gang-Hong

2012-02-01

The concept of Xp11.2 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was recently established as a tumor affecting 15% of RCC patients <45 years. Many patients present with advanced stage with frequent lymph node metastases. Histologically, Xp11.2 RCC is characterized by mixed papillary nested/alveolar growth pattern and tumor cells with clear and/or eosinophilic, voluminous cytoplasm. Neoplastic cells show intense nuclear immunoreactivity to TFE3, while focal immunostaining for melanocytic markers, including melanosome-associated antigen or Melan A in some cases, are also noted. Alpha smooth muscle actin and TFEB are consistently negative. Ultrastructurally, the ASPL-TFE3 RCC variant contains rhomboid crystals in the cytoplasm, similar to that observed in alveolar soft part sarcoma. The fusion of the TFE3 gene with several different genes, including ASPL(17q25), PRCC(1q21), PSF(1q34), NonO (Xq12) and CLTC (17q23) have been identified to date. The behavior of Xp11.2 RCC in children and young adults is considered as indolent even when diagnosed at advanced stage, including lymph node metastasis. However, Xp11.2 RCC in older patients behaves in a more aggressive fashion. Therapy includes nephrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy. There may be a role for new protease inhibitors in advanced inoperable disease. Further research is required to correlate clinical behavior with the expanding genetic spectrum of this tumor, and to establish standard therapy protocols for primary and metastatic lesions.

XP11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma: clinical experience of Taipei Veterans General Hospital.

PubMed

Hung, Chia-Chen; Pan, Chin-Chen; Lin, Chih-Chieh; Lin, Alex T L; Chen, Kuang-Kuo; Chang, Yen-Hwa

2011-11-01

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a recently recognized distinct subtype of RCC, is characterized by various translocations, all involving the TFE3 transcription factor gene. These rare cancers occur predominantly in children and young adults and comprise about one-third of pediatric RCCs. In the present study, we review the clinical course of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma in our institution. We identified eight cases with Xp11.2 translocation RCC between 2007 and 2010 from the pathological archives of the Taipei Veterans General Hospital. We retrospectively analyzed the patients' characteristics, clinical manifestations, and specific pathological features for definitive diagnosis, surgical and systemic treatment and clinical outcome of these rare cancers. Patients were aged 20 years to 49 years (mean age 28 years) with female predominance (6 females, 2 males). One patient presented with asymptomatic renal mass detected incidentally during abdominal sonography. Four patients complained of flank or abdominal pain, and the other three complained of gross hematuria at initial presentation. The mean tumor size was 9.2 cm (range, 4 cm-17 cm). Seven patients underwent radical nephrectomy for the primary tumor, while one presented with multiple metastases. All cases were confirmed by TFE3 immunohistochemistry, a sensitive and specific marker of tumors with TFE3 gene fusion, which showed positive nuclear staining. Three patients presented initially with metastatic diseases, and another three patients progressed to lung, liver and bone metastases at eight, seven and nine months postoperatively. Although RT-PCR and DNA sequencing are the final diagnoses of the molecular identity of Xp11.2 translocation RCC, experienced pathologists could confirm the histologic diagnosis based on the distinctive morphologic features with positive TFE3 immunochemical nuclear stain. Surgical resection is the only treatment. The role of systemic therapy for local recurrence and metastasis remains to be determined. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Aircraft Engine Emissions Estimator

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-11-01

GE) 4 A-4 C-9A JT8D-9 (P&W) 2 A-5 C-12A PT6A-41 (P&W) 2 C-21A TFE731 -2 (GARRETT) 2 C-130A T 56-9 (ALLISON) 4 A-6 C-130B T 56-7 (ALLISON) 4 A-6 C-130...OA 0.52N MILITARY 1.06A 8.42A I.SA 0.2A 21.OA 0.67N TFE731 -2 IDLE (CA) APPROACH NO DATA AVAILABLE :NTERMED MILITARY * A-X represents the reference

Hydrogen Bond Donor/Acceptor Cosolvent-Modified Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents.

PubMed

Pandey, Ashish; Bhawna; Dhingra, Divya; Pandey, Siddharth

2017-04-27

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as nontoxic and inexpensive alternatives not only to the common organic solvents but to the ionic liquids as well. Some of the common and popular, and perhaps the most investigated, DESs are the ones comprising an ammonium salt and an appropriate hydrogen bond (HB) donor in a predetermined mole ratio. The formation of the DES is attributed to the H-bonding interaction(s) present between the salt and the HB donor. Consequently, addition of a predominantly HB donor or a predominantly HB acceptor cosolvent to such DESs may result in intriguing features and properties. We present investigation of two DESs constituted of salt choline chloride along with HB donors urea and glycerol, respectively, in 1:2 mol ratio, named reline and glyceline as the cosolvent of very high HB donating acidity and no HB accepting basicity 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) and of very high HB accepting basicity and no HB donating acidity hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), respectively, is added. TFE shows up to 0.25 mole fraction miscibility with both reline and glyceline. While up to 0.25 mole fraction HMPA in glyceline results in transparent mixtures, this cosolvent is found to be completely immiscible with reline. From the perspective of the solvatochromic absorbance and fluorescence probes, it is established that the cybotactic region dipolarity within up to 0.25 mole fraction TFE/HMPA-added DES strongly depends on the functionalities present on the solute. Fourier transform infrared absorbance and Raman spectroscopic investigations reveal no major shifts in vibrational transitions as TFE/HMPA is added to the DES; spectral band broadening, albeit small, is observed nonetheless. Excess molar volumes and excess logarithmic viscosities of the mixtures indicate that while TFE may interstitially accommodate itself within H-bonded network of reline, it does appear to form H-bonds with the constituents of the glyceline. Increase in overall net repulsive interactions as HMPA is added to glyceline is suggested by both positive excess molar volumes and excess logarithmic viscosities. The addition of HB donor/acceptor cosolvent appears to disturb the salt-HB donor equilibria within DES via complex interplay of interactions within the system.

Calcium hydroxide coating on highly reactive nanoscale zero-valent iron for in situ remediation application.

PubMed

Wei, Cai-Jie; Xie, Yue-Feng; Wang, Xiao-Mao; Li, Xiao-Yan

2018-05-23

Nano scale zero-valent iron (nZVI), a promising engineering technology for in situ remediation, has been greatly limited by quick self-corrosion and low mobility in porous media. Highly reactive nZVI particles produced from the borohydride reduction method were enclosed in a releasable Ca(OH) 2 layer by the chemical deposition method. The amount of Ca(OH) 2 coated on nZVI surface were well controlled by the precursor dosage. At moderate Ca(OH) 2 dosage (R Ca/TFe  = 0.25) condition, the increment of Fe 0 content for the obtained nZVI/Ca-0.25 sample was observed. The interfacial reactions between the iron oxide shell and the Ca(OH) 2 saturated environment were delicately elucidated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum. And the coverage of Ca(OH) 2 shell on spherical nZVI surface was found more complete and uniform for the nZVI/Ca sample obtained from the moderate precursor dosage condition (R Ca/TFe  = 0.25). The Ca(OH) 2 shell before dissolution was demonstrated owning the anti-corrosion capability to slow down the oxidation of Fe 0 core in air, during ethanol storage and in aqueous environment. The mechanism of anti-corrosion capability for nZVI/Ca-0.25 particle was interestingly found to be attributed to the Ca(OH) 2 shell isolation and also be potentially due to the iron oxide shell phase transformation mediated by the outer Ca(OH) 2 shell. An improved trichloroethylene reduction performance was observed for nZVI/Ca-0.25 than bare nZVI. The mobility of nZVI/Ca particles in water-saturated porous media was moderately improved before shell dissolution. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

SUPERFUND TREATABILITY CLEARINGHOUSE: INPUT/OUTPUT DATA FOR SEVERAL TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

EPA Science Inventory

This treatability study is a pilot-scale evaluation of a thin-film evaporator (TFE) for volatile organics (VO) removal from oily sludges such as refinery sludges. TFEs were studied to evaluate their use to remove and recover VO from these sludges prior to land treatment. This w...

Structure and tunneling dynamics in a model system of peptide co-solvents: rotational spectroscopy of the 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol⋯water complex.

PubMed

Thomas, Javix; Xu, Yunjie

2014-06-21

The hydrogen-bonding topology and tunneling dynamics of the binary adduct, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE)⋯water, were investigated using chirped pulse and cavity based Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy with the aid of high level ab initio calculations. Rotational spectra of the most stable binary TFE⋯water conformer and five of its deuterium isotopologues were assigned. A strong preference for the insertion binding topology where water is inserted into the existing intramolecular hydrogen-bonded ring of TFE was observed. Tunneling splittings were detected in all of the measured rotational transitions of TFE⋯water. Based on the relative intensity of the two tunneling components and additional isotopic data, the splitting can be unambiguously attributed to the tunneling motion of the water subunit, i.e., the interchange of the bonded and nonbonded hydrogen atoms of water. The absence of any other splitting in the rotational transitions of all isotopologues observed indicates that the tunneling between g+ and g- TFE is quenched in the TFE⋯H2O complex.

Pediatric renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion.

PubMed

Winarti, Ni Wayan; Argani, Pedram; De Marzo, Angelo M; Hicks, Jessica; Mulyadi, Ketut

2008-01-01

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in children and young adults is rare and pathologically problematic. RCC can be either hereditary or sporadic and has a guarded prognosis because appropriate management has not been established. A case of RCC in an 11-year-old is reported. The clinical presentation was a right abdominal mass, hematuria, urinary tract infection, and wasting. Radio-logically, the mass was found within the right kidney with calcification and paraaortic lymphadenopathy. The postsurgical diagnosis was Wilms' tumor stage T4N2M0. On gross inspection, the tumor was ill defined, extending across Gerota's fascia and into the ureter lumina. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of malignant epithelial cells with clear and eosinophilic cytoplasm in nested, papillary, and alveolar configuration. Hyaline nodules, psammoma bodies, vascular invasion, capsular invasion, and extension into the ureter were also found. Immunohistochemically, the cells showed strong nuclear immunoreactivity for TFE3. We concluded that this case was an RCC associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 fusion, Fuhrman grade 3, stage IV.

Hydrogen-bonding effect on spin-center transfer of tetrathiafulvalene-linked 6-oxophenalenoxyl evaluated using temperature-dependent cyclic voltammetry and theoretical calculations.

PubMed

Nishida, Shinsuke; Fukui, Kozo; Morita, Yasushi

2014-02-01

The stable tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-linked 6-oxophenalenoxyl neutral radical exhibits a spin-center transfer with a continuous color change in solution caused by an intramolecular electron transfer, which is dependent on solvent and temperature. Cyclic voltammetry measurements showed that addition of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) to a benzonitrile solution of the neutral radical induces a redox potential shift that is favorable for the spin-center transfer. Temperature-dependent cyclic voltammetry of the neutral radical using a novel low-temperature electrochemical cell demonstrated that the redox potentials change with decreasing temperature in a 199:1 CH2Cl2/TFE mixed solvent. Furthermore, theoretical calculation revealed that the energy levels of the frontier molecular orbitals involved in the spin-center transfer are lowered by the hydrogen-bonding interaction of TFE with the neutral radical. These results indicate that the hydrogen-bonding effect is a key factor for the occurrence of the spin-center transfer of TTF-linked 6-oxophenalenoxyl. Copyright © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Plasma copolymerization of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Golub, Morton A.; Wydeven, Theodore; Cormia, Robert D.

1992-01-01

An IR and XPS study of the low-pressure, radiofrequency, glow-discharge plasma copolymerization of ethylene (ET) and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) is presented. The potential for creating Tefzel- or Teflon-like coatings on various polymeric substrates for use in advanced life support systems is examined.

Pollution Reduction Technology Program for Small Jet Aircraft Engines, Phase 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bruce, T. W.; Davis, F. G.; Kuhn, T. E.; Mongia, H. C.

1978-01-01

A series of iterative combustor pressure rig tests were conducted on two combustor concepts applied to the AiResearch TFE731-2 turbofan engine combustion system for the purpose of optimizing combustor performance and operating characteristics consistant with low emissions. The two concepts were an axial air-assisted airblast fuel injection configuration with variable-geometry air swirlers and a staged premix/prevaporization configuration. The iterative rig testing and modification sequence on both concepts was intended to provide operational compatibility with the engine and determine one concept for further evaluation in a TFE731-2 engine.

Development of an Advanced Fan Blade Containment System

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-08-01

TFE731 -2 4500 28.2 30 CFM56-2 24000 70.5 44 PW2037 38250 78.5 36 JT9D-7 45600 93.4 46 CF6-6D 45750 86.4 38 RB211-524D4 53000 86.3 33 JT9D-7R4G 54750 94.9...THRUST MODEL (LB) TIP IMPACT BAEIMPACT I MACT F109 1,330 3.172 2.158 0.854 TFE731 -5 4,500 4.455 3.019 0.983 CFM56-2 24,000 10.900 7.398 1.864 FIGURE 7

Recent progress on thin-film encapsulation technologies for organic electronic devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Duan; Yang, Yong-Qiang; Chen, Zheng; Tao, Ye; Liu, Yun-Fei

2016-03-01

Among the advanced electronic devices, flexible organic electronic devices with rapid development are the most promising technologies to customers and industries. Organic thin films accommodate low-cost fabrication and can exploit diverse molecules in inexpensive plastic light emitting diodes, plastic solar cells, and even plastic lasers. These properties may ultimately enable organic materials for practical applications in industry. However, the stability of organic electronic devices still remains a big challenge, because of the difficulty in fabricating commercial products with flexibility. These organic materials can be protected using substrates and barriers such as glass and metal; however, this results in a rigid device and does not satisfy the applications demanding flexible devices. Plastic substrates and transparent flexible encapsulation barriers are other possible alternatives; however, these offer little protection to oxygen and water, thus rapidly degrading the devices. Thin-film encapsulation (TFE) technology is most effective in preventing water vapor and oxygen permeation into the flexible devices. Because of these (and other) reasons, there has been an intense interest in developing transparent barrier materials with much lower permeabilities, and their market is expected to reach over 550 million by 2025. In this study, the degradation mechanism of organic electronic devices is reviewed. To increase the stability of devices in air, several TFE technologies were applied to provide efficient barrier performance. In this review, the degradation mechanism of organic electronic devices, permeation rate measurement, traditional encapsulation technologies, and TFE technologies are presented.

Melanotic MiT family translocation neoplasms: Expanding the clinical and molecular spectrum of this unique entity of tumors.

PubMed

Saleeb, Rola M; Srigley, John R; Sweet, Joan; Doucet, Cedric; Royal, Virginie; Chen, Ying-Bei; Brimo, Fadi; Evans, Andrew

2017-11-01

MiT family translocation tumors are a group of neoplasms characterized by translocations involving MiT family transcription factors. The translocation renal cell carcinomas, TFE3 (Xp11.2) and TFEB (t6;11) are known members of this family. Melanotic Xp11 translocation renal cancer is a more recently described entity. To date only 14 cases have been described. It is characterized by a distinct set of features including a nested epithelioid morphology, melanin pigmentation, labeling for markers of melanocytic differentiation, lack of labeling for markers of renal tubular differentiation, predominance in a younger age population and association with aggressive clinical behavior. There are noted similarities between that entity and TFE3 associated PEComas. There are no cases reported of equivalent melanotic TFEB translocation renal cancer. We report 2 rare cases of melanotic translocation renal neoplasms. The first is a melanotic TFE3 translocation renal cancer with an indolent clinical course, occurring in a patient more than 3-decades older than the usual average age in which such tumors have been described. The other case is, to our knowledge, the first reported melanotic TFEB translocation cancer of the kidney. Both cases exhibit the same H&E morphology as previously reported in melanotic translocation renal cancers and label accordingly with HMB45 and Melan-A. While the TFE3 melanotic tumor lacked any evidence of renal tubular differentiation, the TFEB melanotic cancer exhibited some staining for renal tubular markers. Based on the unique features noted above, these two cases expand the clinical and molecular spectrum of the melanotic translocation renal cancers. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

TFE3 Translocation Associated Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasm (PEComa) of the Gynecologic Tract: Morphology, Immunophenotype, Differential Diagnosis

PubMed Central

Schoolmeester, J. Kenneth; Dao, Linda N.; Sukov, William R.; Park, Kay J.; Murali, Rajmohan; Hameed, Meera R.; Soslow, Robert A.

2016-01-01

TFE3 translocation associated PEComa is a distinct form of perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm, the features of which are poorly defined owing to their general infrequency and limited prior reports with confirmed rearrangement or fusion totaling nine cases. Recent investigation has found a lack of TSC gene mutation in these tumors compared to their nonrearranged counterparts which underscores the importance of recognizing the translocated variant due to hypothetical ineffectiveness of targeted mTOR inhibitor therapy. Six cases were identified and TFE3 rearrangement was confirmed by FISH. Patient age ranged 46 to 66 years (median 50) and none had a history of tuberous sclerosis complex. Three cases arose in the uterine corpus, one in the vagina, and one pelvic tumor and one pulmonary tumor were likely a recurrence/metastasis from a probable uterine primary. Five cases had purely clear cell epithelioid morphology that showed a spectrum of atypia while one case had a mixture of clear cell epithelioid and spindle cells. A mostly consistent immunophenotype was observed in the purely clear cell epithelioid cases: each demonstrated diffuse TFE3, HMB45, CathepsinK labeling, either focal or no melanA staining and variably weak reactivity to smooth muscle markers. The mixed clear cell epithelioid and spindle cell case had a similar pattern in its epithelioid component, but strong muscle marker positivity in its spindle cell component. Follow up ranged 1 to 57 months. Three cases demonstrated aggressive behavior and three cases had no evidence of recurrence. Both GYN-specific and traditional sets of criteria for malignancy were evaluated. The GYN model showed improved inclusion and specificity in comparison to the traditional model. PMID:25517951

TFE3 translocation-associated perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa) of the gynecologic tract: morphology, immunophenotype, differential diagnosis.

PubMed

Schoolmeester, J Kenneth; Dao, Linda N; Sukov, William R; Wang, Lu; Park, Kay J; Murali, Rajmohan; Hameed, Meera R; Soslow, Robert A

2015-03-01

TFE3 translocation-associated PEComa is a distinct form of perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm, the features of which are poorly defined owing to their general infrequency and limited prior reports with confirmed rearrangement or fusion. Recent investigation has found a lack of TSC gene mutation in these tumors compared with their nonrearranged counterparts, which underscores the importance of recognizing the translocated variant because of hypothetical ineffectiveness of targeted mTOR inhibitor therapy. Six cases were identified, and TFE3 rearrangement was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Patient age ranged from 46 to 66 years (median 50 y), and none had a history of a tuberous sclerosis complex. Three cases arose in the uterine corpus, 1 in the vagina, 1 pelvic tumor, and 1 pulmonary tumor that was likely a recurrence/metastasis from a probable uterine primary. Five cases had clear cell epithelioid morphology that showed a spectrum of atypia, while 1 case had a mixture of clear cell epithelioid and spindle cells. A mostly consistent immunophenotype was observed in the clear cell epithelioid cases: each demonstrated diffuse TFE3, HMB45, cathepsinK labeling, either focal or no melanA staining, and variably weak reactivity to smooth muscle markers. The mixed clear cell epithelioid and spindle cell case had a similar expression pattern in its epithelioid component but strong muscle marker positivity in its spindle cell component. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 57 months. Three cases demonstrated aggressive behavior, and 3 cases had no evidence of recurrence. Both GYN-specific and traditional sets of criteria for malignancy were evaluated. The GYN model showed improved inclusion and specificity in comparison to the traditional model.

Conformation analysis and molecular mobility of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene copolymer using solid-state 19F MAS and 1H --> 19F CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy.

PubMed

Aimi, Keitaro; Ando, Shinji

2004-07-01

The changes in the conformation and molecular mobility accompanied by a phase transition in the crystalline domain were analyzed for ethylene (E) and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) copolymer, ETFE, using variable-temperature (VT) solid-state 19F magic angle spinning (MAS) and 1H --> 19F cross-polarization (CP)/MAS NMR spectroscopy. The shifts of the signals for fluorines in TFE units to higher frequency and the continuing decrease and increase in the T1rho(F) values suggest that conformational exchange motions exist in the crystalline domain between 42 and 145 degrees C. Quantum chemical calculations of magnetic shielding constants showed that the high-frequency shift of TFE units should be induced by trans to gauche conformational changes at the CH2-CF2 linkage in the E-TFE unit. Although the 19F signals of the crystalline domain are substantially overlapped with those of the amorphous domain at ambient probe temperature (68 degrees C), they were successfully distinguished by using the dipolar filter and spin-lock pulse sequences at 145 degrees C. The dipolar coupling constants for the crystalline domain, which can be estimated by fitting the dipolar oscillation behaviors in the 1H --> 19F CP curve, showed a significant decrease with increasing temperature from 42 to 145 degrees C. This is due to the averaging of 1H-19F dipolar interactions originating from the molecular motion in the crystalline domain. The increase in molecular mobility in the crystalline domain was clearly shown by VT T1rho(F) and 1H --> 19F CP measurements in the phase transition temperature range. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Functional Design of Dielectric-Metal-Dielectric-Based Thin-Film Encapsulation with Heat Transfer and Flexibility for Flexible Displays.

PubMed

Kwon, Jeong Hyun; Choi, Seungyeop; Jeon, Yongmin; Kim, Hyuncheol; Chang, Ki Soo; Choi, Kyung Cheol

2017-08-16

In this study, a new and efficient dielectric-metal-dielectric-based thin-film encapsulation (DMD-TFE) with an inserted Ag thin film is proposed to guarantee the reliability of flexible displays by improving the barrier properties, mechanical flexibility, and heat dissipation, which are considered to be essential requirements for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) encapsulation. The DMD-TFE, which is composed of Al 2 O 3 , Ag, and a silica nanoparticle-embedded sol-gel hybrid nanocomposite, shows a water vapor transmission rate of 8.70 × 10 -6 g/m 2 /day and good mechanical reliability at a bending radius of 30 mm, corresponding to 0.41% strain for 1000 bending cycles. The electrical performance of a thin-film encapsulated phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode (PHOLED) was identical to that of a glass-lid encapsulated PHOLED. The operational lifetimes of the thin-film encapsulated and glass-lid encapsulated PHOLEDs are 832 and 754 h, respectively. After 80 days, the thin-film encapsulated PHOLED did not show performance degradation or dark spots on the cell image in a shelf-lifetime test. Finally, the difference in lifetime of the OLED devices in relation to the presence and thickness of a Ag film was analyzed by applying various TFE structures to fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (FOLEDs) that could generate high amounts of heat. To demonstrate the difference in heat dissipation effect among the TFE structures, the saturated temperatures of the encapsulated FOLEDs were measured from the back side surface of the glass substrate, and were found to be 67.78, 65.12, 60.44, and 39.67 °C after all encapsulated FOLEDs were operated at an initial luminance of 10 000 cd/m 2 for sufficient heat generation. Furthermore, the operational lifetime tests of the encapsulated FOLED devices showed results that were consistent with the measurements of real-time temperature profiles taken with an infrared camera. A multifunctional hybrid thin-film encapsulation based on a dielectric-metal-dielectric structure was thus effectively designed considering the transmittance, gas-permeation barrier properties, flexibility, and heat dissipation effect by exploiting the advantages of each separate layer.

Duct Mode Measurements on the TFE731-60 Full Scale Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sutliff, Daniel L.; Konno, Kevin E.; Heidelberg, Laurence J.

2002-01-01

A continuously rotating rake with radial microphones was developed to measure the inlet and exhaust duct modes on a TFE731-60 turbofan engine. This was the first time the rotating rake technology was used on a production engine. The modal signature for the first three fan harmonics was obtained in the inlet and exhaust. Rotor-stator and rotor-strut interaction modes were measured. Total harmonic power was calculated over a range of fan speeds. Above sonic tip speed, the rotor locked mode was not strong enough to be identified, but the 'buzz-saw' noise at fan sub-harmonics was identified.

Polyphosphazene polymer development for mixed matrix membranes using SIFSIX-Cu-2 i as performance enhancement filler particles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Venna, Surendar R.; Spore, Alex; Tian, Zhicheng

Phosphazene-based polymers were synthesized by using different pendant groups such as trifluoroethoxy (TFE), phenoxy (PHO) and octafluoropentoxy (OFP). High performance methoxyethoxyethoxy/cyclohexoxy (MEE/CH) based polyphosphazene was developed for the first time in literature using a mixed-substitution method. The structural, chemical, and thermal properties of these polymers were analyzed using several techniques such as Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Significant differences in gas transport properties of gases have been observed between these pendant groups because of their differences in glass transition temperature and physical interaction with CO 2. For themore » first time, we report on the high performance of TFE polyphophazene based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) using a SIFSIX-Cu-2i (SIFSIX) metal organic framework (MOF) as the filler particles. These MMMs showed a significant improvement in both CO 2 permeability and CO 2/N 2 selectivity compared to pure TFE polyphosphazene membranes. As a result, the excellent gas transport properties of these membranes make them very promising material for carbon capture applications.« less

Polyphosphazene polymer development for mixed matrix membranes using SIFSIX-Cu-2 i as performance enhancement filler particles

DOE PAGES

Venna, Surendar R.; Spore, Alex; Tian, Zhicheng; ...

2017-04-19

Phosphazene-based polymers were synthesized by using different pendant groups such as trifluoroethoxy (TFE), phenoxy (PHO) and octafluoropentoxy (OFP). High performance methoxyethoxyethoxy/cyclohexoxy (MEE/CH) based polyphosphazene was developed for the first time in literature using a mixed-substitution method. The structural, chemical, and thermal properties of these polymers were analyzed using several techniques such as Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Significant differences in gas transport properties of gases have been observed between these pendant groups because of their differences in glass transition temperature and physical interaction with CO 2. For themore » first time, we report on the high performance of TFE polyphophazene based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) using a SIFSIX-Cu-2i (SIFSIX) metal organic framework (MOF) as the filler particles. These MMMs showed a significant improvement in both CO 2 permeability and CO 2/N 2 selectivity compared to pure TFE polyphosphazene membranes. As a result, the excellent gas transport properties of these membranes make them very promising material for carbon capture applications.« less

Influence of lithium cations on prolyl peptide bonds.

PubMed

Kunz, Claudia; Jahreis, Günther; Günther, Robert; Berger, Stefan; Fischer, Gunter; Hofmann, Hans-Jörg

2012-06-01

The influence of lithium cations on the cis/trans isomerization of prolyl peptide bonds was investigated in a quantitative manner in trifluoroethanol (TFE) and acetonitrile, employing NMR techniques. The focus was on various environmental and structural aspects, such as lithium cation and water concentrations, the type of the partner amino acid in the prolyl peptide bond, and the peptide sequence length. Comparison of the thermodynamic parameters of the isomerization in LiCl/TFE and TFE shows a lithium cation concentration dependence of the cis/trans ratio, which saturates at cation concentrations >200 mM. A pronounced increase in the cis isomer content in the presence of lithium cations occurs with the exception of peptides with Gly-Pro and Asp-Pro moieties. The cation effect appears already at the dipeptide level. The salt concentration can considerably be reduced in solvents with a lower number of nucleophilic centers like acetonitrile. The lithium cation effect decreases with small amounts of water and disappears at a water concentration of about 5%. The isomerization kinetics under the influence of lithium cations suggests a weak cation interaction with the carbonyl oxygen of the peptide bond. Copyright © 2012 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A Roof for the Lion's House

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

Fans of the National Football League's Detroit Lions don't worry about gameday weather. Their magnificent new Pontiac Stadium has a domed, air-supported, fabric roof that admits light but protects the playing field and patrons from the elements. The 80,000-seat "Silverdome" is the world's largest fabric-covered structure-and aerospace technology played an important part in its construction. The key to economical construction of the Silverdome-and many other types of buildings-is a spinoff of fiber glass Beta yarn coated with Teflon TFE fluorocarbon resin. The big advance it offers is permanency. Fabric structures-tents, for example have been around since the earliest years of human civilization. But their coverings-hides, canvas and more recently plastics-were considered temporary; though tough, these fabrics were subject to weather deterioration. Teflon TFE-coated Beta Fiberglas is virtually impervious to the effects of weather and sunlight and it won't stretch, shrink, mildew or rot, thus has exceptional longevity; it is also very strong, lightweight, flame resistant and requires no periodic cleaning, because dirt will not stick to the surface of Teflon TFE. And to top all that, it costs only 30 to 40 percent as much as conventional roofing.

Threshold Responses to Soil Moisture Deficit by Trees and Soil in Tropical Rain Forests: Insights from Field Experiments

PubMed Central

Meir, Patrick; Wood, Tana E.; Galbraith, David R.; Brando, Paulo M.; Da Costa, Antonio C. L.; Rowland, Lucy; Ferreira, Leandro V.

2015-01-01

Many tropical rain forest regions are at risk of increased future drought. The net effects of drought on forest ecosystem functioning will be substantial if important ecological thresholds are passed. However, understanding and predicting these effects is challenging using observational studies alone. Field-based rainfall exclusion (canopy throughfall exclusion; TFE) experiments can offer mechanistic insight into the response to extended or severe drought and can be used to help improve model-based simulations, which are currently inadequate. Only eight TFE experiments have been reported for tropical rain forests. We examine them, synthesizing key results and focusing on two processes that have shown threshold behavior in response to drought: (1) tree mortality and (2) the efflux of carbon dioxdie from soil, soil respiration. We show that: (a) where tested using large-scale field experiments, tropical rain forest tree mortality is resistant to long-term soil moisture deficit up to a threshold of 50% of the water that is extractable by vegetation from the soil, but high mortality occurs beyond this value, with evidence from one site of increased autotrophic respiration, and (b) soil respiration reaches its peak value in response to soil moisture at significantly higher soil moisture content for clay-rich soils than for clay-poor soils. This first synthesis of tropical TFE experiments offers the hypothesis that low soil moisture–related thresholds for key stress responses in soil and vegetation may prove to be widely applicable across tropical rain forests despite the diversity of these forests. PMID:26955085

Effect of temperature on the conformation of natively unfolded protein 4E-BP1 in aqueous and mixed solutions containing trifluoroethanol and hexafluoroisopropanol.

PubMed

Hackl, Ellen V

2015-02-01

Natively unfolded (intrinsically disordered) proteins have attracted growing attention due to their high abundance in nature, involvement in various signalling and regulatory pathways and direct association with many diseases. In the present work the combined effect of temperature and alcohols, trifluoroethanol (TFE) and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), on the natively unfolded 4E-BP1 protein was studied to elucidate the balance between temperature-induced folding and unfolding in intrinsically disordered proteins. It was shown that elevated temperatures induce reversible partial folding of 4E-BP1 both in buffer and in the mixed solutions containing denaturants. In the mixed solutions containing TFE (HFIP) 4E-BP1 adopts a partially folded helical conformation. As the temperature increases, the initial temperature-induced protein folding is replaced by irreversible unfolding/melting only after a certain level of the protein helicity has been reached. Onset unfolding temperature decreases with TFE (HFIP) concentration in solution. It was shown that an increase in the temperature induces two divergent processes in a natively unfolded protein--hydrophobicity-driven folding and unfolding. Balance between these two processes determines thermal behaviour of a protein. The correlation between heat-induced protein unfolding and the amount of helical content in a protein is revealed. Heat-induced secondary structure formation can be a valuable test to characterise minor changes in the conformations of natively unfolded proteins as a result of site-directed mutagenesis. Mutants with an increased propensity to fold into a structured form reveal different temperature behaviour.

Statistics on Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Rotor Failures That Occurred in U.S. Commercial Aviation during 1985

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-07-01

3.4 10.1 27.1 JT15D 3 0.0006 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TFE731 14 0.0160 1 0 0 1 62.5 0.0 0.0 62.5 CFM 56 362 0.8478 2 0 1 3 2.4 0.0 1.2 3.5 ALF 502 77...ACLA B737 CFM56 T B 2 C 5 850130029 ERAA 240 CJ610 C N 3 N 5 850730003 AVCA HS125 TFE731 T B 7 C 5 851217034 APHA BAE146 ALF502 T N 7 N 5 850705075

Low-cost directionally-solidified turbine blades, volume 2. [TFE731-3 turbofan engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dennis, R. E.; Hoppin, G. S., III; Hurst, L. G.

1979-01-01

An endothermically heated technology was used to manufacture low cost, directionally solidified, uncooled nickel-alloy blades for the TFE731-3 turbofan engine. The MAR-M 247 and MER-M 100+Hf blades were finish processed through heat treatment, machining, and coating operations prior to 150 hour engine tests consisting of the following sequences: (1) 50 hours of simulated cruise cycling (high fatigue evaluation); (2) 50 hours at the maximum continuous power rating (stress rupture endurance (low cycle fatigue). None of the blades visually showed any detrimental effects from the test. This was verified by post test metallurgical evaluation. The specific fuel consumption was reduced by 2.4% with the uncooled blades.

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) in water, acetonitrile and trifluorethanol.

PubMed

Robinson, Wesley D; Richter, Mark M

2015-02-01

The spectroscopic, electrochemical and coreactant electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) properties of Ir(ppy)3 (where ppy = 2-phenylpyridine) have been obtained in aqueous buffered (KH2PO4), 50 : 50 (v/v) acetonitrile-aqueous buffered (MeCN-KH2PO4) and 30% trifluoroethanol (TFE) solutions. Tri-n-propylamine was used as the oxidative-reductive ECL coreactant. The photoluminescence (PL) efficiency (ϕem) of Ir(ppy)3 in TFE (ϕem ≈ 0.029) was slightly higher than in 50 : 50 MeCN-KH2PO4 (ϕem ≈ 0.0021) and water (ϕem ≈ 0.00016) compared to a Ru(bpy)32+ standard solution in water (Φem ≈ 0.042). PL and ECL emission spectra were nearly identical in all three solvents, with dual emission maxima at 510 and 530 nm. The similarity between the ECL and PL spectra indicate that the same excited state is probably formed in both experiments. ECL efficiencies (ϕecl) in 30% TFE solution (ϕecl = 0.0098) were higher than aqueous solution (ϕecl = 0.00092) system yet lower than a 50% MeCN-KH2PO4 solution (ϕecl = 0.0091). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Impaired TFEB-mediated Lysosome Biogenesis and Autophagy Promote Chronic Ethanol-induced Liver Injury and Steatosis in Mice.

PubMed

Chao, Xiaojuan; Wang, Shaogui; Zhao, Katrina; Li, Yuan; Williams, Jessica A; Li, Tiangang; Chavan, Hemantkumar; Krishnamurthy, Partha; He, Xi C; Li, Linheng; Ballabio, Andrea; Ni, Hong-Min; Ding, Wen-Xing

2018-05-18

Defects in lysosome function and autophagy contribute to pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. We investigated the mechanisms by which alcohol consumption affects these processes, evaluating the functions transcription factor EB (TFEB), which regulates lysosomal biogenesis. We performed studies with GFP-LC3 mice, mice with liver-specific deletion of transcription factor EB (TFEB), mice with disruption of the transcription factor E3 gene (TFE3-knockout mice), mice with disruption of the Tefb and Tfe3 genes (TFEB, TFE3 double-knockout mice), and Tfeb flox/flox albumin cre-negative mice (controls). TFEB was overexpressed from adenoviral vectors or knocked down with small interfering RNAs in mouse livers. Mice were placed on diets of chronic ethanol feeding plus an acute binge to induce liver damage (ethanol diet); some mice were also given injections of torin1, an inhibitor of the kinase activity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Liver tissues were collected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry, immunoblots, and quantitative real-time PCR to monitor lysosome biogenesis. We analyzed levels of TFEB in liver tissues from patients with alcoholic hepatitis and from healthy donors (controls) by immunohistochemistry. Liver tissues from mice on the ethanol diet had lower levels of total and nuclear TFEB, compared with control mice, and hepatocytes had reduced lysosome biogenesis and autophagy. Hepatocytes from mice on the ethanol diet had increased translocation of mTOR into lysosomes, resulting increased mTOR activation. Administration of torin1 increased liver levels of TFEB and reduced steatosis and liver injury induced by ethanol. Mice that overexpressed TFEB in liver developed less-severe ethanol-induced liver injury and had increased lysosomal biogenesis and mitochondrial bioenergetics compared to mice carrying a control vector. Mice with knockdown of TFEB, as well as TFEB, TFE3 double-knockout mice, developed more severe liver injury in response to the ethanol diet than control mice. Liver tissues from patients with alcohol-induced hepatitis had lower nuclear levels of TFEB than control tissues CONCLUSIONS: We found chronic ethanol feeding plus an acute binge to reduce hepatic expression of the transcription factor TFEB, which is required for lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Strategies to block mTOR activity or increase levels of TFEB might be developed to protect liver from ethanol-induced damage. Copyright © 2018 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Postoperative recurrence of adult renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion.

PubMed

Wang, Zhen; Liu, Ning; Gan, Weidong; Li, Xiaogong; Zhang, Gutian; Li, Dongmei; Guo, Hongqian

2017-08-01

Objective To analyze the postoperative recurrence of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion (Xp11.2 tRCC). Methods This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board and performed in accordance with the ethical standards established by the institution. Demographic, clinical, pathological, and follow-up data were compiled for the study cohort. Results During a mean follow-up of 41.3 months (range, 3-104 months), 8 of 34 patients with Xp11.2 tRCC were confirmed to have recurrence. Three of these patients died with poor outcomes due to a vena cava tumor embolus, and one died of distant metastasis 48 months after the initial nephrectomy during which lymph node metastasis was found. Three patients survived after cytoreduction surgery. One patient was diagnosed with lung metastasis 11 months postoperatively. Conclusions The TNM classification provides significant prognostic information for Xp11.2 tRCC. A relatively active surveillance algorithm is recommended, and cytoreduction surgery is an effective approach for recurrent Xp11.2 tRCC. Larger studies are required to more extensively investigate the recurrence of these potentially aggressive tumors.

Postoperative recurrence of adult renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion

PubMed Central

Wang, Zhen; Liu, Ning; Li, Xiaogong; Zhang, Gutian; Li, Dongmei; Guo, Hongqian

2017-01-01

Objective To analyze the postoperative recurrence of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion (Xp11.2 tRCC). Methods This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board and performed in accordance with the ethical standards established by the institution. Demographic, clinical, pathological, and follow-up data were compiled for the study cohort. Results During a mean follow-up of 41.3 months (range, 3–104 months), 8 of 34 patients with Xp11.2 tRCC were confirmed to have recurrence. Three of these patients died with poor outcomes due to a vena cava tumor embolus, and one died of distant metastasis 48 months after the initial nephrectomy during which lymph node metastasis was found. Three patients survived after cytoreduction surgery. One patient was diagnosed with lung metastasis 11 months postoperatively. Conclusions The TNM classification provides significant prognostic information for Xp11.2 tRCC. A relatively active surveillance algorithm is recommended, and cytoreduction surgery is an effective approach for recurrent Xp11.2 tRCC. Larger studies are required to more extensively investigate the recurrence of these potentially aggressive tumors. PMID:28587544

Novel gene fusion of PRCC-MITF defines a new member of MiT family translocation renal cell carcinoma: clinicopathological analysis and detection of the gene fusion by RNA sequencing and FISH.

PubMed

Xia, Qiu-Yuan; Wang, Xiao-Tong; Ye, Sheng-Bing; Wang, Xuan; Li, Rui; Shi, Shan-Shan; Fang, Ru; Zhang, Ru-Song; Ma, Heng-Hui; Lu, Zhen-Feng; Shen, Qin; Bao, Wei; Zhou, Xiao-Jun; Rao, Qiu

2018-04-01

MITF, TFE3, TFEB and TFEC belong to the same microphthalmia-associated transcription factor family (MiT). Two transcription factors in this family have been identified in two unusual types of renal cell carcinoma (RCC): Xp11 translocation RCC harbouring TFE3 gene fusions and t(6;11) RCC harbouring a MALAT1-TFEB gene fusion. The 2016 World Health Organisation classification of renal neoplasia grouped these two neoplasms together under the category of MiT family translocation RCC. RCCs associated with the other two MiT family members, MITF and TFEC, have rarely been reported. Herein, we identify a case of MITF translocation RCC with the novel PRCC-MITF gene fusion by RNA sequencing. Histological examination of the present tumour showed typical features of MiT family translocation RCCs, overlapping with Xp11 translocation RCC and t(6;11) RCC. However, this tumour showed negative results in TFE3 and TFEB immunochemistry and split fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) assays. The other MiT family members, MITF and TFEC, were tested further immunochemically and also showed negative results. RNA sequencing and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of a PRCC-MITF gene fusion: a fusion of PRCC exon 5 to MITF exon 4. We then developed FISH assays covering MITF break-apart probes and PRCC-MITF fusion probes to detect the MITF gene rearrangement. This study both proves the recurring existence of MITF translocation RCC and expands the genotype spectrum of MiT family translocation RCCs. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Uncommon Localization of Extrarenal Xp11.2 Translocation-associated Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC): Case Report.

PubMed

Al-Maghrabi, Jaudah Ahmed; Khabaz, Mohamad Nidal

2017-09-04

The World Health Organization has recognized Xp11.2 translocation-associated renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as a distinct neoplasm that arises within the kidney. Although many reports of extrarenal carcinoma may be found in the literature, to the best of our knowledge, Xp11 translocation-associated RCC with intact kidneys has not been documented. This report describes a multilobulated right retroperitoneal soft tissue mass (7.9×5.3×12.6 cm) of a 37-year-old man complaining of abdominal pain in the right side. The patient underwent a computed tomography-guided biopsy. Microscopic evaluation reveals a tumor with papillary and sheaths architectures with cells revealing clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical evaluation on the biopsy reveals that the tumor is positive for PAX-8, CD10, and TFE3. It is negative for CK7, EMA, Vimentin, RCC, CK8/18, D20, CD3, PLAP, OCT4, CD30, MART-1, Inhibin, S-100, HMB-45, Desmin, SMA, and DOG-1. The diagnosis was malignant epithelioid neoplasm and the diagnosis of translocation RCC was suggested. Excision was recommended. The patient underwent right radical nephrectomy with removal of this large mass. Pathologic examination showed a large cystic and solid, nonhomogenous mass with some necrotic areas, originating from the perirenal fat between the adrenal gland and the kidney. Microscopic features showed a tumor with papillary, rhabdoid, and clear cell features. Immunohistochemical stains showed that the tumor cells positively expressed AMACR, PAX-8, CD10, RCC, and TFE3, but were negative for cytokeratins, vimentin, HMB-45, desmin, SMA, EMA, and MSA. Cytogenetic studies confirmed the diagnosis of Xp11.2 translocation-associated RCC with positive TFE3 gene rearrangement. To the best of our knowledge, this type of extrarenal tumor has never been reported.

Synthesis and characterization of T[Ni(CN){sub 4}].2pyz with T=Fe, Ni; pyz=pyrazine: Formation of T-pyz-Ni bridges

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lemus-Santana, A.A.; Rodriguez-Hernandez, J.; Institute of Materials Science and Technology, University of Havana

2011-08-15

The formation of T-pyz-Ni bridges (pyz=pyrazine) in the T[Ni(CN){sub 4}].2pyz series is known for T=Mn, Zn, Cd and Co but not with T=Fe, Ni. In this contribution the existence of such bridges also for T=Fe, Ni is discussed. The obtained pillared solids, T[Ni(CN){sub 4}].2pyz, were characterized from XRD, TG, UV-Vis, IR, Raman, Moessbauer and magnetic data. Their crystal structures were refined in the orthorhombic Pmna space group from XRD powder patterns. The structural behavior of these solids on cooling down to 77 K was also studied. In the 180-200 K temperature range the occurrence of a structural transition to amore » monoclinic structure (P2{sub 1}/c space group) was observed. No temperature induced spin transition was observed for Fe[Ni(CN){sub 4}].2pyz. The iron (II) was found to be in high spin electronic state and this configuration is preserved on cooling down to 2 K. The magnetic data indicate the occurrence of a low temperature weak anti-ferromagnetic interaction between T metal centers within the T[Ni(CN){sub 4}] layer. In the paramagnetic region for Ni[Ni(CN){sub 4}].2pyz, a reversible temperature induced spin transition for the inner Ni atom was detected. - Graphical abstract: Rippled sheets structure for the pillared solids T[Ni(CN){sub 4}].2pyz. The pyrazine molecule is found forming T-pyz-Ni bridges between neighboring layers. Highlights: > Pillared 2D solids. > Inorganic-organic solids. > Assembling of molecular blocks. > From 1D and 2D building blocks to 3D solids.« less

Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma in adults: a clinicopathological and comparative genomic hybridization study

PubMed Central

Zou, Hong; Kang, Xueling; Pang, Li-Juan; Hu, Wenhao; Zhao, Jin; Qi, Yan; Hu, Jianming; Liu, Chunxia; Li, Hongan; Liang, Weihua; Yuan, Xianglin; Li, Feng

2014-01-01

To study the clinicopathological and genomic characteristics of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (Xp11.2 RCC) in adults, we analyzed 9 Xp11.2 RCCs, confirmed by transcription factor E3 (TFE3) immunohistochemistry, in patients aged ≥20 years. TFE3 expression was also determined in 12 cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) served as a positive control. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to investigate genomic imbalances in all Xp11.2 RCC cases. Most of our Xp11.2 RCC patients (5/9) presented with TNM stages 3-4, and 6 patients died 10 months to 7 years after their operation. Histologically, Xp11.2 RCC was composed of a mixed papillary nested/alveolar growth pattern (8/9). Immunostaining showed that all Xp11.2 RCC and ASPS cases had strong TFE3 expression and high positive ratios for p53 and vimentin. However, there were significant differences in the expression of AMACR (p<0.001), AE1/AE3 (p=0.002), and CD10 (p=0.024) between the 2 diseases. CGH profiles showed chromosomal imbalances in all 9 Xp11.2 RCC cases; gains were observed in chromosomes Xp11 (6/9), 7q20-25, 12q25-31 (5/9), 7p16-24 (4/9), 8p12-13, 8q20-21, 16q20-22, 17q25-26, 20q22-23 (4/9), and losses occurred frequently on chromosomes 3p12-16, 9q31-32, 14q22-24 (4/9). Our Conclusions show Xp11.2 RCC that occur in adults may be aggressive cancers, the expressions of AMACR, CD10, AE1/AE3 are helpful in the differential diagnosis between Xp11.2 RCC and ASPS, and CGH assay is a useful complementary method for confirming the diagnosis of Xp11.2 RCC. PMID:24427344

Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma in adults: a clinicopathological and comparative genomic hybridization study.

PubMed

Zou, Hong; Kang, Xueling; Pang, Li-Juan; Hu, Wenhao; Zhao, Jin; Qi, Yan; Hu, Jianming; Liu, Chunxia; Li, Hongan; Liang, Weihua; Yuan, Xianglin; Li, Feng

2014-01-01

To study the clinicopathological and genomic characteristics of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (Xp11.2 RCC) in adults, we analyzed 9 Xp11.2 RCCs, confirmed by transcription factor E3 (TFE3) immunohistochemistry, in patients aged ≥20 years. TFE3 expression was also determined in 12 cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) served as a positive control. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to investigate genomic imbalances in all Xp11.2 RCC cases. Most of our Xp11.2 RCC patients (5/9) presented with TNM stages 3-4, and 6 patients died 10 months to 7 years after their operation. Histologically, Xp11.2 RCC was composed of a mixed papillary nested/alveolar growth pattern (8/9). Immunostaining showed that all Xp11.2 RCC and ASPS cases had strong TFE3 expression and high positive ratios for p53 and vimentin. However, there were significant differences in the expression of AMACR (p<0.001), AE1/AE3 (p=0.002), and CD10 (p=0.024) between the 2 diseases. CGH profiles showed chromosomal imbalances in all 9 Xp11.2 RCC cases; gains were observed in chromosomes Xp11 (6/9), 7q20-25, 12q25-31 (5/9), 7p16-24 (4/9), 8p12-13, 8q20-21, 16q20-22, 17q25-26, 20q22-23 (4/9), and losses occurred frequently on chromosomes 3p12-16, 9q31-32, 14q22-24 (4/9). Our Conclusions show Xp11.2 RCC that occur in adults may be aggressive cancers, the expressions of AMACR, CD10, AE1/AE3 are helpful in the differential diagnosis between Xp11.2 RCC and ASPS, and CGH assay is a useful complementary method for confirming the diagnosis of Xp11.2 RCC.

Threshold responses to soil moisture deficit by trees and soil in tropical rain forests: insights from field experiments

Treesearch

Patrick Meir; Tana Wood; David R. Galbraith; Paulo M. Brando; Antonio C.I. Da Costa; Lucy Rowland; Leandro V. Ferreira

2015-01-01

Many tropical rain forest regions are at risk of increased future drought. The net effects of drought on forest ecosystem functioning will be substantial if important ecological thresholds are passed. However, understanding and predicting these effects is challenging using observational studies alone. Field-based rainfall exclusion (canopy throughfall exclusion; TFE)...

ERBS fuel addendum: Pollution reduction technology program small jet aircraft engines, phase 3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bruce, T. W.; Davis, F. G.; Kuhn, T. E.; Mongia, H. C.

1982-01-01

A Model TFE731-2 engine with a low emission, variable geometry combustion system was tested to compare the effects of operating the engine on Commercial Jet-A aviation turbine fuel and experimental referee broad specification (ERBS) fuels. Low power emission levels were essentially identical while the high power NOx emission indexes were approximately 15% lower with the EBRS fuel. The exhaust smoke number was approximately 50% higher with ERBS at the takeoff thrust setting; however, both values were still below the EPA limit of 40 for the Model TFE731 engine. Primary zone liner wall temperature ran an average of 25 K higher with ERBS fuel than with Jet-A. The possible adoption of broadened proprties fuels for gas turbine applications is suggested.

Temperature dependent electrical transport behavior of InN/GaN heterostructure based Schottky diodes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Roul, Basanta; Kumar, Mahesh; Central Research Laboratory, Bharat Electronics, Bangalore 560013

InN/GaN heterostructure based Schottky diodes were fabricated by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The temperature dependent electrical transport properties were carried out for InN/GaN heterostructure. The barrier height and the ideality factor of the Schottky diodes were found to be temperature dependent. The temperature dependence of the barrier height indicates that the Schottky barrier height is inhomogeneous in nature at the heterostructure interface. The higher value of the ideality factor and its temperature dependence suggest that the current transport is primarily dominated by thermionic field emission (TFE) other than thermionic emission (TE). The room temperature barrier height obtained by using TEmore » and TFE models were 1.08 and 1.43 eV, respectively.« less

Cyto-histological correlation of Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion associated renal cell carcinoma: Report of a case with review of literature.

PubMed

Manucha, Varsha; Sessums, Mary T; Lewin, Jack; Akhtar, Israh

2018-03-01

The MiT family translocation renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are relatively rare in comparison to the conventional RCC. The cytologic features overlap with conventional clear cell RCC and papillary RCCs, thereby making the diagnosis extremely challenging. Here, we describe a case of TFE3 translocation associated RCC in a 58-year-old patient, with emphasis on cytomorphologic features and clues toward this diagnostic entity. Correlating the cytohistologic findings and review of touch imprints revealed that presence of hyaline nodules resembling leisegang rings and psammoma bodies in cytologic smears from kidney tumors serve as an important clue in raising a suspicion for the diagnosis of MiT family translocation RCCs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma with multiple bone metastases: A case report

PubMed Central

LIU, JIAJU; SU, ZHENGMING; LI, YIFAN; CHEN, DUQUN; NI, LIANGCHAO; MAO, XIANGMING; YANG, SHANGQI; LAI, YONGQING

2016-01-01

Xp11.2 translocation/transcription factor enhancer 3 (TFE3) fusion gene associated with renal cell carcinoma (Xp11.2 translocation RCC) is rare and occurs predominantly in children and adolescents. The current study reports the case of a 14-year-old male with Xp11.2 translocation RCC, who presented with chest pain that had persisted for 1 month. A solid neoplasm was located in the left kidney of the patient. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed the presence of a solid mass in the kidney, with uneven enhancement. Destruction of multiple bones was also observed. The patient was treated with a radical nephrectomy. The pathological examination of the tumor revealed that the tumor cells contained an eosinophilic cytoplasm in the renal interstitial tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells expressed P504S, cluster of differentiation 10, pan-cytokeratin, vimentin and TFE3. In conclusion, Xp11.2 translocation RCC is a rare type of kidney cancer. Diagnosing this disease prior to surgery is challenging, and providing a definite diagnosis requires histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, while genetic analysis may also be required. PMID:26998154

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma with multiple bone metastases: A case report.

PubMed

Liu, Jiaju; Su, Zhengming; Li, Yifan; Chen, Duqun; Ni, Liangchao; Mao, Xiangming; Yang, Shangqi; Lai, Yongqing

2016-03-01

Xp11.2 translocation/transcription factor enhancer 3 (TFE3) fusion gene associated with renal cell carcinoma (Xp11.2 translocation RCC) is rare and occurs predominantly in children and adolescents. The current study reports the case of a 14-year-old male with Xp11.2 translocation RCC, who presented with chest pain that had persisted for 1 month. A solid neoplasm was located in the left kidney of the patient. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed the presence of a solid mass in the kidney, with uneven enhancement. Destruction of multiple bones was also observed. The patient was treated with a radical nephrectomy. The pathological examination of the tumor revealed that the tumor cells contained an eosinophilic cytoplasm in the renal interstitial tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells expressed P504S, cluster of differentiation 10, pan-cytokeratin, vimentin and TFE3. In conclusion, Xp11.2 translocation RCC is a rare type of kidney cancer. Diagnosing this disease prior to surgery is challenging, and providing a definite diagnosis requires histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, while genetic analysis may also be required.

Flexible endoscopy for pediatric tracheobronchial metallic stent placement, maintenance and long-term outcomes

PubMed Central

2018-01-01

Objectives To assess the placement, surveillance management and long-term outcomes of the tracheobronchial (TB) balloon expandable metallic stent (BEMS) managed by therapeutic flexible endoscopy (TFE). Methods This is a retrospective review and analysis of all computerized medical records and related flexible endoscopy videos of pediatric patients who received TB BEMS during 20 years period, from January 1997 to December 2016. TFE techniques with forceps debridement, balloon dilatation and laser ablation were used to implant stents, perform regular surveillance, maintain their functions, and expand the diameters of BEMS. Short-length (30cm-36cm) endoscopes of OD 3.2mm to 5.0mm coupled with the noninvasive ventilation, without ventilation bag, mask or airway tube, supported the whole procedures. Results 146 BEMS were implanted in 87 consecutive children, including 84 tracheal, 15 carinal and 47 bronchial stents. At the time of placement, the mean age was 35.6 ± 54.6 month-old (range 0.3–228) and the mean body weight was 13.9 ± 10.6 kg (range 2.2–60). Surveillance period was 9.4 ± 6.7 years (range, 0.3–18.0). Satisfactory clinical improvements were noted immediately in all but two patients. Seventy-two (82.8%) patients were still alive with stable respiratory status, except two patients necessitating TFE management every two months. Fifty-one stents, including 35 tracheal and 16 bronchial ones, were successfully retrieved mainly with rigid endoscopy. Implanted stents could be significantly (< .001) further expanded for growing TB lumens. The final stent diameters were positively correlated to the implanted duration. Altogether, 33 stents expired (15 patients), 51 were retrieved (40 patients), and 62 remained and functioning well (38 patients), with their mean duration of 7.4 ± 9.5, 34.9 ± 36.3 and 82.3 ± 62.5 months, respectively. Conclusion In pediatric patients, TFE with short-length scopes coupled with this NIV support has provided a safe, feasible and effective modality in placing and subsequently managing TB BEMS with acceptable long-term outcomes. PMID:29420596

Army Training Study: Training Effectiveness Analysis (TEA) Summary. Volume 1. Armor.

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-08-08

c. r tf(e rx =r) rfs it ,, 0’( r’( r , a S’ f "’ u nn Ir Irf I I. * 222 ARM’- NN :TuDY TWANINC EFFCIUENEZ-: ANALISIS TEA : MMARY ’JLUM~ I ARMOR U...marginally above 50%, however, probably is not. 22 TABLE 10 TANK CREW QUALIFICATION PERFORMANCE ON TASK STANDARDS S TANDARD SATI S FACTORY Day

Fluoropolymer Dynamics: Effects of Perfluoromethyl Branches

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eby, R. K.; Holt, D. B.; Farmer, B. L.; Adams, D. D.

1997-03-01

Previous simulations of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the solid state showed that the interaction and movement of helix reversals plays an important role in the dynamic behavior of this important polymer. Copolymers of TFE and hexafluoropropylene (HFP), which can be viewed as PTFE with perfluoromethyl (PFM) group branch defects, is also widely used. Molecular mechanics and dynamics calculations have been performed with PTFE chain clusters containing PFM branches to investigate the effect of these defects on the local crystalline environment (and vice versa) and on the motions and interactions of helix reversals. Initial results indicate that helix reversals are attracted to sites of PFM branches in a chain. Such an interaction will impede the motions of helix reversals and have an impact on macroscopic mechanical properties such as resistance to plastic deformation under shear.

Developmental status of thermionic materials.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yang, L.; Chin, J.

1972-01-01

Description of the reference materials selected for the major components of the unit cell of a thermionic pile element (TFE), the out-of-pile and in-pile test results, and current efforts for improving the life and performance of thermionic fuel elements. The component materials are required to withstand the fuel burnup and fast neutron fluence dictated by the thermionic reactor system. Tungsten was selected as the cladding material because of its compatibility with both the carbide and the oxide fuel materials. Niobium was selected as the collector material because its thermal expansion coefficient matches closely with that of the thin aluminum oxide layer used to electrically insulate the collector from the TFE sheath. An unfueled converter has performed stably over 41,000 hr. Accelerated irradiation tests have attained burnups equivalent to that for 40,000 hr of the thermionic reactor under consideration.

