Sample records for epa method to15

  1. SUPPLEMENT TO EPA COMPENDIUM METHOD TO-15 - REDUCTION OF METHOD DETECTION LIMITS TO MEET VAPOR INTRUSION MONITORING NEEDS

    EPA Science Inventory

    The Supplement to EPA Compendium Method TO-15 provides guidance for reducing the method detection limit (MDL) for the compound 1,1- dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) and for other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from 0.5 ppbv, as cited in Method TO-15, to much lower concentrations. R...

  2. SUPPLEMENT TO EPA COMPENDIUM METHOD TO-15 - REDUCTION OF METHOD DETECTION LIMITS TO MEET VAPOR INTRUSION MONITORING NEEDS

    EPA Science Inventory

    The Supplement to EPA Compendium Method TO-15 provides guidance for reducing the method detection limit (MDL) for the compound 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) and for other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from 0.5 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), as cited in Method TO-15, to ...

  3. Development of EPA`s new methods to quantify vector attraction of wastewater sludges

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Farrell, J.B.; Bhide, V.; Smith, J.E. Jr.

    1996-05-01

    EPA`s 1979 and 1993 sludge regulations require that sewage sludge be reduced in vector attraction before it can be applied to the land. In the 1979 regulation, satisfactory vector attraction reduction (VAR) could be demonstrated if treatment processes reduced the volatile solids content of sludge by 38%. The 1993 regulation adds two alternative test methods for aerobic sludges for determining whether VAR has been adequate. In the first method, specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) of the sludge must be <1.5 mg O{sub 2}/hr/g total solids, and in the second method, the additional volatile solids reduction (AVSR) that occurs when themore » sludge is further digested for 30 days must be <15%. Experimentation with the new tests is described. Comparisons among the three methods showed that the 38% VSR requirement and the SOUR test were equivalent only near 20{degree}C. The AVSR test was more conservative than either of the other tests. 18 refs., 7 figs., 3 tabs.« less

  4. METHOD TO-15 SUPPLEMENT-ANALYSIS OF 1,1-DCE AT PPTV CONCENTRATIONS

    EPA Science Inventory

    The Supplement to EPA Compendium Method TO-15 provides guidance for reducing the method detection limit (MDL) for the compound 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) and for other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from 0.5 ppbv, as cited in Method TO-15, to much lower concentrations. Revis...

  5. 40 CFR Appendix D to Part 63 - Alternative Validation Procedure for EPA Waste and Wastewater Methods

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Alternative Validation Procedure for EPA Waste and Wastewater Methods D Appendix D to Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) Pt. 63, App. D Appendix D to Part 63—Alternative Validation...

  6. 40 CFR Appendix D to Part 63 - Alternative Validation Procedure for EPA Waste and Wastewater Methods

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Alternative Validation Procedure for EPA Waste and Wastewater Methods D Appendix D to Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) Pt. 63, App. D Appendix D to Part 63—Alternative Validation...

  7. 40 CFR Appendix D to Part 63 - Alternative Validation Procedure for EPA Waste and Wastewater Methods

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Alternative Validation Procedure for EPA Waste and Wastewater Methods D Appendix D to Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) Pt. 63, App. D Appendix D to Part 63—Alternative Validation...

  8. Application of passive sorbent tube and canister samplers for volatile organic compounds at refinery fenceline locations in Whiting, Indiana

    EPA Science Inventory

    Select volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air were measured at four fenceline sites at a petroleum refinery in Whiting, Indiana, USA using modified EPA Method 325 A/B with passive tubes and EPA Compendium Method TO-15 with canister samplers. One-week, time-integrated s...

  9. Optimization of one-step in situ transesterification method for accurate quantification of EPA in Nannochloropsis gaditana

    DOE PAGES

    Tang, Yuting; Zhang, Yue; Rosenberg, Julian N.; ...

    2016-11-08

    Microalgae are a valuable source of lipid feedstocks for biodiesel and valuable omega-3 fatty acids. Nannochloropsis gaditana has emerged as a promising producer of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) due to its fast growth rate and high EPA content. In the present study, the fatty acid profile of Nannochloropsis gaditana was found to be naturally high in EPA and devoid of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), thereby providing an opportunity to maximize the efficacy of EPA production. Using an optimized one-step in situ transesterification method (methanol:biomass = 90 mL/g; HCl 5% by vol.; 70 °C; 1.5 h), the maximum fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)more » yield of Nannochloropsis gaditana cultivated under rich condition was quantified as 10.04% ± 0.08% by weight with EPA-yields as high as 4.02% ± 0.17% based on dry biomass. The total FAME and EPA yields were 1.58- and 1.23-fold higher separately than that obtained using conventional two-step method (solvent system: methanol and chloroform). Furthermore, this one-step in situ method provides a fast and simple method to measure fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yields and could serve as a promising method to generate eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester from microalgae.« less

  10. Optimization of one-step in situ transesterification method for accurate quantification of EPA in Nannochloropsis gaditana

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tang, Yuting; Zhang, Yue; Rosenberg, Julian N.

    Microalgae are a valuable source of lipid feedstocks for biodiesel and valuable omega-3 fatty acids. Nannochloropsis gaditana has emerged as a promising producer of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) due to its fast growth rate and high EPA content. In the present study, the fatty acid profile of Nannochloropsis gaditana was found to be naturally high in EPA and devoid of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), thereby providing an opportunity to maximize the efficacy of EPA production. Using an optimized one-step in situ transesterification method (methanol:biomass = 90 mL/g; HCl 5% by vol.; 70 °C; 1.5 h), the maximum fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)more » yield of Nannochloropsis gaditana cultivated under rich condition was quantified as 10.04% ± 0.08% by weight with EPA-yields as high as 4.02% ± 0.17% based on dry biomass. The total FAME and EPA yields were 1.58- and 1.23-fold higher separately than that obtained using conventional two-step method (solvent system: methanol and chloroform). Furthermore, this one-step in situ method provides a fast and simple method to measure fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yields and could serve as a promising method to generate eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester from microalgae.« less

  11. EPA Air Method, Toxic Organics - 15 (TO-15): Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Air Collected in Specially-Prepared Canisters and Analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Method T)-15 describes procedures for for preparation and analysis of air samples containing volatile organic compounds collected in specially-prepared canisters, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

  12. Using d15N of Chironomidae to help assess lake condition and possible stressors in EPA?s National Lakes Assessment.

    EPA Science Inventory

    Background/Questions/Methods As interest in continental-scale ecology increases to address large-scale ecological problems, ecologists need indicators of complex processes that can be collected quickly at many sites across large areas. We are exploring the utility of stable isot...

  13. Logistics, Multimodal, and Shipper Partner 2.0.15 Tools: Guide to Importing Carrier Data Using the Outside Data Import Function 2015 Data Year - United States Version

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This document provides guidance for Logistics, Multi-modal, and Shippers on how to use outside data collection systems to populate the SmartWay tools carrier data and activity sections using an automated method. (EPA publication # EPA-420-B-16-057a)

  14. Notification: Methods for Procuring Supplies and Services Under Simplified Acquisition Procedures

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OA-FY15-0193, June 18, 2015. The EPA OIG plans to begin the preliminary research phase of auditing the methods used in procuring supplies and services under simplified acquisition procedures.

  15. 40 CFR 1068.15 - What general provisions apply for EPA decision-making?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What general provisions apply for EPA decision-making? 1068.15 Section 1068.15 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Miscellaneous Provisions § 1068.15 What general provisions apply for EPA decision-making? (a) The Administrator...

  16. Mechanisms of Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Loss from Pacific Saury and Comparison of Their Retention Rates after Various Cooking Methods.

    PubMed

    Cheung, Lennie K Y; Tomita, Haruo; Takemori, Toshikazu

    2016-08-01

    The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) contents of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira), a fatty fish and staple of the Japanese diet, have been reported to decrease after cooking. This study compared the DHA and EPA contents remaining in saury after grilling, pan-frying or deep-frying to center temperatures of 75, 85, or 95 °C, and examined physical loss, lipid oxidation, and thermal degradation as mechanisms of DHA and EPA loss. Temperature changes inside the saury were monitored using thermocouples, while DHA and EPA contents, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and measurements of lipid oxidation (that is, carbonyl value and thiobarbituric acid value) were determined chemically. Visualization of temperature distribution inside fish samples during cooking revealed large differences in heat transfer among cooking methods. True retention rates in grilled (DHA: 84 ± 15%; EPA: 87 ± 14%) and pan-fried samples (DHA: 85 ± 16%; EPA: 77 ± 17%) were significantly higher than deep-fried samples (DHA: 58 ± 17%; EPA: 51 ± 18%), but were not affected by final center temperatures despite differences in cooking times. Physical loss via cooking losses (grilling and pan-frying) or migration into frying oil (deep-frying) accounted for large quantities of DHA and EPA loss, while lipid oxidation and thermal degradation did not appear to be major mechanisms of loss. The antioxidant capacity of saury was not significantly affected by cooking treatments. The results of this study suggest that minimization of physical losses during cooking may increase DHA and EPA contents retained in cooked Pacific saury. © 2016 Institute of Food Technologists®

  17. 40 CFR Table 3 of Subpart Bbbbbbb... - Test Methods

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Test Methods 3 Table 3 of Subpart... 3 Table 3 of Subpart BBBBBBB of Part 63—Test Methods For * * * You must use * * * 1. Selecting the sampling locations a and the number of traverse points EPA test method 1 or 1A in appendix A to part 60. 2...

  18. 40 CFR Table 3 of Subpart Bbbbbbb... - Test Methods

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test Methods 3 Table 3 of Subpart... 3 Table 3 of Subpart BBBBBBB of Part 63—Test Methods For * * * You must use * * * 1. Selecting the sampling locations a and the number of traverse points EPA test method 1 or 1A in appendix A to part 60. 2...

  19. 40 CFR Table 3 of Subpart Bbbbbbb... - Test Methods

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test Methods 3 Table 3 of Subpart... 3 Table 3 of Subpart BBBBBBB of Part 63—Test Methods For * * * You must use * * * 1. Selecting the sampling locations a and the number of traverse points EPA test method 1 or 1A in appendix A to part 60. 2...

  20. 40 CFR Table 3 of Subpart Aaaaaaa... - Test Methods

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test Methods 3 Table 3 of Subpart..., Subpt. AAAAAAA, Table 3 Table 3 of Subpart AAAAAAA of Part 63—Test Methods For * * * You must use * * * 1. Selecting the sampling locations a and the number of traverse points EPA test method 1 or 1A in...

  1. 40 CFR Table 3 of Subpart Aaaaaaa... - Test Methods

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test Methods 3 Table 3 of Subpart..., Subpt. AAAAAAA, Table 3 Table 3 of Subpart AAAAAAA of Part 63—Test Methods For * * * You must use * * * 1. Selecting the sampling locations a and the number of traverse points EPA test method 1 or 1A in...

  2. 40 CFR Table 3 of Subpart Aaaaaaa... - Test Methods

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Test Methods 3 Table 3 of Subpart..., Subpt. AAAAAAA, Table 3 Table 3 of Subpart AAAAAAA of Part 63—Test Methods For * * * You must use * * * 1. Selecting the sampling locations a and the number of traverse points EPA test method 1 or 1A in...

  3. 75 FR 51807 - Science Advisory Board Staff Office; Notification of a Public Teleconference of the Clean Air...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-23

    ... a Public Teleconference of the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) Ambient Air Methods... announcing a public teleconference on September 15, 2010, of the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) Ambient Air Monitoring & Methods Subcommittee (AAMMS or Subcommittee) to provide advice on EPA's...

  4. REPORT OF THE DECEMBER 15, 1999 EPA SATELLITE FORUM ON OZONE MONITORING, MAPPING AND PUBLIC OUTREACH

    EPA Science Inventory

    This report provides a summary of the US EPA's December 15, 1999 satellite forum on technology transfer tools for ozone monitoring, mapping, and public outreach under the EPA Environmental Monitoring for Public Access and Community Tracking (EMPACT) Program's Ozone Mapping Projec...

  5. Notification: EPA Benefits from STAR Grant Results

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OPE-FY15-0017, January 15, 2015. The Office of Inspector General (OIG) for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) plans to begin preliminary research on results from Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grants.

  6. Impact of EPA ingestion on COX- and LOX-mediated eicosanoid synthesis in skin with and without a pro-inflammatory UVR challenge – Report of a randomised controlled study in humans

    PubMed Central

    Pilkington, Suzanne M; Rhodes, Lesley E; Al-Aasswad, Naser M I; Massey, Karen A; Nicolaou, Anna

    2014-01-01

    Scope Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), abundant in oily fish, is reported to reduce skin inflammation and provide photoprotection, potential mechanisms include competition with arachidonic acid (AA) for metabolism by cyclooxygenases/lipoxygenases to less pro-inflammatory mediators. We thus examine impact of EPA intake on levels of AA, EPA and their resulting eicosanoids in human skin with or without ultraviolet radiation (UVR) challenge. Methods and results In a double-blind randomised controlled study, 79 females took 5 g EPA-rich or control lipid for 12 wk. Pre- and post-supplementation, red blood cell and skin polyunsaturated fatty acids were assessed by GC, and eicosanoids from unexposed and UVR-exposed skin by LC-MS/MS. Active supplementation increased red blood cell and dermal EPA versus control (both p < 0.001), lowering relative AA:EPA content (4:1 versus 15:1 and 5:1 versus 11:1, respectively; both p < 0.001). Pre-supplementation, UVR increased PGE2, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, 12-HEPE (all p < 0.001) and PGE3 (p < 0.05). Post-EPA, PGE2 was reduced in unchallenged skin (p < 0.05) while EPA-derived PGE3 (non-sign) and 12-HEPE (p < 0.01) were elevated post-UVR. Thus, post-EPA, PGE2:PGE3 was lower in unchallenged (12:1 versus 28:1; p < 0.05) and UVR exposed (12:1 versus 54:1; p < 0.01) skin; 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids:12-HEPE was lower in UVR-exposed skin (3:1 versus 11:1; p < 0.001). Conclusion Dietary EPA augments skin EPA:AA content, shifting eicosanoid synthesis towards less pro-inflammatory species, and promoting a regulatory milieu under basal conditions and in response to inflammatory insult. PMID:24311515

  7. Notification: Evaluation of EPA Policies and Responsiveness to Public Petitions on Pesticide Issues

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OPE-FY15-0004, October 15, 2014. The EPA OIG plans to begin preliminary research on the agency's Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (OCSPP) process for responding to public petitions.

  8. 40 CFR 67.41 - When EPA may review.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false When EPA may review. 67.41 Section 67.41 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) EPA APPROVAL OF STATE NONCOMPLIANCE PENALTY PROGRAM EPA Review of State Penalty Assessments § 67.41 When EPA...

  9. 40 CFR 67.41 - When EPA may review.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false When EPA may review. 67.41 Section 67.41 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) EPA APPROVAL OF STATE NONCOMPLIANCE PENALTY PROGRAM EPA Review of State Penalty Assessments § 67.41 When EPA...

  10. Valuation of damages to recreational trout fishing in the Upper Northeast due to acidic deposition

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Englin, J.E.; Cameron, T.A.; Mendelsohn, R.E.

    1991-04-01

    This report documents methods used to estimate economic models of changes in recreational fishing due to the acidic deposition. The analysis was conducted by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) and its subcontractors for the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the US Department of Energy (DOE) in support of the National Acidic Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). The primary data needed to estimate these models were collected in the 1989 Aquatic Based Recreation Survey (ABRS), which was jointly funded by the DOE and the EPA's Office of Policy Planning and Evaluation. 11 refs., 5 figs., 15 tabs.

  11. The Eicosapentaenoic Acid Metabolite 15-Deoxy-δ12,14-Prostaglandin J3 Increases Adiponectin Secretion by Adipocytes Partly via a PPARγ-Dependent Mechanism

    PubMed Central

    Lefils-Lacourtablaise, Jennifer; Socorro, Mairobys; Géloën, Alain; Daira, Patricia; Debard, Cyrille; Loizon, Emmanuelle; Guichardant, Michel; Dominguez, Zury; Vidal, Hubert; Lagarde, Michel; Bernoud-Hubac, Nathalie

    2013-01-01

    The intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are abundant in marine fish meat and oil, has been shown to exert many beneficial effects. The mechanisms behind those effects are numerous, including interference with the arachidonic acid cascade that produces pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, formation of novel bioactive lipid mediators, and change in the pattern of secreted adipocytokines. In our study, we show that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) increases secreted adiponectin from 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in plasma of mice as early as 4 days after initiation of an EPA-rich diet. Using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we report for the first time that 15-deoxy-δ12,14-PGJ3 (15d-PGJ3), a product of EPA, also increases the secretion of adiponectin. We demonstrate that the increased adiponectin secretion induced by 15d-PGJ3 is partially peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ)-mediated. Finally, we show that 3T3-L1 adipocytes can synthesize 15d-PGJ3 from EPA. 15d-PGJ3 was also detected in adipose tissue from EPA-fed mice. Thus, these studies provide a novel mechanism(s) for the therapeutic benefits of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids dietary supplementation. PMID:23734181

  12. Green money

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carlowicz, Michael

    The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently requesting proposals for its first round of science research grants for 1997. The program is designed to promote interdisciplinary research in ecosystem indicators; exploratory research; complex exposures and human variability in risk assessment; endocrine disrupters; ambient air quality; health effects of particulate matter; and drinking water and contaminated sediments. Application dates vary by topic between January 15 and February 15, 1997. Further information about the grants program can be obtained on the EPA web page at http://www.epa.gov/ncerqa, or by calling the EPA grants and fellowship hotline at 1-800-490-9194.

  13. Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer Initiation in a Novel Transgenic Mouse Model by Targeting 15-Lipoxygenase-1

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-02-01

    2005) 15-lipoxygenase metabolites of γ-linolenic acid / eicosapentaenoic acid suppress growth and arachidonic acid metabolism in human prostatic...found primarily in fish oils, comprise the -3 family: Alpha linolenic acid (ALA or -96 LNA; 18:3-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5-3), and... eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) also 122 serves as a substrate for 15-LO-1 and COX-2, but metabolism of EPA by these enzymes results in 123 the formation of

  14. Notification: Review on the Effectiveness of EPA's Environmental Education Activities

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OPE-FY15-0050, October 16, 2014. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Inspector General (OIG) plans to begin preliminary research on the effectiveness of the EPA's Environmental Education activities.

  15. Base Case v.5.15 Documentation Supplement to Support the Clean Power Plan

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Learn about several modeling assumptions used as part of EPA's analysis of the Clean Power Plan (Carbon Pollution Guidelines for Existing Electric Generating Units) using the EPA v.5.15 Base Case using Integrated Planning Model (IPM).

  16. Notification: Evaluation of EPA Oversight of Disaster Debris Management

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OPE-FY15-0012, November 24, 2014. The Office of Inspector General (OIG) for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) plans to begin preliminary research on EPA's oversight of disaster debris management in December 2014.

  17. SPECIATED VOC EMISSIONS FROM MODERN GDI LIGHT ...

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Chassis dynamometer emissions testing was conducted to characterize speciated volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including mobile source air toxics (MSATs) and ozone precursors, in exhaust emissions from three modern gasoline direct injection (GDI) light-duty vehicles. Each GDI vehicle tested in this study utilized slightly different fuel injection technology: Vehicle 1 used a 2.4 liter, naturally aspirated, wall-guided GDI; Vehicle 2 used a 1.8 liter, turbocharged GDI engine; Vehicle 3 used a 1.5 liter, turbocharged, spray-guided GDI engine. Vehicle testing was conducted in a temperature controlled chassis dynamometer test cell at 22 °C over the EPA Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and a portion of the Supplemental FTP (SFTP). The FTP was conducted as a three phase cycle with a cold start, hot transient, and warm start phase (also known as the FTP-75 driving cycle). The SFTP consisted of the US06 driving cycle (conducted without the vehicle’s air conditioning on), which provides a more aggressive driving pattern than the FTP. The vehicles operated on 10 percent ethanol blended gasoline (E10). VOC emissions from diluted vehicle exhaust were sampled over each FTP phase and over the Supplemental FTP with SUMMA canisters for EPA Method TO-15 analysis and with DNPH cartridges for carbonyl analysis by EPA Method TO-11A. This presentation will report the impact of driving cycle and GDI technology on speciated MSAT emissions. MSAT emission rates will be compared

  18. Report: EPA Does Not Effectively Control or Monitor Imports of Hazardous Waste

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-P-0172, July 6, 2015. The EPA lacks explicit authority to block imported shipments of hazardous waste that lack prior EPA consent. This could lead to improper handling and disposal, resulting in unknown human and environmental exposure to toxic

  19. Implementing EPA Method 537 | Science Inventory | US EPA

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This presentation describes EPA Method 537 for the analysis of 14 perfluorinated alkyl acids in drinking water as well as the challenges associated with preparing a laboratory for analysis using Method 537. The impact of this presentation is to provide the scientific community with an introduction to EPA Method 537 and to provide suggestions on implementing this method in laboratories.

  20. Analysis of Ethanolamines: Validation of Semi-Volatile Analysis by HPLC-MS/MS by EPA Method MS888

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Owens, J; Vu, A; Koester, C

    The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Region 5 Chicago Regional Laboratory (CRL) developed a method titled 'Analysis of Diethanolamine, Triethanolamine, n-Methyldiethanolamine, and n-Ethyldiethanolamine in Water by Single Reaction Monitoring Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS): EPA Method MS888'. This draft standard operating procedure (SOP) was distributed to multiple EPA laboratories and to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, which was tasked to serve as a reference laboratory for EPA's Environmental Reference Laboratory Network (ERLN) and to develop and validate analytical procedures. The primary objective of this study was to validate and verify the analytical procedures described in 'EPA Method MS888' for analysis of themore » listed ethanolamines in aqueous samples. The gathered data from this validation study will be used to: (1) demonstrate analytical method performance; (2) generate quality control acceptance criteria; and (3) revise the SOP to provide a validated method that would be available for use during a homeland security event. The data contained in this report will be compiled, by EPA CRL, with data generated by other EPA Regional laboratories so that performance metrics of 'EPA Method MS888' can be determined.« less

  1. 1. View of EPA Farm Lab Building 1506, facing south ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    1. View of EPA Farm Lab Building 15-06, facing south - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Laboratory Building, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  2. 3. View of EPA Farm Lab Building 1506 (with sliding ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    3. View of EPA Farm Lab Building 15-06 (with sliding doors open to slaughter addition) and Sioux silo, facing north-northwest - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Laboratory Building, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  3. Report: EPA Needs to Improve Recording Information Technology Investments and Issue a Policy Covering All Investments

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-P-0292, September 22, 2015. The EPA management of its $334 million in IT investments is noncompliant with its current policy. Thus, the EPA is at risk of not managing taxpayer dollars properly.

  4. 7. View of interior, EPA Farm Lab Building 1506 milk ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    7. View of interior, EPA Farm Lab Building 15-06 milk room, facing west - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Laboratory Building, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  5. 6. View of interior, EPA Farm Lab Building 1506 milking ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    6. View of interior, EPA Farm Lab Building 15-06 milking area, facing northwest - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Laboratory Building, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  6. View of EPA Farm cattle shelters (Building 1506 in background), ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    View of EPA Farm cattle shelters (Building 15-06 in background), facing southeast - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Shelter Unit Type, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  7. 75 FR 22776 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Engine Emission...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-30

    ... Emission Recall Reports; EPA ICR No. 0282.15, OMB Control No. 2060-0048 AGENCY: Environmental Protection... Recall Reports (Renewal). ICR numbers: EPA ICR No. 0282.15, OMB Control No. 2060-0048. ICR status: This...

  8. 4. Oblique view of EPA Farm Lab Building 1506 (with ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    4. Oblique view of EPA Farm Lab Building 15-06 (with sliding door open to milking area), Sioux silo and slaughter addition, facing northeast - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Laboratory Building, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  9. Logistics Company Partner 2.0.15 Tool: Quick Start Guide, 2015 Data Year - United States Version

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This EPA document provides focused guidance and worksheets for SmartWay Logistics Company Partners on how to complete the SmartWay Logistics Tool and participate in the SmartWay program. (EPA publication # EPA-420-B-16-063)

  10. Analysis of Thiodiglycol: Validation of Semi-Volatile Analysis by HPLC-MS/MS by EPA Method MS777

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Owens, J; Koester, C

    The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Region 5 Chicago Regional Laboratory (CRL) developed a method for the analysis of thiodiglycol, the breakdown product of the sulfur mustard HD, in water by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), titled Method EPA MS777 (hereafter referred to as EPA CRL SOP MS777). This draft standard operating procedure (SOP) was distributed to multiple EPA laboratories and to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, which was tasked to serve as a reference laboratory for EPA's Environmental Reference Laboratory Network (ERLN) and to develop and validate analytical procedures. The primary objective of this study was to verifymore » the analytical procedures described in MS777 for analysis of thiodiglycol in aqueous samples. The gathered data from this study will be used to: (1) demonstrate analytical method performance; (2) generate quality control acceptance criteria; and (3) revise the SOP to provide a validated method that would be available for use during a homeland security event. The data contained in this report will be compiled, by EPA CRL, with data generated by other EPA Regional laboratories so that performance metrics of Method EPA MS777 can be determined.« less

  11. Determinants of Blood Cell Omega-3 Fatty Acid Content

    PubMed Central

    Block, Robert C.; Harris, William S.; Pottala, James V.

    2009-01-01

    Background Although red blood cell eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content (the Omega-3 Index) predicts cardiovascular death, the factors determining the Index are unknown. Methods In 704 outpatients, we undertook an investigation of the clinical determinants of the Index. Results Factors associated with the Index in decreasing order were: EPA+DHA supplement use, fish consumption frequency, triglyceride level, age, high cholesterol history, and smoking. These factors explained 59% of Index variability, with capsules/fish intake together accounting for 47%. The Index increased by 13% (p< 0.0001) for each serving level increase in fish intake and EPA+DHA supplementation correlated with a 58% increase (p< 0.0001) regardless of background fish intake (p=0.25; test for interaction). A 100 mg/dL decrease in serum triglycerides was associated with a 15% higher (p<0.0001) Index. Conclusions The intake of EPA+DHA-rich foods and supplements principally determined the Omega-3 Index, but explained only about half of the variability. PMID:19953197

  12. 77 FR 36964 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Texas; Revisions to the New Source Review (NSR...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-20

    ...EPA is proposing to approve revisions to the SIP for the State of Texas that relate to antibacksliding of Major NSR SIP Requirements for the one-hour ozone NAAQS; Major NNSR SIP requirements for the 1997 eight-hour ozone NAAQS; Major NSR Reform Program with Plantwide Applicability Limit (PAL) provisions; and non-PAL aspects of the Major NSR SIP requirements. EPA proposes to find that these changes to the Texas SIP comply with the Federal Clean Air Act (the Act or CAA) and EPA regulations and are consistent with EPA policies. Texas submitted revisions to these programs on June 10, 2005, and February 1, 2006. EPA disapproved these SIP revisions on September 15, 2010 (75 FR 56424). In response to the 2010 disapproval, Texas submitted revisions to these programs in two separate SIP submittals on March 11, 2011. These SIP submittals include resubmittal of the rules that were previously submitted June 10, 2005, and February 1, 2006, and subsequently disapproved by EPA on September 15, 2010. On February 22, 2012, Texas proposed further revisions to the NSR Reform Program to further clarify and ensure compliance with Federal requirements relating to NSR Reform. On May 3, 2012, Texas provided a letter to EPA which requested that EPA parallel process the revisions proposed February 22, 2012, and included a demonstration showing how its submitted rules are at least as stringent as the Federal NSR Reform Program. Texas has requested that EPA parallel process the revisions proposed February 22, 2012, and consider the May 3, 2012, letter in the review of the March 11, 2011, SIP submittals. Today, EPA is proposing to find that the March 11, 2011, SIP submittals; the February 22, 2012, proposed revisions; and the May 3, 2012, letter, address each of the grounds for EPA's September 15, 2010, disapproval and other issues related to the Texas NSR Reform revisions as identified later. Accordingly, EPA proposes to approve these two March 11, 2011, revisions; the February 22, 2012, proposed revisions for which Texas has requested parallel processing; and the May 3, 2012, letter as part of the Texas NSR SIP. EPA is proposing this action under section 110 and parts C and D of the Act.

  13. Report: Enhanced EPA Oversight and Action Can Further Protect Water Resources From the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-P-0204, July 16, 2015. Enhanced EPA oversight of the permitting process for diesel fuel use during hydraulic fracturing can further EPA efforts to protect water resources, and establishment of a plan for determining whether to propose a chemical

  14. 2. Oblique view of EPA Farm Lab Building 1506 (with ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    2. Oblique view of EPA Farm Lab Building 15-06 (with slaughter addition at far left), facing southwest - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Laboratory Building, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  15. 40 CFR 51.15 - What data does my state need to report to EPA?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What data does my state need to report... PROGRAMS REQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARATION, ADOPTION, AND SUBMITTAL OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Air Emissions Reporting Requirements Specific Reporting Requirements § 51.15 What data does my state need to report to EPA...

  16. Logistics Company Partner 2.0.15 Tool: Data Entry and Troubleshooting Guide, 2015 Data Year - United States Version

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This EPA document provides detailed data entry and troubleshooting guidance for SmartWay Logistics Company Partners on how to complete the SmartWay Logistics Tool and participate in the SmartWay program. (EPA publication # EPA-420-B-16-062)

  17. Report: Quick Reaction Report: EPA Should Ensure Positions Vacated Under Buyouts Are Eliminated or Properly Filled

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-P-0184, July 14, 2015.The EPA paid staff up to $25,000 each to voluntarily separate from federal employment, but in some cases replaced them without modifying the positions. The EPA needs to improve its controls over this in light of the current

  18. Notification: Audit of EPA's Processes for Managing Background Investigations of Privileged Users and Taking Action to Remediate Weaknesses in Agency's Information Security Program

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OA-FY17-0139, Feb 15, 2017.The EPA OIG plans to begin preliminary research on an audit of EPA's processes for managing background investigations of privileged users and taking action to remediate weaknesses in agency's info security program.

  19. Analysis of Phosphonic Acids: Validation of Semi-Volatile Analysis by HPLC-MS/MS by EPA Method MS999

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Owens, J; Vu, A; Koester, C

    The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Region 5 Chicago Regional Laboratory (CRL) developed a method titled Analysis of Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate, Ethyl Hydrogen Dimethylamidophosphate, Isopropyl Methylphosphonic Acid, Methylphosphonic Acid, and Pinacolyl Methylphosphonic Acid in Water by Multiple Reaction Monitoring Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry: EPA Version MS999. This draft standard operating procedure (SOP) was distributed to multiple EPA laboratories and to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, which was tasked to serve as a reference laboratory for EPA's Environmental Reference Laboratory Network (ERLN) and to develop and validate analytical procedures. The primary objective of this study was to validate and verify the analytical procedures describedmore » in EPA Method MS999 for analysis of the listed phosphonic acids and surrogates in aqueous samples. The gathered data from this validation study will be used to: (1) demonstrate analytical method performance; (2) generate quality control acceptance criteria; and (3) revise the SOP to provide a validated method that would be available for use during a homeland security event. The data contained in this report will be compiled, by EPA CRL, with data generated by other EPA Regional laboratories so that performance metrics of EPA Method MS999 can be determined.« less

  20. 1. Overview of EPA Farm Lab Building 1506, Sioux silo ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    1. Overview of EPA Farm Lab Building 15-06, Sioux silo and slaughter addition (featuring poles from hay shed), facing east-northeast. - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  1. 5. View of interior, EPA Farm Lab Building 1506 slaughter ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    5. View of interior, EPA Farm Lab Building 15-06 slaughter addition (featuring cold slaughter area), facing north-northeast - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Laboratory Building, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  2. Analysis of Carbamate Pesticides: Validation of Semi-Volatile Analysis by HPLC-MS/MS by EPA Method MS666

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Owens, J; Koester, C

    The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Region 5 Chicago Regional Laboratory (CRL) developed a method for analysis of aldicarb, bromadiolone, carbofuran, oxamyl, and methomyl in water by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), titled Method EPA MS666. This draft standard operating procedure (SOP) was distributed to multiple EPA laboratories and to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, which was tasked to serve as a reference laboratory for EPA's Environmental Reference Laboratory Network (ERLN) and to develop and validate analytical procedures. The primary objective of this study was to validate and verify the analytical procedures described in MS666 for analysis of carbamatemore » pesticides in aqueous samples. The gathered data from this validation study will be used to: (1) demonstrate analytical method performance; (2) generate quality control acceptance criteria; and (3) revise the SOP to provide a validated method that would be available for use during a homeland security event. The data contained in this report will be compiled, by EPA CRL, with data generated by other EPA Regional laboratories so that performance metrics of Method EPA MS666 can be determined.« less

  3. 40 CFR 51.15 - What data does my state need to report to EPA?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... appendix A of this subpart confidential, but some states limit release of this type of data. Any data that... 40 Protection of Environment 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What data does my state need to report... Reporting Requirements Specific Reporting Requirements § 51.15 What data does my state need to report to EPA...

  4. 40 CFR 51.15 - What data does my state need to report to EPA?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Appendix A of this subpart confidential, but some states limit release of this type of data. Any data that... 40 Protection of Environment 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What data does my state need to report... Reporting Requirements Specific Reporting Requirements § 51.15 What data does my state need to report to EPA...

  5. 40 CFR 51.15 - What data does my state need to report to EPA?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... appendix A of this subpart confidential, but some states limit release of this type of data. Any data that... 40 Protection of Environment 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What data does my state need to report... Reporting Requirements Specific Reporting Requirements § 51.15 What data does my state need to report to EPA...

  6. Notification: Follow-Up Review on OIG Report No. 13-P-0178, Improvements Needed in EPA Training and Oversight for Risk Management Program Inspections

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OPE-FY15-0054, July 15, 2015. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Inspector General (OIG) is starting a follow-up review on the EPA’s actions to address recommendations in the subject report, issued March 21, 2013.

  7. Identification and Screening of Carcass Pretreatment ...

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Technical Fact Sheet Managing the treatment and disposal of large numbers of animal carcasses following a foreign animal disease (FAD) outbreak is a challenging endeavor. Pretreatment of the infectious carcasses might facilitate the disposal of the carcasses by simplifying the transportation, reducing the pathogen load in the carcasses, or by isolating the pathogen from the environment to minimize spread of any pathogens.This brief summarizes information contained in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report (EPA/600/R-15/053) entitled Identification and Screening of Infectious Carcass Pretreatment Alternatives. This brief describes how each of eleven pretreatment methods can be used prior to, and in conjunction with, six commonly used large-scale carcass disposal options

  8. User's Guide and Metadata to Coastal Biodiversity Risk Analysis Tool (CBRAT): Framework for the Systemization of Life History and Biogeographic Information

    EPA Science Inventory

    ABSTRACTUser’s Guide & Metadata to Coastal Biodiversity Risk Analysis Tool (CBRAT): Framework for the Systemization of Life History and Biogeographic Information(EPA/601/B-15/001, 2015, 123 pages)Henry Lee II, U.S. EPA, Western Ecology DivisionKatharine Marko, U.S. EPA,...

  9. Enhanced eicosapentaenoic acid production by a new deep-sea marine bacterium Shewanella electrodiphila MAR441T.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Jinwei; Burgess, J Grant

    2017-01-01

    Omega-3 fatty acids are products of secondary metabolism, essential for growth and important for human health. Although there are numerous reports of bacterial production of omega-3 fatty acids, less information is available on the biotechnological production of these compounds from bacteria. The production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5ω3) by a new species of marine bacteria Shewanella electrodiphila MAR441T was investigated under different fermentation conditions. This strain produced a high percentage (up to 26%) of total fatty acids and high yields (mg / g of biomass) of EPA at or below the optimal growth temperature. At higher growth temperatures these values decreased greatly. The amount of EPA produced was affected by the carbon source, which also influenced fatty acid composition. This strain required Na+ for growth and EPA synthesis and cells harvested at late exponential or early stationary phase had a higher EPA content. Both the highest amounts (20 mg g-1) and highest percent EPA content (18%) occurred with growth on L-proline and (NH4)2SO4. The addition of cerulenin further enhanced EPA production to 30 mg g-1. Chemical mutagenesis using NTG allowed the isolation of mutants with improved levels of EPA content (from 9.7 to 15.8 mg g-1) when grown at 15°C. Thus, the yields of EPA could be substantially enhanced without the need for recombinant DNA technology, often a commercial requirement for food supplement manufacture.