Manufacture and quality control of interconnecting wire hardnesses, Volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

A standard is presented for manufacture, installation, and quality control of eight types of interconnecting wire harnesses. The processes, process controls, and inspection and test requirements reflected are based on acknowledgment of harness design requirements, acknowledgment of harness installation requirements, identification of the various parts, materials, etc., utilized in harness manufacture, and formulation of a typical manufacturing flow diagram for identification of each manufacturing and quality control process, operation, inspection, and test. The document covers interconnecting wire harnesses defined in the design standard, including type 1, enclosed in fluorocarbon elastomer convolute, tubing; type 2, enclosed in TFE convolute tubing lines with fiberglass braid; type 3, enclosed in TFE convolute tubing; and type 5, combination of types 3 and 4. Knowledge gained through experience on the Saturn 5 program coupled with recent advances in techniques, materials, and processes was incorporated.

Thin film encapsulation for flexible AM-OLED: a review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Jin-Seong; Chae, Heeyeop; Chung, Ho Kyoon; In Lee, Sang

2011-03-01

Flexible organic light emitting diode (OLED) will be the ultimate display technology to customers and industries in the near future but the challenges are still being unveiled one by one. Thin-film encapsulation (TFE) technology is the most demanding requirement to prevent water and oxygen permeation into flexible OLED devices. As a polymer substrate does not offer the same barrier performance as glass, the TFE should be developed on both the bottom and top side of the device layers for sufficient lifetimes. This work provides a review of promising thin-film barrier technologies as well as the basic gas diffusion background. Topics include the significance of the device structure, permeation rate measurement, proposed permeation mechanism, and thin-film deposition technologies (Vitex system and atomic layer deposition (ALD)/molecular layer deposition (MLD)) for effective barrier films.

Multicentric visceral epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, with extremity dermal deposits, unusual late recurrence on the nasal bridge, and TFE3 gene rearrangement.

PubMed

Thway, Khin; Mentzel, Thomas; Perrett, Conal M; Calonje, Eduardo

2018-02-01

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a malignant neoplasm with vascular differentiation that most frequently occurs within soft tissues, bone, lung, and liver. It is histologically typified by epithelioid or spindle cells present singly or in cords or clusters, many with cytoplasmic vacuoles that can contain intraluminal erythrocytes (in keeping with primitive vascular differentiation), within myxohyaline or sclerotic matrix. Up to 50% present with synchronous lesions as multifocal disease. The WWTR1-CAMTA1 fusion has been demonstrated in EHEs at a variety of sites and is considered to represent its genetic hallmark. We describe a case of EHE in a patient who initially presented with multiple liver and pulmonary deposits, was found to have a soft tissue lesion in the foot, and then presented with further lesions on the nasal bridge and the arm approximately 6 years after initial presentation. Interestingly, the case showed diffuse CAMTA1 expression but negative TFE3 immunohistochemically, but in contrast showed TFE3 gene rearrangement with fluorescence in situ hybridization but no evidence of WWTR1-CAMTA1 translocation. The clinical behavior of EHE is unpredictable, and this case highlights unusual anatomic, immunohistochemical, and molecular cytogenetic findings. Characterization of the genetics of EHE is important because targeted therapies toward products of the specific WWTR1-CAMTA1 gene fusion may have an impact in the near future. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Application of polyclonal break-apart probes in the diagnosis of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma].

PubMed

Chen, Xiancheng; Gan, Weidong; Ye, Qing; Yang, Jun; Guo, Hongqian; Li, Dongmei

2014-12-16

To explore the value of self-designed fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) polyclonal break-apart probes specific for TFE3 gene in the diagnosis of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma. All tissue samples were collected from 2006 to 2013, including Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (n = 10), renal clear cell carcinoma (n = 10) and renal papillary cell carcinoma (n = 10). FISH was conducted for paraffin-embedded tumor tissue sections with probes. The types of fluorescence were observed by fluorescent microscopy to determine the existence or non-existence of translocated TFE3 gene. All sections were successfully probed. The split red and green signals within a single nucleus were detected simultaneously in 9 cases of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma as diagnosed by traditional pathological and immunohistochemical methods. And it was consistent with the initial diagnosis. Detection of fusion signal in 1/10 and negative FISH result did not conform to the initial diagnosis. The fluorescent types of renal clear cell carcinoma and renal papillary cell carcinoma were all fusion signals. FISH tests were negative for renal clear and papillary cell carcinomas. Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinomas diagnosed by traditional pathological and immunohistochemical methods are sometimes misdiagnosed. Detecting the translocation of TFE3 gene with FISH polyclonal break-apart probes is both accurate and reliable for diagnosing Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma.

The hydrolysis of epoxides catalyzed by inorganic ammonium salts in water: kinetic evidence for hydrogen bond catalysis.

PubMed

Nozière, B; Fache, F; Maxut, A; Fenet, B; Baudouin, A; Fine, L; Ferronato, C

2018-01-17

Naturally-occurring inorganic ammonium ions have been recently reported as efficient catalysts for some organic reactions in water, which contributes to the understanding of the chemistry in some natural environments (soils, seawater, atmospheric aerosols, …) and biological systems, and is also potentially interesting for green chemistry as many of their salts are cheap and non-toxic. In this work, the effect of NH 4 + ions on the hydrolysis of small epoxides in water was studied kinetically. The presence of NH 4 + increased the hydrolysis rate by a factor of 6 to 25 compared to pure water and these catalytic effects were shown not to result from other ions, counter-ions or from acid or base catalysis, general or specific. The small amounts of amino alcohols produced in the reactions were identified as the actual catalysts by obtaining a strong acceleration of the reactions when adding these compounds directly to the epoxides in water. Replacing the amino alcohols by other strong hydrogen-bond donors, such as trifluoroethanol (TFE) or hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) gave the same results, demonstrating that the kinetics of these reactions was driven by hydrogen-bond catalysis. Because of the presence of many hydrogen-bond donors in natural environments (for instance amines and hydroxy-containing compounds), hydrogen-bond catalysis is likely to contribute to many reaction rates in these environments.

Beta-hairpin formation in aqueous solution and in the presence of trifluoroethanol: a (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance conformational study of designed peptides.

PubMed

Santiveri, Clara M; Pantoja-Uceda, David; Rico, Manuel; Jiménez, M Angeles

2005-10-15

In order to check our current knowledge on the principles involved in beta-hairpin formation, we have modified the sequence of a 3:5 beta-hairpin forming peptide with two different purposes, first to increase the stability of the formed 3:5 beta-hairpin, and second to convert the 3:5 beta-hairpin into a 2:2 beta-hairpin. The conformational behavior of the designed peptides was investigated in aqueous solution and in 30% trifluoroethanol (TFE) by analysis of the following nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters: nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) data, and C(alpha)H, (13)C(alpha), and (13)C(beta) conformational shifts. From the differences in the ability to adopt beta-hairpin structures in these peptides, we have arrived to the following conclusions: (i) beta-Hairpin population increases with the statistical propensity of residues to occupy each turn position. (ii) The loop length, and in turn, the beta-hairpin type, can be modified as a function of the type of turn favored by the loop sequence. These two conclusions reinforce previous results about the importance of beta-turn sequence in beta-hairpin folding. (iii) Side-chain packing on each face of the beta-sheet may play a major role in beta-hairpin stability; hence simplified analysis in terms of isolated pair interactions and intrinsic beta-sheet propensities is insufficient. (iv) Contributions to beta-hairpin stability of turn and strand sequences are not completely independent. (v) The burial of hydrophobic surface upon beta-hairpin formation that, in turn, depends on side-chain packing also contributes to beta-hairpin stability. (vi) As previously observed, TFE stabilizes beta-hairpin structures, but the extent of the contribution of different factors to beta-hairpin formation is sometimes different in aqueous solution and in 30% TFE. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 79: 150-162, 2005.

Tissue engineering of human oral mucosa on different scaffolds: in vitro experiments as a basis for clinical applications.

PubMed

Kriegebaum, Ulrike; Mildenberger, Michael; Mueller-Richter, Urs D A; Klammert, Uwe; Kuebler, Alexander C; Reuther, Tobias

2012-11-01

The lack of oral mucosa in oral and maxillofacial surgery for intraoral grafting after trauma or tumor resection can be balanced by tissue-engineered oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to generate a tissue-engineered oral mucosa equivalent (OME). First, primary oral fibroblasts were cultured for 7 days on different materials: Tissufoil E (TFE), dermal regeneration template (DRT), and Vicryl. Then, cocultures were established by seeding of primary oral keratinocytes and culturing for another 7-14 days. Immunohistochemical staining for CD90, cytokeratin 14 and collagen IV as well as gene expression analysis using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to get information about cell architecture and basal membrane formation. Vicryl showed good mechanical stability but mixed cell growth. TFE provided the best cell growth with good cell architecture and basal membrane formation but showed degradation. The best results for the above-mentioned criteria were seen with DRT. It was possible to create OMEs on all 3 scaffolds. The arrangement of the cells strongly depends on the texture of the material. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A 13-year-old female with Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma; the first case diagnosed at Siriraj Hospital.

PubMed

Hanamornroongruang, Suchanan; Treetipsatit, Jitsupa; Pongtanakul, Bunchoo; Seangchai, Napakorn

2012-07-01

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinomas are rare tumors characterized by translocations involving chromosome Xp11.2. These tumors are predominantly reported in pediatric patients. The authors report Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma in a 13-year-old girl who presented with asymptomatic palpable right renal mass. Right radical nephrectomy was performed and revealed a well-defined solid mass at the lower pole of the kidney. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of sheets and nests of clear to pale eosinophilic cells with some alveolar growth pattern. Psammoma bodies were detected. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells marked with TFE3, focally marked with smooth muscle actin, HMB-45, CD68, progesterone receptor (PR) and CD10 but did not mark with epithelial markers (AE1/AE3, EMA and CAM5.2), vimentin, S-100 and p53. The presence of psammoma bodies is an important diagnostic clue for these tumors. Cytogenetic study and/or immunohistochemistry for TFE3 protein are needed for confirming the diagnosis. Currently, surgery seems to be the most effective therapy Pediatric patients with these tumors are believed to have a favorable prognosis.

ESCA Study of Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride) Tetrafluoroethylene - Ethylene Copolymer and Polyethylene Exposed to Atomic Oxygen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Golub, Morton A.; Cormia, Robert D.

1989-01-01

The ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) spectra of films of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer (TFE/ET) and polyethylene (PE) exposed to atomic oxygen (O(P-3)), in or out of the glow of a radio-frequency O2 plasma, were compared. ESCA spectra of PE films exposed to (O(P-3)) in low Earth orbit (LEO) on the STS-8 Space Shuttle were also examined. Apart from O(P-3)-induced surface recession (etching), the various polymer films exhibited surface oxidation, which proceeded towards equilibrium saturation oxygen levels. The maximum surface oxygen uptakes for in-glow or out-of-glow exposures were in the order: PE greater than TFE/ET greater than PVDF; for PE itself, the oxygen uptakes were in the order: in glow greater than out of glow greater than LEO. Given prior ESCA data on poly(vinyl fluoride) and polytetrafluoroethylene films exposed to O(P-3), the extent of surface oxidation is seen to decrease regularly with increase in fluorine substitution in a family of ethylene-type polymers. (Keywords: ESCA; poly(vinylidene fluoride); tetrafluoroethylene ethylene copolymer; polyethylene; atomic oxygen; radio-frequency oxygen plasma; low Earth orbit)

Experimental Investigation of the Herschel-Quincke Tube Concept on the Honeywell TFE731-60

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Jerome P.; Burdisso, Ricardo A.; Gerhold, Carl H. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

This report summarizes the key results obtained by the Vibration and Acoustics Laboratories at Virginia Tech over the period from January 1999 to December 2000 on the project 'Investigation of an Adaptive Herschel-Quincke Tube Concept for the Reduction of Tonal and Broadband Noise from Turbofan Engines', funded by NASA Langley Research Center. The Herschel-Quincke (HQ) tube concept is a developing technique that consists of circumferential arrays of tubes around the duct. A fixed array of tubes is installed on the inlet duct of the Honeywell TFE731-60 engine. Two array designs are incorporated into the inlet treatment, each designed for a different circumferential mode order which is expected to be cut on in the duct. Far field and in-duct noise measurement data are presented which demonstrate the effectiveness of the HQ concept for array 1, array 2, and both operating simultaneously.

Pollution reduction technology program for small jet aircraft engines, phase 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bruce, T. W.; Davis, F. G.; Kuhn, T. E.; Mongia, H. C.

1977-01-01

A series of combustor pressure rig screening tests was conducted on three combustor concepts applied to the TFE731-2 turbofan engine combustion system for the purpose of evaluating their relative emissions reduction potential consistent with prescribed performance, durability, and envelope contraints. The three concepts and their modifications represented increasing potential for reducing emission levels with the penalty of increased hardware complexity and operational risk. Concept 1 entailed advanced modifications to the present production TFE731-2 combustion system. Concept 2 was based on the incorporation of an axial air-assisted airblast fuel injection system. Concept 3 was a staged premix/prevaporizing combustion system. Significant emissions reductions were achieved in all three concepts, consistent with acceptable combustion system performance. Concepts 2 and 3 were identified as having the greatest achievable emissions reduction potential, and were selected to undergo refinement to prepare for ultimate incorporation within an engine.

Effects of atomic oxygen on polymeric materials flown on EOIM-3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kamenetzky, Rachel R.; Linton, Roger C.; Finckenor, Miria M.; Vaughn, Jason A.

1995-01-01

Diverse polymeric materials, including several variations of Kapton, were flown on STS-46 as part of the Evaluation of Oxygen Interaction with Materials Experiment (EOIM-3). These materials were flown in the cargo bay and exposed to the space environment July 31 - August 8, 1992, including 40 hours of direct atomic oxygen impingement. The atomic oxygen exposure was approximately 2.2 x 10(exp 20) atoms/sq cm. Polymeric materials flown on EOIM-3 include coated and uncoated Kapton, Tefzel ETFE, Lexan, FEP and TFE Teflon, bulk Halar and PEEK, S383 silicone and Viton elastomeric seal material. Analyses performed included thickness measurements using Dektak and eddy current methods, mass loss, resistance, permeability, hardness, and FTIR. The effects of stress and the space environment on Kapton were also evaluated. Previous EOIM missions on STS-5 and STS-8 and the Long Duration Exposure Facility also contained polymeric material samples. Data from these previous flights are shown for comparison, as well as ground simulation of space environment effects using both thermal energy flow tubes and 5 eV neutral atomic oxygen beam facilities. Reaction efficiencies for the various atomic oxygen exposure conditions are discussed.

Cathepsin K expression in a wide spectrum of perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComas): a clinicopathological study emphasizing extrarenal PEComas.

PubMed

Rao, Qiu; Cheng, Liang; Xia, Qiu-yuan; Liu, Biao; Li, Li; Shi, Qun-li; Shi, Shan-shan; Yu, Bo; Zhang, Ru-song; Ma, Heng-hui; Lu, Zhen-feng; Tu, Pin; Zhou, Xiao-jun

2013-03-01

Recent studies have demonstrated that cathepsin K seems to be a powerful marker in identifying renal perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComas). However, the expression in extrarenal PEComas has not been well characterized due to their rare incidence. Our aim was to investigate the expression of cathepsin K in a wide spectrum of extrarenal PEComas and evaluate its potential diagnostic usefulness in comparison with other commonly used markers. Twenty-three cases of PEComa (liver, n = 9; lung, n = 1; broad ligament of uterus, n = 1; vertex subcutaneous soft tissue, n = 1; abdominal wall, n = 1; and kidney, n = 10) were selected for study. All displayed a high percentage of cells with moderately to strongly positive reactions for cathepsin K (mean 91%; range 80-100%). HMB45, Melan-A and smooth muscle actin (SMA) were expressed in 78, 87 and 87% of cases, respectively, with various percentages of positive cells (mean, 34, 40 and 38%; range 0-80, 0-90 and 0-90%). Transcription factor E3 (TFE3) was expressed strongly in only three cases; none exhibited evidence of TFE3 gene fusion or amplification. Cathepsin K appears to be more powerful than other commonly used markers in diagnosing a wide spectrum of PEComas and distinguishing them from the majority of human cancers. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

77 FR 1043 - Airworthiness Directives; Honeywell International Inc. Turbofan Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-09

... International Inc. Turbofan Engines AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of... Honeywell International Inc. TFE731-20R, -20AR, -20BR, -40, -40AR, -40R, -50R, and -60 turbofan engines. (i...

Adult-onset renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion: 3 case reports and review of literature.

PubMed

Gong, Pengfeng; Zhuang, Qianfeng; Wang, Kun; Xu, Renfang; Chen, Yiming; Wang, Xiaogang; Yin, Shuai

2018-06-01

Renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma. This predominantly occurs in juveniles, but rarely seen in adults with lymph node or organic metastasis and a worsened prognosis. Herein, we presented 3 adult cases of Xp11-RCC. Two patients were in early stage and good condition, and the third patient had lymph node metastasis but showed no recurrence after a 3-month follow-up. Case 1: A 50-year-old female without any lumbago and gross hematuria was incidentally detected by left renal mass by ultrasonography. Case 2: A 31-year-old female with 2-year hemodialysis was detected with right renal carcinoma during preoperative examination of renal transplant. Case 3: A 45-year-old male with right lumbago for 1 month was detected with a mass in the lower pole of right kidney by ultrasonography. The characteristics of these 3 images are not consistent with each other, and showed some differences with the previous ones. All these 3 patients underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, and case 1 patient underwent renal hilar lymphnode dissection at the same time. Immunohistochemistry was performed on all the 3 tumors, revealing that the tumor cells were positive for TFE3 and Melan-A. Case 1 showed lymph node metastasis, and received mTOR inhibitors. The 3 patients had no recurrent and new metastasis in other organs after follow-up for 3 months, 2 months, and 11 months, respectively. Whether the adult-onset Xp-RCC has an aggressive clinical course still remains controversial. Characteristics of the images of the 3 adult cases showed some uniformity but still have some differences. Immunohistochemistry results revealed tumor cell positive for TFE3, but have no consistency in carbonic anhydrase IX, CD117, Ki67, CK8/18 AE1/AE3 and so on. Therefore, the uniform and definitive diagnostic standards of the tumors are uncertain. Hence, more cases and findings are required to elaborate the standards of all the tumor subtypes. Vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy showed some efficacious results in patients with metastasis, but more useful treatments are warranted.

A Study of the Properties of a New Goodness-of-Fit Test

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-01

FANDOM STAEILIZEC STANDARD FORM 4LFH/S = 1.30, EET4 = 0,0 NIMEER OF HYPOTHESIS REJECTIONS IN 5000 REPLICATIONS 49 CHI SQU/RFD TFST 20 PTS 3C PTS 5C FT...51 240 PSSF 10? 2708 VS 5% 2043 N (0,1) 1? 1023 •CCNTRCL’ IS THE T EST OF UNIF0RM(0,1> VS UNIFORMED •RSSF* IS TFE FANDOM STAEILIZEQ STANDARD FORM ALPH

Conformational analysis of a synthetic fish kisspeptin 1 peptide in membrane mimicking environments

PubMed Central

Shahi, Neetu; Singh, Atul Kumar; Khangembam, Victoria Chanu; Singh, Arvind Kumar; Kumar, Satish

2017-01-01

Kisspeptin 1 is a neuropeptide hormone of the RFamide family, which act as an upstream regulator of brain-pituitary-gonad (BPG) axis in most vertebrates including teleosts. In the present study, a 16 amino acid long putative mature bioactive peptide (kiss 1) from preprokisspeptin 1 of golden mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822), was synthesized and characterized using an integrated (experimental and in silico) approach. The far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of this peptide was evaluated both in aqueous and membrane mimicking solvents (TFE, HFIP and Dioxane). The results indicate that kiss 1 peptide adopted helical, turn and β conformations in membrane like environments. The near-UV CD spectroscopy was also carried out to examine the tertiary packing around aromatic residues of kiss 1 peptide and the peptide-membrane complex. The kiss 1 peptide exhibited little signal in water, but a prominent negative band was observed at around 275 nm when membrane mimetic solution was added. The observed ordered conformations of kiss 1 peptide in the different solvents indicated its potential biological activity which could enhance the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at BPG axis. The conformational information generated from the present study reinforces the application prospects of bioactive synthetic peptide analogs of kisspeptin 1 in improving the reproductive performances of important cultivable fish species. PMID:28977030

Saran film is fire-retardant in oxygen atmosphere

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goodwin, J. T.; Herrera, W. R.

1968-01-01

Saran was tested for flammability as a wrapping on TFE-insulated electrical wire bundles in oxygen gas at pressures of 7.5 psia and 14.7 psia. It was found to be fire retardant or self-extinguishing in most instances.

Whitey SCHe Ball Valves Provide Test Port Isolation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

MISKA, C.R.

2000-09-15

These valves are 1/4 inch ball valves fabricated of 316 stainless steel. Packing is TFE (standard). They are used as normally closed isolation valves for test ports in the SCHe System between the gage root valve and the pressure indicator.

Ultrasonographic Findings of Renal Cell Carcinomas Associated with Xp11.2 Translocation/TFE3 Gene Fusion.

PubMed

Ling, Wenwu; Ma, Xuelei; Luo, Yan; Chen, Linyan; Wang, Huiyao; Wang, Xiaoling; Chen, Ni; Zeng, Hao; Li, Yongzhong; Cai, Diming

2017-01-01

This study was to investigate the features of renal carcinomas associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions (Xp11.2-RCC) on conventional ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). US and CEUS features of twenty-two cases with histopathologically proven Xp11.2-RCC were retrospectively reviewed. 22 patients (11 males, 11 females) were included in this study, with a mean age of 28.3 ± 20.4 years. Eight tumors (36.3%, 8/22) were in left kidney, and 14 tumors (63.7%, 14/22) were in right kidney. All tumors (100%, 22/22) were mixed echogenicity type. 13 tumors (59.1%, 13/22) presented small dotted calcifications. The boundary of 14 tumors (63.6%, 14/22) was sharp and the other 8 tumors' (36.4%, 8/22) boundary was blurry. By CEUS, in early phase, the solid element of all tumors showed obvious enhancement. In delayed phase, 13 tumors showed hypoenhancement, seven tumors showed isoenhancement, and 2 tumors showed hyperenhancement. There were irregular nonenhancement areas in all tumors inside. By US and CEUS, when children and adolescents were found to have hyperechoic mixed tumor in kidney with sharp margin and calcification, and the tumors showed obvious enhancement and hypoenhancement with irregular nonenhancement areas in the tumor in early phase and delayed phase, respectively, Xp11.2-RCC should be suspected.

MiT family translocation renal cell carcinoma.

PubMed

Argani, Pedram

2015-03-01

The MiT subfamily of transcription factors includes TFE3, TFEB, TFC, and MiTF. Gene fusions involving two of these transcription factors have been identified in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The Xp11 translocation RCCs were first officially recognized in the 2004 WHO renal tumor classification, and harbor gene fusions involving TFE3. The t(6;11) RCCs harbor a specific Alpha-TFEB gene fusion and were first officially recognized in the 2013 International Society of Urologic Pathology (ISUP) Vancouver classification of renal neoplasia. These two subtypes of translocation RCC have many similarities. Both were initially described in and disproportionately involve young patients, though adult translocation RCC may overall outnumber pediatric cases. Both often have unusual and distinctive morphologies; the Xp11 translocation RCCs frequently have clear cells with papillary architecture and abundant psammomatous bodies, while the t(6;11) RCCs frequently have a biphasic appearance with both large and small epithelioid cells and nodules of basement membrane material. However, the morphology of these two neoplasms can overlap, with one mimicking the other. Both of these RCCs underexpress epithelial immunohistochemical markers like cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) relative to most other RCCs. Unlike other RCCs, both frequently express the cysteine protease cathepsin k and often express melanocytic markers like HMB45 and Melan A. Finally, TFE3 and TFEB have overlapping functional activity as these two transcription factors frequently heterodimerize and bind to the same targets. Therefore, on the basis of clinical, morphologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic similarities, the 2013 ISUP Vancouver classification of renal neoplasia grouped these two neoplasms together under the heading of "MiT family translocation RCC." This review summarizes our current knowledge of these recently described RCCs. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Seismic processes and migration of magma during the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption of 1975-1976 and Tolbachik Fissure Eruption of 2012-2013, Kamchatka Peninsula

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fedotov, S. A.; Slavina, L. B.; Senyukov, S. L.; Kuchay, M. S.

2015-12-01

Seismic and volcanic processes in the area of the northern group of volcanoes (NGV) in Kamchatka Peninsula that accompanied the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (GTFE) of 1975-1976 and the Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (TFE, or "50 let IViS" due to anniversary of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences) of 2012-2013 and the seismic activity between these events are considered. The features of evolution of seismic processes of the major NGV volcanoes (Ploskii Tolbachik, Klyuchevskoy, Bezymannyi, and Shiveluch) are revealed. The distribution of earthquakes along depth, their spatial and temporal migration, and the relation of seismic and volcanic activity are discussed. The major features of seismic activity during the GTFE preparation and evolution and a development of earthquake series preceding the origin of the northern and southern breaks are described. The character of seismic activity between the GTFE and TFE is shown. The major peculiarities of evolution of seismic activity preceding and accompanying the TFE are described. The major magma sources and conduits of the NGV volcanoes are identified, as is the existence of a main conduit in the mantle and a common intermediate source for the entire NGV, the depth of which is 25-35 km according to seismic data. The depth of a neutral buoyancy layer below the NGV is 15-20 km and the source of areal volcanism of magnesian basalts northeast of the Klyuchevskoy volcano is located at depth of ~20 km. These data support the major properties of a 2010 geophysical model of magmatic feeding system of the Klyuchevskoy group of volcanoes. The present paper covers a wider NGV area and is based on the real experimental observations.

Electrospraying technique for the fabrication of metronidazole contained PLGA particles and their release profile.

PubMed

Prabhakaran, Molamma P; Zamani, Maedeh; Felice, Betiana; Ramakrishna, Seeram

2015-11-01

Advanced engineering of materials for the development of drug delivery devices provides scope for novel and versatile strategies for treatment of various diseases. 'Electrospraying' was used to prepare PLGA microparticles and further encapsulate the drug, metronidazole (Met) within the particles to function as a drug delivery system. Two different solvents were utilized for the preparation of drug loaded PLGA particles, whereby the polymeric solution in dichloromethane (DCM) produced particles of bigger sizes than using trifluoroethanol (TFE). Scanning electron microscopy showed the spherical morphology of the particles, with sizes of 3946±407nm and 1774±167nm, respectively for PLGA-Met(DCM) and PLGA-Met(TFE). The FTIR spectroscopy proved the incorporation of metronidazole in the polymer, but without any specific drug-polymer interaction. The release of the drug from the particles was studied in phosphate buffered saline, where a sustained drug release was obtained for at least 41days. Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug extract using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) showed not hindering the proliferation of MSCs, and the cell phenotype was retained after incubation in the drug containing media. Electrospraying is suggested as a cost-effective and single step process for the preparation of polymeric microparticles for prolonged and controlled release of drug. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cytologic Features of Renal Carcinoma Associated with Xp11.2 Translocations/ TFE3 Gene Fusions: A Case Report with Voided and Catheterized Urine Cytology and a Literature Review.

PubMed

Kuwamoto, Satoshi; Murai, Yuki; Endo, Yukari; Masago, Toshihiko; Kuroda, Naoto; Horie, Yasushi

2014-01-01

Renal carcinomas associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions are rare subtypes of renal neoplasm that predominantly occur in younger individuals. There are very few reports describing the cytologic features of these tumors. A 27-year-old man presented with hematuria and was found to have a mass in the lower part of the right kidney. Cytology of catheterized urine obtained from the right renal pelvis showed clusters of cells with abundant clear or eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, large round nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Papillary clusters containing thin fibrous stroma were occasionally seen. Voided urine cytology showed similar cell clusters but degeneration made the features obscure. Nephroureterectomy revealed a renal tumor showing a mixed papillary and nested architecture. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The present case indicates that the characteristic features of these tumor subtypes can be retained in urine cytology. Cytology may be enough to suspect these tumors as part of the differential diagnosis when the patient's age and imaging findings are taken into account and may facilitate further studies for a definitive diagnosis. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Solution blow spun Poly(lactic acid)/Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nanofibers with antimicrobial properties

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibers containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and tetracycline hydrochloride (THC) were solution blow spun from two different solvents, chloroform/acetone (CA, 80:20 v/v) and 2,2,2-triflouroethanol (TFE). The diameter distribution, chemical, thermal, thermal stab...

Intercalated Graphite Fiber Conductor.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-01

melting solders, used as electrical contacts as well as sealants for the glass containers described earlier, and high temperature gold varnish , used on...corrosion resistant to fluorine containing chemicals. Since the moisture permeability of the TFE is much less than that of the FEP, attempts were made to

Variations in iron and calcium abundances during solar flares

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antonucci, E.; Martin, R.

1995-07-01

Evidence for variations in iron and calcium abundances during the impulsive phase of solar flares has been obtained by analyzing the Ca XIX and Fe XXV spectra, detected with the Bent Crystal Spectrometer of the Solar Maximum Mission. The plasma thermal conditions have been investigated by considering different temperature indicators: namely, the temperatures TCa and TFe, derived from the intensity ratios of the dielectronic recombination satellites to the resonance line, and the temperature TCaFe, calculated from the ratio of the resonance lines of Ca XIX and Fe XXV, which is also depending on the Fe/Ca abundance ratio. The observed values of TCa and TFe can be ascribed to the specific characteristics of the plasma therma distribution, the corresponding values of TCaFe can be explained by allowing also for variations in the Fe/Ca abundance ratio relative to the photospheric ratio by a factor within 0.2 and 2.4. According to the observed abundance variations, the events analyzed can be divided in Ca-rich and Fe-rich flares.

Federal Register notice: Fluoroalkenes; Final Test Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is issuing a final rule to require testing for certain health effects for the following fluoroalkenes: vinyl fluoride (VF; CAS No.75—02.-5),vinylidene fluoride (VDF;CAS No. 75-38—7), hexafluoropropene (HFP; CAS No. 116—15—4) and tetrafluoroethene (TFE)

75 FR 50854 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Model 767-300 Series Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-18

... and installing a tetrafluoroethylene (TFE 2X) sleeve. This AD results from fuel system reviews... for fuel tank systems. As a result of those findings, we issued a regulation titled ``Transport Airplane Fuel Tank System Design Review, Flammability Reduction and Maintenance and Inspection Requirements...

Manufacture and quality control of interconnecting wire harnesses, Volume 3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

The document covers interconnecting wire harnesses defined in the design standard, including type 6, enclosed in TFE heat shrink tubing; and type 7, flexible armored. Knowledge gained through experience on the Saturn 5 program coupled with recent advances in techniques, materials, and processes was incorporated into this document.

Ultrasonographic Findings of Renal Cell Carcinomas Associated with Xp11.2 Translocation/TFE3 Gene Fusion

PubMed Central

Zeng, Hao

2017-01-01

Objective This study was to investigate the features of renal carcinomas associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions (Xp11.2-RCC) on conventional ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Methods US and CEUS features of twenty-two cases with histopathologically proven Xp11.2-RCC were retrospectively reviewed. Results 22 patients (11 males, 11 females) were included in this study, with a mean age of 28.3 ± 20.4 years. Eight tumors (36.3%, 8/22) were in left kidney, and 14 tumors (63.7%, 14/22) were in right kidney. All tumors (100%, 22/22) were mixed echogenicity type. 13 tumors (59.1%, 13/22) presented small dotted calcifications. The boundary of 14 tumors (63.6%, 14/22) was sharp and the other 8 tumors' (36.4%, 8/22) boundary was blurry. By CEUS, in early phase, the solid element of all tumors showed obvious enhancement. In delayed phase, 13 tumors showed hypoenhancement, seven tumors showed isoenhancement, and 2 tumors showed hyperenhancement. There were irregular nonenhancement areas in all tumors inside. Conclusions By US and CEUS, when children and adolescents were found to have hyperechoic mixed tumor in kidney with sharp margin and calcification, and the tumors showed obvious enhancement and hypoenhancement with irregular nonenhancement areas in the tumor in early phase and delayed phase, respectively, Xp11.2-RCC should be suspected. PMID:29333109

DEVELOPMENT OF A SAMPLING PROCEDURE FOR LARGE NITROGEN- AND SULFUR-BEARING AEROSOLS

EPA Science Inventory

A single-stage impactor was modified to utilize a removable TFE impaction surface mounted on the end of an annular denuder. hen used with a polycarbonate filter coated with silicone oil, its cut point was 2.5 um and bounce was <1% for 8-um particles. ignificant bounce occurred wi...

Effects of organic solvents on drug incorporation into polymeric carriers and morphological analyses of drug-incorporated polymeric micelles.

PubMed

Harada, Yoshiko; Yamamoto, Tatsuhiro; Sakai, Masaru; Saiki, Toshiharu; Kawano, Kumi; Maitani, Yoshie; Yokoyama, Masayuki

2011-02-14

We incorporated an anticancer agent, camptothecin (CPT), into polymeric micelle carriers by using two different solvents (TFE and chloroform) in the solvent-evaporation drug incorporation process. We observed significant differences in the drug-incorporation behaviors, in the morphologies of the incorporated drug and the polymeric micelles, and in the pharmacokinetic behaviors between the two solvents' cases. In particular, the CPT-incorporated polymeric micelles prepared with TFE as the incorporation solvent exhibited more stable circulation in blood than those prepared with chloroform. This contrast indicates a novel technological perspective regarding the drug incorporation into polymeric micelle carriers. Morphological analyses of the inner core have revealed the presence of the directed alignment of the CPT molecules and CPT crystals in the micelle inner core. This is the first report of the morphologies of the drug incorporated into the polymeric micelle inner cores. We believe these analyses are very important for further pharmaceutical developments of polymeric micelle drug-carrier systems. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chirality induction and amplification in the 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol⋅⋅⋅propylene oxide adduct.

PubMed

Thomas, Javix; Jäger, Wolfgang; Xu, Yunjie

2014-07-07

Chirality induction and amplification in a model system, that is, the 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE)⋅⋅⋅propylene oxide (PO) adduct, were investigated using free-space and cavity-based Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy, complemented with high level ab initio calculations. Rotational spectra of four out of eight predicted TFE⋅⋅PO adducts were assigned, and the remaining four were shown to relax to the geometries of the four observed in a jet expansion. The g+ TFE⋅⋅⋅S-PO adduct was found to be favored over that of g- TFE⋅⋅⋅S-PO by a factor of 2.8 at 60 K. This difference contrasts the TFE dimer for which an extreme case of chirality synchronization was previously reported. All TFE⋅⋅⋅PO conformers observed take on the open arrangement, in contrast to 2-fluoroethanol⋅⋅⋅PO, which prefers the closed arrangement. Furthermore, perfluorination at CH3 increases the hydrogen-bonding energy by about 70 % over its ethanol counterpart. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Limited acclimation in leaf anatomy to experimental drought in tropical rainforest trees

PubMed Central

Binks, Oliver; Meir, Patrick; Rowland, Lucy; da Costa, Antonio Carlos Lola; Vasconcelos, Steel Silva; de Oliveira, Alex Antonio Ribeiro; Ferreira, Leandro; Mencuccini, Maurizio

2016-01-01

Dry periods are predicted to become more frequent and severe in the future in some parts of the tropics, including Amazonia, potentially causing reduced productivity, higher tree mortality and increased emissions of stored carbon. Using a long-term (12 year) through-fall exclusion (TFE) experiment in the tropics, we test the hypothesis that trees produce leaves adapted to cope with higher levels of water stress, by examining the following leaf characteristics: area, thickness, leaf mass per area, vein density, stomatal density, the thickness of palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll and both of the epidermal layers, internal cavity volume and the average cell sizes of the palisade and spongy mesophyll. We also test whether differences in leaf anatomy are consistent with observed differential drought-induced mortality responses among taxa, and look for relationships between leaf anatomy, and leaf water relations and gas exchange parameters. Our data show that trees do not produce leaves that are more xeromorphic in response to 12 years of soil moisture deficit. However, the drought treatment did result in increases in the thickness of the adaxial epidermis (TFE: 20.5 ± 1.5 µm, control: 16.7 ± 1.0 µm) and the internal cavity volume (TFE: 2.43 ± 0.50 mm3 cm−2, control: 1.77 ± 0.30 mm3 cm−2). No consistent differences were detected between drought-resistant and drought-sensitive taxa, although interactions occurred between drought-sensitivity status and drought treatment for the palisade mesophyll thickness (P = 0.034) and the cavity volume of the leaves (P = 0.025). The limited response to water deficit probably reflects a tight co-ordination between leaf morphology, water relations and photosynthetic properties. This suggests that there is little plasticity in these aspects of plant anatomy in these taxa, and that phenotypic plasticity in leaf traits may not facilitate the acclimation of Amazonian trees to the predicted future reductions in dry season water availability. PMID:27614360

Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Xp11.2 Translocation/TFE3 Gene Fusions: Clinical Features, Treatments and Prognosis.

PubMed

Liu, Ning; Wang, Zhen; Gan, Weidong; Xiong, Lei; Miao, Baolei; Chen, Xiancheng; Guo, Hongqian; Li, Dongmei

2016-01-01

To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatments and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusions (Xp11.2 tRCC), the epidemiological features and treatment results of 34 cases of Xp11.2 tRCC, which were diagnosed by immunohistochemistry staining of TFE3 and fluorescence in situ hybridization at our center, were retrospectively reviewed. The 34 patients included 21 females and 13 males aged 3 to 64 years (median age: 27 years). Four patients were children or adolescents (<18 years of age), and 26 patients were young or middle-aged adults (18-45 years). Radical nephrectomy was performed on 25 patients. Laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery was performed on 9 patients who presented with an isolated mass with a small diameter (<7 cm) and well-defined boundary on computed tomography imaging. Postoperative staging showed that 25 cases (73.53%) were at stage I/II, while 9 cases (26.47%) were at stage III/IV. All stage I/II patients received a favorable prognosis with a three-year overall survival rate of 100%, including the patients who underwent laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery. With the exception of 2 children, the other 7 stage III/IV patients died or developed recurrence with a median follow-up of 29 months. On univariate analysis, maximum diameter, adjuvant treatment, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, inferior vena cava tumor thrombosis and tumor boundary were identified as statistically significant factors impacting survival (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that TNM stage and inferior vena cava tumor thrombosis were independent prognostic factors (P<0.05). In conclusion, Xp11.2 tRCC is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma that mainly occurs in young females. Nephron-sparing surgery was confirmed effective preliminarily in the treatment of small Xp11.2 tRCCs with clear rims. Advanced TNM stage and inferior vena cava tumor thrombosis were associated with poor prognosis.

Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Xp11.2 Translocation/TFE3 Gene Fusions: Clinical Features, Treatments and Prognosis

PubMed Central

Gan, Weidong; Xiong, Lei; Miao, Baolei; Chen, Xiancheng; Guo, Hongqian; Li, Dongmei

2016-01-01

To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatments and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusions (Xp11.2 tRCC), the epidemiological features and treatment results of 34 cases of Xp11.2 tRCC, which were diagnosed by immunohistochemistry staining of TFE3 and fluorescence in situ hybridization at our center, were retrospectively reviewed. The 34 patients included 21 females and 13 males aged 3 to 64 years (median age: 27 years). Four patients were children or adolescents (<18 years of age), and 26 patients were young or middle-aged adults (18–45 years). Radical nephrectomy was performed on 25 patients. Laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery was performed on 9 patients who presented with an isolated mass with a small diameter (<7 cm) and well-defined boundary on computed tomography imaging. Postoperative staging showed that 25 cases (73.53%) were at stage I/II, while 9 cases (26.47%) were at stage III/IV. All stage I/II patients received a favorable prognosis with a three-year overall survival rate of 100%, including the patients who underwent laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery. With the exception of 2 children, the other 7 stage III/IV patients died or developed recurrence with a median follow-up of 29 months. On univariate analysis, maximum diameter, adjuvant treatment, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, inferior vena cava tumor thrombosis and tumor boundary were identified as statistically significant factors impacting survival (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that TNM stage and inferior vena cava tumor thrombosis were independent prognostic factors (P<0.05). In conclusion, Xp11.2 tRCC is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma that mainly occurs in young females. Nephron-sparing surgery was confirmed effective preliminarily in the treatment of small Xp11.2 tRCCs with clear rims. Advanced TNM stage and inferior vena cava tumor thrombosis were associated with poor prognosis. PMID:27893792

Thermionic fast spectrum reactor-converter on the basis of multi-cell TFE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ponomarev-Stepnoi, N. N.; Kompaniets, G. V.; Poliakov, D. N.; Stepennov, B. S.; Andreev, P. V.; Zhabotinsky, E. E.; Nikolaev, Yu. V.; Lapochkin, N. V.

2001-02-01

Today Russian experts have technological experience in development of in-core thermionic converters for reactors of space nuclear power plants. Such a converter contains nuclear fuel inside and really represents a fuel element of a reactor. Two types of reactors can be considered on the basis of these thermionic fuel elements: with thermal or intermediate neutron spectrum, and with fast neutron spectrum. The first type is characterized by the presence of moderator in core that ensures most economical usage of nuclear fuel. The estimation shows that moderated system is the most effective in the power range of about 5 ... 100 kWe. The power systems of higher level are characterized by larger dimensions due to the presence of moderator. The second type of reactor is considered for higher power levels. This power range is about hundreds kWe. Dimensions of the fast reactor and core configuration are determined by the necessity to ensure the required net output power, on the one hand, and the necessity to ensure critical state on the other hand. In the case of using in-core thermionic fuel elements of the specified design, minimal reactor output power is determined by reactor criticality condition, and maximum reactor power output is determined by specifications and launcher capabilities. In the present paper the effective multiplication factor of a fast spectrum reactor on the basis of a multi-cell TFE developed by ``Lutch'' is considered a function of the total number of TFEs in the reactor. The MCU Monte-Carlo code, developed in Russia (Alekseev, et al., 1991), was used for computations. TFE computational models are placed in the nodes of a uniform triangular lattice and surrounded with pressure vessel and a side reflector. Ordinary fuel pins without thermionic converters were used instead of some TFEs to optimize criticality parameters, dimensions and output power of the reactor. General weight parameters of the reactor are presented in the paper. .

Aircraft/Stores Compatibility Symposium Proceedings, Held at Arlington, Virginia on 2-4 September 1975. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-01-01

initialization. The switching section must switch high bandwidth analog signrtls (i.e., video ) and route certain hardwired functions. These functions are...tenwfltlon of the tfeCxiCI,& and w*c interface rfqmuied fit. mate the Pedo -Recruit with the F,4J aka 770 b. Analysis and wind tunnel verification of

77 FR 54850 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-06

... sources in the auxiliary (center) fuel tank, main fuel tanks, and surge tanks caused by a wiring short or... on the rear spar, and installation of a TFE sleeve if necessary. This proposed AD would also add... sources in the auxiliary (center) fuel tank, main fuel tanks, and surge tanks caused by a wiring short or...

Thermal control materials on EOIM-3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Finckenor, Miria M.; Linton, Roger C.; Kamenetzky, Rachel R.; Vaughn, Jason A.

1995-01-01

Thermal control paints, anodized aluminum, and beta cloth samples were flown on STS-46 as part of the Evaluation of Oxygen Interaction with Materials Experiment (EOIM-3). The thermal control paints flown on EOIM-3 include ceramic and polyurethane-based paints. Passively exposed samples are compared to actively heated samples and controlled exposure samples. Optical property measurements of absorptivity, emissivity, and spectrofluorescence are presented for each paint. Several variations of anodized aluminum, including chromic acid anodize, sulfuric acid anodize, and boric/sulfuric acid anodize were flown on the actively heated trays and the passive exposure trays. The post-flight optical properties are within tolerances for these materials. Also flown were two samples of yellow anodized aluminum. The yellow anodized aluminum samples darkened noticeably. Samples of aluminized and unaluminized beta cloth, a fiberglass woven mat impregnated with TFE Teflon, were flown with passive exposure to the space environment. Data from this part of the experiment is correlated to observations from LDEF and erosion of the Teflon thin film samples also flown on EOIM-3 and LDEF.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shanmugam, Ganesh; Polavarapu, Prasad L.; Hallgas, Balazs

The effects of D-amino acids at Asp{sup 23} and Ser{sup 26} residues on the conformational preference of {beta}-amyloid (A{beta}) peptide fragment (A{beta}{sub 20-29}) have been studied using different spectroscopic techniques, namely vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), vibrational absorption, and electronic circular dichroism. To study the structure of the A{beta}{sub 20-29}, [D-Asp{sup 23}]A{beta}{sub 20-29}, and [D-Ser{sup 26}]A{beta}{sub 20-29} peptides under different conditions, the spectra were measured in 10 mM acetate buffer (pH 3) and in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). The spectroscopic results indicated that at pH 3, A{beta}{sub 20-29} peptide takes random coil with {beta}-turn structure, while [D-Ser{sup 26}]A{beta}{sub 20-29} peptide adopts significant amountmore » of polyproline II (PPII) type structure along with {beta}-turn contribution and D-Asp-substituted peptide ([D-Asp{sup 23}]A{beta}{sub 20-29}) adopts predominantly PPII type structure. The increased propensity for PPII conformation upon D-amino acid substitution, in acidic medium, has important biological implications. In TFE, A{beta}{sub 20-29}, [D-Asp{sup 23}]A{beta}{sub 20-29}, and [D-Ser{sup 26}]A{beta}{sub 20-29} peptides adopt 3{sub 10}-helix, {alpha}-helix, and random coil with some {beta}-turn structures, respectively. The VCD data obtained for the A{beta} peptide films suggested that the secondary structures for the peptide films are not the same as those for corresponding solution and are also different among the A{beta} peptides studied here. This observation suggests that dehydration can have a significant influence on the structural preferences of these peptides.« less

Xp11.2 translocation renal carcinoma with placental metastasis: a case report.

PubMed

Bovio, Ian M; Allan, Robert W; Oliai, Bahram R; Hampton, Troy; Rush, Demaretta S

2011-02-01

Renal cell carcinomas with sporadic Xp11.2 translocations are uncommon malignancies in children and young adults associated with several different reciprocal translocations involving the TFE3 gene located on chromosome Xp11.2. Placental metastases are extremely rare, with only a handful of cases reported. This study reports the case of a 20-year-old woman with an Xp11.2 translocation renal carcinoma that metastasized to the placenta. This is the first reported case of a renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the placenta and highlights the aggressive behavior of Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinomas.

Study of Noise-Certification Standards for Aircraft Engines. Volume 2. Procedures for Measuring Far Field Sound Pressure Levels around an Outdoor Jet-Engine Test Stand.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-01

60 References ........................................................... 79 AccesSqlon For NTIS rFA&I r"!’ TAU U: .,P Dist r A. -. S iv...separate exhaust nozzles for discharge of fan and turbine exhaust flows (e.g., JT15D, TFE731 , ALF-502, CF34, JT3D, CFM56, RB.211, CF6, JT9D, and PW2037...minimum radial distance from the effective source of sound at 40 Hz should then be approxi- mately 69 m. At 60 Hz, the minimum radial distance should be

Validation of a TFE3 break-apart FISH assay for Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinomas.

PubMed

Mosquera, Juan-Miguel; Dal Cin, Paola; Mertz, Kirsten D; Perner, Sven; Davis, Ian J; Fisher, David E; Rubin, Mark A; Hirsch, Michelle S

2011-09-01

Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) with an Xp11.2 translocation predominantly affect young patients, and can present at an advanced stage. However, more cases in older patients and incidentally detected cancers at earlier stages are also being identified. As the histology of Xp11.2 RCCs overlaps with clear cell and papillary RCCs, it is not infrequent that Xp11.2 RCCs are overlooked and misdiagnosed. The objective of this study was to validate the use of fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) for identifying Xp11.2 RCCs. One hundred fifty-eight consecutive, unselected renal tumors were evaluated in tissue microarrays, including 109 clear cell RCCs, 20 papillary RCCs, 3 RCCs with mixed papillary and clear cell features, 1 Xp11.2 translocation RCC, 8 chromophobe RCCs, 10 oncocytomas, and 7 angiomyolipomas. FISH evaluation was performed blinded to karyotype data, available in about two-thirds of cases. Furthermore, conventional sections of 4 Xp11.2 RCCs, 4 RCCs with mixed papillary and clear cell features, and 4 cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma (the latter for control purposes) were also assessed by FISH. Break-apart signals were homogeneously identified throughout tumor cells in 2 cases from the tissue microarrays including 1 known Xp11.2 RCC and 1 misdiagnosed Xp11.2 RCC. All conventional sections from the Xp11.2 RCC and alveolar soft part sarcoma cases were positive for the TFE3 rearrangement by FISH. All remaining cases were negative. Our study shows the clinical application of FISH in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue for detection of Xp11.2 translocation RCCs and other tumors with this genetic aberration.

[Differential diagnosis between renal cell carcinoma associated with XP11.2 translocation/TFE gene fusion and papillary renal cell carcinoma based on CT and MRI findings].

PubMed

Zhu, Qingqiang; Zhu, Wenrong; Wu, Jingtao; Fu, Jianxiong; Chen, Wenxin; Wang, Zhongqiu

2014-05-20

To comparative study of CT and MRI appearances in renal cell carcinoma associated with XP11.2 translocation/TFE gene fusion (XP11.2 RCC) and papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC). 12 patients with XP11.2 RCC and 18 patients with PRCC were retrospectively studied, and the data was analyzed by AVONA and chi-square text. 12 patients with XP11.2 RCC and 18 patients with PRCC, cystic components (2 vs 11, P < 0.05), calcification (0 vs 6, P < 0.05), hemorrhage (9 vs 5, P < 0.05), homogeneous enhancement (10 vs 7, P < 0.05) and had lymph node (3 vs 0) or hepatic metastasis (1vs 0) (P < 0.05). On unenhanced CT, the density of XP11.2 RCC was greater than PRCC, normal renal cortex or medulla (P < 0.05). Their degree of enhancement were less than normal renal cortex on all enhanced phases (P < 0.05). The enhancement degree of XP11.2 RCC was higher than PRCC (on all phases) and renal medulla (on cortical and medullary phase) (P < 0.05), but less than normal renal medulla on the delayed phase (P < 0.05). The enhancement degree of PRCC was lower than renal medulla on all phases (P < 0.05). The XP11.2 RCC was isointense on T1-weighted imaging, hypointense on T2-weighted imaging. The PRCC was isointense or hypointense on T1-weighted imaging, isointense on T2-weighted imaging. The CT and MRI could show imagings features of XP11.2 RCC and PRCC, and these features were helpful in predicting a specific subtype of renal cell carcinoma.

Educating Culturally Displaced Students with Truncated Formal Education (CDS-TFE): The Case of Refugee Students and Challenges for Administrators, Teachers, and Counselors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gahungu, Athanase; Gahungu, Olive; Luseno, Florah

2011-01-01

From 2006 to 2008, refugee resettlement agencies brought 4018 refugees to Chicago, Illinois. Using the example of the challenges faced by 14 refugee students from Burundi in adjusting to the U.S. school system, the authors call the attention of schools to the distinction between educating English Language Learners (ELL) and Educating Culturally…

Synthesis of polycyclic spiroindolines by highly diastereoselective interrupted Ugi cascade reactions of 3-(2-isocyanoethyl)indoles.

PubMed

Saya, Jordy M; Oppelaar, Barry; Cioc, Răzvan C; van der Heijden, Gydo; Vande Velde, Christophe M L; Orru, Romano V A; Ruijter, Eelco

2016-10-13

We report a highly diastereoselective interrupted Ugi reaction to construct a broad range of structurally congested and stereochemically complex spiroindolines from tryptamine-derived isocyanides. The reaction is facilitated by using fluorinated alcohols (TFE or HFIP) as solvents and tolerates a broad range of amines, aldehydes and 2-isocyanoethylindoles to give polycyclic products in moderate to excellent yields.

Limited acclimation in leaf anatomy to experimental drought in tropical rainforest trees.

PubMed

Binks, Oliver; Meir, Patrick; Rowland, Lucy; da Costa, Antonio Carlos Lola; Vasconcelos, Steel Silva; de Oliveira, Alex Antonio Ribeiro; Ferreira, Leandro; Mencuccini, Maurizio

2016-12-01

Dry periods are predicted to become more frequent and severe in the future in some parts of the tropics, including Amazonia, potentially causing reduced productivity, higher tree mortality and increased emissions of stored carbon. Using a long-term (12 year) through-fall exclusion (TFE) experiment in the tropics, we test the hypothesis that trees produce leaves adapted to cope with higher levels of water stress, by examining the following leaf characteristics: area, thickness, leaf mass per area, vein density, stomatal density, the thickness of palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll and both of the epidermal layers, internal cavity volume and the average cell sizes of the palisade and spongy mesophyll. We also test whether differences in leaf anatomy are consistent with observed differential drought-induced mortality responses among taxa, and look for relationships between leaf anatomy, and leaf water relations and gas exchange parameters. Our data show that trees do not produce leaves that are more xeromorphic in response to 12 years of soil moisture deficit. However, the drought treatment did result in increases in the thickness of the adaxial epidermis (TFE: 20.5 ± 1.5 µm, control: 16.7 ± 1.0 µm) and the internal cavity volume (TFE: 2.43 ± 0.50 mm 3 cm -2 , control: 1.77 ± 0.30 mm 3 cm -2 ). No consistent differences were detected between drought-resistant and drought-sensitive taxa, although interactions occurred between drought-sensitivity status and drought treatment for the palisade mesophyll thickness (P = 0.034) and the cavity volume of the leaves (P = 0.025). The limited response to water deficit probably reflects a tight co-ordination between leaf morphology, water relations and photosynthetic properties. This suggests that there is little plasticity in these aspects of plant anatomy in these taxa, and that phenotypic plasticity in leaf traits may not facilitate the acclimation of Amazonian trees to the predicted future reductions in dry season water availability. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press.

The renal cell carcinoma-associated oncogenic fusion protein PRCCTFE3 provokes p21{sup W{sup A{sup F{sup 1{sup /{sup C{sup I{sup P{sup 1}}}}}}}}}-mediated cell cycle delay

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Medendorp, Klaas; Groningen, Jan J.M. van; Vreede, Lilian

2009-08-15

Previously, we found that in t(X;1)(p11;q21)-positive renal cell carcinomas the bHLH-LZ transcription factor TFE3 is fused to a novel protein designated PRCC. In addition, we found that the PRCCTFE3 fusion protein, which has retained all known functional domains of TFE3, acts as a more potent transcriptional activator than wild type TFE3. We also found that PRCCTFE3 expression confers in vitro and in vivo transformation onto various cell types, including those of the kidney. Here we show that de novo expression of the PRCCTFE3 fusion protein provokes cell cycle delay. This delay, which is mediated by induction of the cyclin-dependent kinasemore » inhibitor p21{sup W{sup A{sup F{sup 1{sup /{sup C{sup I{sup P{sup 1}}}}}}}}}, affects both the G1/S and the G2/M phases of the cell cycle and prevents the cells from undergoing polyploidization. We also show that the PRCCTFE3 fusion protein binds directly to the p21{sup W{sup A{sup F{sup 1{sup /{sup C{sup I{sup P{sup 1}}}}}}}}} promoter and that the PRCCTFE3-induced up-regulation of p21{sup W{sup A{sup F{sup 1{sup /{sup C{sup I{sup P{sup 1}}}}}}}}} leads to activation of the pRB pathway. Finally, we show that in t(X;1)(p11;q21)-positive renal tumor cells several processes that link PRCCTFE3 expression to p21{sup W{sup A{sup F{sup 1{sup /{sup C{sup I{sup P{sup 1}}}}}}}}}-mediated cell cycle delay are abrogated. Our data suggest a scenario in which, during the course of renal cell carcinoma development, an initial PRCCTFE3-induced cell cycle delay must be numbed, thus permitting continued proliferation and progression towards full-blown malignancy.« less

Renal cell carcinoma with t(6:11) (p21;q12). A case report highlighting distinctive immunohistologic features of this rare tumor.

PubMed

Arneja, Sarabjeet Kaur; Gujar, Neeraj

2015-01-01

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with t(6:11) (p21;q12) are extremely rare, fewer than 30 cases have been reported in literature. These tumors are characterized by specific chromosomal translocation involving TFEB, as against the more commonly known TFE3 (Xp11.2) translocation associated RCCs. The distinctive immnohistologic features are helpful in enabling a diagnosis of this rare tumor, otherwise diagnosed by fluorescence in situ hybridization assay, specific for detecting TFEB gene rearrangement. Herein, we report a case of this rare tumor in a 11 years old boy, with the objective of highlighting distinctive light microscopic and immuno-phenotypic features of this rare sub-type of translocation associated renal cell carcinoma, otherwise diagnosed by fluorescence in situ hybridization technique. Morphologically tumor showed distinctive biphasic population of cells, large epitheloid cells with voluminous eosinophillic cytoplasm and smaller cells with much lesser amount of cytoplasm and small rounded nuclei. The smaller cells at places clustered around hyaline pink material forming "pseudorosettes". population. Immunohistochemically both types of tumor cells showed negativity for pan CK (cytokeratin), EMA (epitheleal membrane antigen) and TFE3 (transcription factor E3). HMB 45 (human melanoma black 45) and Melan- A /MART 1 (melanoma antigen recognized by T cells) were moderate to strongly expressed. On review of literature, most RCCs with t(6;11) translocation have been reported to be negative for pan cytokeratins and EMA. Published literature also shows that the most distinctive immunohistochemical feature of t(6;11) translocation RCC is nuclear staining for TFEB protein. Immunostains for TFE3 have always been negative in the reported cases. It is noteworthy that immunoreactivity for melanocytic markers HMB45 and Melan A and immunonegativity for epithelial markers pan CK and EMA may lead to misdiagnosis of angiomyolipoma to the unwary. Knowledge of distinctive morphological and immuno-histochemical features of this tumor can help in establishing a diagnosis of this rare subset of translocation associated RCC on routine hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining and immunophenotyping. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Enthalpy - Improved Dielectric Insulation for Superconducting Wires.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-05-01

these materials are also bein, studickd as regenerator matrix materials for Stirling cycle cryocoolers (7), yet, 1’~l incredibly enough, their...1A0.Az 4. TI T LE (iind SThti tfe) 5 TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERFID Enthalpy - Improved Dielectric Insulation for Final JUN 80 - MAR 82...resistance, and suggestions are made for improving these conductivities. The SC-2 and SC-3 type materials have near-metallic thermal conductivities near

PTTI Capabilities of the Modernized LORAN System

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

Cape Elizabeth LCCS Carolina Beach 9960-Y Dana 9960-Z Seneca 9960-M LSU 9960-T Sandy Hook Plumbrook Dunbar Forest LCCS Transmitting Station ...reference clocks at the individual transmitting stations , the intra-chain timing between stations , and the overall system synchronization to UTC. Each... station has three cesium clocks installed, and new Time and Frequency Equipment (TFE) was installed at the stations , beginning in the spring of 2003

Predicting the response of the Amazon rainforest to persistent drought conditions under current and future climates: a major challenge for global land surface models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Joetzjer, E.; Delire, C.; Douville, H.; Ciais, P.; Decharme, B.; Fisher, R.; Christoffersen, B.; Calvet, J. C.; da Costa, A. C. L.; Ferreira, L. V.; Meir, P.

2014-08-01

While a majority of Global Climate Models project dryer and longer dry seasons over the Amazon under higher CO2 levels, large uncertainties surround the response of vegetation to persistent droughts in both present-day and future climates. We propose a detailed evaluation of the ability of the ISBACC Land Surface Model to capture drought effects on both water and carbon budgets, comparing fluxes and stocks at two recent ThroughFall Exclusion (TFE) experiments performed in the Amazon. We also explore the model sensitivity to different Water Stress Function (WSF) and to an idealized increase in CO2 concentration and/or temperature. In spite of a reasonable soil moisture simulation, ISBACC struggles to correctly simulate the vegetation response to TFE whose amplitude and timing is highly sensitive to the WSF. Under higher CO2 concentration, the increased Water Use Efficiency (WUE) mitigates the ISBACC's sensitivity to drought. While one of the proposed WSF formulation improves the response of most ISBACC fluxes, except respiration, a parameterization of drought-induced tree mortality is missing for an accurate estimate of the vegetation response. Also, a better mechanistic understanding of the forest responses to drought under a warmer climate and higher CO2 concentration is clearly needed.

Development of a Plastic Rotating Band for High Performance Projectiles

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-07-01

changes in the program: a. It became clearly unfeasible to include a significant mechanical anchorage in that restricted depth. b. The stock of TP...Wilmington, Delaware responded. Tefzel is a ETFE material, or a copolymer of TFE (Teflon) with ethylene. The properties and merits of Tefzel for this...polycarbonate was discontinued. Valox 420 with 30 percent glass failed at -650F. Tefzel ETFE fluoropolymer unfilled and with 25 percent glass was tried; the

Benthic Flux Sampling Device. Operations, Methods, and Procedures

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-02-01

nitric acid (HNO3) overnight, then rinse with D.I. water. When in doubt, consult with the chemist for proper cleaning protocols. CHARGE BATTERIES...sis being performed. The system will be flushed with methanol to remove organic com- pounds and with nitric acid to remove metals. The nitric acid ... acid -washed, 500-me Teflon (TFE) sampling bottles aboard the BFSD. After each deployment, blank ferrules are fitted in place of the sampling lines and

Influence of acquired obesity on coronary vessel wall late gadolinium enhancement in discordant monozygote twins.

PubMed

Makowski, Marcus R; Jansen, Christian H P; Ebersberger, Ullrich; Schaeffter, Tobias; Razavi, Reza; Mangino, Massimo; Spector, Tim D; Botnar, Rene M; Greil, Gerald F

2017-11-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of BMI on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) of the coronary artery wall in identical monozygous twins discordant for BMI. Coronary LGE represents a useful parameter for the detection and quantification of atherosclerotic coronary vessel wall disease. Thirteen monozygote female twin pairs (n = 26) with significantly different BMIs (>1.6 kg/m2) were recruited out of >10,000 twin pairs (TwinsUK Registry). A coronary 3D-T2prep-TFE MR angiogram and 3D-IR-TFE vessel wall scan were performed prior to and following the administration of 0.2 mmol/kg of Gd-DTPA on a 1.5 T MR scanner. The number of enhancing coronary segments and contrast to noise ratios (CNRs) of the coronary wall were quantified. An increase in BMI was associated with an increased number of enhancing coronary segments (5.3 ± 1.5 vs. 3.5 ± 1.6, p < 0.0001) and increased coronary wall enhancement (6.1 ± 1.1 vs. 4.8 ± 0.9, p = 0.0027) compared to matched twins with lower BMI. This study in monozygous twins indicates that acquired factors predisposing to obesity, including lifestyle and environmental factors, result in increased LGE of the coronary arteries, potentially reflecting an increase in coronary atherosclerosis in this female study population. • BMI-discordant twins allow the investigation of the influence of lifestyle factors independent from genetic confounders. • Only thirteen obesity-discordant twins were identified underlining the strong genetic component of BMI. • In female twins, a BMI increase is associated with increased coronary late gadolinium enhancement. • Increased late gadolinium enhancement in the coronary vessel wall potentially reflects increased atherosclerosis.

High resolution array CGH and gene expression profiling of alveolar soft part sarcoma

PubMed Central

Selvarajah, Shamini; Pyne, Saumyadipta; Chen, Eleanor; Sompallae, Ramakrishna; Ligon, Azra H.; Nielsen, Gunnlaugur P.; Dranoff, Glenn; Stack, Edward; Loda, Massimo; Flavin, Richard

2014-01-01

Purpose Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a soft tissue sarcoma with poor prognosis, and little molecular evidence for its origin, initiation and progression. The aim of this study was to elucidate candidate molecular pathways involved in tumor pathogenesis. Experimental Design We employed high-throughput array comparative genomic hybridization and cDNA-Mediated Annealing, Selection, Ligation, and Extension Assay to profile the genomic and expression signatures of primary and metastatic ASPS from 17 tumors derived from 11 patients. We used an integrative bioinformatics approach to elucidate the molecular pathways associated with ASPS progression. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed to validate the presence of the t(X;17)(p11.2;q25) ASPL-TFE3 fusion and hence confirm the aCGH observations. Results FISH analysis identified the ASPL-TFE3 fusion in all cases. ArrayCGH revealed a higher number of numerical aberrations in metastatic tumors relative to primaries, but failed to identify consistent alterations in either group. Gene expression analysis highlighted 1,063 genes which were differentially expressed between the two groups. Gene set enrichment analysis identified 16 enriched gene sets (p < 0.1) associated with differentially expressed genes. Notable among these were several stem cell gene expression signatures and pathways related to differentiation. In particular, the paired box transcription factor PAX6 was up-regulated in the primary tumors, along with several genes whose mouse orthologs have previously been implicated in Pax6-DNA binding during neural stem cell differentiation. Conclusion In addition to suggesting a tentative neural line of differentiation for ASPS, these results implicate transcriptional deregulation from fusion genes in the pathogenesis of ASPS. PMID:24493828

Vibrational and chiroptical spectroscopic characterization of gamma-turn model cyclic tetrapeptides containing two beta-Ala residues.

PubMed

Vass, Elemér; Majer, Zsuzsa; Kohalmy, Krisztina; Hollósi, Miklós

2010-08-01

The optical spectroscopic characterization of gamma-turns in solution is uncertain and their distinction from beta-turns is often difficult. This work reports systematic ECD and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopic studies on gamma-turn model cyclic tetrapeptides cyclo(Ala-beta-Ala-Pro-beta-Ala) (1), cyclo(Pro-beta-Ala-Pro-beta-Ala) (2) and cyclo(Ala-beta-Ala-Ala-beta-Ala) (3). Conformational analysis performed at the 6-31G(d)/B3LYP level of theory using an adequate PCM solvent model predicted one predominant conformer for 1-3, featuring two inverse gamma-turns. The ECD spectra in ACN of 1 and 2 are characterized by a negative n-->pi* band near 230 nm and a positive pi-->pi* band below 200 nm with a long wavelength shoulder. The ECD spectra in TFE of 1-3 show similar spectra with blue-shifted bands. The VCD spectra in ACN-d(3) of 1 and 2 show a +/-/+/- amide I sign pattern resulting from four uncoupled vibrations in the case of 1 and a sequence of two positive couplets in the case of 2. A -/+/+/- amide I VCD pattern was measured for 3 in TFE-d(2). All three peptides give a positive couplet or couplet-like feature (+/-) in the amide II region. VCD spectroscopy, in agreement with theoretical calculations revealed that low frequency amide I vibrations (at approximately 1630 cm(-1) or below) are indicative of a C(7) H-bonded inverse gamma-turns with Pro in position 2, while gamma-turns encompassing Ala absorb at higher frequency (above 1645 cm(-1)). Copyright 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

After more than a decade of soil moisture deficit, tropical rainforest trees maintain photosynthetic capacity, despite increased leaf respiration.

PubMed

Rowland, Lucy; Lobo-do-Vale, Raquel L; Christoffersen, Bradley O; Melém, Eliane A; Kruijt, Bart; Vasconcelos, Steel S; Domingues, Tomas; Binks, Oliver J; Oliveira, Alex A R; Metcalfe, Daniel; da Costa, Antonio C L; Mencuccini, Maurizio; Meir, Patrick

2015-12-01

Determining climate change feedbacks from tropical rainforests requires an understanding of how carbon gain through photosynthesis and loss through respiration will be altered. One of the key changes that tropical rainforests may experience under future climate change scenarios is reduced soil moisture availability. In this study we examine if and how both leaf photosynthesis and leaf dark respiration acclimate following more than 12 years of experimental soil moisture deficit, via a through-fall exclusion experiment (TFE) in an eastern Amazonian rainforest. We find that experimentally drought-stressed trees and taxa maintain the same maximum leaf photosynthetic capacity as trees in corresponding control forest, independent of their susceptibility to drought-induced mortality. We hypothesize that photosynthetic capacity is maintained across all treatments and taxa to take advantage of short-lived periods of high moisture availability, when stomatal conductance (gs ) and photosynthesis can increase rapidly, potentially compensating for reduced assimilate supply at other times. Average leaf dark respiration (Rd ) was elevated in the TFE-treated forest trees relative to the control by 28.2 ± 2.8% (mean ± one standard error). This mean Rd value was dominated by a 48.5 ± 3.6% increase in the Rd of drought-sensitive taxa, and likely reflects the need for additional metabolic support required for stress-related repair, and hydraulic or osmotic maintenance processes. Following soil moisture deficit that is maintained for several years, our data suggest that changes in respiration drive greater shifts in the canopy carbon balance, than changes in photosynthetic capacity. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Pseudocapsule of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion: a clue for tumor enucleation?

PubMed

Cheng, Xiangming; He, Jian; Gan, Weidong; Fan, Xiangshan; Yang, Jun; Zhu, Bin; Guo, Hongqian

2015-01-01

To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of tumor enucleation (TE) for patients with small renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion (Xp11.2 RCC) by analyzing the pseudocapsule characteristics of Xp11.2 RCCs comparing with that of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). From June 2007 to February 2014, 22 patients with Xp11.2 RCC who were diagnosed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization polyclonal (FISH) assay and 32 patients with ccRCC treated in our institution were comparatively studied. 12 patients with ccRCC underwent radical nephrectomy (RN) and 20 received TE. Among 22 patients with Xp11.2 RCC, 19 were treated by RN and 3 by TE (1 by radiofrequency ablation assisted TE). Pseudocapsule and other clinicopathological characteristics of the two subtypes of RCC were compared. Survival of patients treated with different surgical methods was evaluated and compared. Pseudocapsule incidence of Xp11.2 RCC (14/22, 63.6%) was lower than that of ccRCC (32/32, 100%, P<0.001). However, pseudocapsule integrity rate of Xp11.2 RCC (10/14, 71.4%) was comparable with that of ccRCC (23/32, 71.9%, P=1.000). The 5-year overall survival of patients with ccRCC treated with RN and TE was 86% and 81%, respectively (P=0.845). Three patients with small Xp11.2 RCC performed well after TE. Over half Xp11.2 RCC had pseudocapsules, whose integrity rate was comparable to that of ccRCC. Treatment effectives of TE and RN were comparable in ccRCC. A preliminary attempt to treat small Xp11.2 RCC with intact pseudocapsule by using TE produced a favorable treatment outcome.

Brain metastasis of crystal-deficient, CD68-positive alveolar soft part sarcoma: ultrastructural features and differential diagnosis

PubMed Central

Cykowski, Matthew D.; Hicks, John; Sandberg, David I.; Olar, Adriana; Bridge, Julia A.; Greipp, Patricia T.; Navarro, Patricia; Kolodziej, Steven; Bhattacharjee, Meenakshi B.

2014-01-01

We report a case of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) presenting as an isolated frontal lobe metastasis. The tumor demonstrated little or no immunoreactivity for a broad panel of antibodies yet strong, diffuse immunoreactivity with CD68. On electron microscopy, characteristic rectangular to rhomboid crystalline inclusions were not present. Electron-dense granules resembling peroxisomes were present, sometimes in association with elongated granular structures having a periodic, lattice-like arrangement. Metastatic ASPS was confirmed by demonstration of an ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion and imaging studies that excluded metastatic Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma. The primary site was subsequently identified in the lower extremity. PMID:25268941

Laser Generation of Ultrasound.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-02-01

32 24 Tissue Soaked in Water on Tank ... ........ . . . . 34 25 2 Mil Teflon TFE Sample on Tank ... ........... ... 34 26 2 Mil Teflon PFA Sample on...frequency doubled from 1.06 to 0.532 um since more efficient ab- sorption of the laser took place at the latter wavelength. Von Gutfeld focused the...the temperature rise is 10000 C for aluminum but only 300 C for a plastic, since the ab- sorption depth is much larger. This is indeed confirmed by

Meeting Future C3I (Command-Control-Communications-Intelligence) Needs with Fiber Optics,

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-05-01

Frequency dependence of the sensitivity of fibers with hard coatings is relatively small. Nylon gives the weakest dependence, while the soft UV -cured...elastomer gives the strongest. Maximum sensitivity is obtained with Teflon TFE, while the minimum is achieved with the soft UV coating. With the latter...fiber-optics systems: the LED (Light Emitting Diode) and ILD (Injection Laser Diode). These devices emit light when an electric current is applied. The

Thermal barrier coating life-prediction model development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Strangman, T. E.; Neumann, J.; Liu, A.

1986-01-01

The program focuses on predicting the lives of two types of strain-tolerant and oxidation-resistant thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems that are produced by commercial coating suppliers to the gas turbine industry. The plasma-sprayed TBC system, composed of a low-pressure plasma-spray (LPPS) or an argon shrouded plasma-spray (ASPS) applied oxidation resistant NiCrAlY or (CoNiCrAlY) bond coating and an air-plasma-sprayed yttria partially stabilized zirconia insulative layer, is applied by both Chromalloy, Klock, and Union Carbide. The second type of TBS is applied by the electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) process by Temescal. The second year of the program was focused on specimen procurement, TMC system characterization, nondestructive evaluation methods, life prediction model development, and TFE731 engine testing of thermal barrier coated blades. Materials testing is approaching completion. Thermomechanical characterization of the TBC systems, with toughness, and spalling strain tests, was completed. Thermochemical testing is approximately two-thirds complete. Preliminary materials life models for the bond coating oxidation and zirconia sintering failure modes were developed. Integration of these life models with airfoil component analysis methods is in progress. Testing of high pressure turbine blades coated with the program TBS systems is in progress in a TFE731 turbofan engine. Eddy current technology feasibility was established with respect to nondestructively measuring zirconia layer thickness of a TBC system.

Predicting the response of the Amazon rainforest to persistent drought conditions under current and future climates: a major challenge for global land surface models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Joetzjer, E.; Delire, C.; Douville, H.; Ciais, P.; Decharme, B.; Fisher, R.; Christoffersen, B.; Calvet, J. C.; da Costa, A. C. L.; Ferreira, L. V.; Meir, P.

2014-12-01

While a majority of global climate models project drier and longer dry seasons over the Amazon under higher CO2 levels, large uncertainties surround the response of vegetation to persistent droughts in both present-day and future climates. We propose a detailed evaluation of the ability of the ISBACC (Interaction Soil-Biosphere-Atmosphere Carbon Cycle) land surface model to capture drought effects on both water and carbon budgets, comparing fluxes and stocks at two recent throughfall exclusion (TFE) experiments performed in the Amazon. We also explore the model sensitivity to different water stress functions (WSFs) and to an idealized increase in CO2 concentration and/or temperature. In spite of a reasonable soil moisture simulation, ISBACC struggles to correctly simulate the vegetation response to TFE whose amplitude and timing is highly sensitive to the WSF. Under higher CO2 concentrations, the increased water-use efficiency (WUE) mitigates the sensitivity of ISBACC to drought. While one of the proposed WSF formulations improves the response of most ISBACC fluxes, except respiration, a parameterization of drought-induced tree mortality is missing for an accurate estimate of the vegetation response. Also, a better mechanistic understanding of the forest responses to drought under a warmer climate and higher CO2 concentration is clearly needed.

Aligning Ag Nanowires by a Facile Bioinspired Directional Liquid Transfer: Toward Anisotropic Flexible Conductive Electrodes.

PubMed

Meng, Lili; Bian, Ruixin; Guo, Cheng; Xu, Bojie; Liu, Huan; Jiang, Lei

2018-06-01

Recent years have witnessed the booming development of transparent flexible electrodes (TFEs) for their applications in electronics and optoelectronic devices. Various strategies have thus been developed for preparing TFEs with higher flexibility and conductivity. However, little work has focused on TFEs with anisotropic conductivity. Here, a facile strategy of directional liquid transfer is proposed, guided by a conical fibers array (CFA), based on which silver nanowires (AgNWs) are aligned on a soft poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate in large scale. After further coating a second thin layer of the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), a TFE with notable anisotropic conductivity and excellent optical transmittance of 95.2% is prepared. It is proposed that the CFA enables fine control over the receding of the three-phase contact line during the dewetting process, where AgNWs are guided and aligned by the as-generated directional stress. Moreover, anisotropic electrochemical deposition is enabled where the Cu nanoparticles deposit only on the oriented AgNWs, leading to a surface with anisotropic wetting behavior. Importantly, the approach enables alignment of AgNWs via multiple directions at one step. It is envisioned that the as-developed approach will provide an optional approach for simple and low-cost preparation of TFE with various functions. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Development of potent anti-infective agents from Silurana tropicalis: conformational analysis of the amphipathic, alpha-helical antimicrobial peptide XT-7 and its non-haemolytic analogue [G4K]XT-7.

PubMed

Subasinghage, Anusha P; Conlon, J Michael; Hewage, Chandralal M

2010-04-01

Peptide XT-7 (GLLGP(5)LLKIA(10)AKVGS(15)NLL.NH(2)) is a cationic, leucine-rich peptide, first isolated from skin secretions of the frog, Silurana tropicalis (Pipidae). The peptide shows potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity but its therapeutic potential is limited by haemolytic activity (LC(50)=140 microM). The analogue [G4K]XT-7, however, retains potent antimicrobial activity but is non-haemolytic (LC(50)>500 microM). In order to elucidate the molecular basis for this difference in properties, the three dimensional structures of XT-7 and the analogue have been investigated by proton NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling. In aqueous solution, both peptides lack secondary structure. In a 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE-d(3))-H(2)O mixed solvent system, XT-7 is characterised by a right handed alpha-helical conformation between residues Leu(3) and Leu(17) whereas [G4K]XT-7 adopts a more restricted alpha-helical conformation between residues Leu(6) and Leu(17). A similar conformation for XT-7 in 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC) micellular media was observed with a helical segment between Leu(3) and Leu(17). However, differences in side chain orientations restricting the hydrophilic residues to a smaller patch resulted in an increased hydrophobic surface relative to the conformation in TFE-H(2)O. Molecular modelling of the structures obtained in our study demonstrates the amphipathic character of the helical segments. It is proposed that the marked decrease in haemolytic activity produced by the substitution Gly(4)-->Lys in XT-7 arises from a decrease in both helicity and hydrophobicity. These studies may facilitate the development of potent but non-toxic anti-infective agents based upon the structure of XT-7. Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

High Resolution Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Solitary Orbital Tumors : 3D Turbo Field Echo with Diffusion-Sensitized Driven-Equilibrium (DSDE-TFE) Preparation Technique.

PubMed

Hiwatashi, Akio; Togao, Osamu; Yamashita, Koji; Kikuchi, Kazufumi; Yoshikawa, Hiroshi; Obara, Makoto; Honda, Hiroshi

2018-06-01

To differentiate cystic from solid solitary intraorbital tumors using 3D turbo field echo with diffusion-sensitized driven-equilibrium preparation without contrast material. This retrospective study was approved by our institutional review boards, and written informed consent was waived. A total of 26 patients with intraorbital tumors were studied. Motion probing gradients were conducted at one direction with b‑values of 0 and 500 s/mm 2 . The voxel size was 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 mm 3 , and acquisition time was 5 min 22 s. Additionally, fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and T1WI were obtained. The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) of the lesions were measured. Signal intensity on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to normal appearing white matter was also measured. Statistical analysis was performed with Mann-Whitney U-test, the Steel-Dwass test and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. There were 10 cystic (7 dermoids, 2 epidermoids, and 1 cystadenoma) and 16 solid (8 cavernous hemangiomas, 6 pleomorphic adenomas, 1 adenocarcinoma, and 1 sebaceous carcinoma) tumors. The ADC of the cystic tumors (mean ± SD; 2.21 ± 0.76 × 10 -3 mm 2 /s) was statistically significantly lower than that of solid tumors (1.43 ± 0.41 × 10 -3 mm 2 /s; P < 0.05).; however, there were no statistically significant differences on conventional MRI (P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among tumor subtypes in all parameters (P > 0.05). The ROC analysis showed the best diagnostic performance with ADC (Az = 0.77). With its insensitivity to field inhomogeneity and high spatial resolution, the 3D DSDE-TFE technique enabled us to discriminate cystic tumors from solid tumors.

Vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy for the treatment of adult metastatic Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma.

PubMed

Choueiri, Toni K; Lim, Zita Dubauskas; Hirsch, Michelle S; Tamboli, Pheroze; Jonasch, Eric; McDermott, David F; Dal Cin, Paola; Corn, Paul; Vaishampayan, Ulka; Heng, Daniel Y C; Tannir, Nizar M

2010-11-15

Adult "translocation" renal cell carcinoma (RCC), bearing transcription factor E3 (TFE3) gene fusions at Xp11.2, is a recently recognized, unique entity for which prognosis and therapy remain poorly understood. In the current study, the authors investigated the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy in this distinct subtype of RCC. A retrospective review was conducted to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of adult patients with metastatic Xp11.2 RCC who had strong TFE3 nuclear immunostaining and received anti-VEGF therapy. Tumor response to anti-VEGF therapy was evaluated using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) distributions. Fifteen patients were identified, of whom 10, 3, and 2 received sunitinib, sorafenib, and monoclonal anti-VEGF antibodies, respectively. The median follow-up was 19.1 months, the median age of the patients was 41 years, and the female:male ratio was 4:1. Initial histologic description included clear cell (n = 8 patients), papillary (n = 1 patient), or mixed clear cell/papillary RCC (n = 6 patients). Five patients had received prior systemic therapy. Five patients had undergone fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis and all demonstrated a translocation involving chromosome Xp11.2. When treated with VEGF-targeted therapy, 3 patients achieved a partial response, 7 patients had stable disease, and 5 patients developed progressive disease. The median PFS and OS of the entire cohort were 7.1 months and 14.3 months, respectively. Adult-onset, translocation-associated metastatic RCC is an aggressive disease that affects a younger population of patients with a female predominance. In the current study, VEGF-targeted agents appeared to demonstrate some efficacy. Copyright © 2010 American Cancer Society.

MDCT findings of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation and TFE3 gene fusion and papillary renal cell carcinoma.

PubMed

Woo, Sungmin; Kim, Sang Youn; Lee, Myoung Seok; Moon, Kyung Chul; Kim, See Hyung; Cho, Jeong Yeon; Kim, Seung Hyup

2015-03-01

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare the MDCT features of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with Xp11.2 translocation and TFE3 gene fusion (Xp11 RCC) and papillary RCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included 19 and 39 patients with histologically proven Xp11 RCC and papillary RCC, respectively, who underwent multiphase renal MDCT before nephrectomy. CT findings were compared between Xp11 RCC and papillary RCC using the Student t test and chi-square test. Subgroup analyses of small (< 4 cm) renal masses for these features were performed. RESULTS. Patients with Xp11 RCC were younger (p < 0.001), and it was more prevalent in women (p = 0.007). Tumor size was greater in Xp11 RCC (p = 0.004) and more common in cystic change (p < 0.001). Calcification and unenhanced high-attenuating areas were more frequent in Xp11 RCC (p = 0.001 and 0.026, respectively). Xp11 RCCs were more prevalent in lymph node and distant metastasis (p < 0.001 and p = 0.031, respectively). Xp11 RCC and papillary RCC showed no significant difference in epicenter, margin, and venous and collecting duct invasion (p = 0.403-1.000). Although Xp11 RCC and papillary RCC had lower attenuation than the renal cortex on corticomedullary and early excretory phases (p < 0.001), only Xp11 RCCs were hyperattenuating to the cortex on the unenhanced phase (p < 0.001). Xp11 RCCs had significantly higher attenuation compared with papillary RCCs on all phases (p ≤ 0.02). Regarding small masses, cystic change, calcification, and lymph node metastasis were still more frequent in Xp11 RCCs (p ≤ 0.016). CONCLUSION. Greater size, more cystic change, calcification, high-attenuating areas on unenhanced imaging, and lymph node and distant metastasis were helpful for differentiating Xp11 RCC from papillary RCC.

Alcohol-induced versus anion-induced states of alpha-chymotrypsinogen A at low pH.

PubMed

Khan, F; Khan, R H; Muzammil, S

2000-09-29

Characterization of conformational transition and folding intermediates is central to the study of protein folding. We studied the effect of various alcohols (trifluoroethanol (TFE), butanol, propanol, ethanol and methanol) and salts (K(3)FeCN(6), Na(2)SO(4), KClO(4) and KCl) on the acid-induced state of alpha-chymotrypsinogen A, a predominantly beta-sheet protein, at pH 2.0 by near-UV circular dichroism (CD), far-UV CD and 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence measurements. Addition of alcohols led to an increase in ellipticity value at 222 nm indicating the formation of alpha-helical structure. The order of effectiveness of alcohols was shown to be TFE>butanol>propanol>ethanol>methanol. ANS fluorescence data showed a decrease in fluorescence intensity on alcohol addition, suggesting burial of hydrophobic patches. The near-UV CD spectra showed disruption of tertiary structure on alcohol addition. No change in ellipticity was observed on addition of salts at pH 2.0, whereas in the presence of 2 M urea, salts were found to induce a molten globule-like state as evident from the increases in ellipticity at 222 nm and ANS fluorescence indicating exposure of hydrophobic regions of the protein. The effectiveness in inducing the molten globule-like state, i.e. both increase in ellipticity at 222 nm and increase in ANS fluorescence, followed the order K(3)FeCN(6)>Na(2)SO(4)>KClO(4)>KCl. The loss of signal in the near-UV CD spectrum on addition of alcohols indicating disordering of tertiary structure results suggested that the decrease in ANS fluorescence intensity may be attributed to the unfolding of the ANS binding sites. The results imply that the alcohol-induced state had characteristics of an unfolded structure and lies between the molten globule and the unfolded state. Characterization of such partially folded states has important implications for protein folding.

Research in Image-Based Cooperation for Autonomous Conventional Aerial Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-31

sensors, readily available in the market , with poor signal characteristics. Of course, many of the state values cannot be measured directly, due to...22) where H[x(tfe)5ffc]4^ (23) The extended Kalman filter measurement update incorporates the measurement z(tfc) = zfc by means of Kfc ...P^HnHfcP^ + Rfc]- 1 (24) x+ = xfc-+ Kfc [zfc-Hfc(xfc-)] (25) K = Pfc-KfcHfcPfc- (26) where H is given by eq. (23). Here, R is the

Surface Changes in Well Casing Pipe Exposed to High Concentrations of Organics in Aqueous Solution

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-03-01

chloride (PVC) was the most resins (FEP, TFE and PFA ) are listed as unaffected by commonly used well casing material for ground water 99% of the...of its sample variation, all six of the test, control and un- apparent preferential rate of sorption (Miller 1982). Its treated SS304 and PVC samples...materials. In Grudtaecna~nto:Fieldinctlt- (1986) Sorption of organics by monitoring well con- ods (A.G. Collins and A.I. Johnson. Ed.). American

Stress Analysis of Composites.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-01

agree well at the midsurface , where the maximum positive value of a occurs. The maximum negative value occurs at the 45/-45 interface, where the TFE...results for the E45/-45/0/90Js case. The distribu- tion of a, along the 0/90 interface and along the midsurface are plotted in Figures lla and llb...interface, and z along the midsurface are shown in z Figures 12a and 12b for the .90/0/-45/451s laminate. Again the three analysis agree well up the

Evaluation of pyrolysis and arc tracking on candidate wire insulation designs for space applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stueber, Thomas J.; Hammoud, Ahmad; Stavnes, Mark W.; Hrovat, Kenneth

1994-05-01

Polyimide wire insulation has been found to be vulnerable to pyrolization and arc tracking due to momentary short circuit arcing events. This report compares arc tracking susceptibility of candidate insulation configurations for space wiring applications. The insulation types studied in this report were gauge 20 (0.81 mm dia.) hybrid wiring constructions using polyimide, tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), cross-linked ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (XL-ETFE) and/or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) insulations. These constructions were manufactured according to military wiring standards for aerospace applications. Arc track testing was conducted under DC bias and vacuum (10(exp -6) torr). The tests were conducted to compare the various insulation constructions in terms of their resistance to arc tracking restrike. The results of the tests are presented.

Drosophila Mitf regulates the V-ATPase and the lysosomal-autophagic pathway.

PubMed

Bouché, Valentina; Espinosa, Alma Perez; Leone, Luigi; Sardiello, Marco; Ballabio, Andrea; Botas, Juan

2016-01-01

An evolutionarily conserved gene network regulates the expression of genes involved in lysosome biogenesis, autophagy, and lipid metabolism. In mammals, TFEB and other members of the MiTF-TFE family of transcription factors control this network. Here we report that the lysosomal-autophagy pathway is controlled by Mitf gene in Drosophila melanogaster. Mitf is the single MiTF-TFE family member in Drosophila and prior to this work was known only for its function in eye development. We show that Mitf regulates the expression of genes encoding V-ATPase subunits as well as many additional genes involved in the lysosomal-autophagy pathway. Reduction of Mitf function leads to abnormal lysosomes and impairs autophagosome fusion and lipid breakdown during the response to starvation. In contrast, elevated Mitf levels increase the number of lysosomes, autophagosomes and autolysosomes, and decrease the size of lipid droplets. Inhibition of Drosophila MTORC1 induces Mitf translocation to the nucleus, underscoring conserved regulatory mechanisms between Drosophila and mammalian systems. Furthermore, we show Mitf-mediated clearance of cytosolic and nuclear expanded ATXN1 (ataxin 1) in a cellular model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). This remarkable observation illustrates the potential of the lysosomal-autophagy system to prevent toxic protein aggregation in both the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments. We anticipate that the genetics of the Drosophila model and the absence of redundant MIT transcription factors will be exploited to investigate the regulation and function of the lysosomal-autophagy gene network.

Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced CT Characterization of Xp11.2 Translocation/TFE3 Gene Fusions versus Papillary Renal Cell Carcinomas.

PubMed

He, Jian; Zhou, Kefeng; Zhu, Bin; Zhang, Gutian; Li, Xiaogong; Guo, Hongqian; Gan, Weidong; Zhou, Zhengyang; Liu, Tian

2015-01-01

To compare the differences of CT characteristics between renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusions (Xp11.2 RCCs) and papillary cell renal cell carcinomas (PRCCs). CT images and clinical records of 64 patients (25 Xp11.2 RCCs, 15 type 1 and 24 type 2 PRCCs) were analyzed and compared retrospectively. Xp11.2 RCC more frequently affected young (30.7 ± 8.7 years) women (16/25, 64%) with gross hematuria (12/25, 48%), while PRCC more frequently involved middle-aged (54.8 ± 11.1 years) men (28/39, 71.8%) asymptomatically. Xp11.2 RCC tended to be heterogeneous density with some showing circular calcification. Lesion sizes of Xp11.2 RCC (5.4 ± 2.2 cm) and type 2 PRCC (5.7 ± 2.5 cm) were significantly larger than that of type 1 PRCC (3.8 ± 1.8 cm). Xp11.2 RCC contained more cystic components (22/25, 88%) than type 1 PRCC (all solid) and type 2 PRCC (9/24, 36.0%). Type 1 PRCC (13/15, 86.7%) and Xp11.2 RCC (21/25, 84.0%) showed more clear boundary than type 2 PRCC (12/24, 50.0%). CT features including diameter, boundary, attenuation, nature, and circular calcification of the tumor, combined with demographic information and symptoms, may be useful to differentiate Xp11.2 RCC from different subtypes of PRCC.

The Effect of Column and Eluent Fluorination on the Retention and Separation of non-Fluorinated Amino Acids and Proteins by HPLC

PubMed Central

Joyner, Katherine; Wang, Weizhen; Yu, Yihua Bruce

2011-01-01

The effect of column and eluent fluorination on the retention and separation of non-fluorinated amino acids and proteins in HPLC is investigated. A side-by-side comparison of fluorocarbon column and eluents (F-column and F-eluents) with their hydrocarbon counterparts (H-column and H-eluents) in the separation of a group of 33 analytes, including 30 amino acids and 3 proteins, is conducted. The H-column and the F-column contain the n-C8H17 group and n-C8F17 group, respectively, in their stationary phases. The H-eluents include ethanol (EtOH) and isopropanol (ISP) while the F-eluents include trifluoroethanol (TFE) and hexafluorosopropanol (HFIP). The 2 columns and 4 eluents generated 8 (column, eluent) pairs that produce 264 retention time data points for the 33 analytes. A statistical analysis of the retention time data reveals that although the H-column is better than the F-column in analyte separation and H-eluents are better than F-eluents in analyte retention, the more critical factor is the proper pairing of column with eluent. Among the conditions explored in this project, optimal retention and separation is achieved when the fluorocarbon column is paired with ethanol, even though TFE is the most polar one among the 4 eluents. This result shows fluorocarbon columns have much potential in chromatographic analysis and separation of non-fluorinated amino acids and proteins. PMID:21318121

Thermal barrier coating life-prediction model development. Annual report no. 2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Strangman, T. E.; Neumann, J.; Liu, A.

1986-10-01

The program focuses on predicting the lives of two types of strain-tolerant and oxidation-resistant thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems that are produced by commercial coating suppliers to the gas turbine industry. The plasma-sprayed TBC system, composed of a low-pressure plasma-spray (LPPS) or an argon shrouded plasma-spray (ASPS) applied oxidation resistant NiCrAlY or (CoNiCrAlY) bond coating and an air-plasma-sprayed yttria partially stabilized zirconia insulative layer, is applied by both Chromalloy, Klock, and Union Carbide. The second type of TBS is applied by the electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) process by Temescal. The second year of the program was focused on specimenmore » procurement, TMC system characterization, nondestructive evaluation methods, life prediction model development, and TFE731 engine testing of thermal barrier coated blades. Materials testing is approaching completion. Thermomechanical characterization of the TBC systems, with toughness, and spalling strain tests, was completed. Thermochemical testing is approximately two-thirds complete. Preliminary materials life models for the bond coating oxidation and zirconia sintering failure modes were developed. Integration of these life models with airfoil component analysis methods is in progress. Testing of high pressure turbine blades coated with the program TBS systems is in progress in a TFE731 turbofan engine. Eddy current technology feasibility was established with respect to nondestructively measuring zirconia layer thickness of a TBC system.« less

2-Chlorotrityl chloride resin. Studies on anchoring of Fmoc-amino acids and peptide cleavage.

PubMed

Barlos, K; Chatzi, O; Gatos, D; Stavropoulos, G

1991-06-01

The esterification of 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin with Fmoc-amino acids in the presence of DIEA is studied under various conditions. High esterification yields are obtained using 0.6 equiv. Fmoc-amino acid/mmol resin in DCM or DCE, in 25 min, at room temperature. The reaction proceeds without by product formation even in the case of Fmoc-Asn and Fmoc-Gln. The quantitative and easy cleavage of amino acids and peptides from 2-chlorotrityl resin, by using AcOH/TFE/DCM mixtures, is accomplished within 15-60 min at room temperature, while t-butyl type protecting groups remain unaffected. Under these exceptionally mild conditions 2-chlorotrityl cations generated during the cleavage of amino acids and peptides from resin do not attack the nucleophilic side chains of Trp, Met, and Tyr.

AiResearch QCGAT engine: Acoustic test results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kisner, L. S.

1980-01-01

The noise levels of the quiet, general aviation turbofan (QCGAT) engine were measured in ground static noise tests. The static noise levels were found to be markedly lower than the demonstrably quiet AiResearch model TFE731 engine. The measured QCGAT noise levels were correlated with analytical noise source predictions to derive free-field component noise predictions. These component noise sources were used to predict the QCGAT flyover noise levels at FAR Part 36 conditions. The predicted flyover noise levels are about 10 decibels lower than the current quietest business jets.

Multiple Eruptive Epithelioid Hemangiomas: A Subset of Cutaneous Cellular Epithelioid Hemangioma With Expression of FOS-B.

PubMed

Llamas-Velasco, Mar; Kempf, Werner; Cota, Carlo; Fernández-Figueras, Maria Teresa; Lee, Joyce; Ferrara, Gerardo; Sander, Christian; Shapiro, Philip E; Requena, Luis; Kutzner, Heinz

2017-12-20

There is a wide clinicopathologic spectrum of vascular proliferations characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells, comprising epithelioid hemangioma (EH)-pseudomyogenic (epithelioid sarcoma-like) hemangioendothelioma (PM-HAE), epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and epithelioid angiosarcoma. Immunohistochemical FOS-B expression as well as FOS-B rearrangement (fluorescent in situ hybridization [FISH]) have recently been described as diagnostically relevant underpinnings of EH (restricted to osseous lesions) and PM-HAE. The aim of this study was to clinicopathologically characterize and to elucidate FOS-B expression in patients with eruptive lesions of the cellular variant of cutaneous EH. All cases of cutaneous cellular EH (n=16) showed strong diffuse immunohistochemical expression of FOS-B, in conjunction with positivity for ERG and nestin. Expression of MYC, CAMTA-1, AE1/3, and MNF116 was negative in all cases. FISH investigations did not show any sign of rearrangements for CAMTA-1 or MYC amplification. Negative-control cases included 15 lobular hemangiomas, 5 epithelioid angiosarcomas, and 5 nodular Kaposi sarcomas, all of which were negative for FOS-B. Positive-control cases included 15 angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia cases, all of them being positive. In contrast with what has been published so far, cutaneous variants of cellular EH exhibit positive immunostaining for FOS-B. Remarkably, FOS-B expression is not restricted to the intraosseous subset of EH. For differential diagnosis of epithelioid vascular tumors, we therefore suggest a helpful panel of antibodies including CAMTA-1, TFE-3, FOS-B, and AE1/AE3. We point out the telltale immunophenotypes: angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia and EH (FOS-B/others negative), PM-HAE (FOS-B/AE1/AE3/others negative), epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (CAMTA-1 or TFE-3/others negative). Remarkably, MYC is not expressed in these tumors, neither is there an MYC amplification by FISH. We suggest the term multiple eruptive EHs for this subset of cutaneous vascular tumors.

[MRI findings of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions].

PubMed

Zhong, Y; Wang, H Y; Chen, X; Guo, A T; Ma, L; Wang, Y W; Ye, H Y

2016-09-06

Objective: To analyze MRI findings of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation-TFE gene fusion(Xp11.2 RCC). Methods: MR imaging features of eleven patients with pathologically-proved Xp11.2 RCC were retrospectively analyzed from December 2008 to December 2015. The following MRI features of the lesions were analyzed in the study: location, maximal diameter, signal intensity, hemorrhage, necrosis, cystic change, enhancement features and metastasis. The data was analyzed by using t test. Results: Four men and seven women (mean age, 35.2 years; age range, 15-49 years) were included. Tumors occurred in the right kidney in 5 cases and the left kidney in 6 cases. On T 1 WI tumors showed heterogeneously hypo-intensity and iso-intensity, hyper-intensity in 10 cases, 1 cases, respectively. On T 2 WI tumors showed heterogeneously slight hypo-intensity, heterogeneously slight hyper-intensity and hyper-intensity in 6 cases, 4 cases, 1 case, respectively. On DWI tumors showed hyper-intensity and heterogeneously slight hype-intensity in 2 cases, 9 cases, respectively. ADC value of the tumors were statistically significant lower than that of renal cortex(×10 -3 mm 2 /s)(1.35±0.20 vs 2.09±0.11, P <0.05). Imaging findings were suggestive of hemorrhage( n =4) or necrosis ( n =1) or cystic change ( n =6) or lipid( n =1) in the tumors. On dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, tumors showed lower signal intensity change (96%±93%, 110%±86% and 103%±46%, respectively) than did renal cortex (285%±109%, 254%±97% and 225%±90%, respectively) ( P <0.05). Tumor capsule showed in 7 cases. Enlarged lymph node was found in renal hilum in one case. Conclusion: MRI findings may show characteristic features of Xp11.2 RCC combined with patients' age and assist in preoperative correct diagnosis.

Pseudocapsule of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion: a clue for tumor enucleation?

PubMed Central

Cheng, Xiangming; He, Jian; Gan, Weidong; Fan, Xiangshan; Yang, Jun; Zhu, Bin; Guo, Hongqian

2015-01-01

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of tumor enucleation (TE) for patients with small renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion (Xp11.2 RCC) by analyzing the pseudocapsule characteristics of Xp11.2 RCCs comparing with that of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods: From June 2007 to February 2014, 22 patients with Xp11.2 RCC who were diagnosed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization polyclonal (FISH) assay and 32 patients with ccRCC treated in our institution were comparatively studied. 12 patients with ccRCC underwent radical nephrectomy (RN) and 20 received TE. Among 22 patients with Xp11.2 RCC, 19 were treated by RN and 3 by TE (1 by radiofrequency ablation assisted TE). Pseudocapsule and other clinicopathological characteristics of the two subtypes of RCC were compared. Survival of patients treated with different surgical methods was evaluated and compared. Results: Pseudocapsule incidence of Xp11.2 RCC (14/22, 63.6%) was lower than that of ccRCC (32/32, 100%, P<0.001). However, pseudocapsule integrity rate of Xp11.2 RCC (10/14, 71.4%) was comparable with that of ccRCC (23/32, 71.9%, P=1.000). The 5-year overall survival of patients with ccRCC treated with RN and TE was 86% and 81%, respectively (P=0.845). Three patients with small Xp11.2 RCC performed well after TE. Conclusions: Over half Xp11.2 RCC had pseudocapsules, whose integrity rate was comparable to that of ccRCC. Treatment effectives of TE and RN were comparable in ccRCC. A preliminary attempt to treat small Xp11.2 RCC with intact pseudocapsule by using TE produced a favorable treatment outcome. PMID:26191243

Electrospun polycaprolactone/gelatin composites with enhanced cell-matrix interactions as blood vessel endothelial layer scaffolds.

PubMed

Jiang, Yong-Chao; Jiang, Lin; Huang, An; Wang, Xiao-Feng; Li, Qian; Turng, Lih-Sheng

2017-02-01

During the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds and subsequent tissue regeneration, surface bioactivity is vital for cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation, especially for endothelium dysfunction repair. In this paper, synthetic polymer polycaprolactone (PCL) was blended with natural polymer gelatin at four different weight ratios followed by crosslinking (i.e., 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, labeled as PCL-C, P7G3-C, P5G5-C, and P3G7-C) to impart enhanced bioactivity and tunable mechanical properties. The PCL/gelatin blends were first dissolved in 2,2,2-trifluroethanol (TFE) and supplementary acetic acid (1% relative to TFE) solvent, electrospun, and then cross-linked to produce PBS-proof fibrous scaffolds. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) indicated that fibers of each sample were smooth and homogeneous, with the fiber diameters increasing from 1.01±0.51μm to 1.61±0.46μm as the content of gelatin increased. While thermal resistance and crystallization of the blends were affected by the presence of gelatin, as reflected by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results, water contact angle (WCA) tests confirmed that the scaffold surfaces became more hydrophilic. Tensile tests showed that PCL-C and P7G3-C scaffolds had mechanical properties comparable to those of human coronary arteries. As for cytocompatibility, skeleton staining images showed that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) had more favorable binding sites on PCL/gelatin scaffolds than those on PCL scaffolds. Cell proliferation assays revealed that P7G3-C scaffolds could support the most number of hMSCs. The results of this study demonstrated the enhanced cell-matrix interactions and potential use of electrospun PCL/gelatin scaffolds in the tissue engineering field, especially in wound dressings and endothelium regeneration. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced CT Characterization of Xp11.2 Translocation/TFE3 Gene Fusions versus Papillary Renal Cell Carcinomas

PubMed Central

He, Jian; Zhou, Kefeng; Zhu, Bin; Zhang, Gutian; Li, Xiaogong; Guo, Hongqian; Gan, Weidong; Zhou, Zhengyang; Liu, Tian

2015-01-01

Purpose. To compare the differences of CT characteristics between renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusions (Xp11.2 RCCs) and papillary cell renal cell carcinomas (PRCCs). Methods. CT images and clinical records of 64 patients (25 Xp11.2 RCCs, 15 type 1 and 24 type 2 PRCCs) were analyzed and compared retrospectively. Results. Xp11.2 RCC more frequently affected young (30.7 ± 8.7 years) women (16/25, 64%) with gross hematuria (12/25, 48%), while PRCC more frequently involved middle-aged (54.8 ± 11.1 years) men (28/39, 71.8%) asymptomatically. Xp11.2 RCC tended to be heterogeneous density with some showing circular calcification. Lesion sizes of Xp11.2 RCC (5.4 ± 2.2 cm) and type 2 PRCC (5.7 ± 2.5 cm) were significantly larger than that of type 1 PRCC (3.8 ± 1.8 cm). Xp11.2 RCC contained more cystic components (22/25, 88%) than type 1 PRCC (all solid) and type 2 PRCC (9/24, 36.0%). Type 1 PRCC (13/15, 86.7%) and Xp11.2 RCC (21/25, 84.0%) showed more clear boundary than type 2 PRCC (12/24, 50.0%). Conclusion. CT features including diameter, boundary, attenuation, nature, and circular calcification of the tumor, combined with demographic information and symptoms, may be useful to differentiate Xp11.2 RCC from different subtypes of PRCC. PMID:26636097

Structure and property correlations in FeS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuhn, S. J.; Kidder, M. K.; Parker, D. S.; dela Cruz, C.; McGuire, M. A.; Chance, W. M.; Li, Li; Debeer-Schmitt, L.; Ermentrout, J.; Littrell, K. C.; Eskildsen, M. R.; Sefat, A. S.

2017-03-01

For iron-sulfide (FeS), we investigate the correlation between the structural details, including its dimensionality and composition, with its magnetic and superconducting properties. We compare, theoretically and experimentally, the two-dimensional (2D) layered tetragonal (;t-FeS;) phase with the 3D hexagonal ("h-FeS") phase. X-ray diffraction reveals iron-deficient chemical compositions of t-Fe0.93(1)S and h-Fe0.84(1)S that show no low-temperature structural transitions. First-principles calculations reveal a high sensitivity of the 2D structure to the electronic and magnetic properties, predicting marginal antiferromagnetic instability for our compound (sulfur height of zS = 0.252) with an ordering energy of about 11 meV/Fe, while the 3D phase is magnetically stable. Experimentally, h-Fe0.84S orders magnetically well above room temperature, while t-Fe0.93S shows coexistence of antiferromagnetism at TN = 116 and filamentary superconductivity below Tc = 4 K. Low temperature neutron diffraction data reveals antiferromagnetic commensurate ordering with wave vector km = (0.25,0.25,0) and 0.46(2) μB/Fe. Additionally, neutron scattering measurements were used to find the particle size and iron vacancy arrangement of t-FeS and h-FeS. The structure of iron sulfide has a delicate relationship with the superconducting transition; while our sample with a = 3.6772(7) Å is a filamentary superconductor coexisting with an antiferromagnetic phase, previously reported samples with a > 3.68 Å are bulk superconductors with no magnetism, and those with a ≈ 3.674 Å show magnetic properties.

Inversion of substrate stereoselectivity of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase by substitutions of Ser-48 and Phe-93

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, Keehyuk; Plapp, Bryce V.

The substrate specificities of alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) are of continuing interest for understanding the physiological functions of these enzymes. Ser-48 and Phe-93 have been identified as important residues in the substrate binding sites of ADHs, but more comprehensive structural and kinetic studies are required. The S48T substitution in horse ADH1E has small effects on kinetic constants and catalytic efficiency (V/Km) with ethanol, but decreases activity with benzyl alcohol and affinity for 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl alcohol (PFB). Nevertheless, atomic resolution crystal structures of the S48T enzyme complexed with NAD+ and TFE or PFB are very similar to the structures formore » the wild-type enzyme. (The S48A substitution greatly diminishes catalytic activity.) The F93A substitution significantly decreases catalytic efficiency (V/Km) for ethanol and acetaldehyde while increasing activity for larger secondary alcohols and the enantioselectivity for the R-isomer relative to the S-isomer of 2-alcohols. The doubly substituted S48T/F93A enzyme has kinetic constants for primary and secondary alcohols similar to those for the F93A enzyme, but the effect of the S48T substitution is to decrease V/Km for (S)-2-alcohols without changing V/Km for (R)-2-alcohols. Thus, the S48T/F93A substitutions invert the enantioselectivity for alcohol oxidation, increasing the R/S ratio by 10, 590, and 200-fold for 2-butanol, 2-octanol, and sec-phenethyl alcohol, respectively. Transient kinetic studies and simulations of the ordered bi bi mechanism for the oxidation of the 2-butanols by the S48T/F93A ADH show that the rate of hydride transfer is increased about 7-fold for both isomers (relative to wild-type enzyme) and that the inversion of enantioselectivity is due to more productive binding for (R)-2-butanol than for (S)-2-butanol in the ternary complex. Molecular modeling suggests that both of the sec-phenethyl alcohols could bind to the enzyme and that dynamics must affect the rates of catalysis.« less

[Discussion on diagenesis of Xilingang pluton-constrained by X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy, plasma mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy].

PubMed

Tang, Yu-Kun; Chen, Guo-Neng; Zhang, Ke; Huang, Hai-Hua

2013-05-01

The results on Xilingang pluton, mainly consisting of red beds, granites containing numerous debris of red beds and granites, obtained by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, plasma mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy show: (1) Xilingang pluton from red beds, granites containing numerous debris of red beds to granites has obvious characteristics of decreasing silicon and alkali content, and rising ignition loss, dark mineral content and oxidation index; (2) Chondrite-normalized REE distribution curves and primitive mantle-normalized spider diagram for trace elements of redbed, granites containing numerous debris of red beds and granites have a good consistency, the distribution characteristics of elements are similar to Nanling transformation-type granite; (3) The value of Raman spectrogram characteristic peak of quartz crystal in Xilingang granite decreased from the center of quartz crystal, and FWHM is steady. According to the above, the authors believe that Xilingang granite formed was related to in-situ melting of red beds and underlying strata and magma consolidation. Volatile components were discharged continuously, and oxidation index decreased gradually in the melting process. In the process of diagenesis, the top of pluton tend to be an ongoing silicon and alkali increase, while TFeO and MgO continue to migrate to bottom, and crystallization environment is a relatively closed and steady system.

The oxygen sensitivity/compatibility ranking of several materials by different test methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lockhart, Billy J.; Bryan, Coleman J.; Hampton, Michael D.

1989-01-01

Eleven materials were evaluated for oxygen compatibility using the following test methods: heat of combustion (ASTM D 2015), liquid oxygen impact (ASTM D 2512), pneumatic impact (ASTM G 74), gaseous mechanical impact (ASTM G 86), autogenous ignition temperature by pressurized differential scanning calorimeter, and the determination of the 50 percent reaction level in liquid oxygen using silicon carbide as a reaction enhancer. The eleven materials evaluated were: Teflon TFE, Vespel SP-21, Krytox 240AC, Viton PLV5010B, Fluorel E2160, Kel F 81, Fluorogold, Fluorogreen E-600, Rulon A, Garlock 8573, nylon 6/6.

Clicked bis-PEG-peptide conjugates for studying calmodulin-Kv7.2 channel binding.

PubMed

Bonache, M Angeles; Alaimo, Alessandro; Malo, Covadonga; Millet, Oscar; Villarroel, Alvaro; González-Muñiz, Rosario

2014-11-28

The recombinant Kv7.2 calmodulin (CaM) binding site (Q2AB CaMBD) shows a high tendency to aggregate, thus complicating biochemical and structural studies. To facilitate these studies we have conceived bis-PEG-peptide CaMBD-mimetics linking helices A and B in single, easy to handle molecules. Short PEG chains were selected as spacers between the two peptide molecules, and a Cu(i)-catalyzed cycloaddition (CuAAC) protocol was used to assemble the final bis-PEG-peptide conjugate, by the convenient functionalization of PEG arms with azide and alkyne groups. The resulting conjugates, with a certain helical character in TFE solutions (CD), showed nanomolar affinity in a fluorescence CaM binding in vitro assay, higher than just the sum of the precursor PEG-peptide affinities, thus validating our design. The approach to these first described examples of Kv7.2 CaMBD-mimetics could pave the way to chimeric conjugates merging helices A and B from different Kv7 subunits.

The role of the N-terminal tail for the oligomerization, folding and stability of human frataxin☆

PubMed Central

Faraj, Santiago E.; Venturutti, Leandro; Roman, Ernesto A.; Marino-Buslje, Cristina B.; Mignone, Astor; Tosatto, Silvio C.E.; Delfino, José M.; Santos, Javier

2013-01-01

The N-terminal stretch of human frataxin (hFXN) intermediate (residues 42–80) is not conserved throughout evolution and, under defined experimental conditions, behaves as a random-coil. Overexpression of hFXN56–210 in Escherichia coli yields a multimer, whereas the mature form of hFXN (hFXN81–210) is monomeric. Thus, cumulative experimental evidence points to the N-terminal moiety as an essential element for the assembly of a high molecular weight oligomer. The secondary structure propensity of peptide 56–81, the moiety putatively responsible for promoting protein–protein interactions, was also studied. Depending on the environment (TFE or SDS), this peptide adopts α-helical or β-strand structure. In this context, we explored the conformation and stability of hFXN56–210. The biophysical characterization by fluorescence, CD and SEC-FPLC shows that subunits are well folded, sharing similar stability to hFXN90–210. However, controlled proteolysis indicates that the N-terminal stretch is labile in the context of the multimer, whereas the FXN domain (residues 81–210) remains strongly resistant. In addition, guanidine hydrochloride at low concentration disrupts intermolecular interactions, shifting the ensemble toward the monomeric form. The conformational plasticity of the N-terminal tail might impart on hFXN the ability to act as a recognition signal as well as an oligomerization trigger. Understanding the fine-tuning of these activities and their resulting balance will bear direct relevance for ultimately comprehending hFXN function. PMID:23951553

Structural analysis as an alternative to identify and determine mode of action of antimicrobial peptides: proposition of a kinetic model based on molecular dynamics studies.

PubMed

Robles-Gomez, Edson Edinho; Flores-Villegas, Mirelle Citlali; Gonzalez-Manjarrez, Alicia; Soriano-Garcia, Manuel

2013-05-01

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute an important alternative in the search for new treatments against pathogens. We analyzed the sequence variability in cytokine and chemokine proteins to investigate whether these molecules contain a sequence useful in the development of new AMPs. Cluster analysis allowed the identification of tracts, grouped in five categories showing structure and sequence homology. The structure and function relationship among these groups, was analyzed using physicochemical parameters such as length, sequence, charge, hydrophobicity and helicity, which allowed the selection of a candidate that could constitute an AMP. This peptide comprises the C-terminal alpha-helix of chemokines CXCL4/PF-457-70. Far-UV CD spectroscopy showed that this molecule adopts a random conformation in aqueous solution and the addition of 2, 2, 2 trifluoroethanol (TFE) is required to induce a helical secondary structure. The CXCL4/PF-457-70 peptide was found to have antimicrobial activity and very limited hemolytic activity. The mechanism of action was analyzed using model kinetics and molecular dynamics. The kinetic model led to a reasonable assumption about a rate constant and regulatory step on its mechanism of action. Using molecular dynamics simulations, the structural properties the CXCL4/PF-457-70 have been examined in a membrane environment. Our results show that this peptide has a strong preference for binding to the lipid head groups, consequently, increasing the surface density and decreasing the lateral mobility of the lipids alters its functionality.