  10. Enhanced eicosapentaenoic acid production by a new deep-sea marine bacterium Shewanella electrodiphila MAR441T

    PubMed Central

    Burgess, J. Grant

    2017-01-01

    Omega-3 fatty acids are products of secondary metabolism, essential for growth and important for human health. Although there are numerous reports of bacterial production of omega-3 fatty acids, less information is available on the biotechnological production of these compounds from bacteria. The production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5ω3) by a new species of marine bacteria Shewanella electrodiphila MAR441T was investigated under different fermentation conditions. This strain produced a high percentage (up to 26%) of total fatty acids and high yields (mg / g of biomass) of EPA at or below the optimal growth temperature. At higher growth temperatures these values decreased greatly. The amount of EPA produced was affected by the carbon source, which also influenced fatty acid composition. This strain required Na+ for growth and EPA synthesis and cells harvested at late exponential or early stationary phase had a higher EPA content. Both the highest amounts (20 mg g-1) and highest percent EPA content (18%) occurred with growth on L-proline and (NH4)2SO4. The addition of cerulenin further enhanced EPA production to 30 mg g-1. Chemical mutagenesis using NTG allowed the isolation of mutants with improved levels of EPA content (from 9.7 to 15.8 mg g-1) when grown at 15°C. Thus, the yields of EPA could be substantially enhanced without the need for recombinant DNA technology, often a commercial requirement for food supplement manufacture. PMID:29176835

  11. Dietary Intakes of EPA and DHA Omega-3 Fatty Acids among US Childbearing-Age and Pregnant Women: An Analysis of NHANES 2001–2014

    PubMed Central

    Zhang, Zhiying; Fulgoni, Victor L.; Kris-Etherton, Penny M.; Mitmesser, Susan Hazels

    2018-01-01

    Background: The 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommend that the general population should consume about 8 ounces (oz.) per week of a variety of seafood, providing approximately 250 mg per day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and that pregnant and lactating women should consume 8–12 oz. per week of seafood. Methods: We determined the usual intakes, percentage not meeting recommendations, and trends in EPA and DHA intakes among childbearing-age and pregnant women (15–44 years of age) using the NHANES cycles 2001–2002 through 2013–2014. Results: For the childbearing-age women, the mean usual intake of seafood was 0.44 ± 0.02 oz. equivalent per day and 100% of the population was below the DGA recommendation. Mean usual intakes of EPA, DHA, and combined EPA and DHA from foods and dietary supplements combined were 26.8 ± 1.4, 62.2 ± 1.9, and 88.1 ± 3.0 mg per day, respectively. Over 95% of the sample did not meet the daily intakes of 250 mg EPA and DHA. Similar results were observed for pregnant women. After controlling for covariates, there were slight but significant increases in EPA and DHA intakes from foods and dietary supplements over the 14-year span among childbearing-age (p = 0.005) and pregnant women (p = 0.002). Conclusions: It was estimated that a majority of U.S. childbearing-age and pregnant women consumed significantly lower amounts of seafood than what the DGA recommends, which subsequently leads to low intakes of EPA and DHA; in addition, dietary supplement use has not eliminated the nutrient shortfall. PMID:29597261

  12. 78 FR 64968 - Advisory Committee on Commercial Operations of Customs and Border Protection (COAC)

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-30

    ... progress of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Working Group, and review and discuss a case study... open to the public. DATES: COAC will meet on Friday, November 15, from 1:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. EST... method indicated below: --For members of the public who plan to attend the meeting in person, please...

  13. Camp Minden Fact Sheet January 2015

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    On January 15, 2015, EPA extended the state’s deadline under an agreement by 90 days. EPA extended the current cleanup deadlines to allow everyone more time to consider other options and to hear from community members.

  14. Notification: EPA Conferences - Maximizing Cost Efficiencies

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OA-FY15-0381, September 19, 2014. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Inspector General (OIG) plans to begin preliminary research in October 2014 for an audit of conference spending.

  15. 75 FR 71694 - Science Advisory Board Staff Office; Notification of Two Public Quality Review Teleconferences of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-24

    ... review of EPA's ``Toxicological Review of Trichloroethylene'' on December 15, 2010 and (b) a quality... of Trichloroethylene'' (October 2009), and (2) a draft report peer reviewing EPA's draft document... draft assessment entitled ``Toxicological Review of Trichloroethylene'' (October 2009). EPA's Office of...

  16. 77 FR 43023 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-23

    ... (CT); EPA-R01-OAR- 2011-0318 and EPA-R01-OAR-2011-0322 (ME); EPA-R01-OAR-2009-0459 and EPA-R01-OAR... of Energy and Environmental Protection, State Office Building, 79 Elm Street, Hartford, CT 06106-1630... (denoted PM 2.5 ). The annual PM 2.5 standard was set at 15 micrograms per cubic meter ([micro]g/m\\3...

  17. EPA METHOD STUDY 8, TOTAL MERCURY IN WATER

    EPA Science Inventory

    The Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Cincinnati of EPA conducts EPA's quality assurance program for the water laboratories and assists EPA laboratories in the choice of methods for physical, chemical, biological and microbiological analyses. The responsibility for ...

  18. 40 CFR Table 2a to Subpart Ce of... - Emissions Limits for Small HMIWI Which Meet the Criteria Under § 60.33e(b)(1)

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... sample time per run) EPA Reference Method 10 or 10B of appendix A-4 of part 60. Dioxins/furans ng/dscm total dioxins/furans (gr/109 dscf) or ng/dscm TEQ (gr/109 dscf) 800 (350) or 15 (6.6) 3-run average (4...

  19. LOCATION OF LEAKS IN PRESSURIZED PETROLEUM PIPELINES BY MEANS OF PASSIVE-ACOUSTIC METHODS

    EPA Science Inventory

    Experiments were conducted on the underground pipeline at the EPA's UST Test Apparatus n which three acoustic sensors separated by a maximum distance of 38m (125 ft) were used to monitor signals produced by 11.4-, 5.7-, and 3.8-L/h (3.0-, 1.5-, and 1.0-gal/h) leaks in the wall of...

  20. Report: Remedial Project Manager Turnover at Superfund Sites

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #2001-M-000015, June 15, 2001. We determined that EPA Region III did not have formal procedures in place to mitigate continuity problems caused by turnover of EPA personnel in the Superfund program.

  1. Notification: Evaluation of Office of Pesticide Programs’ Genetically Engineered Corn Insect Resistance Management

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OPE-FY15-0055, July 09, 2015. The EPA OIG plans to begin preliminary research on the EPA's ability to manage and prevent increased insect resistance to genetically engineered Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn.

  2. An Evaluation of Partial Digestion Protocols for the Extraction and Measurement of Trace Metals of Environmental Concern in Marine and Estuarine Sediments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Winters, S. J.; Krahforst, C.; Sherman, L.; Kehm, K.

    2013-12-01

    As part of a broad study of the fate and transport of trace metals in estuarine sediments (Krahforst et al., 2013), the efficacy of commonly-used partial digestion protocols, including ISO 11466 (treatment with aqua regia), EPA 3050B (nitric acid followed by H2O2) and a modified rock digestion method ('RD' method- H2O2 followed by nitric), were evaluated for two NIST SRM materials, marine sediment 2702 and estuarine sediment 1646a. Unlike so-called total sediment digestions, the methods studied in this work do not employ hydrofluoric acid and are thought to leave silicates substantially or wholly intact. These methods can in principle compliment studies based on total digestions by providing information about trace metals in phases that are potentially more labile in the marine environment. Samples were digested in ~150 mg aliquots. Application of ISO 11466 and EPA 3050B followed published protocols except that digestions were carried out in trace-metal clean 15 mL capped Teflon vessels in an Al block digester and, at the end of the procedure, the supernatant was decanted from undigested material following repeated centrifugation in 2% nitric acid. Digested solutions were analyzed for Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, Sn and Pb content by ICPMS. All elements were analyzed in collision reaction cell mode to minimize isobaric interferences, except Cd and Ag, which were analyzed in standard mode. Instrument performance was monitored in-run by analyzing the SRM 1643e and several quality-check standards. Two repeated digestions of SRM 2702 and SRM 1646a using EPA 3050B produced identical yields, within the standard deviation of repeated analyses (0 - 5%), for all analyzed elements except Cu, which varied by 30% for SRM 2702. The same was true for ISO 11466, although the standard deviation of repeated analyses for this digestion series tended to be larger (< ~15%). The RD method, which consists of pre-treatment with H2O2 followed by repeated treatments with nitric acid, produced the highest average yields for all elements, ranging from 50% of the Al in SRM 2702 up to ~100% for Cd and Pb. The higher recoveries for the RD method may indicate that pre-treatment with H2O2 more effectively removes organics compared with the conventional methods. Yields for ISO 11466 digestions typically range from 5 - 15% higher than EPA 3050B for all studied elements. Comparisons between the two sediments demonstrated that the acid-extractable fraction differs for several elements. For example results from all three digestion methods confirm a ~40% difference in yield for Mn between SRM 2702 and SRM 1646a. Overall, the results indicate that yields for trace element analyses of marine and estuarine sediments resulting from partial digestion are sensitive to the digestion technique, and in particular the methods employed for removal of organic phases. This work was supported by NSF Grant EAR-0922733 and a Maryland Sea Grant Program Development Award.

  3. The Structural Insulated Panel SIP Hut: Preliminary Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Indoor Air Quality

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-08-19

    laboratory analysis using EPA TO-15, and collection of gas samples in sorbent tubes for later analysis of aldehydes using NIOSH Method 2016. Total VOCs...measurement can be a general qualitative indicator of IAQ problems; formaldehyde and other aldehydes are common organic gases emitted from OSB; and...table in the middle of the hut. 5.1.2.3 Formaldehyde and other aldehydes Aldehydes were measured using both Dräger-tubes and by NIOSH Method 2016. The

  4. In vitro effects of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid on human meibomian gland epithelial cells.

    PubMed

    Hampel, Ulrike; Krüger, Magret; Kunnen, Carolina; Garreis, Fabian; Willcox, Mark; Paulsen, Friedrich

    2015-11-01

    To investigate the effect of ω-3 fatty acids on human meibomian gland epithelial cells (HMGECs, cell line) in vitro. HMGECs were stimulated with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or combinations with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and acetyl sialic acid (ASA). Sudan III fat staining, viability and proliferation assays, electric cell-substrate impedance sensing, real-time PCR for gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and 15-lipoxygenase and ELISAs for resolvin D1 (RvD1), IFNγ, TNFα and IL-6 were applied. Lipid droplet accumulation and viability was increased by 100 μM DHA in the presence or absence of EPA in serum cultured HMGECs. In contrast, HMGECs cultured with DHA and EPA under serum-free conditions showed minimal lipid accumulation, decreased proliferation and viability. Normalized impedance was significantly reduced in serum-free cultured HMGECs when stimulated with DHA and EPA. HMGECs cultured in serum containing medium showed increased normalized impedance under DHA and EPA stimulation compared to DHA or EPA alone or controls. IL-6 and IFNγ were downregulated in HMGECs treated for 72 h with DHA and EPA. In general, TNFα, IFNγ and IL-6 levels were decreased after 72 h compared to 24 h in serum containing medium with or without DHA or EPA. The concentration of RvD1 was elevated 2-fold after DHA treatment. Cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression decreased compared to controls during DHA stimulation after 72 h. Treatment with DHA and ASA revealed a decreased 15-lipoxygenase gene expression which was reduced after three days of DHA incubation. DHA and EPA supplementation affected HMGECs in vitro and supported anti-inflammatory effects by influencing cytokine levels, decreasing COX-2 expression and increasing the production of RvD1. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Improving the performance of US Environmental Protection Agency Method 300.1 for monitoring drinking water compliance.

    PubMed

    Wagner, Herbert P; Pepich, Barry V; Hautman, Daniel P; Munch, David J

    2003-09-05

    In 1998, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for bromate in drinking water at 10 microg/l, and the method for compliance monitoring of bromate in drinking water was established under Stage 1 of the Disinfectants/Disinfection By-Products Rule (D/DBP) as EPA Method 300.1. In January 2002, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulated the bromate concentration in bottled waters at 10 microg/l. EPA anticipates proposing additional methods, which have improved performance for bromate monitoring, in addition to EPA Method 300.1, in the Stage 2 DBP Rule. Until the Stage 2 Rule is promulgated, EPA Method 300.1 will continue to be the only method approved for compliance monitoring of bromate. This manuscript describes the work completed at EPA's Technical Support Center (TSC) to assess the performance of recently developed suppressor technologies toward improving the trace level performance of EPA Method 300.1, specifically for the analysis of trace levels of bromate in high ionic matrices. Three different types of Dionex suppressors were evaluated. The baseline noise, return to baseline after the water dip, detection limits, precision and accuracy, and advantages/disadvantages of each suppressor are discussed. Performance data for the three different suppressors indicates that chemical suppression of the eluent, using the AMMS III suppressor, is the most effective means to reduce baseline noise, resulting in the best resolution and the lowest bromate detection limits, even when a high ionic matrix is analyzed. Incorporation of the AMMS III suppressor improves the performance of EPA Method 300.1 at and below 5.0 microg/l and is a quick way for laboratories to improve their bromate compliance monitoring.

  6. Notification: EPA Progress in Reducing Taxpayer Environmental Liabilities

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OPE-FY15-0052, May 28, 2015. The EPA OIG plans to begin preliminary research on the EPA’s progress in reducing taxpayer liabilities through the use of financial assurance instruments for RCRA facilities and Superfund sites.

  7. Semiannual Report: Apr 1, 2015 - Sept 30, 2015

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Semiannual Report #EPA-350-R-15-002, Nov, 2015. During this period, witnesses from the EPA OIG testified at congressional hearings, and the OIG produced reports in response to congressional requests, demonstrating their continued interest in our work.

  8. Report: EPA Did Not Identify Volkswagen Emissions Cheating; Enhanced Controls Now Provide Reasonable Assurance of Fraud Detection

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #18-P-0181, May 15, 2018. After uncovering VW's emissions fraud, the EPA's light-duty vehicle compliance program added controls to effectively detect and prevent noncompliance—a precursor to potential fraud.

  9. 40 CFR 300.425 - Establishing remedial priorities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... may submit HRS scoring packages to EPA anytime throughout the year. (2) EPA shall review lead agencies' HRS scoring packages and revise them as appropriate. EPA shall develop any additional HRS scoring packages on releases known to EPA. (3) EPA shall compile the NPL based on the methods identified in...

  10. 40 CFR 300.425 - Establishing remedial priorities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... may submit HRS scoring packages to EPA anytime throughout the year. (2) EPA shall review lead agencies' HRS scoring packages and revise them as appropriate. EPA shall develop any additional HRS scoring packages on releases known to EPA. (3) EPA shall compile the NPL based on the methods identified in...

  11. 40 CFR 300.425 - Establishing remedial priorities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... may submit HRS scoring packages to EPA anytime throughout the year. (2) EPA shall review lead agencies' HRS scoring packages and revise them as appropriate. EPA shall develop any additional HRS scoring packages on releases known to EPA. (3) EPA shall compile the NPL based on the methods identified in...

  12. 40 CFR 300.425 - Establishing remedial priorities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... may submit HRS scoring packages to EPA anytime throughout the year. (2) EPA shall review lead agencies' HRS scoring packages and revise them as appropriate. EPA shall develop any additional HRS scoring packages on releases known to EPA. (3) EPA shall compile the NPL based on the methods identified in...

  13. 40 CFR 300.425 - Establishing remedial priorities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... may submit HRS scoring packages to EPA anytime throughout the year. (2) EPA shall review lead agencies' HRS scoring packages and revise them as appropriate. EPA shall develop any additional HRS scoring packages on releases known to EPA. (3) EPA shall compile the NPL based on the methods identified in...

  14. View of EPA Farm Sioux silo, facing east. Radsafe trailer ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    View of EPA Farm Sioux silo, facing east. Rad-safe trailer is to the left - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Silo Type, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  15. Report: Improved Acquisition Planning Will Help EPA Reduce Hundreds of Millions of Dollars in High-Risk Contracts

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #18-P-0038, November 15, 2017. Without improving its acquisition planning process, the EPA may continue to spend hundreds of millions of dollars on high-risk contracts that waste taxpayer resources.

  16. Notification: Fiscal Year 2015 Risk Assessment of EPA's Purchase Card and Convenience Check Programs

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OA-FY15-0064, August 26, 2015. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office oflnspector General (OIG) plans to begin the preliminary research phase ofauditing the agency's purchase card and convenience check programs.

  17. Report: Improvements Needed by EPA to Reduce Risk in Employee Hiring Process

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-P-0253, August 3, 2015. Without verification of prior employment or references, the potential exists that the EPA will not hire the best possible staff, or will hire an employee based on false statements.

  18. Hazardous Waste Management System: Land Disposal Restrictions - Federal Register Notice, May 15, 1992

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    In response to the Proposed Rule on Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) for Newly Listed Wastes and Hazardous Debris, EPA received numerous comments regarding the availability of treatment capacity for hazardous debris. EPA agrees with these comments.

  19. View of EPA Farm power substation, facing westsouthwest Nevada ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    View of EPA Farm power substation, facing west-southwest - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Power Substation, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  20. Sampling and data handling methods for inhalable particulate sampling. Final report nov 78-dec 80

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Smith, W.B.; Cushing, K.M.; Johnson, J.W.

    1982-05-01

    The report reviews the objectives of a research program on sampling and measuring particles in the inhalable particulate (IP) size range in emissions from stationary sources, and describes methods and equipment required. A computer technique was developed to analyze data on particle-size distributions of samples taken with cascade impactors from industrial process streams. Research in sampling systems for IP matter included concepts for maintaining isokinetic sampling conditions, necessary for representative sampling of the larger particles, while flowrates in the particle-sizing device were constant. Laboratory studies were conducted to develop suitable IP sampling systems with overall cut diameters of 15 micrometersmore » and conforming to a specified collection efficiency curve. Collection efficiencies were similarly measured for a horizontal elutriator. Design parameters were calculated for horizontal elutriators to be used with impactors, the EPA SASS train, and the EPA FAS train. Two cyclone systems were designed and evaluated. Tests on an Andersen Size Selective Inlet, a 15-micrometer precollector for high-volume samplers, showed its performance to be with the proposed limits for IP samplers. A stack sampling system was designed in which the aerosol is diluted in flow patterns and with mixing times simulating those in stack plumes.« less

  1. Report: Improvements Needed to Ensure EPA Terminates Exceptions to Biweekly Pay Limits at Completion of Emergency Response Work

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-P-0170, June 19, 2015. EPA made payments totaling $4,141 to employees in excess of biweekly pay limits because authorized exceptions were not terminated at the end of emergency response work.

  2. Notification: Review of Inspections and Evaluations of Clean Air Act Sources

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OPE-FY15-0015, March 12, 2015. The EPA OIG plans to begin preliminary research of the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (OECA) and selected EPA region's oversight of compliance assurance activities for major Clean Air Act sources.

  3. Report: EPA Needs to Track Whether Its Major Municipal Settlements for Combined Sewer Overflows Benefit Water Quality

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-P-0280, September 16, 2015. By tracking environmental results, the EPA can show how the $32 billion that communities are spending to address discharges of untreated sewage and contaminated storm water improves water quality.

  4. Preliminary human health risk assessment of arsenic and fluoride in tap water from Zacatecas, México.

    PubMed

    Martínez-Acuña, Mónica I; Mercado-Reyes, Marisa; Alegría-Torres, Jorge A; Mejía-Saavedra, José J

    2016-08-01

    Zacatecas state is located in the central area of Mexico, where the underground water contains elevated quantities of natural arsenic and fluoride. In order to estimate health risk associated with human exposure to these pollutants, tap water samples from the southern-central region of the state were analyzed. Ninety percent of the samples exceeded the levels of arsenic established by the World Health Organization (WHO) of 0.01 mg/L and 43 % exceeded the limit established by the NOM-127-SSA1(1) of 0.025 mg/L. Forty-three percent of the samples had fluoride levels above the Mexican regulation limit of 1.5 mg/L (NOM-127-SSA1). We used WHO and EPA's health risk assessment method, we estimated 80 % of the inhabitants of sites studied could be exposed to arsenic levels higher than those recommended by EPA and the WHO, 22 % could be exposed to fluoride levels higher than those recommended by EPA, and 16 % of the local population may be in risk of suffering dental fluorosis.

  5. 5. Contextual view of EPA Farm showing holding pens, facing ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    5. Contextual view of EPA Farm showing holding pens, facing west-southwest. - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  6. View of EPA Farm quonset huts, facing southsouthwest Nevada ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    View of EPA Farm quonset huts, facing south-southwest - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Quonset Hut Type, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  7. 6. Contextual view of EPA Farm showing cattle shelter, facing ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    6. Contextual view of EPA Farm showing cattle shelter, facing southeast. - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  8. Report: Improvements Needed in Key EPA Information System Security Practices

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #10-P-0146, June 15, 2010. Williams Adley found that EPA program offices lacked evidence that they planned and executed tests of information system security controls as required by federal requirements.

  9. Comparative analysis of EPA and DHA in fish oil nutritional capsules by GC-MS.

    PubMed

    Yi, Tao; Li, Shuk-Man; Fan, Jia-Yi; Fan, Lan-Lan; Zhang, Zhi-Feng; Luo, Pei; Zhang, Xiao-Jun; Wang, Jian-Gang; Zhu, Lin; Zhao, Zhong-Zhen; Chen, Hu-Biao

    2014-12-13

    Fish oil is a popular nutritional product consumed in Hong Kong. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are the two main bioactive components responsible for the health benefits of fish oil. Market survey in Hong Kong demonstrated that various fish oil capsules with different origins and prices are sold simultaneously. However, these capsules are labelled with same ingredient levels, namely EPA 180 mg/g and DHA 120 mg/g. This situation makes the consumers very confused. To evaluate the quality of various fish oil capsules, a comparative analysis of the contents of EPA and DHA in fish oil is crucial. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for identification and determination of EPA and DHA in fish oil capsules. A comprehensive validation of the developed method was conducted. Ten batches of fish oil capsules samples purchased from drugstores of Hong Kong were analyzed by using the developed method. The present method presented good sensitivity, precision and accuracy. The limits of detection (LOD) for EPA and DHA were 0.08 ng and 0.21 ng, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of EPA and DHA for repeatability tests were both less than 1.05%; and the recovery for accuracy test of EPA and DHA were 100.50% and 103.83%, respectively. In ten fish oil samples, the contents of EPA ranged from 39.52 mg/g to 509.16 mg/g, and the contents of DHA ranged from 35.14 mg/g to 645.70 mg/g. The present method is suitable for the quantitative analysis of EPA and DHA in fish oil capsules. There is a significant variation in the contents of the quantified components in fish oil samples, and there is not a linear relationship between price and contents of EPA and DHA. Strict supervision of the labelling of the fish oil capsules is urgently needed.

  10. PFOS and PFOS: Analytics | Science Inventory | US EPA

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This presentation describes the drivers for development of Method 537, the extraction and analytical procedure, performance data, holding time data as well as detection limits. The purpose of this presentation is to provide an overview of EPA drinking water Method 537 to the U.S. EPA Drinking Water Workshop participants.

  11. Demonstration of Simplified Field Test Methods for the Measurement of Diesel Particulate Matter (PM) from Military Diesel Engines

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-07-01

    EPA emission standards, the EPA has also specified the measurement methods . According to EPA, the most accurate and precise method of determining ...function of particle size and refractive index . If particle size distributions and refractive indices in diesel exhaust strongly depend on the...to correct the bias of the raw SFTM data and align the data with the values determined by the federal reference method . Thus, to use these methods a

  12. 40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Jjjj of... - Requirements for Performance Tests

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Interface Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry as an alternative to EPA Method 18 for measuring total... portable analyzer. b You may use ASME PTC 19.10-1981, Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses, for measuring the O2 content of the exhaust gas as an alternative to EPA Method 3B. c You may use EPA Method 18 of 40 CFR part...

  13. 40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Jjjj of... - Requirements for Performance Tests

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Interface Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry as an alternative to EPA Method 18 for measuring total... portable analyzer. b You may use ASME PTC 19.10-1981, Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses, for measuring the O2 content of the exhaust gas as an alternative to EPA Method 3B. c You may use EPA Method 18 of 40 CFR part...

  14. Report: EPA Needs to Demonstrate Public Health Benefits of Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Projects

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-P-0032, December 5, 2014. The EPA needs to enforce grant requirements for collecting DWSRF project information to demonstrate the public health results of the $11.37 billion it has invested in drinking water infrastructure since 2009.

  15. Report: EPA Region 3 Reduced Unliquidated Obligations Under Water Program Assistance Agreements

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #11-P-0170, March 15, 2011. We identified $6,130,166 of unneeded funds for three assistance agreements awarded by EPA Region 3 to the District of Columbia, and the region deobligated those funds during the course of the audit.

  16. Report: EPA Needs Accurate Data on Results of Pollution Prevention Grants to Maintain Program Integrity and Measure Effectiveness of Grants

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-P-0276, September 4, 2015. Inaccurate reporting of results misrepresents the impacts of pollution prevention activities provided to the public, and misinforms EPA management on the effectiveness of its investment in the program.

  17. 78 FR 25267 - Request for Information To Inform Hydraulic Fracturing Research Related to Drinking Water Resources

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-30

    ... Inform Hydraulic Fracturing Research Related to Drinking Water Resources AGENCY: Environmental Protection... to submit data and scientific literature to inform EPA's research on the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources from April 30, 2013 until November 15, 2013. EPA is...

  18. U.S.-MEXICO BORDER PROGRAM ARIZONA BORDER STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR COLLECTION, STORAGE, AND SHIPMENT OF DRINKING AND TAP WATER SAMPLES FOR PESTICIDES (EPA 225.2) AND CARBARYL (EPA 531.1) ANALYSIS (UA-F-17.1)

    EPA Science Inventory

    The purpose of this SOP is to describe how to collect, store, and ship tap and drinking water samples for analysis by EPA Method 525.2 (revision 1.0) and EPA method 531.1 (revision 3). This SOP provides a brief description of the sample containers, collection, preservation, stor...

  19. NHEXAS PHASE I ARIZONA STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR COLLECTION, STORAGE AND SHIPMENT OF DRINKING AND TAP WATER SAMPLES FOR PESTICIDES (EPA 225.2) AND CARBARYL (EPA 531.1) (UA-F-17.1)

    EPA Science Inventory

    The purpose of this SOP is to describe how to collect, store, and ship tap and drinking water samples for analysis by EPA Method 525.2 (revision 1.0) and EPA method 531.1 (revision 3) for the NHEXAS Arizona project. This SOP provides a brief description of the sample containers,...

  20. Closeup view of EPA Farm cattle shelter lamp, facing west ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    Close-up view of EPA Farm cattle shelter lamp, facing west - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Shelter Unit Type, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  1. View of EPA Farm cattle shelter (featuring horse trailer), facing ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    View of EPA Farm cattle shelter (featuring horse trailer), facing northwest - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Shelter Unit Type, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  2. 4. Contextual view of EPA Farm showing radwaste tank, facing ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    4. Contextual view of EPA Farm showing rad-waste tank, facing south-southeast. - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  3. 2. Contextual view of EPA Farm showing milliongallon reservoir, facing ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    2. Contextual view of EPA Farm showing million-gallon reservoir, facing east-southeast. - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  4. Cellulosic Waiver Credit Price and Minor Amendments: Direct Final Rule

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA's direct final fuel follows from EPA having granted the American Petroleum Institute’s and the American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers’ petitions for reconsideration of the 2013 cellulosic biofuel standard published on August 15, 2013.

  5. Report: EPA Could Improve Contingency Planning for Oil and Hazardous Substance Response

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #13-P-0152, February 15, 2013. EPA regions have expanded contingency planning by creating additional plans and materials, but regions cannot maintain this large volume of information with their limited resources.

  6. View of EPA Farm storage shed, facing north. Greenhouse is ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    View of EPA Farm storage shed, facing north. Greenhouse is in background - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Storage Shed, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  7. Report: Follow-Up Report: EPA Proposes to Streamline the Review, Management and Disposal of Hazardous Waste Pharmaceuticals

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-P-0260, August 19, 2015. EPA states that it intends to issue a proposed rule, Management Standards for Hazardous Waste, which will attempt to streamline the approach to managing and disposing of hazardous and nonhazardous pharmaceutical waste.

  8. EPA Science Matters Newsletter: Stand-by Science: EPA Helps the Nation Be Better Prepared for Emergency Response (Published November 2013)

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Learn about the EPA guide (Selected Analytical Methods for Environmental Remediation and Recovery) that helps labs around the country quickly select the appropriate environmental testing and analysis methods to use after a wide-scale chemical event

  9. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids-rich fish oil supplementation attenuates strength loss and limited joint range of motion after eccentric contractions: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial.

    PubMed

    Tsuchiya, Yosuke; Yanagimoto, Kenichi; Nakazato, Koichi; Hayamizu, Kohsuke; Ochi, Eisuke

    2016-06-01

    This study investigated the effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids-rich fish oil (EPA + DHA) supplementation on eccentric contraction-induced muscle damage. Twenty-four healthy men were randomly assigned to consume the EPA + DHA supplement (EPA, n = 12) or placebo (PL, n = 12) by the double-blind method. Participants consumed EPA + DHA or placebo supplement for 8 weeks prior to exercise and continued it until 5 days after exercise. The EPA group consumed EPA + DHA-rich fish oil containing 600 mg EPA and 260 mg DHA per day. Subjects performed five sets of six maximal eccentric elbow flexion exercises. Changes in the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque, range of motion (ROM), upper arm circumference, muscle soreness as well as serum creatine kinase, myoglobin, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in blood were assessed before, immediately after, and 1, 2, 3, and 5 days after exercise. MVC was significantly higher in the EPA group than in the PL group at 2-5 days after exercise (p < 0.05). ROM was also significantly greater in the EPA group than in the PL group at 1-5 days after exercise (p < 0.05). At only 3 days after exercise, muscle soreness of the brachialis was significantly greater in the PL group than in the EPA group (p < 0.05), with a concomitant increase in serum IL-6 levels in the PL group. Eight-week EPA + DHA supplementation attenuates strength loss and limited ROM after exercise. The supplementation also attenuates muscle soreness and elevates cytokine level, but the effect is limited.

  10. 78 FR 68377 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Ohio; Ohio NOX

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-14

    ...On November 15, 2010, Ohio EPA submitted to EPA revisions to Ohio OAC 3745-14. EPA is proposing to approve these revisions under the Clean Air Act, which allows for Ohio's Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) NOX Ozone Season Trading Program rules to supersede Ohio's nitrogen oxides (NOX) State Implementation Plan (SIP) Call Budget Trading Program rules, but leave other requirements of the NOX SIP Call in place for units not covered by CAIR.

  11. The Relationship between SW-846, PBMS, and Innovative Analytical Technologies

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This paper explains EPA's position regarding testing methods used within waste programs, documentation of EPA's position, the reasoning behind EPA's position, and the relationship between analytical method regulatory flexibility and the use of on-site...

  12. ROE Acid-Sensitive Waters

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The polygon dataset represents areas with acid-sensitive waters in the contiguous United States. Summary data in this indicator were provided by EPA??s Office of Atmospheric Programs and are taken from a publication documenting how surface waters have responded to reduced air emissions of acid rain precursors (U.S. EPA, 2003) and from more recent unpublished results (U.S. EPA, 2014). Trends are based on data collected in two networks: the TIME project and the LTM project. Because both networks are operated by numerous collaborators in state agencies, academic institutions, and other federal agencies, the monitoring data are not available in a single publication or database. The trend data in this indicator are based on observations documented in several publications (see pages 15-17 of U.S. EPA, 2003).

  13. Report: Audits on EPA Recovery Act-Funded Diesel Emission Reduction Act Assistance Agreements Reported Programmatic and Management Challenges

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #14-R-0355, September 15, 2014. EPA should consider the issues identified in our prior reports as it takes actions directed by the Office of Management and Budget to assess risk inherent in its programs.

  14. Report: Enhanced EPA Oversight Needed to Address Risks From Declining Clean Air Act Title V Revenues

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-P-0006, October 20, 2014. Weaknesses in the EPA's oversight of Title V revenues and expenditures jeopardize program implementation and, in turn, compliance with air regulations for many of the nation's largest sources of air pollution.

  15. Report: Independent Environmental Sampling Shows Some Properties Designated by EPA as Available for Use Had Some Contamination

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-P-0221, July 21, 2015. Some OIG sampling results showed contamination was still present at sites designated by the EPA as ready for reuse. This was unexpected and could signal a need to implement changes to ensure human health protection.

  16. 40 CFR 33.205 - How does an entity become certified by EPA?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... further information and required application forms to any entity interested in MBE or WBE certification. The applicant must attest to the accuracy and truthfulness of the information on the application form..., if applicable. (b) Application processing. EPA OSDBU will advise each applicant within 15 days...

  17. [Evaluation of a Computer-Aided Microscope System and Its Anti-Nuclear Antibody Test Kit for Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay].

    PubMed

    Hayashi, Nobuhide; Saegusa, Jun; Uto, Kenichi; Oyabu, Chinami; Saito, Toshiharu; Sato, Itsuko; Kawano, Seiji; Kumagai, Shunichi

    2016-02-01

    Antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing is indispensable for diagnosing and understanding clinical conditions of autoimmune diseases. The indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) is the gold standard for ANA screening, and it can detect more than 100 different antibodies, such as anti-PCNA as well as anti-cytoplasmic antibodies. However, complicated procedures of conventional IFA and visual interpretation require highly skilled laboratory staff. This study evaluates the capability, characteristics, and applicability of the recently developed ANA detection system (EUROPattern Cosmic IFA System, EPA) using HEp20-10 cells and the automated pattern recognition microscope. Findings using EPA and conventional methods were compared in 282 sera obtained from connective tissue disease patients and 250 sera from healthy individuals. The concordance of the positivity rate, antibody titer (within +/- 1 tube difference), and the accurate recognition rate of ANA patterns between the automated EPA method and the microscopic judgement of the EPA image by eye was 98.9, 97.4, and 55.3%, respectively. The EPA method showed concordance of the positivity rate as high as 93.3% and concordance of the antibody titer as high as 94.0% (within +/- 1 titer) compared with the conventional method. Regarding the four typical patterns of ANA (homogeneous, speckled, nucleolar, and centromere), large differences between the EPA and conventional methods were not observed, and the rate of concordance between the final EPA result and the conventional method was from 94.1 to 100%. The positivity rate of ANA using the EPA and conventional methods showed marked agreement among the six connective tissue diseases (SLE, MCTD, SSc, PM/DM, and SS) and healthy individuals. Although the EPA system is not considered a complete system and laboratory staff should verify the results, it is a useful system for routine ANA analysis because it contributes to ANA standardization and an efficient workflow.

  18. Continuous ultrasound-assisted extraction of hexavalent chromium from soil with or without on-line preconcentration prior to photometric monitoring.

    PubMed

    Luque-García, J L; Luque de Castro, M D

    2002-08-01

    A continuous ultrasound-assisted extractor was coupled to a photometric detector in order to obtain a fully automated approach for the determination of CrVI in soil. The use of a flow injection (FI) manifold as interface between the extractor and the photometric detector allowed the monitoring of CrVI after extraction in a continuous manner. The coloured complex formed between 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) and CrVI was used as recommended in EPA method 7196A because it is one of the most sensitive and selective reactions for CrVI determination. A preconcentration minicolumn packed with a strong anion-exchange resin was placed between the extractor and the detector, providing a more sensitive method. The linear dynamic ranges were 1-10 and 0.25-7.5 mg l-1 for the methods without (method A) and with preconcentration (method B), respectively. The limits of detection were 4.52 ng for method A and 1.23 ng for method B. Both methods were applied to a natural contaminated soil and the results obtained agreed well with those obtained by the reference EPA method 3060A. The influence of different amounts of CrIII in the samples was also studied and the results showed that the proposed methods did not disturb the original species distribution.

  19. Notification: Oversight of Superfund State Contracts for Remedial Activities

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OA-FY15-0054, December 30, 2014. The Office of Inspector General (OIG) for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is beginning an audit of the EPA's oversight of Superfund State Contracts (SSCs) for remedial activities.

  20. View of EPA Farm metal weather tower, facing east, showing ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    View of EPA Farm metal weather tower, facing east, showing thirty-acre irrigated field - Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency Farm, Weather Tower, Area 15, Yucca Flat, 10-2 Road near Circle Road, Mercury, Nye County, NV

  1. Notification: Oversight of Clean Water State Revolving Loan Funds

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OA-FY15-0153, April 6, 2015. The Office of Inspector General (OIG) for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is beginning preliminary research on the EPA oversight of the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF).

  2. Notification: EPA Progress on Meeting Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Statutory Mandate for Minimum Frequency of Inspections at Hazardous Waste Disposal Facilities

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OPE-FY15-0018, January 20, 2015. The EPA OIG plans to begin preliminary research on EPA’s progress in meeting minimum inspection requirements under the RCRA at treatment, storage and disposal facilities (TSDFs).