Clinical characteristics of XP11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

PubMed

Cheng, Xiangming; Gan, Weidong; Zhang, Gutian; Li, Xiaogong; Guo, Hongqian

2016-07-11

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion (Xp11.2 RCC) is a rare subtype of RCC which is firstly described as a distinct entity in 2004 so that clinical characteristics of Xp11.2 RCC in different gender and age are unknown. The purpose of systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide a comprehensive assessment on them. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for studies which evaluate the clinical characteristics of Xp11.2 RCC. The literature published between July 2004 and May 2014 was searched. A total of 15 studies with 147 participants were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that number of patients of all age in female was higher than in male with pooled OR of 3.93(95 % CI = 1.66-9.34). However, incidence of distant metastases (OR = 0.34, 95 % CI = 0.12-1.57) and lymphatic metastases (OR = 0.51, 95 % CI = 0.14-1.91), tumor stage (OR = 0.85, 95 % CI = 0.34-2.15) and overall survival (OS) (OR = 0.46, 95 % CI = 0.05-4.34) between male and female were comparable. Incidence in female was higher than in male with pooled OR of 5.13(95 % CI = 1.67-15.72) in adults, while in children no gender-related predominance (OR = 1.19, 95 % CI = 0.38-3.72) was observed. In addition, incidence of distant metastases (OR = 1.00, 95 % CI = 0.13-7.84) and lymphatic metastases (OR = 1.00, 95 % CI = 0.07-13.67) and tumor stage (OR = 1.94, 95 % CI = 0.20-19.03) between children and adults were comparable. Survival curves presented comparable outcomes between male and female (P = 0.707) as well as between children and adults (P = 0.383). Female patients with Xp11.2 RCC in adults exhibit a high incidence compared to male, but not in children. Comparable clinical characteristics including incidence of distant and lymphatic metastases, tumor stage and prognosis is presented between male and female as well as between children and adults.

Investigation of light-induced conformation changes in spiropyran-modified succinylated poly(L-lysine).

PubMed

Cooper, T M; Stone, M O; Natarajan, L V; Crane, R L

1995-08-01

To determine the maximum range of coupling between side-chain photochromism and polypeptide conformation change, we modified the carboxylate side chains of succinylated poly(L-lysine) with a spiropyran to form polypeptide I. The extent of modification was determined to be 35.5%. The spacer group length between the polypeptide alpha-carbon and the dye was 12 atoms, providing minimum polypeptide-dye interaction. Conformation changes were monitored by circular dichroism as a function of light adaptation and solvent composition (hexafluoroisopropanol [HFIP] vs trifluoroethanol [TFE]). Under all solvent compositions, the dark-adapted dye was in the merocyanine form. Light adaptation by visible light converted the dye to the spiropyran form. When dissolved in TFE, I adopted a helical conformation insensitive to light adaptation. With increasing percentage HFIP, a solvent-induced helix-to-coil transition was observed around 80% (vol/vol) HFIP. At 100% HFIP, both light- and dark-adapted forms of I were in the coil state. Near the midpoint of the solvent-induced helix-to-coil transition, light adaptation caused conformation changes. Applying helix-to-coil transition theory, we measured a statistically significant difference in coil segment-HFIP binding constant for light- vs dark-adapted solutions (6.38 +/- 0.03 M-1 vs 6.56 +/- 0.03 M-1), but not for the nucleation parameter sigma (1.2 +/- 0.4 10(-3) vs 1.3 +/- 0.3 x 10(-3). The small binding constant difference translated to a light-induced binding energy difference of 17 cal/mol/monomer. Near the midpoint of the helix-to-coil transition, collective interactions between monomer units made possible the translation of a small energy difference (less than RT) into large macromolecular conformation changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy for the treatment of adult metastatic Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma

PubMed Central

Choueiri, Toni K.; Lim, Zita Dubauskas; Hirsch, Michelle S.; Tamboli, Pheroze; Jonasch, Eric; McDermott, David F.; Cin, Paola Dal; Corn, Paul; Vaishampayan, Ulka; Heng, Daniel Y.C.; Tannir, Nizar M.

2015-01-01

Introduction Adult “translocation” renal cell carcinoma (RCC), bearing TFE3 gene fusions at Xp11.2, is a recently recognized unique entity for which prognosis and therapy remain poorly understood. We investigated the effect of vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy in this distinct subtype of RCC. Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective review to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of adult patients with metastatic Xp11.2 RCC, who had strong TFE-3 nuclear immunostaining, and received anti-VEGF therapy. Tumor response to anti-VEGF therapy was evaluated by RECIST. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) distributions. Results Fifteen patients were identified of which 10, 3, and 2 received sunitinib, sorafenib and monoclonal anti-VEGF antibodies, respectively. The median follow-up was 19.1 months, the median age of the patients was 41 years, and the female:male ratio was 4:1. Initial histologic description included clear cell (n=8), papillary (n=1) or mixed clear cell/papillary RCC (n=6). Five patients had prior systemic therapy. Five patients had FISH analysis and all demonstrated a translocation involving chromosome Xp11.2. When treated with VEGF-targeted therapy, 3 patients had a partial response, 7 patients had stable disease and 5 patients had progressive disease. The median PFS and OS of the entire cohort were 7.1 months and 14.3 months respectively. Conclusion Adult-onset translocation-associated metastatic RCC is an aggressive disease that affects a younger population of patients with a female predominance. VEGF-targeted agents demonstrated some efficacy in this small retrospective series. PMID:20665500

Fast spatial atomic layer deposition of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} at low temperature (<100 °C) as a gas permeation barrier for flexible organic light-emitting diode displays

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Choi, Hagyoung; Shin, Seokyoon; Jeon, Hyeongtag, E-mail: hjeon@hanyang.ac.kr

2016-01-15

The authors developed a high throughput (70 Å/min) and scalable space-divided atomic layer deposition (ALD) system for thin film encapsulation (TFE) of flexible organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays at low temperatures (<100 °C). In this paper, the authors report the excellent moisture barrier properties of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films deposited on 2G glass substrates of an industrially relevant size (370 × 470 mm{sup 2}) using the newly developed ALD system. This new ALD system reduced the ALD cycle time to less than 1 s. A growth rate of 0.9 Å/cycle was achieved using trimethylaluminum as an Al source and O{sub 3} as an O reactant. Themore » morphological features and step coverage of the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The chemical composition was analyzed using Auger electron spectroscopy. These deposited Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films demonstrated a good optical transmittance higher than 95% in the visible region based on the ultraviolet visible spectrometer measurements. Water vapor transmission rate lower than the detection limit of the MOCON test (less than 3.0 × 10{sup −3} g/m{sup 2} day) were obtained for the flexible substrates. Based on these results, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} deposited using our new high-throughput and scalable spatial ALD is considered a good candidate for preparation of TFE films of flexible OLEDs.« less

NMR structures in different membrane environments of three ocellatin peptides isolated from Leptodactylus labyrinthicus.

PubMed

Gomes, Karla A G G; Dos Santos, Daniel M; Santos, Virgílio M; Piló-Veloso, Dorila; Mundim, Higor M; Rodrigues, Leticia V; Lião, Luciano M; Verly, Rodrigo M; de Lima, Maria Elena; Resende, Jarbas M

2018-05-01

The peptides ocellatin-LB1, -LB2 and -F1 have previously been isolated from anurans of the Leptodactylus genus and the sequences are identical from residue 1-22, which correspond to ocellatin-LB1 sequence (GVVDILKGAAKDIAGHLASKVM-NH 2 ), whereas ocellatin-LB2 carries an extra N and ocellatin-F1 extra NKL residues at their C-termini. These peptides showed different spectra of activities and biophysical investigations indicated a direct correlation between membrane-disruptive properties and antimicrobial activities, i.e. ocellatin-F1 > ocellatin-LB1 > ocellatin-LB2. To better characterize their membrane interactions, we report here the detailed three-dimensional NMR structures of these peptides in TFE-d 2 :H 2 O (60:40) and in the presence of zwitterionic DPC-d 38 and anionic SDS-d 25 micellar solutions. Although the three peptides showed significant helical contents in the three mimetic environments, structural differences were noticed. When the structures of the three peptides in the presence of DPC-d 38 micelles are compared to each other, a more pronounced curvature is observed for ocellatin-F1 and the bent helix, with the concave face composed mostly of hydrophobic residues, is consistent with the micellar curvature and the amphipathic nature of the molecule. Interestingly, an almost linear helical segment was observed for ocellatin-F1 in the presence of SDS-d 25 micelles and the conformational differences in the two micellar environments are possibly related to the presence of the extra Lys residue near the peptide C-terminus, which increases the affinity of ocellatin-F1 to anionic membranes in comparison with ocellatin-LB1 and -LB2, as proved by isothermal titration calorimetry. To our knowledge, this work reports for the first time the three-dimensional structures of ocellatin peptides. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

NiTi shape memory alloys treated by plasma-polymerized tetrafluoroethylene. A physicochemical and electrochemical characterization.

PubMed

Yahia, L H; Lombardi, S; Piron, D; Klemberg-Sapieha, J E; Wertheimer, M R

NiTi alloy specimens were plasma cleaned and then coated with a thin film of plasma-polymerized tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) in a Radio-Frequency reactor. The corrosion protection provided by these films was studied by potentiodynamic tests performed in Hank's physiological solution. Surface properties which determine biocompatibility were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the surface of untreated NiTi was mostly composed by oxygen, carbon, titanium oxide (TiO2) with traces of nickel oxides (NiO and Ni2O3) and metallic Ni. The passivity of untreated NiTi was found to be unstable in the simulated human body media. After plasma treatment, the NiTi surface contained only carbon and fluor. The plasma-polymerized thin film was found to stabilize the NiTi passivity and to increase its pitting potential. This treatment provides a good protection against dissolution of nickel from NiTi alloys.

ESCA study of several fluorocarbon polymers exposed to atomic oxygen in low earth orbit or within or downstream from a radio-frequency oxygen plasma

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Golub, Morton A.; Wydeven, Theodore; Cormia, Robert D.

1989-01-01

The ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) spectra of films of Tedlar, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (in the form of a Teflon FEP coating on Kapton H, i.e., Kapton F), and polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon or Teflon TFE), exposed to atomic oxygen O(3P) either in LEO on the STS-8 Space Shuttle or within or downstream from a radio-frequency oxygen plasma, were compared. The major difference in surface chemistry of Tedlar induced by the various exposures to O(3P) was a much larger uptake of oxygen when etched either in or out of the glow of an O2 plasma than when etched in LEO. In contrast, Kapton F exhibited very little surface oxidation during any of the three different exposures to O(3P), while Teflon was scarcely oxidized.

AiResearch QCGAT engine, airplane, and nacelle design features

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heldenbrand, R. W.

1980-01-01

The quiet, clean, general aviation turbofan engine and nacelle system was designed and tested. The engine utilized the core of the AiResearch model TFE731-3 engine and incorporated several unique noise- and emissions-reduction features. Components that were successfully adapted to this core include the fan, gearbox, combustor, low-pressure turbine, and associated structure. A highly versatile workhorse nacelle incorporating interchangeable acoustic and hardwall duct liners, showed that large-engine attenuation technology could be applied to small propulsion engines. The application of the mixer compound nozzle demonstrated both performance and noise advantages on the engine. Major performance, emissions, and noise goals were demonstrated.

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma occurring during pregnancy with a novel translocation involving chromosome 19: a case report with review of the literature

PubMed Central

Armah, Henry B; Parwani, Anil V; Surti, Urvashi; Bastacky, Sheldon I

2009-01-01

The recently recognized renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) associated with Xp11.2 translocations (TFE3 transcription factor gene fusions) are rare tumors predominantly reported in children. They comprise at least one-third of pediatric RCCs and only few adult cases have been reported. Here, we present a case of Xp11.2 translocation RCC in 26-year-old pregnant female. Her routine antenatal ultrasonography accidentally found a complex cystic right renal mass. Further radiologic studies revealed unilocular cyst with multiple mural nodules at inferior pole of right kidney, which was suspicious for RCC. She underwent right radical nephrectomy at 15 weeks gestation. Macroscopically, the cystic tumor was well encapsulated with multiple friable mural nodules on its inner surface. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of clear and eosinophilic/oncocytic voluminous cells arranged in papillary, trabecular, and nested/alveolar patterns. Occasional hyaline nodules and numerous psammoma bodies were present. Immunohistochemically, the tumor showed strong nuclear positivity for TFE3. Epithelial membrane antigen, CD10, and E-cadherin were strongly positive. Cytokeratin AE1/AE3, cytokeratin CAM-5.2, calveolin, and parvalbumin were moderately positive. Cytokeratin 7, renal cell carcinoma antigen, and colloidal iron were focally weakly positive. BerEP4 and carbonic anhydrase IX were negative. Cytogenetically, the tumor harbored a novel variant translocation involving chromosomes X and 19, t(X;19)(p11.2;q13.1). Interphase FISH analysis performed on cultured and uncultured tumor cells using a dual-color break-apart DNA probe within the BCL3 gene on 19q13.3 was negative for the BCL3 gene rearrangement. She received no adjuvant therapy, delivered a normal term baby five months later, and is alive without evidence of disease 27 months after diagnosis and surgery. Unlike most recently reported Xp11.2 translocation RCCs in adult patients with aggressive clinical course, this adult case occurring during pregnancy with a novel translocation involving chromosome 19 followed an indolent clinical course. PMID:19450277

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma occurring during pregnancy with a novel translocation involving chromosome 19: a case report with review of the literature.

PubMed

Armah, Henry B; Parwani, Anil V; Surti, Urvashi; Bastacky, Sheldon I

2009-05-18

The recently recognized renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) associated with Xp11.2 translocations (TFE3 transcription factor gene fusions) are rare tumors predominantly reported in children. They comprise at least one-third of pediatric RCCs and only few adult cases have been reported. Here, we present a case of Xp11.2 translocation RCC in 26-year-old pregnant female. Her routine antenatal ultrasonography accidentally found a complex cystic right renal mass. Further radiologic studies revealed unilocular cyst with multiple mural nodules at inferior pole of right kidney, which was suspicious for RCC. She underwent right radical nephrectomy at 15 weeks gestation. Macroscopically, the cystic tumor was well encapsulated with multiple friable mural nodules on its inner surface. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of clear and eosinophilic/oncocytic voluminous cells arranged in papillary, trabecular, and nested/alveolar patterns. Occasional hyaline nodules and numerous psammoma bodies were present.Immunohistochemically, the tumor showed strong nuclear positivity for TFE3. Epithelial membrane antigen, CD10, and E-cadherin were strongly positive. Cytokeratin AE1/AE3, cytokeratin CAM-5.2, calveolin, and parvalbumin were moderately positive. Cytokeratin 7, renal cell carcinoma antigen, and colloidal iron were focally weakly positive. BerEP4 and carbonic anhydrase IX were negative. Cytogenetically, the tumor harbored a novel variant translocation involving chromosomes X and 19, t(X;19)(p11.2;q13.1). Interphase FISH analysis performed on cultured and uncultured tumor cells using a dual-color break-apart DNA probe within the BCL3 gene on 19q13.3 was negative for the BCL3 gene rearrangement. She received no adjuvant therapy, delivered a normal term baby five months later, and is alive without evidence of disease 27 months after diagnosis and surgery. Unlike most recently reported Xp11.2 translocation RCCs in adult patients with aggressive clinical course, this adult case occurring during pregnancy with a novel translocation involving chromosome 19 followed an indolent clinical course.

SU-E-J-209: Geometric Distortion at 3T in a Commercial 4D MRI-Compatible Phantom

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fatemi-Ardekani, A; Wronski, M; Kim, A

2015-06-15

Purpose: There are very few commercial 4D phantoms that are marketed as MRI compatible. We are evaluating one such commercial phantom, made to be used with an MRI-Linear accelerator. The focus of this work is to characterize the geometric distortions produced in this phantom at 3T using 3 clinical MR pulse sequences. Methods: The CIRS MRI-Linac Dynamic Phantom (CIRSTM) under investigation in this study consists of a softwaredriven moving tumour volume within a thorax phantom body and enables dose accumulation by placing a dosimeter within the tumour volume. Our initial investigation is to evaluate the phantom in static mode priormore » to examining its 4D capability. The water-filled thorax phantom was scanned using a wide-bore Philips 3T Achieva MRI scanner employing a Thoracic xl coil and clinical 2D T1W FFE, 2D T1W TSE and 3D T1W TFE pulse sequences. Each of the MR image sets was rigidly fused with a reference CT image of the phantom employing a rigid registration with 6 degrees of freedom. Geometric distortions between the MR and CT image sets were measured in 3 dimensions at selected points along the periphery of the distortion grid embedded within the phantom body (11.5, 7.5 and 3 cm laterally, ant/post and sup/inf of magnetic isocenter respectively). Results: The maximal measured geometric distortions between the MR and reference CT points of interest were 0.9, 1.8 and 1.3 mm in the lateral, anteriorposterior and cranio-caudal directions, respectively. For all 3 spatial dimensions, the maximal distortions occurred for the FFE pulse sequence. Maximal distortions for the 2D FFE, 2D TSE and 3D TFE sequences were 1, 0.7 and 1.8 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Our initial static investigation of this phantom shows minimal geometric distortions at 3T along the periphery of the embedded grid. CIRS has provided us with a phantom at no charge for evaluation at 3 Tesla.« less

Metaheuristic and Machine Learning Models for TFE-731-2, PW4056, and JT8D-9 Cruise Thrust

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baklacioglu, Tolga

2017-08-01

The requirement for an accurate engine thrust model has a major antecedence in airline fuel saving programs, assessment of environmental effects of fuel consumption, emissions reduction studies, and air traffic management applications. In this study, utilizing engine manufacturers' real data, a metaheuristic model based on genetic algorithms (GAs) and a machine learning model based on neural networks (NNs) trained with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), delta-bar-delta (DBD), and conjugate gradient (CG) algorithms were accomplished to incorporate the effect of both flight altitude and Mach number in the estimation of thrust. For the GA model, the analysis of population size impact on the model's accuracy and effect of number of data on model coefficients were also performed. For the NN model, design of optimum topology was searched for one- and two-hidden-layer networks. Predicted thrust values presented a close agreement with real thrust data for both models, among which LM trained NNs gave the best accuracies.

Osmolyte effects on helix formation in peptides and the stability of coiled-coils

PubMed Central

Celinski, Scott A.; Scholtz, J. Martin

2002-01-01

The ability of several naturally occurring substances known as osmolytes to induce helix formation in an alanine-based peptide have been investigated. As predicted by the osmophobic effect hypothesis, the osmolytes studies here do induce helix formation. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is the best structure-inducing osmolytes investigated here, but it is not as effective in promoting helix formation as the common cosolvent trifluoroethanol (TFE). We also provide a semiquantitative study of the ability of TMAO to induce helix formation and urea, which acts as a helix (and protein) denaturant. We find that on a molar basis, these agents are exactly counteractive as structure inducing and unfolding agents. Finally, we extend the investigations to the effects of urea and TMAO on the stability of a dimeric coiled-coil peptide and find identical results. Together these results support the tenets of the osmophobic hypothesis and highlight the importance of the polypeptide backbone in protein folding and stability. PMID:12142459

Effects of Structural Deformations of the Crank-Slider Mechanism on the Estimation of the Instantaneous Engine Friction Torque

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

CHALHOUB, N. G.; NEHME, H.; HENEIN, N. A.; BRYZIK, W.

1999-07-01

The focus on the current study is to assess the effects of structural deformations of the crankshaft/connecting-rod/piston mechanism on the computation of the instantaneous engine friction torque. This study is performed in a fully controlled environment in order to isolate the effects of structural deformations from those of measurement errors or noise interference. Therefore, a detailed model, accounting for the rigid and flexible motions of the crank-slider mechanism and including engine component friction formulations, is considered in this study. The model is used as a test bed to generate the engine friction torque,Tfa, and to predict the rigid and flexible motions of the system in response to the cylinder gas pressure. The torsional vibrations and the rigid body angular velocity of the crankshaft, as predicted by the detailed model of the crank-slider mechanism, are used along with the engine load torque and the cylinder gas pressure in the (P-ω) method to estimate the engine friction torque,Tfe. This method is well suited for the purpose of this study because its formulation is based on the rigid body model of the crank-slider mechanism. The digital simulation results demonstrate that the exclusion of the structural deformations of the crank-slider mechanism from the formulation of the (P-ω) method leads to an overestimation of the engine friction torque near the top-dead-center (TDC) position of the piston under firing conditions. Moreover, for the remainder of the engine cycle, the estimated friction torque exhibits large oscillations and takes on positive numerical values as if it is inducing energy into the system. Thus, the adverse effects of structural deformations of the crank-slider mechanism on the estimation of the engine friction torque greatly differ in their nature from one phase of the engine cycle to another.

Inversion of substrate stereoselectivity of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase by substitutions of Ser-48 and Phe-93.

PubMed

Kim, Keehyuk; Plapp, Bryce V

2017-10-01

The substrate specificities of alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) are of continuing interest for understanding the physiological functions of these enzymes. Ser-48 and Phe-93 have been identified as important residues in the substrate binding sites of ADHs, but more comprehensive structural and kinetic studies are required. The S48T substitution in horse ADH1E has small effects on kinetic constants and catalytic efficiency (V/K m ) with ethanol, but decreases activity with benzyl alcohol and affinity for 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl alcohol (PFB). Nevertheless, atomic resolution crystal structures of the S48T enzyme complexed with NAD + and TFE or PFB are very similar to the structures for the wild-type enzyme. (The S48A substitution greatly diminishes catalytic activity.) The F93A substitution significantly decreases catalytic efficiency (V/K m ) for ethanol and acetaldehyde while increasing activity for larger secondary alcohols and the enantioselectivity for the R-isomer relative to the S-isomer of 2-alcohols. The doubly substituted S48T/F93A enzyme has kinetic constants for primary and secondary alcohols similar to those for the F93A enzyme, but the effect of the S48T substitution is to decrease V/K m for (S)-2-alcohols without changing V/K m for (R)-2-alcohols. Thus, the S48T/F93A substitutions invert the enantioselectivity for alcohol oxidation, increasing the R/S ratio by 10, 590, and 200-fold for 2-butanol, 2-octanol, and sec-phenethyl alcohol, respectively. Transient kinetic studies and simulations of the ordered bi bi mechanism for the oxidation of the 2-butanols by the S48T/F93A ADH show that the rate of hydride transfer is increased about 7-fold for both isomers (relative to wild-type enzyme) and that the inversion of enantioselectivity is due to more productive binding for (R)-2-butanol than for (S)-2-butanol in the ternary complex. Molecular modeling suggests that both of the sec-phenethyl alcohols could bind to the enzyme and that dynamics must affect the rates of catalysis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

The NASA pollution-reduction technology program for small jet aircraft engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fear, J. S.

1976-01-01

Three advanced combustor concepts, designed for the AiResearch TFE 731-2 turbofan engine, were evaluated in screening tests. Goals for carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons were met or closely approached with two of the concepts with relatively modest departures from conventional combustor design practices. A more advanced premixing/prevaporizing combustor, while appearing to have the potential for meeting the oxides of nitrogen goal as well, will require extensive development to make it a practical combustion system. Smoke numbers for the two combustor concepts were well within the EPA smoke standard. Phase 2, Combustor-Engine Compatibility Testing, which is in its early stages, and planned Phase 3, Combustor-Engine Demonstration Testing, are also described.

Observations of directional gamma prime coarsening during engine operation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Draper, S.; Hull, D.; Dreshfield, R.

1989-04-01

Two alloys, NASAIR 100 and a modified NASAIR 100 called Alloy 3, were run as turbine blades in an experimental ground-based Garrett TFE731 engine for up to 200 hours. The stress induced directional coarsening of γ' (rafting) that developed during engine testing was analyzed and compared to previous research from laboratory tests. The blades were found to have formed a lamellar structure, the lamellae being normal to the centrifugal stress axis over much of the span. However, near the surfaces, the blades were found to have formed lamellae parallel to the centrifugal stress axis for certain cycles. Representative photomicrographs of the blades and the effects of stress and temperature on lamellae formation are shown.

Observations of directional gamma prime coarsening during engine operation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Draper, Susan L.; Hull, David R.; Dreshfield, Robert L.

1987-01-01

Two alloys with negative mismatch parameters, NASAIR 100 and a modified NASAIR 100 called Alloy 3 were run as turbine blades in an experimental ground based Garret TFE731 engine for up to 200 hr. The directional coarsening of gamma prime (rafting) that developed during engine testing was analyzed and compared to previous research from laboratory tests. The blades were found to be rafted normal to the centrifugal stress axis over much of the span, but near the surfaces, the blades were found to be rafted parallel to the centrifugal stress axis for certain cycles. Representative photomicrographs of the blades and the effects of stress and temperature on raft formation are shown.

Observations of directional gamma prime coarsening during engine operation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Draper, S.L.; Hull, D.R.; Dreshfield, R.L.

1987-02-01

Two alloys with negative mismatch parameters, NASAIR 100 and a modified NASAIR 100 called Alloy 3 were run as turbine blades in an experimental ground based Garret TFE731 engine for up to 200 hr. The directional coarsening of gamma prime (rafting) that developed during engine testing was analyzed and compared to previous research from laboratory tests. The blades were found to be rafted normal to the centrifugal stress axis over much of the span, but near the surfaces, the blades were found to be rafted parallel to the centrifugal stress axis for certain cycles. Representative photomicrographs of the blades andmore » the effects of stress and temperature on raft formation are shown.« less

Observations of directional gamma prime coarsening during engine operation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Draper, S.; Hull, D.; Dreshfield, R.

1989-01-01

Two alloys, NASAIR 100 and a modified NASAIR 100 called Alloy 3, were run as turbine blades in an experimental ground-based Garrett TFE731 engine for up to 200 hours. The stress induced directional coarsening of gamma-prime (rafting) that developed during engine testing was analyzed and compared to previous research from laboratory tests. The blades were found to have formed a lamellar structure, the lamellae being normal to the centrifugal stress axis over much of the span. However, near the surfaces, the blades were found to have formed lamellae parallel to the centrifugal stress axis for certain cycles. Representative photomicrographs of the blades and the effects of stress and temperature on lamellae formation are shown.

Statistics on Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Rotor Failures that Occurred in U.S. Commercial Aviation During 1981.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-01

1 0 0 1 1.7 0 0 1.7 TFE731 4 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ENG. TYPE TOTAL 6974 17.772 53 12 37 102 2.9 0.7 2.1 5.7 TURBOPROP PT6A 682 1.27 3 1 3 7 2.4 0.8...AGL- 60 (2) ANM- 60 (2) C-I FAA, Chief, Civil Aviation Assistance Group (1) Al Astorga (1) Madrid, Spain Federal Aviation c/o American Embassy...60201 Washington, DC 20591 DOT/Federal Aviation Administration (5) DOT/FAA Northwest Mountain Region (2) AEU-500 ANM- 60 American Embassy 17900 Pacific

Progress toward determining the potential of ODS alloys for gas turbine applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dreshfield, R. L.; Hoppin, G., III; Sheffler, K.

1983-01-01

The Materials for Advanced Turbine Engine (MATE) Program managed by the NASA Lewis Research Center is supporting two projects to evaluate the potential of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys for aircraft gas turbine applications. One project involves the evaluation of Incoloy (TM) MA-956 for application as a combustor liner material. An assessment of advanced engine potential will be conducted by means of a test in a P&WA 2037 turbofan engine. The other project involves the evaluation of Inconel (TM) MA 6000 for application as a high pressure turbine blade material and includes a test in a Garrett TFE 731 turbofan engine. Both projects are progressing toward these engine tests in 1984.

Antimicrobial activity and self-assembly behavior of antimicrobial peptide chensinin-1b with lipophilic alkyl tails.

PubMed

Dong, Weibing; Liu, Ziang; Sun, Liying; Wang, Cui; Guan, Yue; Mao, Xiaoman; Shang, Dejing

2018-04-25

The threshold hydrophobicity and amphipathic structure of the peptidic chain are important for the biological function of antimicrobial peptides. Chensinin-1b exhibits broad-spectrum bactericidal activity with no hemolytic activity but has almost no anticancer ability against the selected cancer cell lines. In this study, the conjugation of aliphatic acid was designed with different lengths of N-terminal of chensinin-1b, the antimicrobial activity of the resulting lipo-chensinin-1b was examined, in which OA-C1b showed much stronger activity than those of cheninin-1b and the other two lipopeptides. The membrane interaction between the lipo-chensinin-1b and real/mimetic bacterial cell membrane was investigated. Electrostatic interactions between the lipo-chensinin-1b and lipopolysaccharides were detected by isothermal titration calorimetry and the binding affinities were 10.83 μM, 8.77 μM and 7.35 μM for OA-C1b, LA-C1b and PA-C1b, respectively. The antimicrobial activity and membrane interaction ability of the lipo-chensinin-1b followed this order: OA-C1b > chensinin-1b > LA-C1b > PA-C1b. In addition, the lipo-chensinin-1b also exhibited lytic activity against various cancer cells and demonstrated the ability to inhibit LPS-stimulated cytokine release from human U937 cells. The CD spectra indicated that the helical or β-strands contents were existed as the main components in TFE or LPS solution, respectively. The self-assembly behavior was trigged by the solution pH and affected by the length of carbon chain, in which chensinin-1b, OA-C1b, LA-C1b and PA-C1b formed micelles at neutral pH and the micelle size increased for chensinin-1b, OA-C1b and LA-C1b. PA-C1b formed nanofibers in an acidic environment indicated by TEM experiments, and the peptides formed aggregates in an acidic environment and re-dissociated when the pH was adjusted to neutral. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Melanotic Xp11 translocation renal cancer: report of a case with a unique intratumoral sarcoid-like reaction.

PubMed

Ritterhouse, Lauren L; Cykowski, Matthew D; Hassell, Lewis A; Slobodov, Gennady; Bane, Barbara L

2014-04-15

Melanotic Xp11 translocation renal cancer is a rare tumor belonging to the family of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF)/transcription factor E (TFE) neoplasms. This tumor family also includes alveolar soft part sarcoma, perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms, Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma. To date, six confirmed melanotic Xp11 translocation cancers (five renal, one ovarian) have been reported in the literature. Here, we report the clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of a unique melanotic Xp11 translocation renal cancer arising in a 34-year-old African-American female. Histologically, the tumor was composed of epithelioid tumor cells arranged in a nested pattern. The cells had clear to eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, vesicular nuclear chromatin, and prominent nucleoli. Multifocal intracytoplasmic deposits of granular brown melanin pigment were identified and confirmed by Fontana-Masson stain. An unusual histologic feature, not previously reported in melanotic Xp11 translocation renal cancer, was a sarcoid-like granulomatous reaction consisting of tight epithelioid granulomas with lymphocytic cuffing, numerous giant cells, and calcifications. Nuclear transcription factor E3 expression was identified by immunohistochemistry and TFE3 rearrangement was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Additional immunohistochemical findings included immunoreactivity for HMB45, cathepsin K, and progesterone receptor; negative staining was seen with actin, desmin, cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, CD10, vimentin, and PAX-8. The patient is currently free of disease, two years following initial clinicoradiologic presentation and twenty-two months following partial nephrectomy without additional therapy. This report further expands the spectrum of morphologic and clinical findings previously described in melanotic Xp11 translocation renal cancer, a distinctive tumor showing overlapping features between Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms. The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/7225796341180634.

Mott criticality and multiferroicity in organic κ-(BEDT-TTF)2X salts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lang, Michael

2014-03-01

Layered organic charge-transfer (CT) salts of the κ-(BEDT-TTF)2X family show a wealth of electronic phases resulting from the interplay of strong electron-electron correlations, reduced dimensions and magnetic frustration. Of particular interest has been the bandwidth-controlled Mott transition, separating an antiferromagnetic (afm) insulating state from a correlated metallic and superconducting state. Whereas the hydrogenated X = Cu[N(CN)2]Br salt is located on the metallic side, the deuterated variant, denoted κ-D8, is situated in splitting distance to the Mott transition, enabling the s-shaped transition line TMI to be crossed via temperature sweeps. The talk will address the following aspects: 1) Thermal expansion measurements on single crystalline κ-D8 reveal discontinuous changes of the lattice parameters on crossing the Mott transition line and a huge anomaly close to the second-order critical end point of TMI. By elaborating on a scaling theory, we found that (i) the latter effect is a consequence of an almost divergence of the Grüneisen parameter Γ at the finite- T critical end point, and (ii) that the expansivity data of are in excellent agreement with the Mott criticality lying within the 2D Ising universality class, at variance with results from conductivity measurements. Thermal expansion measurements under Helium-gas pressure are underway for providing thermodynamic information at variable pressure. 2) Surprisingly, for the isostructural X = Cu[N(CN)2]Cl salt, located close to the Mott transition on the insulating side, we found that besides the well-established afm order at TN ~ 27 K, the system also reveals a ferroelectric transition at TFE, making this material the first multiferroic CT salt. Most remarkably, the measurements reveal TFE ~TN , suggesting a close interrelation between both types of ferroic order. Work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the Collaborative Research Centers TRR 49 and TRR 80.

Anti-coccidial activity of the ethanol extract of Tribulus terrestris fruits on Eimeria tenella

PubMed Central

Hong, Sunhwa; Moon, Mi-Na; Im, Eun-Kyung; Won, Jum-Soon; Yoo, Ji-Hyun

2018-01-01

Anti-coccidial effects of the fruits of Tribulus terrestris (Tribuli fructus) ethanol extract (TTE) were studied with animal experiment following per oral administration with Eimeria (E.) tenella. This experiment was performed on the 3-day-old chicks (n=30). The animals were divided with 3 groups; TFE 15mg per animal+infected (n=10), TTE untreated+infected (n=10) and non-infected control (n=10). Animals were administrated with or without TTE during 1 week, and then inoculated with E. tenella. The anti-coccidial activity were evaluated with oocysts shedding numbers in stools, body weights changes and food intake changes. The TTE-inoclated animals revealed significantly decreased stool oocysts numbers (P<0.05) when compared to the TTE untreated animals. Also, TTE-treated animals showed more increased body weight gains (P<0.05) than the TTE untreated animals. These results demonstrate that TTE produce anticoccidial activities against E. tenella. TTE could be a promising treatment for the coccidiosis. PMID:29628976

Anti-coccidial activity of the ethanol extract of Tribulus terrestris fruits on Eimeria tenella.

PubMed

Hong, Sunhwa; Moon, Mi-Na; Im, Eun-Kyung; Won, Jum-Soon; Yoo, Ji-Hyun; Kim, Okjin

2018-03-01

Anti-coccidial effects of the fruits of Tribulus terrestris (Tribuli fructus) ethanol extract (TTE) were studied with animal experiment following per oral administration with Eimeria ( E .) tenella . This experiment was performed on the 3-day-old chicks (n=30). The animals were divided with 3 groups; TFE 15mg per animal+infected (n=10), TTE untreated+infected (n=10) and non-infected control (n=10). Animals were administrated with or without TTE during 1 week, and then inoculated with E. tenella . The anti-coccidial activity were evaluated with oocysts shedding numbers in stools, body weights changes and food intake changes. The TTE-inoclated animals revealed significantly decreased stool oocysts numbers ( P <0.05) when compared to the TTE untreated animals. Also, TTE-treated animals showed more increased body weight gains ( P <0.05) than the TTE untreated animals. These results demonstrate that TTE produce anticoccidial activities against E. tenella . TTE could be a promising treatment for the coccidiosis.

Correlation of the rates of solvolysis of α-bromoisobutyrophenone using both simple and extended forms of the Grunwald-Winstein equation and the application of correlation analysis to related studies.

PubMed

Kevill, Dennis Neil; Kim, Chang-Bae; D'Souza, Malcolm John

2018-03-01

A Grunwald-Winstein treatment of the specific rates of solvolysis of α-bromoisobutyrophenone in 100% methanol and in several aqueous ethanol, methanol, acetone, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) mixtures gives a good logarithmic correlation against a linear combination of N T (solvent nucleophilicity) and Y Br (solvent ionizing power) values. The l and m sensitivity values are compared to those previously reported for α-bromoacetophenone and to those obtained from parallel treatments of literature specific rate values for the solvolyses of several tertiary mesylates containing a C(=O)R group attached at the α-carbon. Kinetic data obtained earlier by Pasto and Sevenair for the solvolyses of the same substrate in 75% aqueous ethanol (by weight) in the presence of silver perchlorate and perchloric acid are analyzed using multiple regression analysis.

Low-cost directionally-solidified turbine blades, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sink, L. W.; Hoppin, G. S., III; Fujii, M.

1979-01-01

A low cost process of manufacturing high stress rupture strength directionally-solidified high pressure turbine blades was successfully developed for the TFE731-3 Turbofan Engine. The basic processing parameters were established using MAR-M 247 and employing the exothermic directional-solidification process in trial castings of turbine blades. Nickel-based alloys were evaluated as directionally-solidified cast blades. A new turbine blade, disk, and associated components were then designed using previously determined material properties. Engine tests were run and the results were analyzed and compared to the originally established goals. The results showed that the stress rupture strength of exothermically heated, directionally-solidified MAR-M 247 turbine blades exceeded program objectives and that the performance and cost reduction goals were achieved.

Progress in the utilization of an oxide-dispersion-strengthened alloy for small engine turbine blades

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beatty, T. G.; Millan, P. P.

1984-01-01

The conventional means of improving gas turbine engine performance typically involves increasing the turbine inlet temperature; however, at these higher operational temperatures the high pressure turbine blades require air-cooling to maintain durability. Air-cooling imposes design, material, and economic constraints not only on the turbine blades but also on engine performance. The use of uncooled turbine blades at increased operating temperatures can offer significantly improved performance in small gas turbine engines. A program to demonstrate uncooled MA6000 high pressure turbine blades in a GTEC TFE731 turbofan engine is being conducted. The project goals include demonstration of the advantages of using uncooled MA6000 turbine blades as compared with cast directionally solidified MAR-M 247 blades.

Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa) of the gynecologic tract: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characterization of 16 cases.

PubMed

Schoolmeester, John Kenneth; Howitt, Brooke E; Hirsch, Michelle S; Dal Cin, Paola; Quade, Bradley J; Nucci, Marisa R

2014-02-01

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) belongs to a family of tumors characterized by coexpression of melanocytic and muscle markers. Recent studies have shown that sporadic and tuberous sclerosis complex-associated PEComa may respond to mTOR inhibitors underscoring the importance of recognizing this tumor. However, its occurrence in the gynecologic tract continues to be disputed owing to its common misclassification as other types of uterine sarcoma and its controversial relationship with epithelioid smooth muscle tumors. To more fully characterize PEComa of the female genital tract, 16 cases of gynecologic PEComa were identified (1990 to 2012) and formed the basis of this study. Each case was analyzed for conventional morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics established for PEComa of extrauterine sites; clinical outcome data were obtained for all cases. The 16 patients were aged 28 to 60 (mean 49; median 50) years, and 1 had a history of tuberous sclerosis complex. Thirteen cases were primary of the uterus, 2 of the adnexa, and 1 of the vagina. Tumor size ranged from 0.3 to 25.0 (mean 8.7) cm. Three patients died of disease, 6 were alive with disease, and 7 were alive without evidence of disease at last follow-up (1 mo to 13 y follow-up; mean 26 mo). All patients with an adverse outcome met established criteria for malignancy as proposed for extrauterine sites (ie, 2 or more features present: size ≥5 cm, high-grade nuclear features, infiltration, necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, or a mitotic rate ≥1/50 high-power fields). Of the melanocytic markers, HMB45 was most commonly expressed (16/16 positive, 100%), followed by microphthalmia transcription factor (11/12 positive, 92%), MelanA (14/16 positive, 88%), and S100 protein (2/10 positive, 20%). Of the smooth muscle markers, desmin was most commonly expressed (15/15 cases, 100%), followed by SMA (14/15 cases, 93%) and h-caldesmon (11/12 cases, 92%). TFE3 immunopositivity was identified in 5 of 13 cases; however, 3 tested cases were negative for a TFE3 rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Current criteria for malignancy appear to be valid in the female genital tract, although modified criteria, as described herein, may be more specific. Awareness of the characteristic features of PEComa is important to help distinguish it from epithelioid smooth muscle tumors and other mimics as PEComa may respond to unique chemotherapeutic regimens.

Design, synthesis, and characterization of new phosphazene related materials, and study the structure property correlations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tian, Zhicheng

The work described in this thesis is divided into three major parts, and all of which involve the exploration of the chemistry of polyphosphazenes. The first part (chapters 2 and 3) of my research is synthesis and study polyphoshazenes for biomedical applications, including polymer drug conjugates and injectable hydrogels for drug or biomolecule delivery. The second part (chapters 4 and 5) focuses on the synthesis of several organic/inorganic hybrid polymeric structures, such as diblock, star, brush and palm tree copolymers using living cationic polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization techniques. The last part (chapters 6 and 7) is about exploratory synthesis of new polymeric structures with fluorinated side groups or cycloaliphatic side groups, and the study of new structure property relationships. Chapter 1 is an outline of the fundamental concepts for polymeric materials, as such the history, important definitions, and some introductory material for to polymer chemistry and physics. The chemistry and applications of phopshazenes is also briefly described. Chapter 2 is a description of the design, synthesis, and characterization of development of a new class of polymer drug conjugate materials based on biodegradable polyphosphazenes and antibiotics. Poly(dichlorophosphazene), synthesized by a thermal ring opening polymerization, was reacted with up to 25 mol% of ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin and three different amino acid esters (glycine, alanine, or phenylalanine) as cosubstituents via macromolecular substitutions. Nano/microfibers of several selected polymers were prepared by an electrospinning technique. Chapter 3 is concerned with the development of a class of injectable and biodegradable hydrogels based on water-soluble poly(organophosphazenes) containing oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ethers and glycine ethyl esters. The hydrogels can be obtained by mixing alpha-cyclodextrin aqueous solution and poly(organophosphazenes) aqueous solution in various gelation rates depending on the polymer structures and the concentrations. The rheological measurements of the supramolecular hydrogels indicate a fast gelation process and flowable character under a large stain. Chapter 4 outlines the preparation of a number of amphiphilic diblock copolymers based on poly[bis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene] (TFE) as the hydrophobic block and poly(dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) (PDMAEMA) as the hydrophilic block. The TFE block was synthesized first by the controlled living cationic polymerization of a phosphoranimine, followed by replacement of all the chlorine atoms using sodium trifluoroethoxide. To allow for the growth of the PDMAEMA block, 3-azidopropyl-2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate, an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator, was grafted onto the endcap of the TFE block via the 'click' reaction followed by the ATRP of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). Chapter 5 is a report on the design and assembly of polyphosphazene materials based on the non-covalent "host--guest" interactions either at the terminus of the polymeric main-chains or the pendant side-chains. The supramolecular interaction at the main chain terminus was used to produce amphiphilic palm-tree like pseudo-block copolymers via host-guest interactions between an adamantane end-functionalized polyphosphazene and a 4-armed beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) initiated poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacylate] branched-star type polymer. The formation of micelles of the obtained amphiphiles was analyzed by fluorescence technique, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Chapter 6 is an investigation of the influence of bulky fluoroalkoxy side groups on the properties of polyphosphazenes. A new series of mixed-substituent high polymeric poly(fluoroalkoxyphosphazenes) containing trifluoroethoxy and branched fluoroalkoxy side groups was synthesized and characterized by NMR and GPC methods. These polymers contained 19--29 mol% of di-branched hexafluoropropoxy groups or 4mol% of tri-branched tert-perfluorobutoxy groups, which serve as regio-irregularities to reduce the macromolecular microcrystallinity. The structure--property correlations of the polymers were then analyzed and interpreted by several techniques: specifically by the thermal behavior by DSC and TGA methods, the crystallinity by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and the surface hydrophobicity/oleophobicity by contact angle measurements. (Abstract shortened by UMI.). Chapter 7 is an outline of the exploratory synthesis of a new series of phosphazene model cyclic trimers and single- and mixed- substituent high polymers containing cyclic aliphatic rings, --CnH2n-1 (where n = 4--8). The cylco-aliphatic side group containing phosphazenes expand the structural and property boundaries of phosphazene chemistry, and suggest additional approaches for studying slow macromolecular substitution reactions and substituent exchange reactions.

Preparation of new crosslinking agents and additives for use in polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) for fuel cell applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Yangliu

The most commonly used proton conductive membrane in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) studies to date is DuPont's NafionRTM, which is a perfluorinated copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and perfluorovinyl ether with a pendant sulfonic acid group. A focus of this work is to find ways to improve the performance of NafionRTM membranes. Crosslinking the TFE chains of fluorinated ionomeric copolymers to improve their thermal and mechanical stability is a proven route to this goal. A straightforward synthetic route to perfluorinated divinyl ethers of the formula CF2=CFO(CF 2)3[OCF(CF3)CF2]mOCF=CF 2 (m = 0-1) has been demonstrated. The compounds CF2=CFO(CF 2)3OCF=CF2 and CF2=CFO(CF2) 3OCF(CF3)CF2OCF=CF2 were prepared and characterized by GC-MS, 13C and 19F NMR, and gas-IR spectroscopy. Synthetic routes to fluorosulfato-tetrafluoropropionyl fluoride [FSO3CF2CF2C(O)F] and difluoromalonyl difluoride [F(O)CCF2C(O)F] with improved yields were found. The second focus of the dissertation was the development of fluorous triarylphosphines for use as new doping materials for the modification of NafionRTM membranes and for use as ligands in catalysts for biphasic catalysis. The synthesis and characterization of a series of new polyhexafluoropropylene oxide derivatives for preparation of fluorous triarylphosphines and phosphonium salts was studied, such as F[CF(CF3)CF2O] 4CF(CF3)CH2CH2I, F[CF(CF3)CF 2O]4CF(CF3)CH=CH2, F[CF(CF3)CF 2O]4CF(CF3) CH2CH2C6H5, and F[CF(CF 3)CF2O]4CF(CF3)CH2CH 2C6H4Br. In a separate study, the photochlorination of 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol (HCF2CF2CH2OH) and 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropionate [HCF2CF2C(O)OCH2 CF2CF2H] with super diazo blue light (lambda max = 420 nm) were investigated. The photochemical products are different from those obtained under mercury light (lambda = 253.7nm). A new compound ClCF2CF2C(O)OC(H)ClCF2CF2Cl was prepared and characterized by GC-MS, elemental analysis, 1H, 13C and 19F NMR, and gas-IR spectroscopy.

Pollution reduction technology program small jet aircraft engines, phase 3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bruce, T. W.; Davis, F. G.; Kuhn, T. E.; Mongia, H. C.

1981-01-01

A series of Model TFE731-2 engine tests were conducted with the Concept 2 variable geometry airblast fuel injector combustion system installed. The engine was tested to: (1) establish the emission levels over the selected points which comprise the Environmental Protection Agency Landing-Takeoff Cycle; (2) determine engine performance with the combustion system; and (3) evaulate the engine acceleration/deceleration characteristics. The hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and smoke goals were met. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were above the goal for the same configuration that met the other pollutant goals. The engine and combustor performance, as well as acceleration/deceleration characteristics, were acceptable. The Concept 3 staged combustor system was refined from earlier phase development and subjected to further rig refinement testing. The concept met all of the emissions goals.

Leucogranites in Lhozag, southern Tibet: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the eastern Himalaya

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Chunmei; Zhao, Zhidan; Li, Guangming; Zhu, Di-Cheng; Liu, Dong; Shi, Qingshang

2017-12-01

Petrogenesis of the Himalayan leucogranite is strongly influenced by conditions which are associated with the tectonic evolution of Himalayan orogen. In this article, we present petrological, geochronological and geochemical results of the Lhozag leucogranites that crop out alongside the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS) in the east of Himalaya. Zircon U-Pb dating revealed three episodes of leucogranitic magmatism in Lhozag at 17.8 ± 0.1 Ma, 15.1 ± 0.1 Ma, and 12.0 ± 0.1 Ma, respectively. The Lhozag leucogranites show relatively low εNd(t), low zircon εHf(t) and high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios, which are similar to the High Himalayan Crystalline Series (HHCS), indicating that they were derived from the HHCS. The characteristics of relatively high Na2O and Rb contents, high Rb/Sr ratios and low CaO, MgO, TFe2O3, TiO2, and Sr contents indicate that both the ca. 18 Ma Lhozag tourmaline leucogranites and the ca. 15 Ma Lhozag two-mica granites were derived from fluid-absent muscovite-dehydration melting of metasediments. The opposite geochemistry characteristics of the ca. 12 Ma Khula Kangri two-mica granites imply that these granites are derived from fluid-present melting of metasediments. Four Khula Kangri two-mica granite samples with relatively lower TiO2, TFe2O3, MgO, and CaO contents, higher Rb concentrations and Rb/Sr ratios could be evolved from the Khula Kangri two-mica granites with relatively lower Rb/Sr ratios. The melting behaviors of the Lhozag leucogranites varied from fluid-absent melting to fluid-present melting, implying that there were P-T-XH2O variations in the deep crust. The tectonic evolution would give rise to variation of P-T-XH2O variation, and subsequent transformation of melting behavior. Our new results display the transformation of melting behavior of the Lhozag leucogranites, which implies the tectonic evolution from earlier N-S extension to later E-W extension in the eastern Himalaya at ca. 12 Ma.

Revisiting drought impact on tree mortality and carbon fluxes in ORCHIDEE-CAN DGVM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Joetzjer, E.; Bartlett, M. K.; Sack, L.; Poulter, B.; Ciais, P.

2016-12-01

In the past decade, two extreme droughts in the Amazon rainforest led to a perturbation of carbon cycle dynamics and forest structure, partly through an increase in tree mortality. While there is a relatively strong consensus in CMIP5 projections for an increase in both frequency and intensity of droughts across the Amazon, the potential for forest die-off constitutes a large uncertainty in projections of climate impacts on terrestrial ecosystems and carbon cycle feedbacks. Two long-term through fall exclusion experiments (TFE) provided novel observations of Amazonian ecosystem responses under drought. These experiments also provided a great opportunity to evaluate and improve models' behavior under drought. While current DGVMs use a wide array of algorithms to represent drought effect on ecosystem, most are associated with large uncertainty for representing drought-induced mortality, and require updating to include current information of physiological processes. During very strong droughts, the leaves desiccate and stems may undergo catastrophic embolism. However, even before that point, stomata close, to minimize excessive water loss and risk of hydraulic failure, which reduces carbon assimilation. Here, we describe a new parameterization of the stomatal conductance and mortality processes induced by drought using the ORCHIDEE-CAN dynamic vegetation model and test it using the two TFE results. We implemented a direct climate effect on mortality through catastrophic stem embolism using a new hydraulic architecture to represent the hydraulic potential gradient from the soil to the leaves based on vulnerability curves, and tree capacitance. In addition, growth primary productivity and transpiration are down-regulated by the hydraulic architecture in case of drought through stomatal conductance, which depends on the hydraulic potential of the leaf. We also explored the role of non structural carbohydrates (NSC) on hydraulic failure and mortality following the idea that stored NSC serves a critical osmotic function. Our results suggest that models have the capacity to represent drought induced individual mortality from a mechanistic perspective allowing a better understanding of the drought impacts on carbon cycle and forest structure in the tropics.

Revisiting mechanisms underlying tree mortality induced by drought in the Amazon: from observation to modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Joetzjer, E.; Poulter, B.; Ciais, P.; Sala, A.; Sack, L.; Bartlett, M.

2015-12-01

In the past decade, two extreme droughts experienced by the Amazon rainforest led to a perturbation of carbon cycle dynamics and forest structure, partly through an increase in tree mortality. While there is a relatively strong consensus in CMIP5 projections for an increase in both frequency and intensity of droughts across the Amazon, the potential for forest die-off constitutes a large uncertainty in projections of climate impacts on terrestrial ecosystems and carbon cycle feedbacks. Two long-term through fall exclusion experiments (TFE) provided novel observations of Amazonian ecosystem responses under drought. These experiments also provided a great opportunity to evaluate and improve models' behavior under drought by comparing simulations and observations. While current DGVM use a wide array of algorithms to represent mortality, most are associated with large uncertainty for representing drought-induced mortality, and require updating to include current information of physiological processes. During very strong droughts, the leaves desiccate and stems may undergo catastrophic embolism. However, even before that point, stomata close, to minimize excessive water loss and risk of hydraulic failure, which reduces carbon assimilation. To maintain respiration and other functions, plants may eventually deplete stored non-structural carbon compounds (NSC), which may have negative impacts on plant and eventually increase the probability of mortality.Here, we describe a new parameterization of the mortality process induced by drought using the ORCHIDEE-CAN dynamic vegetation model and test it using the two TFE results. We first updated and evaluated both the representation of hydraulic architecture and the NSC pool dynamics using in situ data. We implemented a direct climate effect on mortality through catastrophic stem embolism, based on hydraulic vulnerability curves. In addition, we explored the role of NSC on hydraulic failure and mortality by coupling in the model NSC content and vulnerability curves, following the idea that stored NSC serves a critical osmotic function. Our results suggest that models have the capacity to represent individual mortality from a mechanistic perspective, providing a framework for informing future experiments and data collection for model development.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yee, S; Krauss, D; Yan, D

Purpose: Unlike on the daily CBCT used for the image-guided radiation therapy, the visualization of an implantable metallic fiducial marker on the planning MRI images has been a challenge due to the inherent insensitivity of metal in MRI, and very thin (∼ 1 mm or less) diameter. Here, an MRI technique to visualize a marker used for prostate cancer radiotherapy is reported. Methods: During the MRI acquisitions, a multi-shot turbo spin echo (TSE) technique (TR=3500 ms, TE=8.6 ms, ETL=17, recon voxel=0.42x0.42x3.5 mm3) was acquired in Philips 3T Ingenia together with a T2-weighted multi-shot TSE (TR=5381 ms, TE=110 ms, ETL=17, reconmore » voxel=0.47×0.47×3 mm3) and a balanced turbo field echo (bTFE, flip angle 60, TR=2.76 ms, TE=1.3 ms, 0.85×0.85×3 mm3, NSA=4). In acquiring the MRI to visualize the fiducial marker, a particular emphasis was made to improve the spatial resolution and visibility in the generally dark, inhomogeneous prostate area by adjusting the slice profile ordering and TE values of TSE acquisition (in general, the lower value of TE in TSE acquisition generates a brighter signal but at the cost of high spatial resolution since the k-space, responsible for high spatial resolution, is filled with noisier data). Results: While clearly visible in CT, the marker was not visible in either T2-weighted TSE or bTFE, although the image qualities of both images were superior. In the new TSE acquisition (∼ a proton-density weighted image) adjusted by changing the profile ordering and the TE value, the marker was visible as a negative (but clear) contrast in the magnitude MRI, and as a positive contrast in the imaginary image of the phase-sensitive MRI. Conclusion: A metallic fiducial marker used for image guidance before prostate cancer radiotherapy can be made visible in MRI, which may facilitate more use of MRI in planning and guiding such radiation therapy.« less

Methanosarcina acetivorans 16S rRNA and transcription factor nucleotide fluctuation with implications in exobiology and pathology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holden, Todd; Tremberger, G., Jr.; Cheung, E.; Subramaniam, R.; Sullivan, R.; Schneider, P.; Flamholz, A.; Marchese, P.; Hiciano, O.; Yao, H.; Lieberman, D.; Cheung, T.

2008-08-01

Cultures of the methane-producing archaea Methanosarcina, have recently been isolated from Alaskan sediments. It has been proposed that methanogens are strong candidates for exobiological life in extreme conditions. The spatial environmental gradients, such as those associated with the polygons on Mars' surface, could have been produced by past methanogenesis activity. The 16S rRNA gene has been used routinely to classify phenotypes. Using the fractal dimension of nucleotide fluctuation, a comparative study of the 16S rRNA nucleotide fluctuation in Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A, Deinococcus radiodurans, and E. coli was conducted. The results suggest that Methanosarcina acetivorans has the lowest fractal dimension, consistent with its ancestral position in evolution. Variation in fluctuation complexity was also detected in the transcription factors. The transcription factor B (TFB) was found to have a higher fractal dimension as compared to transcription factor E (TFE), consistent with the fact that a single TFB in Methanosarcina acetivorans can code three different TATA box proteins. The average nucleotide pair-wise free energy of the DNA repair genes was found to be highest for Methanosarcina acetivorans, suggesting a relatively weak bonding, which is consistent with its low prevalence in pathology. Multitasking capacity comparison of type-I and type-II topoisomerases has been shown to correlate with fractal dimension using the methicillin-resistant strain MRSA 252. The analysis suggests that gene adaptation in a changing chemical environment can be measured in terms of bioinformatics. Given that the radiation resistant Deinococcus radiodurans is a strong candidate for an extraterrestrial origin and that the cold temperature Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5 can function in Siberian permafrost, the fractal dimension comparison in this study suggests that a chemical resistant methanogen could exist in extremely cold conditions (such as that which existed on early Mars) where demands on gene activity are low. In addition, the comparative study of the Methanococcoides burtonii cold shock domain sequence has provided further support for the correlation between multitasking capacity and fractal dimension.

Development and characterization of coaxially electrospun gelatin coated poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid) thin films as potential scaffolds for skin regeneration.

PubMed

Nagiah, Naveen; Madhavi, Lakshmi; Anitha, R; Anandan, C; Srinivasan, Natarajan Tirupattur; Sivagnanam, Uma Tirichurapalli

2013-10-01

The morphology of fibers synthesized through electrospinning has been found to mimic extracellular matrix. Coaxially electrospun fibers of gelatin (sheath) coated poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) (core) was developed using 2,2,2 trifluoroethanol(TFE) and 1,1,1,3,3,3 hexafluoro-2-propanol(HFIP) as solvents respectively. The coaxial structure and coating of gelatin with PHB fibers was confirmed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Thermal stability of the coaxially electrospun fibers was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and differential thermogravimetric analysis(DTA). Complete evaporation of solvent and gelatin grafting over PHB fibers was confirmed through attenuated total reflection-Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The coaxially electrospun fibers exhibited competent tensile properties for skin regeneration with high surface area and porosity. In vitro degradation studies proved the stability of fibers and its potential applications in tissue engineering. The fibers supported the growth of human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes with normal morphology indicating its potential as a scaffold for skin regeneration. © 2013.

Age and geochemistry of Neoproterozoic granitoids in the Songnen-Zhangguangcai Range Massif, NE China: Petrogenesis and tectonic implications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luan, Jin-Peng; Xu, Wen-Liang; Wang, Feng; Wang, Zhi-Wei; Guo, Peng

2017-10-01

This study presents new zircon U-Pb ages and geochemical data for Neoproterozoic granitoids in the Songnen-Zhangguangcai Range Massif (SZRM) of NE China. This dataset provides insights into the Neoproterozoic tectonic setting of the SZRM and the links between this magmatism and the evolution of the Rodinia supercontinent. The zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the Neoproterozoic magmatism within the SZRM can be subdivided into two stages: (1) a ∼917-911 Ma suite of syenogranites and monzogranites, and (2) an ∼841 Ma suite of granodiorites. The 917-911 Ma granitoids contain high concentrations of SiO2 (67.89-71.18 wt.%), K2O (4.24-6.91 wt.%), and Al2O3 (14.89-16.14 wt.%), and low concentrations of TFe2O3 (1.63-3.70 wt.%) and MgO (0.53-0.88 wt.%). They are enriched in the light rare earth elements (LREE) and the large ion lithophile elements (LILE), are depleted in the heavy REE (HREE) and the high field strength elements (HFSE; e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti), and have slightly positive Eu anomalies, indicating that they are geochemically similar to high-K adakitic rocks. They have zircon εHf (t) values and TDM2 ages from -4.4 to +1.5 and 1915 Ma to 1592 Ma, respectively, suggesting that they were derived from a primary magma generated by the partial melting of ancient thickened lower crustal material. In comparison, the 841 Ma granodiorites contain relatively low concentrations of Al2O3 (14.50-14.58 wt.%) and K2O (3.27-3.29 wt.%), relatively high concentrations of TFe2O3 (3.78-3.81 wt.%) and the HREE, have negative Eu anomalies, and have zircon εHf (t) values and TDM2 ages from -4.7 to +1.0 and 1875 to 1559 Ma, respectively. These granodiorites formed from a primary magma generated by the partial melting of ancient crustal material. The ∼917-911 Ma magmatism within the SZRM is inferred to have formed in an orogenic setting, whereas the ∼841 Ma magmatism formed in an anorogenic setting related to either a post-orogenic tectonic event or the onset of Neoproterozoic continental rifting. It is proposed that the microcontinental massifs within the eastern central Asian orogenic belt of NE China formed during or following the final stage of assembly of Rodinia before rifting away from the Tarim Craton in response to the Rodinia breakup.

Detailed Analysis for the Solvolysis of Isopropenyl Chloroformate

PubMed Central

D’Souza, Malcolm John; Shuman, Kevin Edward; Omondi, Arnold Ochieng; Kevill, Dennis Neil

2011-01-01

The specific rates of solvolysis (including those obtained from the literature) of isopropenyl chloroformate (1) are analyzed using the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation, involving the NT scale of solvent nucleophilicity (S-methyldibenzothiophenium ion) combined with a YCl scale based on 1-adamantyl chloride solvolysis. A similarity model approach, using phenyl chloroformate solvolyses for comparison, indicated a dominant bimolecular carbonyl-addition mechanism for the solvolyses of 1 in all solvents except 97% 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP). An extensive evaluation of the outcomes acquired through the application of the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation resulted in the proposal of an addition-elimination mechanism dominating in most of the solvents, but in 97-70% HFIP, and 97% 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), it is proposed that a superimposed unimolecular (SN1) type ionization is making a significant contribution. PMID:21881623

Effect of impurities of selenium and iron on the Anderson localization of 1T-TaS 2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ōnuki, Y.; Inada, R.; Tanuma, S.

1980-01-01

The temperature dependence of electrical resistivities θ( T) of 1T-TaS 2, 1T-TaS 2- xSe x and 1T-Fe xTa 1- xS 2 is found to be θ( T) ∝ exp( T0/ T) 1/n in the temperature range of 4 K to the measured lowest temperature, 0.1 K, showing the variable range hopping of Anderson localized states. The n-value is nearly 3 for selenium doping and nearly 2 for non-doping and iron doping. The positive magnetoresistance, which is sizable only in the temperature range of 2 K to 0.5 K in 1T-TaS 2, is found to be remarkably enhanced by the selenium doping, while the tendency is reversed by the iron doping.

Structural and Functional Characterization of a Multifunctional Alanine-Rich Peptide Analogue from Pleuronectes americanus

PubMed Central

Migliolo, Ludovico; Silva, Osmar N.; Silva, Paula A.; Costa, Maysa P.; Costa, Carolina R.; Nolasco, Diego O.; Barbosa, João A. R. G.; Silva, Maria R. R.; Bemquerer, Marcelo P.; Lima, Lidia M. P.; Romanos, Maria T. V.; Freitas, Sonia M.; Magalhães, Beatriz S.; Franco, Octavio L.

2012-01-01

Recently, defense peptides that are able to act against several targets have been characterized. The present work focuses on structural and functional evaluation of the peptide analogue Pa-MAP, previously isolated as an antifreeze peptide from Pleuronectes americanus. Pa-MAP showed activities against different targets such as tumoral cells in culture (CACO-2, MCF-7 and HCT-116), bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923), viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and fungi (Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Trichophyton mentagrophytes (28d&E) and T. rubrum (327)). This peptide did not show toxicity against mammalian cells such as erythrocytes, Vero and RAW 264.7 cells. Molecular mechanism of action was related to hydrophobic residues, since only the terminal amino group is charged at pH 7 as confirmed by potentiometric titration. In order to shed some light on its structure-function relations, in vitro and in silico assays were carried out using circular dichroism and molecular dynamics. Furthermore, Pa-MAP showed partial unfolding of the peptide changes in a wide pH (3 to 11) and temperature (25 to 95°C) ranges, although it might not reach complete unfolding at 95°C, suggesting a high conformational stability. This peptide also showed a conformational transition with a partial α-helical fold in water and a full α-helical core in SDS and TFE environments. These results were corroborated by spectral data measured at 222 nm and by 50 ns dynamic simulation. In conclusion, data reported here show that Pa-MAP is a potential candidate for drug design against pathogenic microorganisms due to its structural stability and wide activity against a range of targets. PMID:23056574

Airesearch QCGAT program. [quiet clean general aviation turbofan engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heldenbrand, R. W.; Norgren, W. M.

1979-01-01

A model TFE731-1 engine was used as a baseline for the NASA quiet clean general aviation turbofan engine and engine/nacelle program designed to demonstrate the applicability of large turbofan engine technology to small general aviation turbofan engines, and to obtain significant reductions in noise and pollutant emissions while reducing or maintaining fuel consumption levels. All new technology design for rotating parts and all items in the engine and nacelle that contributed to the acoustic and pollution characteristics of the engine system were of flight design, weight, and construction. The major noise, emissions, and performance goals were met. Noise levels estimated for the three FAR Part 36 conditions, are 10 t0 15 ENPdB below FAA requirements; emission values are considerably reduced below that of current technology engines; and the engine performance represents a TSFC improvement of approximately 9 percent over other turbofan engines.

Polymeric and composite materials for use in systems utilizing hot, flowing geothermal brine. II

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lorensen, L.E.; Walkup, C.M.

1978-04-13

Further progress is reported on a continuing experimental program designed to select high-performance polymeric materials for use in geothermal power plants. In field tests 12 nozzles, 27 wear plates, and 2 types of polymer lined pipe were tested. Nozzles made of Teflons TFE and PFA, Tefzel, Ryton PPS and H-Resin/carbon cloth were little changed except for some scaling. The fluorocarbons scaled least rapidly. All blade type wear plates eroded, those based on Tefzel, PPQ, and PPS the least. Fluorocarbon lined pipes were little affected by exposure. In laboratory tests samples were heated at 250 and 300/sup 0/C in brine. Severalmore » materials including fluorocarbon and unhydrolyzable aromatic or cross-linked aliphatic, thermally stable polymers survived for periods up to 1300 h. In erosion tests, coatings based on epoxy resins and a fluorocarbon were most resistant; good adhesion was required.« less

Comparison of Tungsten and Molybdenum Based Emitters for Advanced Thermionic Space Nuclear Reactors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Hsing H.; Dickinson, Jeffrey W.; Klein, Andrew C.; Lamp, Thomas R.

1994-07-01

Variations to the Advanced Thermionic Initiative thermionic fuel element are analyzed. Analysis included neutronic modeling with MCNP for criticality determination and thermal power distribution, and thermionic performance modeling with TFEHX. Changes to the original ATI configuration include the addition of W-HfC wire to the emitter for high temperature creep resistance improvement and substitution of molybdenum for the tungsten base material. Results from MCNP showed that all the tungsten used in the coating and base material must be 100% W-184 to obtain criticality. The presence of molybdenum in the emitter base affects the neutronic performance of the TFE by increasing the emitter neutron absorption cross section. Due to the reduced thermal conductivity for the molybdenum based emitter, a higher temperature is obtained resulting in a greater electrical power production. The thermal conductivity and resistivity of the composite emitter region were derived for the W-Mo composite and used in TFEHX.

Xp 11.2 translocation renal carcinoma in young adults; recently classified distinct subtype

PubMed Central

Kmetec, Andrej; Jeruc, Jera

2014-01-01

Background XP11.2 renal translocation carcinomas are often encountered in paediatric group of patients where they are believed to be rather indolent. They are rare but more aggressive in young adults. They are slow growing, sometimes without characteristic symptoms and their biologic behaviour is uncertain. Case report We report two cases of this type of tumour in Slovenian young adult males with long and unusual history. Tumours were confirmed imunohistologically by positive reaction for CD10, P504S and TFE3. Conclusions According to the indications in the literature prognosis of these tumours in young adults depends upon the stage. It seems that cysts, haematomas and necrosis around the kidney are often encountered in these tumours. In advanced stage with lymph nodes involvement or distant metastases, the prognosis is poor. Surgery seems to be basic mode of therapy. PMID:24991210

Cost/benefit analysis of advanced materials technology candidates for the 1980's, part 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dennis, R. E.; Maertins, H. F.

1980-01-01

Cost/benefit analyses to evaluate advanced material technologies projects considered for general aviation and turboprop commuter aircraft through estimated life-cycle costs, direct operating costs, and development costs are discussed. Specifically addressed is the selection of technologies to be evaluated; development of property goals; assessment of candidate technologies on typical engines and aircraft; sensitivity analysis of the changes in property goals on performance and economics, cost, and risk analysis for each technology; and ranking of each technology by relative value. The cost/benefit analysis was applied to a domestic, nonrevenue producing, business-type jet aircraft configured with two TFE731-3 turbofan engines, and to a domestic, nonrevenue producing, business type turboprop aircraft configured with two TPE331-10 turboprop engines. In addition, a cost/benefit analysis was applied to a commercial turboprop aircraft configured with a growth version of the TPE331-10.

Measured current drainage through holes in various dielectrics up to 2 kilovolts in a dilute plasma

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grier, N. T.; Mckinzie, D. J., Jr.

1972-01-01

The electron current drained from a plasma through approximately 0.05 cm diameter holes in eight possible space applicable dielectrics placed on a probe biased at voltages up to 2000 V dc have been determined both theoretically and experimentally. The dielectrics tested were Parylene C and N, Teflon FEP type C, Teflon TFE, Nomex, quartz 7940 Corning Glass, Mylar A, and Kapton H polymide film. A Laplace field was used to predict an upper limit for the drainage current. The measured current was less than the computed current for quartz, Teflon FEP, and the 0.0123 cm thick sample of Parylene N for all voltages tested. The drainage current through the other dielectrics became equal to or greater than the computed current at a voltage below 2000 V. The magnitudes of the currents were between 0.1 and 10 microamperes for most of the dielectrics.

A Roof for the Lions' House

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

Fans of the National Football League s Detroit Lions don't worry about game day weather. Their magnificent new Pontiac Stadium has a domed, air-supported, fabric roof that admits light but protects the playing field and patrons from the elements. The 80,000-seat Silverdome is the world s largest fabric-covered structure-and aerospace technology played an important part in its construction. The key to economical construction of the Silverdome--and many other types of buildings--is a spinoff of fiber glass Beta yarn coated with Teflon TFE fluorocarbon resin. The big advance it offers is permanency.The team of DuPont, Chemical Fabrics and Birdair have collaborated on a number of fabric structures. Some are supported by air pressure, others by cables alone. Most of the structures are in the recreational category. With conventional construction costs still on the upswing, you're likely to see a great many more permanent facilities enclosed by the aerospace spinoff fabric.

FLCN: The causative gene for Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome.

PubMed

Schmidt, Laura S; Linehan, W Marston

2018-01-15

Germline mutations in the novel tumor suppressor gene FLCN are responsible for the autosomal dominant inherited disorder Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome that predisposes to fibrofolliculomas, lung cysts and spontaneous pneumothorax, and an increased risk for developing kidney tumors. Although the encoded protein, folliculin (FLCN), has no sequence homology to known functional domains, x-ray crystallographic studies have shown that the C-terminus of FLCN has structural similarity to DENN (differentially expressed in normal cells and neoplasia) domain proteins that act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for small Rab GTPases. FLCN forms a complex with folliculin interacting proteins 1 and 2 (FNIP1, FNIP2) and with 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This review summarizes FLCN functional studies which support a role for FLCN in diverse metabolic pathways and cellular processes that include modulation of the mTOR pathway, regulation of PGC1α and mitochondrial biogenesis, cell-cell adhesion and RhoA signaling, control of TFE3/TFEB transcriptional activity, amino acid-dependent activation of mTORC1 on lysosomes through Rag GTPases, and regulation of autophagy. Ongoing research efforts are focused on clarifying the primary FLCN-associated pathway(s) that drives the development of fibrofolliculomas, lung cysts and kidney tumors in BHD patients carrying germline FLCN mutations. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Prediction of cadmium enrichment in reclaimed coastal soils by classification and regression tree

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ru, Feng; Yin, Aijing; Jin, Jiaxin; Zhang, Xiuying; Yang, Xiaohui; Zhang, Ming; Gao, Chao

2016-08-01

Reclamation of coastal land is one of the most common ways to obtain land resources in China. However, it has long been acknowledged that the artificial interference with coastal land has disadvantageous effects, such as heavy metal contamination. This study aimed to develop a prediction model for cadmium enrichment levels and assess the importance of affecting factors in typical reclaimed land in Eastern China (DFCL: Dafeng Coastal Land). Two hundred and twenty seven surficial soil/sediment samples were collected and analyzed to identify the enrichment levels of cadmium and the possible affecting factors in soils and sediments. The classification and regression tree (CART) model was applied in this study to predict cadmium enrichment levels. The prediction results showed that cadmium enrichment levels assessed by the CART model had an accuracy of 78.0%. The CART model could extract more information on factors affecting the environmental behavior of cadmium than correlation analysis. The integration of correlation analysis and the CART model showed that fertilizer application and organic carbon accumulation were the most important factors affecting soil/sediment cadmium enrichment levels, followed by particle size effects (Al2O3, TFe2O3 and SiO2), contents of Cl and S, surrounding construction areas and reclamation history.

Review of renal carcinoma with t(6;11)(p21;q12) with focus on clinical and pathobiological aspects.

PubMed

Kuroda, Naoto; Tanaka, Azusa; Sasaki, Naomi; Ishihara, Akira; Matsuura, Keiko; Moriyama, Masatsugu; Nagashima, Yoji; Inoue, Keiji; Petersson, Fredrik; Martignoni, Guido; Michal, Michal; Hes, Ondrej

2013-06-01

Recently, a new category of MiTF/TFE family translocation carcinomas of the kidney has been proposed. This category includes Xp11.2 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the t(6;11) RCC. These tumors share clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic features. In this article, we review t(6;11) RCC. This tumor predominantly affects children and young adults. Macroscopically, the tumor generally forms a well circumscribed mass. Satellite nodules may be observed. Histologically, the tumor comprises large cells and small cells surrounded by basement membrane material. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells show nuclear immunolabeling for TFEB and usually express Cathepsin-K in the cytoplasm. Karyotyping detects the rearrangement between chromosome 6p21 and chromosome 11q12. Alpha-TFEB fusion can be detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Most cases affecting children and young adults seem to be indolent, but some adult cases have presented with metastasis or caused death. As previously reported cases remain limited to date, further examination in a large scale study will be needed in order to elucidate clinical behavior and molecular characteristics.

Extrarenal perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) respond to mTOR inhibition: Clinical and molecular correlates

PubMed Central

Dickson, Mark A.; Schwartz, Gary K.; Antonescu, Cristina R.; Kwiatkowski, David J.; Malinowska, Izabela A.

2012-01-01

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are a group of rare mesenchymal tumors that typically show both melanocytic and smooth muscle cell features. Some types of PEComa are seen at high frequency in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). The TSC1 and TSC2 genes are commonly mutated in both TSC-associated and sporadic PEComas, and mTOR signaling pathway activation is also common in these tumors. Preliminary reports have indicated that the mTOR inhibitors sirolimus and related drugs have activity in some patients with non-TSC-associated PEComa. Here we report on the use of these medications in the treatment of five consecutive patients with extrarenal non-pulmonary PEComas seen at one institution. Three complete responses, one partial response and one case of progression were seen. Molecular studies identified TSC2 aberrations in four of these patients, and TFE3 translocation was excluded in the resistant case. A review of all published cases as well as those reported here indicates that partial or complete response was seen in 6 of 11 PEComas, with 5 of the 6 having a complete response. These findings highlight the consistent though incomplete activity of mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of PEComas. PMID:22927055

Magnetic properties of GdT 2Zn 20 (T = Fe, Co) investigated by x-ray diffraction and spectroscopy

DOE PAGES

J. R. L. Mardegan; Fabbris, G.; Francoual, S.; ...

2016-01-26

In this study, we investigate the magnetic and electronic properties of the GdT 2Zn 20 (T=Fe and Co) compounds using x-ray resonant magnetic scattering (XRMS), x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The XRMS measurements reveal that GdCo 2Zn 20 has a commensurate antiferromagnetic spin structure with a magnetic propagation vector →/ τ = (12,12,12) below the Néel temperature (T N ~ 5.7 K). Only the Gd ions carry a magnetic moment forming an antiferromagnetic structure with magnetic representation Γ 6. For the ferromagnetic GdFe 2Zn 20 compound, an extensive investigation was performed at low temperaturemore » and under magnetic field using XANES and XMCD. A strong XMCD signal of about 12.5% and 9.7% is observed below the Curie temperature (T C ~ 85K) at the Gd L 2 and L 3 edges, respectively. In addition, a small magnetic signal of about 0.06% of the jump is recorded at the Zn K edge, suggesting that the Zn 4p states are spin polarized by the Gd 5d extended orbitals.« less

Renal carcinomas associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions: findings on MRI and computed tomography imaging.

PubMed

Liu, Kefu; Xie, Ping; Peng, Weijun; Zhou, Zhengrong

2014-08-01

To retrospectively analyze MRI and computed tomographic (CT) findings from renal carcinomas associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions (Xp11-RCC). Institutional review board permission was obtained to review patient medical records, and the requirement for informed consent was waved . The clinical and MRI/CT features of five cases with Xp11-RCC that were confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively. The image characteristics included the lesion location and size, contribution of cystic and solid components, intratumoral necrosis or hemorrhage, invasion of perinephric tissue and renal sinus, lymphadenopathy, major venous or arterial vascular invasion, pattern of the tumor growth, intratumor calcification and lipids, homogeneity of SI on T2-weighted images, attenuation and SI of the mass with respect to the normal renal cortex on precontrast and contrasted CT/MRI images, tumor SIs, tumor attenuations and tumor-to-cortex indices, homogeneity of enhancement on the contrasted images. The mean age was 32 years (range, 15-47 years). Most patients (4/5) were women. All tumors showed a cortical location. The average tumor size was 9 cm (range, 4-18 cm). Four tumors comprised a predominantly solid lesion with focal necrosis, and one tumor comprised a solid lesion with significant necrosis. All tumors showed intertumor hemorrhage, infiltrative growth and invasion of the perirenal adipose/renal sinus. Four cases showed retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, of which one case showed simultaneous mediastinal and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. All tumors from four cases showed mild hyperintensity on T1-weighted MRI images, and three tumors showed hypointensity on T2-weighted MRI images relative to the renal cortex except for 1 tumor that showed significant hemorrhage and a relative hyperintensity. For 3 cases who were imaged with CT, two tumors imaged using nonenhanced CT images showed mild hyperdensity relative to the renal cortex. Calcification was noted in all three tumors. All tumors showed mild, persistent enhancement. Typical Xp11-RCC manifests as an advanced, solid renal mass with mild persistent enhancement, a prevalence of intertumor hemorrhage/calcification, and a cortical epicenter location. The predilection for children and young adults is a useful clinical feature when confirming a diagnosis of Xp11-RCC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

B7H6-derived peptides trigger TNF-α-dependent immunostimulatory activity of lymphocytic NK92-MI cells.

PubMed

Phillips, Mariana; Romeo, Francesca; Bitsaktsis, Constantine; Sabatino, David

2016-09-01

The rise of biologics that can stimulate immune responses towards the eradication of tumors has led to the evolution of cancer-based immunotherapy. Representatively, B7H6 has been recently identified as a protein ligand on tumor cells that binds specifically to the NKp30 receptor and triggers NK cell-derived cytokine production, which ultimately leads to tumor cell lysis and death. In an effort to develop effective immunotherapy approaches, the rational design of a novel class of immunostimulatory peptides (IPs) derived from the binding interface of B7H6:NKp30 is described in this study. The IPs comprised the B7H6 active site sequence for NKp30 binding and immunostimulatory activity. An aminohexanoic acid linker was also introduced at the N-terminus of the peptides for FITC-labeling by Fmoc-solid phase peptide synthesis. The peptides were characterized by LCMS to confirm identities and purities >95%. The secondary structures of the peptides were examined by CD spectroscopy in H2 O, PBS and a H2 O:TFE mixture which demonstrated versatile peptide structures which transitioned from random coil (H2 O) to α-helical (PBS) and turn-type (H2 O:TFE) conformations. Their biological properties were then evaluated by flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and cell death assays. The occupancy of the synthetic peptides to a human NK cell line demonstrated comparable binding relative to the natural NKp30 ligand, B7H6, and the human anti-NKp30 monoclonal antibody (mAb), in a concentration dependent manner. A competitive binding assay between the human anti-NKp30 mAb or B7H6, and the synthetic peptides, demonstrated partial displacement of the ligands upon anti-NKp30 mAb treatment, suggesting NKp30 receptor specificities by the synthetic peptides. Moreover, the immunostimulatory activity of B7H6 was demonstrated by the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) by the human NK cell line. The immunostimulatory effects of IPs on the NK cells was assessed by the production of TNF-α alone as IFN-γ was undetectable. In a cell death assay, the IPs were found to be nontoxic, without any observable evidence of early or late stage apoptosis within the NK92-MI cells. Taking these findings together, this novel class of synthetic peptides may prove to be a promising lead in the development of a peptide-based immunotherapy approach, especially against B7H6 expressing tumors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 658-672, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Continuous monitoring of the C isotope composition of CO_{2}-rich subsurface degassing at Tenerife, Canary Islands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Melián, Gladys; Asensio-Ramos, María; Padrón, Eleazar; Barrancos, José; Hernández, Pedro A.; Pérez, Nemesio M.

2017-04-01

Tenerife is the largest island of the Canarian archipelago and several volcanic eruptions have occurred in the last 500 years, the last one in 1909. The main volcano-tectonic features of Tenerife Island are three main volcano-tectonic rifts trending N-E, N-W and N-S where, at the interception center is located Las Cañadas caldera and the stratovolcano Teide-Pico Viejo. Due to the approximately 1,500 wells and water galleries (1650 km) drilled during the last 150 years tapping the island's volcanic aquifer at different depths, Tenerife is a unique natural-scale laboratory for hydrological studies in oceanic volcanic islands. Ground waters are mainly Na+-HCO3- water type, mainly due to the continuous volcanic CO2 supply from the volcanic-hydrothermal system. A signi?cant number of these galleries show a CO2-rich inner atmosphere, and gas bubbling has also been detected inside some galleries. Since 2002, an automatic geochemical station installed at the entrance of the horizontal drilling "Fuente del Valle" (TFE02 station), Arona, Tenerife, measures the activities of 222Rn and 220Rn in the gas discharged from a CO2-rich gas bubbling spot located at 2.850 m depth. Interesting variations were recorded in the 222Rn/220Rn ratio after the period of 2004 anomalous seismicity and it has been demonstrated that this is a good control spot for volcanic surveillance (Pérez et al., 2007). Thus, in November 2016, a new type of laser based isotopic analyzer, a DeltaRayTM (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was installed in the TFE02 station to measure δ13C(CO2) directly in the gas discharged from the water. The gas, collected by means of an inverted funnel, is pumped (3 L min-1) towards the gallery entrance, where the instrumentation is located, through a polyamide pipe. During the study period the recorded data show a range of δ13C(CO2) from -6.2 to -4.2‰ vs. VPDB, with an average value of -5.1‰Ṫhese values are comparable to those ones measured in the gas sampled directly at the gas bubbling spot (˜-4.7‰ unpublished data) and analyzed with a Thermo Finnigan MAT 253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer, which supports the validity of the analytical method used. This is the first time that this type of instrumentation is used to continuously monitor the δ13C(CO2) isotopic composition of the gas discharged from a gas bubbling in a horizontal drill as a geochemical tool to evaluate the volcanic activity, in particular in Tenerife, a unique natural-scale laboratory for hydrological studies in oceanic volcanic islands. To correlate temporal variations in the δ13C(CO2) isotopic composition with changes in the seismic-volcanic activity of Tenerife, a longer observation period will be required. References: Pérez et al., 2007. Pure Appl. Geophys. DOI 10.1007/s00024-007-0280

Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor of Gastrointestinal Tract

PubMed Central

Lu, Biyan; Wang, Chenliang; Zhang, Junxiao; Kuiper, Roland P.; Song, Minmin; Zhang, Xiaoli; Song, Shunxin; van Kessel, Ad Geurts; Iwamoto, Aikichi; Wang, Jianping; Liu, Huanliang

2015-01-01

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors of gastrointestinal tract (GI PEComas) are exceedingly rare, with only a limited number of published reports worldwide. Given the scarcity of GI PEComas and their relatively short follow-up periods, our current knowledge of their biologic behavior, molecular genetic alterations, diagnostic criteria, and prognostic factors continues to be very limited. We present 2 cases of GI PEComas, one of which showed an aggressive histologic behavior that underwent multiple combined chemotherapies. We also review the available English-language medical literature on GI PEComas-not otherwise specified (PEComas-NOS) and discuss their clinicopathological and molecular genetic features. Pathologic analyses including histomorphologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural studies were performed to evaluate the clinicopathological features of GI PEComas, their diagnosis, and differential diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry, semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and DNA sequencing assays were carried out to detect the potential molecular genetic alterations in our cases Microscopically, the tumors showed distinctive histologic features of PEComas-NOS, including fascicular or nested architecture, epithelioid or spindled cell type, and clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm. The tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for melanocytic markers. Molecular pathological assays confirmed a PSF-TFE3 gene fusion in one of our cases. Furthermore, in this case microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and its downstream genes were found to exhibit elevated transcript levels. Knowledge about the molecular genetic alterations in GI PEComas is still limited and warrants further study. PMID:25621681

Expression of CD44 and CD29 by PEComa cells suggests their possible origin of mesenchymal stem cells.

PubMed

Liu, Ruixue; Jia, Wei; Zou, Hong; Wang, Xinhua; Ren, Yan; Zhao, Jin; Wang, Lianghai; Li, Man; Qi, Yan; Shen, Yaoyuan; Liang, Weihua; Jiang, Jinfang; Sun, Zhenzhu; Pang, Lijuan; Li, Feng

2015-01-01

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is a rare mesenchymal tumor composed of histologically and immunohistochemically distinctive perivascular epithelioid cells. The perivascular epithelioid cell (PEC) co-expresses melanocytic and muscle markers. Since no normal counterpart to the PEC has ever been identified in any normal tissue, the cell origin of these tumors is still uncertain. Although, several hypotheses have recently been advanced to explain the histogenesis of PEComa, it remains unclear. The aim of this study was to discuss whether differential expression of stem cell-associated proteins could be used to aid in determining the histogenesis of PEComa. For this purpose, we detected the immunoexpression of 5 kinds of stem cell markers on PEComas, including CD29, CD44, CD133, ALDH1, and nestin. In addition to observed histopathologic morphology, we also performed PEComa relevant clinical diagnostic markers (HMB-45, SMA, melan-A, Desmin, Ki-67, S-100 and TFE3) to identify whether they belonged to PEComas. Our study included 13 PEComa samples, and we obtained positive immunoexpression results as follows: CD29 (13/13), CD44 (8/13), ALDH1 (10/13), nestin (1/13), and CD133 (0/13). Since CD44 and CD29 are surface proteins associated with MSCs, these results suggest that PEComa might arise from MSCs. However, whether MSCs are the origin of PEComa needs to be further explored in the future.

Conversion of Natively Unstructured α-Synuclein to Its α-Helical Conformation Significantly Attenuates Production of Reactive Oxygen Species

PubMed Central

Zhou, Binbin; Hao, Yuanqiang; Wang, Chengshan; Li, Ding; Liu, You-Nian; Zhou, Feimeng

2012-01-01

The intracellular α-synuclein (α-syn) protein, whose conformational change and aggregation have been closely linked to the pathology of Parkingson’s disease (PD), is highly populated at the presynaptic termini and remains there in the α-helical conformation. In this study, circular dichroism confirmed that natively unstructured α-syn in aqueous solution was transformed to its α-helical conformation upon addition of trifluoroethanol (TFE). Electrochemical and UV–visible spectroscopic experiments reveal that both Cu(I) and Cu(II) are stabilized, with the former being stabilized by about two orders of magnitude. Compared to unstructured α-syn (Binolfi et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 (2011) 194–196), α-helical α-syn stabilizes Cu(I) by more than three orders of magnitude. Through the measurements of H2O2 and hydroxyl radicals (OH•) in solutions containing different forms of Cu(II) (free and complexed by unstructured or α-helical α-syn), we demonstrate that the significantly enhanced Cu(I) binding affinity helps inhibit the production of highly toxic reactive oxygen species, especially the hydroxyl radicals. Our study provides strong evidence that, as a possible means to prevent neuronal cell damage, conversion of the natively unstructured α-syn to its α-helical conformation in vivo could significantly attenuate the copper-modulated ROS production. PMID:23123341

Possible role of region 152–156 in the structural duality of a peptide fragment from sheep prion protein

PubMed Central

Megy, Simon; Bertho, Gildas; Kozin, Sergey A.; Debey, Pascale; Hui Bon Hoa, Gaston; Girault, Jean-Pierre

2004-01-01

The conformational conversion of the nonpathogenic “cellular” prion isoform into a pathogenic “scrapie” protease-resistant isoform is a fundamental event in the onset of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE). During this pathogenic conversion, helix H1 and its two flanking loops of the normal prion protein are thought to undergo a conformational transition into a β-like structure. A peptide spanning helix H1 and β-strand S2 (residues 142–166 in human numbering) was studied by circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. This peptide in aqueous solution, in contrast to many prion fragments studied earlier (1) is highly soluble and (2) does not aggregate until the millimolar concentration range, and (3) exhibits an intrinsic propensity to a β-hairpin-like conformation at neutral pH. We found that this peptide can also fold into a helix H1 conformation when dissolved in a TFE/PB mixture. The structures of the peptide calculated by MD showed solvent-dependent internal stabilizing forces of the structures and evidenced a higher mobility of the residues following the end of helix H1. These data suggest that the molecular rearrangement of this peptide in region 152–156, particularly in position 155, could be associated with the pathogenic conversion of the prion protein. PMID:15537751

Kinetic evaluation of the solvolysis of isobutyl chloro- and chlorothioformate esters

PubMed Central

McAneny, Matthew J; Choi, Song Hee

2011-01-01

Summary The specific rates of solvolysis of isobutyl chloroformate (1) are reported at 40.0 °C and those for isobutyl chlorothioformate (2) are reported at 25.0 °C, in a variety of pure and binary aqueous organic mixtures with wide ranging nucleophilicity and ionizing power. For 1, we also report the first-order rate constants determined at different temperatures in pure ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH), 80% EtOH, and in both 97% and 70% 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). The enthalpy (ΔH≠) and entropy (ΔS≠) of activation values obtained from Arrhenius plots for 1 in these five solvents are reported. The specific rates of solvolysis were analyzed using the extended Grunwald–Winstein equation. Results obtained from correlation analysis using this linear free energy relationship (LFER) reinforce our previous suggestion that side-by-side addition–elimination and ionization mechanisms operate, and the relative importance is dependent on the type of chloro- or chlorothioformate substrate and the solvent. PMID:21647255

Sunitinib-induced nephrotic syndrome in association with drug response in a patient with Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma.

PubMed

Liu, Yao-Chung; Chang, Peter Mu-Hsin; Liu, Chun-Yu; Yang, Chih-Yu; Chen, Ming-Han; Pan, Chin-Chen; Chen, Ming-Huang

2011-11-01

We report the case of a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma with Xp11.2 translocation/transcription factor E3 (TFE3) gene fusion who had presented with sunitinib-induced nephrotic syndrome in association with favorable and durable treatment response. The nephrotic syndrome was managed successfully by discontinuing sunitinib and symptomatic treatment. The 27-year-old female patient presenting with right upper abdominal pain was diagnosed with Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma on the right side with multiple pulmonary and hepatic metastases. She underwent radical nephrectomy and took a daily dose of 37.5 mg sunitinib. Partial response to sunitinib was achieved and maintained for 5 months, but when nephrotic syndrome occurred, drug intake was discontinued. The nephrotic syndrome gradually resolved around 2 months after discontinuation of sunitinib and medical management. Our case highlighted the favorable response of a particular non-clear cell type renal cell carcinoma to sunitinib and the specific toxicity associated with the antiangiogenic effect of sunitinib.

Development of a large scale bipolar NiH2 battery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adler, E.; Perez, F.

1983-01-01

The bipolar battery concept, developed in cooperation with NASA, is described in the context of the advantages afforded by near-term IPV and CVP cell technology. The projected performance, development requirements, and a possible approach to bipolar battery design are outlined. Consideration is given to packaging electrodes within a common hydrophobic plastic frame, electrode technology that involves a photochemically etched 0.1 mm thick nickel substrate coated with a 10 mg/sq cm mixture of platinum powder and TFE30, and an electrode design that eliminates the screen and doubles the electrode thickness (from the currently used 0.8 mm) while retaining the active material loading of 1.6-1.8 gm/cu cm. Also covered are thermal management, and electrolyte and oxygen management. It is concluded that a high voltage, high capacity, bipolar NiH2 cell can be configured with proper development for use in large power systems, and that it can provide considerable weight savings.

Experimental and numerical investigation of contact-area-limited doping for top-contact pentacene thin-film transistors with Schottky contact.

PubMed

Noda, Kei; Wada, Yasuo; Toyabe, Toru

2015-10-28

Effects of contact-area-limited doping for pentacene thin-film transistors with a bottom-gate, top-contact configuration were investigated. The increase in the drain current and the effective field-effect mobility was achieved by preparing hole-doped layers underneath the gold contact electrodes by coevaporation of pentacene and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ), confirmed by using a thin-film organic transistor advanced simulator (TOTAS) incorporating Schottky contact with a thermionic field emission (TFE) model. Although the simulated electrical characteristics fit the experimental results well only in the linear regime of the transistor operation, the barrier height for hole injection and the gate-voltage-dependent hole mobility in the pentacene transistors were evaluated with the aid of the device simulation. This experimental data analysis with the simulation indicates that the highly-doped semiconducting layers prepared in the contact regions can enhance the charge carrier injection into the active semiconductor layer and concurrent trap filling in the transistor channel, caused by the mitigation of a Schottky energy barrier. This study suggests that both the contact-area-limited doping and the device simulation dealing with Schottky contact are indispensable in designing and developing high-performance organic thin-film transistors.

GC-MS analysis of amino acid enantiomers as their N(O,S)-perfluoroacyl perfluoroalkyl esters: application to space exploration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zampolli, M.; Sternberg, R.; Szopa, C.; Pietrogrande, M. C.; Buch, A.; Dondi, F.; Raulin, F.

The search for optical activity in extraterrestrial sample is an important key for the study of the origin of life With this aim detection of chemical biomarkers i e of organic molecules which play an important role in biochemistry will be one of the main goals of future space missions To reach this goal an investigation of a GC-MS method based on the derivatization of amino acids by using a mixture of perfluorinated alcohols and perfluorinated anhydrides has been performed Amino acids are converted in their N O S -perfluoroacyl perfluoroalkyl esters in a single step procedure using different combinations of the derivatization reagents trifluoroacetic anhydride TFAA - 2 2 2-trifluoro-1-ethanol TFE TFAA-2 2 3 3 4 4 4-heptafluoro-1-butanol HFB heptafluorobutyric anhydride HFBA -HFB The obtained derivatives are analyzed using two different chiral columns a Chirasil-L-Val and a gammat cyclodextrin Rt- gamma -DEXsa stationary phases which show different and complementary enantiomeric selectivity The mass spectra of the derivatized compounds are studied and mass fragmentation patterns are proposed significant fragment ions can be identified to detect amino acid derivatives The obtained results are compared in terms of the enantiomeric separation achieved and mass spectrometric response Linearity studies and the measurement of the limit of detection LOD prove that the proposed method is suitable for a quantitative determination of several amino acids enantiomers 1 The use of a PTV Programmed Temperature Vaporiser

Evaluating Protein Structure and Dynamics Using Co-Solvents, Photochemical Triggers, and Site-Specific Spectroscopic Probes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abaskharon, Rachel M.

As ubiquitous and diverse biopolymers, proteins are dynamic molecules that are constantly engaging in inter- and intramolecular interactions responsible for their structure, fold, and function. Because of this, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the factors that control protein conformation and dynamics remains elusive as current experimental techniques often lack the ability to initiate and probe a specific interaction or conformational transition. For this reason, this thesis aims to develop methods to control and monitor protein conformations, conformational transitions, and dynamics in a site-specific manner, as well as to understand how specific and non-specific interactions affect the protein folding energy landscape. First, by using the co-solvent, trifluoroethanol (TFE), we show that the rate at which a peptide folds can be greatly impacted and thus controlled by the excluded volume effect. Secondly, we demonstrate the utility of several light-responsive molecules and reactions as methods to manipulate and investigate protein-folding processes. Using an azobenzene linker as a photo-initiator, we are able to increase the folding rate of a protein system by an order of magnitude by channeling a sub-population through a parallel, faster folding pathway. Additionally, we utilize a tryptophan-mediated electron transfer process to a nearby disulfide bond to strategically unfold a protein molecule with ultraviolet light. We also demonstrate the potential of two ruthenium polypyridyl complexes as ultrafast phototriggers of protein reactions. Finally, we develop several site-specific spectroscopic probes of protein structure and environment. Specifically, we demonstrate that a 13C-labeled aspartic acid residue constitutes a useful site-specific infrared probe for investigating salt-bridges and hydration dynamics of proteins, particularly in proteins containing several acidic amino acids. We also show that a proline-derivative, 4-oxoproline, possesses novel infrared properties that can be exploited to monitor the cis-trans isomerization process of individual proline residues in proteins.

Expression of CD44 and CD29 by PEComa cells suggests their possible origin of mesenchymal stem cells

PubMed Central

Liu, Ruixue; Jia, Wei; Zou, Hong; Wang, Xinhua; Ren, Yan; Zhao, Jin; Wang, Lianghai; Li, Man; Qi, Yan; Shen, Yaoyuan; Liang, Weihua; Jiang, Jinfang; Sun, Zhenzhu; Pang, Lijuan; Li, Feng

2015-01-01

Background: Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is a rare mesenchymal tumor composed of histologically and immunohistochemically distinctive perivascular epithelioid cells. The perivascular epithelioid cell (PEC) co-expresses melanocytic and muscle markers. Since no normal counterpart to the PEC has ever been identified in any normal tissue, the cell origin of these tumors is still uncertain. Although, several hypotheses have recently been advanced to explain the histogenesis of PEComa, it remains unclear. Methods: The aim of this study was to discuss whether differential expression of stem cell-associated proteins could be used to aid in determining the histogenesis of PEComa. For this purpose, we detected the immunoexpression of 5 kinds of stem cell markers on PEComas, including CD29, CD44, CD133, ALDH1, and nestin. In addition to observed histopathologic morphology, we also performed PEComa relevant clinical diagnostic markers (HMB-45, SMA, melan-A, Desmin, Ki-67, S-100 and TFE3) to identify whether they belonged to PEComas. Results: Our study included 13 PEComa samples, and we obtained positive immunoexpression results as follows: CD29 (13/13), CD44 (8/13), ALDH1 (10/13), nestin (1/13), and CD133 (0/13). Conclusions: Since CD44 and CD29 are surface proteins associated with MSCs, these results suggest that PEComa might arise from MSCs. However, whether MSCs are the origin of PEComa needs to be further explored in the future. PMID:26722497

Correlation of the Rates of Solvolysis of i-Butyl Fluoroformate and a Consideration of Leaving-Group Effects

PubMed Central

Lee, Yelin; Park, Kyoung-Ho; Seong, Mi Hye; Kyong, Jin Burm; Kevill, Dennis N.

2011-01-01

The specific rates of solvolysis of isobutyl fluoroformate (1) have been measured at 40.0 °C in 22 pure and binary solvents. These results correlated well with the extended Grunwald-Winstein (G-W) equation, which incorporated the NT solvent nucleophilicity scale and the YCl solvent ionizing power scale. The sensitivities (l and m-values) to changes in solvent nucleophilicity and solvent ionizing power, and the kF/kCl values are very similar to those observed previously for solvolyses of n-octyl fluoroformate, consistent with the additional step of an addition-elimination pathway being rate-determining. The solvent deuterium isotope effect value (kMeOH/kMeOD) for methanolysis of 1 was determined, and for solvolyses in ethanol, methanol, 80% ethanol, and 70% TFE, the values of the enthalpy and the entropy of activation for the solvolysis of 1 were also determined. The results are compared with those reported earlier for isobutyl chloroformate (2) and other alkyl haloformate esters and mechanistic conclusions are drawn. PMID:22174633

Understanding familial and non-familial renal cell cancer.

PubMed

Bodmer, Daniëlle; van den Hurk, Wilhelmina; van Groningen, Jan J M; Eleveld, Marc J; Martens, Gerard J M; Weterman, Marian A J; van Kessel, Ad Geurts

2002-10-01

Molecular genetic analysis of familial and non-familial cases of conventional renal cell carcinoma (RCC) revealed a critical role(s) for multiple genes on human chromosome 3. For some of these genes, e.g. VHL, such a role has been firmly established, whereas for others, definite confirmation is still pending. Additionally, a novel role for constitutional chromosome 3 translocations as risk factors for conventional RCC development is rapidly emerging. Also, several candidate loci have been mapped to other chromosomes in both familial and non-familial RCCs of distinct histologic subtypes. The MET gene on chromosome 7, for example, was found to be involved in both forms of papillary RCC. A PRCC-TFE3 fusion gene is typically encountered in t(X;1)-positive non-familial papillary RCCs and results in abrogation of the cell cycle mitotic spindle checkpoint in a dominant-negative fashion, thus leading to RCC. Together, these data turn human RCC into a model system in which different aspects of both familial and non-familial syndromes may act as novel paradigms for cancer development.

Bromodomain Protein BRD4 Is a Transcriptional Repressor of Autophagy and Lysosomal Function.

PubMed

Sakamaki, Jun-Ichi; Wilkinson, Simon; Hahn, Marcel; Tasdemir, Nilgun; O'Prey, Jim; Clark, William; Hedley, Ann; Nixon, Colin; Long, Jaclyn S; New, Maria; Van Acker, Tim; Tooze, Sharon A; Lowe, Scott W; Dikic, Ivan; Ryan, Kevin M

2017-05-18

Autophagy is a membrane-trafficking process that directs degradation of cytoplasmic material in lysosomes. The process promotes cellular fidelity, and while the core machinery of autophagy is known, the mechanisms that promote and sustain autophagy are less well defined. Here we report that the epigenetic reader BRD4 and the methyltransferase G9a repress a TFEB/TFE3/MITF-independent transcriptional program that promotes autophagy and lysosome biogenesis. We show that BRD4 knockdown induces autophagy in vitro and in vivo in response to some, but not all, situations. In the case of starvation, a signaling cascade involving AMPK and histone deacetylase SIRT1 displaces chromatin-bound BRD4, instigating autophagy gene activation and cell survival. Importantly, this program is directed independently and also reciprocally to the growth-promoting properties of BRD4 and is potently repressed by BRD4-NUT, a driver of NUT midline carcinoma. These findings therefore identify a distinct and selective mechanism of autophagy regulation. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

An all sulfur analogue of the smallest subunit of F420-non-reducing hydrogenase from Methanococcus voltae--metal binding and structure.

PubMed

Pfeiffer, M; Klein, A; Steinert, P; Schomburg, D

The 25 amino acid long subunit VhuU of the F420-non-reducing hydrogenase from Methanococcus voltae contains selenocysteine within the consensus sequence of known [NiFe] hydrogenases DP(C or U)CxxCxxH (U = selenocysteine). The sulfur-analogue VhuUc was chemically synthesized, purified and its metal binding capability, the catalytic properties, and structural features were investigated. The polypeptide was able to bind nickel, but did not catalyse the heterolytic activation of H2. 2D-NMR spectroscopy revealed an alpha-helical secondary structure for the 15 N-terminal amino acids in 50% TFE. Nickel only binds to the C-terminus, which contains the conserved amino acid motif. Structures derived from the NMR data are compatible with the participation of both sulfur atoms from the conserved cysteine residues in a metal ion binding. Structures obtained from the data sets for Ni.VhuUc as well as Zn.VhuUc showed no further ligands. The informational value for Ni.VhuUc was low due to paramagnetism.

Tension Structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

The fabric structure pictured is the Campus Center of La Verne College, La Verne, California. Unlike the facilities shown on the preceding pages, it is not air-supported. It is a "tension structure," its multi-coned fabric membrane supported by a network of cables attached to steel columns which function like circus tent poles. The spider-web in the accompanying photo is a computer graph of the tension pattern. The designers, Geiger-Berger Associates PC, of New York City, conducted lengthy computer analysis to determine the the best placement of columns and cables. The firm also served as structural engineering consultant on the Pontiac Silverdome and a number of other large fabric structures. Built by Birdair Structures, Inc., Buffalo, New York, the La Verne Campus Center was the first permanent facility in the United States enclosed by the space-spinoff fabric made of Owens-Corning Beta fiber glass coated with Du Pont Teflon TFE. The flexible design permits rearrangement of the interior to accommodate athletic events, student activities, theatrical productions and other recreational programs. Use of fabric covering reduced building cost 30 percent below conventional construction.

Lysosome enlargement during inhibition of the lipid kinase PIKfyve proceeds through lysosome coalescence.

PubMed

Choy, Christopher H; Saffi, Golam; Gray, Matthew A; Wallace, Callen; Dayam, Roya M; Ou, Zhen-Yi A; Lenk, Guy; Puertollano, Rosa; Watkins, Simon C; Botelho, Roberto J

2018-05-21

Lysosomes receive and degrade cargo from endocytosis, phagocytosis and autophagy. They also play an important role in sensing and instructing cells on their metabolic state. The lipid kinase PIKfyve generates phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate to modulate lysosome function. PIKfyve inhibition leads to impaired degradative capacity, ion dysregulation, abated autophagic flux and a massive enlargement of lysosomes. Collectively, this leads to various physiological defects, including embryonic lethality, neurodegeneration and overt inflammation. The reasons for such drastic lysosome enlargement remain unclear. Here, we examined whether biosynthesis and/or fusion-fission dynamics contribute to swelling. First, we show that PIKfyve inhibition activates TFEB, TFE3 and MITF, enhancing lysosome gene expression. However, this did not augment lysosomal protein levels during acute PIKfyve inhibition, and deletion of TFEB and/or related proteins did not impair lysosome swelling. Instead, PIKfyve inhibition led to fewer but enlarged lysosomes, suggesting that an imbalance favouring lysosome fusion over fission causes lysosome enlargement. Indeed, conditions that abated fusion curtailed lysosome swelling in PIKfyve-inhibited cells. © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma presenting as a breast metastasis in a patient with a history of thyroid cancer: a case report

PubMed Central

Bychkov, Andrey; Sampatanukul, Pichet

2015-01-01

Metastases to the breast are uncommon, accounting for 0.5% of breast tumors, and most of them are originated from lymphoma, melanoma and carcinomas of various organs. Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a very rare neoplasm that is usually found in the lower extremities. Lungs are the common site of dissemination and may represent initial manifestation of disease. We report a clinically unsuspected case of ASPS presenting as a breast metastasis in a 25-year-old woman. The patient’s medical history was notable for a thyroid cancer treated by surgery and radioiodine ablation 2 years ago. Core needle biopsy of slowly growing breast mass yielded polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged into solid pattern. Differential diagnosis between apocrine cell carcinoma, paraganglioma, granular cell tumor, neuroendocrine carcinoma, ASPS and metastatic hepatocellular and renal cell carcinoma was rendered by immunohistochemistry. Strong nuclear TFE3 immunoreactivity confirmed a diagnosis of ASPS. Retrospectively a primary tumor was found in the thigh. Most likely, ASPS and thyroid cancer in the patient were growing synchronously and independently. PMID:26464747

Spectroscopic evidence of β-turn in N-glycated peptidomimetics related to leucine-enkephalin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vass, E.; Hollósi, M.; Kveder, M.; Kojić-Prodić, B.; Čudić, M.; Horvat, Š.

2000-11-01

The conformational differences caused by N-glycation of the amide bond in endogenous opioid pentapeptide leucine-enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu) have been explored in solution using FTIR spectroscopy, NMR and molecular modelling. The compounds studied include protected and unprotected enkephalin analogues N-alkylated at the second (Gly 2) amino acid residue with a 6-deoxy- D-galactose moiety ( 1- 3). Comparison of the amide I component bands in the FTIR spectra, measured in trifluoroethanol (TFE), CHCl 3 and DMSO, revealed significant differences in the intensity as well as shifts in component band frequencies for glycopeptides 1- 3. We found that only the FTIR spectrum of the fully protected compound 1 indicated the presence of a higher population of β-turns, while the spectra of the partially protected and unprotected glycopeptides 2 and 3 reflected the dominance of unordered or open structures, with some low population of turns. The observed NOE connectivities in CDCl 3 for both isomers of the fully protected compound 1, the all-trans one and another with Tyr 1-Gly 2 peptide bond in cis conformation, indicate the presence of a β-like turn conformation. Molecular dynamics simulations of the glycopeptide 1 obtained by unconstrained energy minimization of trans- and cis- 1 shows that one of trans form conformations is consistent with β-turn whereas cis isomer has revealed less-compact turn.

Molecular genetics and clinical features of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome.

PubMed

Schmidt, Laura S; Linehan, W Marston

2015-10-01

Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is an inherited renal cancer syndrome in which affected individuals are at risk of developing benign cutaneous fibrofolliculomas, bilateral pulmonary cysts and spontaneous pneumothoraces, and kidney tumours. Bilateral multifocal renal tumours that develop in BHD syndrome are most frequently hybrid oncocytic tumours and chromophobe renal carcinoma, but can present with other histologies. Germline mutations in the FLCN gene on chromosome 17 are responsible for BHD syndrome--BHD-associated renal tumours display inactivation of the wild-type FLCN allele by somatic mutation or chromosomal loss, confirming that FLCN is a tumour suppressor gene that fits the classic two-hit model. FLCN interacts with two novel proteins, FNIP1 and FNIP2, and with AMPK, a negative regulator of mTOR. Studies with FLCN-deficient cell and animal models support a role for FLCN in modulating the AKT-mTOR pathway. Emerging evidence links FLCN with a number of other molecular pathways and cellular processes important for cell homeostasis that are frequently deregulated in cancer, including regulation of TFE3 and/or TFEB transcriptional activity, amino-acid-dependent mTOR activation through Rag GTPases, TGFβ signalling, PGC1α-driven mitochondrial biogenesis, and autophagy. Currently, surgical intervention is the only therapy available for BHD-associated renal tumours, but improved understanding of the FLCN pathway will hopefully lead to the development of effective forms of targeted systemic therapy for this disease.

Electron irradiation effects on partially fluorinated polymer films: Structure-property relationships

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nasef, Mohamed Mahmoud; Dahlan, Khairul Zaman M.

2003-04-01

The effects of electron beam irradiation on two partially fluorinated polymer films i.e. poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene) copolymer (ETFE) are studied at doses ranging from 100 to 1200 kGy in air at room temperature. Chemical structure, thermal and mechanical properties of irradiated films are investigated. FTIR show that both PVDF and ETFE films undergo similar changes in their chemical structures including the formation of carbonyl groups and double bonding. The changes in melting and crystallisation temperatures ( Tm and Tc) in both irradiated films are functions of irradiation dose and reflect the disorder in the chemical structure caused by the competition between crosslinking and chain scission. The heat of melting (Δ Hm) and the degree of crystallinity ( Xc) of PVDF films show no significant changes with the dose increase, whereas those of ETFE films are reduced rapidly after the first 100 kGy. The tensile strength of PVDF films is improved by irradiation compared to its rapid deterioration in ETFE films, which stemmed from the degradation prompted by the presence of radiation sensitive tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) comonomer units. The elongation at break of both films drops gradually with the dose increase indicating the formation of predominant crosslinked structures at high doses. However, the response of each polymer to crosslinking and main chain scission at various irradiation doses varies from PVDF to ETFE films.

Molecular Genetics and Clinical Features of Birt-Hogg-Dubé-Syndrome

PubMed Central

Schmidt, Laura S.; Linehan, W. Marston

2016-01-01

Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is an inherited renal cancer syndrome in which affected individuals are at risk to develop benign, cutaneous fibrofolliculomas, bilateral pulmonary cysts and spontaneous pneumothoraces, and kidney tumors. Bilateral multifocal renal tumors that develop in BHD syndrome are most frequently hybrid oncocytic tumors and chromophobe renal carcinoma, but may present with other histologies. Germline mutations in the FLCN gene on chromosome 17 are responsible for BHD syndrome. BHD-associated renal tumors show inactivation of the wild-type FLCN allele by somatic mutation or chromosomal loss, confirming that FLCN is a tumor suppressor gene that fits the classic two-hit model. FLCN interacts with two novel proteins, FNIP1 and FNIP2, and with AMPK, a negative regulator of mTOR. Studies with FLCN-deficient cell and animal models support a role for FLCN in modulating the AKT-mTOR pathway. Emerging evidence links FLCN with a number of other molecular pathways and cellular processes important for cell homeostasis that are frequently deregulated in cancer, including regulation of TFE3/TFEB transcriptional activity, amino acid-dependent mTOR activation through Rag GTPases, TGF-β signaling, PGC1α-driven mitochondrial biogenesis, and autophagy. Currently, surgical intervention is the only therapy available for BHD-associated renal tumors. Further understanding of the FLCN pathway will hopefully lead to the development of effective forms of therapy for this disease. PMID:26334087

Clinicopathological features of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma.

PubMed

Lim, Bumjin; You, Dalsan; Jeong, In Gab; Kwon, Taekmin; Hong, Sungwoo; Song, Cheryn; Cho, Yong Mee; Hong, Bumsik; Hong, Jun Hyuk; Ahn, Hanjong; Kim, Choung Soo

2015-03-01

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by various translocations of the TFE3 transcription factor gene. These rare cancers occur predominantly in children and young adults. Here, we review the clinicopathological features of Xp11.2 translocation RCC. We identified 21 patients with Xp11.2 translocation RCC. We retrospectively analyzed patient characteristics, clinical manifestations, and specific pathological features to assess definitive diagnosis, surgical and systemic treatments, and clinical outcomes. The mean age at diagnosis was 43.4±20.0 years (range, 8-80 years; 8 males and 13 females). Eleven patients were incidentally diagnosed, nine patients presented with local symptoms, and one patient presented with systemic symptoms. The mean tumor size was 6.2±3.8 cm (range, 1.9-14 cm). At the time of diagnosis, 11, 1, and 5 patients showed stage I, II, and III, respectively. Four patients showed distant metastasis. At analysis, 15 patients were disease-free after a median follow-up period of 30.0 months. Four patients received target therapy but not effectively. Xp11 translocation RCC tends to develop in young patients with lymph node metastasis. Targeted therapy did not effectively treat our patients. Surgery is the only effective therapy for Xp11 translocation RCC, and further studies are needed to assess systemic therapy and long-term prognosis.

Clinicopathological features of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma

PubMed Central

Lim, Bumjin; You, Dalsan; Jeong, In Gab; Kwon, Taekmin; Hong, Sungwoo; Song, Cheryn; Cho, Yong Mee; Hong, Bumsik; Hong, Jun Hyuk; Ahn, Hanjong

2015-01-01

Purpose Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by various translocations of the TFE3 transcription factor gene. These rare cancers occur predominantly in children and young adults. Here, we review the clinicopathological features of Xp11.2 translocation RCC. Materials and Methods We identified 21 patients with Xp11.2 translocation RCC. We retrospectively analyzed patient characteristics, clinical manifestations, and specific pathological features to assess definitive diagnosis, surgical and systemic treatments, and clinical outcomes. Results The mean age at diagnosis was 43.4±20.0 years (range, 8-80 years; 8 males and 13 females). Eleven patients were incidentally diagnosed, nine patients presented with local symptoms, and one patient presented with systemic symptoms. The mean tumor size was 6.2±3.8 cm (range, 1.9-14 cm). At the time of diagnosis, 11, 1, and 5 patients showed stage I, II, and III, respectively. Four patients showed distant metastasis. At analysis, 15 patients were disease-free after a median follow-up period of 30.0 months. Four patients received target therapy but not effectively. Conclusions Xp11 translocation RCC tends to develop in young patients with lymph node metastasis. Targeted therapy did not effectively treat our patients. Surgery is the only effective therapy for Xp11 translocation RCC, and further studies are needed to assess systemic therapy and long-term prognosis. PMID:25763125

Renal cell carcinoma in children and young adults: analysis of clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics with an emphasis on the spectrum of Xp11.2 translocation-associated and unusual clear cell subtypes.