  3. Effect of culture condition on the growth, biochemical composition and EPA production of alkaliphilic Nitzschia plea isolated in the Southeast of China.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Dongmei; Wen, Shumei; Wu, Xia; Cong, Wei

    2018-06-01

    To overcome the contamination in open pond, microalgal strain selection should focus on species with tolerability to extreme environments. In this study, a native alkaliphilic algae, diatom Nitzschia plea was obtained in Southeast of China, which could tolerate high concentration of NaHCO 3 (0.15 mol/L) and high pH (> 10). The effects of initial pH, light intensity and temperature on cell growth, biochemical composition and fatty acid profile of N. plea were investigated. Results indicated its specific growth rate could reach 1.2 day -1 , lipid content was in the range 14.6-30.2% of dry weight, eicosapntemacnioc acid (EPA, C20:5) accounted for around 15% of total fatty acids. Alkalic condition benefited for both cell growth and EPA synthesis. Appropriately increasing light intensity and temperature could improve cell growth rate and lipid synthesis, although the proportion of EPA in total fatty acids decreased slightly. The optimal culture condition (pH 9.00, temperature 35.0 °C, light intensity 158.6 µmol/m 2 s) was suggested for maximum yield of EPA based on the response surface model. The overall biomass productivity and EPA productivity were 0.301 g/L/day and 7.43 mg/L/day, respectively. In conclusion, alkalic environment was helpful for the steady operation of open pond cultivation of N. plea with the characteristics of fast growth rate and high EPA content, which exhibited its commercial value.

  4. 77 FR 24698 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-25

    ... Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to support the decision making process for an industrial chemical under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (15 U.S.C. 2601). Under TSCA, EPA has the authority to issue... exposure to chemical substances and mixtures. Drugs, cosmetics, foods, food additives, pesticides, and...

  5. Report: Benefits of EPA Initiative to Promote Renewable Energy on Contaminated Lands Have Not Been Established

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-P-0198, July 16, 2015. EPA does not know the benefits realized from its efforts to promote siting renewable energy on contaminated lands. As a result, the agency is unable to demonstrate benefits realized for the $4 million it stated it has inve

  6. 40 CFR Appendix B to Part 67 - Instruction Manual

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Instruction Manual B Appendix B to...) EPA APPROVAL OF STATE NONCOMPLIANCE PENALTY PROGRAM Pt. 67, App. B Appendix B to Part 67—Instruction Manual Note: EPA will make copies of appendix B available from: Director, Stationary Source Compliance...

  7. 77 FR 11937 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; State of Alabama; Regional Haze...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-28

    ...EPA is proposing a limited approval of a revision to the Alabama state implementation plan (SIP) submitted by the State of Alabama through the Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM), on July 15, 2008, that addresses regional haze for the first implementation period. This revision addresses the requirements of the Clean Air Act (CAA or Act) and EPA's rules that require states to prevent any future and remedy any existing anthropogenic impairment of visibility in mandatory Class I areas (national parks and wilderness areas) caused by emissions of air pollutants from numerous sources located over a wide geographic area (also referred to as the ``regional haze program''). States are required to assure reasonable progress towards the national goal of achieving natural visibility conditions in Class I areas. EPA is proposing a limited approval of this SIP revision to implement the regional haze requirements for Alabama on the basis that the revision, as a whole, strengthens the Alabama SIP. Additionally, EPA is proposing to rescind the federal regulations previously approved into the Alabama SIP on November 24, 1987, and to rely on the provisions in Alabama's July 15, 2008, SIP submittal to meet the long-term strategy (LTS) requirements for reasonably attributable visibility impairment (RAVI). EPA has previously proposed a limited disapproval of the Alabama regional haze SIP because of deficiencies in the State's regional haze SIP submittal arising from the remand by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (DC Circuit) to EPA of the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR). Consequently, EPA is not proposing to take action in this rulemaking to address the State's reliance on CAIR to meet certain regional haze requirements.

  8. Life cycle cost evaluation of the digital opacity compliance system.

    PubMed

    McFarland, Michael J; Palmer, Glenn R; Olivas, Arthur C

    2010-01-01

    The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established EPA Reference Method 9 (Method 9) as the preferred enforcement approach for verifying compliance with federal visible opacity standards. While Method 9 has an extensive history of successful employment, reliance on human observers to quantify visible emissions is inherently subjective, a characteristic that exposes Method 9 results to claims of inaccuracy, bias and, in some cases, outright fraud. The Digital Opacity Compliance System (DOCS), which employs commercial-off-the-shelf digital photography coupled with simple computer processing, is a new approach for quantifying visible opacity. The DOCS technology has been previously demonstrated to meet and, in many cases, surpass the Method 9 accuracy and reliability standards (McFarland et al., 2006). Beyond its performance relative to Method 9, DOCS provides a permanent visual record of opacity, a vital feature in legal compliance challenges. In recent DOCS field testing, the opacity analysis of two hundred and forty one (241) regulated air emissions from the following industrial processes: 1) industrial scrubbers, 2) emergency generators, 3) asphalt paving, 4) steel production and 5) incineration indicated that Method 9 and DOCS were statistically equivalent at the 99% confidence level. However, a life cycle cost analysis demonstrated that implementation of DOCS could potentially save a facility $15,732 per trained opacity observer compared to utilization of Method 9. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. EnviroAtlas - Austin, TX - 15m Riparian Buffer Vegetated Cover

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This EnviroAtlas dataset describes the percentage of a 15-m riparian buffer that is vegetated. Vegetated cover is defined as Trees & Forest and Grass & Herbaceous. There is a potential for decreased water quality in areas where the riparian buffer is less vegetated. The displayed line represents the center of the analyzed riparian buffer. The water bodies analyzed include hydrologically connected streams, rivers, connectors, reservoirs, lakes/ponds, ice masses, washes, locks, and rapids within the EnviroAtlas community area. This dataset was produced by the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas. EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas) allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the contiguous United States. The dataset is available as downloadable data (https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas) or as an EnviroAtlas map service. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this dataset can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

  10. EnviroAtlas - Austin, TX - 15m Riparian Buffer Forest Cover

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This EnviroAtlas dataset describes the percentage of a 15-m riparian buffer that is forested. Forest is defined as Trees & Forest. There is a potential for decreased water quality in areas where the riparian buffer is less forested. The displayed line represents the center of the analyzed riparian buffer. The water bodies analyzed include hydrologically connected streams, rivers, connectors, reservoirs, lakes/ponds, ice masses, washes, locks, and rapids within the EnviroAtlas community area. This dataset was produced by the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas. EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas) allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the contiguous United States. The dataset is available as downloadable data (https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas) or as an EnviroAtlas map service. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this dataset can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

  11. Fast and "green" method for the analytical monitoring of haloketones in treated water.

    PubMed

    Serrano, María; Silva, Manuel; Gallego, Mercedes

    2014-09-05

    Several groups of organic compounds have emerged as being particularly relevant as environmental pollutants, including disinfection by-products (DBPs). Haloketones (HKs), which belong to the unregulated volatile fraction of DBPs, have become a priority because of their occurrence in drinking water at concentrations below 1μg/L. The absence of a comprehensive method for HKs has led to the development of the first method for determining fourteen of these species. In an effort to miniaturise, this study develops a micro liquid-liquid extraction (MLLE) method adapted from EPA Method 551.1. In this method practically, the whole extract (50μL) was injected into a programmed temperature vaporiser-gas chromatography-mass spectrometer in order to improve sensitivity. The method was validated by comparing it to EPA Method 551.1 and showed relevant advantages such as: lower sample pH (1.5), higher aqueous/organic volume ratio (60), lower solvent consumption (200μL) and fast and cost-saving operation. The MLLE method achieved detection limits ranging from 6 to 60ng/L (except for 1,1,3-tribromo-3-chloroacetone, 120ng/L) with satisfactory precision (RSD, ∼6%) and high recoveries (95-99%). An evaluation was carried out of the influence of various dechlorinating agents as well as of the sample pH on the stability of the fourteen HKs in treated water. To ensure the HKs integrity for at least 1 week during storage at 4°C, the samples were acidified at pH ∼1.5, which coincides with the sample pH required for MLLE. The green method was applied to the speciation of fourteen HKs in tap and swimming pool waters, where one and seven chlorinated species, respectively, were found. The concentration of 1.1-dichloroacetone in swimming pool water increased ∼25 times in relation to tap water. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. 78 FR 19998 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Florida; Prong 3 of Section 110(a)(2)(D)(i...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-03

    ... July 18, 1997 (62 FR 38652), EPA promulgated a new annual PM 2.5 NAAQS and on October 17, 2006 (71 FR..., the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, in Sierra Club v. EPA, No. 10- 1413, 2013 WL... Appeals, in Natural Resources Defense Council v. EPA, No. 08-1250, 2013 WL 45653 (D.C. Cir., filed July 15...

  13. Determination of atmospheric dilution for emergency preparedness: a joint EPA-DOE (Environmental Protection Agency-Department of Energy) technical workshop held on October 15-17, 1986

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rogers, S.E.

    1988-10-01

    This workshop was held in Research Triangle Park, NC in October of 1986. The objectives of the workshop were to review the current methods of determining atmospheric dilution for use in hazard identification, emergency-preparedness planning, and emergency response; to provide recommendations for choosing among these methods; and, finally, to define the role of the meteorologist in hazard identification, emergency planning, etc. Several invited papers were presented, and panel discussions were held to meet the objectives. The results are presented and discussed.

  14. Report: Conditions in the U.S. Virgin Islands Warrant EPA Withdrawing Approval and Taking Over Management of Some Environmental Programs and Improving Oversight of Others

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-P-0137, April 17, 2015. USVI's poor management of its environmental programs endangers public health and the environment. EPA awards over $2 million a year in grant funds to support USVI's continuing environmental programs.

  15. 77 FR 39458 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; West Virginia; Section 110(a)(2...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-03

    ... for the 2008 Lead National Ambient Air Quality Standards AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA... (CAA) section 110(a)(2) necessary to implement, maintain, and enforce the 2008 lead national ambient... On October 15, 2008, EPA substantially strengthened the primary and secondary lead NAAQS (hereafter...

  16. 75 FR 33391 - Amendments to the Protocol Gas Verification Program and Minimum Competency Requirements for Air...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-11

    ...Recent EPA gas audit results indicate that some gas cylinders used to calibrate continuous emission monitoring systems on stationary sources do not meet EPA's performance specification. Reviews of stack test reports in recent years indicate that some stack testers do not properly follow EPA test methods or do not correctly calculate test method results. Therefore, EPA is proposing to amend its Protocol Gas Verification Program (PGVP) and the minimum competency requirements for air emission testing (formerly air emission testing body requirements) to improve the accuracy of emissions data. EPA is also proposing to amend other sections of the Acid Rain Program continuous emission monitoring system regulations by adding and clarifying certain recordkeeping and reporting requirements, removing the provisions pertaining to mercury monitoring and reporting, removing certain requirements associated with a class-approved alternative monitoring system, disallowing the use of a particular quality assurance option in EPA Reference Method 7E, adding an incorporation by reference that was inadvertently left out of the January 24, 2008 final rule, and clarifying the language and applicability of certain provisions.

  17. EPA flow reference method testing and analysis: Data report -- Pennsylvania Electric Company, G.P.U. Genco Homer City Station. Volume 1: Test description and appendix A (data distribution package)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    1998-09-01

    This report describes the test site, equipment, and procedures and presents the data obtained during field testing at G.P.U. Genco Homer City Station, August 19--24, 1997. This was the third of three field tests that the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted in 1997 as part of a major study to evaluate potential improvements to Method 3, EPA`s test method for measuring flue gas volumetric flow in stacks. The report also includes a Data Distribution Package, the official, complete repository of the results obtained at the test site.

  18. Report: EPA Should Update Guidance to Address the Release of Potentially Harmful Quantities of Asbestos That Can Occur Under EPA’s Asbestos Demolition Standard

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-P-0168, June 16, 2015. Under the EPA's asbestos demolition standard, demolishing buildings that are structurally unsound and in imminent danger of collapse can release enough asbestos into the environment to pose a potential risk to human health

  19. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency national network of research centers: A case study in socio-political influences on research

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Morehouse, K.

    1995-12-01

    During the 15 years that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has supported university-based research centers, there have been many changes in mission, operating style, funding level, eligibility, and selection process. Even the definition of the term {open_quotes}research center{close_quotes} is open to debate. Shifting national priorities, political realities, and funding uncertainties have powered the evolution of research centers in EPA, although the agency`s basic philosophy on the purpose and value of this approach to research remains essentially unchanged. Today, EPA manages 28 centers, through the Office of Exploratory Research. These centers are administered under three distinct programs. Each program hasmore » its own mission and goals which guide the way individual centers are selected and operated. This paper will describe: (1) EPA`s philosophy of reserach centers, (2) the complicated history of EPA research centers, (3) coordination and interaction among EPA centers and others, (4) opportunities for collaboration, and (5) plans for the future.« less

  20. Procedures for EPA Libraries to Obtain Materials through Interlibrary Loan/Document Delivery

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The purpose of this document is to establish Agency-wide procedures by which EPA libraries obtain materials for Agency employees and authorized EPA contractors through interlibrary loan (ILL) and other document delivery methods.

  1. 40 CFR 166.43 - Notice to EPA and registrants or basic manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... utilization of the crisis provisions. (2) The State or Federal agency issuing the crisis exemption shall... under the crisis exemption at the same time notice is given to EPA or as soon thereafter as possible. (b... (8) Any other pertinent information available at the time. [51 FR 1902, Jan. 15, 1986, as amended at...

  2. Suspect screening and non-targeted analysis of drinking water using point-of-use filters.

    PubMed

    Newton, Seth R; McMahen, Rebecca L; Sobus, Jon R; Mansouri, Kamel; Williams, Antony J; McEachran, Andrew D; Strynar, Mark J

    2018-03-01

    Monitored contaminants in drinking water represent a small portion of the total compounds present, many of which may be relevant to human health. To understand the totality of human exposure to compounds in drinking water, broader monitoring methods are imperative. In an effort to more fully characterize the drinking water exposome, point-of-use water filtration devices (Brita ® filters) were employed to collect time-integrated drinking water samples in a pilot study of nine North Carolina homes. A suspect screening analysis was performed by matching high resolution mass spectra of unknown features to molecular formulas from EPA's DSSTox database. Candidate compounds with those formulas were retrieved from the EPA's CompTox Chemistry Dashboard, a recently developed data hub for approximately 720,000 compounds. To prioritize compounds into those most relevant for human health, toxicity data from the US federal collaborative Tox21 program and the EPA ToxCast program, as well as exposure estimates from EPA's ExpoCast program, were used in conjunction with sample detection frequency and abundance to calculate a "ToxPi" score for each candidate compound. From ∼15,000 molecular features in the raw data, 91 candidate compounds were ultimately grouped into the highest priority class for follow up study. Fifteen of these compounds were confirmed using analytical standards including the highest priority compound, 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one, which appeared in 7 out of 9 samples. The majority of the other high priority compounds are not targets of routine monitoring, highlighting major gaps in our understanding of drinking water exposures. General product-use categories from EPA's CPCat database revealed that several of the high priority chemicals are used in industrial processes, indicating the drinking water in central North Carolina may be impacted by local industries. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  3. Implementing EPA Method 537

    EPA Science Inventory

    This presentation describes EPA Method 537 for the analysis of 14 perfluorinated alkyl acids in drinking water as well as the challenges associated with preparing a laboratory for analysis using Method 537.

  4. Overview of EPA Pesticide Laboratories and Methods

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA operates two pesticide laboratories that provide a variety of technical services to the Agency, other federal and state agencies, tribal groups and other organizations.The labs develop methods and procedures.

  5. Therapeutic potential of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in a mouse model of dry macular degeneration

    PubMed Central

    Prokopiou, Ekatherine; Kolovos, Panagiotis; Kalogerou, Maria; Neokleous, Anastasia; Papagregoriou, Gregory; Deltas, Constantinos; Malas, Stavros; Georgiou, Tassos

    2017-01-01

    Purpose To evaluate the therapeutic effects of omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids in the CCL2−/− model of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The blood level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) served to adjust the treatment dosage (AA/EPA=1–1.5). Methods Nine-month-old animals were allocated to different groups: (A) C57BL/6 untreated , (B) CCL2−/− untreated, (C) CCL2−/− treated with ω-3+ω-6, and (D) CCL2−/− treated with ω-3. Treatment was daily administered by gavage for 3 months. Fatty acids analysis was performed and retinas were histologically examined. Three-month-old wild type mice were used for comparison purposes. Real-time PCR and Western blot were performed for retinal inflammatory mediators. Results Increased EPA and decreased AA levels were observed in both blood and retinas in the treatment groups. The outer nuclear layer thickness was increased in groups C (45.0±3.9 µm) and D (62.8±4.9 µm), compared with groups B (65.6±3.0 µm) and A (71.1±4.2 µm), and in younger mice, it was 98.0±3.9 µm. A decrease in NF-κB expression was noted in the treatment groups. Interleukin (IL) 18 protein levels demonstrated a significant reduction in the ω-3-treated group only. Conclusion Supplementation with ω-3+ω-6 or ω-3 alone (AA/EPA=1–1.5) suggests a protective mechanism in the CCL2−/− animal model of dry AMD, with a more beneficial effect when ω-3 are used alone. Our findings indicated that inflammation is not the only determining factor; perhaps a regenerative process might be involved following administration of ω-3 fatty acids. PMID:29354704

  6. 40 CFR Table 1a to Subpart Ce of... - Emissions Limits for Small, Medium, and Large HMIWI at Designated Facilities as Defined in § 60...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) (grains per dry standard cubic foot (gr/dscf)) 115 (0.05) 69 (0.03) 34 (0.015) 3-run average (1-hour minimum sample time per run) EPA Reference Method 5 of appendix A-3 of part 60, or EPA Reference Method...-run average (1-hour minimum sample time per run) EPA Reference Method 10 or 10B of appendix A-4 of...

  7. 40 CFR Table 1a to Subpart Ce of... - Emissions Limits for Small, Medium, and Large HMIWI at Designated Facilities as Defined in § 60...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) (grains per dry standard cubic foot (gr/dscf)) 115 (0.05) 69 (0.03) 34 (0.015) 3-run average (1-hour minimum sample time per run) EPA Reference Method 5 of appendix A-3 of part 60, or EPA Reference Method...-run average (1-hour minimum sample time per run) EPA Reference Method 10 or 10B of appendix A-4 of...

  8. EPA METHODS FOR EVALUATING WETLAND CONDITION, WETLANDS CLASSIFICATION

    EPA Science Inventory

    In 1999, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began work on this series of reports entitled Methods for Evaluating Wetland Condition. The purpose of these reports is to help States and Tribes develop methods to evaluate 1) the overall ecological condition of wetlands us...

  9. Comparison of EPA Method 1615 RT-qPCR Assays in Standard and Kit Format

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA Method 1615 contains protocols for measuring enterovirus and norovirus by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A commercial kit based upon these protocols was designed and compared to the method's standard approach. Reagent grade, secondary effluent, ...

  10. Notification: Review of EPA’s Compliance With Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Act of 2010 During Fiscal Year 2014

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OA-FY15-0032, November 4, 2014. The Office of Inspector General (OIG) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is beginning an audit of the EPA's reporting of improper payments during fiscal year 2014.

  11. Early Warning Report: EPA Region 9 Should Withhold Award of the Fiscal Year 2015 Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Grant to the Hawaii Department of Health

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-P-0298, September 28, 2015. Due to a Notice of Non-Compliance issued to the Hawaii DOH and lack of adequate progress on a corrective action plan, the EPA should withhold about $8.8 million in FY 2015 DWSRF capitalization grant funds.

  12. Analysis of environmental regulatory proposals: Its your chance to influence policy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Veil, J.A.

    1994-03-02

    As part of the regulatory development process, the US Envirorunental Protection Agency (EPA) collects data, makes various assumptions about the data, and analyzes the data. Although EPA acts in good faith, the agency cannot always be aware of all relevant data, make only appropriate assumptions, and use applicable analytical methods. Regulated industries must carefully must carefully review every component of the regulatory decision-making process to identify misunderstandings and errors and to supply additional data that is relevant to the regulatory action. This paper examines three examples of how EPA`s data, assumptions, and analytical methods have been critiqued. The first twomore » examples involve EPA`s cost-effectiveness (CE) analyses prepared for the offshore oil and gas effluent limitations guidelines and as part of EPA Region 6`s general permit for coastal waters of Texas and Louisiana. A CE analysis regulations to the incremental amount of pollutants that would be removed by the recommended treatment processes. The third example, although not involving a CE analysis, demonstrates how the use of non-representative data can influence the outcome of an analysis.« less

  13. Methods for Measuring Occurrence and Exposure From Viruses in Drinking and Recreational Water

    EPA Science Inventory

    The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has an active research program to develop and improve methods for detecting human enteric viruses in recreational, source, and drinking waters. EPA is also developing methods to measure exposure to waterborne viruses and ap...

  14. A 3.4-kb Copy-Number Deletion near EPAS1 Is Significantly Enriched in High-Altitude Tibetans but Absent from the Denisovan Sequence

    PubMed Central

    Lou, Haiyi; Lu, Yan; Lu, Dongsheng; Fu, Ruiqing; Wang, Xiaoji; Feng, Qidi; Wu, Sijie; Yang, Yajun; Li, Shilin; Kang, Longli; Guan, Yaqun; Hoh, Boon-Peng; Chung, Yeun-Jun; Jin, Li; Su, Bing; Xu, Shuhua

    2015-01-01

    Tibetan high-altitude adaptation (HAA) has been studied extensively, and many candidate genes have been reported. Subsequent efforts targeting HAA functional variants, however, have not been that successful (e.g., no functional variant has been suggested for the top candidate HAA gene, EPAS1). With WinXPCNVer, a method developed in this study, we detected in microarray data a Tibetan-enriched deletion (TED) carried by 90% of Tibetans; 50% were homozygous for the deletion, whereas only 3% carried the TED and 0% carried the homozygous deletion in 2,792 worldwide samples (p < 10−15). We employed long PCR and Sanger sequencing technologies to determine the exact copy number and breakpoints of the TED in 70 additional Tibetan and 182 diverse samples. The TED had identical boundaries (chr2: 46,694,276–46,697,683; hg19) and was 80 kb downstream of EPAS1. Notably, the TED was in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD; r2 = 0.8) with EPAS1 variants associated with reduced blood concentrations of hemoglobin. It was also in complete LD with the 5-SNP motif, which was suspected to be introgressed from Denisovans, but the deletion itself was absent from the Denisovan sequence. Correspondingly, we detected that footprints of positive selection for the TED occurred 12,803 (95% confidence interval = 12,075–14,725) years ago. We further whole-genome deep sequenced (>60×) seven Tibetans and verified the TED but failed to identify any other copy-number variations with comparable patterns, giving this TED top priority for further study. We speculate that the specific patterns of the TED resulted from its own functionality in HAA of Tibetans or LD with a functional variant of EPAS1. PMID:26073780

  15. A Framework for Sustainability Indicators at EPA

    EPA Science Inventory

    The purpose of this document is to provide useful methods and guidance to support the application of sustainability indicators in EPA decision making, and particularly within the Office of Research and Development’s (ORD) research programs. The primary target audience is EPA rese...

  16. 75 FR 80808 - Proposed Consent Decree, Clean Air Act Citizen Suit

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-23

    ... number EPA-HQ- OGC-2010-1060, online at http://www.regulations.gov (EPA's preferred method); by e-mail to... Center, EPA West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, DC, between 8:30 a.m. and 4:30 p.m... No. EPA-HQ-OGC-2010-1060) contains a copy of the proposed consent decree. The official public docket...

  17. 76 FR 12356 - A Method To Assess Climate-Relevant Decisions: Application in the Chesapeake Bay

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-07

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9276-3] A Method To Assess Climate-Relevant Decisions: Application in the Chesapeake Bay AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice of..., ``A Method to Assess Climate-Relevant Decisions: Application in the Chesapeake Bay'' (EPA/600/R-10...

  18. EnviroAtlas - Fresno, CA - Riparian Buffer Land Cover by Block Group

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This EnviroAtlas dataset describes the percentage of different land cover types within 15- and 50-meters of hydrologically connected streams, rivers, and other water bodies within the Atlas Area. This dataset was produced by the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas. EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas) allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the contiguous United States. The dataset is available as downloadable data (https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas) or as an EnviroAtlas map service. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this dataset can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

  19. Enhancing the production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from Nannochloropsis oceanica CY2 using innovative photobioreactors with optimal light source arrangements.

    PubMed

    Chen, Chun-Yen; Chen, Yu-Chun; Huang, Hsiao-Chen; Ho, Shih-Hsin; Chang, Jo-Shu

    2015-09-01

    Binary combinations of LEDs with four different colors were used as light sources to identify the effects of multiple wavelengths on the production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) by an isolated microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica CY2. Combining LED-Blue and LED-Red could give the highest EPA productivity of 13.24 mg L(-1) d(-1), which was further enhanced to 14.4 mg L(-1) d(-1) when using semi-batch operations at a 40% medium replacement ratio. A novel photobioreactor with additional immersed light sources improved light penetration efficiency and led to an 38% (0.170-0.235 g L(-1) d(-1)) increase in the microalgae biomass productivity and a 9% decrease in electricity consumption yield of EPA (10.15-9.33 kW-h (g EPA)(-1)) when compared with the control (i.e., without immersed light sources). Operating the immersed LEDs at a flashing-frequency of 9 Hz further lowered the energy consumption yield to 8.87 kW-h (g EPA)(-1). Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. 76 FR 3134 - Environmental Laboratory Advisory Board (ELAB) Meeting Dates and Agenda

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-19

    ... 1 p.m. ET to discuss the ideas and views presented at the previous ELAB meetings, as well as new..., Designated Federal Officer, U.S. EPA (E243-05), 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709..., 2011. Kevin Teichman, Acting EPA Science Advisor. [FR Doc. 2011-995 Filed 1-13-11; 4:15 pm] BILLING...

  1. Molecular Signatures of Chronic Pain Subtypes

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-01-01

    Objective: The omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) are precursors to a family of analgesic and neuroprotective...evidence suggests that the novel pro-resolving lipid mediator (PRLM) metabolites of the omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic ...of about 0.15. Drugs and Drug Administration Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were purchased from Cayman Chemical as

  2. Omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids intake and dietary sources in a representative sample of Spanish adults.

    PubMed

    González-Rodríguez, Liliana G; Aparicio, Aránzazu; López-Sobaler, Ana M; Ortega, Rosa M

    2013-01-01

    The present study analyzes the intake of omega 3 (n-3 PUFAs) and omega 6 (n-6 PUFAs) and dietary sources in a representative sample of Spanish adults. For this purpose 418 adults (18 - 60 y), from 15 Spanish provinces were studied. The intake of energy and nutrients [specifically, the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs,) α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); and the n-6 PUFA, linoleic acid (LA)] was determined using a 24-hour recall questionnaire for two days. The Multiple Source Method (MSM) was used to estimate participants’ usual fatty acid intake. The total n-3 PUFAs intake was 1.8 ± 0.60 g/day (ALA: 1.3 ± 0.32, EPA: 0.16 ± 0.14, and DHA: 0.33 ± 0.21 g/day) and n-6 PUFA intake was 11.0 ± 2.7 g/day (LA: 10.8 ± 2.7 g/day). A high proportion of participants did not meet their nutrient intake goals for total n-3 PUFAs (84.7 %), ALA (45.0 %), and EPA plus DHA (62.9 %). The main food sources for ALA were oil, dairy products, and meat; for EPA fish; for DHA, fish, eggs, and meat; and for LA, oils, meat, and cereals. Therefore, an increase in the intake of foods rich in n-3 PUFAs or the use of supplements with n-3 PUFAs might help to improve the n-3 PUFA intake.

  3. 78 FR 36041 - Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: RFS Pathways II and Technical Amendments to the RFS 2...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-14

    ...In this Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, EPA is proposing amendments to three separate sets of regulations relating to fuels. First, EPA is proposing to amend certain of the renewable fuels standard (RFS2) program regulations. We believe these proposals will facilitate the introduction of new renewable fuels as well as improve implementation of the program. This proposal includes various changes related to biogas, including changes related to the revised compressed natural gas (CNG)/liquefied natural gas (LNG) pathway and amendments to various associated registration, recordkeeping, and reporting provisions. This proposed regulation includes the addition of new pathways for renewable diesel, renewable naphtha, and renewable electricity (used in electric vehicles) produced from landfill biogas. Adding these new pathways will enhance the ability of the biofuels industry to supply advanced biofuels, including cellulosic biofuels, which greatly reduce the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) compared to the petroleum-based fuels they replace. It also addresses ``nameplate capacity'' issues for certain production facilities that do not claim exemption from the 20% greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction threshold. In this notice, EPA addresses issues related to crop residue and corn kernel fiber and proposes an approach to determining the volume of cellulosic RINs produced from various cellulosic feedstocks. We also include a lifecycle analysis of advanced butanol and discuss the potential to allow for commingling of compliant products at the retail facility level as long as the environmental performance of the fuels would not be detrimental. Several other amendments to the RFS2 program are included. Second, EPA is also proposing various changes to the E15 misfueling mitigation regulations (E15 MMR). Among the E15 changes proposed are technical corrections and amendments to sections dealing with labeling, E15 surveys, product transfer documents, and prohibited acts. We also propose to amend the definitions in order to address a concern about the rounding of test results for ethanol content violations. Lastly, EPA is proposing changes to the survey requirements associated with the ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) program.

  4. 40 CFR 51.30 - When does my state report which emissions data to EPA?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the 2009 inventory year and must be submitted to EPA within 12 months, i.e., by December 31, 2010. (2... for every third inventory year the annual (12-month) emissions of all pollutants listed in § 51.15(a... first 3-year cycle inventory will be for the 2011 inventory and must be submitted to us within 12 months...

  5. 77 FR 23130 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Connecticut; Determination of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-18

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 52 [EPA-R01-OAR-2011-0711; FRL-9660-2] Approval and... Ozone Standard for the Greater Connecticut Area; Correction AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA... nonattainment area did not meet the applicable deadline of November 15, 2007, for attaining the one-hour...

  6. Chronic Psychological Stress Was Not Ameliorated by Omega-3 Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA).

    PubMed

    Bradbury, Joanne; Myers, Stephen P; Meyer, Barbara; Brooks, Lyndon; Peake, Jonathan; Sinclair, Andrew J; Stough, Con

    2017-01-01

    Background: Chronic psychological stress and mental health disorders are endemic in Western culture where population dietary insufficiencies of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3FA) from seafood have been observed. Objective: This study was designed to test for a causal relationship between one of the most active components of fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and chronic psychological stress. Method: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with parallel-assignment to two groups was designed (Trial Id: ACTRN12610000404022). The interventions were four EPA-rich fish oil capsules per day, delivering 2.2 g/d EPA (and 0.44 g/d DHA), or identical placebo (low-phenolic olive oil capsules with 5% fish oil to aid blinding). The primary outcome was the between-group difference on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) after 12 weeks supplementation. An a priori power analysis determined that group sizes of 43 would provide 80% power to detect a significant between-group difference of 12.5%, at α = 0.05. Ninety community members (64 females, 26 males) reporting chronic work stress were recruited via public advertising in northern NSW, Australia. Results: At baseline the omega-3 index (EPA + DHA as % to total fatty acids in red blood cell membranes) was 5.2% in both groups ( SD = 1.6% control group; 1.8% active group). After supplementation this remained stable at 5.3% ( SD = 1.6%) for the control group but increased to 8.9% ( SD = 1.5%) for the active group, demonstrating successful incorporation of EPA into cells. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis found no significant between-group differences in PSS outcome scores post-intervention ( b = 1.21, p = 0.30) after adjusting for sex ( b = 2.36, p = 0.079), baseline PSS ( b = 0.42, p = 0.001) and baseline logEPA [ b = 1.41, p = 0.185; F (3, 86) = 8.47, p < 0.01, n = 89, R-square = 0.243]. Discussion: Treatment increased cell membrane EPA but, contrary to the hypothesis, there was no effect on perceived stress. Limitations included an imbalance of gender in groups after randomization (68% of the males were in the placebo group). While we found no significant interaction between sex and group on the outcome after adjusting for baseline PSS, larger studies with groups stratified for gender may be required to further confirm these findings. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 2. 2 g/day of EPA for 12 weeks did not reduce chronic psychological stress.

  7. Chronic Psychological Stress Was Not Ameliorated by Omega-3 Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)

    PubMed Central

    Bradbury, Joanne; Myers, Stephen P.; Meyer, Barbara; Brooks, Lyndon; Peake, Jonathan; Sinclair, Andrew J.; Stough, Con

    2017-01-01

    Background: Chronic psychological stress and mental health disorders are endemic in Western culture where population dietary insufficiencies of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3FA) from seafood have been observed. Objective: This study was designed to test for a causal relationship between one of the most active components of fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and chronic psychological stress. Method: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with parallel-assignment to two groups was designed (Trial Id: ACTRN12610000404022). The interventions were four EPA-rich fish oil capsules per day, delivering 2.2 g/d EPA (and 0.44 g/d DHA), or identical placebo (low-phenolic olive oil capsules with 5% fish oil to aid blinding). The primary outcome was the between-group difference on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) after 12 weeks supplementation. An a priori power analysis determined that group sizes of 43 would provide 80% power to detect a significant between-group difference of 12.5%, at α = 0.05. Ninety community members (64 females, 26 males) reporting chronic work stress were recruited via public advertising in northern NSW, Australia. Results: At baseline the omega-3 index (EPA + DHA as % to total fatty acids in red blood cell membranes) was 5.2% in both groups (SD = 1.6% control group; 1.8% active group). After supplementation this remained stable at 5.3% (SD = 1.6%) for the control group but increased to 8.9% (SD = 1.5%) for the active group, demonstrating successful incorporation of EPA into cells. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis found no significant between-group differences in PSS outcome scores post-intervention (b = 1.21, p = 0.30) after adjusting for sex (b = 2.36, p = 0.079), baseline PSS (b = 0.42, p = 0.001) and baseline logEPA [b = 1.41, p = 0.185; F(3, 86) = 8.47, p < 0.01, n = 89, R-square = 0.243]. Discussion: Treatment increased cell membrane EPA but, contrary to the hypothesis, there was no effect on perceived stress. Limitations included an imbalance of gender in groups after randomization (68% of the males were in the placebo group). While we found no significant interaction between sex and group on the outcome after adjusting for baseline PSS, larger studies with groups stratified for gender may be required to further confirm these findings. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 2. 2 g/day of EPA for 12 weeks did not reduce chronic psychological stress. PMID:29163147

  8. RESEARCH ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPA METHOD 552.2

    EPA Science Inventory

    The work presented in this paper entails the development of a method for haloacetic acid (HAA) analysis, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)method 552.2, that improves the saftey and efficiency of previous methods and incorporates three additional trihalogenated acetic acids: b...

  9. 76 FR 44583 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-26

    ... confidential business information may be necessary to make a reference or equivalent method determination. The... Equivalent Method Determination (Renewal) AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [[Page 44584... http://www.regulations.gov (our preferred method), by e-mail to [email protected] , or by mail to: EPA...

  10. Project-Based Learning in Undergraduate Environmental Chemistry Laboratory: Using EPA Methods to Guide Student Method Development for Pesticide Quantitation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Davis, Eric J.; Pauls, Steve; Dick, Jonathan

    2017-01-01

    Presented is a project-based learning (PBL) laboratory approach for an upper-division environmental chemistry or quantitative analysis course. In this work, a combined laboratory class of 11 environmental chemistry students developed a method based on published EPA methods for the extraction of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its…

  11. 75 FR 7593 - Recent Postings of Broadly Applicable Alternative Test Methods

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-22

    ... Applicable Alternative Test Methods AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice of availability. SUMMARY: This notice announces the broadly applicable alternative test method approval decisions... electronic copy of each alternative test method approval document is available on EPA's Web site at http...

  12. Application of LC/MS/MS Techniques to Development of US EPA Standardized Methods for Chemicals of Emerging Concern

    EPA Science Inventory

    This presentation will describe the U.S. EPA’s drinking water and ambient water method development program in relation to the process employed and the typical challenges encountered in developing standardized LC/MS/MS methods for chemicals of emerging concern. The EPA&rsquo...

  13. 78 FR 22540 - Notice of Public Meeting/Webinar: EPA Method Development Update on Drinking Water Testing Methods...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-16

    ...: EPA Method Development Update on Drinking Water Testing Methods for Contaminant Candidate List... Division will describe methods currently in development for many CCL contaminants, with an expectation that several of these methods will support future cycles of the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR...

  14. 15th Anniversary of CMAS

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The EPA recently celebrated the 15th anniversary of its partnership with the Community Modeling and Analysis System (CMAS) Center. CMAS provides training and support for the CMAQ community, and they host an annual workshop dedicated to exchanging ideas.

  15. A unified method to process biosolids samples for the recovery of bacterial, viral, and helminths pathogens.

    PubMed

    Alum, Absar; Rock, Channah; Abbaszadegan, Morteza

    2014-01-01

    For land application, biosolids are classified as Class A or Class B based on the levels of bacterial, viral, and helminths pathogens in residual biosolids. The current EPA methods for the detection of these groups of pathogens in biosolids include discrete steps. Therefore, a separate sample is processed independently to quantify the number of each group of the pathogens in biosolids. The aim of the study was to develop a unified method for simultaneous processing of a single biosolids sample to recover bacterial, viral, and helminths pathogens. At the first stage for developing a simultaneous method, nine eluents were compared for their efficiency to recover viruses from a 100 gm spiked biosolids sample. In the second stage, the three top performing eluents were thoroughly evaluated for the recovery of bacteria, viruses, and helminthes. For all three groups of pathogens, the glycine-based eluent provided higher recovery than the beef extract-based eluent. Additional experiments were performed to optimize performance of glycine-based eluent under various procedural factors such as, solids to eluent ratio, stir time, and centrifugation conditions. Last, the new method was directly compared with the EPA methods for the recovery of the three groups of pathogens spiked in duplicate samples of biosolids collected from different sources. For viruses, the new method yielded up to 10% higher recoveries than the EPA method. For bacteria and helminths, recoveries were 74% and 83% by the new method compared to 34% and 68% by the EPA method, respectively. The unified sample processing method significantly reduces the time required for processing biosolids samples for different groups of pathogens; it is less impacted by the intrinsic variability of samples, while providing higher yields (P = 0.05) and greater consistency than the current EPA methods.

  16. Bilateral waste-water land-treatment research by China and the US EPA

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Leach, L.E.; Duan, Z.B.; Wang, S.T.

    1991-01-01

    The study was conducted to evaluate the rapid infiltration (R.I.) method of land treatment as a partial solution to wastewater treatment and reuse for the 0.45 billion cu m/yr (15.75 billion cu ft/yr) of safe irrigation water needed by the year 2000. Chinese environmental scientists and water supply managers are considering the use of the technology for diluting high concentrations of nitrate in the ground water while simultaneously recharging severely overdrafted aquifers. The wastewater used in the study contained synthetic organic compounds found on EPA's list of priority pollutants. During the development of EPA's Land Treatment Design Manuals, research wasmore » terminated before a thorough evaluation of the treatability of these compounds could be completed. Therefore, during the study, an evaluation of R.I. systems ability to treat selected priority pollutants as well as fecal coliform bacteria was carried out in the interest of RSKERL's research objectives. Even though the research was focused on operations to optimize the removal of various nitrogen species from primary effluent, the normal wastewater parameters of BOD, COD, SS, Total - P, and TOC were also studied. The volatile organic compounds most prominent in the wastewater, dichloroethene, dichloroethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride were also evaluated for treatability in the cooperative study.« less

  17. Superfund record of decision amendment (EPA Region 5): Woodstock Municipal LF, Woodstock, IL, July 15, 1998

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    This decision document represents the United States Environmental Protection Agency`s (US EPA) selected final remedial action for the Site located in Woodstock, Illinois. The US EPA, in consultation with the IEPA, is modifying the landfill cap profile, and the requirement to construct a groundwater pump-and-treat system to address residual vinyl chloride contamination in the upper water-bearing unit, down gradient of the landfill. This remedy is intended to be the final action for the site, and addresses all contaminated media, including: contaminated soil, sediment, and groundwater, landfilled wastes, leachate generation and emission of landfill gases.

  18. PFAS methods and guidance for sampling and analyzing water and other environmental media (Technical Brief)

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA's methods for analyzing PFAS in environmental media are in various stages of development. This fact sheet summarizes EPA's analytical methods development for groundwater, surface water, wastewater, and solids, including soils, sediments, and biosolids

  19. Scenarios for the Future of Air Quality: Planning and Analysis in an Uncertain World

    EPA Science Inventory

    On November 15 and 16 of 2010, EPA hosted a workshop: The Future of Air Quality: Planning and Analysis in An Uncertain World in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. This workshop was an “outside-of-the-box” thinking exercise, where a small group of EPA staff and managers brainstormed o...

  20. 77 FR 56775 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; California; Determinations of Attainment for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-14

    ... its Technical System Audit of the CARB PQAO (conducted during Summer 2007), that the combined ambient... findings of EPA's Summer 2007 Technical System Audit of CARB's ambient air monitoring program). \\15\\ See, e... through www.regulations.gov or email. www.regulations.gov is an ``anonymous access'' system, and EPA will...

  1. 40 CFR 80.93 - Individual baseline submission and approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... of its individual baseline to EPA (Fuel Studies and Standards Branch, Baseline Submission, U.S. EPA... Studies and Standards Branch, Baseline Petition, U.S. EPA, 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105..., used in the determination of a given fuel parameter; (iii) Identification of test method. If not per...

  2. 40 CFR 80.93 - Individual baseline submission and approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... of its individual baseline to EPA (Fuel Studies and Standards Branch, Baseline Submission, U.S. EPA... Studies and Standards Branch, Baseline Petition, U.S. EPA, 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105..., used in the determination of a given fuel parameter; (iii) Identification of test method. If not per...

  3. 40 CFR 80.93 - Individual baseline submission and approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... of its individual baseline to EPA (Fuel Studies and Standards Branch, Baseline Submission, U.S. EPA... Studies and Standards Branch, Baseline Petition, U.S. EPA, 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105..., used in the determination of a given fuel parameter; (iii) Identification of test method. If not per...

  4. 40 CFR 80.93 - Individual baseline submission and approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... of its individual baseline to EPA (Fuel Studies and Standards Branch, Baseline Submission, U.S. EPA... Studies and Standards Branch, Baseline Petition, U.S. EPA, 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105..., used in the determination of a given fuel parameter; (iii) Identification of test method. If not per...

  5. 75 FR 8292 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Virginia; Opacity Source...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-24

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 52 [EPA-R03-OAR-2010-0009; FRL-9115-8] Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Virginia; Opacity Source Surveillance Methods AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: EPA proposes to approve the State...

  6. EXPERIENCES WITH USING PROBABILISTIC EXPOSURE ANALYSIS METHODS IN THE U.S. EPA

    EPA Science Inventory

    Over the past decade various Offices and Programs within the U.S. EPA have either initiated or increased the development and application of probabilistic exposure analysis models. These models have been applied to a broad range of research or regulatory problems in EPA, such as e...

  7. Other Resources Related to SAM

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Learn more about websites and information related to EPA's Selected Analytical Methods for Environmental Remediation and Recovery (SAM), including key EPA collaborators, laboratories, and research centers.

  8. 76 FR 28664 - Method 301-Field Validation of Pollutant Measurement Methods From Various Waste Media

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-18

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 63 [OAR-2004-0080, FRL-9306-8] RIN 2060-AF00 Method 301--Field Validation of Pollutant Measurement Methods From Various Waste Media AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends EPA's Method 301, Field Validation...

  9. Set of new draft methods for the analysis of organic disinfection by-products, including 551 and 552. Draft report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1993-01-01

    The set of documents discusses the new draft methods (EPA method 551, EPA method 552) for the analysis of disinfection byproducts contained in drinking water. The methods use the techniques of liquid/liquid extraction and gas chromatography with electron capture detection.

  10. Food matrix effects on in vitro digestion of microencapsulated tuna oil powder.

    PubMed

    Shen, Zhiping; Apriani, Christina; Weerakkody, Rangika; Sanguansri, Luz; Augustin, Mary Ann

    2011-08-10

    Tuna oil, containing 53 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 241 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) per gram of oil, delivered as a neat microencapsulated tuna oil powder (25% oil loading) or in food matrices (orange juice, yogurt, or cereal bar) fortified with microencapsulated tuna oil powder was digested in simulated gastric fluid or sequentially in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid. The level of fortification was equivalent to 1 g of tuna oil per recommended serving size (i.e., per 200 g of orange juice or yogurt or 60 g of cereal bar). The changes in particle size of oil droplets during digestion were influenced by the method of delivery of the microencapsulated tuna oil powder. Lipolysis in simulated gastric fluid was low, with only 4.4-6.1% EPA and ≤1.5% DHA released after digestion (as a % of total fatty acids present). After sequential exposure to simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, much higher extents of lipolysis of both glycerol-bound EPA and DHA were obtained (73.2-78.6% for the neat powder, fortified orange juice, and yogurt; 60.3-64.0% for the fortified cereal bar). This research demonstrates that the choice of food matrix may influence the lipolysis of microencapsulated tuna oil.

  11. Conventional engine technology. Volume 3: Comparisons and future potential

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dowdy, M. W.

    1981-01-01

    The status of five conventional automobile engine technologies was assessed and the future potential for increasing fuel economy and reducing exhaust emission was discussed, using the 1980 EPA California emisions standards as a comparative basis. By 1986, the fuel economy of a uniform charge Otto engine with a three-way catalyst is expected to increase 10%, while vehicles with lean burn (fast burn) engines should show a 20% fuel economy increase. Although vehicles with stratified-charge engines and rotary engines are expected to improve, their fuel economy will remain inferior to the other engine types. When adequate NO emissions control methods are implemented to meet the EPA requirements, vehicles with prechamber diesel engines are expected to yield a fuel economy advantage of about 15%. While successful introduction of direct injection diesel engine technology will provide a fuel savings of 30 to 35%, the planned regulation of exhaust particulates could seriously hinder this technology, because it is expected that only the smallest diesel engine vehicles could meet the proposed particulate requirements.

  12. Comparison of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Composting Council microbial detection methods in finished compost and regrowth potential of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in finished compost.

    PubMed

    Reynnells, Russell; Ingram, David T; Roberts, Cheryl; Stonebraker, Richard; Handy, Eric T; Felton, Gary; Vinyard, Bryan T; Millner, Patricia D; Sharma, Manan

    2014-07-01

    Bacterial pathogens may survive and regrow in finished compost due to incomplete thermal inactivation during or recontamination after composting. Twenty-nine finished composts were obtained from 19 U.S. states and were separated into three broad feedstock categories: biosolids (n=10), manure (n=4), and yard waste (n=15). Three replicates of each compost were inoculated with ≈ 1-2 log CFU/g of nonpathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and E. coli O157:H7. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) protocols and U.S. Composting Council's (USCC) Test Methods for the Examination of Composting and Compost (TMECC) were compared to determine which method recovered higher percentages of inoculated E. coli (representing fecal coliforms) and Salmonella spp. from 400-g samples of finished composts. Populations of Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157:H7 were determined over 3 days while stored at 25°C and compared to physicochemical parameters to predict their respective regrowth potentials. EPA Method 1680 recovered significantly (p=0.0003) more inoculated E. coli (68.7%) than TMECC 07.01 (48.1%) due to the EPA method using more compost in the initial homogenate, larger transfer dilutions, and a larger most probable number scheme compared to TMECC 07.01. The recoveries of inoculated Salmonella spp. by Environmental Protection Agency Method 1682 (89.1%) and TMECC 07.02 (72.4%) were not statistically significant (p=0.44). The statistically similar recovery percentages may be explained by the use of a nonselective pre-enrichment step used in both methods. No physicochemical parameter (C:N, moisture content, total organic carbon) was able to serve as a sole predictor of regrowth of Salmonella spp. or E. coli O157:H7 in finished compost. However, statistical analysis revealed that the C:N ratio, total organic carbon, and moisture content all contributed to pathogen regrowth potential in finished composts. It is recommended that the USCC modify TMECC protocols to test larger amounts of compost in the initial homogenate to facilitate greater recovery of target organisms.

  13. DESIGN AND CALIBRATION OF THE EPA PM 2.5 WELL IMPACTOR NINETY-SIX (WINS)

    EPA Science Inventory

    The EPA well-type impactor ninety-six (WINS) was designed and calibrated to serve as a particle size separation device for the EPA reference method sampler for particulate matter under 2.5 um aerodynamic diameter. The WINS was designed to operate downstream of a PM10 inlet at a...

  14. Autoclave decomposition method for metals in soils and sediments.

    PubMed

    Navarrete-López, M; Jonathan, M P; Rodríguez-Espinosa, P F; Salgado-Galeana, J A

    2012-04-01

    Leaching of partially leached metals (Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) was done using autoclave technique which was modified based on EPA 3051A digestion technique. The autoclave method was developed as an alternative to the regular digestion procedure passed the safety norms for partial extraction of metals in polytetrafluoroethylene (PFA vessel) with a low constant temperature (119.5° ± 1.5°C) and the recovery of elements were also precise. The autoclave method was also validated using two Standard Reference Materials (SRMs: Loam Soil B and Loam Soil D) and the recoveries were equally superior to the traditionally established digestion methods. Application of the autoclave was samples from different natural environments (beach, mangrove, river, and city soil) to reproduce the recovery of elements during subsequent analysis.

  15. Proposed Modifications of Environmental Protection Agency Method 1601 for Detection of Coliphages in Drinking Water, with Same-Day Fluorescence-Based Detection and Evaluation by the Performance-Based Measurement System and Alternative Test Protocol Validation Approaches▿

    PubMed Central

    Salter, Robert S.; Durbin, Gregory W.; Conklin, Ernestine; Rosen, Jeff; Clancy, Jennifer

    2010-01-01

    Coliphages are microbial indicators specified in the Ground Water Rule that can be used to monitor for potential fecal contamination of drinking water. The Total Coliform Rule specifies coliform and Escherichia coli indicators for municipal water quality testing; thus, coliphage indicator use is less common and advances in detection methodology are less frequent. Coliphages are viral structures and, compared to bacterial indicators, are more resistant to disinfection and diffuse further distances from pollution sources. Therefore, coliphage presence may serve as a better predictor of groundwater quality. This study describes Fast Phage, a 16- to 24-h presence/absence modification of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 1601 for detection of coliphages in 100 ml water. The objective of the study is to demonstrate that the somatic and male-specific coliphage modifications provide results equivalent to those of Method 1601. Five laboratories compared the modifications, featuring same-day fluorescence-based prediction, to Method 1601 by using the performance-based measurement system (PBMS) criterion. This requires a minimum 50% positive response in 10 replicates of 100-ml water samples at coliphage contamination levels of 1.3 to 1.5 PFU/100 ml. The laboratories showed that Fast Phage meets PBMS criteria with 83.5 to 92.1% correlation of the same-day rapid fluorescence-based prediction with the next-day result. Somatic coliphage PBMS data are compared to manufacturer development data that followed the EPA alternative test protocol (ATP) validation approach. Statistical analysis of the data sets indicates that PBMS utilizes fewer samples than does the ATP approach but with similar conclusions. Results support testing the coliphage modifications by using an EPA-approved national PBMS approach with collaboratively shared samples. PMID:20935123

  16. Proposed modifications of Environmental Protection Agency Method 1601 for detection of coliphages in drinking water, with same-day fluorescence-based detection and evaluation by the performance-based measurement system and alternative test protocol validation approaches.

    PubMed

    Salter, Robert S; Durbin, Gregory W; Conklin, Ernestine; Rosen, Jeff; Clancy, Jennifer

    2010-12-01

    Coliphages are microbial indicators specified in the Ground Water Rule that can be used to monitor for potential fecal contamination of drinking water. The Total Coliform Rule specifies coliform and Escherichia coli indicators for municipal water quality testing; thus, coliphage indicator use is less common and advances in detection methodology are less frequent. Coliphages are viral structures and, compared to bacterial indicators, are more resistant to disinfection and diffuse further distances from pollution sources. Therefore, coliphage presence may serve as a better predictor of groundwater quality. This study describes Fast Phage, a 16- to 24-h presence/absence modification of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 1601 for detection of coliphages in 100 ml water. The objective of the study is to demonstrate that the somatic and male-specific coliphage modifications provide results equivalent to those of Method 1601. Five laboratories compared the modifications, featuring same-day fluorescence-based prediction, to Method 1601 by using the performance-based measurement system (PBMS) criterion. This requires a minimum 50% positive response in 10 replicates of 100-ml water samples at coliphage contamination levels of 1.3 to 1.5 PFU/100 ml. The laboratories showed that Fast Phage meets PBMS criteria with 83.5 to 92.1% correlation of the same-day rapid fluorescence-based prediction with the next-day result. Somatic coliphage PBMS data are compared to manufacturer development data that followed the EPA alternative test protocol (ATP) validation approach. Statistical analysis of the data sets indicates that PBMS utilizes fewer samples than does the ATP approach but with similar conclusions. Results support testing the coliphage modifications by using an EPA-approved national PBMS approach with collaboratively shared samples.

  17. 40 CFR 141.402 - Ground water source microbial monitoring and analytical methods.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    .../1604sp02.pdf or from EPA's Water Resource Center (RC-4100T), 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC... available at http://www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/1600sp02.pdf or from EPA's Water Resource Center (RC-4100T), 1200.../1601ap01.pdf or from EPA's Water Resource Center (RC-4100T), 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC...

  18. Single point aerosol sampling: evaluation of mixing and probe performance in a nuclear stack.

    PubMed

    Rodgers, J C; Fairchild, C I; Wood, G O; Ortiz, C A; Muyshondt, A; McFarland, A R

    1996-01-01

    Alternative reference methodologies have been developed for sampling of radionuclides from stacks and ducts, which differ from the methods previously required by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. These alternative reference methodologies have recently been approved by the U.S. EPA for use in lieu of the current standard techniques. The standard EPA methods are prescriptive in selection of sampling locations and in design of sampling probes whereas the alternative reference methodologies are performance driven. Tests were conducted in a stack at Los Alamos National Laboratory to demonstrate the efficacy of some aspects of the alternative reference methodologies. Coefficients of variation of velocity, tracer gas, and aerosol particle profiles were determined at three sampling locations. Results showed that numerical criteria placed upon the coefficients of variation by the alternative reference methodologies were met at sampling stations located 9 and 14 stack diameters from the flow entrance, but not at a location that was 1.5 diameters downstream from the inlet. Experiments were conducted to characterize the transmission of 10 microns aerodynamic diameter liquid aerosol particles through three types of sampling probes. The transmission ratio (ratio of aerosol concentration at the probe exit plane to the concentration in the free stream) was 107% for a 113 L min-1 (4-cfm) anisokinetic shrouded probe, but only 20% for an isokinetic probe that follows the existing EPA standard requirements. A specially designed isokinetic probe showed a transmission ratio of 63%. The shrouded probe performance would conform to the alternative reference methodologies criteria; however, the isokinetic probes would not.

  19. PM: RESEARCH METHODS FOR PM TOXIC COMPOUNDS - PARTICLE METHODS EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT

    EPA Science Inventory

    The Federal Reference Method (FRM) for Particulate Matter (PM) developed by EPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL) forms the backbone of the EPA's national monitoring strategy. It is the measurement that defines attainment of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard...

  20. CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYST RECOVERY IN WATER BY EPA METHOD 1623: EVALUATION OF A MODIFIED IMS DISSOCIATION

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA Methods 1622 and 1623 are the benchmarks for detection of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in water. These methods consist of filtration, elution, purification by immunomagnetic separation (IMS), and microscopic analysis after staining with a fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate...

  1. Standardization of enterococci density estimates by EPA qPCR methods and comparison of beach action value exceedances in river waters with culture methods

    EPA Science Inventory

    The U.S.EPA has published recommendations for calibrator cell equivalent (CCE) densities of enterococci in recreational waters determined by a qPCR method in its 2012 Recreational Water Quality Criteria (RWQC). The CCE quantification unit stems from the calibration model used to ...

  2. Students from UMass/Lowell Win $15,000 EPA Grant for Innovative Technology Project

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    A student research team from the University of Massachusetts in Lowell has been awarded $15,000 from the US Environmental Protection Agency to research a technology that would turn seafood shells and waste into fertilizer.

  3. EnviroAtlas - Austin, TX - Riparian Buffer Land Cover by Block Group

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This EnviroAtlas dataset describes the percentage of forested, vegetated, and impervious land within 15- and 50-meters of hydrologically connected streams, rivers, and other water bodies within the EnviroAtlas community area. Forest is defined as Trees & Forest. Vegetated cover is defined as Trees & Forest and Grass & Herbaceous. This dataset was produced by the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas. EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas) allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the contiguous United States. The dataset is available as downloadable data (https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas) or as an EnviroAtlas map service. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this dataset can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

  4. 78 FR 32558 - Expedited Approval of Alternative Test Procedures for the Analysis of Contaminants Under the Safe...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-31

    ...This action announces the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) approval of alternative testing methods for use in measuring the levels of contaminants in drinking water and determining compliance with national primary drinking water regulations. The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) authorizes EPA to approve the use of alternative testing methods through publication in the Federal Register. EPA is using this streamlined authority to make 84 additional methods available for analyzing drinking water samples. This expedited approach provides public water systems, laboratories, and primacy agencies with more timely access to new measurement techniques and greater flexibility in the selection of analytical methods, thereby reducing monitoring costs while maintaining public health protection.

  5. DEVELOPMENT OF METHOD 535 FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CHLOROACETANILIDE AND OTHER ACETAMIDE HERBICIDE DEGRADATES IN DRINKING WATER BY SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION AND LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA Method 535 has been developed in order to provide a method for the analysis of "Alachlor ESA and other acetanilide degradation products" which are listed on U.S. EPA's 1998 Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List. Method 535 uses solid phase extraction with a nonporous gr...

  6. Impact of EPA ingestion on COX- and LOX-mediated eicosanoid synthesis in skin with and without a pro-inflammatory UVR challenge--report of a randomised controlled study in humans.

    PubMed

    Pilkington, Suzanne M; Rhodes, Lesley E; Al-Aasswad, Naser M I; Massey, Karen A; Nicolaou, Anna

    2014-03-01

    Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), abundant in oily fish, is reported to reduce skin inflammation and provide photoprotection, potential mechanisms include competition with arachidonic acid (AA) for metabolism by cyclooxygenases/lipoxygenases to less pro-inflammatory mediators. We thus examine impact of EPA intake on levels of AA, EPA and their resulting eicosanoids in human skin with or without ultraviolet radiation (UVR) challenge. In a double-blind randomised controlled study, 79 females took 5 g EPA-rich or control lipid for 12 wk. Pre- and post-supplementation, red blood cell and skin polyunsaturated fatty acids were assessed by GC, and eicosanoids from unexposed and UVR-exposed skin by LC-MS/MS. Active supplementation increased red blood cell and dermal EPA versus control (both p < 0.001), lowering relative AA:EPA content (4:1 versus 15:1 and 5:1 versus 11:1, respectively; both p < 0.001). Pre-supplementation, UVR increased PGE2, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, 12-HEPE (all p < 0.001) and PGE3 (p < 0.05). Post-EPA, PGE2 was reduced in unchallenged skin (p < 0.05) while EPA-derived PGE3 (non-sign) and 12-HEPE (p < 0.01) were elevated post-UVR. Thus, post-EPA, PGE2 :PGE3 was lower in unchallenged (12:1 versus 28:1; p < 0.05) and UVR exposed (12:1 versus 54:1; p < 0.01) skin; 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids:12-HEPE was lower in UVR-exposed skin (3:1 versus 11:1; p < 0.001). Dietary EPA augments skin EPA:AA content, shifting eicosanoid synthesis towards less pro-inflammatory species, and promoting a regulatory milieu under basal conditions and in response to inflammatory insult. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  7. Report: Decline In EPA Particulate Matter Methods Development Activities May Hamper Timely Achievement of Program Goals

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #2003-P-00016, September 30, 2003. EPA has not supported PM2.5 methods development activities to the extent necessary to fully achieve the short- and long-range goals of the PM2.5 program in a timely manner.

  8. \\tLaboratory Environmental Sample Disposal Information Document - Companion to Standardized Analytical Methods for Environmental Restoration Following Homeland Security Events (SAM) – Revision 5.0

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Document is intended to provide general guidelines for use byEPA and EPA-contracted laboratories when disposing of samples and associated analytical waste following use of the analytical methods listed in SAM.

  9. Report: Eleven Years After Agreement, EPA Has Not Developed Reliable Emission Estimation Methods to Determine Whether Animal Feeding Operations Comply With Clean Air Act and Other Statutes

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #17-P-0396, September 19, 2017. Until the EPA develops sound methods to estimate emissions, the agency cannot reliably determine whether animal feeding operations comply with applicable Clean Air Act requirements.

  10. Eicosapentaenoic acid production from Nannochloropsis oceanica CY2 using deep sea water in outdoor plastic-bag type photobioreactors.

    PubMed

    Chen, Chun-Yen; Nagarajan, Dillirani; Cheah, Wai Yan

    2018-04-01

    In this study, Nannochloropsis oceanica CY2 was grown in deep-sea water (DSW)-based medium in 5-L plastic bag-type photobioreactors (PBRs) for the autotrophic production of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3). EPA production of N. oceanica CY2 was stimulated when it was grown in 100% DSW amended with 1.5 g L -1 NaNO 3 , achieving a EPA content of 3.1% and a biomass concentration of 3.3 g L -1 . An outdoor-simulated microalgae cultivation system was also conducted to validate the feasibility of outdoor cultivation of the CY2 strain in plastic bag-type PBRs. Using an inoculum size of 0.6 g/L, the biomass concentration in the PBR culture was 3.5 g L -1 , while the EPA content and productivity reached a maximal level of 4.12% and 7.49 mg L -1  d -1 , respectively. When the PBRs were operated on semi-batch mode, the EPA productivity could further increase to 9.9 mg L -1  d -1 with a stable EPA content of 4.1%. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. DEVELOPMENT OF AN EPA METHOD FOR PERFLUOROALKYL COMPOUNDS IN DRINKING WATER

    EPA Science Inventory

    Over the past five years, perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) in water have become an emerging environmental issue. This research focuses on the development of an analytical method for the determination of perfluoroalkyl compounds in drinking water to be used by EPA's Office of Grou...

  12. Woodstove Emission Sampling Methods Comparability Analysis and In-situ Evaluation of New Technology Woodstoves.

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Simons, Carl A.

    1988-06-01

    One major objective of this study was to compare several woodstove particulate emission sampling methods under laboratory and in-situ conditions. The laboratory work compared the EPA Method 5H, EPA Method 5G, and OMNI Automated Woodstove Emission Sampler (AWES)/Data LOG'r particulate emission sampling systems. A second major objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of two integral catalytic, two low emission non-catalytic, and two conventional technology woodstoves under in-situ conditions with AWES/Data LOG'r system. The AWES/Data LOG'r and EPA Method 5G sampling systems were also compared in an in-situ test on one of the integral catalytic woodstove models. 7more » figs., 12 tabs.« less

  13. Effects of nutritional factors on the growth and heterotrophic eicosapentaenoic acid production of diatom Nitzschia laevis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cao, Xiaohong; Li, Songyao; Wang, Chunling; Lu, Meifang

    2008-08-01

    The effects of several nutritional factors on the growth and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production of diatom Nitzschia laevis were studied. 4 LDM (quadrupled concentration of the nutrient salt) was the optimal concentration of nutrient salt for the growth and EPA production of N. laevis. The growth of N. laevis was inhibited when the glucose concentration was either lower than 10 gL-1 or higher than 15 gL-1. Both sodium nitrate and urea were good nitrogen sources for the growth and EPA production, while ammonium chloride seriously decreased the dry cell weight (DW) and the EPA content. Silicate seriously influenced the growth of N. laevis. The maximum DW of 2.34 gL-1 was obtained in the presence of 150 mgL-1 Na2SiO3·9H2O. The EPA content remained almost the same when the silicate concentration was lower than 150 mgL-1; however, higher silicate concentrations resulted in a steady decrease of EPA content. Low medium salinity (⩽29) did not seem to influence the DW of N. laevis, and high salinity resulted in a decrease of DW. The highest EPA content (4.08%) and yield (110 mgL-1) were observed at the salinity of 36 and 29, respectively.

  14. DESIGN AND CALIBRATION OF THE EPA PM2.5 WELL IMPACTOR NINETY-SIX (WINS)

    EPA Science Inventory

    The EPA well-type impactor ninety-six (WINS) was designed and calibrated to serve as a particle size separation device for the EPA reference method sampler for particulate matter under 2.5 um aerodynamic diameter. The WINS was designed to operate downstream of a PM10 inlet at a v...

  15. Hg0 and HgCl2 Reference Gas Standards: NIST Traceability and Comparability (And EPA ALT Methods for Hg and HCl )

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA and NIST have collaborated to establish the necessary procedures for establishing the required NIST traceability of commercially-provided Hg0 and HgCl2 reference generators. This presentation will discuss the approach of a joint EPA/NIST study to accurately quantify the tru...

  16. Detection and quantification limits of the EPA Enterococcus qPCR method

    EPA Science Inventory

    The U.S. EPA will be recommending a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method targeting Enterococcus spp. as an option for monitoring recreational beach water quality in 2013 and has published preliminary proposed water quality criteria guidelines for the method. An im...

  17. Cheminformatics Analysis of EPA ToxCast Chemical Libraries ...

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    An important goal of toxicology research is the development of robust methods that use in vitro and chemical structure information to predict in vivo toxicity endpoints. The US EPA ToxCast program is addressing this goal using ~600 in vitro assays to create bioactivity profiles on a set of 320 compounds, mostly pesticide actives, that have well characterized in vivo toxicity. These 320 compounds (EPA-320 set evaluated in Phase I of ToxCast) are a subset of a much larger set of ~10,000 candidates that are of interest to the EPA (called here EPA-10K). Predictive models of in vivo toxicity are being constructed from the in vitro assay data on the EPA-320 chemical set. These models require validation on additional chemicals prior to wide acceptance, and this will be carried out by evaluating compounds from EPA-10K in Phase II of ToxCast. We have used cheminformatics approaches including clustering, data visualization, and QSAR to develop models for EPA-320 that could help prioritizing EPA-10K validation chemicals. Both chemical descriptors, as well as calculated physicochemical properties have been used. Compounds from EPA-10K are prioritized based on their similarity to EPA-320 using different similarity metrics, with similarity thresholds defining the domain of applicability for the predictive models built for EPA-320 set. In addition, prioritized lists of compounds of increasing dissimilarity from the EPA-320 have been produced, to test the ability of the EPA-320

  18. Clinical implications of eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio (EPA/AA) in adult patients with congenital heart disease.

    PubMed

    Kanoh, Miki; Inai, Kei; Shinohara, Tokuko; Tomimatsu, Hirofumi; Nakanishi, Toshio

    2017-12-01

    Recent studies showed that a low ratio between the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and those of arachidonic acid (EPA/AA) is associated with higher incidence of coronary artery disease and poor prognosis of heart failure, arrhythmia, and cardiac sudden death. However, the clinical implications of EPA/AA in adult patients with congenital heart disease remain unclear. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of EPA/AA regarding cardiac events in adult patients with congenital heart disease. We measured the serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid in 130 adult patients (median age, 31 years) stratified into two groups according to their EPA/AA (low, ≤0.22; high, >0.22). We prospectively analyzed the association between EPA/AA and incidence of cardiac events during a mean observation period of 15 months, expressed in terms of hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). In the subgroup of patients with biventricular circulation (2VC) (n = 76), we analyzed the same clinical endpoints. In our study population, EPA/AA was not associated with the incidence of arrhythmic events (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.82-2.85; p = 0.19), but low EPA/AA was a predictor of heart failure hospitalization (HR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.35-6.30; p < 0.01). Among patients with 2VC, an EPA/AA of ≤0.25 was associated with a significantly higher risk of arrhythmic events (HR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.11-6.41; p = 0.03) and heart failure hospitalization (HR, 5.20; 95% CI, 1.78-18.1; p < 0.01). EPA/AA represents a useful predictor of cardiac events in adult patients with congenital heart disease.

  19. A Method for Improved Interpretation of "Spot" Biomarker Data ...

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    A Method for Improved Interpretation of "Spot" Biomarker Data The National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL) Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division (HEASD) conducts research in support of EPA mission to protect human health and the environment. HEASD research program supports Goal 1 (Clean Air) and Goal 4 (Healthy People) of EPA strategic plan. More specifically, our division conducts research to characterize the movement of pollutants from the source to contact with humans. Our multidisciplinary research program produces Methods, Measurements, and Models to identify relationships between and characterize processes that link source emissions, environmental concentrations, human exposures, and target-tissue dose. The impact of these tools is improved regulatory programs and policies for EPA.

  20. Steroid hormones in environmental matrices: extraction method comparison.

    PubMed

    Andaluri, Gangadhar; Suri, Rominder P S; Graham, Kendon

    2017-11-09

    The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed methods for the analysis of steroid hormones in water, soil, sediment, and municipal biosolids by HRGC/HRMS (EPA Method 1698). Following the guidelines provided in US-EPA Method 1698, the extraction methods were validated with reagent water and applied to municipal wastewater, surface water, and municipal biosolids using GC/MS/MS for the analysis of nine most commonly detected steroid hormones. This is the first reported comparison of the separatory funnel extraction (SFE), continuous liquid-liquid extraction (CLLE), and Soxhlet extraction methods developed by the U.S. EPA. Furthermore, a solid phase extraction (SPE) method was also developed in-house for the extraction of steroid hormones from aquatic environmental samples. This study provides valuable information regarding the robustness of the different extraction methods. Statistical analysis of the data showed that SPE-based methods provided better recovery efficiencies and lower variability of the steroid hormones followed by SFE. The analytical methods developed in-house for extraction of biosolids showed a wide recovery range; however, the variability was low (≤ 7% RSD). Soxhlet extraction and CLLE are lengthy procedures and have been shown to provide highly variably recovery efficiencies. The results of this study are guidance for better sample preparation strategies in analytical methods for steroid hormone analysis, and SPE adds to the choice in environmental sample analysis.

  1. Subtask 4.24 - Field Evaluation of Novel Approach for Obtaining Metal Emission Data

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pavlish, John; Laudal, Dennis; Thompson, Jeffrey

    2013-12-31

    Over the past two decades, emissions of mercury, nonmercury metals, and acid gases from energy generation and chemical production have increasingly become an environmental concern. On February 16, 2012, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) to reduce mercury, nonmercury metals, and HCl emissions from coal-fired power plants. The current reference methods for trace metals and halogens are wet-chemistry methods, EPA Method (M) 29 and M26A, respectively. As a possible alternative to EPA M29 and M26A, the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) has developed a novel multielement sorbent trap (ME-ST) method tomore » be used to sample for trace elements and/or halogens. Testing was conducted at three different power plants, and the results show that for halogens, the ME-ST halogen (ME-ST-H) method did not show any significant bias compared to EPA M26A and appears to be a potential candidate to serve as an alternative to the reference method. For metals, the ME-ST metals (ME-ST-M) method offers a lower detection limit compared to EPA M29 and generally produced comparable data for Sb, As, Be, Cd, Co, Hg, and Se. Both the ME-ST-M and M29 had problems associated with high blanks for Ni, Pb, Cr, and Mn. Although this problem has been greatly reduced through improved trap design and material selection, additional research is still needed to explore possible longer sampling durations and/or selection of lower background materials before the ME-ST-M can be considered as a potential alternative method for all the trace metals listed in MATS.« less

  2. EVALUATION OF POSSIBLE BIASES IN THE U.S. EPA'S METHOD 101A-MERCURY EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES

    EPA Science Inventory

    The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, has a program to evaluate and standardize source testing methods for hazardous pollutants in support of current and future air quality regulations. ccasionally, questions arise concerning an e...

  3. A Modified EPA Method 1623 that Uses Tangential Flow Hollow-Fiber Ultrafiltration and Heat Dissociation Steps to Detect Waterborne Cryptosporidum and Giardia spp.

    EPA Science Inventory

    This protocol describes the use of a tangential flow hollow-fiber ultrafiltration sample concentration system and a heat dissociation as alternative steps for the detection of waterborne Cryptosporidium and Giardia species using EPA Method 1623.

  4. EVALUATION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYST RECOVERY IN WATER BY EPA METHOD 1623 WITH A MODIFIED IMS DISSOCIATION PROCEDURE

    EPA Science Inventory

    U.S.EPA Methods 1622 and 1623 are used for the detection of waterborne Cryptosporium. These methods consist of filtration, elution, purificaiton by immunomagnetic separation (IMS), and microscopic analysis for oocysts stained by a fluorescent monoclonal antibody and counter stai...

  5. EVALUATION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYST RECOVERY IN WATER BY EPA METHOD 1623 WITH A MODIFIED IMS DISSOCIATION PROCEDURE.

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA Methods 1622 and 1623 are the benchmarks for detection of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in water. 5-7 These methods consist of filtration, elution, purification by immunomagnetic separation (IMS), and microscopic analysis after staining with a fluorescein isothiocyanate conju...