PubMed

Wu, A; Kunju, L P; Cheng, L; Shah, R B

2008-11-01

Recent studies suggest that paediatric renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may represent a distinct group of tumours; however, its biological behaviour and classification remain poorly understood. The aim was to analyse 13 RCCs from patients < or =23 years of age to determine their clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics. The histological spectrum included: Xp11.2 translocation-associated (6/13 patients, 46%), clear cell (5/13 patients, 38%), papillary (1/13 patients) and unclassified (1/13 patients) types. The Xp11.2 translocation-associated RCCs had a wide morphological spectrum, with high nuclear grade cells with abundant cytoplasm ranging from clear to granular and architecture ranging from solid to papillary. These tumours lacked cytokeratin expression and were confirmed by nuclear reactivity for TFE3 protein. Most of these translocation-associated tumours presented at high stage and had an unfavourable outcome. Three clear cell RCCs had unusual features that have not been previously characterized, including solid and cystic architecture, cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm yet low nuclear grade and focal cytoplasmic inclusions, resembling oncocytoma. Deletion of subtelomeric 3p25 was observed in two of these RCCs. Xp11.2 translocation-associated RCC represents a predominant and aggressive subtype in the paediatric age group. Increased awareness of this subtype is important due to its heterogeneous morphology.

[Renal cell carcinoma with t(6;11)(p21.2;q13)/MALAT1-TFEB fusion: a clinical and pathological analysis].

PubMed

Xia, Qiuyuan; Shi, Shanshan; Shen, Qin; Wei, Xue; Wang, Xuan; Ma, Henghui; Lu, Zhenfeng; Zhou, Xiaojun; Rao, Qiu

2015-12-01

To study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype, differential diagnosis and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with t(6;11)(p21.2;q13)/MALAT1-TFEB gene fusion. A total of 9 cases of such rare tumor were selected for clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis, with review of literature. The age of the patients ranged from 21 to 42 years (mean=31.3 years). The patients included four men and five women. Histologically, 4 of the 9 cases studied showed classic morphologic features of TFEB RCC, with hyaline material, pigments and psammoma bodies frequently identified. The remaining 5 cases demonstrated uncommon morphology, mimicking perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm, clear cell RCC, chromophobe RCC or papillary RCC. Immunohistochemical study showed that TFEB and vimentin were positive in all cases. Most of the tumors studied also expressed Ksp-cadherin, E-cadherin, CD117, HMB45, Melan A and Cathepsin K. CKpan showed immunostaining in only 1 case. The staining for TFE3, CD10 and CK7 were all negative. TFEB gene rearrangement was detected in all the 9 cases studied using fluorescence in-situ hybridization. MALAT1-TFEB fusion gene was identified in 2 cases by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. TFEB RCC seemed to be an indolent tumor. During a mean follow-up of 31 months, none developed tumor recurrence, progression, or metastasis. TFEB fusion-associated RCC is a rare neoplasm, tends to occur in young age group and carries an indolent behavior. Diagnosis relies on clinicopathologic findings and immunohistochemical analysis. TFEB break-apart FISH assay is a reliable tool in confirming the diagnosis.

[Effect of highly active anti-retroviral therapy on prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV and on infant growth and development].

PubMed

He, Yan; Luo, Yan; Ding, Yi-ling; Zheng, Yu-huang; Li, Jing; Huang, Jian; Li, Jie-min

2011-10-01

To identify the effect of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) on prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV and on infant growth and development. A total of 16 HIV-infected women or pregnant women selected in this study received HAART before or 18 - 24 weeks after pregnancy. The treatment included taking Zidovudine (AZT) 0.3 g each time, twice a day, Lamivudine (3TC) 0.3 g each time, once a day and Nevirapine (NVP) 0.2 g each time, twice a day or Efavirenz (EFV) 0.6 g each time, once a day, as well as labor intervention and artificial feeding. The growth index for 17 infants from HIV-infected mothers (experimental group) and 16 normal infants (control group) were observed for 18 months. Neonatal hemoglobin (Hb), liver and kidney function, serum iron and calcium were detected at neonatal period and at 12(th) month, respectively. All the pregnant women were in good conditions and had tolerance with HAART. The birth weight, length and Apgar score of the newborns in the experimental group were (3.5 ± 0.9) kg, (54.2 ± 3.8) cm and 7 - 10 scores respectively, however those in the control group were (3.6 ± 0.8) kg, (55.6 ± 3.6) cm and 8 - 10 scores (t(weight) = 1.01, t(length) = 6.98, P > 0.05). Weight and length of infants in experimental group were (9.36 ± 1.8) kg and (76.3 ± 2.7) cm at 12(th) month, while those in control group were (9.86 ± 2.5) kg and (76.8 ± 2.9) cm (t(weight) = 0.83, t(length) = 1.00, P > 0.05). The level of Hb in experimental group was (126.2 ± 16.7) g/L, and was (148.6 ± 20.5) g/L in control group (t = -5.89, P = 0.11). At 12(th) month, the levels of Hb and the total bilirubin (TB) were (125.9 ± 19.8) g/L and (11.7 ± 3.5) µmol/L in experimental group; and those in the control group were (130.1 ± 18.7) g/L and (13.2 ± 3.7) µmol/L (t(Hb) = -3.82, t(TB) = -2.14, P > 0.05). Serum iron and calcium were (25.4 ± 5.7) µmol/L and (26.4 ± 7.2) µmol/L at neonatal period and were (2.3 ± 0.6) mol/L and (2.8 ± 0.6) mol/L at 12(th) month in experimental group, while those were (26.2 ± 4.9) µmol/L and (28.1 ± 6.9) µmol/L at neonatal period and were (2.6 ± 0.5) mol/L and (3.1 ± 0.5) mol/L at 12(th) month in the control group (t(Fe) = 0.80 and t(Ca) = -3.00 in neonatal period, t(Fe) = -1.50 and t(Ca) = -1.00 at 12(th) month, P > 0.05). All infants of HIV-infected mothers were not infected with HIV when they were 18 months old. HAART can prevent mother to child transmission of HIV and it was not found to influence the baby's growth and development in this study.

Structure-activity relationship of HP (2-20) analog peptide: enhanced antimicrobial activity by N-terminal random coil region deletion.

PubMed

Park, Yoonkyung; Park, Seong-Cheol; Park, Hae-Kyun; Shin, Song Yub; Kim, Yangmee; Hahm, Kyung-Soo

2007-01-01

HP (2-20) (AKKVFKRLEKLFSKIQNDK) is a 19-aa antimicrobial peptide derived from N-terminus of Helicobacter pylori Ribosomal protein L1 (RpL1). In the previous study, several analogs with amino acid substitutions were designed to increase or decrease only the net hydrophobicity. In particular, substitutions of Gln(16) and Asp(18) with Trp (Anal 3) for hydrophobic amino acid caused a dramatic increase in antibiotic activity without a hemolytic effect. HP-A3 is a potent antimicrobial peptide that forms, in a hydrophobic medium, an amphipathic structure consisting of an N-terminal random coil region (residues 2-5) and extended C-terminal regular alpha-helical region (residues 6-20). To obtain the short and potent alpha-helical antimicrobial peptide, we synthesized a N-terminal random coil deleted HP-A3 (A3-NT) and examined their antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action. The resulting 15mer peptide showed increased antibacterial and antifungal activity to 2- and 4-fold, respectively, without hemolysis. Confocal fluorescence microscopy studies showed that A3-NT was accumulated in the plasma membrane. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that A3-NT acted in salt- and energy-independent manner. Furthermore, A3-NT causes significant morphological alterations of the bacterial surfaces as shown by scanning electron microscopy. Circular dichroism (CD) analysis revealed that A3-NT showed higher alpha-helical contents than the HP-A3 peptide in 50% TFE solution. Therefore, the cell-lytic efficiency of HP-A3, which depended on the alpha-helical content of peptide, correlated linearly with their antimicrobial potency.

Domain retention in transcription factor fusion genes and its biological and clinical implications: a pan-cancer study

PubMed Central

Kim, Pora; Ballester, Leomar Y.; Zhao, Zhongming

2017-01-01

Genomic rearrangements involving transcription factors (TFs) can form fusion proteins resulting in either enhanced, weakened, or even loss of TF activity. Functional domain (FD) retention is a critical factor in the activity of transcription factor fusion genes (TFFGs). A systematic investigation of FD retention in TFFGs and their outcome (e.g. expression changes) in a pan-cancer study has not yet been completed. Here, we examined the FD retention status in 386 TFFGs across 13 major cancer types and identified 83 TFFGs involving 67 TFs that retained FDs. To measure the potential biological relevance of TFs in TFFGs, we introduced a Major Active Isofusion Index (MAII) and built a prioritized TFFG network using MAII scores and the observed frequency of fusion positive samples. Interestingly, the four TFFGs (PML-RARA, RUNX1-RUNX1T1, TMPRSS2-ERG, and SFPQ-TFE3) with the highest MAII scores showed 50 differentially expressed target genes (DETGs) in fusion-positive versus fusion-negative cancer samples. DETG analysis revealed that they were involved in tumorigenesis-related processes in each cancer type. PLAU, which encodes plasminogen activator urokinase and serves as a biomarker for tumor invasion, was found to be consistently activated in the samples with the highest MAII scores. Among the 50 DETGs, 21 were drug targetable genes. Fourteen of these 21 DETGs were expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples. Accordingly, we constructed an AML-specific TFFG network, which included 38 DETGs in RUNX1-RUNX1T1 or PML-RARA positive samples. In summary, this study revealed several TFFGs and their potential target genes, and provided insights into the clinical implications of TFFGs. PMID:29299133

A Study to Analyze the Permeation of High Density Gases and Propellant Vapors Through Single Layer Teflon or Teflon Structure Materials and Laminations. Volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, R. L.; Young, Donald L. (Technical Monitor)

1967-01-01

This report contains the results of a fifteen month analytical and experimental study of the leakage rate of the pressurant gases (N2, He) and the propellant vapors (N2O4,N2H4) through bladder structures consisting of two layers of Teflon separated by a metallic foil diffusion barrier containing microscopic or larger holes. Results were obtained for the steady state leakage rate through circular holes and long rectangular openings in the barrier for arbitrary thicknesses of the two Teflon layers. The effect of hole shape and relative hole position on the leakage rate were studied. The transient problem was analyzed and it was shown that steady state calculations are adequate for estimating the leakage rate. A computer program entitled "Diffusion Analyzer Program" was developed to calculate the leakage rate, both transient and steady state. Finally, the analytical results were compared to experimentally determined values of the leakage rate through a model laminated bladder structure. The results of the analysis are in good agreement with experiment. The experimental effort (Part II of the Bladder Permeation Program) measured the solubility, diffusion coefficient and permeability of helium, nitrogen and nitrogen tetroxide vapor through Teflon TFE and FEP membranes. Data were obtained in the temperature range of 25 to 100 C at pressures ranging from near vacuum to about 20 atmospheres. Results of the experimental effort were compared with the limited data previously reported. As a verification to the applicability of results to actual bladder systems, counter diffusion tests were performed with a laminated sample containing aluminum foil with a selected group of holes.

{sup 45}Sc Solid State NMR studies of the silicides ScTSi (T=Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harmening, Thomas; Eckert, Hellmut, E-mail: eckerth@uni-muenster.de; Fehse, Constanze M.

The silicides ScTSi (T=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt) were synthesized by arc-melting and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. The structures of ScCoSi, ScRuSi, ScPdSi, and ScIrSi were refined from single crystal diffractometer data. These silicides crystallize with the TiNiSi type, space group Pnma. No systematic influences of the {sup 45}Sc isotropic magnetic shift and nuclear electric quadrupolar coupling parameters on various structural distortion parameters calculated from the crystal structure data can be detected. {sup 45}Sc MAS-NMR data suggest systematic trends in the local electronic structure probed by the scandium atoms: both the electric field gradients andmore » the isotropic magnetic shifts relative to a 0.2 M aqueous Sc(NO{sub 3}){sub 3} solution decrease with increasing valence electron concentration and within each T group the isotropic magnetic shift decreases monotonically with increasing atomic number. The {sup 45}Sc nuclear electric quadrupolar coupling constants are generally well reproduced by quantum mechanical electric field gradient calculations using the WIEN2k code. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Arc-melting synthesis of silicides ScTSi. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Single crystal X-ray data of ScCoSi, ScRuSi, ScPdSi, and ScIrSi. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer {sup 45}Sc solid state NMR of silicides ScTSi.« less

Endoluminal ultrasound applicator with an integrated RF coil for high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging-guided high-intensity contact ultrasound thermotherapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rata, Mihaela; Salomir, Rares; Umathum, Reiner; Jenne, Jürgen; Lafon, Cyril; Cotton, François; Bock, Michael

2008-11-01

High-intensity contact ultrasound (HICU) under MRI guidance may provide minimally invasive treatment of endocavitary digestive tumors in the esophagus, colon or rectum. In this study, a miniature receive-only coil was integrated into an endoscopic ultrasound applicator to offer high-resolution MRI guidance of thermotherapy. A cylindrical plastic support with an incorporated single element flat transducer (9.45 MHz, water cooling tip) was made and equipped with a rectangular RF loop coil surrounding the active element. The integrated coil provided significantly higher sensitivity than a four-element extracorporeal phased array coil, and the standard deviation of the MR thermometry (SDT) improved up to a factor of 7 at 10 mm depth in tissue. High-resolution morphological images (T1w-TFE and IR-T1w-TSE with a voxel size of 0.25 × 0.25 × 3 mm3) and accurate thermometry data (the PRFS method with a voxel size of 0.5 × 0.5 × 5 mm3, 2.2 s/image, 0.3 °C voxel-wise SDT) were acquired in an ex vivo esophagus sample, on a clinical 1.5T scanner. The endoscopic device was actively operated under automatic temperature control, demonstrating a high level of accuracy (1.7% standard deviation, 1.1% error of mean value), which indicates that this technology may be suitable for HICU therapy of endoluminal cancer.

Anhydrous polymer-based coating with sustainable controlled release functionality for facile, efficacious impregnation, and delivery of antimicrobial peptides.

PubMed

Lim, Kaiyang; Saravanan, Rathi; Chong, Kelvin K L; Goh, Sharon H M; Chua, Ray R Y; Tambyah, Paul A; Chang, Matthew W; Kline, Kimberly A; Leong, Susanna S J

2018-04-17

Anhydrous polymers are actively explored as alternative materials to overcome limitations of conventional hydrogel-based antibacterial coating. However, the requirement for strong organic solvent in polymerization reactions often necessitates extra protection steps for encapsulation of target biomolecules, lowering encapsulation efficiency, and increasing process complexity. This study reports a novel coating strategy that allows direct solvation and encapsulation of antimicrobial peptides (HHC36) into anhydrous polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer-based dual layer coating. A thin 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) film is layered onto the peptide-impregnated PCL as a diffusion barrier, to modulate and enhance release kinetics. The impregnated peptides are eventually released in a controlled fashion. The use of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), as polymerization and solvation medium, induces the impregnated peptides to adopt highly stable turned conformation, conserving peptide integrity, and functionality during both encapsulation and subsequent release processes. The dual layer coating showed sustained antibacterial functionality, lasting for 14 days. In vivo assessment using an experimental mouse wounding model demonstrated good biocompatibility and significant antimicrobial efficacy of the coating under physiological conditions. The coating was translated onto silicone urinary catheters and showed promising antibacterial efficacy, even outperforming commercial silver-based Dover cather. This anhydrous polymer-based platform holds immense potential as an effective antibacterial coating to prevent clinical device-associated infections. The simplicity of the coating process enhances its industrial viability. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Oxygen Compatibility of Brass-Filled PTFE Compared to Commonly Used Fluorinated Polymers for Oxygen Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Herald, Stephen D.; Frisby, Paul M.; Davis, Samuel Eddie

2009-01-01

Safe and reliable seal materials for high-pressure oxygen systems sometimes appear to be extinct species when sought out by oxygen systems designers. Materials that seal well are easy to find, but these materials are typically incompatible with oxygen, especially in cryogenic liquid form. This incompatibility can result in seals that leak, or much worse, seals that easily ignite and burn during use. Materials that are compatible with oxygen are easy to find, such as the long list of compatible metals, but these metallic materials are limiting as seal materials. A material that seals well and is oxygen compatible has been the big game in the designer's safari. Scientists at the Materials Combustion Research Facility (MCRF), part of NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), are constantly searching for better materials and processes to improve the safety of oxygen systems. One focus of this effort is improving the characteristics of polymers used in the presence of an oxygen enriched environment. Very few systems can be built which contain no polymeric materials; therefore, materials which have good impact resistance, low heat of combustion, high auto-ignition temperature and that maintain good mechanical properties are essential. The scientists and engineers at the Materials Combustion Research Facility, in cooperation with seal suppliers, are currently testing a new formulation of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with Brass filler. This Brass-filled PTFE is showing great promise as a seal and seat material for high pressure oxygen systems. Early research has demonstrated very encouraging results, which could rank this material as one of the best fluorinated polymers ever tested. This paper will compare the data obtained for Brass-filled PTFE with other fluorinated polymers, such as TFE-Teflon (PTFE) , Kel-F 81, Viton A, Viton A-500, Fluorel , and Algoflon . A similar metal filled fluorinated polymer, Salox-M , was tested in comparison to Brass-filled PTFE to demonstrate the importance of the metal chosen and relative percentage of filler. General conclusions on the oxygen compatibility of this formulation are drawn, with an emphasis on comparing and contrasting the materials performance to the performance of the current state-of-the-art oxygen compatible polymers.

Oxide-dispersion-strengthened turbine blades, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Millan, P. P., Jr.; Mays, J. C.

1986-01-01

The objective of Project 4 was to develop a high-temperature, uncooled gas turbine blade using MA6000 alloy. The program objectives were achieved. Production scale up of the MA6000 alloy was achieved with a fair degree of tolerance to nonoptimum processing. The blade manufacturing process was also optimized. The mechanical, environmental, and physical property evaluations of MA6000 were conducted. The ultimate tensile strength, to about 704 C (130 F), is higher than DS MAR-M 247 but with a corresponding lower tensile elongation. Also, above 982 C (180 F) MA6000 tensile strength does not decrease as rapidly as MAR-M 247 because the ODS mechanism still remains active. Based on oxidation resistance and diffusional stability considerations, NiCrAlY coatings are recommended. CoCrAly coating should be applied on top of a thin NiCrAlY coating. Vibration tests, whirlpit tests, and a high-rotor-rig test were conducted to ensure successful completion of the engine test of the MA6000 TFE731 high pressure turbine blades. The results of these tests were acceptable. In production quantities, the cost of the Project 4 MA6000 blade is estimated to be about twice that of a cast DS MAR-M 247 blade.

The Hippo signal transduction pathway in soft tissue sarcomas.

PubMed

Mohamed, Abdalla D; Tremblay, Annie M; Murray, Graeme I; Wackerhage, Henning

2015-08-01

Sarcomas are rare cancers (≈1% of all solid tumours) usually of mesenchymal origin. Here, we review evidence implicating the Hippo pathway in soft tissue sarcomas. Several transgenic mouse models of Hippo pathway members (Nf2, Mob1, LATS1 and YAP1 mutants) develop various types of sarcoma. Despite that, Hippo member genes are rarely point mutated in human sarcomas. Instead, WWTR1-CAMTA1 and YAP1-TFE3 fusion genes are found in almost all cases of epithelioid haemangioendothelioma. Also copy number gains of YAP1 and other Hippo members occur at low frequencies but the most likely cause of perturbed Hippo signalling in sarcoma is the cross-talk with commonly mutated cancer genes such as KRAS, PIK3CA, CTNNB1 or FBXW7. Current Hippo pathway-targeting drugs include compounds that target the interaction between YAP and TEAD G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and the mevalonate pathway (e.g. statins). Given that many Hippo pathway-modulating drugs are already used in patients, this could lead to early clinical trials testing their efficacy in different types of sarcoma. Crown Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thermal barrier coating life-prediction model development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Strangman, T. E.; Neumann, J.

1985-01-01

Life predictions are made for two types of strain-tolerant and oxidation-resistant Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) systems produced by commercial coating suppliers to the gas turbine industry. The plasma-sprayed TBC system, composed of a low-pressure plasma spray (LPPS) applied oxidation-resistant NiCrAlY bond coating and an air-plasma-sprayed yttria (8 percent) partially stabilized zirconia insulative layer, is applied by both Chromalloy and Klock. The second type of TBC is applied by the electron-beam/physical vapor deposition process by Temescal. Thermomechanical and thermochemical testing of the program TBCs is in progress. A number of the former tests has been completed. Fracture mechanics data for the Chromalloy plasma-sprayed TBC system indicate that the cohesive toughness of the zirconia layer is increased by thermal cycling and reduced by high temperature exposure at 1150 C. Eddy current technology feasibility has been established with respect to nondestructively measuring zirconia layer thickness of a TBC system. High pressure turbine blades have been coated with program TBC systems for a piggyback test in a TFE731-5 turbofan factory engine test. Data from this test will be used to validate the TBC life models.

Oxide-dispersion-strengthened turbine blades. Volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Millan, P. P., Jr.; Mays, J. C.; Humbert, D. R.

1987-01-01

The overall objective of Project 4 was to develop and test a high-temperature, uncooled gas turbine blade using MA6000 alloy. Production scale up of the MA6000 alloy was achieved with a fair degree of tolerance to non-optimum processing. The blade manufacturing process was also optimized. The mechanical, environmental, and physical property evaluations of MA6000 were conducted. The ultimate tensile strength, to about 704 C (1300 F), is higher than DS MAR-M 247 but with a corresponding lower tensile elongation. Also, above 982 C (1800 F) MA6000 tensile strength does not decrease as rapidly as MAR-M 247 because the ODS mechanism still remains active. Based on oxidation resistance and diffusional stability considerations, NiCrAlY coatings are recommended. CoCrAlY coating should be applied on top of a thin NiCrAlY coating if hot corrosion is expected. Vibration, whirlpit, and high-rotor-rig tests were conducted to ensure successful completion of the engine test of the MA6000 TFE731 high pressure turbine blades. Test results were acceptable. In production quantities, the cost of the Project 4 MA6000 blade is estimated to be twice that of a cast DS MAR-M 247 blade.

Aggregation Pathways of Native-Like Ubiquitin Promoted by Single-Point Mutation, Metal Ion Concentration, and Dielectric Constant of the Medium.

PubMed

Fermani, Simona; Calvaresi, Matteo; Mangini, Vincenzo; Falini, Giuseppe; Bottoni, Andrea; Natile, Giovanni; Arnesano, Fabio

2018-03-15

Ubiquitin-positive protein aggregates are biomarkers of neurodegeneration, but the molecular mechanism responsible for their formation and accumulation is still unclear. Possible aggregation pathways of human ubiquitin (hUb) promoted by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, are here investigated. By a computational analysis, two different hUb dimers are indicated as possible precursors of amyloid-like structures, but their formation is disfavored by an electrostatic repulsion involving Glu16 and other carboxylate residues present at the dimer interface. Experimental data on the E16V mutant of hUb shows that this single-point mutation, although not affecting the overall protein conformation, promotes protein aggregation. It is sufficient to shift the same mutation by only two residues (E18V) to regain the behavior of wild-type hUb. The neutralization of Glu16 negative charge by a metal ion and a decrease of the dielectric constant of the medium by addition of trifluoroethanol (TFE), also promote hUb aggregation. The outcomes of this research have important implications for the prediction of physiological parameters that favor aggregate formation. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

[Determination of LF-VD refining furnace slag by X ray fluorescence spectrometry].

PubMed

Kan, Bin; Cheng, Jian-ping; Song, Zu-feng

2004-10-01

Eight components, i.e. TFe, CaO, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, MnO and P2O5 in refining furnace slag were determined by X ray fluorescence spectrometer. Because the content of CaO was high, the authors selected 12 national and departmental grade slag standard samples and prepared a series of synthetic standard samples by adding spectrally pure reagents to them. The calibration curve is suitable to the sample analysis of CaO, MgO and SiO2 with widely varying range. Meanwhile, the points on the curve are even. The samples were prepared at high temperature by adding Li2B4O7 as flux. The experiments for the selection of the sample preparation conditions about strip reagents, melting temperature and dulition ratio were carried out. The matrix effects on absorption and enhancement were corrected by means of PH model and theoretical alpha coefficient. Moreover, the precision and accuracy experiments were performed. In comparison with chemical analysis method, the quantitative analytical results for each component are satisfactory. The method has proven rapid, precise and simple.

Effects of truncation of the peptide chain on the secondary structure and bioactivities of palmitoylated anoplin.

PubMed

Salas, Remmer L; Garcia, Jan Kathryne D L; Miranda, Ana Carmela R; Rivera, Windell L; Nellas, Ricky B; Sabido, Portia Mahal G

2018-06-01

Anoplin (GLLKRIKTLL-NH 2 ) is of current interest due to its short sequence and specificity towards bacteria. Recent studies on anoplin have shown that truncation and acylation compromises its antimicrobial activity and specificity, respectively. In this study, truncated analogues (pal-ano-9 to pal-ano-5) of palmitoylated anoplin (pal-anoplin) were synthesized to determine the effects of C-truncation on its bioactivities. Moreover, secondary structure of each analogue using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was determined to correlate with bioactivities. Interestingly, pal-anoplin, pal-ano-9 and pal-ano-6 were helical in water, unlike anoplin. In contrast, pal-ano-8, pal-ano-7 and pal-ano-5, with polar amino acid residues at the C-terminus, were random coil in water. Nevertheless, all the peptides folded into helical structures in 30% trifluoroethanol/water (TFE/H 2 O) except for the shortest analogue pal-ano-5. Hydrophobicity played a significant role in the enhancement of activity against bacteria E. coli and S. aureus as all lipopeptides including the random coil pal-ano-5 were more active than the parent anoplin. Meanwhile, the greatest improvement in activity against the fungus C. albicans was observed for pal-anoplin analogues (pal-ano-9 and pal-ano-6) that were helical in water. Although, hydrophobicity is a major factor in the secondary structure and antimicrobial activity, it appears that the nature of amino acids at the C-terminus also influence folding of lipopeptides in water and its antifungal activity. Moreover, the hemolytic activity of the analogues was found to correlate with hydrophobicity, except for the least hemolytic, pal-ano-5. Since most of the analogues are more potent and shorter than anoplin, they are promising drug candidates for further development. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Enhancement of sediment phosphorus release during a tunnel construction across an urban lake (Lake Donghu, China).

PubMed

Wang, Siyang; Li, Hui; Xiao, Jian; Zhou, Yiyong; Song, Chunlei; Bi, Yonghong; Cao, Xiuyun

2016-09-01

Tunnel construction in watershed area of urban lakes would accelerate eutrophication by inputting nutrients into them, while mechanisms underlying the internal phosphorus cycling as affected by construction events are scarcely studied. Focusing on two main pathways of phosphorus releasing from sediment (enzymatic mineralization and anaerobic desorption), spatial and temporal variations in phosphorus fractionation, and activities of extracellular enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, β-1,4-glucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase, dehydrogenase, lipase) in sediment were examined, together with relevant parameters in interstitial and surface waters in a Chinese urban lake (Lake Donghu) where a subaqueous tunnel was constructed across it from October 2013 to July 2014. Higher alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) indicated phosphorus deficiency for phytoplankton, as illustrated by a significantly negative relationship between APA and concentration of dissolved total phosphorus (DTP). Noticeably, in the construction area, APAs in both sediment and surface water were significantly lower than those in other relevant basins, suggesting a phosphorus supply from some sources in this area. In parallel, its sediment gave the significantly lower iron-bound phosphorus (Fe(OOH)∼P) content, coupled with significantly higher ratio of iron (II) to total iron content (Fe(2+)/TFe) and dehydrogenase activities (DHA). Contrastingly, difference in the activities of sediment hydrolases was not significant between the construction area and other basins studied. Thus, in the construction area, subsidy of bioavailable phosphorus from sediment to surface water was attributable to the anaerobic desorption of Fe(OOH)∼P rather than enzymatic mineralization. Finally, there existed a significantly positive relationship between chlorophyll a concentration in surface water and Fe(OOH)∼P content in sediment. In short, construction activities within lakes may interrupt cycling patterns of phosphorus across sediment-water interface by enhancing release of redox-sensitive phosphate, and thereby facilitating phytoplankton growth in water column.

Technologies for Turbofan Noise Reduction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huff, Dennis

2005-01-01

An overview presentation of NASA's engine noise research since 1992 is given for subsonic commercial aircraft applications. Highlights are included from the Advanced Subsonic Technology (AST) Noise Reduction Program and the Quiet Aircraft Technology (QAT) project with emphasis on engine source noise reduction. Noise reduction goals for 10 EPNdB by 207 and 20 EPNdB by 2022 are reviewed. Fan and jet noise technologies are highlighted from the AST program including higher bypass ratio propulsion, scarf inlets, forward-swept fans, swept/leaned stators, chevron nozzles, noise prediction methods, and active noise control for fans. Source diagnostic tests for fans and jets that have been completed over the past few years are presented showing how new flow measurement methods such as Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) have played a key role in understanding turbulence, the noise generation process, and how to improve noise prediction methods. Tests focused on source decomposition have helped identify which engine components need further noise reduction. The role of Computational AeroAcoustics (CAA) for fan noise prediction is presented. Advanced noise reduction methods such as Hershel-Quincke tubes and trailing edge blowing for fan noise that are currently being pursued n the QAT program are also presented. Highlights are shown form engine validation and flight demonstrations that were done in the late 1990's with Pratt & Whitney on their PW4098 engine and Honeywell on their TFE-731-60 engine. Finally, future propulsion configurations currently being studied that show promise towards meeting NASA's long term goal of 20 dB noise reduction are shown including a Dual Fan Engine concept on a Blended Wing Body aircraft.

Towards cloning the WAS-gene locus: YAC-contigs and PFGE analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Meindi, A.; Schindelhauer, D.; Hellebrand, H.

1994-09-01

Patients with X-linked recessive Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) manifest eczema, thrombocytopenia and severe immunodeficiency. Mapping studies place the WAS gene locus between the markers TIMP and DXS255 which both have been shown to be recombinant with the disease locus. Linkage analysis in eight families including a large Swiss family showed tight linkage of the disease to the loci DXS255 and DXS1126 and exclusion of TIMP as well as polymorphic loci adjacent to the OATL1 pseudogene cluster (e.g., DXS6616). Physical mapping with established YAC contigs and a radiation hybrid encompassing the Xp11.22-11.3 region revealed the loci order TIMP-PFC-elk1-DXS1367-DXS6616-OATL1-(DXS11260DXS226)-C5-3-TGE-3, SYP and (DXS255-DXS146). Themore » markers TIMP and C5-3 are contained on the same 1.6 Mb MluI-fragment. A novel expressed sequence (R1) could be placed between elk-1 and the PFC gene while the STS C5-3 could be localized adjacent to DXS1126. The gene cluster around DXS1126 could be connected with the TFE-3 and synaptophysin genes which map on the same 400 kb MluI fragment and two overlapping YACs. The minimum distance between SYP and DXS255 is 1.2 Mb; the maximum distance is 2.2 Mb. Expressed sequences which are obtained from a cosmid contig around DXS1126 and C5-3 are being used for mutation screening in WAS patients.« less

[Xp11.2 translocation renal carcinoma in adults over 50 years of age: about four cases].

PubMed

Arnoux, V; Long, J-A; Fiard, G; Pasquier, D; Bensaadi, L; Terrier, N; Rambeaud, J-J; Descotes, J-L

2012-11-01

To describe demographic, therapeutic and follow-up data of four cases of renal cell carcinoma with Xp11.2 translocation in adults older than 50 years of age. Between January 2008 and December 2011, 170 patients underwent surgery for renal cell carcinoma in our center. Systematic histopathologic analysis of specimen removed was performed. Complementary immunohistochemical analysis was performed only in cases with uncertain diagnosis or in patients younger than 40 years of age. Among these 170 patients with a median age of 59years old (21-89), immunohistochemistry helped find a TFE3 translocation in four cases (2.4%). There were three women and one man of 53, 71, 75 and 86years old respectively. One patient was metastatic at diagnosis. Radical nephrectomy was first performed in all cases. TNM staging was T3aN2R0, T3bN0R0, T2N2R0 and T3aN2R2, with a Furhman grade of 4. Two patients progressed with metastasis 5 and 7months after surgery, and two with lymphatic invasion 2 and 9months after nephrectomy. One patient died during follow-up. Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma was uncommon after 50years of age in our series, but probably under estimated. It seemed to be associated with a poor prognosis. Larger studies must be performed to optimize its specific treatment. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Effect of sequence and stereochemistry reversal on p53 peptide mimicry.

PubMed

Atzori, Alessio; Baker, Audrey E; Chiu, Mark; Bryce, Richard A; Bonnet, Pascal

2013-01-01

Peptidomimetics effective in modulating protein-protein interactions and resistant to proteolysis have potential in therapeutic applications. An appealing yet underperforming peptidomimetic strategy is to employ D-amino acids and reversed sequences to mimic a lead peptide conformation, either separately or as the combined retro-inverso peptide. In this work, we examine the conformations of inverse, reverse and retro-inverso peptides of p53(15-29) using implicit solvent molecular dynamics simulation and circular dichroism spectroscopy. In order to obtain converged ensembles for the peptides, we find enhanced sampling is required via the replica exchange molecular dynamics method. From these replica exchange simulations, the D-peptide analogues of p53(15-29) result in a predominantly left-handed helical conformation. When the parent sequence is reversed sequence as either the L-peptide and D-peptide, these peptides display a greater helical propensity, feature reflected by NMR and CD studies in TFE/water solvent. The simulations also indicate that, while approximately similar orientations of the side-chains are possible by the peptide analogues, their ability to mimic the parent peptide is severely compromised by backbone orientation (for D-amino acids) and side-chain orientation (for reversed sequences). A retro-inverso peptide is disadvantaged as a mimic in both aspects, and further chemical modification is required to enable this concept to be used fruitfully in peptidomimetic design. The replica exchange molecular simulation approach adopted here, with its ability to provide detailed conformational insights into modified peptides, has potential as a tool to guide structure-based design of new improved peptidomimetics.

Ratio of ellipticities between 192 and 208 nm (R1 ): An effective electronic circular dichroism parameter for characterization of the helical components of proteins and peptides.

PubMed

Banerjee, Raja; Sheet, Tridip

2017-11-01

Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy represents an important tool for characterization of the peptide and protein secondary structures that mainly arise from the conformational disposition of the peptide backbone in solution. In 1991 Manning and Woody proposed that, in addition to the signal intensity, the ratio between [θ]nπ* and [θ]ππ*ǁ ((R 2 ) ≅ [θ] 222 /[θ] 208 ), along with [θ]ππ*⊥ and [θ]ππ*ǁ ((R 1 ) ≅ [θ] 192 /[θ] 208 ), may be utilized towards identifying the peptide/protein conformation (especially 3 10 - and α-helices). However, till date the use of the ratiometric ellipticity component for helical structure analysis of peptides and proteins has not been reported. We studied a series of temperature dependent CD spectra of a thermally stable, model helical peptide and its related analogs in water as a function of added 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) in order to explore their landscape of helicity. For the first time, we have experimentally shown here that the R 1 parameter can characterize better the individual helices, while the other parameter R 2 and the signal intensity do not always converge. We emphasize the use of the R 1 ratio of ellipticities for helical characterization because of the common origin of these two bands (exciton splitting of the amide π→ π* transition in a helical polypeptide). This approach may become worthwhile and timely with the increasing accessibility of CD synchrotron sources. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Reduced bleaching in organic nanofibers by bilayer polymer/oxide coating

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tavares, L.; Kjelstrup-Hansen, J.; Rubahn, H.-G.

2010-05-15

Para-hexaphenylene (p-6P) molecules exhibit a characteristic photoinduced reaction (bleaching) resulting in a decrease in luminescence intensity upon UV light exposure, which could render the technological use of the nanofibers problematic. In order to investigate the photoinduced reaction in nanofibers, optical bleaching experiments have been performed by irradiating both pristine and coated nanofibers with UV light. Oxide coating materials (SiO{sub x} and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) were applied onto p-6P nanofibers. These treatments caused a reduction in the bleaching reaction but in addition, the nanofiber luminescence spectrum was significantly altered. It was observed that some polymer coatings [a statistical copolymer of tetrafluoroethylenemore » and 2,2-bis-trifluoromethyl-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxole, P(TFE-PDD), and poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA] do not interfere with the luminescence spectrum from the p-6P but are not effective in stopping the bleaching. Bilayer coatings with first a polymer material, which should work as a protection layer to avoid modifications of the p-6P luminescence spectrum, and second an oxide layer used as oxygen blocker were tested and it was found that a particular bilayer polymer/oxide combination results in a significant reduction in bleaching without affecting significantly the emission spectrum from the nanofibers.« less

Investigation of significantly high barrier height in Cu/GaN Schottky diode

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Garg, Manjari, E-mail: meghagarg142@gmail.com; Kumar, Ashutosh; Singh, R.

2016-01-15

Current-voltage (I-V) measurements combined with analytical calculations have been used to explain mechanisms for forward-bias current flow in Copper (Cu) Schottky diodes fabricated on Gallium Nitride (GaN) epitaxial films. An ideality factor of 1.7 was found at room temperature (RT), which indicated deviation from thermionic emission (TE) mechanism for current flow in the Schottky diode. Instead the current transport was better explained using the thermionic field-emission (TFE) mechanism. A high barrier height of 1.19 eV was obtained at room temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate the plausible reason for observing Schottky barrier height (SBH) that is significantlymore » higher than as predicted by the Schottky-Mott model for Cu/GaN diodes. XPS measurements revealed the presence of an ultrathin cuprous oxide (Cu{sub 2}O) layer at the interface between Cu and GaN. With Cu{sub 2}O acting as a degenerate p-type semiconductor with high work function of 5.36 eV, a high barrier height of 1.19 eV is obtained for the Cu/Cu{sub 2}O/GaN Schottky diode. Moreover, the ideality factor and barrier height were found to be temperature dependent, implying spatial inhomogeneity of barrier height at the metal semiconductor interface.« less

Fan noise control using Herschel-Quincke resonators on a production turbofan engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burdisso, Ricardo A.; Gerhold, Carl H.

2002-05-01

The Herschel-Quincke (HQ) resonator concept is an innovative technique that consists of installing circumferential arrays of HQ waveguides around the inlet of a turbofan engine. An HQ waveguide is essentially a hollow side tube that travels along (but not necessarily parallel to) the engine axis and attaches to the inlet at each of the two ends of the tube. To investigate the potential of the concept, the approach was tested on a full-scale production Honeywell TFE731-60 engine. An HQ-inlet system containing two arrays was designed to attenuate the blade passage frequency (BPF) tone at approach condition, i.e., 60% engine power. However, the system was tested over the full range of engine power settings. The effects of each array both individually and together were evaluated as compared to the hard-wall case. Both far-field and induct data were recorded during the tests. The results show good attenuation of both the BPF tone and broadband components. Furthermore, reduction of ``buzz-saw'' tones, i.e., additional tones radiated from the inlet when the fan-tip speed goes supersonic, was observed with the HQ system. Some fan distortion effects and increase in noise was observed at higher engine speeds. [Work supported by NASA Langley Research Center.

The Fourier decomposition method for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis.

PubMed

Singh, Pushpendra; Joshi, Shiv Dutt; Patney, Rakesh Kumar; Saha, Kaushik

2017-03-01

for many decades, there has been a general perception in the literature that Fourier methods are not suitable for the analysis of nonlinear and non-stationary data. In this paper, we propose a novel and adaptive Fourier decomposition method (FDM), based on the Fourier theory, and demonstrate its efficacy for the analysis of nonlinear and non-stationary time series. The proposed FDM decomposes any data into a small number of 'Fourier intrinsic band functions' (FIBFs). The FDM presents a generalized Fourier expansion with variable amplitudes and variable frequencies of a time series by the Fourier method itself. We propose an idea of zero-phase filter bank-based multivariate FDM (MFDM), for the analysis of multivariate nonlinear and non-stationary time series, using the FDM. We also present an algorithm to obtain cut-off frequencies for MFDM. The proposed MFDM generates a finite number of band-limited multivariate FIBFs (MFIBFs). The MFDM preserves some intrinsic physical properties of the multivariate data, such as scale alignment, trend and instantaneous frequency. The proposed methods provide a time-frequency-energy (TFE) distribution that reveals the intrinsic structure of a data. Numerical computations and simulations have been carried out and comparison is made with the empirical mode decomposition algorithms.

The Fourier decomposition method for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis

PubMed Central

Joshi, Shiv Dutt; Patney, Rakesh Kumar; Saha, Kaushik

2017-01-01

for many decades, there has been a general perception in the literature that Fourier methods are not suitable for the analysis of nonlinear and non-stationary data. In this paper, we propose a novel and adaptive Fourier decomposition method (FDM), based on the Fourier theory, and demonstrate its efficacy for the analysis of nonlinear and non-stationary time series. The proposed FDM decomposes any data into a small number of ‘Fourier intrinsic band functions’ (FIBFs). The FDM presents a generalized Fourier expansion with variable amplitudes and variable frequencies of a time series by the Fourier method itself. We propose an idea of zero-phase filter bank-based multivariate FDM (MFDM), for the analysis of multivariate nonlinear and non-stationary time series, using the FDM. We also present an algorithm to obtain cut-off frequencies for MFDM. The proposed MFDM generates a finite number of band-limited multivariate FIBFs (MFIBFs). The MFDM preserves some intrinsic physical properties of the multivariate data, such as scale alignment, trend and instantaneous frequency. The proposed methods provide a time–frequency–energy (TFE) distribution that reveals the intrinsic structure of a data. Numerical computations and simulations have been carried out and comparison is made with the empirical mode decomposition algorithms. PMID:28413352

Rapidly progressing renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations: a case report

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Introduction Renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations is frequently reported in children, but adult-onset is rare. Here, the case of an adult male who developed a renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations is presented. Case presentation A 38-year-old Asian man presented with left back pain and macroscopic hematuria. Computed tomography revealed a left renal tumor (T3N2M0), and a left radical nephrectomy was performed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed papillary architecture and clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm, and the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusion was made by the immunohistochemical determination of transcription factor E3 protein. In spite of adjuvant therapy with α-interferon, a recurrent tumor was found in his left lung by computed tomography three months after the nephrectomy. Interleukin-2, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors showed no effect on tumor progression. Conclusions Renal cell carcinomas associated with Xp11.2 translocations have an aggressive clinical course in adults. Strict diagnosis using the immunohistochemistry of transcription factor E3 protein is important to predict the prognosis of such patients and new strategies need to be determined to treat patients with these tumors PMID:22738297

Rapidly progressing renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations: a case report.

PubMed

Morii, Akihiro; Fujiuchi, Yasuyoshi; Nomoto, Kazuhiro; Komiya, Akira; Fuse, Hideki

2012-06-27

Renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations is frequently reported in children, but adult-onset is rare. Here, the case of an adult male who developed a renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations is presented. A 38-year-old Asian man presented with left back pain and macroscopic hematuria. Computed tomography revealed a left renal tumor (T3N2M0), and a left radical nephrectomy was performed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed papillary architecture and clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm, and the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusion was made by the immunohistochemical determination of transcription factor E3 protein. In spite of adjuvant therapy with α-interferon, a recurrent tumor was found in his left lung by computed tomography three months after the nephrectomy. Interleukin-2, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors showed no effect on tumor progression. Renal cell carcinomas associated with Xp11.2 translocations have an aggressive clinical course in adults. Strict diagnosis using the immunohistochemistry of transcription factor E3 protein is important to predict the prognosis of such patients and new strategies need to be determined to treat patients with these tumors.

Oxide-dispersion-strengthened turbine blades, volume 1. [MA6000 alloy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Millan, P.P. Jr.; Mays, J.C.

1986-10-01

The objective of Project 4 was to develop a high-temperature, uncooled gas turbine blade using MA6000 alloy. The program objectives were achieved. Production scale up of the MA6000 alloy was achieved with a fair degree of tolerance to nonoptimum processing. The blade manufacturing process was also optimized. The mechanical, environmental, and physical property evaluations of MA6000 were conducted. The ultimate tensile strength, to about 704 C (130 F), is higher than DS MAR-M 247 but with a corresponding lower tensile elongation. Also, above 982 C (180 F) MA6000 tensile strength does not decrease as rapidly as MAR-M 247 because themore » ODS mechanism still remains active. Based on oxidation resistance and diffusional stability considerations, NiCrAlY coatings are recommended. CoCrAly coating should be applied on top of a thin NiCrAlY coating. Vibration tests, whirlpit tests, and a high-rotor-rig test were conducted to ensure successful completion of the engine test of the MA6000 TFE731 high pressure turbine blades. The results of these tests were acceptable. In production quantities, the cost of the Project 4 MA6000 blade is estimated to be about twice that of a cast DS MAR-M 247 blade.« less

The TEF modeling and analysis approach to advance thermionic space power technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marshall, Albert C.

1997-01-01

Thermionics space power systems have been proposed as advanced power sources for future space missions that require electrical power levels significantly above the capabilities of current space power systems. The Defense Special Weapons Agency's (DSWA) Thermionic Evaluation Facility (TEF) is carrying out both experimental and analytical research to advance thermionic space power technology to meet this expected need. A Modeling and Analysis (M&A) project has been created at the TEF to develop analysis tools, evaluate concepts, and guide research. M&A activities are closely linked to the TEF experimental program, providing experiment support and using experimental data to validate models. A planning exercise has been completed for the M&A project, and a strategy for implementation was developed. All M&A activities will build on a framework provided by a system performance model for a baseline Thermionic Fuel Element (TFE) concept. The system model is composed of sub-models for each of the system components and sub-systems. Additional thermionic component options and model improvements will continue to be incorporated in the basic system model during the course of the program. All tasks are organized into four focus areas: 1) system models, 2) thermionic research, 3) alternative concepts, and 4) documentation and integration. The M&A project will provide a solid framework for future thermionic system development.

Combined Effect of Ultrasound Stimulations and Autoclaving on the Enhancement of Antibacterial Activity of ZnO and SiO₂/ZnO Nanoparticles.

PubMed

Rokbani, Hajer; Daigle, France; Ajji, Abdellah

2018-02-25

This study investigates the antibacterial activity (ABA) of suspensions of pure ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and mesoporous silica doped with ZnO (ZnO-UVM7), as well as electrospun nanofibers containing those nanoparticles. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of these two materials were also determined under the same conditions. The results showed a concentration-dependent effect of antibacterial nanoparticles on the viability of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ). Moreover, the combination of the stimulations and sterilization considerably enhanced the antimicrobial activity (AMA) of the ZnO suspensions. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) solutions in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) were mixed with different contents of nanoparticles and spun into nonwoven mats by the electrospinning process. The morphology of the mats was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The amount of nanoparticles contained in the mats was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The obtained PLA-based mats showed a fibrous morphology, with an average diameter ranging from 350 to 450 nm, a porosity above 85%, but with the nanoparticles agglomeration on their surface. TGA analysis showed that the loss of ZnO-NPs increased with the increase of ZnO-NPs content in the PLA solutions and reached 79% for 1 wt % of ZnO-NPs, which was mainly due to the aggregation of nanoparticles in solution. The ABA of the obtained PLA mats was evaluated by the dynamic method according to the ASTM standard E2149. The results showed that, above an optimal concentration, the nanoparticle agglomeration reduced the antimicrobial efficiency of PLA mats. These mats have potential features for use as antimicrobial food packaging material.

Combined Effect of Ultrasound Stimulations and Autoclaving on the Enhancement of Antibacterial Activity of ZnO and SiO2/ZnO Nanoparticles

PubMed Central

Rokbani, Hajer; Ajji, Abdellah

2018-01-01

This study investigates the antibacterial activity (ABA) of suspensions of pure ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and mesoporous silica doped with ZnO (ZnO-UVM7), as well as electrospun nanofibers containing those nanoparticles. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of these two materials were also determined under the same conditions. The results showed a concentration-dependent effect of antibacterial nanoparticles on the viability of Escherichia coli (E. coli). Moreover, the combination of the stimulations and sterilization considerably enhanced the antimicrobial activity (AMA) of the ZnO suspensions. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) solutions in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) were mixed with different contents of nanoparticles and spun into nonwoven mats by the electrospinning process. The morphology of the mats was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The amount of nanoparticles contained in the mats was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The obtained PLA-based mats showed a fibrous morphology, with an average diameter ranging from 350 to 450 nm, a porosity above 85%, but with the nanoparticles agglomeration on their surface. TGA analysis showed that the loss of ZnO-NPs increased with the increase of ZnO-NPs content in the PLA solutions and reached 79% for 1 wt % of ZnO-NPs, which was mainly due to the aggregation of nanoparticles in solution. The ABA of the obtained PLA mats was evaluated by the dynamic method according to the ASTM standard E2149. The results showed that, above an optimal concentration, the nanoparticle agglomeration reduced the antimicrobial efficiency of PLA mats. These mats have potential features for use as antimicrobial food packaging material. PMID:29495334

'Boomerang'-like insertion of a fusogenic peptide in a lipid membrane revealed by solid-state 19F NMR.

PubMed

Afonin, Sergii; Dürr, Ulrich H N; Glaser, Ralf W; Ulrich, Anne S

2004-02-01

Solid state (19)F NMR revealed the conformation and alignment of the fusogenic peptide sequence B18 from the sea urchin fertilization protein bindin embedded in flat phospholipid bilayers. Single (19)F labels were introduced into nine distinct positions along the wild-type sequence by substituting each hydrophobic amino acid, one by one, with L-4-fluorophenylglycine. Their anisotropic chemical shifts were measured in uniaxially oriented membrane samples and used as orientational constraints to model the peptide structure in the membrane-bound state. Previous (1)H NMR studies of B18 in 30% TFE and in detergent micelles had shown that the peptide structure consists of two alpha-helical segments that are connected by a flexible hinge. This helix-break-helix motif was confirmed here by the solid-state (19)F NMR data, while no other secondary structure (beta-sheet, 3(10)-helix) was compatible with the set of orientational constraints. For both alpha-helical segments we found that the helical conformation extends all the way to the respective N- and C-termini of the peptide. Analysis of the corresponding tilt and azimuthal rotation angles showed that the N-terminal helix of B18 is immersed obliquely into the bilayer (at a tilt angle tau approximately 54 degrees), whereas the C-terminus is peripherally aligned (tau approximately 91 degrees). The azimuthal orientation of the two segments is consistent with the amphiphilic distribution of side-chains. The observed 'boomerang'-like mode of insertion into the membrane may thus explain how peptide binding leads to lipid dehydration and acyl chain perturbation as a prerequisite for bilayer fusion to occur. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Penetration experiments in aluminum and Teflon targets of widely variable thickness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoerz, F.; Cintala, Mark J.; Bernhard, R. P.; See, T. H.

1994-01-01

The morphologies and detailed dimensions of hypervelocity craters and penetration holes on space-exposed surfaces faithfully reflect the initial impact conditions. However, current understanding of this postmortem evidence and its relation to such first-order parameters as impact velocity or projectile size and mass is incomplete. While considerable progress is being made in the numerical simulation of impact events, continued impact simulations in the laboratory are needed to obtain empirical constraints and insights. This contribution summarizes such experiments with Al and Teflon targets that were carried out in order to provide a better understanding of the crater and penetration holes reported from the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) and the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) satellites. A 5-mm light gas gun was used to fire spherical soda-lime glass projectiles from 50 to 3175 microns in diameter (D(sub P)), at a nominal 6 km/s, into Al (1100 series; annealed) and Teflon (Teflon(sup TFE)) targets. Targets ranged in thickness (T) from infinite halfspace targets (T approx. equals cm) to ultrathin foils (T approx. equals micron), yielding up to 3 degrees of magnitude variation in absolute and relative (D(sub P)/T) target thickness. This experimental matrix simulates the wide range in D(sub P)/T experienced by a space-exposed membrane of constant T that is being impacted by projectiles of widely varying sizes.

A comparison between gadofosveset trisodium and gadobenate dimeglumine for steady state MRA of the thoracic vasculature.

PubMed

Camren, G Paul; Wilson, Gregory J; Bamra, Vikram R; Nguyen, Khahn Q; Hippe, Daniel S; Maki, Jeffrey H

2014-01-01

Retrospective comparison between gadofosveset trisodium and gadobenate dimeglumine steady state magnetic resonance angiography (SS-MRA) of the thoracic vasculature at 1.5T using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and vessel edge sharpness (ES) as markers of image quality. IRB approval was obtained. Twenty separate patients each underwent SS-MRA using high-resolution 3D ECG-triggered coronal IR-TFE at 1.5T approximately 3-4 minutes following 10 or 15 mL gadofosveset or 20 mL gadobenate. ROIs were placed in the right atrium, left ventricle, left atrium, ascending aorta, descending aorta, and right pulmonary artery to estimate SNR. Vessel ES was estimated as 20-80% rise distances from line intensity profiles in the left pulmonary vein, ascending aorta, and descending aorta. Data were analyzed using nonpaired Student's t-test (threshold for significance set at P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in mean SNR for the gadofosveset or gadobenate groups (P values: 0.14 to 0.85). There was no significant difference in mean vessel ES for gadofosveset and gadobenate groups (P values: 0.17 to 0.78). High quality thoracic SS-MRA can be achieved with gadobenate dimeglumine, similar to that achieved with the blood pool agent gadofosveset trisodium provided that imaging is initiated quickly (3-4 min) after contrast injection.

A Comparison between Gadofosveset Trisodium and Gadobenate Dimeglumine for Steady State MRA of the Thoracic Vasculature

PubMed Central

Camren, G. Paul; Wilson, Gregory J.; Bamra, Vikram R.; Nguyen, Khahn Q.; Hippe, Daniel S.; Maki, Jeffrey H.

2014-01-01

Purpose. Retrospective comparison between gadofosveset trisodium and gadobenate dimeglumine steady state magnetic resonance angiography (SS-MRA) of the thoracic vasculature at 1.5T using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and vessel edge sharpness (ES) as markers of image quality. Materials and Methods. IRB approval was obtained. Twenty separate patients each underwent SS-MRA using high-resolution 3D ECG-triggered coronal IR-TFE at 1.5T approximately 3-4 minutes following 10 or 15 mL gadofosveset or 20 mL gadobenate. ROIs were placed in the right atrium, left ventricle, left atrium, ascending aorta, descending aorta, and right pulmonary artery to estimate SNR. Vessel ES was estimated as 20–80% rise distances from line intensity profiles in the left pulmonary vein, ascending aorta, and descending aorta. Data were analyzed using nonpaired Student's t-test (threshold for significance set at P < 0.05). Results. There was no significant difference in mean SNR for the gadofosveset or gadobenate groups (P values: 0.14 to 0.85). There was no significant difference in mean vessel ES for gadofosveset and gadobenate groups (P values: 0.17 to 0.78). Conclusion. High quality thoracic SS-MRA can be achieved with gadobenate dimeglumine, similar to that achieved with the blood pool agent gadofosveset trisodium provided that imaging is initiated quickly (3-4 min) after contrast injection. PMID:25061611

Metastatic Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma of the Spinal Cord: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

PubMed

Randazzo, Michael J; Thawani, Jayesh P; Manur, Rashmi; Brooks, John S; Ozturk, Ali K

2017-07-01

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare, malignant soft-tissue neoplasm typically seen in young adults that possesses an unusual tendency to metastasize. Metastases to the intramedullary compartment of the spinal cord, however, are exceptionally rare and have not been described in the literature. We report the case of a 23-year-old woman with disseminated ASPS to the lung and brain who presented with progressive lower-extremity weakness and loss of sensation after radiation and chemotherapy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 1.3-cm avidly enhancing lesion within the central thoracic spinal cord at T3. A T2-T4 laminectomy was undertaken and resulted in a gross total resection. Histopathologically, the mass was composed of organoid nests containing epithelioid cells with eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm separated by sinusoidal spaces. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated convincing positive TFE3 staining. Postoperative imaging confirmed the complete resection of the mass, and her examination was notable for intact sensation and impaired motor function that gradually improved. A review of the literature found that the reported case represents the first instance of primary or metastatic ASPS in the spinal cord. Metastatic ASPS should thus be included in the differential diagnosis in patients with known disease and neurologic impairment or back pain. Imaging of the spine should then be considered. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Biological characteristics of pediatric renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions.

PubMed

Song, Hong Cheng; Sun, Ning; Zhang, Wei Ping; He, LeJian; Fu, Libing; Huang, ChengRu

2014-04-01

To investigate the clinical features of pediatric Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A retrospective review of 22 cases over 35 years. Xp11.2 translocation RCCs were identified in 13 boys and 9 girls with a median age of 10.5 years (range: 2.5-16 years). RCC presented with hematuria in 17, abdominal mass in 1, abdominal masses with hematuria in 2, abdominal pain with hematuria in 1, and as an incidental finding in 1 patient. Ten patients were classified stage I, 10 were stage III, and two were stage IV. Of the 10 patients with stage I RCCs, 3 patients with tumor measuring less than 7 cm had nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) and 17 patients underwent simple nephrectomy. A 15-cm tumor was incompletely removed in one patient and another patient with a 25-cm × 18-cm × 15-cm tumor had gross residual. Of the 15 patients followed up between 6 months and 35 years, 13 were still living and 2 had died after surgery. Xp11.2 translocation RCC is the predominant form of pediatric RCC, associated with advanced stage at presentation. Nephrectomy is the usual treatment for RCC but NSS is an option for patients with tumors measuring<7 cm. Patients with N+M0 maintained a favorable prognosis following surgery alone. © 2014.

Active Hydrogenation Catalyst with a Structured, Peptide-Based Outer-Coordination Sphere

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jain, Avijita; Buchko, Garry W.; Reback, Matthew L.