  6. EFFECTS OF ENDOGENOUS AND XENOBIOTIC CHEMICALS ON INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR (IGF) INDUCTION IN THE SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA has been mandated by Congress to develop methods to assess the health and ecological effects of "endocrine-disrupting chemicals" in the environment. To date, EPA's focus has been on reproductive impairment and thyroid function. Here, we describe an in vivo method for growth a...

  7. DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO ACCURATELY MEASURE TRACE LEVELS OF VOCS AND SVOCS IN SOIL AND SEDIMENT WITH HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT

    EPA Science Inventory

    Risk assessment is a crucial component of the site remediation decision-making process. Some current EPA methods do not have detection limits low enough for risk assessment of many VOCs (e.g., EPA Region 3 Risk Based Concentration levels, EPA Region 9 Preliminary Remediation Goa...

  8. Field Evaluation of Portable and Central Site PM Samplers Emphasizing Additive and Differential Mass Concentration Estimates

    EPA Science Inventory

    The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and the accompanying Federal Reference Method (FRM) for PM10 in 1987. The EPA revised the particle standards and FRM in 1997 to include PM2.5. In 2005, EPA...

  9. Evaluation of methods for the assay of radium-228 in water

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Noyce, J.R.

    1981-02-01

    The technical literature from 1967 to May 1980 was searched for methods for assaying radium-228 in water. These methods were evaluated for their suitability as potential EPA reference methods for drinking water assays. The authors suggest the present EPA reference method (Krieger, 1976) be retained but improved, and a second method (McCurdy and Mellor, 1979), which employs beta-gamma coincidence counting, be added. Included in this report is a table that lists the principal features of 17 methods for radium-228 assays.

  10. 40 CFR 141.402 - Ground water source microbial monitoring and analytical methods.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... for the presence of E. coli, enterococci, or coliphage: Analytical Methods for Source Water Monitoring... Microbiology, 62:3881-3884. 10 EPA Method 1601: Male-specific (F+) and Somatic Coliphage in Water by Two-step... 20460. 11 EPA Method 1602: Male-specific (F+) and Somatic Coliphage in Water by Single Agar Layer (SAL...

  11. 40 CFR 141.402 - Ground water source microbial monitoring and analytical methods.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... for the presence of E. coli, enterococci, or coliphage: Analytical Methods for Source Water Monitoring... Microbiology, 62:3881-3884. 10 EPA Method 1601: Male-specific (F+) and Somatic Coliphage in Water by Two-step... 20460. 11 EPA Method 1602: Male-specific (F+) and Somatic Coliphage in Water by Single Agar Layer (SAL...

  12. Radon Reduction Methods: A Homeowner's Guide.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

    The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is studying the effectiveness of various ways to reduce high concentrations of radon in houses. This booklet was produced to share what has been learned with those whose radon problems demand immediate action. The booklet describes nine methods that have been tested successfully--by EPA and/or other…

  13. 40 CFR Appendix 1 to Subpart A of... - Static Sheen Test (EPA Method 1617)

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... free oil” requirement for discharges of drilling fluids, drill cuttings, produced sand, and well... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Static Sheen Test (EPA Method 1617) 1 Appendix 1 to Subpart A of Part 435 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED...

  14. 40 CFR Appendix 1 to Subpart A of... - Static Sheen Test (EPA Method 1617)

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... free oil” requirement for discharges of drilling fluids, drill cuttings, produced sand, and well... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Static Sheen Test (EPA Method 1617) 1 Appendix 1 to Subpart A of Part 435 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED...

  15. 40 CFR Appendix 1 to Subpart A of... - Static Sheen Test (EPA Method 1617)

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... free oil” requirement for discharges of drilling fluids, drill cuttings, produced sand, and well... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Static Sheen Test (EPA Method 1617) 1 Appendix 1 to Subpart A of Part 435 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED...

  16. 40 CFR 761.70 - Incineration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... at EPA Headquarters. The contingency plan indicates what alternative measures the incinerator owner... method has been approved by EPA. (The HCl neutralizing capability of cement kilns is considered to be an...

  17. 40 CFR 761.70 - Incineration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... at EPA Headquarters. The contingency plan indicates what alternative measures the incinerator owner... method has been approved by EPA. (The HCl neutralizing capability of cement kilns is considered to be an...

  18. A 3.4-kb Copy-Number Deletion near EPAS1 Is Significantly Enriched in High-Altitude Tibetans but Absent from the Denisovan Sequence.

    PubMed

    Lou, Haiyi; Lu, Yan; Lu, Dongsheng; Fu, Ruiqing; Wang, Xiaoji; Feng, Qidi; Wu, Sijie; Yang, Yajun; Li, Shilin; Kang, Longli; Guan, Yaqun; Hoh, Boon-Peng; Chung, Yeun-Jun; Jin, Li; Su, Bing; Xu, Shuhua

    2015-07-02

    Tibetan high-altitude adaptation (HAA) has been studied extensively, and many candidate genes have been reported. Subsequent efforts targeting HAA functional variants, however, have not been that successful (e.g., no functional variant has been suggested for the top candidate HAA gene, EPAS1). With WinXPCNVer, a method developed in this study, we detected in microarray data a Tibetan-enriched deletion (TED) carried by 90% of Tibetans; 50% were homozygous for the deletion, whereas only 3% carried the TED and 0% carried the homozygous deletion in 2,792 worldwide samples (p < 10(-15)). We employed long PCR and Sanger sequencing technologies to determine the exact copy number and breakpoints of the TED in 70 additional Tibetan and 182 diverse samples. The TED had identical boundaries (chr2: 46,694,276-46,697,683; hg19) and was 80 kb downstream of EPAS1. Notably, the TED was in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD; r(2) = 0.8) with EPAS1 variants associated with reduced blood concentrations of hemoglobin. It was also in complete LD with the 5-SNP motif, which was suspected to be introgressed from Denisovans, but the deletion itself was absent from the Denisovan sequence. Correspondingly, we detected that footprints of positive selection for the TED occurred 12,803 (95% confidence interval = 12,075-14,725) years ago. We further whole-genome deep sequenced (>60×) seven Tibetans and verified the TED but failed to identify any other copy-number variations with comparable patterns, giving this TED top priority for further study. We speculate that the specific patterns of the TED resulted from its own functionality in HAA of Tibetans or LD with a functional variant of EPAS1. Copyright © 2015 The American Society of Human Genetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. Combined production of fucoxanthin and EPA from two diatom strains Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Cylindrotheca fusiformis cultures.

    PubMed

    Wang, Hui; Zhang, Yan; Chen, Lin; Cheng, Wentao; Liu, Tianzhong

    2018-04-04

    Fucoxanthin and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) provide significant health benefits for human population. Diatom is a potential natural livestock for the combined production of EPA and fucoxanthin. In this study, first, the effects of three important parameters including light intensity, nitrogen concentration and salinity were evaluated for the production of EPA and fucoxanthin in two diatom strains Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Cylindrotheca fusiformis. And then, two steps method based on light intensity were applied to produce EPA and fucoxanthin in large scale. Higher light intensity was first adopted for the high growth rate and lipid content of diatom, and after a period of time, light intensity was lowered to enhance the accumulation of fucoxanthin and EPA. In final, the highest EPA yields were 62.55 and 27.32 mg L -1 for P. tricornutum and C. fusiformis, and the fucoxanthin yield reached 8.32 and 6.05 mg L -1 , respectively.

  20. 77 FR 1027 - Approval and Promulgation of State Implementation Plans; State of Colorado; Interstate Transport...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-09

    ...)(xi).... A-I.B.10 D-II.A.5 Baseline Area definition. Yes 51.166(b)(15)....... EPA is approving this... Certain Nonattainment Area Requirements). N/A D-V.A.7.d Documents available for No 51.165(a)(7... Exemptions from Certain Yes 51.165, Appx. EPA is approving this Nonattainment Area S.IV.B... section...

  1. 40 CFR 725.15 - Determining applicability when microorganism identity or use is confidential or uncertain.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... microorganism identity or use is confidential or uncertain. 725.15 Section 725.15 Protection of Environment... microorganism identity or use is confidential or uncertain. (a) Consulting EPA. Persons intending to conduct... on the Inventory, in § 725.239 or in subpart M of this part. (1) Confidential identity or use. In...

  2. 40 CFR 725.15 - Determining applicability when microorganism identity or use is confidential or uncertain.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... microorganism identity or use is confidential or uncertain. 725.15 Section 725.15 Protection of Environment... microorganism identity or use is confidential or uncertain. (a) Consulting EPA. Persons intending to conduct... on the Inventory, in § 725.239 or in subpart M of this part. (1) Confidential identity or use. In...

  3. 40 CFR 725.15 - Determining applicability when microorganism identity or use is confidential or uncertain.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... microorganism identity or use is confidential or uncertain. 725.15 Section 725.15 Protection of Environment... microorganism identity or use is confidential or uncertain. (a) Consulting EPA. Persons intending to conduct... on the Inventory, in § 725.239 or in subpart M of this part. (1) Confidential identity or use. In...

  4. 40 CFR 725.15 - Determining applicability when microorganism identity or use is confidential or uncertain.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... microorganism identity or use is confidential or uncertain. 725.15 Section 725.15 Protection of Environment... microorganism identity or use is confidential or uncertain. (a) Consulting EPA. Persons intending to conduct... on the Inventory, in § 725.239 or in subpart M of this part. (1) Confidential identity or use. In...

  5. 40 CFR 725.15 - Determining applicability when microorganism identity or use is confidential or uncertain.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... microorganism identity or use is confidential or uncertain. 725.15 Section 725.15 Protection of Environment... microorganism identity or use is confidential or uncertain. (a) Consulting EPA. Persons intending to conduct... on the Inventory, in § 725.239 or in subpart M of this part. (1) Confidential identity or use. In...

  6. EPA blocks TNF-α-induced inhibition of sugar uptake in Caco-2 cells via GPR120 and AMPK.

    PubMed

    Castilla-Madrigal, Rosa; Barrenetxe, Jaione; Moreno-Aliaga, María J; Lostao, María Pilar

    2018-03-01

    The aim of the present work was to investigate in Caco-2 cells whether eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, could block the inhibitory effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on sugar transport, and identify the intracellular signaling pathways involved. After pre-incubation of the Caco-2 cells with TNF-α and EPA for 1 hr, EPA prevented the inhibitory effect of the cytokine on α-methyl-d-glucose (αMG) uptake (15 min) and on SGLT1 expression at the brush border membrane, measured by Western blot. The ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 and the AMPK activator AICAR also prevented the inhibitory effect of TNF-α on both αMG uptake and SGLT1 expression. Interestingly, the AMPK inhibitor, Compound C, abolished the ability of EPA to prevent TNF-α-induced reduction of sugar uptake and transporter expression. The GPR120 antagonist, AH7614, also blocked the preventive effect of EPA on TNF-α-induced decrease of αMG uptake and AMPK phosphorylation. In summary, TNF-α inhibits αMG uptake by decreasing SGLT1 expression in the brush border membrane through the activation of ERK1/2 pathway. EPA prevents the inhibitory effect of TNF-α through the involvement of GPR120 and AMPK activation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  7. Meet EPA Scientist Jody Shoemaker, Ph.D.

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA research chemist Jody Shoemaker, Ph.D., works to support Agency efforts to protect drinking water. She helps develop methods for analyzing organic chemicals on the Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List (CCL).

  8. Report: EPA’s Oversight of State Pesticide Inspections Needs Improvement to Better Ensure Safeguards for Workers, Public and Environment Are Enforced

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-P-0156, May 15, 2015. Improvements in the EPA's inspection report review process will increase assurance that state inspections are preventing unreasonable risk to human health and the environment from pesticides.

  9. Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Induced Macrophages Activation through GPR120-Mediated Raf-ERK1/2-IKKβ-NF-κB p65 Signaling Pathways

    PubMed Central

    Han, Lirong; Song, Shumin; Niu, Yabing; Meng, Meng; Wang, Chunling

    2017-01-01

    Objectives: To investigate the immunomodulatory effect and molecular mechanisms of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, a typical kind of n-3PUFAs) on RAW264.7 cells. Methods: A variety of research methods, including the RAW264.7 cells culture, cell proliferation assays, morphologic observations, measurements of NO production, cytokine assays, nuclear protein extractions, western blot analyses and NF-κB p65 immunofluorescence assays were used in this study. Results: The results showed that EPA could increase the proliferation index and enhance the release of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. Western blotting results revealed that the protein level of GPR120 increased significantly in RAW264.7 cells after EPA treatment. Meanwhile, EPA elevated the phosphorylation status of Raf, which may act as an upstream regulator of EPA-induced phosphorylated ERK1/2. In addition, the phosphorylated ERK1/2 may then promote IKKβ in endochylema and translocate the NF-κB p65 subunit into the nucleus, thus regulating the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cytokines. Conclusions: EPA (0.6–3.0 μmol) activates RAW264.7 cells through GPR120-mediated Raf-ERK1/2-IKKβ-NF-κB p65 signaling pathways. PMID:28841192

  10. Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Induced Macrophages Activation through GPR120-Mediated Raf-ERK1/2-IKKβ-NF-κB p65 Signaling Pathways.

    PubMed

    Han, Lirong; Song, Shumin; Niu, Yabing; Meng, Meng; Wang, Chunling

    2017-08-25

    Objectives: To investigate the immunomodulatory effect and molecular mechanisms of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, a typical kind of n-3PUFAs) on RAW264.7 cells. Methods: A variety of research methods, including the RAW264.7 cells culture, cell proliferation assays, morphologic observations, measurements of NO production, cytokine assays, nuclear protein extractions, western blot analyses and NF-κB p65 immunofluorescence assays were used in this study. Results: The results showed that EPA could increase the proliferation index and enhance the release of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. Western blotting results revealed that the protein level of GPR120 increased significantly in RAW264.7 cells after EPA treatment. Meanwhile, EPA elevated the phosphorylation status of Raf, which may act as an upstream regulator of EPA-induced phosphorylated ERK1/2. In addition, the phosphorylated ERK1/2 may then promote IKKβ in endochylema and translocate the NF-κB p65 subunit into the nucleus, thus regulating the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cytokines. Conclusions: EPA (0.6-3.0 μmol) activates RAW264.7 cells through GPR120-mediated Raf-ERK1/2-IKKβ-NF-κB p65 signaling pathways.

  11. 40 CFR 148.15 - Waste specific prohibitions-second third wastes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... facilities. (e) Effective June 8, 1991, the waste specified in 40 CFR 261.32 as EPA Hazardous Waste number... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Waste specific prohibitions-second third wastes. 148.15 Section 148.15 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED...

  12. 40 CFR 148.15 - Waste specific prohibitions-second third wastes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... facilities. (e) Effective June 8, 1991, the waste specified in 40 CFR 261.32 as EPA Hazardous Waste number... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Waste specific prohibitions-second third wastes. 148.15 Section 148.15 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED...

  13. 40 CFR 148.15 - Waste specific prohibitions-second third wastes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... facilities. (e) Effective June 8, 1991, the waste specified in 40 CFR 261.32 as EPA Hazardous Waste number... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Waste specific prohibitions-second third wastes. 148.15 Section 148.15 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED...

  14. 78 FR 19260 - Information Collection Request Submitted to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-29

    ... Management and Budget (OMB) for review and approval in accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C...- OAR-2005-0161, to (1) EPA online using www.regulations.gov (our preferred method), by email to a-and-r... . Address comments to OMB Desk Officer for EPA. EPA's policy is that all comments received will be included...

  15. Linkage of the National Health Interview Survey to air quality data.

    PubMed

    Parker, Jennifer D; Kravets, Nataliya; Woodruff, Tracey J

    2008-02-01

    This report describes the linkage between the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and air monitoring data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). There have been few linkages of these data sources, partly because of restrictions on releasing geographic detail from NHIS on public-use files in order to protect participant confidentiality. Pollution exposures for NHIS respondents were calculated by averaging the annual average exposure estimates from EPA air monitors both within 5, 10, 15, and 20 miles of the respondent's block-group location (which is available on restricted NHIS data files) and by county of residence. The 1987-2005 linked data files--referred to as NHIS-EPAAnnualAir--were used to describe the percentage of NHIS respondents linked and the median exposures by linkage method, survey year, and pollutant. Using the 2005 NHIS-EPAAnnualAir data file, the percentage linked and median exposure were described by respondent characteristics, linkage method, and pollutant. Many decisions were made to define pollution exposures for NHIS respondents, including monitor selection, location assignment for NHIS respondents, and geographic linkage criteria. Geographic linkage criteria for assigning area-level exposure estimates affected the percentage and composition of respondents included in the resulting linked sample. Median exposure estimates, however, were similar among geographic linkage methods. NHIS-EPAAnnualAir data files for 1985 through 2005 are currently available to users in the NCHS Research Data Center.

  16. Status report on analytical methods to support the disinfectant/disinfection by-products regulation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1992-08-01

    The U.S. EPA is developng national regulations to control disinfectants and disinfection by-products in public drinking water supplies. Twelve disinfectants and disinfection by-products are identified for possible regulation under this rule. The document summarizes the analytical methods that EPA intends to propose as compliance monitoring methods. A discussion of surrogate measurements that are being considered for inclusion in the regulation is also provided.

  17. RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE U.S. EPA'S METHODS 101A - DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE AND GASEOUS MERCURY EMISSIONS

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA Method 101A applies to the determination of particulate and gaseous mercury missions from sewage sludge incinerators and other sources. oncern has been expressed hat ammonia or hydrogen chloride (HCl) when present in the emissions, interferes in the analytical processes and p...

  18. 40 CFR 1027.130 - How do I make a fee payment?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... method available for payment online at www.Pay.gov., or as specified in EPA guidance. (b) Send a... www.Pay.gov., or as provided in EPA guidance. These forms are available on the Internet at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/guidance.htm. (c) You must pay the fee amount due before we will start to process an...

  19. 40 CFR 1027.130 - How do I make a fee payment?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... method available for payment online at www.Pay.gov., or as specified in EPA guidance. (b) Send a... www.Pay.gov., or as provided in EPA guidance. These forms are available on the Internet at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/guidance.htm. (c) You must pay the fee amount due before we will start to process an...

  20. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation: Therapeutic Potential in a Mouse Model of Stargardt Disease.

    PubMed

    Prokopiou, Ekatherine; Kolovos, Panagiotis; Kalogerou, Maria; Neokleous, Anastasia; Nicolaou, Orthodoxia; Sokratous, Kleitos; Kyriacou, Kyriacos; Georgiou, Tassos

    2018-06-01

    To evaluate the therapeutic effects of omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids on retinal degeneration in the ABCA4-/- model of Stargardt disease when the blood level of arachidonic acid (AA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratio is between 1 and 1.5. Eight-month-old mice were allocated to three groups: wild type (129S1), ABCA4-/- untreated, and ABCA4-/- ω3 treated. ω3 treatment lasted 3 months and comprised daily gavage administration of EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Blood and retinal fatty acid analysis was performed using gas chromatography to adjust the blood AA/EPA ∼1 to 1.5. Eyecups were histologically examined using transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy to evaluate lipofuscin granules and the photoreceptor layer. Retinal N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E), a major component of retinal pigment epithelium lipofuscin, was quantified using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, in addition to retinal proteomic analysis to determine changes in inflammatory proteins. EPA levels increased and AA levels decreased in the blood and retinas of the treatment group. Significantly less A2E and lipofuscin granules were observed in the treatment group. The thickness of the outer nuclear layer was significantly greater in the treatment group (75.66 ± 4.80 μm) than in the wild-type (61.40 ± 1.84 μm) or untreated ABCA4-/- (56.50 ± 3.24 μm) groups. Proteomic analysis indicated lower levels of complement component 3 (C3) in the treatment group, indicative of lower complement-induced inflammatory response. Three months of ω3 supplementation (AA/EPA ∼1-1.5) reduces A2E levels, lipofuscin granules, and C3 levels in the ABCA4-/- mouse model of Stargardt disease, consistent with slowing of the disease.

  1. 40 CFR Appendix D to Part 63 - Alternative Validation Procedure for EPA Waste and Wastewater Methods

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 14 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Alternative Validation Procedure for EPA Waste and Wastewater Methods D Appendix D to Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) Pt. 63, App. D Appendix D to Part 63—Alternative Validation...

  2. 40 CFR Appendix D to Part 63 - Alternative Validation Procedure for EPA Waste and Wastewater Methods

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 14 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Alternative Validation Procedure for EPA Waste and Wastewater Methods D Appendix D to Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) Pt. 63, App. D Appendix D to Part 63—Alternative Validation...

  3. Saturated Branched Chain, Normal Odd-Carbon-Numbered, and n-3 (Omega-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Freshwater Fish in the Northeastern United States.

    PubMed

    Wang, Dong Hao; Jackson, James R; Twining, Cornelia; Rudstam, Lars G; Zollweg-Horan, Emily; Kraft, Clifford; Lawrence, Peter; Kothapalli, Kumar; Wang, Zhen; Brenna, J Thomas

    2016-10-04

    The fatty acid profiles of wild freshwater fish are poorly characterized as a human food source for several classes of fatty acids, particularly for branched chain fatty acids (BCFA), a major bioactive dietary component known to enter the US food supply primarily via dairy and beef fat. We evaluated the fatty acid content of 27 freshwater fish species captured in the northeastern US with emphasis on the BCFA and bioactive polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) most associated with fish, specifically n-3 (omega-3) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Mean BCFA content across all species was 1.0 ± 0.5% (mean ± SD) of total fatty acids in edible muscle, with rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) the highest at >2% BCFA. In comparison, EPA + DHA constituted 28% ± 7% of total fatty acids. Across all fish species, the major BCFA were iso-15:0, anteiso-15:0, iso-16:0, iso-17:0 and anteiso-17:0. Fish skin had significantly higher BCFA content than muscle tissues, at 1.8% ± 0.7%, but lower EPA and DHA. Total BCFA in fish skins was positively related with that in muscle (r 2 = 0.6). The straight chain saturates n-15:0 and n-17:0 which have been identified previously as markers for dairy consumption were relatively high with means of 0.4% and 0.6%, respectively, and may be an underappreciated marker for seafood intake. Consuming a standardized portion, 70 g (2.5 oz), of wild freshwater fish contributes only small amounts of BCFA, 2.5-24.2 mg, to the American diet, while it adds surprisingly high amounts of EPA + DHA (107 mg to 558 mg).

  4. Separation techniques for the clean-up of radioactive mixed waste for ICP-AES/ICP-MS analysis

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Swafford, A.M.; Keller, J.M.

    1993-03-17

    Two separation techniques were investigated for the clean-up of typical radioactive mixed waste samples requiring elemental analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) or Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). These measurements frequently involve regulatory or compliance criteria which include the determination of elements on the EPA Target Analyte List (TAL). These samples usually consist of both an aqueous phase and a solid phase which is mostly an inorganic sludge. Frequently, samples taken from the waste tanks contain high levels of uranium and thorium which can cause spectral interferences in ICP-AES or ICP-MS analysis. The removal of these interferences ismore » necessary to determine the presence of the EPA TAL elements in the sample. Two clean-up methods were studied on simulated aqueous waste samples containing the EPA TAL elements. The first method studied was a classical procedure based upon liquid-liquid extraction using tri-n- octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) dissolved in cyclohexane. The second method investigated was based on more recently developed techniques using extraction chromatography; specifically the use of a commercially available Eichrom TRU[center dot]Spec[trademark] column. Literature on these two methods indicates the efficient removal of uranium and thorium from properly prepared samples and provides considerable qualitative information on the extraction behavior of many other elements. However, there is a lack of quantitative data on the extraction behavior of elements on the EPA Target Analyte List. Experimental studies on these two methods consisted of determining whether any of the analytes were extracted by these methods and the recoveries obtained. Both methods produced similar results; the EPA target analytes were only slightly or not extracted. Advantages and disadvantages of each method were evaluated and found to be comparable.« less

  5. A novel liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based bioanalytical method for quantification of ethyl esters of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and its application in pharmacokinetic study.

    PubMed

    Viswanathan, Sekarbabu; Verma, P R P; Ganesan, Muniyandithevar; Manivannan, Jeganathan

    2017-07-15

    Omega-3 fatty acids are clinically useful and the two marine omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are prevalent in fish and fish oils. Omega-3 fatty acid formulations should undergo a rigorous regulatory step in order to obtain United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) approval as prescription drug. In connection with that, despite quantifying EPA and DHA fatty acids, there is a need for quantifying the level of ethyl esters of them in biological samples. In this study, we make use of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-MS)technique for the method development. Here, we have developed a novel multiple reaction monitoring method along with optimized parameters for quantification of EPA and DHA as ethyl esters. Additionally, we attempted to validate the bio-analytical method by conducting the sensitivity, selectivity, precision accuracy batch, carryover test and matrix stability experiments. Furthermore, we also implemented our validated method for evaluation of pharmacokinetics of omega fatty acid ethyl ester formulations. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  6. 40 CFR Appendix 3 to Subpart A of... - Procedure for Mixing Base Fluids With Sediments (EPA Method 1646)

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Procedure for Mixing Base Fluids With Sediments (EPA Method 1646) 3 Appendix 3 to Subpart A of Part 435 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION POINT...

  7. Airborne concentrations of volatile organic compounds in neonatal incubators.

    PubMed

    Prazad, P; Cortes, D R; Puppala, B L; Donovan, R; Kumar, S; Gulati, A

    2008-08-01

    To identify and quantify airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) inside neonatal incubators during various modes of operation within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment. Air samples were taken from 10 unoccupied incubators in four operational settings along with ambient air samples using air sampling canisters. The samples were analyzed following EPA TO-15 using a Tekmar AutoCan interfaced to Agilent 6890 Gas Chromatograph with a 5973 Mass Spectrometer calibrated for 60 EPA TO-15 method target compounds. Non-target compounds were tentatively identified using mass spectral interpretation and with a mass spectral library created by National Institute for Standards and Technology. Two non-target compounds, 2-heptanone and n-butyl acetate, were found at elevated concentrations inside the incubators compared with ambient room air samples. Increase in temperature and addition of humidity produced further increased concentrations of these compounds. Their identities were verified by mass spectra and relative retention times using authentic standards. They were quantified using vinyl acetate and 2-hexanone as surrogate standards. The emission pattern of these two compounds and background measurements indicate that they originate inside the incubator. There is evidence that exposure to some VOCs may adversely impact the fetal and developing infants' health. Currently, as there is no definitive information available on the effects of acute or chronic low-level exposure to these compounds in neonates, future studies evaluating the health effects of neonatal exposure to these VOCs are needed.

  8. The As removal from arsenopyrite-bearing mine waste by microwave

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, Hyun Soo; Myung, Eun Ji; Hack Lim, Dae; Kim, Bong Ju; Park, Cheon Young

    2016-04-01

    Penalties incurred by miners for arsenic in concentrates have increased significantly because the removal and disposal of arsenic is difficult and costly for smelters and because the environmental challenges are increasing worldwide. Typically miners incur penalties on arsenic in concentrates above 0.2% As with smelter rejection limits of 0.5%. Therefore, finding an effective solution for removing As during primary mining activities is necessary to avoid penalty. The aim of this study was to investigate the As removal from mine waste using microwave process. The mine waste samples were characterized by chemical and XRD analysis. To determine of As removal from the microwave experiments, aqua regia digestion was performed according to Korean environmental standard method(KESM) and the As removal effect were evaluated using the standard EPA toxicity characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP, EPA 1311 method). The result of mineralogical character for mine waste using XRD was detected arsenopyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and quartz. The chemical analysis of As, Pb, Zn contents in the mine waste measured 13,896.0, 896.1 and 1,054.6 mg/kg, respectively. The As removal of experiments was conducted to examine the effects of microwave exposure time(1~15min). The results showed that the As removal in mine waste (exposure time = 10min) was 92.90%, and the temperature of mine waste by microwave heating was 886℃. The TCLP leaching of treated mine waste by microwave measured values were below the EPA's current regulatory threshold(As, Pb, Zn : 5 mg/L). The optimum condition of microwave exposure for As removal from arsenopyrite-bearing mine waste was obtained at 800W, 2450MHz, 10min. Acknowledgment : This work was supported by the Energy and Resources Engineering Program Grant funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Korea

  9. DEVELOPMENT OF EPA'S TOXCAST PROGRAM FOR PRIORITIZING THE TOXICITY TESTING OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS.

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA is developing methods for utilizing computational chemistry, high-throughput screening (HTS)and genomic technologies to predict potential toxicity and prioritize the use of limited testing resources.

  10. Aerosol Measurements in the Mid-Atlantic: Trends and Uncertainty

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hains, J. C.; Chen, L. A.; Taubman, B. F.; Dickerson, R. R.

    2006-05-01

    Elevated levels of PM2.5 are associated with cardiovascular and respiratory problems and even increased mortality rates. In 2002 we ran two commonly used PM2.5 speciation samplers (an IMPROVE sampler and an EPA sampler) in parallel at Fort Meade, Maryland (a suburban site located in the Baltimore- Washington urban corridor). The filters were analyzed at different labs. This experiment allowed us to calculate the 'real world' uncertainties associated with these instruments. The EPA method retrieved a January average PM2.5 mass of 9.3 μg/m3 with a standard deviation of 2.8 μg/m3, while the IMPROVE method retrieved an average mass of 7.3 μg/m3 with a standard deviation of 2.1 μg/m3. The EPA method retrieved a July average PM2.5 mass of 26.4 μg/m3 with a standard deviation of 14.6 μg/m3, while the IMPROVE method retrieved an average mass of 23.3 μg/m3 with a standard deviation of 13.0 μg/m3. We calculated a 5% uncertainty associated with the EPA and IMPROVE methods that accounts for uncertainties in flow control strategies and laboratory analysis. The RMS difference between the two methods in January was 2.1 μg/m3, which is about 25% of the monthly average mass and greater than the uncertainty we calculated. In July the RMS difference between the two methods was 5.2 μg/m3, about 20% of the monthly average mass, and greater than the uncertainty we calculated. The EPA methods retrieve consistently higher concentrations of PM2.5 than the IMPROVE methods on a daily basis in January and July. This suggests a systematic bias possibly resulting from contamination of either of the sampling methods. We reconstructed the mass and found that both samplers have good correlation between reconstructed and gravimetric mass, though the IMPROVE method has slightly better correlation than the EPA method. In January, organic carbon is the largest contributor to PM2.5 mass, and in July both sulfate and organic matter contribute substantially to PM2.5. Source apportionment models suggest that regional and local power plants are the major sources of sulfate, while mobile and vegetative burning factors are the major sources of organic carbon.

  11. Development and Multi-laboratory Verification of U.S. EPA Method 540 for the Analysis of Drinking Water Contaminants by Solid Phase Extraction-LC/MS/MS

    EPA Science Inventory

    A drinking water method for 12 chemicals, predominately pesticides, is presented that addresses the occurrence monitoring needs of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for a future Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (UCMR). The method employs solid phase ext...

  12. EVALUATION OF IODINE BASED IMPINGER SOLUTIONS FOR THE EFFICIENT CAPTURE OF HG USING DIRECT INJECTION NEBULIZATION INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY (DIN-ICP/MS) ANALYSIS

    EPA Science Inventory

    Currently there are no EPA reference sampling methods that have been promulgated for measuring stack emissions of Hg from coal combustion sources, however, EPA Method 29 is most commonly applied. The draft ASTM Ontario Hydro Method for measuring oxidized, elemental, particulate-b...

  13. Development and Multi-laboratory Verification of US EPA Method 543 for the Analysis of Drinking Water Contaminants by Online Solid Phase Extraction-LC–MS-MS

    EPA Science Inventory

    A drinking water method for seven pesticides and pesticide degradates is presented that addresses the occurrence monitoring needs of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for a future Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (UCMR). The method employs online solid pha...

  14. 76 FR 8365 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-14

    ... ID number EPA-HQ- OECA-2010-0357, to (1) EPA online using www.regulations.gov (our preferred method... leaking equipment, repair methods used to stop the leaks, and dates of repair. The time period for this... correction of a mathematical error. There are no annual capital and O&M costs to the regulated entities...

  15. Everyday Physical Activity as a Predictor of Late-Life Mortality

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chipperfield, Judith G.

    2008-01-01

    Purpose: The present study hypothesized that simple, everyday physical activity (EPA) would decline with advancing age; that women would have a more favorable EPA profile than would men; and that EPA would have a survival benefit. Design and Methods: Community-dwelling participants (aged 80-98 years, n = 198) wore mechanical actigraphs in order…

  16. 40 CFR 59.213 - Incorporations by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... available for inspection at the Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center, U.S. EPA, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC 20460, the EPA Library (MD-35), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, or at the National... University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI, 48106. (1) ASTM Method E220-86...

  17. 40 CFR 59.213 - Incorporations by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... available for inspection at the Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center, U.S. EPA, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC 20460, the EPA Library (MD-35), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, or at the National... University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI, 48106. (1) ASTM Method E220-86...

  18. 40 CFR 59.213 - Incorporations by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... available for inspection at the Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center, U.S. EPA, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC 20460, the EPA Library (MD-35), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, or at the National... University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI, 48106. (1) ASTM Method E220-86...

  19. 40 CFR 59.213 - Incorporations by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... available for inspection at the Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center, U.S. EPA, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC 20460, the EPA Library (MD-35), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, or at the National... University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI, 48106. (1) ASTM Method E220-86...

  20. Validation of mega composite sampling and nationwide mass inventories for 26 previously unmonitored contaminants in archived biosolids from the U.S National Biosolids Repository

    PubMed Central

    Chari, Bipin P.; Halden, Rolf U.

    2012-01-01

    In the present study, archived U.S biosolids from the 2001 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Sewage Sludge Survey were analyzed with an expanded U.S EPA Method 1694, to determine the occurrence of 26 previously unmonitored pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) among a total of 120 analytes. The study further served to examine the reproducibility of a mega-composite approach for creating chemical mass inventories in biosolids based on pooled samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) nationwide. Five mega-composites reflecting 94 WWTPs in 32 states and the District of Columbia were constructed from archived biosolids and analyzed by LC/ESI-MS/MS using a newly introduced analytical method expanding upon U.S EPA Method 1694. In addition, soil-biosolids mixtures from a mesocosm setup were analyzed to experimentally determine the half-lives of biosolids-borne compounds applied on U.S land. Among 59 analytes detected, 33 had been reported previously, whereas 26 are reported in biosolids for the first time, at levels ranging from 1.65 to 673 μg kg−1 dry weight. Newly recognized biosolids constituents were identified as Ca2+ channel blockers, antidepressants, diuretics, β-blockers and analgesics. Using a mass balance approach, the total loading of these 26 pharmaceuticals to U.S soils from biosolids land application was estimated at 5–15 tons year−1. Past and present datasets for 30 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were determined to be statistically indistinguishable (paired t-test; p = 0.01). This study expands the list of PPCPs reported in U.S biosolids, provides the first estimates of nationwide release rates to and environmental half-lives in U.S agricultural soils, and confirms the utility of using mega-composite sampling for economical tracking of chemical inventories in biosolids on a national scale. PMID:22789759

  1. Test Guidelines for Pesticides and Toxic Substances

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Documents that specify methods EPA recommends to generate data submitted to EPA to support the registration of a pesticide, setting of a tolerance or tolerance exemption for pesticide residues, or the decision making process for an industrial chemical.

  2. Comparison of Enterococcus quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis results from midwest U.S. river samples using EPA Method 1611 and Method 1609 PCR reagents

    EPA Science Inventory

    The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has provided recommended beach advisory values in its 2012 recreational water quality criteria (RWQC) for states wishing to use quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the monitoring of Enterococcus fecal indicator bacteria...

  3. 40 CFR 63.702 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... that is used for audio recording, video recording, or any type of information storage. Magnetic tape... or that is measured by EPA Test Methods 18, 24, or 25A in appendix A of part 60 or an alternative... standard cubic meters per hour when EPA Method 18 in appendix A of part 60 is used to measure HAP or VOC...

  4. 40 CFR 63.702 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... that is used for audio recording, video recording, or any type of information storage. Magnetic tape... or that is measured by EPA Test Methods 18, 24, or 25A in appendix A of part 60 or an alternative... standard cubic meters per hour when EPA Method 18 in appendix A of part 60 is used to measure HAP or VOC...

  5. 40 CFR 63.702 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... that is used for audio recording, video recording, or any type of information storage. Magnetic tape... or that is measured by EPA Test Methods 18, 24, or 25A in appendix A of part 60 or an alternative... standard cubic meters per hour when EPA Method 18 in appendix A of part 60 is used to measure HAP or VOC...

  6. 40 CFR 52.2773 - EPA-approved Virgin Islands regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., “Existing Air Contamination Sources for Waste Fuel” 1/15/87 .....do Section 204-45, “Standards of.... 52.2773 Section 52.2773 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... 204-22, “Regulations to Control Emission of Visible Air Contaminants” 1/15/87 .....do Section 204-23...