2012-10-05

The synthesis, catalytic activity, and structural features of a rhodium-based hydrogenation catalyst containing a phosphine ligand coupled to a 14-residue peptide are reported. Both CD and NMR spectroscopy show that the peptide adopts a helical structure in 1:1:1 TFE/MeCN/H2O that is maintained when the peptide is attached to the ligand and when the ligand is attached to the metal complex. The metal complex hydrogenates aqueous solutions of 3-butenol to 1-butanol at 360 ± 50 turnovers/Rh/h at 294 K. This peptide- based catalyst represents a starting point for developing and characterizing a peptide-based outer-coordination sphere that can be used to introducemore » enzyme-like features into molecular catalysts. This work was funded by the US DOE Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geoscience and Biosciences Division (AJ, JCL and WJS), the Office of Science Early Career Research Program through the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (GWB, MLR and WJS). Part of the research was conducted at the W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Biolog-ical and Environmental Research (BER) program located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy.« less

EC-QCL mid-IR transmission spectroscopy for monitoring dynamic changes of protein secondary structure in aqueous solution on the example of β-aggregation in alcohol-denaturated α-chymotrypsin.

PubMed

Alcaráz, Mirta R; Schwaighofer, Andreas; Goicoechea, Héctor; Lendl, Bernhard

2016-06-01

In this work, a novel EC-QCL-based setup for mid-IR transmission measurements in the amide I region is introduced for monitoring dynamic changes in secondary structure of proteins. For this purpose, α-chymotrypsin (aCT) acts as a model protein, which gradually forms intermolecular β-sheet aggregates after adopting a non-native α-helical structure induced by exposure to 50 % TFE. In order to showcase the versatility of the presented setup, the effects of varying pH values and protein concentration on the rate of β-aggregation were studied. The influence of the pH value on the initial reaction rate was studied in the range of pH 5.8-8.2. Results indicate an increased aggregation rate at elevated pH values. Furthermore, the widely accessible concentration range of the laser-based IR transmission setup was utilized to investigate β-aggregation across a concentration range of 5-60 mg mL(-1). For concentrations lower than 20 mg mL(-1), the aggregation rate appears to be independent of concentration. At higher values, the reaction rate increases linearly with protein concentration. Extended MCR-ALS was employed to obtain pure spectral and concentration profiles of the temporal transition between α-helices and intermolecular β-sheets. Comparison of the global solutions obtained by the modelled data with results acquired by the laser-based IR transmission setup at different conditions shows excellent agreement. This demonstrates the potential and versatility of the EC-QCL-based IR transmission setup to monitor dynamic changes of protein secondary structure in aqueous solution at varying conditions and across a wide concentration range. Graphical abstract EC-QCL IR spectroscopy for monitoring protein conformation change.

Cardiac profile of asymptomatic children with Becker and Duchenne muscular dystrophy under treatment with steroids and with/without perindopril.

PubMed

Mavrogeni, Sophie; Giannakopoulou, Aikaterini; Papavasiliou, Antigoni; Markousis-Mavrogenis, George; Pons, Roser; Karanasios, Evangelos; Noutsias, Michel; Kolovou, Genovefa; Papadopoulos, George

2017-07-24

To evaluate cardiovascular function in boys with Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophy, using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). This is a single point cross sectional study of twenty-four boys with genetically ascertained DMD, and 10 with BMD, aged 10.5 ± 1.5 years (range 9-13), were prospectively evaluated by a 1.5 T system and compared with those of age-sex matched controls. The DMD patients were divided in 2 groups. Group A (N = 12) were under treatment with both deflazacort and perindopril, while Group B (n = 12) were under treatment with deflazacort, only. BMD patients did not take any medication. Biventricular function was assessed using a standard SSFP sequence. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was assessed from T1 images taken 15 min after injection of 0.2 mg/Kg gadolinium DTPA using a 3D-T1-TFE sequence. Group A and BMDs were asymptomatic with normal ECG, 24 h ECG recording and echocardiogram. Group B were asymptomatic but 6/12 had abnormal ECG and mildly impaired LVEF. Their 24 h ECG recording revealed supraventricular and ventricular extrasystoles (all at 12-13 yrs). LV indices in Group A and BMD did not differ from those of controls. However, LV indices in Group B were significantly impaired compared with controls, Group A and BMDs (p < 0.001). An epicardial LGE area = 3 ± 0.5% of LV mass was identified in the posterolateral wall of LV only in 6/12 patients of Group B, but in not in any BMD or Group A. Children with either BMD or DMD under treatment with both deflazacort and perindopril present preserved LV function and lack of LGE. However, further large scale multicenter studies are warranted to confirm these data, including further CMR mapping approaches.

Non-Riemannian geometry, Born-Infeld models and trace free gravitational equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cirilo-Lombardo, Diego Julio

2017-12-01

Non-Riemannian generalization of the standard Born-Infeld (BI) Lagrangian is introduced and analyzed from a theory of gravitation with dynamical torsion field. The field equations derived from the proposed action lead to a trace free gravitational equation (non-Riemannian analog to the trace free equation (TFE) from Finkelstein et al., 2001; Ellis et al., 2011; Ellis, 2014) and the field equations for the torsion respectively. In this theoretical context, the fundamental constants arise all from the same geometry through geometrical invariant quantities (as from the curvature R). New results involving generation of primordial magnetic fields and the link with leptogenesis and baryogenesis are presented and possible explanations given. The physically admissible matter fields can be introduced in the model via the torsion vector hμ. Such fields include some dark matter candidates such as axion, right neutrinos and Majorana and moreover, physical observables as vorticity can be included in the same way. From a new wormhole solution in a cosmological spacetime with torsion we also show that the primordial cosmic magnetic fields can originate from hμ with the axion field (that is contained in hμ) the responsible to control the dynamics and stability of the cosmic magnetic field but not the magnetogenesis itself. As we pointed out before (Cirilo-Lombardo, 2017), the analysis of Grand Unified Theories (GUT) in the context of this model indicates that the group manifold candidates are based in SO (10), SU (5) or some exceptional groups as E (6), E (7) , etc.

Deceptively bland cutaneous angiosarcoma on the nose mimicking hemangioma-A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis.

PubMed

Mitteldorf, Christina; Llamas-Velasco, Mar; Schulze, Hans-Joachim; Thoms, Kai-Martin; Mentzel, Thomas; Tronnier, Michael; Kutzner, Heinz

2018-05-15

We investigated 2 cases of deceptively bland cutaneous angiosarcoma (AS), which showed a uniform clinical presentation with a rapidly growing tumor on the nose. It remains unclear whether this was a primary cutaneous manifestation or a metastasis. Both tumors initially presented a high histologic overlap with a benign vascular tumor. The diagnosis was primarily based on the rapidly progressing clinical course and on the results of the staging procedures. Immunohistochemical stains were performed for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3 and MNF116), CD31, ERG, CD34 (HPCA1/my10), D2-40/podoplanin, LYVE-1, Ki67, PHH3, αSMA (1A4), MYC, FOS-B, CAMTA-1, TFE-3, WT1, nestin, VEGFR-2(KDR), VEGFR-3(FLT4), HHV8. MYC amplification was also investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The tumor cells were negative for MYC and revealed no D2-40/podoplanin expression. SMA-positive pericytes formed rims around the vessel. The proliferative activity (Ki-67) was elevated, in one case only in a later stage. Cutaneous ASs can be rather bland and may easily be mistaken for benign vascular tumors. Both cases presented a uniform clinical picture, which implied a malignant vascular tumor. In contrast, the cytomorphology of the endothelial cells and the immunohistochemical profile were not suspicious. We worked out subtle histological criteria, which should allow an early detection of such tumors. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Fluoropolymer Films Deposited by Argon Ion-Beam Sputtering of Polytetrafluoroethylene

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Golub, Morton A.; Banks, Bruce A.; Kliss, Mark (Technical Monitor)

1998-01-01

The FT-IR, XPS and UV spectra of fluoropolymer films (SPTFE-I) deposited by argon ion-beam sputtering of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were obtained and compared with prior corresponding spectra of fluoropolymer films (SPTFE-P) deposited by argon rf plasma sputtering of PTFE. Although the F/C ratios for SPTFE-I and -P (1.63 and 1.51) were similar, their structures were quite different in that there was a much higher concentration of CF2 groups in SPTFE-I than in SPTFE-P, ca. 61 and 33% of the total carbon contents, respectively. The FT-IR spectra reflect that difference, that for SPTFE-I showing a distinct doublet at 1210 and 1150 per centimeter while that for SPTFE-P presents a broad, featureless band at ca. 1250 per centimeter. The absorbance of the 1210-per centimeter band in SPTFE-I was proportional to the thickness of the film, in the range of 50-400 nanometers. The SPTFE-I was more transparent in the UV than SPTFE-P at comparable thickness. The mechanism for SPTFE-I formation likely involves "chopping off" of oligomeric segments of PTFE as an accompaniment to "plasma" polymerization of TFE monomer or other fluorocarbon fragments generated in situ from PTFE on impact with energetic Ar ions. Data are presented for SPTFE-I deposits and the associated Ar(+) bombarded PTFE targets where a fresh target was used for each run or a single target was used for a sequence of runs.

Mineral inclusions and SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from the Alamas nephrite and granodiorite: Implications for the genesis of a magnesian skarn deposit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yan; Zhang, Rongqing; Zhang, Zhiyu; Shi, Guanghai; Zhang, Qichao; Abuduwayiti, Maituohuti; Liu, Jianhui

2015-01-01

Extending approximately 1300 km and located in the Western Kunlun Mountains, the Hetian nephrite belt is the largest nephrite belt in the world and contains approximately 11 major deposits and more than 20 orebodies including the Alamas deposit. Hetian nephrite deposits can be classified as Mg-skarn deposits with Precambrian dolomitic marble host rock and green, green-white and white nephrite zones are distributed gradually in the zone of a granodiorite pluton. The green nephrite is mainly predominately composed of tremolite with generally minor to trace constituents of diopside, grossularitic garnet, actinolite and other minerals. Also green nephrite has higher content of TFe2O3, than green-white and white nephrites have. We subdivided the zircons from the green nephrites into four types, depending on their internal textures, mineral inclusions, and SHRIMP U-Pb ages. Type I zircons are round instead of idiomorphic in shape and lack obvious zoning. Type II and IV zircons have broad, clear oscillatory zoning and are hypidiomorphic or idiomorphic in shape; they contain inclusions of diopside, tremolite, chlorite and calcite. Most Type III zircons are narrow rims (< 10 μm) surrounding Type II and Type I zircons with highly luminous brightness and no zoning. Both Type I and Type II zircons have individual ages of 411 to 445 Ma and Type IV zircons have younger ages (388 to 406 Ma). Among the concordant ages, 425.7 ± 5.8 Ma and 420.0 ± 9.9 Ma for the QYZr1 and QYZr2 are consistent within error, with the 418.5 ± 2.8 Ma of the Alamas granodiorite formation age and the maximum age of the Alamas nephrite deposit. The partially recrystallization of zircons during skarn formation possibly lead to some younger individual ages (406.5 to 308 Ma). In the Western Kunlun Mountain, both Buya granite and Alamas grandiorite are high Ba-Sr granites and crystallized in Western Kunlun Orogen. The Buya granite formed at about 430 Ma in a post-orogenic tectonic environment. Considering Alamas granodiorite formed at about 12 Ma younger than that of Buya granite and it is convincible that Alamas granodiorite also formed at a post-orogenic tectonic environment. Together with the evolution of Western Kunlun Mountain, it is also possible that high Ba-Sr Alamas granodiorite and the nephrite deposit formed in the post-orogenic stage. Most zircons in the Alamas granodiorite and green nephrite have high Th/U ratios (> 0.1), similar REE and trace element patterns, a Ce anomaly (Ce/Ce* > 5), and ΣREE contents of 454 to 922 ppm and 102 to 3182 ppm with averages of 627 ppm and 855 ppm, respectively. The similar geochemical signatures, morphologies, and ages indicate that most zircons (or fragments of zircon) in the nephrite came from the granodiorite and some experience partially recrystallized during skarnization. This is consistent with the field observation that original granodiorite-dolomitic marble boundary is now represented within a nephrite sequence, with the green nephrite close to the granodiorite and the white/white-green nephrites adjoining the dolomitic marble. Typical skarn deposits experience prograde and retrograde metasomatism stages. According to the field observations and petrographic studies, both prograde metasomatism and the early retrograde altered stages are two main stages for the formation of Alamas nephrite deposits. The replacements of coarse-grained tremolite by fine-grained tremolite (nephrite) lead to the formation of nephrite. Based on petrographic studies, the main formation processes of the nephrite are 1) diopside ← dolomite; 2) tremolite (nephrite) ← diopside; and 3) chlorite ← tremolite (nephrite). Thus, the timing of the formation of nephrite is later than that of Mg-skarn.

Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography characteristics of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion.

PubMed

Wang, Wei; Ding, Jianhui; Li, Yuan; Wang, Chaofu; Zhou, Liangping; Zhu, Hui; Peng, Weijun

2014-01-01

To characterize Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). This study retrospectively collected the MRI and CT data of twelve patients with Xp11.2 translocation RCC confirmed by pathology. Nine cases underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and 6 cases underwent CT, of which 3 cases underwent MRI and CT simultaneously. The MRI and CT findings were analyzed in regard to tumor position, size, hemorrhagic, cystic or necrotic components, calcification, tumor density, signal intensity and enhancement features. The age of the 12 patients ranged from 13 to 46 years (mean age: 23 years). T2WI revealed heterogeneous intensity, hyper-intensity, and slight hypo-intensity in 6 cases, 2 cases, and 1 case, respectively. On DCE-MR images, mild, moderate, and marked rim enhancement of the tumor in the corticomedullary phase (CMP) were observed in 1, 6, and 2 cases, respectively. The tumor parenchyma showed iso-attenuation (n = 4) or slight hyper-attenuation (n = 1) compared to the normal renal cortex on non-contrast CT images. Imaging findings were suggestive of hemorrhage (n = 4) or necrosis (n = 8) in the tumors, and there was evidence of calcification in 8 cases by CT (n = 3) and pathology (n = 8). On dynamic contrast-enhanced CT images, 3 cases and 1 case manifested moderate and strong CMP enhancement, respectively. Nine tumors by MRI and 4 tumors by CT showed prolonged enhancement. Three neoplasms presented at stage I, 2 at stage II, 3 at stage III, and 4 at stage IV according the 2010 AJCC staging criteria. XP11.2 translocation RCC should be considered when a child or young adult patient presents with a renal tumor with heterogeneous features such as hemorrhage, necrosis, cystic changes, and calcification on CT and MRI and/or is accompanied by metastatic evidence.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Characteristics of Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Xp11.2 Translocation/TFE3 Gene Fusion

PubMed Central

Li, Yuan; Wang, Chaofu; Zhou, Liangping; Zhu, Hui; Peng, Weijun

2014-01-01

Purpose To characterize Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Methods This study retrospectively collected the MRI and CT data of twelve patients with Xp11.2 translocation RCC confirmed by pathology. Nine cases underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and 6 cases underwent CT, of which 3 cases underwent MRI and CT simultaneously. The MRI and CT findings were analyzed in regard to tumor position, size, hemorrhagic, cystic or necrotic components, calcification, tumor density, signal intensity and enhancement features. Results The age of the 12 patients ranged from 13 to 46 years (mean age: 23 years). T2WI revealed heterogeneous intensity, hyper-intensity, and slight hypo-intensity in 6 cases, 2 cases, and 1 case, respectively. On DCE-MR images, mild, moderate, and marked rim enhancement of the tumor in the corticomedullary phase (CMP) were observed in 1, 6, and 2 cases, respectively. The tumor parenchyma showed iso-attenuation (n = 4) or slight hyper-attenuation (n = 1) compared to the normal renal cortex on non-contrast CT images. Imaging findings were suggestive of hemorrhage (n = 4) or necrosis (n = 8) in the tumors, and there was evidence of calcification in 8 cases by CT (n = 3) and pathology (n = 8). On dynamic contrast-enhanced CT images, 3 cases and 1 case manifested moderate and strong CMP enhancement, respectively. Nine tumors by MRI and 4 tumors by CT showed prolonged enhancement. Three neoplasms presented at stage I, 2 at stage II, 3 at stage III, and 4 at stage IV according the 2010 AJCC staging criteria. Conclusions XP11.2 translocation RCC should be considered when a child or young adult patient presents with a renal tumor with heterogeneous features such as hemorrhage, necrosis, cystic changes, and calcification on CT and MRI and/or is accompanied by metastatic evidence. PMID:24926688

Nephron-sparing surgery in the treatment of pediatric renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusions.

PubMed

Liu, Chao; Zhang, Weiping; Song, Hongcheng

2017-09-01

To investigate the safety and efficacy of nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) in the treatment of pediatric Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Clinical characteristics of 9 RCC children (7 males and 2 females) with Xp11.2 translocation who received NSS between January 1973 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age was 7.8years (range: 4.5-13.5years). Xp11.2 translocation RCC was found in the left side in 4 patients and right in 5. 3 tumors were located in the upper pole of the kidney, 1 in the middle dorsal, 1 in the middle ventral and 4 in the lower pole. RCC presented with painless gross hematuria in 4 patients, abdominal mass in 1, and as an incidental finding by ultrasound examination in 4 patients. The mean course of hematuria was 3months (range: 1-7months). The mean tumor diameters were 3.7cm (range: 2.2-6.9cm). All the patients received NSS with open transperitoneal approach. The mean operative time and estimated blood loss were 115min and 40ml, respectively. The time of renal pedicle clamping was 19-25min (mean: 21.5min). No complications (such as leakage of urine, prolonged drainage or secondary bleeding) were noted. No patients experienced local recurrence during the mean of 50.1-month follow-up (range: 13-117months). Intravenous urography (IVU) or contrast-enhanced CT was conducted at 6months after surgery which showed favorable kidney function in all patients. Xp11.2 translocation RCC is a predominant pathological but biologically inert type of pediatric RCC. For Xp11.2 translocation RCC sized <4-7cm in diameter and located in one pole, NSS is safe and feasible. Treatment Studies, LEVEL IV. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Renal cell tumors with clear cell histology and intact VHL and chromosome 3p: a histological review of tumors from the Cancer Genome Atlas database.

PubMed

Favazza, Laura; Chitale, Dhananjay A; Barod, Ravi; Rogers, Craig G; Kalyana-Sundaram, Shanker; Palanisamy, Nallasivam; Gupta, Nilesh S; Williamson, Sean R

2017-11-01

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is by far the most common form of kidney cancer; however, a number of histologically similar tumors are now recognized and considered distinct entities. The Cancer Genome Atlas published data set was queried (http://cbioportal.org) for clear cell renal cell carcinoma tumors lacking VHL gene mutation and chromosome 3p loss, for which whole-slide images were reviewed. Of the 418 tumors in the published Cancer Genome Atlas clear cell renal cell carcinoma database, 387 had VHL mutation, copy number loss for chromosome 3p, or both (93%). Of the remaining, 27/31 had whole-slide images for review. One had 3p loss based on karyotype but not sequencing, and three demonstrated VHL promoter hypermethylation. Nine could be reclassified as distinct or emerging entities: translocation renal cell carcinoma (n=3), TCEB1 mutant renal cell carcinoma (n=3), papillary renal cell carcinoma (n=2), and clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (n=1). Of the remaining, 6 had other clear cell renal cell carcinoma-associated gene alterations (PBRM1, SMARCA4, BAP1, SETD2), leaving 11 specimens, including 2 high-grade or sarcomatoid renal cell carcinomas and 2 with prominent fibromuscular stroma (not TCEB1 mutant). One of the remaining tumors exhibited gain of chromosome 7 but lacked histological features of papillary renal cell carcinoma. Two tumors previously reported to harbor TFE3 gene fusions also exhibited VHL mutation, chromosome 3p loss, and morphology indistinguishable from clear cell renal cell carcinoma, the significance of which is uncertain. In summary, almost all clear cell renal cell carcinomas harbor VHL mutation, 3p copy number loss, or both. Of tumors with clear cell histology that lack these alterations, a subset can now be reclassified as other entities. Further study will determine whether additional entities exist, based on distinct genetic pathways that may have implications for treatment.

Elastin-like-recombinamers multilayered nanofibrous scaffolds for cardiovascular applications.

PubMed

Putzu, M; Causa, F; Nele, V; de Torre, I González; Rodriguez-Cabello, J C; Netti, P A

2016-11-15

Coronary angioplasty is the most widely used technique for removing atherosclerotic plaques in blood vessels. The regeneration of the damaged intima layer after this treatment is still one of the major challenges in the field of cardiovascular tissue engineering. Different polymers have been used in scaffold manufacturing in order to improve tissue regeneration. Elastin-mimetic polymers are a new class of molecules that have been synthesized and used to obtain small diameter fibers with specific morphological characteristics. Elastin-like polymers produced by recombinant techniques and called elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs) are particularly promising due to their high degree of functionalization. Generally speaking, ELRs can show more complex molecular designs and a tighter control of their sequence than other chemically synthetized polymers Rodriguez Cabello et al (2009 Polymer 50 5159-69, 2011 Nanomedicine 6 111-22). For the fabrication of small diameter fibers, different ELRs were dissolved in 2,2,2-fluoroethanol (TFE). Dynamic light scattering was used to identify the transition temperature and get a deep characterization of the transition behavior of the recombinamers. In this work, we describe the use of electrospinning technique for the manufacturing of an elastic fibrous scaffold; the obtained fibers were characterized and their cytocompatibility was tested in vitro. A thorough study of the influence of voltage, flow rate and distance was carried out in order to determine the appropriate parameters to obtain fibrous mats without beads and defects. Moreover, using a rotating mandrel, we fabricated a tubular scaffold in which ELRs containing different cell adhesion sequences (mainly REDV and RGD) were collected. The stability of the scaffold was improved by using genipin as a crosslinking agent. Genipin-ELRs crosslinked scaffolds  show a good stability and fiber morphology. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells  were used to assess the in vitro bioactivity of the cell adhesion domains within the backbone of the ELRs.

Design of novel antimicrobial peptide dimer analogues with enhanced antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo by intermolecular triazole bridge strategy.

PubMed

Liu, Beijun; Huang, Haifeng; Yang, Zhibin; Liu, Beiyin; Gou, Sanhu; Zhong, Chao; Han, Xiufeng; Zhang, Yun; Ni, Jingman; Wang, Rui

2017-02-01

Currently, antimicrobial peptides have attracted considerable attention because of their broad-sprectum activity and low prognostic to induce antibiotic resistance. In our study, for the first time, a series of side-chain hybrid dimer peptides J-AA (Anoplin-Anoplin), J-RR (RW-RW), and J-AR (Anoplin-RW) based on the wasp peptide Anoplin and the arginine- and tryptophan-rich hexapeptide RW were designed and synthesized by click chemistry, with the intent to improve the antimicrobial efficacy of peptides against bacterial pathogens. The results showed that all dimer analogues exhibited up to a 4-16 fold increase in antimicrobial activity compared to the parental peptides against bacterial strains. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity was confirmed by time-killing kinetics assay with two strains which showed that these dimer analogues at 1, 2×MIC were rapidly bactericidal and reduced the initial inoculum significantly during the first 2-6h. Notably, dimer peptides showed synergy and additivity effects when used in combination with conventional antibiotics rifampin or penicillin respectively against the multidrug-resistant strains. In the Escherichia coli-infected mouse model, all of hybrid dimer analogues had significantly lower degree of bacterial load than the untreated control group when injected once i.p. at 5mg/kg. In addition, the infected mice by methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strain could be effectively treated with J-RR. All of dimer analogues had membrane-active action mode. And the membrane-dependent mode of action signifies that peptides functions freely and without regard to conventional resistant mechanisms. Circular dichroism analyses of all dimer analogues showed a general predominance of α-helix conformation in 50% trifluoroethanol (TFE). Additionally, the acute toxicities study indicated that J-RR or J-AR did not show the signs of toxicity when adult mice exposed to concentration up to 120mg/kg. The 50% lethal dose (LD 50 ) of J-AA was 53.6mg/kg. In conclusion, to design and synthesize side chain-hybrid dimer analogues via click chemistry may offer a new strategy for antibacterial therapeutic option. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PEComa: morphology and genetics of a complex tumor family.

PubMed

Thway, Khin; Fisher, Cyril

2015-10-01

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors, or PEComas, are mesenchymal neoplasms composed of histologically and immunohistochemically distinctive epithelioid or spindle cells, which are immunoreactive for both smooth muscle and melanocytic markers. The cells in PEComas are typically arranged around blood vessels and appear to form the vessel wall, often infiltrating the smooth muscle of small- to medium-sized vessels. Periluminal cells are usually epithelioid and the more peripheral cells are spindle shaped. The cells have small, round to oval nuclei, sometimes with focal nuclear atypia, and clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm, and no counterpart normal cell has been identified. The PEComa "family" now includes angiomyolipoma, pulmonary clear cell "sugar" tumor and lymphangioleiomyomatosis, primary extrapulmonary sugar tumor, clear cell myomelanocytic tumor of the falciform ligament/ligamentum teres, abdominopelvic sarcoma of perivascular epithelioid cells, and other tumors with similar features at various sites that are simply termed PEComa. Some PEComas occur in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex and share the genetic abnormalities. There is a behavioral spectrum from benign to frankly malignant, and histologic criteria have been proposed for assessing malignant potential. The differential diagnosis can include carcinomas, smooth muscle tumors, other clear cell neoplasms, and adipocytic tumors. PEComas constitute a genetically diverse group that includes neoplasms harboring TFE3 gene rearrangements and those with TSC2 mutations, indicating alternative tumorigenic pathways. Recent advances in therapy of malignant PEComas relate to increased knowledge of specific genetic changes and their effects on metabolic pathways that are susceptible to specific interventions. We review PEComas, emphasizing the diagnostic spectrum and recent immunohistochemical and genetic findings. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Encapsulation of Anticancer Drugs (5-Fluorouracil and Paclitaxel) into Polycaprolactone (PCL) Nanofibers and In Vitro Testing for Sustained and Targeted Therapy

PubMed Central

Iqbal, Sakib; Rashid, Mohammad H.; Arbab, Ali S.; Khan, Mujibur

2017-01-01

We report a continuous nanoscale encapsulation of cancer drugs 5-Fluorouracil (FU) and Paclitaxel into biocompatible polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers (NFs) using core-sheath electrospinning process. A high potential electric field of 19–23.2 kV was used to draw a compound solution jet from a specialized coaxial spinneret. Using of DMF in both core and Sheath resulted in NFs within 50–160 nm along with large beaded structures. Addition of Trichloromethane (TCM) or Trifluoroethanol (TFE) in sheath turned NFs in more uniform and thin fiber structure. The diameter range for paclitaxel encapsulated fibers was 22–90 nm with encapsulation efficiency of 77.5% and the amount of drug was only 4 to 5% of sheath polymer. Addition of PVA within core resulted drug nanocrystal formation outside of sheath and poor encapsulation efficiency (52%) with rapid initial release (52–53%) in first 3 days. Drug release test of NFs in different pH exhibited increase of release rate with the decrease of media pH. In-vitro cell viability test with FU encapsulated NFs in human prostatic cancer PC3 cells exhibited 38% alive cells at 5 μM concentration while in pristine FU 43% cells were alive. Paclitaxel encapsulated NFs with breast cancer cells also exhibited increased efficacy in comparison to pristine anticancer drugs. Continuous decrease of cell density indicated the slow release of cancer drugs from the NFs. Both PCL+Paclitaxel and PCL+5FU treated conditions caused breast cancer cell death between 40% to 50%. PMID:28845137

Encapsulation of Anticancer Drugs (5-Fluorouracil and Paclitaxel) into Polycaprolactone (PCL) Nanofibers and In Vitro Testing for Sustained and Targeted Therapy.

PubMed

Iqbal, Sakib; Rashid, Mohammad H; Arbab, Ali S; Khan, Mujibur

2017-04-01

We report a continuous nanoscale encapsulation of cancer drugs 5-Fluorouracil (FU) and Paclitaxel into biocompatible polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers (NFs) using core-sheath electrospinning process. A high potential electric field of 19-23.2 kV was used to draw a compound solution jet from a specialized coaxial spinneret. Using of DMF in both core and Sheath resulted in NFs within 50-160 nm along with large beaded structures. Addition of Trichloromethane (TCM) or Trifluoroethanol (TFE) in sheath turned NFs in more uniform and thin fiber structure. The diameter range for paclitaxel encapsulated fibers was 22-90 nm with encapsulation efficiency of 77.5% and the amount of drug was only 4 to 5% of sheath polymer. Addition of PVA within core resulted drug nanocrystal formation outside of sheath and poor encapsulation efficiency (52%) with rapid initial release (52-53%) in first 3 days. Drug release test of NFs in different pH exhibited increase of release rate with the decrease of media pH. In-vitro cell viability test with FU encapsulated NFs in human prostatic cancer PC3 cells exhibited 38% alive cells at 5 μM concentration while in pristine FU 43% cells were alive. Paclitaxel encapsulated NFs with breast cancer cells also exhibited increased efficacy in comparison to pristine anticancer drugs. Continuous decrease of cell density indicated the slow release of cancer drugs from the NFs. Both PCL+Paclitaxel and PCL+5FU treated conditions caused breast cancer cell death between 40% to 50%.

Diagnostic Approach to Eosinophilic Renal Neoplasms

PubMed Central

Kryvenko, Oleksandr N.; Jorda, Merce; Argani, Pedram; Epstein, Jonathan I.

2015-01-01

Context Eosinophilic renal neoplasms include a spectrum of solid and papillary tumors ranging from indolent benign oncocytoma to highly aggressive malignancies. Recognition of the correct nature of the tumor, especially in biopsy specimens, is paramount for patient management. Objective To review the diagnostic approach to eosinophilic renal neoplasms with light microscopy and ancillary techniques. Data Sources Review of the published literature and personal experience. Conclusions The following tumors are in the differential diagnosis of oncocytic renal cell neoplasm: oncocytoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC), hybrid tumor, tubulocystic carcinoma, papillary RCC, clear cell RCC with predominant eosinophilic cell morphology, follicular thyroid-like RCC, hereditary leiomyomatosis–associated RCC, acquired cystic disease–associated RCC, rhabdoid RCC, microphthalmia transcription factor translocation RCC, epithelioid angiomyolipoma, and unclassified RCC. In low-grade nonpapillary eosinophilic neoplasms, distinction between oncocytoma and low-grade RCC mostly rests on histomorphology; however, cytokeratin 7 immunostain may be helpful. In high-grade nonpapillary lesions, there is more of a role for ancillary techniques, including immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin 7, CA9, CD10, racemase, HMB45, and Melan-A. In papillary eosinophilic neoplasms, it is important to distinguish sporadic type 2 papillary RCC from microphthalmia transcription factor translocation and hereditary leiomyomatosis–associated RCC. Histologic and cytologic features along with immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization tests for TFE3 (Xp11.2) and TFEB [t(6;11)] are reliable confirmatory tests. Eosinophilic epithelial neoplasms with architecture, cytology, and/or immunoprofile not qualifying for either of the established types of RCC should be classified as unclassified eosinophilic RCC and arbitrarily assigned a grade (low or high). PMID:25357116

Performance analysis and an assessment of operational issues of Ya-21U

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Paramonov, D.V.; El-Genk, M.S.

1996-03-01

Extensive testing of the Soviet made TOPAZ-II space nuclear power system unit designated {open_quote}{open_quote}Ya-21U{close_quote}{close_quote} was conducted both in the USSR (1989{endash}1990) and in the US (August 1993 to March 1995). The unit underwent a total of 15 tests for a cumulative test/operation time of almost 8000 hours. These tests included steady-state operation at different power levels, fast startups and power optimizations. Leaks were detected in some of the Thermionic Fuel Elements (TFEs) after the first test in the US. These leaks that facilitated air incursion into the interelectrode gap caused operational changes in both electric power and conversion efficiency andmore » changed the optimum cesium pressure and load voltage. Additional changes in operational performance were detected following shock and vibration tests performed in August 1994. Test data was examined and analyzed to assess the performance of not only individual TFEs, and also the whole Ya-21U unit, and identify causes for measured operational performance changes; most probable causes were identified and discussed. The Ya-21U unit remained operational throughout extensive testing for 8000 hours at conditions far exceeding the design limits of the TOPAZ-II system. No single TFE was damaged during testing and measured operational performance changes were uniform among working section TFEs. In addition to providing a unique knowledge base for future development and operation of thermionic power systems, the test results testify to the reliability and ruggedness of the TOPAZ-II system design. {copyright} {ital 1996 American Institute of Physics.}« less

Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

PubMed Central

Linehan, W. Marston; Spellman, Paul T.; Ricketts, Christopher J.; Creighton, Chad J.; Fei, Suzanne S.; Davis, Caleb; Wheeler, David A.; Murray, Bradley A.; Schmidt, Laura; Vocke, Cathy D.; Peto, Myron; Al Mamun, Abu Amar M.; Shinbrot, Eve; Sethi, Anurag; Brooks, Samira; Rathmell, W. Kimryn; Brooks, Angela N.; Hoadley, Katherine A.; Robertson, A. Gordon; Brooks, Denise; Bowlby, Reanne; Sadeghi, Sara; Shen, Hui; Weisenberger, Daniel J.; Bootwalla, Moiz; Baylin, Stephen B.; Laird, Peter W.; Cherniack, Andrew D.; Saksena, Gordon; Haake, Scott; Li, Jun; Liang, Han; Lu, Yiling; Mills, Gordon B.; Akbani, Rehan; Leiserson, Mark D.M.; Raphael, Benjamin J.; Anur, Pavana; Bottaro, Donald; Albiges, Laurence; Barnabas, Nandita; Choueiri, Toni K.; Czerniak, Bogdan; Godwin, Andrew K.; Hakimi, A. Ari; Ho, Thai; Hsieh, James; Ittmann, Michael; Kim, William Y.; Krishnan, Bhavani; Merino, Maria J.; Mills Shaw, Kenna R.; Reuter, Victor E.; Reznik, Ed; Shelley, Carl Simon; Shuch, Brian; Signoretti, Sabina; Srinivasan, Ramaprasad; Tamboli, Pheroze; Thomas, George; Tickoo, Satish; Burnett, Kenneth; Crain, Daniel; Gardner, Johanna; Lau, Kevin; Mallery, David; Morris, Scott; Paulauskis, Joseph D.; Penny, Robert J.; Shelton, Candace; Shelton, W. Troy; Sherman, Mark; Thompson, Eric; Yena, Peggy; Avedon, Melissa T.; Bowen, Jay; Gastier-Foster, Julie M.; Gerken, Mark; Leraas, Kristen M.; Lichtenberg, Tara M.; Ramirez, Nilsa C.; Santos, Tracie; Wise, Lisa; Zmuda, Erik; Demchok, John A.; Felau, Ina; Hutter, Carolyn M.; Sheth, Margi; Sofia, Heidi J.; Tarnuzzer, Roy; Wang, Zhining; Yang, Liming; Zenklusen, Jean C.; Zhang, Jiashan (Julia); Ayala, Brenda; Baboud, Julien; Chudamani, Sudha; Liu, Jia; Lolla, Laxmi; Naresh, Rashi; Pihl, Todd; Sun, Qiang; Wan, Yunhu; Wu, Ye; Ally, Adrian; Balasundaram, Miruna; Balu, Saianand; Beroukhim, Rameen; Bodenheimer, Tom; Buhay, Christian; Butterfield, Yaron S.N.; Carlsen, Rebecca; Carter, Scott L.; Chao, Hsu; Chuah, Eric; Clarke, Amanda; Covington, Kyle R.; Dahdouli, Mahmoud; Dewal, Ninad; Dhalla, Noreen; Doddapaneni, HarshaVardhan; Drummond, Jennifer; Gabriel, Stacey B.; Gibbs, Richard A.; Guin, Ranabir; Hale, Walker; Hawes, Alicia; Hayes, D. Neil; Holt, Robert A.; Hoyle, Alan P.; Jefferys, Stuart R.; Jones, Steven J.M.; Jones, Corbin D.; Kalra, Divya; Kovar, Christie; Lewis, Lora; Li, Jie; Ma, Yussanne; Marra, Marco A.; Mayo, Michael; Meng, Shaowu; Meyerson, Matthew; Mieczkowski, Piotr A.; Moore, Richard A.; Morton, Donna; Mose, Lisle E.; Mungall, Andrew J.; Muzny, Donna; Parker, Joel S.; Perou, Charles M.; Roach, Jeffrey; Schein, Jacqueline E.; Schumacher, Steven E.; Shi, Yan; Simons, Janae V.; Sipahimalani, Payal; Skelly, Tara; Soloway, Matthew G.; Sougnez, Carrie; Tam, Angela; Tan, Donghui; Thiessen, Nina; Veluvolu, Umadevi; Wang, Min; Wilkerson, Matthew D.; Wong, Tina; Wu, Junyuan; Xi, Liu; Zhou, Jane; Bedford, Jason; Chen, Fengju; Fu, Yao; Gerstein, Mark; Haussler, David; Kasaian, Katayoon; Lai, Phillip; Ling, Shiyun; Radenbaugh, Amie; Van Den Berg, David; Weinstein, John N.; Zhu, Jingchun; Albert, Monique; Alexopoulou, Iakovina; Andersen, Jeremiah J; Auman, J. Todd; Bartlett, John; Bastacky, Sheldon; Bergsten, Julie; Blute, Michael L.; Boice, Lori; Bollag, Roni J.; Boyd, Jeff; Castle, Erik; Chen, Ying-Bei; Cheville, John C.; Curley, Erin; Davies, Benjamin; DeVolk, April; Dhir, Rajiv; Dike, Laura; Eckman, John; Engel, Jay; Harr, Jodi; Hrebinko, Ronald; Huang, Mei; Huelsenbeck-Dill, Lori; Iacocca, Mary; Jacobs, Bruce; Lobis, Michael; Maranchie, Jodi K.; McMeekin, Scott; Myers, Jerome; Nelson, Joel; Parfitt, Jeremy; Parwani, Anil; Petrelli, Nicholas; Rabeno, Brenda; Roy, Somak; Salner, Andrew L.; Slaton, Joel; Stanton, Melissa; Thompson, R. Houston; Thorne, Leigh; Tucker, Kelinda; Weinberger, Paul M.; Winemiller, Cythnia; Zach, Leigh Anne; Zuna, Rosemary

2016-01-01

Background Papillary renal cell carcinoma, accounting for 15% of renal cell carcinoma, is a heterogeneous disease consisting of different types of renal cancer, including tumors with indolent, multifocal presentation and solitary tumors with an aggressive, highly lethal phenotype. Little is known about the genetic basis of sporadic papillary renal cell carcinoma; no effective forms of therapy for advanced disease exist. Methods We performed comprehensive molecular characterization utilizing whole-exome sequencing, copy number, mRNA, microRNA, methylation and proteomic analyses of 161 primary papillary renal cell carcinomas. Results Type 1 and Type 2 papillary renal cell carcinomas were found to be different types of renal cancer characterized by specific genetic alterations, with Type 2 further classified into three individual subgroups based on molecular differences that influenced patient survival. MET alterations were associated with Type 1 tumors, whereas Type 2 tumors were characterized by CDKN2A silencing, SETD2 mutations, TFE3 fusions, and increased expression of the NRF2-ARE pathway. A CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) was found in a distinct subset of Type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma characterized by poor survival and mutation of the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene. Conclusions Type 1 and Type 2 papillary renal cell carcinomas are clinically and biologically distinct. Alterations in the MET pathway are associated with Type 1 and activation of the NRF2-ARE pathway with Type 2; CDKN2A loss and CIMP in Type 2 convey a poor prognosis. Furthermore, Type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma consists of at least 3 subtypes based upon molecular and phenotypic features. PMID:26536169

Convergent synthesis of 13N-labelled Peptidic structures using aqueous [13N]NH3.

PubMed

Blower, Julia E; Cousin, Samuel F; Gee, Antony D

2017-01-01

Nitrogen-13 has a 10-min half-life which places time constraints on the complexity of viable synthetic methods for its incorporation into PET imaging agents. In exploring ways to overcome this limitation, we have used the Ugi reaction to develop a rapid one-pot method for radiolabelling peptidic molecules using [ 13 N]NH 3 as a synthetic precursor. Carrier-added [ 13 N]NH 3 (50 μL) was added to a solution of carboxylic acid, aldehyde, and isocyanide in 2,2,2-TFE (200 μL). The mixture was heated in a microwave synthesiser at 120 °C for 10 min. Reactions were analysed by radio-HPLC and radio-LCMS. Isolation of the target 13 N-labelled peptidic Ugi compound was achieved via semi-preparative radio-HPLC as demonstrated for Ugi 1. Radio-HPLC analysis of each reaction confirmed the formation of radioactive products co-eluting with their respective reference standards with radiochemical yields of the crude products ranging from 11% to 23%. Two cyclic γ-lactam structures were also achieved via intra-molecular reactions. Additional radioactive by-products observed in the radio-chromatogram were identified as 13 N-labelled di-imines formed from the reaction of [ 13 N]NH 3 with two isocyanide molecules. The desired 13 N-labelled Ugi product was isolated using semi-preparative HPLC. We have developed a one-pot method that opens up new routes to radiolabel complex, peptidic molecules with 13 N using aqueous [ 13 N]NH 3 as a synthetic precursor.

Waste Heat Recovery and Recycling in Thermal Separation Processes: Distillation, Multi-Effect Evaporation (MEE) and Crystallization Processes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Emmanuel A. Dada; Chandrakant B. Panchal; Luke K. Achenie

Evaporation and crystallization are key thermal separation processes for concentrating and purifying inorganic and organic products with energy consumption over 1,000 trillion Btu/yr. This project focused on a challenging task of recovering low-temperature latent heat that can have a paradigm shift in the way thermal process units will be designed and operated to achieve high-energy efficiency and significantly reduce the carbon footprint as well as water footprint. Moreover, this project has evaluated the technical merits of waste-heat powered thermal heat pumps for recovery of latent heat from distillation, multi-effect evaporation (MEE), and crystallization processes and recycling into the process. Themore » Project Team has estimated the potential energy, economics and environmental benefits with the focus on reduction in CO2 emissions that can be realized by 2020, assuming successful development and commercialization of the technology being developed. Specifically, with aggressive industry-wide applications of heat recovery and recycling with absorption heat pumps, energy savings of about 26.7 trillion Btu/yr have been estimated for distillation process. The direct environmental benefits of this project are the reduced emissions of combustible products. The estimated major reduction in environmental pollutants in the distillation processes is in CO2 emission equivalent to 3.5 billion lbs/year. Energy consumption associated with water supply and treatments can vary between 1,900 kWh and 23,700 kWh per million-gallon water depending on sources of natural waters [US DOE, 2006]. Successful implementation of this technology would significantly reduce the demand for cooling-tower waters, and thereby the use and discharge of water treatment chemicals. The Project Team has also identified and characterized working fluid pairs for the moderate-temperature heat pump. For an MEE process, the two promising fluids are LiNO3+KNO3+NANO3 (53:28:19 ) and LiNO3+KNO3+NANO2(53:35:12). And for an H2O2 distillation process, the two promising fluids are Trifluoroethanol (TFE) + Triethylene Glycol Dimethyl ether (DMETEG) and Ammonia+ Water. Thermo-physical properties calculated by Aspen+ are reasonably accurate. Documentation of the installation of pilot-plants or full commercial units were not found in the literature for validating thermo-physical properties in an operating unit. Therefore, it is essential to install a pilot-scale unit to verify thermo-physical properties of working fluid pairs and validate the overall efficiency of the thermal heat pump at temperatures typical of distillation processes. For an HO2 process, the ammonia-water heat pump system is more compact and preferable than the TFE-DMETEG heat pump. The ammonia-water heat pump is therefore recommended for the H2O2 process. Based on the complex nature of the heat recovery system, we anticipated that capital costs could make investments financially unattractive where steam costs are low, especially where co-generation is involved. We believe that the enhanced heat transfer equipment has the potential to significantly improve the performance of TEE crystallizers, independent of the absorption heat-pump recovery system. Where steam costs are high, more detailed design/cost engineering will be required to verify the economic viability of the technology. Due to the long payback period estimated for the TEE open system, further studies on the TEE system are not warranted unless there are significant future improvements to heat pump technology. For the H2O2 distillation cycle heat pump waste heat recovery system, there were no significant process constraints and the estimated 5 years payback period is encouraging. We therefore recommend further developments of application of the thermal heat pump in the H2O2 distillation process with the focus on the technical and economic viability of heat exchangers equipped with the state-of-the-art enhancements. This will require additional funding for a prototype unit to validate enhanced thermal performances of heat transfer equipment, evaluate the fouling characteristics in field testing, and remove the uncertainty factors included in the estimated payback period for the H2O2 distillation system.« less

Finding biomarkers in non-model species: literature mining of transcription factors involved in bovine embryo development

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Since processes in well-known model organisms have specific features different from those in Bos taurus, the organism under study, a good way to describe gene regulation in ruminant embryos would be a species-specific consideration of closely related species to cattle, sheep and pig. However, as highlighted by a recent report, gene dictionaries in pig are smaller than in cattle, bringing a risk to reduce the gene resources to be mined (and so for sheep dictionaries). Bioinformatics approaches that allow an integration of available information on gene function in model organisms, taking into account their specificity, are thus needed. Besides these closely related and biologically relevant species, there is indeed much more knowledge of (i) trophoblast proliferation and differentiation or (ii) embryogenesis in human and mouse species, which provides opportunities for reconstructing proliferation and/or differentiation processes in other mammalian embryos, including ruminants. The necessary knowledge can be obtained partly from (i) stem cell or cancer research to supply useful information on molecular agents or molecular interactions at work in cell proliferation and (ii) mouse embryogenesis to supply useful information on embryo differentiation. However, the total number of publications for all these topics and species is great and their manual processing would be tedious and time consuming. This is why we used text mining for automated text analysis and automated knowledge extraction. To evaluate the quality of this “mining”, we took advantage of studies that reported gene expression profiles during the elongation of bovine embryos and defined a list of transcription factors (or TF, n = 64) that we used as biological “gold standard”. When successful, the “mining” approach would identify them all, as well as novel ones. Methods To gain knowledge on molecular-genetic regulations in a non model organism, we offer an approach based on literature-mining and score arrangement of data from model organisms. This approach was applied to identify novel transcription factors during bovine blastocyst elongation, a process that is not observed in rodents and primates. As a result, searching through human and mouse corpuses, we identified numerous bovine homologs, among which 11 to 14% of transcription factors including the gold standard TF as well as novel TF potentially important to gene regulation in ruminant embryo development. The scripts of the workflow are written in Perl and available on demand. They require data input coming from all various databases for any kind of biological issue once the data has been prepared according to keywords for the studied topic and species; we can provide data sample to illustrate the use and functionality of the workflow. Results To do so, we created a workflow that allowed the pipeline processing of literature data and biological data, extracted from Web of Science (WoS) or PubMed but also from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Gene Ontology (GO), Uniprot, HomoloGene, TcoF-DB and TFe (TF encyclopedia). First, the human and mouse homologs of the bovine proteins were selected, filtered by text corpora and arranged by score functions. The score functions were based on the gene name frequencies in corpora. Then, transcription factors were identified using TcoF-DB and double-checked using TFe to characterise TF groups and families. Thus, among a search space of 18,670 bovine homologs, 489 were identified as transcription factors. Among them, 243 were absent from the high-throughput data available at the time of the study. They thus stand so far for putative TF acting during bovine embryo elongation, but might be retrieved from a recent RNA sequencing dataset (Mamo et al. , 2012). Beyond the 246 TF that appeared expressed in bovine elongating tissues, we restricted our interpretation to those occurring within a list of 50 top-ranked genes. Among the transcription factors identified therein, half belonged to the gold standard (ASCL2, c-FOS, ETS2, GATA3, HAND1) and half did not (ESR1, HES1, ID2, NANOG, PHB2, TP53, STAT3). Conclusions A workflow providing search for transcription factors acting in bovine elongation was developed. The model assumed that proteins sharing the same protein domains in closely related species had the same protein functionalities, even if they were differently regulated among species or involved in somewhat different pathways. Under this assumption, we merged the information on different mammalian species from different databases (literature and biology) and proposed 489 TF as potential participants of embryo proliferation and differentiation, with (i) a recall of 95% with regard to a biological gold standard defined in 2011 and (ii) an extension of more than 3 times the gold standard of TF detected so far in elongating tissues. The working capacity of the workflow was supported by the manual expertise of the biologists on the results. The workflow can serve as a new kind of bioinformatics tool to work on fused data sources and can thus be useful in studies of a wide range of biological processes. PMID:22931563

Renal Tumors

PubMed Central

Tan, Puay Hoon; Cheng, Liang; Rioux-Leclercq, Nathalie; Merino, Maria J.; Netto, George; Reuter, Victor E.; Shen, Steven S.; Grignon, David J.; Montironi, Rodolfo; Egevad, Lars; Srigley, John R.; Delahunt, Brett; Moch, Holger

2016-01-01

The International Society of Urological Pathology convened a consensus conference on renal cancer, preceded by an online survey, to address issues relating to the diagnosis and reporting of renal neoplasia. In this report, the role of biomarkers in the diagnosis and assessment of prognosis of renal tumors is addressed. In particular we focused upon the use of immunohistochemical markers and the approach to specific differential diagnostic scenarios. We enquired whether cytogenetic and molecular tools were applied in practice and asked for views on the perceived prognostic role of biomarkers. Both the survey and conference voting results demonstrated a high degree of consensus in participants’ responses regarding prognostic/predictive markers and molecular techniques, whereas it was apparent that biomarkers for these purposes remained outside the diagnostic realm pending clinical validation. Although no individual antibody or panel of antibodies reached consensus for classifying renal tumors, or for confirming renal metastatic disease, it was noted from the online survey that 87% of respondents used immunohistochemistry to subtype renal tumors sometimes or occasionally, and a majority (87%) used immunohistochemical markers (Pax 2 or Pax 8, renal cell carcinoma [RCC] marker, panel of pan-CK, CK7, vimentin, and CD10) in confirming the diagnosis of metastatic RCC. There was consensus that immunohistochemistry should be used for histologic subtyping and applied before reaching a diagnosis of unclassified RCC. At the conference, there was consensus that TFE3 and TFEB analysis ought to be requested when RCC was diagnosed in a young patient or when histologic appearances were suggestive of the translocation subtype; whereas Pax 2 and/or Pax 8 were considered to be the most useful markers in the diagnosis of a renal primary. PMID:24025522

Polymer-Oxygen Compatibility Testing: Effect of Oxygen Aging on Ignition and Combustion Properties

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Waller, Jess M.; Haas, Jon P.; Wilson, D. Bruce; Fries, Joseph (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

The oxygen compatibility of six polymers used in oxygen service was evaluated after exposure for 48 hours to oxygen pressures ranging from 350 to 6200 kPa (50 to 900 psia), and temperatures ranging from 50 to 250 C (122 to 302 F). Three elastomers were tested: CR rubber (C873-70), FKM fluorocarbon rubber (Viton A), and MPQ silicone rubber (MIL-ZZ-765, Class 2); and three thermoplastics were tested: polyhexamethylene adipamide (Zytel 42), polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon TFE), and polychlorotrifluoroethylene (Neoflon CTFE M400H). Post-aging changes in mass, dimensions, tensile strength, elongation at break, and durometer hardness were determined. Also, the compression set was determined for the three elastomers. Results show that the properties under investigation were more sensitive to oxygen pressure at low to moderate temperatures, and more sensitive to temperature at low to moderate oxygen pressures. Inspection of the results also suggested that both chain scissioning and cross-linking processes were operative, consistent with heterogeneous oxidation. Attempts are underway to verify conclusively the occurrence of heterogeneous oxidation using a simple modulus profiling technique. Finally, the effect of aging at 620 kpa (90 psia) and 121 C (250 F) on ignition and combustion resistance was determined. As expected, aged polymers were less ignitable and combustible (had higher AlTs and lower heats of combustion). Special attention was given to Neoflon CTFE. More specifically, the effect of process history (compression versus extrusion molding) and percent crystallinity (quick- versus slow-quenched) on the AIT, heat of combustion, and impact sensitivity of Neoflon CTFE was investigated. Results show the AIT, heat of combustion, and impact sensitivity to be essentially independent of Neoflon CTFE process history and structure.

The BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1) target genes are involved in the oxidative stress response and in control of the cell cycle.

PubMed

Warnatz, Hans-Jörg; Schmidt, Dominic; Manke, Thomas; Piccini, Ilaria; Sultan, Marc; Borodina, Tatiana; Balzereit, Daniela; Wruck, Wasco; Soldatov, Alexey; Vingron, Martin; Lehrach, Hans; Yaspo, Marie-Laure

2011-07-01

The regulation of gene expression in response to environmental signals and metabolic imbalances is a key step in maintaining cellular homeostasis. BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1) is a heme-binding transcription factor repressing the transcription from a subset of MAF recognition elements at low intracellular heme levels. Upon heme binding, BACH1 is released from the MAF recognition elements, resulting in increased expression of antioxidant response genes. To systematically address the gene regulatory networks involving BACH1, we combined chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis of BACH1 target genes in HEK 293 cells with knockdown of BACH1 using three independent types of small interfering RNAs followed by transcriptome profiling using microarrays. The 59 BACH1 target genes identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing were found highly enriched in genes showing expression changes after BACH1 knockdown, demonstrating the impact of BACH1 repression on transcription. In addition to known and new BACH1 targets involved in heme degradation (HMOX1, FTL, FTH1, ME1, and SLC48A1) and redox regulation (GCLC, GCLM, and SLC7A11), we also discovered BACH1 target genes affecting cell cycle and apoptosis pathways (ITPR2, CALM1, SQSTM1, TFE3, EWSR1, CDK6, BCL2L11, and MAFG) as well as subcellular transport processes (CLSTN1, PSAP, MAPT, and vault RNA). The newly identified impact of BACH1 on genes involved in neurodegenerative processes and proliferation provides an interesting basis for future dissection of BACH1-mediated gene repression in neurodegeneration and virus-induced cancerogenesis.

Identification and functional characterization of an uncharacterized antimicrobial peptide from a ciliate Paramecium caudatum.

PubMed

Cui, Pengfei; Dong, Yuan; Li, Zhijian; Zhang, Yubo; Zhang, Shicui

2016-07-01

The global ever-growing concerns about multi-drug resistant (MDR) microbes leads to urgent demands for exploration of new antibiotics including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Here we demonstrated that a cDNA from Ciliata Paramecium caudatum, designated Pcamp1, coded for a protein with features characteristic of AMPs, which is not homologous to any AMPs currently known. Both the C-terminal 91 amino acid residues of PcAMP1, cPcAMP1, expressed in Escherichia coli and the C-terminal 26 amino acid residues (predicted mature AMP), cPcAMP1/26, synthesized, underwent a coil-to-helix transition in the presence of TFE, SDS or DPC. Functional assays revealed that cPcAMP1 and cPcAMP1/26 were both able to kill Aeromonas hydrophila and Staphylococcus aureus. ELISA showed that cPcAMP1 and cPcAMP1/26 were able to bind to microbe-associated molecular pattern molecules LPS and LTA, which was further corroborated by the observations that cPcAMP1 could deposit onto the bacterial membranes. Importantly, both cPcAMP1 and cPcAMP1/26 were able to induce bacterial membrane permeabilization and depolarization, and to increase intracellular ROS levels. Additionally, cPcAMP1 and cPcAMP1/26 were not cytotoxic to mammalian cells. Taken together, our results show that PcAMP1 is a potential AMP with a membrane selectivity towards bacterial cells, which renders it a promising template for the design of novel peptide antibiotics against MDR microbes. It also shows that use of signal conserved sequence of AMPs can be an effective tool to identify potential AMPs across different animal classes. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fesbnd X (X = B, N) binary compounds: First-principles calculations of electronic structures, theoretic hardness and magnetic properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hui, Liangliang; Xie, Zhongjing; Li, Chunmei; Chen, Zhi-Qian

2018-04-01

The first-principles calculations are implemented to investigate the electronic structures, theoretic hardness and magnetic properties of iron borides and nitrides with four different crystal systems containing hexagonal (FeB2, ε-Fe3N), tetragonal (Fe2B, α″-Fe16N2), orthorhombic (α-FeB, θ-Fe3B, ζ-Fe2N), and cubic (zb-FeN, rs-FeN, γ‧-Fe4N, γ-Fe23B6) phase. The calculated lattice parameters using RPBE meet well with the experimental results. The cohesive energy and formation enthalpy values indicate the Fesbnd X (X = B, N) binary compounds are thermodynamically stable. Meanwhile, the h-FeB2 is most difficult phase for experimental synthesis among these interstitial compounds. Moreover, magnetic properties are discussed and show that the mean magnetic moments of o-Fe3B and c-Fe23B6 with the values of 2.227 μB and 2.256 μB per iron atom are approaching to that of pure iron (2.32 μB) while the c-Fe4N and t-Fe16N2 with the values of 2.51 and 2.48 μB are beyond that of pure α-Fe. The c-FeN phase shows nonmagnetic in zb-style while rs-type shows antiferromagnetic with a value of 2.52 μB. Furthermore, the average bonding length and Mulliken population combined with electronic structures are also analysed in this paper which provide that strong Fesbnd X and Xsbnd X covalent bonds are responsible for high hardness. Finally, the theoretic hardness of Xsbnd X, Fesbnd X and Fesbnd Fe bonds is predicted by semi empirical hardness theory.

Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Papillary Renal-Cell Carcinoma.