  7. Life Cycle Assessment of Vehicle Lightweighting: Novel Mathematical Methods to Estimate Use-Phase Fuel Consumption.

    PubMed

    Kim, Hyung Chul; Wallington, Timothy J; Sullivan, John L; Keoleian, Gregory A

    2015-08-18

    Lightweighting is a key strategy to improve vehicle fuel economy. Assessing the life-cycle benefits of lightweighting requires a quantitative description of the use-phase fuel consumption reduction associated with mass reduction. We present novel methods of estimating mass-induced fuel consumption (MIF) and fuel reduction values (FRVs) from fuel economy and dynamometer test data in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) database. In the past, FRVs have been measured using experimental testing. We demonstrate that FRVs can be mathematically derived from coast down coefficients in the EPA vehicle test database avoiding additional testing. MIF and FRVs calculated for 83 different 2013 MY vehicles are in the ranges 0.22-0.43 and 0.15-0.26 L/(100 km 100 kg), respectively, and increase to 0.27-0.53 L/(100 km 100 kg) with powertrain resizing to retain equivalent vehicle performance. We show how use-phase fuel consumption can be estimated using MIF and FRVs in life cycle assessments (LCAs) of vehicle lightweighting from total vehicle and vehicle component perspectives with, and without, powertrain resizing. The mass-induced fuel consumption model is illustrated by estimating lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emission benefits from lightweighting a grille opening reinforcement component using magnesium or carbon fiber composite for 83 different vehicle models.

  8. Protocol Gas Verification Program Audit Reports

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    View the full reports from 2010 and 2013 of the PGVP audits, which tested the EPA Protocol gases that are used to calibrate continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS), and the instruments used in EPA reference methods.

  9. Water movement through an experimental soil liner

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Krapac, I.G.; Cartwright, K.; Panno, S.V.; Hensel, B.R.; Rehfeldt, K.R.; Herzog, B.L.

    1991-01-01

    A field-scale soil liner was constructed to test whether compacted soil barriers in cover and liner systems could be built to meet the U.S. EPA saturated hydraulic conductivity requirement (???1 x 10-7 cm s-1). The 8 x 15 x 0.9m liner was constructed in 15 cm compacted lifts using a 20,037 kg pad-foot compactor and standard engineering practices. Water infiltration into the liner has been monitored for one year. Monitoring will continue until water break through at the base of the liner occurs. Estimated saturated hydraulic conductivities were 2.5 x 10-9, 4.0 x 10-8, and 5.0 x 10-8 cm s-1 based on measurements of water infiltration into the liner by large- and small-ring infiltrometers and a water balance analysis, respectively. Also investigated in this research was the variability of the liner's hydraulic properties and estimates of the transit times for water and tracers. Small variances exhibited by small-ring flux data suggested that the liner was homogeneous with respect to infiltration fluxes. The predictions of water and tracer breakthrough at the base of the liner ranged from 2.4-12.6 y, depending on the method of calculation and assumptions made. The liner appeared to be saturated to a depth between 18 and 33 cm at the end of the first year of monitoring. Transit time calculations cannot be verified yet, since breakthrough has not occurred. The work conducted so far indicates that compacted soil barriers can be constructed to meet the saturated hydraulic conductivity requirement established by the U.S. EPA.A field-scale soil liner was constructed to test whether compacted soil barriers in cover and liner systems could be built to meet the U.S. EPA saturated hydraulic conductivity requirement (??? 1 ?? 10-7 cm s-1). The 8 ?? 15 ?? 0.9 m liner was constructed in 15 cm compacted lifts using a 20.037 kg pad-foot compactor and standard engineering practices. Water infiltration into the liner has been monitored for one year. Monitoring will continue until water break through at the base of the liner occurs. Estimated saturated hydraulic conductivities were 2.5 ?? 10-9, 4.0 ?? 10-8, and 5.0 ?? 10-8 cm s-1 based on measurements of water infiltration into the liner by large- and small-ring infiltrometers and a water balance analysis, respectively. Also investigated in this research was the variability of the liner's hydraulic properties and estimates of the transit times for water and tracers. Small variances exhibited by small-ring flux data suggested that the liner was homogeneous with respect to infiltration fluxes. The predictions of water and tracer breakthrough at the base of the liner ranged from 2.4-12.6 y, depending on the method of calculation and assumptions made. The liner appeared to be saturated to a depth between 18 and 33 cm at the end of the first year of monitoring. Transit time calculations cannot be verified yet, since breakthrough has not occurred. The work conducted so far indicates that compacted soil barriers can be constructed to meet the saturated hydraulic conductivity requirement established by the U.S. EPA.

  10. Regulatory and Technical Issues Concerning the Detection and Treatment of NDMA-Contaminated Groundwater at NASA WSTF

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wiebe, D. T.; Zigmond, M. J.; Tufts, C. A.

    2002-01-01

    The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) was established in 1963 primarily to provide rocket engine testing services for several NASA programs. The groundwater underlying the site has been contaminated as a result of historical operations. Groundwater contaminants include several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and two semi-volatile compounds: N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrodimethylamine (DMN). This paper discusses some of the technical, analytical, regulatory, and health risk issues associated with the contaminant plume. The plume has moved approximately 2.5 miles downgradient of the facility industrial boundary, with evidence of continued migration. As a result, NASA has proposed a pump and treat system using air strippers and ultraviolet (UV) oxidation to stabilize future movement of the contaminant plume. The system has been designed to treat 1,076 gallons (4,073 liters) per minute, with provisions for future expansion. The UV oxidation process was selected to treat NDMA-contaminated groundwater based on successes at other NDMA-contaminated sites. Bench- and pilot-scale testing of WSTF groundwater confirmed the ability of UV oxidation to destroy NDMA and generated sufficient data to design the proposed full-scale treatment system. NDMA is acutely toxic and is a probable human carcinogen. EPA-recommended health risk criteria for the residential consumption of NDMA/DMN-contaminated groundwater was used to determine that a 1.0 x 10(exp -6) excess cancer risk corresponds to 1.7 parts per trillion (ppt). EPA analytical methods are unable to detect NDMA and DMN in the low ppt range. EPA's current Appendix IX analytical method used to screen for NDMA, Method 8270, can detect NDMA only at levels that are orders of magnitude greater than the recommended health risk level. Additionally, EPA Method 607, the most sensitive EPA approved method, has a detection limit of 150 ppt. This corresponds to an excess cancer risk of 9.0 x 10(exp -5), which exceeds the State of New Mexico's water quality standard of a cancer risk less than 1 x 10(exp -5). The treatment system has been engineered to treat contaminated groundwater to levels significantly below the New Mexico standard. However, the inability of EPA-approved analytical methods to detect NDMA and DMN at low ppt levels, and to provide verification of compliance with the 1 x 10(exp -5) cancer risk, introduces a notable risk to the long-term operation of the system. WSTF has been working with Southwest Research Institute to develop a non-EPA analytical method that can achieve a reporting limit of 1 ppt, which corresponds to an excess cancer risk of 7.6 x 10(exp -7). WSTF is currently developing a proposal to obtain approval from the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) of this non-EPA method.

  11. Engineering evaluation/cost analysis for the proposed management of 15 nonprocess buildings (15 series) at the Weldon Spring Site Chemical Plant, Weldon Spring, Missouri. Environmental assessment: Weldon Spring Site Remedial Action Project, Weldon Spring, Missouri

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    MacDonell, M.M.; Peterson, J.M.

    1991-11-01

    The US Department of Energy, under its Surplus Facilities Management Program (SFMP), is responsible for cleanup activities at the Weldon Spring site, located near Weldon Spring, Missouri. The site consists of two noncontiguous areas: (1) a raffinate pits and chemical plant area and (2) a quarry. This engineering evaluation/cost analysis (EE/CA) report has been prepared to support a proposed removal action to manage 15 nonprocess buildings, identified as the 15 Series buildings, at the chemical plant on the Weldon Spring site. These buildings have been nonoperational for more than 20 years, and the deterioration that has occurred during this timemore » has resulted in a potential threat to site workers, the general public, and the environment. The EE/CA documentation of this proposed action is consistent with guidance from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that addresses removal actions at sites subject to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986. Actions at the Weldon Spring site are subject to CERCLA requirements because the site is on the EPA`s National Priorities List. The objectives of this report are to (1) identify alternatives for management of the nonprocess buildings; (2) document the selection of response activities that will mitigate the potential threat to workers, the public, and the environment associated with these buildings; and (3) address environmental impact associated with the proposed action.« less

  12. EPA Peer Consultation Workshop on Cumulative Risk Assessment of Phthalates: Potential Options and Methods for Evaluating the Cumulative Hazard Associated with Six Selected Phthalates

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA held a 2-day workshop on December 8 and 9, 2010 at the Doubletree Hotel Washington DC-Crystal City in Arlington, Viriginia. The goal of this workshop was to evaulate methods of determining cumulative risk associated with exposure to mulitple phthalates for inclusion in the EP...

  13. (Docket A-93-02) Category II-H: Public Comments Received in Response to the ANPR Dated November 15, 1996

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This Index lists public comments received in response to the ANPR dated November 15, 1996 related to the decision to certify that DOE had met the compliance criteria established by EPA in 40 CFR Part 194 and 40 CFR Part 191.

  14. Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits oxidation of high density lipoprotein particles in a manner distinct from docosahexaenoic acid.

    PubMed

    Sherratt, Samuel C R; Mason, R Preston

    2018-02-05

    The omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduces oxidation of ApoB-containing particles in vitro and in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. EPA may produce these effects through a potent antioxidant mechanism, which may facilitate LDL clearance and slow plaque progression. We hypothesize that EPA antioxidant effects may extend to ApoA-containing particles like HDL, potentially preserving certain atheroprotective functions. HDL was isolated from human plasma and incubated at 37 °C in the absence (vehicle) or presence of EPA and/or DHA; 5.0 or 10.0 μM each. Samples were then subjected to copper-induced oxidation (10 μM). HDL oxidation was inhibited similarly by EPA and DHA up to 1 h. EPA (10 μM) maintained significant HDL oxidation inhibition of 89% (0.622 ± 0.066 μM MDA; p < .001) at 4 h, with continued inhibition of 64% at 14 h, vs. vehicle (5.65 ± 0.06 to 2.01 ± 0.10 μM MDA; p < .001). Conversely, DHA (10 μM) antioxidant benefit was lost by 4 h. At a lower concentration (5 μM), EPA antioxidant activity remained at 81% (5.53 ± 0.15 to 1.03 ± 0.10 μM MDA; p < .001) at 6 h, while DHA lost all antioxidant activity by 4 h. The antioxidant activity of EPA was preserved when combined with an equimolar concentration of DHA (5 μM each). EPA pretreatment prevented HDL oxidation in a dose-dependent manner that was preserved over time. These results suggest unique lipophilic and electron stabilization properties for EPA as compared to DHA with respect to inhibition of HDL oxidation. These antioxidant effects of EPA may enhance certain atheroprotective functions for HDL. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. Radon-induced lung cancer deaths may be overestimated due to failure to account for confounding by exposure to diesel engine exhaust in BEIR VI miner studies

    PubMed Central

    MacNaughton, Piers; Laurent, Jose Cedeno; Allen, Joseph G.

    2017-01-01

    Background EPA reported that radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States, killing 21,100 people per year. EPA relies on the BEIR VI models, based on an evaluation of radon exposure and lung cancer risk in studies of miners. But these models did not account for co-exposure to diesel exhaust, a known human carcinogen recently classified by IARC. It is probable then that a portion of the lung cancer deaths in the miner cohorts are originally attributable to the exposure to diesel rather than radon. Objective To re-evaluate EPA’s radon attributable lung cancer estimates accounting for diesel exposure information in the miner cohorts. Methods We used estimates of historical diesel concentrations, combined with diesel exposure-response functions, to estimate the risks of lung cancer attributable to diesel engine exhaust (DEE) exposure in the miner studies. We re-calculated the fatal lung cancer risk attributable to radon after accounting for risk from diesel and re-estimated the number of U.S. deaths associated with radon in the U.S. using EPA’s methodology. Results Considering the probable confounding with DEE exposure and using the same estimate of baseline mortality from 1989–91 that the EPA currently uses in their calculations, we estimate that radon-induced lung cancer deaths per year are 15,600 (95% CI: 14,300, 17,000)– 19,300 (95% CI: 18,800, 20,000) in the U.S. population, a reduction of 9%–26%. The death estimates would be 12,900–15,900 using 2014 baseline vital statistics. Conclusions We recommend further research on re-evaluating the health effects of exposure to radon that accounts for new information on diesel exhaust carcinogenicity in BEIR VI models, up-to-date vital statistics and new epidemiological evidence from residential studies. PMID:28886109

  16. Selected Analytical Methods for Environmental Remediation ...

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The US Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Research and Development (ORD) conducts cutting-edge research that provides the underpinning of science and technology for public health and environmental policies and decisions made by federal, state and other governmental organizations. ORD’s six research programs identify the pressing research needs with input from EPA offices and stakeholders. Research is conducted by ORD’s 3 labs, 4 centers, and 2 offices located in 14 facilities. The EPA booth at APHL will have several resources available to attendees, mostly in the form of print materials, that showcase our research labs, case studies of research activities, and descriptions of specific research projects. The Selected Analytical Methods for Environmental Remediation and Recovery (SAM), a library of selected methods that are helping to increase the nation's laboratory capacity to support large-scale emergency response operations, will be demoed by EPA scientists at the APHL Experience booth in the Exhibit Hall on Tuesday during the morning break. Please come to the EPA booth #309 for more information! To be on a loop at our ORD booth demo during APHL.

  17. Field Collection Methods for an EPA Pilot Study Evaluating Personal, Housing, and Community Factors Influencing Children’s Potential Exposures to Indoor Contaminants at Various Lifestages (EPA Pilot Study Add-On to the GreenHousing Study)

    EPA Science Inventory

    This compilation of field collection standard operating procedures (SOPs) was assembled for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Pilot Study add-on to the Green Housing Study (GHS). A detailed description of this add-on study can be found in the peer reviewed research...

  18. RESRAD for Radiological Risk Assessment. Comparison with EPA CERCLA Tools - PRG and DCC Calculators

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Yu, C.; Cheng, J. -J.; Kamboj, S.

    The purpose of this report is two-fold. First, the risk assessment methodology for both RESRAD and the EPA’s tools is reviewed. This includes a review of the EPA’s justification for 2 using a dose-to-risk conversion factor to reduce the dose-based protective ARAR from 15 to 12 mrem/yr. Second, the models and parameters used in RESRAD and the EPA PRG and DCC Calculators are compared in detail, and the results are summarized and discussed. Although there are suites of software tools in the RESRAD family of codes and the EPA Calculators, the scope of this report is limited to the RESRADmore » (onsite) code for soil contamination and the EPA’s PRG and DCC Calculators also for soil contamination.« less

  19. EPA's Benchmark Dose Modeling Software

    EPA Science Inventory

    The EPA developed the Benchmark Dose Software (BMDS) as a tool to help Agency risk assessors facilitate applying benchmark dose (BMD) method’s to EPA’s human health risk assessment (HHRA) documents. The application of BMD methods overcomes many well know limitations ...

  20. Meet EPA Chemist Mark Strynar, Ph.D.

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Dr. Mark Strynar is a physical scientist in EPA's Office of Research and Development. His research interests include developing methods to measure and analyze the movement of PFCs and other xenobiotic compounds in biological and environmental media

  1. Meet EPA Scientist Jane Gallagher, Ph.D.

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Dr. Jane Gallagher is an EPA research health scientist working with expertise in both field and clinical studies. She develops, tests, and integrates new methods, approaches and biomarkers to study human health risks posed by environmental chemicals

  2. Water Quality Management Studies. Postimpoundment Study of R.E. ’Bob’ Woodruff Lake, Alabama River, Alabama.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-08-01

    8 3. Water-quality, sediment, and biological parameters, associated units, EPA STORET codes, container type, 0 preservative and methods used for...Section III.B). Water samples were collected and preserved according to * _ approved EPA (1974) or American Public Health Association (APHA) (1975...procedures. Water-quality parameters tested, associated units, EPA STORET codes, test procedures, and preservation tech- niques used throughout the

  3. Sulfur Oxides Risk and Exposure Assessment Planning ...

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    In conducting risk/exposure assessments for the Sulfur Oxides NAAQS review, EPA will first develop a draft Scope and Methods Plan which will describe the proposed scope of the quantitative and qualitative analyses to be performed and the tools/methods that may be employed Provide opportunity for CASAC feedback on EPA's plans for the risk and exposure assessment for the Sulfur Oxides NAAQS review

  4. The ratio of serum eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid and risk of cancer death in a Japanese community: The Hisayama Study.

    PubMed

    Nagata, Masaharu; Hata, Jun; Hirakawa, Yoichiro; Mukai, Naoko; Yoshida, Daigo; Ohara, Tomoyuki; Kishimoto, Hiro; Kawano, Hiroyuki; Kitazono, Takanari; Kiyohara, Yutaka; Ninomiya, Toshiharu

    2017-12-01

    Whether the intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or arachidonic acid (AA) affects the risk of cancer remains unclear, and the association between the serum EPA:AA ratio and cancer risk has not been fully evaluated in general populations. A total of 3098 community-dwelling subjects aged ≥40 years were followed up for 9.6 years (2002-2012). The levels of the serum EPA:AA ratio were categorized into quartiles (<0.29, 0.29-0.41, 0.42-0.60, and >0.60). The risk estimates were computed using a Cox proportional hazards model. The same analyses were conducted for the serum docosahexaenoic acid to arachidonic acid (DHA:AA) ratio and individual fatty acid concentrations. During the follow-up period, 121 subjects died of cancer. Age- and sex-adjusted cancer mortality increased with lower serum EPA:AA ratio levels (P trend<0.05). In the multivariable-adjusted analysis, the subjects in the first quartile of the serum EPA:AA ratio had a 1.93-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.15-3.22) greater risk of cancer death than those in the fourth quartile. Lower serum EPA concentrations were marginally associated with higher cancer mortality (P trend<0.11), but the serum DHA or AA concentrations and the serum DHA:AA ratio were not (all P trend>0.37). With regard to site-specific cancers, lower serum EPA:AA ratio was associated with a higher risk of death from liver cancer. However, no such associations were detected for deaths from other cancers. These findings suggest that decreased level of the serum EPA:AA ratio is a significant risk factor for cancer death in the general Japanese population. Copyright © 2017. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

  5. 78 FR 26776 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-08

    ... number EPA-HQ- OECA-2012-0657, to: (1) EPA online, using www.regulations.gov (our preferred method), or... estimates that are attributed to the correction of mathematical discrepancies identified in the previous ICR...

  6. Factors affecting the relationship between quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and culture-based enumeration of Enterococcus in environmental waters.

    PubMed

    Raith, M R; Ebentier, D L; Cao, Y; Griffith, J F; Weisberg, S B

    2014-03-01

    To determine the extent to which discrepancies between qPCR and culture-based results in beach water quality monitoring can be attributed to: (i) within-method variability, (ii) between-method difference within each method class (qPCR or culture) and (iii) between-class difference. We analysed 306 samples using two culture-based (EPA1600 and Enterolert) and two qPCR (Taqman and Scorpion) methods, each in duplicate. Both qPCR methods correlated with EPA1600, but regression analyses indicated approximately 0·8 log10 unit overestimation by qPCR compared to culture methods. Differences between methods within a class were less than half of this and were minimal for between-replicate within a method. Using the 104 Enterococcus per 100 ml management decision threshold, Taqman qPCR indicated the same decisions as EPA1600 for 87% of the samples, but indicated beach posting for unhealthful water when EPA1600 did not for 12% of the samples. After accounting for within-method and within-class variability, 8% of the samples exhibited true between-class discrepancy where both qPCR methods indicated beach posting while both culture methods did not. Measurement target difference (DNA vs growth) accounted for the majority of the qPCR-vs-culture discrepancy, but its influence on monitoring application is outweighed by frequent incorrect posting with culture methods due to incubation time delay. This is the first study to quantify the frequency with which culture-vs-qPCR discrepancies can be attributed to target difference - vs - method variability. © 2013 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

  7. ENERGY STAR Certified Non-AHRI Central Air Conditioner Equipment and Air Source Heat Pump

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Certified models meet all ENERGY STAR requirements as listed in the Version 5.0 ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Air Source Heat Pump and Central Air Conditioner Equipment that are effective as of September 15, 2015. A detailed listing of key efficiency criteria are available at http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=airsrc_heat.pr_crit_as_heat_pumps Listed products have been submitted to EPA by ENERGY STAR partners that do not participate in the AHRI certification program. EPA will continue to update this list with products that are certified by EPA-recognized certification bodies other than AHRI. The majority of ENERGY STAR products, certified by AHRI, can be found on the CEE/AHRI Verified Directory at http://www.ceedirectory.org/

  8. Decreased eicosapentaenoic acid levels in acne vulgaris reveals the presence of a proinflammatory state.

    PubMed

    Aslan, İbrahim; Özcan, Filiz; Karaarslan, Taner; Kıraç, Ebru; Aslan, Mutay

    2017-01-01

    This study aimed to determine circulating levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and measure circulating protein levels of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3), ANGPTL4, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in patients with acne vulgaris. Serum from 21 control subjects and 31 acne vulgaris patients were evaluated for levels of arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4n- 6), dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA, C20:3n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3). PUFA levels were determined by an optimized multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method using ultra fast-liquid chromatography (UFLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Lipid profile, routine biochemical and hormone parameters were assayed by standard kit methods Serum EPA levels were significantly decreased while AA/EPA and DGLA/EPA ratio were significantly increased in acne vulgaris patients compared to controls. Serum levels of AA, DGLA and DHA showed no significant difference while activity of sPLA2 and LPL were significantly increased in acne vulgaris compared to controls. Results of this study reveal the presence of a proinflammatory state in acne vulgaris as shown by significantly decreased serum EPA levels and increased activity of sPLA2, AA/EPA and DGLA/EPA ratio. Increased LPL activity in the serum of acne vulgaris patients can be protective through its anti-dyslipidemic actions. This is the first study reporting altered EPA levels and increased sPLA2 activity in acne vulgaris and supports the use of omega-3 fatty acids as adjuvant treatment for acne patients. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. Score Matrix for HWBI Forecast Model

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    2000-2010 Annual State-Scale Service and Domain scores used to support the approach for forecasting EPA's Human Well-Being Index. A modeling approach was developed based relationship function equations derived from select economic, social and ecosystem final goods and service scores and calculated human well-being index and related domain scores. These data are being used in a secondary capacity. The foundational data and scoring techniques were originally described in: a) U.S. EPA. 2012. Indicators and Methods for Constructing a U.S. Human Well-being Index (HWBI) for Ecosystem Services Research. Report. EPA/600/R-12/023. pp. 121; and b) U.S. EPA. 2014. Indicators and Methods for Evaluating Economic, Ecosystem and Social Services Provisioning. Report. EPA/600/R-14/184. pp. 174. Mode Smith, L. M., Harwell, L. C., Summers, J. K., Smith, H. M., Wade, C. M., Straub, K. R. and J.L. Case (2014).This dataset is associated with the following publication:Summers , K., L. Harwell , and L. Smith. A Model For Change: An Approach for Forecasting Well-Being From Service-Based Decisions. ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 69: 295-309, (2016).

  10. EPA'S TOXCAST PROGRAM FOR PREDICTING HAZARD AND PRIORITIZING TOXICITY TESTING OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA is developing methods for utilizing computational chemistry, high-throughput screening (HTS) and various toxicogenomic technologies to predict potential for toxicity and prioritize limited testing resources towards chemicals that likely represent the greatest hazard to human ...

  11. EPA scientists develop Federal Reference & Equivalent Methods for measuring key air pollutants

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA operates a nationwide air monitoring network to measure six primary air pollutants: carbon monoxide, lead, sulfur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter as part of its mission to protect human health and the environment.

  12. EVALUATION OF TOTAL ORGANIC EMISSIONS ANALYSIS METHODS

    EPA Science Inventory

    The rationale and supporting experimental data for revising EPA's 1996 "Guidance for Total Organics" are summarized in this document. It reports the results of reseach and investigation of improvements to the Total Organic Emissions (TOE) guidance used by EPA to measure recovera...

  13. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS) Volume III: Part A

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA's Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS) Volume 3A provides policies and guiding principles on the application of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methods to human health and ecological risk assessment in the EPA Superfund Program.

  14. EPA Biofuels Research: Biofuel Vapor Generation and Monitoring Methods

    EPA Science Inventory

    The interest in renewable fuels and alternative energy sources has stimulated development of alternatives to traditional petroleum-based fuels. The EPA's Office of Transportation Air Quality (OTAQ) requires information regarding the potential health hazards ofthese fuels regardin...

  15. EPA Science Matters Newsletter: Chemical Warfare Agent Analytical Standards Facilitate Lab Testing (Published November 2013)

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Learn about the EPA chemists' efforts to develop methods for detecting extremely low concentrations of nerve agents, such as sarin, VX, soman and cyclohexyl sarin, and the blister agent sulfur mustard.

  16. EPAS TOXCAST PROGRAM FOR PREDICTING HAZARD AND PRIORITIZING TOXICITY TESTING OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS(S).

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPAs National Center for Computational Toxicology is developing methods that apply computational chemistry, high-throughput screening (HTS) and genomic technologies to predict potential toxicity and prioritize the use of limited testing resources.

  17. EPA Region 6 Laboratory Method Specific Analytical Capabilities with Sample Concentration Range

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA Region 6 Environmental Services Branch (ESB) Laboratory is capable of analyzing a wide range of samples with concentrations ranging for low part-per trillion (ppt) to low percent () levels, depending on the sample matrix.

  18. National Toxicology Program: Review of current DHHS, DOE, and EPA research related to toxicology, Fiscal Year 1991

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1991-06-01

    The report represents responses by agencies of DHHS, and by DOE and EPA, to requests by the Director of NTP for information on agency programs in basic toxicology research, toxicology testing, and toxicology methods development. Information on dollar and manpower support for agency activities in basic toxicology research, toxicology testing, and toxicology methods development, by DHHS, DOE and EPA, is summarized on pages 4 to 10. All agencies were requested to provide summary information on their programs related to toxicology methods development, whether essential or peripheral to their missions. The information provided in response to the request is summarized inmore » tables on pages 48 to 81. Information was provided on chemical compounds currently being studied for their toxicological properties in intramural laboratories, or on contracts, or through grants.« less

  19. Validation of the digital opacity compliance system under regulatory enforcement conditions.

    PubMed

    McFarland, Michael J; Rasmussen, Steve L; Stone, Daniel A; Palmer, Glenn R; Wander, Joseph D

    2006-09-01

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Emission Measurement Center in conjunction with EPA Regions VI and VIII, the state of Utah, and the U.S. Department of Defense have conducted a series of long-term pilot and field tests to determine the accuracy and reliability of a visible opacity monitoring system consisting of a conventional digital camera and a separate computer software application for plume opacity determination. This technology, known as the Digital Opacity Compliance System (DOCS), has been successfully demonstrated at EPA-sponsored Method-9 "smoke schools", as well as at a number of government and commercially operated industrial facilities. Results from the current DOCS regulatory pilot study demonstrated that, under regulatory enforcement conditions, the average difference in opacity measurement between the DOCS technology and EPA Reference Method 9 (Method 9) was 1.12%. This opacity difference, which was computed from the evaluation of 241 regulated air sources, was found to be statistically significant at the 99% confidence level. In evaluating only those sources for which a nonzero visible opacity level was recorded, the

  20. 78 FR 18977 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-28

    ... preferred method), or by email to: [email protected] , or by mail to: EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC... in Agency burden is related to a mathematical error in the calculations, which led to double counting...

  1. Report: EPA's Fiscal Year 2015 Management Challenges

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-N-0164, May 28, 2015. Attention to agency management challenges could result in stronger results and protection for the public, and increased confidence in management integrity and accountability.

  2. Lack of effect of supplementation with EPA or DHA on platelet-monocyte aggregates and vascular function in healthy men.

    PubMed

    Cottin, S C; Alsaleh, A; Sanders, T A B; Hall, W L

    2016-08-01

    Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) found in fish oil are postulated to have favourable effects on platelet, endothelial and vascular function. We investigated whether EPA has differential effects on in vivo platelet aggregation and other markers of cardiovascular risk compared to DHA. Following a 2 wk run-in taking encapsulated refined olive oil, 48 healthy young men were randomly allocated using a parallel design to receive EPA-rich (3.1 g EPA/d) or DHA-rich (2.9 g DHA/d) triglyceride concentrates or refined olive oil (placebo), for a total supplementary lipid intake of 5 g/d. The specified primary outcome was change in platelet monocyte aggregates (PMA); secondary outcomes were capillary density, augmentation index, digital pulse volume measurements, 24 h ambulatory BP, plasma 8-isoprostanes-F2α. Changes in the proportions of DHA and EPA in erythrocytes and non-esterified fatty acid composition indicated compliance to the intervention. There was no significant treatment effect on PMA (P = 0.382); mean changes (%) (95% CI) were placebo -0.5 (-2.0, 1.04), EPA 0.4 (-0.8, 1.6), DHA 0.3 (-1.5, 2.0). R-QUICKI, an index of insulin sensitivity, was greater following EPA compared to placebo (P < 0.05). No other significant differences were noted. Neither EPA- nor DHA-rich fish oil supplementation influence platelet-monocyte aggregation or several markers of vascular function after 6 wk in healthy young males. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01735357. Copyright © 2016 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. Effects of n-3 fatty acids, EPA v. DHA, on depressive symptoms, quality of life, memory and executive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a 6-month randomised controlled trial.

    PubMed

    Sinn, Natalie; Milte, Catherine M; Street, Steven J; Buckley, Jonathan D; Coates, Alison M; Petkov, John; Howe, Peter R C

    2012-06-01

    Depressive symptoms may increase the risk of progressing from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia. Consumption of n-3 PUFA may alleviate both cognitive decline and depression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the benefits of supplementing a diet with n-3 PUFA, DHA and EPA, for depressive symptoms, quality of life (QOL) and cognition in elderly people with MCI. We conducted a 6-month double-blind, randomised controlled trial. A total of fifty people aged >65 years with MCI were allocated to receive a supplement rich in EPA (1·67 g EPA + 0·16 g DHA/d; n 17), DHA (1·55 g DHA + 0·40 g EPA/d; n 18) or the n-6 PUFA linoleic acid (LA; 2·2 g/d; n 15). Treatment allocation was by minimisation based on age, sex and depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS). Physiological and cognitive assessments, questionnaires and fatty acid composition of erythrocytes were obtained at baseline and 6 months (completers: n 40; EPA n 13, DHA n 16, LA n 11). Compared with the LA group, GDS scores improved in the EPA (P=0·04) and DHA (P=0·01) groups and verbal fluency (Initial Letter Fluency) in the DHA group (P=0·04). Improved GDS scores were correlated with increased DHA plus EPA (r 0·39, P=0·02). Improved self-reported physical health was associated with increased DHA. There were no treatment effects on other cognitive or QOL parameters. Increased intakes of DHA and EPA benefited mental health in older people with MCI. Increasing n-3 PUFA intakes may reduce depressive symptoms and the risk of progressing to dementia. This needs to be investigated in larger, depressed samples with MCI.

  4. Relative importance of N-nitrosodimethylamine compared to total N-nitrosamines in drinking waters.

    PubMed

    Dai, Ning; Mitch, William A

    2013-04-16

    A U.S.-wide occurrence survey conducted as part of the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule 2 found that N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was present in 34% of chloraminated drinking water samples but was the most prevalent of the six N-nitrosamines evaluated using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 521. If the U.S. EPA considers limiting exposures to N-nitrosamines as a group, a critical question is whether NDMA is the most prevalent N-nitrosamine or whether significant concentrations occur for N-nitrosamines other than those captured by EPA Method 521. A total N-nitrosamine assay was developed and applied to 36 drinking water plant effluents or distribution system samples from 11 utilities, including 9 utilities that practiced chloramination for secondary disinfection. Concurrent application of EPA Method 521 indicated that NDMA was the most prevalent of the Method 521 N-nitrosamines yet accounted for ∼5% of the total N-nitrosamine pool on a median basis. Among eight plant influent waters, NDMA was detected once, while total N-nitrosamines were detected in five samples, suggesting the importance of source water protection. Similar to NDMA, total N-nitrosamine concentrations in source waters increased after chloramination. Chloramines were applied to organic precursors serving as models for pristine natural organic matter, algal exudate, wastewater effluent, and polyDADMAC quaternary amine-based coagulation polymers. While high yields of NDMA were restricted to the wastewater effluent and polyDADMAC, high yields of total N-nitrosamines were observed from the algal exudate, the wastewater effluent, and polyDADMAC. The results suggest that N-nitrosamines as a class may be more prevalent than suggested by occurrence surveys conducted using EPA Method 521.

  5. 40 CFR Table 2a to Subpart Ce of... - Emissions Limits for Small HMIWI Which Meet the Criteria Under § 60.33e(b)(1)

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... time 1 Method for demonstrating compliance 2 Particulate matter mg/dscm (gr/dscf) 197 (0.086) 3-run average (1-hour minimum sample time per run) EPA Reference Method 5 of appendix A-3 of part 60, or EPA Reference Method 26A or 29 of appendix A-8 of part 60. Carbon monoxide ppmv 40 3-run average (1-hour minimum...

  6. 40 CFR Table 2b to Subpart Ce of... - Emissions Limits for Small HMIWI Which Meet the Criteria Under § 60.33e(b)(2)

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... time 1 Method for demonstrating compliance 2 Particulate matter mg/dscm (gr/dscf) 87 (0.038) 3-run average (1-hour minimum sample time per run) EPA Reference Method 5 of appendix A-3 of part 60, or EPA Reference Method 26A or 29 of appendix A-8 of part 60. Carbon monoxide ppmv 20 3-run average (1-hour minimum...

  7. 76 FR 6590 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Pennsylvania; Determination of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-07

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 52 [EPA-R03-OAR-2010-1082; FRL-9262-6] Approval and... Number EPA- R03-OAR-2010-1082 by one of the following methods A. www.regulations.gov . Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. B. E-mail: [email protected] . C. Mail: EPA-R03-OAR-2010-1082...

  8. 77 FR 38523 - Expedited Approval of Alternative Test Procedures for the Analysis of Contaminants Under the Safe...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-28

    ... of semivolatile organic compounds in finished drinking water. The method analytes are extracted and... semivolatile organic contaminants: Alachlor, atrazine, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), benzo[a]pyrene... approved EPA Method 525.2, Revision 2.0 for each of the 17 regulated semivolatile organic contaminants. EPA...

  9. Sample Integrity Evaluation and EPA Method 325b Interlaboratory Comparison for Select Volatile Organic Compounds Collected Diffusively on Carbopack X Sorbent Tubes

    EPA Science Inventory

    Sample integrity evaluations and inter-laboratory comparisons were conducted in application of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Methods 325A/B for monitoring benzene and additional selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) usingpassive-diffusive Carbopack X tube sample...

  10. Registration Review Process

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA will review each registered pesticide at least every 15 years to determine whether it continues to meet the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) standard for registration. There are currently 745 registration review cases.

  11. Analysis of EPA and DHA in the viscera of marine fish using gas chromatography.

    PubMed

    Zhang, De-Yong; Xu, Xiao-Lu; Shen, Xiu-Ying; Mei, Yu; Xu, Hui-Ying

    2016-03-01

    The viscera of 10 kinds of marine fishes were collected for fish oil extraction and detection of DHA and EPA, two most important polyunsaturated fatty acids. The fish oil extraction ratio for the evaluated fishes varied from 0.95% to 10.18% (wt%). Pseudosciaena crocea presented the highest fish oil yield, followed by Mustelus manazo, Hippoglossus and Sciaenopsocellatus. A gas chromatography method was then established for analysis of EPA/DHA. The EPA concentration (in methyl ester form) in the fish oil varied from 1.39 to 10.65(mg/g). Epinephelus awoara presented the highest EPA concentration (p<0.05), followed by Epinephelussp, Sciaenopsocellatus and Hippoglossus. The DHA concentration (in methyl ester form) in the fish oil varied from 0.58 to 37.02 (mg/g). Epinephelus awoara presented the highest DHA concentration (p<0.05), followed by Sciaenopsocellatus, Pseudosciaena crocea and Hippoglossus. No strict positive correlation between the EPA/DHA concentration and the sea depth where the fish live was observed. The fishes living in middle depth presented highest EPA/DHA concentration.

  12. 40 CFR Table 25 to Subpart Uuu of... - Requirements for Performance Tests for Inorganic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Inorganic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units 25 Table 25 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 25 Table 25 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Requirements for... Procedure) in appendix A to subpart UUU; or EPA Method 5050 combined either with EPA Method 9056, or with...

  13. 40 CFR Table 25 to Subpart Uuu of... - Requirements for Performance Tests for Inorganic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Inorganic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units 25 Table 25 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 25 Table 25 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Requirements for... Procedure) in appendix A to subpart UUU; or EPA Method 5050 combined either with EPA Method 9056, or with...

  14. 40 CFR Table 25 to Subpart Uuu of... - Requirements for Performance Tests for Inorganic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Inorganic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units 25 Table 25 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 25 Table 25 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Requirements for Performance Tests... Procedure) in appendix A to subpart UUU; or EPA Method 5050 combined either with EPA Method 9056, or with...

  15. 40 CFR Table 25 to Subpart Uuu of... - Requirements for Performance Tests for Inorganic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Inorganic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units 25 Table 25 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 25 Table 25 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Requirements for... Procedure) in appendix A to subpart UUU; or EPA Method 5050 combined either with EPA Method 9056, or with...

  16. Supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) / Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in a ratio of 1/1.3 during the last trimester of pregnancy results in EPA accumulation in cord blood.

    PubMed

    Büyükuslu, Nihal; Ovalı, Sema; Altuntaş, Şükriye Leyla; Batırel, Saime; Yiğit, Pakize; Garipağaoğlu, Muazzez

    2017-10-01

    Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA), specifically DHA, are associated with fetal growth and development. We aimed to determine the levels of DHA and EPA in cord serum after n-3 FA supplementation during the last trimester of pregnancy. Among 55 women, 23 were administered daily one capsule of n-3 FA supplement, involving DHA/EPA in a ratio of 1/1.3. Twenty nine women were enrolled as control group. Blood samples were collected at 22-24 weeks of gestation and at delivery. Fatty acids were analyzed with the method of GC-MS. Cord DHA level increased and EPA level decreased in both groups between the days of 22-24 and delivery. However, decrease in cord EPA level was significant in control group (p < 0.001) but not in supplement group (p > 0.05). Supplementation of DHA/EPA in a ratio of 1/1.3 during the last trimester of pregnancy caused higher cord EPA level compared to control group indicating an accumulation in umbilical cord. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Effect of DHA supplementation on oxylipin levels in plasma and immune cell stimulated blood.

    PubMed

    Schuchardt, Jan Philipp; Ostermann, Annika I; Stork, Lisa; Fritzsch, Sabrina; Kohrs, Heike; Greupner, Theresa; Hahn, Andreas; Schebb, Nils Helge

    2017-06-01

    EPA and DHA cause different physiological effects, which are in many cases mediated via their oxidative metabolites (oxylipins). However, metabolism studies investigating the effect of either EPA or DHA on comprehensive oxylipin patterns are lacking. The short and long term (1, 3, 6, and 12 week) effect of 1076mg/d DHA (free of EPA) on free (unesterified) oxylipin concentrations in plasma and lipopolysacharid (LPS) stimulated blood of 12 healthy men (mean age 25.1 ± 1.5 years) was investigated. After DHA supplementation, plasma levels of all DHA-oxylipins (HDHAs, EpDPEs, DiHDPEs) significantly increased (up to 600%) in a time-dependent fashion. Oxylipins of EPA and arachidonic acid (AA) were also affected. Whereas a slight increase in several EPA-derived hydroxy-FAs (including the RvE1 precursor 18-HEPE) and dihydroxy-FAs was observed after DHA supplementation, a trend to a slight decline in AA-derived oxylipin levels was found. In LPS stimulated blood, it is shown that DHA supplementation significantly reduces the ability of immune cells to form AA-derived COX (TXB2 and PGB2) and 12-LOX (12-HETE) eicosanoids. While no increase in EPA COX metabolites was found, n-3 PUFA 12-LOX metabolites of EPA (12-HEPE) and DHA (14-HDHA) were highly induced. We demonstrated that DHA supplementation causes a time-dependent shift in the entire oxylipin profile suggesting a cross-linked metabolism of PUFAs and subsequent formation of oxygenated lipid mediators. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Notification: Background Investigation Services

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OA-FY15-0029, February 26, 2015. The Office of Inspector General (OIG) for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) plans to begin field work for our audit of background investigation services.

  19. 40 CFR 435.11 - Specialized definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Extraction Point Source Category,” EPA-821-R-11-004. See paragraph (uu) of this section. (e) Biodegradation... Bottle Biodegradation Test System: Modified ISO 11734:1995,” EPA Method 1647, supplemented with...

  20. 40 CFR 435.11 - Specialized definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Extraction Point Source Category,” EPA-821-R-11-004. See paragraph (uu) of this section. (e) Biodegradation... Bottle Biodegradation Test System: Modified ISO 11734:1995,” EPA Method 1647, supplemented with...

  1. 40 CFR 435.11 - Specialized definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Extraction Point Source Category,” EPA-821-R-11-004. See paragraph (uu) of this section. (e) Biodegradation... Bottle Biodegradation Test System: Modified ISO 11734:1995,” EPA Method 1647, supplemented with...

  2. 75 FR 69659 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-15

    ... and other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing), 9641 (Regulation of Agricultural Marketing and...) EPA online using http://www.regulations.gov (our preferred method), or by mail to: Office of Pesticide... under Docket ID No. EPA- [[Page 69660

  3. A Framework for Reviewing EPA's State Administrative Cost Estimates: A Case Study (2007)

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This report contains the findings of the set of case studies that look at EPA’s and the states’ information and methods used to estimate the costs to states charged with administering a selection of EPA regulations.

  4. 10 CFR Appendix U to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Ceiling Fans

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Test Procedure,” and Chapter 6, “Definitions and Acronyms,” of the EPA's “ENERGY STAR Testing Facility Guidance Manual: Building a Testing Facility and Performing the Solid State Test Method for ENERGY STAR... specified in Chapter 4, “Equipment Setup and Test Procedure,” of the EPA's “ENERGY STAR Testing Facility...

  5. 10 CFR Appendix U to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Ceiling Fans

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Test Procedure,” and Chapter 6, “Definitions and Acronyms,” of the EPA's “ENERGY STAR Testing Facility Guidance Manual: Building a Testing Facility and Performing the Solid State Test Method for ENERGY STAR... specified in Chapter 4, “Equipment Setup and Test Procedure,” of the EPA's “ENERGY STAR Testing Facility...

  6. 10 CFR Appendix U to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Ceiling Fans

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Test Procedure,” and Chapter 6, “Definitions and Acronyms,” of the EPA's “ENERGY STAR Testing Facility Guidance Manual: Building a Testing Facility and Performing the Solid State Test Method for ENERGY STAR... specified in Chapter 4, “Equipment Setup and Test Procedure,” of the EPA's “ENERGY STAR Testing Facility...

  7. 10 CFR Appendix U to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Ceiling Fans

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Test Procedure,” and Chapter 6, “Definitions and Acronyms,” of the EPA's “ENERGY STAR Testing Facility Guidance Manual: Building a Testing Facility and Performing the Solid State Test Method for ENERGY STAR... specified in Chapter 4, “Equipment Setup and Test Procedure,” of the EPA's “ENERGY STAR Testing Facility...

  8. NHEXAS PHASE I ARIZONA STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR COLLECTION, STORAGE AND SHIPMENT OF DRINKING AND TAP WATER SAMPLES FOR VOCS (EPA METHOD 524.2) (UA-F-18.1)

    EPA Science Inventory

    The purpose of this SOP is to describe the collection, storage, and shipment of tap and drinking water samples for analysis by EPA method 524.2 (revision 4.0) for the NHEXAS Arizona project. This SOP provides a brief description of the sample containers, collection, preservation...

  9. Improved eicosapentaenoic acid production in Pythium splendens RBB-5 based on metabolic regulation analysis.

    PubMed

    Ren, Liang; Zhou, Pengpeng; Zhu, Yuanmin; Zhang, Ruijiao; Yu, Longjiang

    2017-05-01

    Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid for human beings. At present, the production of commercially available long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly from wild-caught ocean fish, is struggling to meet the increasing demand for EPA. Production of EPA by microorganisms may be an alternative, effective and economical method. The oleaginous fungus Pythium splendens RBB-5 is a potential source of EPA, and thanks to the simple culture conditions required, high yields can be achieved in a facile manner. In the study, lipid metabolomics was performed in an attempt to enhance EPA biosynthesis in Pythium splendens. Synthetic, metabolic regulation and gene expression analyses were conducted to clarify the mechanism of EPA biosynthesis, and guide optimization of EPA production. The results showed that the Δ 6 desaturase pathway is the main EPA biosynthetic route in this organism, and ∆ 6 , ∆ 12 and Δ 17 desaturases are the rate-limiting enzymes. All the three desaturase genes were separately introduced into the parent strain to increase the flow of fatty acids into the Δ 6 desaturase pathway. Enhanced expression of these key enzymes, in combination with improved regulation of metabolism, resulted in a maximum yield of 1.43 g/L in the D12 transgenic strain, which represents a tenfold increase over the parent strain before optimization. This is the higher EPA production yield yet reported for a microbial system. Our findings may allow the production of EPA at an industrial scale, and the strategy employed could be used to increase the production of EPA or other lipids in oleaginous microorganisms.

  10. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: results from the Welcome* study.

    PubMed

    Scorletti, Eleonora; Bhatia, Lokpal; McCormick, Keith G; Clough, Geraldine F; Nash, Kathryn; Hodson, Leanne; Moyses, Helen E; Calder, Philip C; Byrne, Christopher D

    2014-10-01

    There is no licensed treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition that increases risk of chronic liver disease, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We tested whether 15-18 months treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plus eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (Omacor/Lovaza) (4 g/day) decreased liver fat and improved two histologically-validated liver fibrosis biomarker scores (primary outcomes). Patients with NAFLD were randomised in a double blind placebo-controlled trial [DHA+EPA(n=51), placebo(n=52)]. We quantified liver fat percentage (%) by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in three liver zones. We measured liver fibrosis using two validated scores. We tested adherence to the intervention (Omacor group) and contamination (with DHA and EPA) (placebo group) by measuring erythrocyte percentage DHA and EPA enrichment (gas chromatography). We undertook multivariable linear regression to test effects of: a) DHA+EPA treatment (ITT analyses) and b) erythrocyte DHA and EPA enrichment (secondary analysis). Median (IQR) baseline and end of study liver fat% were 21.7 (19.3) and 19.7 (18.0) (placebo), and 23.0 (36.2) and 16.3 (22.0), (DHA+EPA). In the fully adjusted regression model there was a trend towards improvement in liver fat% with DHA+EPA treatment (β=-3.64 (95%CI -8.0,0.8); p=0.1) but there was evidence of contamination in the placebo group and variable adherence to the intervention in the Omacor group. Further regression analysis showed that DHA enrichment was independently associated with a decrease in liver fat% (for each 1% enrichment, β=-1.70 (95%CI -2.9,-0.5); p=0.007). No improvement in the fibrosis scores occurred. Conclusion. Erythrocyte DHA enrichment with DHA+EPA treatment is linearly associated with decreased liver fat%. Substantial decreases in liver fat% can be achieved with high percentage erythrocyte DHA enrichment in NAFLD. (Hepatology 2014;).

  11. Redox-Sensitive Induction of Src/PI3-kinase/Akt and MAPKs Pathways Activate eNOS in Response to EPA:DHA 6:1

    PubMed Central

    Zgheel, Faraj; Alhosin, Mahmoud; Rashid, Sherzad; Burban, Mélanie; Auger, Cyril; Schini-Kerth, Valérie B.

    2014-01-01

    Aims Omega-3 fatty acid products containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have vasoprotective effects, in part, by stimulating the endothelial formation of nitric oxide (NO). This study determined the role of the EPA:DHA ratio and amount, and characterized the mechanism leading to endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activation. Methods and Results EPA:DHA 6∶1 and 9∶1 caused significantly greater endothelium-dependent relaxations in porcine coronary artery rings than EPA:DHA 3∶1, 1∶1, 1∶3, 1∶6, 1∶9, EPA and DHA alone, and EPA:DHA 6∶1 with a reduced EPA + DHA amount, which were inhibited by an eNOS inhibitor. Relaxations to EPA:DHA 6∶1 were insensitive to cyclooxygenase inhibition, and reduced by inhibitors of either oxidative stress, Src kinase, PI3-kinase, p38 MAPK, MEK, or JNK. EPA:DHA 6∶1 induced phosphorylation of Src, Akt, p38 MAPK, ERK, JNK and eNOS; these effects were inhibited by MnTMPyP. EPA:DHA 6∶1 induced the endothelial formation of ROS in coronary artery sections as assessed by dihydroethidium, and of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide in cultured endothelial cells as assessed by electron spin resonance with the spin probe CMH, and the Amplex Red based assay, respectively. Conclusion Omega-3 fatty acids cause endothelium-dependent NO-mediated relaxations in coronary artery rings, which are dependent on the EPA:DHA ratio and amount, and involve an intracellular activation of the redox-sensitive PI3-kinase/Akt and MAPKs pathways to activate eNOS. PMID:25133540

  12. 40 CFR 180.498 - Sulfentrazone; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Parts per million Asparagus 0.15 Bean, lima, succulent 0.15 Brassica, head and stem, subgroup 5A 0.20... pesticide under section 18 emergency exemptions granted by EPA. Compliance with the tolerance levels...

  13. Potential Application of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Monoacylglyceride in the Management of Colorectal Cancer

    PubMed Central

    Morin, Caroline; Rodríguez, Enrique; Blier, Pierre U.; Fortin, Samuel

    2017-01-01

    Background: There is increasing evidence that marine omega-3 oils are involved in the reduction of cancer risk and progression. However, the anticancer effect of omega-3 monoglyceride on colorectal cancer has yet to be assessed. The goal of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of eicosapentaenoic acid monoglyceride (MAG-EPA) in HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells. Methods: The effect of MAG-EPA was evaluated in vitro on HCT116 cells and in vivo on mouse model of HCT116 xenograft. Results: Our data reveal that MAG-EPA decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells. In a xenograft mouse model, daily per os administration of MAG-EPA reduced tumor growth. Furthermore, MAG-EPA treatments decreased EGFR, VEGFR, and AKT activation pathways and reduced VEGF and HIF1α expression levels in tumors. Conclusion: MAG-EPA may promote apoptosis and inhibit growth of tumors by suppressing EGFR and VEGFR activation pathways. Altogether, these data provide new evidence regarding the mode of action of MAG-EPA in colorectal cancer cells. PMID:28869531

  14. Dietary Intakes of EPA and DHA Omega-3 Fatty Acids among US Childbearing-Age and Pregnant Women: An Analysis of NHANES 2001-2014.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Zhiying; Fulgoni, Victor L; Kris-Etherton, Penny M; Mitmesser, Susan Hazels

    2018-03-28

    The 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommend that the general population should consume about 8 ounces (oz.) per week of a variety of seafood, providing approximately 250 mg per day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and that pregnant and lactating women should consume 8–12 oz. per week of seafood. We determined the usual intakes, percentage not meeting recommendations, and trends in EPA and DHA intakes among childbearing-age and pregnant women (15–44 years of age) using the NHANES cycles 2001–2002 through 2013–2014. For the childbearing-age women, the mean usual intake of seafood was 0.44 ± 0.02 oz. equivalent per day and 100% of the population was below the DGA recommendation. Mean usual intakes of EPA, DHA, and combined EPA and DHA from foods and dietary supplements combined were 26.8 ± 1.4, 62.2 ± 1.9, and 88.1 ± 3.0 mg per day, respectively. Over 95% of the sample did not meet the daily intakes of 250 mg EPA and DHA. Similar results were observed for pregnant women. After controlling for covariates, there were slight but significant increases in EPA and DHA intakes from foods and dietary supplements over the 14-year span among childbearing-age ( p = 0.005) and pregnant women ( p = 0.002). It was estimated that a majority of U.S. childbearing-age and pregnant women consumed significantly lower amounts of seafood than what the DGA recommends, which subsequently leads to low intakes of EPA and DHA; in addition, dietary supplement use has not eliminated the nutrient shortfall.

  15. Meet EPA Researcher Rachelle Duvall, Ph.D.

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA Research Physical Scientist Dr. Rachelle Duvall works with equipment that measures air pollution—evaluating, testing, and approving of methods that are used in air quality monitoring networks across the U.S.

  16. EPA Nonregulatory Nonroad Duty Cycles

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA nonregulatory, nonroad duty cycles for equipment such as agricultural tractors, backhoe loaders,crawlers tractors, excavators, arc welding skid steer loaders, and wheel loaders. Also,test procedures, laboratory methods, and emissions for this equipmen

  17. EPA Approved Regulations in the California SIP

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA approved California statutes and regulations incorporated by reference in the applicable State Implementation Plan (SIP), as well as approved test procedures, methods and specifications that are cited in certain regulations listed.

  18. NHEXAS PHASE I ARIZONA STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR COLLECTION, STORAGE AND SHIPMENT OF DRINKING AND TAP WATER SAMPLES FOR TRACE METALS (EPA METHOD 200.8) (UA-F-16.1)

    EPA Science Inventory

    The purpose of this SOP is to describe how to collect, store, and ship tap and drinking water samples for analysis by EPA Method 200.8 (revision 4.4) for the NHEXAS Arizona project. This SOP provides a brief description of the sample containers, collection, preservation, storage...

  19. 40 CFR 52.1820 - Identification of plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Administration (NARA). If you wish to obtain materials from a docket in the EPA Headquarters Library, please call... FR 30308 33-15-04-02 Permissible Open Burning 1/1/96 4/21/97, 62 FR 19224 Excluding subsections 1.b...-02.1.e, m, 33-15-04-02.1.g, and 33-15-04-02.2.k Permissible Open Burning 1/1/07 5/27/08, 73 FR 30308...

  20. 40 CFR 52.1820 - Identification of plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Administration (NARA). If you wish to obtain materials from a docket in the EPA Headquarters Library, please call... FR 30308 33-15-04-02 Permissible Open Burning 1/1/96 4/21/97, 62 FR 19224 Excluding subsections 1.b...-02.1.e, m, 33-15-04-02.1.g, and 33-15-04-02.2.k Permissible Open Burning 1/1/07 5/27/08, 73 FR 30308...

  1. The Pharmacokinetic Profile of a New Gastroresistant Capsule Preparation of Eicosapentaenoic Acid as the Free Fatty Acid

    PubMed Central

    Scaioli, Eleonora; Munarini, Alessandra; Hull, Mark A.; Belluzzi, Andrea

    2015-01-01

    Supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may be beneficial for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In this study we analyzed the pharmacokinetic profile of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), as the free fatty acid (FFA), in an enteric-coated preparation, in 10 ulcerative colitis (UC) and 10 Crohn's disease (CD) patients and 15 healthy volunteers (HV). Subjects received 2 g daily of EPA-FFA for 8 weeks. Plasma phospholipid and red blood cell (RBC) membrane fatty acid content were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. There was a rapid incorporation of EPA into plasma phospholipids by 2 weeks and a slower, but highly consistent, incorporation into RBC membranes (4% total fatty acid content; coefficient of variation 10–16%). There was a concomitant reduction in relative n-6 PUFA content. Elongation and desaturation of EPA into docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) via docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) were apparent and DHA content also increased in membranes. EPA-FFA is well tolerated and no difference in the pharmacokinetic profile of n-3 PUFA incorporation was detected between IBD patients and HV. Our data support the concept that EPA can be considered the “universal donor” with respect to key n-3 PUFAs and that this enteric-coated formulation allows long term treatment with a high level of compliance. PMID:26339608

  2. Notification: Management of Travel Cards

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OA-FY15-0156, April 20, 2015. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Inspector General (OIG), plans to begin preliminary research for an audit of the management of travel cards.

  3. NEEDS v.5.15 User Guide

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    View a user guide for the the updated National Electric Energy Data System (NEEDS), the database used to construct the model plants that represent existing and planned/committed units in EPA modeling applications.

  4. [Intramuscular injection of lentivirus-mediated EPAS1 gene improves hind limb ischemia and its mechanism in a rat model of peripheral artery vascular disease].

    PubMed

    Wang, Zhihong; Gu, Hongbin; Yang, Fan; Xie, Huajie; Sheng, Lei; Li, Mingfei

    2017-11-01

    Objective To investigate the effect of over-expressed endothelial Per-Arnt-Sim domain protein 1 (EPAS1) on peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in a rat model. Methods PAD rat model was established by external iliac artery ligation followed by lentivirus-mediated EPAS1 gene injection into rat right adductor magnus. The models were evaluated by quantitative analysis of gait disturbance. The changes of blood flow in the posterior extremity of the rats were detected using laser Doppler. The expressions of EPAS1, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNAs were tested by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results Compared with lenti-EGFP group, rat hind limb function and circulation got recovered obviously 7 days after lenti-EPAS1 injection. The mRNA expressions of EPAS1, HGF, bFGF, and VEGF were up-regulated in the lenti-EPAS1-treated sites.The expression of αSMA showed an obvious increase in the lenti-EPAS1-treated muscles. Conclusion Over-expressed lenti-EPAS1 can promote angiogenesis via the up-regulation of EPAS1-related angiogenic factors in the muscles of the affected hind limb and reduce gait disturbance.

  5. Radon-induced lung cancer deaths may be overestimated due to failure to account for confounding by exposure to diesel engine exhaust in BEIR VI miner studies.

    PubMed

    Cao, Xiaodong; MacNaughton, Piers; Laurent, Jose Cedeno; Allen, Joseph G

    2017-01-01

    EPA reported that radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States, killing 21,100 people per year. EPA relies on the BEIR VI models, based on an evaluation of radon exposure and lung cancer risk in studies of miners. But these models did not account for co-exposure to diesel exhaust, a known human carcinogen recently classified by IARC. It is probable then that a portion of the lung cancer deaths in the miner cohorts are originally attributable to the exposure to diesel rather than radon. To re-evaluate EPA's radon attributable lung cancer estimates accounting for diesel exposure information in the miner cohorts. We used estimates of historical diesel concentrations, combined with diesel exposure-response functions, to estimate the risks of lung cancer attributable to diesel engine exhaust (DEE) exposure in the miner studies. We re-calculated the fatal lung cancer risk attributable to radon after accounting for risk from diesel and re-estimated the number of U.S. deaths associated with radon in the U.S. using EPA's methodology. Considering the probable confounding with DEE exposure and using the same estimate of baseline mortality from 1989-91 that the EPA currently uses in their calculations, we estimate that radon-induced lung cancer deaths per year are 15,600 (95% CI: 14,300, 17,000)- 19,300 (95% CI: 18,800, 20,000) in the U.S. population, a reduction of 9%-26%. The death estimates would be 12,900-15,900 using 2014 baseline vital statistics. We recommend further research on re-evaluating the health effects of exposure to radon that accounts for new information on diesel exhaust carcinogenicity in BEIR VI models, up-to-date vital statistics and new epidemiological evidence from residential studies.

  6. Decision support for environmental management of industrial non-hazardous secondary materials: New analytical methods combined with simulation and optimization modeling.

    PubMed

    Little, Keith W; Koralegedara, Nadeesha H; Northeim, Coleen M; Al-Abed, Souhail R

    2017-07-01

    Non-hazardous solid materials from industrial processes, once regarded as waste and disposed in landfills, offer numerous environmental and economic advantages when put to beneficial uses (BUs). Proper management of these industrial non-hazardous secondary materials (INSM) requires estimates of their probable environmental impacts among disposal as well as BU options. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently approved new analytical methods (EPA Methods 1313-1316) to assess leachability of constituents of potential concern in these materials. These new methods are more realistic for many disposal and BU options than historical methods, such as the toxicity characteristic leaching protocol. Experimental data from these new methods are used to parameterize a chemical fate and transport (F&T) model to simulate long-term environmental releases from flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) when disposed of in an industrial landfill or beneficially used as an agricultural soil amendment. The F&T model is also coupled with optimization algorithms, the Beneficial Use Decision Support System (BUDSS), under development by EPA to enhance INSM management. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  7. Developing Methods Using ToxCast Data for the Classification and Prioritization of Antimicrobials and Inerts

    EPA Science Inventory

    Improved chemical risk management and increased efficiency of chemical prioritization, classification and assessment are major goals within EPA. Towards achieving these goals, EPA's ToxCast™ research program has been designed to rapidly screen hundreds to thousands of chemicals' ...

  8. RECOVERY AND ASSAY OF VIRUSES FROM BIOSOLIDS

    EPA Science Inventory

    In a review of EPA's rule on sewage sludges, the National Research Council recommended that EPA develop improved methods for pathogens using modern technologies. They specifically mentioned viral pathogens that cannot be cultured and those that are difficult to culture. As a re...

  9. ExpoCast: Exposure Science for Prioritization and Toxicity Testing (S)

    EPA Science Inventory

    The US EPA is completing the Phase I pilot for a chemical prioritization research program, called ToxCast. Here EPA is developing methods for using computational chemistry, high-throughput screening, and toxicogenomic technologies to predict potential toxicity and prioritize limi...

  10. ExpoCast: Exposure Science for Prioritization and Toxicity Testing

    EPA Science Inventory

    The US EPA is completing the Phase I pilot for a chemical prioritization research program, called ToxCastTM. Here EPA is developing methods for using computational chemistry, high-throughput screening, and toxicogenomic technologies to predict potential toxicity and prioritize l...

  11. Increasing Efficiency of Fecal Coliform Testing Through EPA-Approved Alternate Method Colilert*-18

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Cornwell, Brian

    2017-01-01

    The 21 SM 9221 E multiple-tube fermentation method for fecal coliform analysis requires a large time and reagent investment for the performing laboratory. In late 2010, the EPA approved an alternative procedure for the determination of fecal coliforms designated as Colilert*-18. However, as of late 2016, only two VELAP-certified laboratories in the Commonwealth of Virginia have been certified in this method.

  12. Influence of Supplementation of Vegetable Oil Blends on Omega-3 Fatty Acid Production in Mortierella alpina CFR-GV15

    PubMed Central

    Vadivelan, Ganesan

    2017-01-01

    Objectives of this study were designed for improved production of mycelial omega-3 fatty acids with particular reference to EPA and DHA from the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina CFR-GV15 under submerged low temperatures fermentation supplemented with linseed oil and garden cress oil as an additional energy source. The fungus was grown at 20°C temperature for four days initially followed by 12°C temperature for next five days. The basal medium contained starch, yeast extract, and a blend of linseed oil (LSO) and garden cress oil (GCO) in the ratio 1 : 1. Results of the study revealed that, after nine days of total incubation period, the enhancement of biomass was up to 16.7 g/L dry weight with a total lipid content of 55.4% (v/w). Enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids indicated a significant increase in fatty acid bioconversion (ALA 32.2 ± 0.42%, EPA 7.9 ± 0.1%, and DHA 4.09 ± 0.2%) by 2.5-fold. The two-stage temperature cultivation alters the fatty acid profile due to activation of the desaturase enzyme in the cellular levels due to which arachidonic acid (AA) content reduced significantly. It can be concluded that Mortierella alpina CFR-GV15 is a fungal culture suitable for commercial production of PUFAs with enriched EPA and DHA. PMID:28466005

  13. Highly Purified Eicosapentaenoic Acid Increases Interleukin-10 Levels of Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Obese Patients With Dyslipidemia

    PubMed Central

    Satoh-Asahara, Noriko; Shimatsu, Akira; Sasaki, Yousuke; Nakaoka, Hidenori; Himeno, Akihiro; Tochiya, Mayu; Kono, Shigeo; Takaya, Tomohide; Ono, Koh; Wada, Hiromichi; Suganami, Takayoshi; Hasegawa, Koji; Ogawa, Yoshihiro

    2012-01-01

    OBJECTIVE It has recently been highlighted that proinflammatory (M1) macrophages predominate over anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages in obesity, thereby contributing to obesity-induced adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. A recent clinical trial revealed that highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduces the incidence of major coronary events. In this study, we examined the effect of EPA on M1/M2-like phenotypes of peripheral blood monocytes in obese dyslipidemic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Peripheral blood monocytes were prepared from 26 obese patients without and 90 obese patients with dyslipidemia. Of the latter 90 obese patients with dyslipidemia, 82 patients were treated with or without EPA treatment (1.8 g daily) for 3 months. RESULTS Monocytes in obese patients with dyslipidemia showed a significantly lower expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10), an M2 marker, than those without dyslipidemia. EPA significantly increased serum IL-10 and EPA levels, the EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio, and monocyte IL-10 expression and decreased the pulse wave velocity (PWV), an index of arterial stiffness, compared with the control group. After EPA treatment, the serum EPA/AA ratio was significantly correlated with monocyte IL-10 expression. Only increases in monocyte IL-10 expression and serum adiponectin were independent determinants of a decreased PWV by EPA. Furthermore, EPA significantly increased the expression and secretion of IL-10 in human monocytic THP-1 cells through a peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)γ-dependent pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to show that EPA increases the monocyte IL-10 expression in parallel with decrease of arterial stiffness, which may contribute to the antiatherogenic effect of EPA in obese dyslipidemic patients. PMID:22912426

  14. 78 FR 17835 - Approval and Promulgation of Federal Implementation Plan for Oil and Natural Gas Well Production...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-22

    ...The EPA is taking final action to promulgate a Reservation- specific Federal Implementation Plan in order to regulate emissions from oil and natural gas production facilities located on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in North Dakota. The Federal Implementation Plan includes basic air quality regulations for the protection of communities in and adjacent to the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation. The Federal Implementation Plan requires owners and operators of oil and natural gas production facilities to reduce emissions of volatile organic compounds emanating from well completions, recompletions, and production and storage operations. This Federal Implementation Plan will be implemented by the EPA, or a delegated tribal authority, until replaced by a Tribal Implementation Plan. The EPA proposed a Reservation-specific Federal Implementation Plan concurrently with an interim final rule on August 15, 2012. This final Federal Implementation Plan replaces the interim final rule in all intents and purposes on the effective date of the final rule. The EPA is taking this action pursuant to the Clean Air Act (CAA).

  15. IMPINGER SOLUTIONS FOR THE EFFICIENT CAPTURE OF GASEOUS MERCURY SPECIES USING DIRECT INJECTION NEBULIZATION INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY (DIN-ICP/MS) ANALYSIS

    EPA Science Inventory

    Currently there are no EPA reference sampling mehtods that have been promulgated for measuring Hg from coal combustion sources. EPA Method 29 is most commonly applied. The ASTM Ontario Hydro Draft Method for measuring oxidized, elemental, particulate-bound and total Hg is now und...

  16. EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA Method 1615 measures enteroviruses and noroviruses present in environmental and drinking waters. The viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) from water sample concentrates is extracted and tested for enterovirus and norovirus RNA using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). V...

  17. Testing Consent Agreement for N-methylpyrrolidone

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA has signed an Enforceable Consent Agreement (ECA) pursuant to the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq., with Arco Chemical Company, BASF Corporation, and International Specialty Products Company.

  18. Report: Science to Support Rulemaking

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #2003-P-00003, November 15, 2002. The rules included in the pilot study were not a representative statistical sample of EPA rules, and we did not identify all ofthe critical science inputs for every rule.

  19. 33 CFR 230.23 - Predecision referrals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... district commander determines that a predecision referral is appropriate, the case will be sent through division to reach CECW-RE not later than 15 days after the final EIS was filed with EPA. Corps actions...

  20. 33 CFR 230.23 - Predecision referrals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... district commander determines that a predecision referral is appropriate, the case will be sent through division to reach CECW-RE not later than 15 days after the final EIS was filed with EPA. Corps actions...

  1. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Sampling ...

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of manufactured compounds used in a variety of industries, such as aerospace, automotive, textiles, and electronics, and are used in some food packaging and firefighting materials. For example, they may be used to make products more resistant to stains, grease and water. In the environment, some PFAS break down very slowly, if at all, allowing bioaccumulation (concentration) to occur in humans and wildlife. Some have been found to be toxic to laboratory animals, producing reproductive, developmental, and systemic effects in laboratory tests. EPA's methods for analyzing PFAS in environmental media are in various stages of development. This technical brief summarizes the work being done to develop robust analytical methods for groundwater, surface water, wastewater, and solids, including soils, sediments, and biosolids. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) methods for analyzing PFAS in environmental media are in various stages of development. EPA is working to develop robust analytical methods for groundwater, surface water, wastewater, and solids, including soils, sediments, and biosolids.

  2. Use of biodiesel-derived crude glycerol for producing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) by the fungus Pythium irregulare.

    PubMed

    Athalye, Sneha K; Garcia, Rafael A; Wen, Zhiyou

    2009-04-08

    Crude glycerol is a major byproduct for the biodiesel industry. Producing value-added products through microbial fermentation on crude glycerol provides opportunities to utilize a large quantity of this byproduct. The objective of this study is to explore the potential of using crude glycerol for producing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) by the fungus Pythium irregulare . When P. irregulare was grown in medium containing 30 g/L crude glycerol and 10 g/L yeast extract, EPA yield and productivity reached 90 mg/L and 14.9 mg/L x day, respectively. Adding pure vegetable oils (flaxseed oil and soybean oil) to the culture greatly enhanced the biomass and the EPA production. This enhancement was due to the oil absorption by the fungal cells and elongation of shorter chain fatty acids (e.g., linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid) into longer chain fatty acid (e.g., EPA). The major impurities contained in crude glycerol, soap and methanol, were inhibitory to fungal growth. Soap can be precipitated from the liquid medium through pH adjustment, whereas methanol can be evaporated from the medium during autoclaving. The glycerol-derived fungal biomass contained about 15% lipid, 36% protein, and 40% carbohydrate, with 9% ash. In addition to EPA, the fungal biomass was also rich in the essential amino acids lysine, arginine, and leucine, relative to many common feedstuffs. Elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma showed that aluminum, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, sodium, sulfur, and zinc were present in the biomass, whereas no heavy metals (such as mercury and lead) were detected. The results show that it is feasible to use crude glycerol for producing fungal biomass that can serve as EPA-fortified food or feed.

  3. Registration of Enlist Duo

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA is proposing to amend the registration of Enlist Duo to allow use on GE cotton in the original 15 states and extend the use of Enlist Duo on GE corn, soybean and cotton to an additional 19 states.

  4. U.S.-MEXICO BORDER PROGRAM ARIZONA BORDER STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR COLLECTION, STORAGE, AND SHIPMENT OF DRINKING AND TAP WATER SAMPLES FOR VOCS (EPA METHOD 524.2) ANALYSIS (UA-F-18.1)

    EPA Science Inventory

    The purpose of this SOP is to describe the collection, storage, and shipment of tap and drinking water samples for analysis by EPA method 524.2 (revision 4.0). This SOP provides a brief description of the sample containers, collection, preservation, storage, shipping, and custod...

  5. The effects of long-term treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on hypoxia/rexoygenation injury of isolated cardiac cells in adult rats.

    PubMed

    Hayashi, M; Nasa, Y; Tanonaka, K; Sasaki, H; Miyake, R; Hayashi, J; Takeo, S

    1995-09-01

    N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been epidemiologically demonstrated to decrease the incidence of ischaemic heart disease. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of long-term treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury of isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes. Rats, fed with standard rat chow, were treated with 100 to 1000 mg/kg/day EPA or 1000 mg/kg/day DHA for 4 weeks and their cardiomyocytes were isolated by collagenase treatment. The cardiomyocytes, approximately 90% of which were rod-shaped, were subjected to 150-min hypoxia/15-min reoxygenation, and their survivals at the ends of hypoxia and reoxygenation were determined. Treatment with either 1000 mg/kg/day of EPA or DHA resulted in a significant increase in the survival of the cardiomyocytes (39.9 +/- 1.1 and 38.3 +/- 3.0%, n = 14 and 8, respectively v 26.7 +/- 1.6%, n = 8, for untreated group). Treatment with EPA increased eicosapentaenoic (377% increase), oleic (25% increase) and linoleic acid (37% increase) contents in the myocardial total phospholipids without changes in the total phospholipid content, whereas treatment with DHA did not increase DHA incorporation into the myocardial phospholipids. The results suggest that EPA and DHA protect the myocardial cells against hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced injury. Although alterations in myocardial phospholipid composition were observed by treatment with EPA or DHA, the primary mechanism underlying the benefit of EPA or DHA intake is unlikely to be related to increased incorporation of their own fatty acids into the myocardial phospholipids, or the mechanism may be different in each n-3 unsaturated fatty acid employed.

  6. Semiannual Report: Oct 1, 2014 - Mar 31, 2015

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Semiannual Report #EPA-350-R-15-001, May, 2015. This report contains numerous examples where the agency could have put funds to better use, done more to improve efficiencies, or improved business practices and accountability.

  7. Notification: Benefits to EPA Research Goals from Reimbursable Research

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OPE-FY15-0021, March 19, 2015. The Office of Inspector General (OIG) plans to begin preliminary research on the Office of Research and Development’s reimbursable research agreements on April 3, 2015.