PubMed

Linehan, W Marston; Spellman, Paul T; Ricketts, Christopher J; Creighton, Chad J; Fei, Suzanne S; Davis, Caleb; Wheeler, David A; Murray, Bradley A; Schmidt, Laura; Vocke, Cathy D; Peto, Myron; Al Mamun, Abu Amar M; Shinbrot, Eve; Sethi, Anurag; Brooks, Samira; Rathmell, W Kimryn; Brooks, Angela N; Hoadley, Katherine A; Robertson, A Gordon; Brooks, Denise; Bowlby, Reanne; Sadeghi, Sara; Shen, Hui; Weisenberger, Daniel J; Bootwalla, Moiz; Baylin, Stephen B; Laird, Peter W; Cherniack, Andrew D; Saksena, Gordon; Haake, Scott; Li, Jun; Liang, Han; Lu, Yiling; Mills, Gordon B; Akbani, Rehan; Leiserson, Mark D M; Raphael, Benjamin J; Anur, Pavana; Bottaro, Donald; Albiges, Laurence; Barnabas, Nandita; Choueiri, Toni K; Czerniak, Bogdan; Godwin, Andrew K; Hakimi, A Ari; Ho, Thai H; Hsieh, James; Ittmann, Michael; Kim, William Y; Krishnan, Bhavani; Merino, Maria J; Mills Shaw, Kenna R; Reuter, Victor E; Reznik, Ed; Shelley, Carl S; Shuch, Brian; Signoretti, Sabina; Srinivasan, Ramaprasad; Tamboli, Pheroze; Thomas, George; Tickoo, Satish; Burnett, Kenneth; Crain, Daniel; Gardner, Johanna; Lau, Kevin; Mallery, David; Morris, Scott; Paulauskis, Joseph D; Penny, Robert J; Shelton, Candace; Shelton, W Troy; Sherman, Mark; Thompson, Eric; Yena, Peggy; Avedon, Melissa T; Bowen, Jay; Gastier-Foster, Julie M; Gerken, Mark; Leraas, Kristen M; Lichtenberg, Tara M; Ramirez, Nilsa C; Santos, Tracie; Wise, Lisa; Zmuda, Erik; Demchok, John A; Felau, Ina; Hutter, Carolyn M; Sheth, Margi; Sofia, Heidi J; Tarnuzzer, Roy; Wang, Zhining; Yang, Liming; Zenklusen, Jean C; Zhang, Jiashan; Ayala, Brenda; Baboud, Julien; Chudamani, Sudha; Liu, Jia; Lolla, Laxmi; Naresh, Rashi; Pihl, Todd; Sun, Qiang; Wan, Yunhu; Wu, Ye; Ally, Adrian; Balasundaram, Miruna; Balu, Saianand; Beroukhim, Rameen; Bodenheimer, Tom; Buhay, Christian; Butterfield, Yaron S N; Carlsen, Rebecca; Carter, Scott L; Chao, Hsu; Chuah, Eric; Clarke, Amanda; Covington, Kyle R; Dahdouli, Mahmoud; Dewal, Ninad; Dhalla, Noreen; Doddapaneni, Harsha V; Drummond, Jennifer A; Gabriel, Stacey B; Gibbs, Richard A; Guin, Ranabir; Hale, Walker; Hawes, Alicia; Hayes, D Neil; Holt, Robert A; Hoyle, Alan P; Jefferys, Stuart R; Jones, Steven J M; Jones, Corbin D; Kalra, Divya; Kovar, Christie; Lewis, Lora; Li, Jie; Ma, Yussanne; Marra, Marco A; Mayo, Michael; Meng, Shaowu; Meyerson, Matthew; Mieczkowski, Piotr A; Moore, Richard A; Morton, Donna; Mose, Lisle E; Mungall, Andrew J; Muzny, Donna; Parker, Joel S; Perou, Charles M; Roach, Jeffrey; Schein, Jacqueline E; Schumacher, Steven E; Shi, Yan; Simons, Janae V; Sipahimalani, Payal; Skelly, Tara; Soloway, Matthew G; Sougnez, Carrie; Tam, Angela; Tan, Donghui; Thiessen, Nina; Veluvolu, Umadevi; Wang, Min; Wilkerson, Matthew D; Wong, Tina; Wu, Junyuan; Xi, Liu; Zhou, Jane; Bedford, Jason; Chen, Fengju; Fu, Yao; Gerstein, Mark; Haussler, David; Kasaian, Katayoon; Lai, Phillip; Ling, Shiyun; Radenbaugh, Amie; Van Den Berg, David; Weinstein, John N; Zhu, Jingchun; Albert, Monique; Alexopoulou, Iakovina; Andersen, Jeremiah J; Auman, J Todd; Bartlett, John; Bastacky, Sheldon; Bergsten, Julie; Blute, Michael L; Boice, Lori; Bollag, Roni J; Boyd, Jeff; Castle, Erik; Chen, Ying-Bei; Cheville, John C; Curley, Erin; Davies, Benjamin; DeVolk, April; Dhir, Rajiv; Dike, Laura; Eckman, John; Engel, Jay; Harr, Jodi; Hrebinko, Ronald; Huang, Mei; Huelsenbeck-Dill, Lori; Iacocca, Mary; Jacobs, Bruce; Lobis, Michael; Maranchie, Jodi K; McMeekin, Scott; Myers, Jerome; Nelson, Joel; Parfitt, Jeremy; Parwani, Anil; Petrelli, Nicholas; Rabeno, Brenda; Roy, Somak; Salner, Andrew L; Slaton, Joel; Stanton, Melissa; Thompson, R Houston; Thorne, Leigh; Tucker, Kelinda; Weinberger, Paul M; Winemiller, Cynthia; Zach, Leigh Anne; Zuna, Rosemary

2016-01-14

Papillary renal-cell carcinoma, which accounts for 15 to 20% of renal-cell carcinomas, is a heterogeneous disease that consists of various types of renal cancer, including tumors with indolent, multifocal presentation and solitary tumors with an aggressive, highly lethal phenotype. Little is known about the genetic basis of sporadic papillary renal-cell carcinoma, and no effective forms of therapy for advanced disease exist. We performed comprehensive molecular characterization of 161 primary papillary renal-cell carcinomas, using whole-exome sequencing, copy-number analysis, messenger RNA and microRNA sequencing, DNA-methylation analysis, and proteomic analysis. Type 1 and type 2 papillary renal-cell carcinomas were shown to be different types of renal cancer characterized by specific genetic alterations, with type 2 further classified into three individual subgroups on the basis of molecular differences associated with patient survival. Type 1 tumors were associated with MET alterations, whereas type 2 tumors were characterized by CDKN2A silencing, SETD2 mutations, TFE3 fusions, and increased expression of the NRF2-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway. A CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) was observed in a distinct subgroup of type 2 papillary renal-cell carcinomas that was characterized by poor survival and mutation of the gene encoding fumarate hydratase (FH). Type 1 and type 2 papillary renal-cell carcinomas were shown to be clinically and biologically distinct. Alterations in the MET pathway were associated with type 1, and activation of the NRF2-ARE pathway was associated with type 2; CDKN2A loss and CIMP in type 2 conveyed a poor prognosis. Furthermore, type 2 papillary renal-cell carcinoma consisted of at least three subtypes based on molecular and phenotypic features. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).

SU-E-T-558: An Exploratory RF Pulse Sequence Technique Used to Induce Differential Heating in Tissues Containing Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for a Possible Hyperthermic Adjuvant Effect to Radiotherapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yee, S; Ionascu, D; Wilson, G

2014-06-01

Purpose: In pre-clinical trials of cancer thermotherapy, hyperthermia can be induced by exposing localized super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) to external alternating magnetic fields generated by a solenoid electrical circuit (Zhao et al., Theranostics 2012). Alternatively, an RF pulse technique implemented in a regular MRI system is explored as a possible hyperthermia induction technique . Methods: A new thermal RF pulse sequence was developed using the Philips pulse programming tool for the 3T Ingenia MRI system to provide a sinusoidal magnetic field alternating at the frequency of 1.43 kHz (multiples of sine waves of 0.7 ms period) before each excitationmore » RF pulse for imaging. The duration of each thermal RF pulse routine was approximately 3 min, and the thermal pulse was applied multiple times to a phantom that contains different concentrations (high, medium and low) of SPION samples. After applying the thermal pulse each time, the temperature change was estimated by measuring the phase changes in the T1-weighted inversion-prepared multi-shot turbo field echo (TFE) sequence (TR=5.5 ms, TE=2.7 ms, inversion time=200 ms). Results: The phase values and relative differences among them changed as the number of applied thermal RF pulses increased. After the 5th application of the thermal RF pulse, the relative phase differences increased significantly, suggesting the thermal activation of the SPION. The increase of the phase difference was approximately linear with the SPION concentration. Conclusion: A sinusoidal RF pulse from the MRI system may be utilized to selectively thermally activate tissues containing super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.« less

Conformational Properties of Seven Toac-Labeled Angiotensin I Analogues Correlate with Their Muscle Contraction Activity and Their Ability to Act as ACE Substrates.

PubMed

Teixeira, Luis Gustavo D; Malavolta, Luciana; Bersanetti, Patrícia A; Schreier, Shirley; Carmona, Adriana K; Nakaie, Clovis R

2015-01-01

Conformational properties of the angiotensin II precursor, angiotensin I (AngI) and analogues containing the paramagnetic amino acid TOAC (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid) at positions 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 9, and 10, were examined by EPR, CD, and fluorescence. The conformational data were correlated to their activity in muscle contraction experiments and to their properties as substrates of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). Biological activity studies indicated that TOAC0-AngI and TOAC1-AngI maintained partial potency in guinea pig ileum and rat uterus. Kinetic parameters revealed that only derivatives labeled closer to the N-terminus (positions 0, 1, 3, and 5) were hydrolyzed by ACE, indicating that peptides bearing the TOAC moiety far from the ACE cleavage site (Phe8-His9 peptide bond) were susceptible to hydrolysis, albeit less effectively than the parent compound. CD spectra indicated that AngI exhibited a flexible structure resulting from equilibrium between different conformers. While the conformation of N-terminally-labeled derivatives was similar to that of the native peptide, a greater propensity to acquire folded structures was observed for internally-labeled, as well as C-terminally labeled, analogues. These structures were stabilized in secondary structure-inducing agent, TFE. Different analogues gave rise to different β-turns. EPR spectra in aqueous solution also distinguished between N-terminally, internally-, and C-terminally labeled peptides, yielding narrower lines, indicative of greater mobility for the former. Interestingly, the spectra of peptides labeled at, or close, to the C-terminus, showed that the motion in this part of the peptides was intermediate between that of N-terminally and internally-labeled peptides, in agreement with the suggestion of turn formation provided by the CD spectra. Quenching of the Tyr4 fluorescence by the differently positioned TOAC residues corroborated the data obtained by the other spectroscopic techniques. Lastly, we demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring the progress of ACE-catalyzed hydrolysis of TOAC-labeled peptides by following time-dependent changes in their EPR spectra.

Conformational Properties of Seven Toac-Labeled Angiotensin I Analogues Correlate with Their Muscle Contraction Activity and Their Ability to Act as ACE Substrates

PubMed Central

Teixeira, Luis Gustavo D.; Malavolta, Luciana; Bersanetti, Patrícia A.; Schreier, Shirley; Carmona, Adriana K.; Nakaie, Clovis R.

2015-01-01

Conformational properties of the angiotensin II precursor, angiotensin I (AngI) and analogues containing the paramagnetic amino acid TOAC (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid) at positions 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 9, and 10, were examined by EPR, CD, and fluorescence. The conformational data were correlated to their activity in muscle contraction experiments and to their properties as substrates of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). Biological activity studies indicated that TOAC0-AngI and TOAC1-AngI maintained partial potency in guinea pig ileum and rat uterus. Kinetic parameters revealed that only derivatives labeled closer to the N-terminus (positions 0, 1, 3, and 5) were hydrolyzed by ACE, indicating that peptides bearing the TOAC moiety far from the ACE cleavage site (Phe8-His9 peptide bond) were susceptible to hydrolysis, albeit less effectively than the parent compound. CD spectra indicated that AngI exhibited a flexible structure resulting from equilibrium between different conformers. While the conformation of N-terminally-labeled derivatives was similar to that of the native peptide, a greater propensity to acquire folded structures was observed for internally-labeled, as well as C-terminally labeled, analogues. These structures were stabilized in secondary structure-inducing agent, TFE. Different analogues gave rise to different β-turns. EPR spectra in aqueous solution also distinguished between N-terminally, internally-, and C-terminally labeled peptides, yielding narrower lines, indicative of greater mobility for the former. Interestingly, the spectra of peptides labeled at, or close, to the C-terminus, showed that the motion in this part of the peptides was intermediate between that of N-terminally and internally-labeled peptides, in agreement with the suggestion of turn formation provided by the CD spectra. Quenching of the Tyr4 fluorescence by the differently positioned TOAC residues corroborated the data obtained by the other spectroscopic techniques. Lastly, we demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring the progress of ACE-catalyzed hydrolysis of TOAC-labeled peptides by following time-dependent changes in their EPR spectra. PMID:26317625

Conformational Dissection of a Viral Intrinsically Disordered Domain Involved in Cellular Transformation

PubMed Central

Perrone, Sebastián; Salvay, Andres G.; Chemes, Lucía B.; de Prat-Gay, Gonzalo

2013-01-01

Intrinsic disorder is abundant in viral genomes and provides conformational plasticity to its protein products. In order to gain insight into its structure-function relationships, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of structural propensities within the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain from the human papillomavirus type-16 E7 oncoprotein (E7N). Two E7N segments located within the conserved CR1 and CR2 regions present transient α-helix structure. The helix in the CR1 region spans residues L8 to L13 and overlaps with the E2F mimic linear motif. The second helix, located within the highly acidic CR2 region, presents a pH-dependent structural transition. At neutral pH the helix spans residues P17 to N29, which include the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor LxCxE binding motif (residues 21–29), while the acidic CKII-PEST region spanning residues E33 to I38 populates polyproline type II (PII) structure. At pH 5.0, the CR2 helix propagates up to residue I38 at the expense of loss of PII due to charge neutralization of acidic residues. Using truncated forms of HPV-16 E7, we confirmed that pH-induced changes in α-helix content are governed by the intrinsically disordered E7N domain. Interestingly, while at both pH the region encompassing the LxCxE motif adopts α-helical structure, the isolated 21–29 fragment including this stretch is unable to populate an α-helix even at high TFE concentrations. Thus, the E7N domain can populate dynamic but discrete structural ensembles by sampling α-helix-coil-PII-ß-sheet structures. This high plasticity may modulate the exposure of linear binding motifs responsible for its multi-target binding properties, leading to interference with key cell signaling pathways and eventually to cellular transformation by the virus. PMID:24086265

The amino acid transporter SLC36A4 regulates the amino acid pool in retinal pigmented epithelial cells and mediates the mechanistic target of rapamycin, complex 1 signaling.

PubMed

Shang, Peng; Valapala, Mallika; Grebe, Rhonda; Hose, Stacey; Ghosh, Sayan; Bhutto, Imran A; Handa, James T; Lutty, Gerard A; Lu, Lixia; Wan, Jun; Qian, Jiang; Sergeev, Yuri; Puertollano, Rosa; Zigler, J Samuel; Xu, Guo-Tong; Sinha, Debasish

2017-04-01

The dry (nonneovascular) form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness in the elderly, has few, if any, treatment options at present. It is characterized by early accumulation of cellular waste products in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE); rejuvenating impaired lysosome function in RPE is a well-justified target for treatment. It is now clear that amino acids and vacuolar-type H + -ATPase (V-ATPase) regulate the mechanistic target of rapamycin, complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in lysosomes. Here, we provide evidence for the first time that the amino acid transporter SLC36A4/proton-dependent amino acid transporter (PAT4) regulates the amino acid pool in the lysosomes of RPE. In Cryba1 (gene encoding βA3/A1-crystallin) KO (knockout) mice, where PAT4 and amino acid levels are increased in the RPE, the transcription factors EB (TFEB) and E3 (TFE3) are retained in the cytoplasm, even after 24 h of fasting. Consequently, genes in the coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation (CLEAR) network are not activated, and lysosomal function remains low. As these mice age, expression of RPE65 and lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), two vital visual cycle proteins, decreases in the RPE. A defective visual cycle would possibly slow down the regeneration of new photoreceptor outer segments (POS). Further, photoreceptor degeneration also becomes obvious during aging, reminiscent of human dry AMD disease. Electron microscopy shows basal laminar deposits in Bruch's membrane, a hallmark of development of AMD. For dry AMD patients, targeting PAT4/V-ATPase in the lysosomes of RPE cells may be an effective means of preventing or delaying disease progression. © 2017 The Authors. Aging Cell published by the Anatomical Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma as part of histologically discordant multifocal renal cell carcinoma: A case report and review of literature.

PubMed

Shao, Tiffany; Yousef, Peter; Shipilova, Irina; Saleeb, Rola; Lee, Jason Y; Krizova, Adriana

2016-03-01

Multifocal renal cell carcinoma of different histological subtypes within a single kidney is rare. We report a recently classified clear cell (tubulo) papillary renal cell carcinoma as part of an unusual case of multifocal renal cell carcinoma of discordant histological subtypes. A 57 year-old-man was found to have multiple renal tumors and cysts on imaging and underwent a laparoscopic left radical nephrectomy. Pathological review showed multifocal renal cell carcinoma (clear cell (tubulo) papillary, clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinomas and papillary adenomas). Morphology of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma was supported by immunohistochemical profile (CK7+, HMWK+, CAIX+, AMACR-, CD10-, TFE3-). This is the first report of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma as part of multifocal renal cell carcinoma of different histological subtypes. Related lineage of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma is supported by the highest prevalence of their combination within multifocal renal cell carcinoma of different histological subtypes along with their molecular interconnection. Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma may be uniquely placed between clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinomas since it shows morphological features intermediate between clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma along with overlapping but unique immunohistochemical profile. Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma may be molecularly related to clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinomas since the tumors overexpress markers of HIF pathway activation with normal/elevated VHL mRNA expression and some tumors show losses of chromosome 3. Due to the overlapping morphology, it is possible that cases of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma may have been misclassified as papillary or clear cell renal cell carcinoma in the literature, incorrectly increasing their reported prevalence. Identification of multifocal RCCs may be related to the extent of pathological sampling. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Gaskets of teflon-bonded EPDM halt leakage from acid lines - low sealing force design eliminates flange distress

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Walker, I.S.; Gaines, A.

1987-11-01

The W.R. Grace Chemical Division plant in Lake Charles, LA had to stop producing catalysts for the oil refining industry whenever a piping system for 98% sulfuric acid developed a leak. Gaskets of a nonasbestos material were being used between the flanges of the steel pipe lined with TFE or polypropylene. The flange bolts were kept tight, but the gaskets usually failed to maintain a leaktight seal with the acid at 60 psi for more than a few weeks or months. The acid lines had to be drained before the faulty gasket could be replaced, and production downtime would rangemore » from one to three hours. In July 1986, the plant decided to try a chemical resistant gasket of Teflon molded and bonded to a core of Shore A 65-66 durometer EPDM rubber in the acid lines. The resilient gasket also has patented double convex rings on both faces for optimum sealing with only one-eighth the bolt tightening torque commonly required with flat-faced gaskets. The low sealing force requirement prolongs the life of the gasket, eliminates plastic cold flow at the flange of lined steel pipe, and avoids stresses that can damage thermoplastic and fiberglass piping systems. The gasket has a temperature range of {minus}4 to 210{degree}F and is available in 1/2 through 12 inch sizes that conform to ANSI B16.1 flange dimensions. Alternative gasket materials are Kynar PVDF-bonded EPDM and EPDM without a fluoropolymer laminate. The Teflon-bonded EPDM gaskets eliminated unscheduled catalyst production downtime due to leakage from the sulfuric acid piping system. The plant maintains an inventory of the low torque gasket, but has never had to replace any that have been in service since July 1986.« less

Silence and table manners: when environments activate norms.

PubMed

Joly, Janneke F; Stapel, Diederik A; Lindenberg, Siegwart M

2008-08-01

Two studies tested the conditions under which an environment (e.g., library, restaurant) raises the relevance of environment-specific social norms (e.g., being quiet, using table manners). As hypothesized, the relevance of such norms is raised when environments are goal relevant ("I am going there later") and when they are humanized with people or the remnants of their presence (e.g., a glass of wine on a table). Two studies show that goal-relevant environments and humanized environments raise the perceived importance of norms (Study 1) and the intention to conform to norms (Study 2). Interestingly, in both studies, these effects reach beyond norms related to the environments used in the studies.

Experimental investigation of MRgHIFU sonication with interleaved electronic and mechanical displacement of the focal point for transrectal prostate application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petrusca, Lorena; Ngo, Jacqueline; Brasset, Lucie; Blanc, Emmanuel; Murillo, Adriana; Auboiroux, Vincent; Cotton, François; Chapelon, Jean-Yves; Salomir, Rares

2012-08-01

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) under MRI guidance may provide minimally invasive treatment for localized prostate cancer. In this study, ex vivo and in vivo experiments were performed using a prostate-dedicated endorectal phased array (16 circular elements arranged on a truncated spherical cap of radius 60 mm) and a translation-rotation mechanical actuator in order to evaluate the lesion formation and the potential interest of dual-modality (electronic and mechanical) interleaved displacement of the focus for volumetric sonication paradigms. Different sonication sequences, including elementary lesions, line scan, slice sweeping and volume sonications, were investigated with a clinical 1.5 T MR scanner. Two orthogonal planes (axial and sagittal) were simultaneously monitored using rapid MR thermometry (PRFS method) and the temperature and thermal dose maps were displayed in real time. No RF interferences were detected in MR acquisition during sonications. The shape of the thermal lesions in vivo was examined at day 5 post-treatment by MRI follow-up (T2w sequence and Gd-T1w-TFE) and postmortem histological analysis. This study suggests that electronic displacement of the focus (along the ultrasound propagation axis) interleaved with mechanical X-Z translations and rotation around B0 can be a suitable modality to treat patient-specific sizes and shapes of a pathologic tissue. The electronic displacement of focus (achieved in less than 0.1 s) is an order of magnitude faster than the mechanical motion of the HIFU device (1 s latency). As an example, for an in vivo volumetric sonication with foci between 32 and 47 mm (7 successive line scans, 11 lines/slice, 4 foci/line) with applied powers between 17.4 and 39.1 Wac, a total duration of sonication of 408.1 s was required to ablate a volume of approximately 5.7 cm3 (semi-chronic lesion measured at day 5), while the maximum temperature elevation reached was 30 °C. While electronic focusing is necessary to speed up the procedure, one should consider as a potential drawback the non-negligible risk for generating secondary lobes with full steering in 3D. Reference-free PRFS thermometry accurately removed the effects of Bo dynamic perturbation in the vicinity of the moving transducer. Therefore, the dual-modality volumetric sonication paradigm represents a cost-effective technological compromise to induce the desired shape of the lesion in the prostate through the limited endorectal space, in a reasonable period of time and without side effects.

Experimental investigation of MRgHIFU sonication with interleaved electronic and mechanical displacement of the focal point for transrectal prostate application.

PubMed

Petrusca, Lorena; Ngo, Jacqueline; Brasset, Lucie; Blanc, Emmanuel; Murillo, Adriana; Auboiroux, Vincent; Cotton, François; Chapelon, Jean-Yves; Salomir, Rares

2012-08-07

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) under MRI guidance may provide minimally invasive treatment for localized prostate cancer. In this study, ex vivo and in vivo experiments were performed using a prostate-dedicated endorectal phased array (16 circular elements arranged on a truncated spherical cap of radius 60 mm) and a translation-rotation mechanical actuator in order to evaluate the lesion formation and the potential interest of dual-modality (electronic and mechanical) interleaved displacement of the focus for volumetric sonication paradigms. Different sonication sequences, including elementary lesions, line scan, slice sweeping and volume sonications, were investigated with a clinical 1.5 T MR scanner. Two orthogonal planes (axial and sagittal) were simultaneously monitored using rapid MR thermometry (PRFS method) and the temperature and thermal dose maps were displayed in real time. No RF interferences were detected in MR acquisition during sonications. The shape of the thermal lesions in vivo was examined at day 5 post-treatment by MRI follow-up (T2w sequence and Gd-T1w-TFE) and postmortem histological analysis. This study suggests that electronic displacement of the focus (along the ultrasound propagation axis) interleaved with mechanical X-Z translations and rotation around B(0) can be a suitable modality to treat patient-specific sizes and shapes of a pathologic tissue. The electronic displacement of focus (achieved in less than 0.1 s) is an order of magnitude faster than the mechanical motion of the HIFU device (1 s latency). As an example, for an in vivo volumetric sonication with foci between 32 and 47 mm (7 successive line scans, 11 lines/slice, 4 foci/line) with applied powers between 17.4 and 39.1 Wac, a total duration of sonication of 408.1 s was required to ablate a volume of approximately 5.7 cm(3) (semi-chronic lesion measured at day 5), while the maximum temperature elevation reached was 30 °C. While electronic focusing is necessary to speed up the procedure, one should consider as a potential drawback the non-negligible risk for generating secondary lobes with full steering in 3D. Reference-free PRFS thermometry accurately removed the effects of B(o) dynamic perturbation in the vicinity of the moving transducer. Therefore, the dual-modality volumetric sonication paradigm represents a cost-effective technological compromise to induce the desired shape of the lesion in the prostate through the limited endorectal space, in a reasonable period of time and without side effects.

Robustness of meta-analyses in finding gene × environment interactions

PubMed Central

Shi, Gang; Nehorai, Arye

2017-01-01

Meta-analyses that synthesize statistical evidence across studies have become important analytical tools for genetic studies. Inspired by the success of genome-wide association studies of the genetic main effect, researchers are searching for gene × environment interactions. Confounders are routinely included in the genome-wide gene × environment interaction analysis as covariates; however, this does not control for any confounding effects on the results if covariate × environment interactions are present. We carried out simulation studies to evaluate the robustness to the covariate × environment confounder for meta-regression and joint meta-analysis, which are two commonly used meta-analysis methods for testing the gene × environment interaction or the genetic main effect and interaction jointly. Here we show that meta-regression is robust to the covariate × environment confounder while joint meta-analysis is subject to the confounding effect with inflated type I error rates. Given vast sample sizes employed in genome-wide gene × environment interaction studies, non-significant covariate × environment interactions at the study level could substantially elevate the type I error rate at the consortium level. When covariate × environment confounders are present, type I errors can be controlled in joint meta-analysis by including the covariate × environment terms in the analysis at the study level. Alternatively, meta-regression can be applied, which is robust to potential covariate × environment confounders. PMID:28362796

Gene-environment studies: any advantage over environmental studies?

PubMed

Bermejo, Justo Lorenzo; Hemminki, Kari

2007-07-01

Gene-environment studies have been motivated by the likely existence of prevalent low-risk genes that interact with common environmental exposures. The present study assessed the statistical advantage of the simultaneous consideration of genes and environment to investigate the effect of environmental risk factors on disease. In particular, we contemplated the possibility that several genes modulate the environmental effect. Environmental exposures, genotypes and phenotypes were simulated according to a wide range of parameter settings. Different models of gene-gene-environment interaction were considered. For each parameter combination, we estimated the probability of detecting the main environmental effect, the power to identify the gene-environment interaction and the frequency of environmentally affected individuals at which environmental and gene-environment studies show the same statistical power. The proportion of cases in the population attributable to the modeled risk factors was also calculated. Our data indicate that environmental exposures with weak effects may account for a significant proportion of the population prevalence of the disease. A general result was that, if the environmental effect was restricted to rare genotypes, the power to detect the gene-environment interaction was higher than the power to identify the main environmental effect. In other words, when few individuals contribute to the overall environmental effect, individual contributions are large and result in easily identifiable gene-environment interactions. Moreover, when multiple genes interacted with the environment, the statistical benefit of gene-environment studies was limited to those studies that included major contributors to the gene-environment interaction. The advantage of gene-environment over plain environmental studies also depends on the inheritance mode of the involved genes, on the study design and, to some extend, on the disease prevalence.

The association between community environment and cognitive function: a systematic review.

PubMed

Wu, Yu-Tzu; Prina, A Matthew; Brayne, Carol

2015-03-01

The aim of this study is to review the published evidence on the association between community environment and cognitive function in older people, focusing on the findings and a critique of the existing studies. A literature search was conducted to identify studies linking the community environment and cognitive function in older people. The results and methodological factors, including the definition of community, individual level characteristics and the measurements of cognitive function and community environment were extracted from each study. The measurements of community environment were mainly categorized into two types: compositional, generated by aggregating individual and household data (community-level socioeconomic status, deprivation index) and contextual, targeting at the features of built or social environment in local areas (green space, street conditions, crime rate). Fourteen of the fifteen studies used compositional measurements such as community-level socioeconomic status and deprivation index and significant associations were found in eleven studies. Some individual level factors (ethnicity, genotype and socioeconomic status) were found to modify the association between community environment and cognitive function. Few contextual measurements were included in the existing studies. A conceptual framework for the pathway from community environment to cognitive function of older people is provided in this review. To disentangle the additional effect of place from individual risk factors and investigate the casual direction of community environment and cognition in later life, longitudinal studies with measurements targeting built and social environments of community and change of cognitive functions over time need to be included in future studies.

Is the objective food environment associated with perceptions of the food environment?

PubMed

Williams, Lauren K; Thornton, Lukar; Ball, Kylie; Crawford, David

2012-02-01

The present study examined whether objective measures of the food environment are associated with perceptions of the food environment and whether this relationship varies by socio-economic disadvantage. The study is a cross-sectional analysis of self-report surveys and objective environment data. Women reported their perceptions on the nutrition environment. Participants' homes and food stores were geocoded to measure the objective community nutrition environment. Data on the average price and variety of fruit and vegetables were used to measure the objective consumer nutrition environment. The study was conducted in Melbourne, Australia, in 2003-2004. Data presented are from a sample of 1393 women aged 18-65 years. Overall the match between the perceived and objective environment was poor, underscoring the limitations in using perceptions of the environment as a proxy for the objective environment. Socio-economic disadvantage had limited impact on the relationship between perceived and objective nutrition environment. Further research is needed to understand the determinants of perceptions of the nutrition environment to enhance our understanding of the role of perceptions in nutrition choices and drivers of socio-economic inequalities in nutrition.

Metacognitive components in smart learning environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sumadyo, M.; Santoso, H. B.; Sensuse, D. I.

2018-03-01

Metacognitive ability in digital-based learning process helps students in achieving learning goals. So that digital-based learning environment should make the metacognitive component as a facility that must be equipped. Smart Learning Environment is the concept of a learning environment that certainly has more advanced components than just a digital learning environment. This study examines the metacognitive component of the smart learning environment to support the learning process. A review of the metacognitive literature was conducted to examine the components involved in metacognitive learning strategies. Review is also conducted on the results of study smart learning environment, ranging from design to context in building smart learning. Metacognitive learning strategies certainly require the support of adaptable, responsive and personalize learning environments in accordance with the principles of smart learning. The current study proposed the role of metacognitive component in smart learning environment, which is useful as the basis of research in building environment in smart learning.

In vitro experimental environments lacking or containing soil disparately affect competition experiments of Aspergillus flavus and co-occurring fungi in maize grains.

PubMed

Falade, Titilayo D O; Syed Mohdhamdan, Sharifah H; Sultanbawa, Yasmina; Fletcher, Mary T; Harvey, Jagger J W; Chaliha, Mridusmita; Fox, Glen P

2016-07-01

In vitro experimental environments are used to study interactions between microorganisms, and to predict dynamics in natural ecosystems. This study highlights that experimental in vitro environments should be selected to match closely the natural environment of interest during in vitro studies to strengthen extrapolations about aflatoxin production by Aspergillus and competing organisms. Fungal competition and aflatoxin accumulation were studied in soil, cotton wool or tube (water-only) environments, for Aspergillus flavus competition with Penicillium purpurogenum, Fusarium oxysporum or Sarocladium zeae within maize grains. Inoculated grains were incubated in each environment at two temperature regimes (25 and 30°C). Competition experiments showed interaction between the main effects of aflatoxin accumulation and the environment at 25°C, but not so at 30°C. However, competition experiments showed fungal populations were always interacting with their environments. Fungal survival differed after the 72-h incubation in different experimental environments. Whereas all fungi incubated within the soil environment survived, in the cotton wool environment none of the competitors of A. flavus survived at 30°C. With aflatoxin accumulation, F. oxysporum was the only fungus able to interdict aflatoxin production at both temperatures. This occurred only in the soil environment and fumonisins accumulated instead. Smallholder farmers in developing countries face serious mycotoxin contamination of their grains, and soil is a natural reservoir for the associated fungal propagules, and a drying and storage surface for grains on these farms. Studying fungal dynamics in the soil environment and other environments in vitro can provide insights into aflatoxin accumulation post-harvest.

Obesity and the community food environment: a systematic review.

PubMed

Holsten, Joanna E

2009-03-01

To examine the relationship between obesity and the community and/or consumer food environment. A comprehensive literature search of multiple databases was conducted and seven studies were identified for review. Studies were selected if they measured BMI and environmental variables related to food outlets. Environmental variables included the geographic arrangement of food stores or restaurants in communities and consumer conditions such as food price and availability within each outlet. The study designs, methods, limitations and results related to obesity and the food environment were reviewed, and implications for future research were synthesized. The reviewed studies used cross-sectional designs to examine the community food environment defined as the number per capita, proximity or density of food outlets. Most studies indirectly identified food outlets through large databases. The studies varied substantially in sample populations, outcome variables, units of measurement and data analysis. Two studies did not find any significant association between obesity rates and community food environment variables. Five studies found significant results. Many of the studies were subject to limitations that may have mitigated the validity of the results. Research examining obesity and the community or consumer food environment is at an early stage. The most pertinent gaps include primary data at the individual level, direct measures of the environment, studies examining the consumer environment and study designs involving a time sequence. Future research should directly measure multiple levels of the food environment and key confounders at the individual level.

Sample environment for in situ synchrotron corrosion studies of materials in extreme environments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Elbakhshwan, Mohamed S.; Gill, Simerjeet K.; Motta, Arthur T.

A new in situ sample environment has been designed and developed to study the interfacial interactions of nuclear cladding alloys with high temperature steam. The sample environment is particularly optimized for synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies for in situ structural analysis. The sample environment is highly corrosion resistant and can be readily adapted for steam environments. The in situ sample environment design complies with G2 ASTM standards for studying corrosion in zirconium and its alloys and offers remote temperature and pressure monitoring during the in situ data collection. The use of the in situ sample environment is exemplified by monitoringmore » the oxidation of metallic zirconium during exposure to steam at 350°C. Finally, the in situ sample environment provides a powerful tool for fundamental understanding of corrosion mechanisms by elucidating the substoichiometric oxide phases formed during early stages of corrosion, which can provide a better understanding the oxidation process.« less

Sample environment for in situ synchrotron corrosion studies of materials in extreme environments

DOE PAGES

Elbakhshwan, Mohamed S.; Gill, Simerjeet K.; Motta, Arthur T.; ...

2016-10-25

A new in situ sample environment has been designed and developed to study the interfacial interactions of nuclear cladding alloys with high temperature steam. The sample environment is particularly optimized for synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies for in situ structural analysis. The sample environment is highly corrosion resistant and can be readily adapted for steam environments. The in situ sample environment design complies with G2 ASTM standards for studying corrosion in zirconium and its alloys and offers remote temperature and pressure monitoring during the in situ data collection. The use of the in situ sample environment is exemplified by monitoringmore » the oxidation of metallic zirconium during exposure to steam at 350°C. Finally, the in situ sample environment provides a powerful tool for fundamental understanding of corrosion mechanisms by elucidating the substoichiometric oxide phases formed during early stages of corrosion, which can provide a better understanding the oxidation process.« less

Investigating Factors That Influence Students' Management of Study Environment in Online Collaborative Groupwork

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Du, Jianxia; Xu, Jianzhong; Fan, Xitao

2015-01-01

The present study examines empirical models of students' management of the learning environment in the context of online collaborative groupwork. Such environment management is an important component of students' overall self-regulated learning strategy for effective learning. Student- and group-level predictors for study environment management in…

Effective use of the built environment to manage behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: a systematic review.

PubMed

Soril, Lesley J J; Leggett, Laura E; Lorenzetti, Diane L; Silvius, James; Robertson, Duncan; Mansell, Lynne; Holroyd-Leduc, Jayna; Noseworthy, Tom W; Clement, Fiona M

2014-01-01

To determine the effectiveness of built environment interventions in managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) among residents in long-term care settings. Systematic review of literature published from 1995-2013. Studies were included if they: were randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental trials, or comparative cohort studies; were in long-term or specialized dementia care; included residents with dementia and BPSD; and examined effectiveness of a built environment intervention on frequency and/or severity of BPSD. Quality of included studies was assessed using the Downs and Black Checklist. Study design, patient population, intervention, and outcomes were extracted and narratively synthesized. Five low to moderate quality studies were included. Three categories of interventions were identified: change/redesign of existing physical space, addition of physical objects to environment, and type of living environment. One of the two studies that examined change/redesign of physical spaces reported improvements in BPSD. The addition of physical objects to an existing environment (n = 1) resulted in no difference in BPSD between treatment and control groups. The two studies that examined relocation to a novel living environment reported decreased or no difference in the severity and/or frequency of BPSD post-intervention. No studies reported worsening of BPSD following a built environment intervention. The range of built environment interventions is broad, as is the complex and multi-dimensional nature of BPSD. There is inconclusive evidence to suggest a built environment intervention which is clinically superior in long-term care settings. Further high-quality methodological and experimental studies are required to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of such interventions.

Measures of the food environment: A systematic review of the field, 2007-2015.

PubMed

Lytle, Leslie A; Sokol, Rebeccah L

2017-03-01

Many studies have examined the relationship between the food environment and health-related outcomes, but fewer consider the integrity of measures used to assess the food environment. The present review builds on and makes comparisons with a previous review examining food environment measures and expands the previous review to include a more in depth examination of reliability and validity of measures and study designs employed. We conducted a systematic review of studies measuring the food environment published between 2007 and 2015. We identified these articles through: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Global Health databases; tables of contents of relevant journals; and the National Cancer Institute's Measures of the Food Environment website. This search yielded 11,928 citations. We retained and abstracted data from 432 studies. The most common methodology used to study the food environment was geographic analysis (65% of articles) and the domination of this methodology has persisted since the last review. Only 25.9% of studies in this review reported the reliability of measures and 28.2% reported validity, but this was an improvement as compared to the earlier review. Very few of the studies reported construct validity. Studies reporting measures of the school or worksite environment have decreased since the previous review. Only 13.9% of the studies used a longitudinal design. To strengthen research examining the relationship between the food environment and population health, there is a need for robust and psychometrically-sound measures and more sophisticated study designs. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Exposure to natural environments, and photographs of natural environments, promotes more positive body image.

PubMed

Swami, Viren; Barron, David; Furnham, Adrian

2018-03-01

Five studies were conducted to understand the impact of nature exposure on body image. In three studies using different designs and outcome measures, British university students were exposed to photographs of natural or built environments. Results indicated that exposure to images of natural, but not built, environments resulted in improved state body image. In Study 4, British community participants went on a walk in a natural or built environment, with results indicating that the walk in a natural environment resulted in significantly higher state body appreciation, whereas the walk in a built environment resulted in significantly lower scores. In Study 5, British participants were recruited as they were entering a designed green space on their own volition. Results indicated that spending time in the green space led to improved state body appreciation. These results indicate that exposure to isomorphic or in-situ natural environments has positive effects on state body image. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Validation of the Clinical Learning Environment Inventory.

PubMed

Chan, Dominic S

2003-08-01

One hundred eight preregistration nursing students took part in this survey study, which assessed their perceptions of the clinical learning environment. Statistical data based on the sample confirmed the reliability and validity of the Clinical Learning Environment Inventory (CLEI), which was developed using the concept of classroom learning environment studies. The study also found that there were significant differences between students' actual and preferred perceptions of the clinical learning environments. In terms of the CLEI scales, students preferred a more positive and favorable clinical environment than they perceived as being actually present. The achievement of certain outcomes of clinical field placements might be enhanced by attempting to change the actual clinical environment in ways that make it more congruent with that preferred by the students.

Recent advances in environmental controls outside the home setting.

PubMed

Hauptman, Marissa; Phipatanakul, Wanda

2016-04-01

It has been well studied that aeroallergen, mold, and airborne pollutant exposure in the inner-city home environment is associated with significant childhood asthma morbidity. Although the home environment has been extensively studied, the school environment is less well understood. In this article, we discuss the relationship between environmental exposures within the school and daycare environment and pediatric asthma morbidity and novel environmental interventions designed to help mitigate pediatric asthma morbidity. Studies assessing environmental exposures outside the home environment and interventions to mitigate these exposures have the potential to reduce pediatric asthma morbidity. Further study in this area should focus on the complex cost benefit analyses of environmental interventions outside the home setting, while controlling for the home environment.

General and substance-specific predictors of young adult nicotine dependence, alcohol use disorder, and problem behavior: replication in two samples.

PubMed

Bailey, J A; Samek, D R; Keyes, M A; Hill, K G; Hicks, B M; McGue, M; Iacono, W G; Epstein, M; Catalano, R F; Haggerty, K P; Hawkins, J D

2014-05-01

This paper presents two replications of a heuristic model for measuring environment in studies of gene-environment interplay in the etiology of young adult problem behaviors. Data were drawn from two longitudinal, U.S. studies of the etiology of substance use and related behaviors: the Raising Healthy Children study (RHC; N=1040, 47% female) and the Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS; N=1512, 50% female). RHC included a Pacific Northwest, school-based, community sample. MTFS included twins identified from state birth records in Minnesota. Both studies included commensurate measures of general family environment and family substance-specific environments in adolescence (RHC ages 10-18; MTFS age 18), as well as young adult nicotine dependence, alcohol and illicit drug use disorders, HIV sexual risk behavior, and antisocial behavior (RHC ages 24, 25; MTFS age 25). Results from the two samples were highly consistent and largely supported the heuristic model proposed by Bailey et al. (2011). Adolescent general family environment, family smoking environment, and family drinking environment predicted shared variance in problem behaviors in young adulthood. Family smoking environment predicted unique variance in young adult nicotine dependence. Family drinking environment did not appear to predict unique variance in young adult alcohol use disorder. Organizing environmental predictors and outcomes into general and substance-specific measures provides a useful way forward in modeling complex environments and phenotypes. Results suggest that programs aimed at preventing young adult problem behaviors should target general family environment and family smoking and drinking environments in adolescence. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gene-Environment Interplay, Family Relationships, and Child Adjustment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horwitz, Briana N.; Neiderhiser, Jenae M.

2011-01-01

This paper reviews behavioral genetic research from the past decade that has moved beyond simply studying the independent influences of genes and environments. The studies considered in this review have instead focused on understanding gene-environment interplay, including genotype-environment correlation (rGE) and genotype x environment…

Usability Studies In Virtual And Traditional Computer Aided Design Environments For Spatial Awareness

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-08-08

Usability Studies In Virtual And Traditional Computer Aided Design Environments For Spatial Awareness Dr. Syed Adeel Ahmed, Xavier University of...virtual environment with wand interfaces compared directly with a workstation non-stereoscopic traditional CAD interface with keyboard and mouse. In...navigate through a virtual environment. The wand interface provides a significantly improved means of interaction. This study quantitatively measures the

Approaches to Studying and Students' Use of a Computer Supported Learning Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foster, Jonathan; Lin, Angela

2007-01-01

Although studies of students' study approaches in face to face learning environments are commonplace, studies investigating the role of students' study approaches in online learning environments is currently a less explored area. This paper presents the findings of a survey aimed at investigating the relationship between students' approaches to…

Design and analysis issues in gene and environment studies

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Both nurture (environmental) and nature (genetic factors) play an important role in human disease etiology. Traditionally, these effects have been thought of as independent. This perspective is ill informed for non-mendelian complex disorders which result as an interaction between genetics and environment. To understand health and disease we must study how nature and nurture interact. Recent advances in human genomics and high-throughput biotechnology make it possible to study large numbers of genetic markers and gene products simultaneously to explore their interactions with environment. The purpose of this review is to discuss design and analytic issues for gene-environment interaction studies in the “-omics” era, with a focus on environmental and genetic epidemiological studies. We present an expanded environmental genomic disease paradigm. We discuss several study design issues for gene-environmental interaction studies, including confounding and selection bias, measurement of exposures and genotypes. We discuss statistical issues in studying gene-environment interactions in different study designs, such as choices of statistical models, assumptions regarding biological factors, and power and sample size considerations, especially in genome-wide gene-environment studies. Future research directions are also discussed. PMID:23253229

Design and analysis issues in gene and environment studies.

PubMed

Liu, Chen-yu; Maity, Arnab; Lin, Xihong; Wright, Robert O; Christiani, David C

2012-12-19

Both nurture (environmental) and nature (genetic factors) play an important role in human disease etiology. Traditionally, these effects have been thought of as independent. This perspective is ill informed for non-mendelian complex disorders which result as an interaction between genetics and environment. To understand health and disease we must study how nature and nurture interact. Recent advances in human genomics and high-throughput biotechnology make it possible to study large numbers of genetic markers and gene products simultaneously to explore their interactions with environment. The purpose of this review is to discuss design and analytic issues for gene-environment interaction studies in the "-omics" era, with a focus on environmental and genetic epidemiological studies. We present an expanded environmental genomic disease paradigm. We discuss several study design issues for gene-environmental interaction studies, including confounding and selection bias, measurement of exposures and genotypes. We discuss statistical issues in studying gene-environment interactions in different study designs, such as choices of statistical models, assumptions regarding biological factors, and power and sample size considerations, especially in genome-wide gene-environment studies. Future research directions are also discussed.

Mineral Resources and the Environment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.

This report presents the findings and recommendations of panels created by the Committee on Mineral Resources and the Environment (COMRATE) to study four topic areas of mineral resources and the environment. The topic areas studied by the panels were: technology, supply, the environment, and demand. Section I, the report of the technology panel,…

a New Ontological Perspective for Integration of Social and Physical Environments: Disability and Rehabilitation Context

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gharebaghi, Amin; Abolfazl Mostafavi, Mir

2016-06-01

Social dimension of environment is an important aspect that should be reflected in research works related to studying the interactions between human and the environment. However, this dimension is usually neglected when representing the environment in geographic information systems for different applications. For instance, disability as a result of the interaction between human and environment is influenced by social and physical dimensions of environment. Although, this aspect is highlighted in most conceptual disability models by defining various taxonomies of the environment, from ontological perspective justifying and connecting social dimension to the physical dimension of the environment is not clearly determined. Integrating social dimension of the environment with its physical dimension for disability studies is a challenging task, which is the main objective of the present study. Here, we review some of the disability models and their perspective about classifying the environment. Then, from ontological perspective, their limitations are discussed and a new approach for the classification of concepts form the environment is presented. This approach facilitates and simplifies integration of social dimension in ontologies for more effective assessment of disability issue in Geographic Information System.

Measuring Neighborhood Walkable Environments: A Comparison of Three Approaches

PubMed Central

Chiang, Yen-Cheng; Sullivan, William; Larsen, Linda

2017-01-01

Multiple studies have revealed the impact of walkable environments on physical activity. Scholars attach considerable importance to leisure and health-related walking. Recent studies have used Google Street View as an instrument to assess city streets and walkable environments; however, no study has compared the validity of Google Street View assessments of walkable environment attributes to assessments made by local residents and compiled from field visits. In this study, we involved nearby residents and compared the extent to which Google Street View assessments of the walkable environment correlated with assessments from local residents and with field visits. We determined the assessment approaches (local resident or field visit assessments) that exhibited the highest agreement with Google Street View. One city with relatively high-quality walkable environments and one city with relatively low-quality walkable environments were examined, and three neighborhoods from each city were surveyed. Participants in each neighborhood used one of three approaches to assess the walkability of the environment: 15 local residents assessed the environment using a map, 15 participants made a field visit to assess the environment, and 15 participants used Google Street View to assess the environment, yielding a total of 90 valid samples for the two cities. Findings revealed that the three approaches to assessing neighborhood walkability were highly correlated for traffic safety, aesthetics, sidewalk quality, and physical barriers. Compared with assessments from participants making field visits, assessments by local residents were more highly correlated with Google Street View assessments. Google Street View provides a more convenient, low-cost, efficient, and safe approach to assess neighborhood walkability. The results of this study may facilitate future large-scale walkable environment surveys, effectively reduce expenses, and improve survey efficiency. PMID:28587186

Children's food store, restaurant, and home food environments and their relationship with body mass index: a pilot study.

PubMed

Holsten, Joanna E; Compher, Charlene W

2012-01-01

This pilot research assessed the feasibility and utility of a study designed to examine the relationship between children's BMI and food store, restaurant, and home food environments. Home visits were conducted with sixth-grade children (N = 12). BMI z-scores were calculated with weight and height measurements. Nutrition Environment Measures Surveys evaluated children's food environments. The study protocol involved a feasible time duration, minimal missing data for primary variables, and participant satisfaction. Potential design problems included the homogeneous store environments and low restaurant exposure of the sample recruited from one school, and the adequacy of a single cross-sectional measure of the home environment.

Literacy Behaviors of Kindergarten-Primary Children in High Stimulus-Level Literacy Environments. Part I: The Instruments. Part II: Environments and Literacy Behaviors.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Loughlin, Catherine E.; Ivener, Bonnie L.

A study of patterns of literacy behaviors in high level literacy environments with varying levels of access to the environment began with a study of the instruments involved. Goals were to: (1) examine the reliability of the Survey of Displayed Literacy Stimuli; (2) study the correlation between scores from the Survey of Displayed Literacy Stimuli…

Retail food environments research in Canada: A scoping review.

PubMed

Minaker, Leia M; Shuh, Alanna; Olstad, Dana L; Engler-Stringer, Rachel; Black, Jennifer L; Mah, Catherine L

2016-06-09

The field of retail food environments research is relatively new in Canada. The objective of this scoping review is to provide an overview of retail food environments research conducted before July 2015 in Canada. Specifically, this review describes research foci and key findings, identifies knowledge gaps and suggests future directions for research. A search of published literature concerning Canadian investigations of retail food environment settings (food stores, restaurants) was conducted in July 2015 using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsychInfo and ERIC. Studies published in English that reported qualitative or quantitative data on any aspect of the retail food environment were included, as were conceptual papers and commentaries. Eighty-eight studies were included in this review and suggest that the field of retail food environments research is rapidly expanding in Canada. While only 1 paper was published before 2005, 66 papers were published between 2010 and 2015. Canadian food environments research typically assessed either the socio-economic patterning of food environments (n = 28) or associations between retail food environments and diet, anthropometric or health outcomes (n = 33). Other papers profiled methodological research, qualitative studies, intervention research and critical commentaries (n = 27). Key gaps in the current literature include measurement inconsistency among studies and a lack of longitudinal and intervention studies. Retail food environments are a growing topic of research, policy and program development in Canada. Consistent methods (where appropriate), longitudinal and intervention research, and close partnerships between researchers and key stakeholders would greatly advance the field of retail food environments research in Canada.

The effects of different learning environments on students' motivation for learning and their achievement.

PubMed

Baeten, Marlies; Dochy, Filip; Struyven, Katrien

2013-09-01

Research in higher education on the effects of student-centred versus lecture-based learning environments generally does not take into account the psychological need support provided in these learning environments. From a self-determination theory perspective, need support is important to study because it has been associated with benefits such as autonomous motivation and achievement. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of different learning environments on students' motivation for learning and achievement, while taking into account the perceived need support. First-year student teachers (N= 1,098) studying a child development course completed questionnaires assessing motivation and perceived need support. In addition, a prior knowledge test and case-based assessment were administered. A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design was set up consisting of four learning environments: (1) lectures, (2) case-based learning (CBL), (3) alternation of lectures and CBL, and (4) gradual implementation with lectures making way for CBL. Autonomous motivation and achievement were higher in the gradually implemented CBL environment, compared to the CBL environment. Concerning achievement, two additional effects were found; students in the lecture-based learning environment scored higher than students in the CBL environment, and students in the gradually implemented CBL environment scored higher than students in the alternated learning environment. Additionally, perceived need support was positively related to autonomous motivation, and negatively to controlled motivation. The study shows the importance of gradually introducing students to CBL, in terms of their autonomous motivation and achievement. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of perceived need support for students' motivation. © 2012 The British Psychological Society.

Sociocultural Perspective of Science in Online Learning Environments. Communities of Practice in Online Learning Environments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Erdogan, Niyazi

2016-01-01

Present study reviews empirical research studies related to learning science in online learning environments as a community. Studies published between 1995 and 2015 were searched by using ERIC and EBSCOhost databases. As a result, fifteen studies were selected for review. Identified studies were analyzed with a qualitative content analysis method…

Design Fixation in the Wild: Design Environments and Their Influence on Fixation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Youmans, Robert J.

2011-01-01

Many studies of design fixation ask designers to work in controlled laboratory or classroom environments, but innovative design work frequently occurs in dynamic, social environments. The two studies reviewed in this paper investigated how three independent variables likely to be present in many design environments affect design fixation. The…

A Simultaneous Mobile E-Learning Environment and Application

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karal, Hasan; Bahcekapili, Ekrem; Yildiz, Adil

2010-01-01

The purpose of the present study was to design a mobile learning environment that enables the use of a teleconference application used in simultaneous e-learning with mobile devices and to evaluate this mobile learning environment based on students' views. With the mobile learning environment developed in the study, the students are able to follow…

Turkish High School Student's Perceptions of Learning Environment in Biology Classrooms and Their Attitudes toward Biology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cakiroglu, Jale; Telli, Sibel; Cakiroglu, Erdinc

The purpose of this study was to examine Turkish high school students' perceptions of learning environment in biology classrooms and to investigate relationships between learning environment and students' attitudes toward biology. Secondly, the study aimed to investigate the differences in students' perceptions of learning environments in biology…

Academic Performance of Students without Disabilities in the Inclusive Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fruth, Jason D.; Woods, Melanie N.

2015-01-01

This study examines the impact of inclusion on secondary students by focusing on the performance of students without disabilities in the inclusive environment compared to their performance in a segregated environment. Many studies exist demonstrating the positive impact of the inclusive environment on the performance of students with disabilities.…

Childhood quality influences genetic sensitivity to environmental influences across adulthood: A life-course Gene × Environment interaction study.

PubMed

Keers, Robert; Pluess, Michael

2017-12-01

While environmental adversity has been shown to increase risk for psychopathology, individuals differ in their sensitivity to these effects. Both genes and childhood experiences are thought to influence sensitivity to the environment, and these factors may operate synergistically such that the effects of childhood experiences on later sensitivity are greater in individuals who are more genetically sensitive. In line with this hypothesis, several recent studies have reported a significant three-way interaction (Gene × Environment × Environment) between two candidate genes and childhood and adult environment on adult psychopathology. We aimed to replicate and extend these findings in a large, prospective multiwave longitudinal study using a polygenic score of environmental sensitivity and objectively measured childhood and adult material environmental quality. We found evidence for both Environment × Environment and Gene × Environment × Environment effects on psychological distress. Children with a poor-quality material environment were more sensitive to the negative effects of a poor environment as adults, reporting significantly higher psychological distress scores. These effects were further moderated by a polygenic score of environmental sensitivity. Genetically sensitive children were more vulnerable to adversity as adults, if they had experienced a poor childhood environment but were significantly less vulnerable if their childhood environment was positive. These findings are in line with the differential susceptibility hypothesis and suggest that a life course approach is necessary to elucidate the role of Gene × Environment in the development of mental illnesses.

Nursing students' perceptions of learning in practice environments: a review.

PubMed

Henderson, Amanda; Cooke, Marie; Creedy, Debra K; Walker, Rachel

2012-04-01

Effective clinical learning requires integration of nursing students into ward activities, staff engagement to address individual student learning needs, and innovative teaching approaches. Assessing characteristics of practice environments can provide useful insights for development. This study identified predominant features of clinical learning environments from nursing students' perspectives across studies using the same measure in different countries over the last decade. Six studies, from three different countries, using the Clinical Leaning Environment Inventory (CLEI) were reviewed. Studies explored consistent trends about learning environment. Students rated sense of task accomplishment high. Affiliation also rated highly though was influenced by models of care. Feedback measuring whether students' individual needs and views were accommodated consistently rated lower. Across different countries students report similar perceptions about learning environments. Clinical learning environments are most effective in promoting safe practice and are inclusive of student learners, but not readily open to innovation and challenges to routine practices. Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A multi-method study on the quality of the nurse work environment in acute-care hospitals: positioning Switzerland in the Magnet hospital research.

PubMed

Desmedt, M; De Geest, S; Schubert, M; Schwendimann, R; Ausserhofer, D

2012-12-21

Magnet hospitals share nurse work environment characteristics associated with superior patient, nurse and financial outcomes. In Switzerland, however, it is uncertain how nurses appraise their work environments. To describe the quality of the nurse work environment in 35 Swiss acute care hospitals and to benchmark findings based on international Magnet hospital research. This study used two data sources: (1) the Swiss arm of the RN4CAST study; and (2) a structured literature review. Hospitals were categorised based on Magnet and non-Magnet data. Our outcome variable of interest was the quality of nurse work environment measured with the Practice Environment Scale of the Nurse Work Index (PES-NWI). We reviewed 13 American, Canadian, and Australian studies of acute-care hospitals. Three provided Magnet hospitals' nurse work environment data, and all included non-Magnet hospitals' data. Swiss hospitals' evaluations on nurse work environment quality varied widely, but 25% achieved scores indicating "Magnet nurse work environments". Swiss hospitals' average "Nursing manager ability" subscale scores fulfilled Magnet hospital criteria, although "Nurse participation in hospital affairs" and "Nursing staffing and resource adequacy" scores neared non-Magnet levels. On average, our results indicated high quality nurse work environments in Swiss hospitals. Implementing Magnet model organisational principles might be a valuable approach for Swiss acute-care hospitals to both improve mixed and unfavourable nurse work environments and to improve nurse and patient outcomes. National benchmarking of nurse work environments and other nurse-sensitive indicators may facilitate evaluating the impact of current developments in Swiss healthcare.

The Literacy Environment of Early Childhood Special Education Classrooms: Predictors of Print Knowledge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dynia, Jaclyn M.

2012-01-01

The present study aimed to examine the quality of the classroom literacy environment in early childhood special education (ECSE) classrooms, as well as the relations between the classroom literacy environment and children's gains in print knowledge. To address these aims, the present study described the classroom literacy environments of 28…