  8. Final Project Report for the Development of an Active Soil Gas Sampling Method

    EPA Science Inventory

    The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is charged by Congress with protecting the nation's natural resources. Under the mandate of national environmental laws, the EPA strives to formulate and implement actions leading to a compatible balance between human activities and ...

  9. ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF DICHLOROACETIC ACID (DCA) USING A MULTI-ENDPOINT MEDAKA ASSAY

    EPA Science Inventory

    In regulating the safety of water, EPA makes decisions on what chemical contaminants to regulate and at what levels. To make these decisions, the EPA needs hazard identification and dose-response information. Current rodent methods for generating required information have limita...

  10. SEWER SEDIMENT CONTROL: AN OVERVIEW OF THE EPA WET WEATHER FLOW (WWF) RESEARCH PROGRAM

    EPA Science Inventory

    This paper presents an overview of EPA WWF Research Program projects related to causes of sewer solids deposition and control methods that can prevent accumulation of sewer sediments. In particular, discussion will focus on the relationship of wastewater characteristics to flow ...

  11. Emerging Tools to Estimate and to Predict Exposures to Chemicals

    EPA Science Inventory

    The timely assessment of the human and ecological risk posed by thousands of existing and emerging commercial chemicals is a critical challenge facing EPA in its mission to protect public health and the environment The US EPA has been conducting research to enhance methods used t...

  12. MOLECULAR METHODS USED TO ASSESS THE RISKS OF TRANSGENE FLOW; BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS

    EPA Science Inventory

    The US EPA WED has initiated a gene flow project to characterize ecological risks of gene flow from GM plants to native species. Development of molecular assays for risk characterization down to gene expression level is of high interest to the EPA. Phylogenetic analyses of ampl...

  13. Deconstruction Rapid Assessment Tool

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Deconstruction Rapid Assessment Tool (EPA 905-F-15-001) instructions, form and spreadsheet for assessing and triaging structures being considered for deconstruction. Promote environmental stewardship and economic revitalization through deconstruction.

  14. U.S.-MEXICO BORDER PROGRAM ARIZONA BORDER STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR COLLECTION, STORAGE, AND SHIPMENT OF DRINKING AND TAP WATER SAMPLES FOR TRACE METALS (EPA METHOD 200.8) ANALYSIS (UA-F-16.1)

    EPA Science Inventory

    The purpose of this SOP is to describe how to collect, store, and ship tap and drinking water samples for analysis by EPA Method 200.8 (revision 4.4) for the NHEXAS Arizona project. This SOP provides a brief description of the sample containers, collection, preservation, storage...

  15. The sensitivity of an hydroponic lettuce root elongation bioassay to metals, phenol and wastewaters.

    PubMed

    Park, Jihae; Yoon, Jeong-Hyun; Depuydt, Stephen; Oh, Jung-Woo; Jo, Youn-Min; Kim, Kyungtae; Brown, Murray T; Han, Taejun

    2016-04-01

    The root elongation bioassay is one of the most straightforward test methods used for environmental monitoring in terms of simplicity, rapidity and economy since it merely requires filter paper, distilled water and Petri dishes. However, filter paper as a support material is known to be problematic as it can reduce the sensitivity of the test. The newly developed hydroponic method reported here differs from the conventional root elongation method (US EPA filter paper method) in that no support material is used and the exposure time is shorter (48 h in this test versus 120 h in the US EPA test). For metals, the hydroponic test method was 3.3 (for Hg) to 57 (for Cu) times more sensitive than the US EPA method with the rank orders of sensitivity, estimated from EC50 values, being Cu≥Cd>Ni≥Zn≥Hg for the former and Hg≥Cu≥Ni≥Cd≥Zn for the latter methods. For phenol, the results did not differ significantly; EC50 values were 124 mg L(-1) and 108-180 mg L(-1) for the hydroponic and filter paper methods, respectively. Lettuce was less sensitive than daphnids to wastewaters, but the root elongation response appears to be wastewater-specific and is especially sensitive for detecting the presence of fluorine. The new hydroponic test thus provides many practical advantages, especially in terms of cost and time-effectiveness requiring only a well plate, a small volume of distilled water and short exposure period; furthermore, no specialist expertise is required. The method is simpler than the conventional EPA technique in not using filter paper which can influence the sensitivity of the test. Additionally, plant seeds have a long shelf-life and require little or no maintenance. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. Erythrocyte omega-3 fatty acids are inversely associated with incident dementia: Secondary analyses of longitudinal data from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS).

    PubMed

    Ammann, Eric M; Pottala, James V; Robinson, Jennifer G; Espeland, Mark A; Harris, William S

    2017-06-01

    To assess whether red blood cell (RBC) docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA+EPA) levels have a protective association with the risk of dementia in older women. RBC DHA+EPA levels were assessed at baseline, and cognitive status was evaluated annually in a cohort of 6706 women aged ≥65 years who participated in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS). Cox regression was used to quantify the association between RBC DHA+EPA and the risk of probable dementia, independent of major dementia risk factors. During a median follow-up period of 9.8 years, 587 incident cases of probable dementia were identified. After adjusting for demographic, clinical, and behavioral risk factors, a one standard deviation increase in DHA+EPA levels was associated with a significantly lower risk of dementia (HR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84, 1.00; p < 0.05). This effect estimate did not meaningfully change after further adjustment for baseline cognitive function and APOE genotype. For women with high DHA+EPA exposure (1SD above mean) compared to low exposure (1SD below mean), the adjusted 15-year absolute risk difference for dementia was 2.1% (95% CI: 0.2%, 4.0%). In secondary analyses, we also observed a protective association with longitudinal change in Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) Exam scores, but no significant association with incident MCI, PD/MCI, or baseline 3MS scores. Higher levels of DHA+EPA may help protect against the development of dementia. Results from prospective randomized controlled trials of DHA+EPA supplementation are needed to help clarify whether this association is causal. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Application of Benchmark Dose Methodology to a Variety of Endpoints and Exposures

    EPA Science Inventory

    This latest beta version (1.1b) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Benchmark Dose Software (BMDS) is being distributed for public comment. The BMDS system is being developed as a tool to facilitate the application of benchmark dose (BMD) methods to EPA hazardous p...

  18. 75 FR 69353 - Isoxaben; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-12

    ... e-CFR site at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr . To access the harmonized test guidelines referenced in this document electronically, please go to http://www.epa.gov/ocspp and select ``Test Methods and... reliability as well as the relationship of the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered...

  19. Quality Assurance Testing of Version 1.3 of U.S. EPA Benchmark Dose Software (Presentation)

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA benchmark dose software (BMDS) issued to evaluate chemical dose-response data in support of Agency risk assessments, and must therefore be dependable. Quality assurance testing methods developed for BMDS were designed to assess model dependability with respect to curve-fitt...

  20. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Whitney, K.

    This report covers work the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) Office of Automotive Engineering has conducted for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) in support of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct). Section 1506 of EPAct requires EPA to produce an updated fuel effects model representing the 2007 light - duty gasoline fleet, including determination of the emissions impacts of increased renewable fuel use. This report covers the exhaust emissions testing of 15 light-duty vehicles with 27 E0 through E20 test fuels, and 4 light-duty flexible fuel vehiclesmore » (FFVs) on an E85 fuel, as part of the EPAct Gasoline Light-Duty Exhaust Fuel Effects Test Program. This program will also be referred to as the EPAct/V2/E-89 Program based on the designations used for it by the EPA, NREL, and CRC, respectively. It is expected that this report will be an attachment or a chapter in the overall EPAct/V2/E-89 Program report prepared by EPA and NREL.« less

  1. Leachability of Arsenic and Heavy Metals from Mine Tailings of Abandoned Metal Mines

    PubMed Central

    Lim, Mihee; Han, Gi-Chun; Ahn, Ji-Whan; You, Kwang-Suk; Kim, Hyung-Seok

    2009-01-01

    Mine tailings from an abandoned metal mine in Korea contained high concentrations of arsenic (As) and heavy metals [e.g., As: 67,336, Fe: 137,180, Cu: 764, Pb: 3,572, and Zn: 12,420 (mg/kg)]. US EPA method 6010 was an effective method for analyzing total arsenic and heavy metals concentrations. Arsenic in the mine tailings showed a high residual fraction of 89% by a sequential extraction. In Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and Korean Standard Leaching Test (KSLT), leaching concentrations of arsenic and heavy metals were very low [e.g., As (mg/L): 0.4 for TCLP and 0.2 for KSLT; cf. As criteria (mg/L): 5.0 for TCLP and 1.5 for KSLT]. PMID:20049231

  2. Dried blood spot omega-3 and omega-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in 7-9 year old Zimbabwean children: a cross sectional study.

    PubMed

    Mashavave, Grace; Kuona, Patience; Tinago, Willard; Stray-Pedersen, Babill; Munjoma, Marshall; Musarurwa, Cuthbert

    2016-01-01

    Omega-3 long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs)-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)- and omega-6 LC-PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA), are essential for optimum physical and mental development in children. Prior to this study, the blood omega-3 LC-PUFA levels were unknown in Zimbabwean children, particularly in those aged 7-9 years, despite the documented benefits of LC-PUFAs. Documentation of the LC-PUFA levels in this age group would help determine whether interventions, such as fortification, are necessary. This study aimed to determine dried whole blood spot omega-3 and omega-6 LC-PUFA levels and LC-PUFA reference intervals among a selected group of Zimbabwean children aged 7-9 years old. We conducted a cross sectional study from September 2011 to August 2012 on a cohort of peri-urban, Zimbabwean children aged 7-9 years. The children were born to mothers enrolled at late pregnancy into an HIV prevention program between 2002 and 2004. Dried whole blood spots were sampled on butylated hydroxytoluene antioxidant impregnated filter papers and dried. LC-PUFAs were quantified using gas liquid chromatography. Differences in LC-PUFAs between groups were compared using the Kruskal Wallis test and reference intervals determined using non-parametric statistical methods. LC-PUFAs levels were determined in 297 Zimbabwean children of whom 170 (57.2 %) were girls. The study determined that LC-PUFAs (wt/wt) ranges were EPA 0.06-0.55 %, DPA 0.38-1.98 %, DHA 1.13-3.52 %, ARA 5.58-14.64 % and ARA: EPA ratio 15.47-1633.33. Sixteen participants had omega-3 LC-PUFAs levels below the determined reference intervals, while 18 had higher omega-6 LC-PUFAs. The study did not show gender differences in omega-3 and omega-6 LC-PUFAs levels (all p > 0.05). EPA was significantly higher in the 8 year age group compared to those aged 7 and 9 years (median; 0.20 vs 0.17 vs 0.18, respectively, p = 0.049). ARA: EPA ratio was significantly higher in the 7 year age group compared to those aged 8 and 9 years (median; 64.38 vs 56.43 vs 55.87 respectively, p = 0.014). In this cohort of children, lower EPA levels and higher ARA: EPA ratios were observed compared to those reported in apparently healthy children elsewhere. The high ARA: EPA ratios might increase the vulnerability of these children to inflammatory pathologies. Identification and incorporation into diet of locally produced foodstuffs rich in omega-3 LC-PUFAs is recommended as well as advocating for dietary supplementation with omega-3 fish oils and algae based oils.

  3. 2013 Cellulosic Biofuel Standard: Direct Final Rule

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The direct final action is to revise the 2013 cellulosic biofuel standard. This action follows from EPA having granted API's and AFPM's petitions for reconsideration of the 2013 cellulosic biofuel standard published on August 15, 2013.

  4. INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE: U.S. EPA'S APPROACH TO SURVEILLANCE AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER QUALITY

    EPA Science Inventory

    For the past 35 years, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been establishing health-based standards for more than 80 contaminants and developing water quality methods and tools to monitor, assess, and report on the health of America's water resources. The Safe Drinking ...

  5. 75 FR 81878 - Imazosulfuron; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-29

    ... e-CFR site at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr . To access the harmonized test guidelines referenced in this document electronically, please go http://www.epa.gov/ocspp and select ``Test Methods and... reliability as well as the relationship of the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered...

  6. Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency: Establishing Common Osteopathic Performance Standards in the Transition From Medical School to Residency.

    PubMed

    Basehore, Pamela M; Mortensen, Luke H; Katsaros, Emmanuel; Linsenmeyer, Machelle; McClain, Elizabeth K; Sexton, Patricia S; Wadsworth, Nicole

    2017-11-01

    Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are measurable units of observable professional practice that can be entrusted to an unsupervised trainee. They were first introduced as a method of operationalizing competency-based medical education in graduate medical education. The American Association of Medical Colleges subsequently used EPAs to establish the core skills that medical students must be able to perform before they enter residency training. A recently published guide provides descriptions, guidelines, and rationale for implementing and assessing the core EPAs from an osteopathic approach. These osteopathically informed EPAs can allow schools to more appropriately assess a learner's whole-person approach to a patient, in alignment with the philosophy of the profession. As the single accreditation system for graduate medical education moves forward, it will be critical to integrate EPAs into osteopathic medical education to demonstrate entrustment of medical school graduates. The authors describe the collaborative process used to establish the osteopathic considerations added to EPAs and explores the challenges and opportunities for undergraduate osteopathic medical education.

  7. Sediment quality criteria: A review with recommendations for developing criteria for the Hanford Site

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Driver, C.J.

    1994-05-01

    Criteria for determining the quality of liver sediment are necessary to ensure that concentrations of contaminants in aquatic systems are within acceptable limits for the protection of aquatic and human life. Such criteria should facilitate decision-making about remediation, handling, and disposal of contaminants. Several approaches to the development of sediment quality criteria (SQC) have been described and include both descriptive and numerical methods. However, no single method measures all impacts at all times to all organisms (U.S. EPA 1992b). The U.S. EPA`s interest is primarily in establishing chemically based, numerical SQC that are applicable nation-wide (Shea 1988). Of the approachesmore » proposed for SQC development, only three are being considered for numerical SQC on a national level. These approaches include an Equilibrium Partitioning Approach, a site-specific method using bioassays (the Apparent Effects Threshold Approach), and an approach similar to EPA`s water quality criteria (Pavlou and Weston 1984). Although national (or even regional) criteria address a number of political, litigative, and engineering needs, some researchers feel that protection of benthic communities require site-specific, biologically based criteria (Baudo et al. 1990). This is particularly true for areas where complex mixtures of contaminants are present in sediments. Other scientifically valid and accepted procedures for freshwater SQC include a background concentration approach, methods using field or spiked bioassays, a screening level concentration approach, the Apparent Effects Threshold Approach, the Sediment Quality Triad, the International Joint Commission Sediment Assessment Strategy, and the National Status and Trends Program Approach. The various sediment assessment approaches are evaluated for application to the Hanford Reach and recommendations for Hanford Site sediment quality criteria are discussed.« less

  8. 30 CFR 550.302 - Definitions concerning air quality.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... pollutant means any combination of agents for which the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has... is calculated by air quality modeling (or other methods determined by the Administrator of EPA to be... available control technology (BACT) means an emission limitation based on the maximum degree of reduction...

  9. 30 CFR 250.302 - Definitions concerning air quality.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... any combination of agents for which the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established... by air quality modeling (or other methods determined by the Administrator of EPA to be reliable) not... control technology (BACT) means an emission limitation based on the maximum degree of reduction for each...

  10. 30 CFR 550.302 - Definitions concerning air quality.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... pollutant means any combination of agents for which the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has... is calculated by air quality modeling (or other methods determined by the Administrator of EPA to be... available control technology (BACT) means an emission limitation based on the maximum degree of reduction...

  11. 30 CFR 550.302 - Definitions concerning air quality.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... pollutant means any combination of agents for which the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has... is calculated by air quality modeling (or other methods determined by the Administrator of EPA to be... available control technology (BACT) means an emission limitation based on the maximum degree of reduction...

  12. 77 FR 75039 - Propiconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-19

    ...- 671A) is available to enforce the tolerance expression. The method may be requested from: Chief... action, identified by docket identification (ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2011-0772, is available at http://www... additional information about the docket available at http://www.epa.gov/dockets . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION...

  13. EPA's Reference and Equivalent Supporting NAAQS Implementation through Methods Research Program: Research, Development, and Analysis

    EPA Science Inventory

    . To assess the ambient concentration levels of the six criteria air pollutants regulated by National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed a systematic framework of: (a) field measurements of ambient air pollutant levels ...

  14. APPLICATION OF THE REGIONAL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT (REVA) INTEGRATION TOOL AND UNDERLYING METHODS FOR MULTI-SCALE DECISION MAKING

    EPA Science Inventory

    In support of the National Science and Technology Council's cross-Agency priority of Integrated Science for Ecological Challenges (ISEC) EPA is conducting research to improve capabilities in the area of regional vulnerability assessment and ecological forecasting. EPA's research...

  15. Systematic Review Protocol for the IRIS Chloroform Assessment (Inhalation) (Preliminary Assessment Materials)

    EPA Science Inventory

    In January 2018, EPA released the Systematic Review Protocol for the IRIS Chloroform Assessment (Inhalation). As part of developing a draft IRIS assessment, EPA presents a methods document, referred to as the protocol, for conducting a chemical-specific systematic revie...

  16. 40 CFR 59.213 - Incorporations by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...., Washington, DC 20460, the EPA Library (MD-35), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, or at the National... University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI, 48106. (1) ASTM Method E220-86...

  17. RESULTS FROM EPA FUNDED RESEARCH PROGRAMS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF PURGE VOLUME, SAMPLE VOLUME, SAMPLE FLOW RATE AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS ON SOIL GAS CONCENTRATIONS

    EPA Science Inventory

    Two research studies funded and overseen by EPA have been conducted since October 2006 on soil gas sampling methods and variations in shallow soil gas concentrations with the purpose of improving our understanding of soil gas methods and data for vapor intrusion applications. Al...

  18. 40 CFR 63.5390 - How do I measure the HAP content of a finish?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... analysis by EPA Method 311 are different from the HAP content determined by another means, the EPA Method... content analysis as determined in paragraph (a) of this section for each finish when you perform one of... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true How do I measure the HAP content of a...

  19. Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Did not Alter trans-10,cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Incorporation into Mice Brain and Eye Lipids.

    PubMed

    Vemuri, Madhuri; Adkins, Yuriko; Mackey, Bruce E; Kelley, Darshan S

    2017-09-01

    trans 10,cis 12-CLA has been reported to alter fatty acid composition in several non-neurological tissues, but its effects are less known in neurological tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if CLA supplementation would alter brain and eye fatty acid composition and if those changes could be prevented by concomitant supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n3) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n3). Eight-week-old, pathogen-free C57BL/6N female mice (n = 6/group) were fed either the control diet or diets containing 0.5% (w/w) t10,c12-CLA in the presence or absence of either 1.5% DHA or 1.5% EPA for 8 weeks. CLA concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the eye but not in the brain lipids of the CLA group when compared with the control group. The sums of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and n3:n6 ratio did not differ between these two groups for both tissues. The n3:n6 ratio and concentrations of 20:5n3 and 22:5n3 were significantly greater, and those of 20:4n6, 22:4n6, and 22:5n6 were lesser in the CLA + DHA and CLA + EPA groups than in the control and CLA groups for either tissue. DHA concentration was higher in the CLA + DHA group only but not in the CLA + EPA group when compared with the CLA group for both tissues. The dietary fatty acids generally induced similar changes in brain and eye fatty acid concentration and at the concentrations used both DHA and EPA fed individually with CLA were more potent than CLA alone in altering the tissue fatty acid concentration.

  20. A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoate (EPA-E) for Major Depressive Disorder

    PubMed Central

    Mischoulon, David; Papakostas, George I.; Dording, Christina M.; Farabaugh, Amy H.; Sonawalla, Shamsah B.; Agoston, Monica; Smith, Juliana; Beaumont, Erin; Dahan, Liat; Alpert, Jonathan E.; Nierenberg, Andrew A.; Fava, Maurizio

    2010-01-01

    Objective We examined the efficacy and tolerability of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate (EPA-E) monotherapy for major depressive disorder (MDD) in a double-blind, randomized controlled pilot study. Methods 57 adults with DSM-IV MDD were randomized from 1/2003-6/2006 to receive 1 gram/day of EPA or placebo (PBO) for 8 weeks. Response criteria were based on the Hamilton-D-17 scale. Subjects' plasma lipid profiles were examined by gas chromatography. Results 35 subjects (63% female; mean age 45+/-13 yrs) were eligible for the intent to treat (ITT) analysis. In the ITT sample, mean HAM-D-17 scores decreased from 21.6+/-2.7 to 13.9+/-8.9 for the EPA group (n=16) and from 20.5+/-3.6 to 17.5+/-7.5 for the PBO group (n=19) (p=0.123); the effect size for EPA was 0.55. ITT response rates were 38% (6/16) for EPA, and 21% (4/19) for PBO (p=0.45). Among the 24 study completers, mean HAM-D-17 scores decreased from 21.3+/-3.0 to 11.1+/-8.1 for the EPA group and from 20.5+/-3.8 to 16.3+/-6.9 for the PBO group (p=0.087); the effect size for EPA was 0.73. Completer response rates were 45% (5/11) for EPA, and 23% (3/13) for PBO (p=0.39). Among EPA subjects, baseline n-6/n-3 ratio was associated with decrease in HAM-D-17 score (r= -0.686, p=0.030) and with treatment response (p=0.032); change in n-6/n-3 ratio was associated with change in HAM-D-17 score (r=0.784, p=0.032). Side effects, reported in 2 EPA subjects and 5 PBO subjects, were exclusively gastrointestinal, mild, and not associated with discontinuation. Conclusions EPA demonstrated an advantage over placebo that did not reach statistical significance, possibly due to the small sample and low completer rates, which were the major study limitations. PMID:19709502

  1. Contribution of cod liver oil-related nutrients (vitamins A, D, E and eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) to daily nutrient intake and their associations with plasma concentrations in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort

    PubMed Central

    Lentjes, M A H; Mulligan, A A; Welch, A A; Bhaniani, A; Luben, R N; Khaw, K–T

    2015-01-01

    Background Total nutrient intake (TNI) is intake from food and supplements. This provides an assessment of nutrient adequacy and the prevalence of excessive intake, as well as the response with respect to biomarkers. Cod liver oil (CLO) is the most frequently consumed supplement in the UK, containing nutrients that might have varying influences on health. We calculated TNI for vitamins A, D and E, as well as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and assessed associations with the respective blood concentrations. Methods Seven-day diet diaries and blood samples were taken from two subsets of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk) cohort (age range 39–79 years; n = 1400 for vitamin D; n = 6656 for remaining nutrients). TNI was calculated for the subgroups: nonsupplement users, those consuming the nutrient in supplement form and those consuming a supplement without this nutrient. Results CLO-related nutrients were supplemented by 15%–33%, which approximately doubled median intakes. Almost everyone in the supplement + vitamin A group reached the estimated average requirement; however, guideline levels were likely to be exceeded. Partial correlations between intake of vitamins A and D and biomarkers were low and modestly strengthened by the inclusion of supplement sources (correlation = 0.01–0.13). Correlations between biomarker and TNI of vitamin E and EPA+DHA were in the range 0.40–0.46; however, vitamin E exceeding food intake resulted in attenuated coefficients. Linear associations between food or TNI EPA+DHA and plasma were weak but consistent across subgroups. Conclusions CLO-related nutrients contribute substantially to nutrient intake, with a risk of over-consumption. Apart from EPA+DHA, biomarker data suggest that CLO-related nutrients in supplements are not linearly associated with vitamin status. PMID:25228113

  2. U.S. EPA'S URBAN WATERSHED RESEARCH PROGRAM IN BMPS AND RESTORATION FOR WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT

    EPA Science Inventory

    The U.S. EPA's Urban Watershed Management Branch is responsible for developing and demonstrating technologies and methods required managing the risk to public health, property and the environment from wet weather flows (WWF) in urban watersheds. The activities are primarily aimed...

  3. 77 FR 52240 - Pendimethalin; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-29

    ..., identified by docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2011-0521, by one of the following methods: Federal eRulemaking... relationship of the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered available information... subchronic rat and mouse studies was manifested as alterations in thyroid hormones, increased thyroid weight...

  4. TRACE-LEVEL MEASUREMENT OF COMPLEX COMBUSTION EFFLUENTS AND RESIDUES USING MULTIDIMENSIONAL GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (MDGC-MS). (R828190)

    EPA Science Inventory

    The identification and quantitation of non-method-specific target analytes have greater importance with respect to EPA's current combustion strategy. The risk associated with combustion process emissions must now be characterized. EPA has recently released draft guidance on pr...

  5. REDUCING CHILDREN'S RISK FROM LEAD IN SOIL

    EPA Science Inventory

    Traditional methods for reducing risk from elevated levels of soil Pb involves removal, covering, or dilution by mixing with uncontaminated soil. Believing that in situ remediation techniques are viable alternatives, the EPA=s National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) ...

  6. Application of LC/MS/MS Techniques to Development of US ...

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This presentation will describe the U.S. EPA’s drinking water and ambient water method development program in relation to the process employed and the typical challenges encountered in developing standardized LC/MS/MS methods for chemicals of emerging concern. The EPA’s Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List and Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulations, which are the driving forces behind drinking water method development, will be introduced. Three drinking water LC/MS/MS methods (Methods 537, 544 and a new method for nonylphenol) and two ambient water LC/MS/MS methods for cyanotoxins will be described that highlight some of the challenges encountered during development of these methods. This presentation will provide the audience with basic understanding of EPA's drinking water method development program and an introduction to two new ambient water EPA methods.

  7. Notification: Follow-up Review of EPA’s Classification of National Security Information

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OPE-FY15-0057, July 20, 2015. The EPA OIG plans to begin preliminary research on the OARM actions taken to improve policies and procedures related to the classification of national security information.

  8. Notification: Review of EPA’s Transit Subsidy Program

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OA-FY15-0080, January 30, 2015. The Office of Inspector General (OIG) for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) plans to begin preliminary research on EPA’s current transit subsidy practices, policies and procedures.

  9. Notification: Evaluation of Time-Critical Removal Actions for Superfund Sites

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OPE-FY15-0019, February 4, 2015. The EPA OIG plans to begin preliminary research on the evaluation of the effectiveness of time-critical removal actions for Superfund sites on February 24, 2015.

  10. Region 5: Indiana Adequate Letter (7/15/2005)

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This letter from EPA to the Indiana Department of Environmental Management determined the 2015 motor vehicle emission budgets (MVEBs) for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) for Evansville, Indiana's 8-hour ozone nonattainment

  11. Notification: Review of Public Protections From Mercury Contamination in Fish

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OPE-FY15-0061, September 9, 2015. The Office of Inspector General (OIG) for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) plans to begin research on existing public protections for mercury contamination in fish.

  12. EPA'S COASTAL 2000 MONITORING PROGRAM IN THE NORTHEAST U.S.: CONSISTENCY IN METHODS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

    EPA Science Inventory

    As part of EPA's national Coastal 2000 effort to estimate the ecological condition of our Nation's estuarine resources, sampling of the estuaries of the northeast United States (Delaware to Maine) began in the summer of 2000. Samples and data were collected to determine water qua...

  13. Too many chemicals, too little time: Rapid in silico methods to characterize and predict ADME properties for chemical toxicity and exposure potential

    EPA Science Inventory

    Evaluating proposed alternative chemical structures to support the design of safer chemicals and products is an important component of EPA's Green Chemistry and Design for the Environment (DfE) Programs. As such, science-based alternatives assessment is essential to support EPA's...

  14. Community radiation monitoring program. Annual report, October 1, 1992--September 30, 1993

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cooper, E.N.

    1994-08-01

    The Community Radiation Monitoring Program (CRMP) is a cooperative effort between the US Department of Energy (DOE), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Desert Research Institute (DRI), a division of the University and Community College System of Nevada, and the Nuclear Engineering Laboratory of the University of Utah (UUNEL). The thirteenth year of this program began in the fall of 1992, and the work continues as an integral part of the DOE--sponsored long-term offsite radiological monitoring effort that has been conducted by EPA and its predecessors since the inception of nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Themore » CRMP began by enhancing and centralizing environmental monitoring and sampling equipment at 15 communities in the then-existing EPA monitoring network around the NTS, and has since expanded to 19 locations in Nevada, Utah, and California. The primary objectives of this program are still to increase the understanding by the people who live in the area surrounding the NTS of the activities for which DOE is responsible, to enhance the performance of radiological sampling and monitoring, and to inform all concerned of the results of these efforts. One of the primary methods used to improve the communication link with the people in the potentially impacted area has been the hiring and training of local citizens as Station Managers and program representatives in those selected communities in the offsite area. These mangers, active science teachers wherever possible, have succeeded through their training, experience, community standing, and effort in becoming a very visible, able, and valuable asset in this link.« less

  15. EPA evaluates air, water controls

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fairley, P.

    1996-06-05

    Water and air pollution controls make significant contribution to the economy`s health, according to two EPA reports. Clean water provides billions of dollars in benefits to US industries, says a recently released study; and the agency`s draft report on the benefits of air pollution identifiesmore » $$20 in medical costs avoided for every dollar spent on pollution controls. The Clean Water Industry Coalition (CWIC) says the water report reaffirms the need to {open_quotes}modernize{close_quotes} the Clean Water Act (CWA), but EPA administrator Carol Browner says a CWA {open_quotes}rollback{close_quotes} supported by CWIC and passed by House Republicans last May would have jeopardized industries that depend on clean water by weakening effluent standards. Browner denies that the benefits of clean water as identified by the EPA report would have protected water standards from the bill`s cost-benefit requirements. A draft EPA report on clean air leaked by the American Lung Association estimates that tailpipe and smokestack controls for air pollution saved 79,000 lives and resulted in 15 million fewer respiratory illnesses in 1990 alone. The report assesses the costs and benefits of the Clean Air Act from 1970 to 1990. The cost of federal, state, and local regulations were estimated at $$436 billion over the 20-year span, whereas direct benefits of reduced pollution totaled $6.8 trillion.« less

  16. Shortening the Miles to the Milestones: Connecting EPA-Based Evaluations to ACGME Milestone Reports for Internal Medicine Residency Programs.

    PubMed

    Choe, John H; Knight, Christopher L; Stiling, Rebekah; Corning, Kelli; Lock, Keli; Steinberg, Kenneth P

    2016-07-01

    The Next Accreditation System requires internal medicine training programs to provide the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) with semiannual information about each resident's progress in 22 subcompetency domains. Evaluation of resident "trustworthiness" in performing entrustable professional activities (EPAs) may offer a more tangible assessment construct than evaluations based on expectations of usual progression toward competence. However, translating results from EPA-based evaluations into ACGME milestone progress reports has proven to be challenging because the constructs that underlay these two systems differ.The authors describe a process to bridge the gap between rotation-specific EPA-based evaluations and ACGME milestone reporting. Developed at the University of Washington in 2012 and 2013, this method involves mapping EPA-based evaluation responses to "milestone elements," the narrative descriptions within the columns of each of the 22 internal medicine subcompetencies. As faculty members complete EPA-based evaluations, the mapped milestone elements are automatically marked as "confirmed." Programs can maintain a database that tallies the number of times each milestone element is confirmed for a resident; these data can be used to produce graphical displays of resident progress along the internal medicine milestones.Using this count of milestone elements allows programs to bridge the gap between faculty assessments of residents based on rotation-specific observed activities and semiannual ACGME reports based on the internal medicine milestones. Although potentially useful for all programs, this method is especially beneficial to large programs where clinical competency committee members may not have the opportunity for direct observation of all residents.

  17. DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO ...

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Risk assessment is a crucial component of the site remediation decision-making process. Some current EPA methods do not have detection limits low enough for risk assessment of many VOCs (e.g., EPA Region 3 Risk Based Concentration levels, EPA Region 9 Preliminary Remediation Goals, state-specified concentration levels). The magnitude of this problem was described in a paper recently presented at a University of Massachusetts Remediation Conference with the conclusion that the resolution of this issue is critical for valid human health and ecological risk assessments. Likewise, the difficulty of obtaining complete extraction of water-soluble VOCs and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) makes the generation of reliable and reproducible data a serious concern in site characterization and risk assessment programs.This poster presents findings of the development of an analytical method which uses thermal desorption combined with dual gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to extract and accurately measure low levels of VOCs and SVOCs in soil and sediment samples with medium to high moisture content. Thermal extraction was selected for examination because the technique is simpler and more efficient than the present EPA purge-and-trap methods, and all water-soluble compounds are amenable to the procedure. Efforts were made to modify commonly used instrumentation (e.g., Archon

  18. Long-term supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid salvages cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury in rats fed with fish-oil-deprived diet.

    PubMed

    Nasa, Y; Hayashi, M; Sasaki, H; Hayashi, J; Takeo, S

    1998-06-01

    Dietary supplementation of fish oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3, DHA) has been shown to exert protective effects on ischemic/reperfused hearts. We determined whether deprivation of fish oil from the diet paradoxically enhances susceptibility of cardiomyocytes to hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury and whether supplementation with either EPA or DHA overcomes such alterations. Rats were fed with fish-oil-rich (FOR) diet, fish-oil-deprived (FOD) diet alone, FOD diet with EPA (1 g/kg/day), or FOD diet with DHA (1 g/kg/day) for 4 weeks. The FOD diet reduced n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and increased n-6 PUFAs such as linoleic (C18:2) and arachidonic acids (C20:4) in myocardial phospholipids. EPA or DHA supplementation increased its incorporation into phospholipid pools. Cardiomyocytes isolated by treatment with collagenase were subjected to 150 min of hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation for 15 min. In the FOD diet group, the number of surviving rod-shaped cells after hypoxia and reoxygenation was smaller than that of the FOR group. Supplementation with EPA did not affect the number of rod-shaped cells, but attenuated reoxygenation-induced reduction in the number of square-shaped cells. In contrast, DHA supplementation did not afford any protection. The results suggest that deprivation of fish oil from dietary intake enhances the susceptibility of cardiomyocytes to hypoxic injury, and EPA, but not DHA, is capable of salvaging cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced damage.

  19. 76 FR 5735 - Revisions to EPA's Rule on Protections for Subjects in Human Research Involving Pesticides

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-02

    ... pregnant women and for children who are the subjects of observational research conducted or supported by... whether human testing is necessary given other methods of research. E. Settlement of the Litigation After... Revisions to EPA's Rule on Protections for Subjects in Human Research Involving Pesticides AGENCY...

  20. 78 FR 44948 - Notice of Receipt of Requests for Amendments To Delete Uses in Certain Pesticide Registrations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-25

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-HQ-OPP-2013-0480; FRL-9392-2] Notice of Receipt of Requests for Amendments To Delete Uses in Certain Pesticide Registrations AGENCY: Environmental Protection... following methods: Mail: OPP Docket, Environmental Protection Agency Docket Center (EPA/DC), (28221T), 1200...

  1. Investigation of the Effluents Produced during the Functioning of Black and White Colored Smoke Devices.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-01-31

    and 4% diatomaceous earth (binder). Modified EPA Method 5 Sampling Train F The modified EPA Method 5 sampling train used was similar to the one...the fiber glass filter paper were taken by the Amberlite XAD-2. The XAD-2 is a porous polymer adsorbent used to sample organic vapors in effluents...from different kinds of combustion processes. Although a careful clean-up procedure was taken to wash the adsorbents before using, the polymer may still

  2. South Philadelphia Passive Sampler Method project communication sheet

    EPA Science Inventory

    The Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development (EPA ORD), EPA Region 3, and the City of Philadelphia Air Measurements Services (AMS) are collaborating on research project in South Philadelphia starting in the spring of 2013. This project investigates how...

  3. Report: EPA Needs to Evaluate the Impact of the Revised Agricultural Worker Protection Standard on Pesticide Exposure Incidents

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #18-P-0080, February 15, 2018. Revisions to the standard are intended to reduce exposure to pesticides and provide enhanced protection to agricultural workers, pesticide handlers and their families.

  4. Avoiding pitfalls in the determination of halocarboxylic acids: the photochemistry of methylation.

    PubMed

    Rubio, F J; Urbansky, E T; Magnuson, M L

    2000-06-01

    Haloethanoic (haloacetic) acids are formed during chlorination of drinking water and are regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These compounds are normally quantified by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) as the methyl esters. EPA Method 552 uses diazomethane (CH2N2) for this purpose, but has only been validated by EPA for HAA6: chloro-, dichloro-, bromo-, dibromo-, bromochloro- and trichloroacetic acids. EPA Method 552.2 was developed and validated for all nine analytes (HAA9 = HAA6 + dibromochloro-, bromodichloro- and tribromoethanoic acids). Since the promulgation of Method 552.2, which uses acidic methanol, a debate has ensued over discrepancies observed by various laboratories when using diazomethane instead. In an effort to identify and eliminate potential sources for these discrepancies, a comparative study was undertaken for HAA9. Better accuracy and precision were observed for all HAA9 species by Method 552.2; recoveries were satisfactory in de-ionized and tap water. Method 552 remains satisfactory for HAA6. Systematic differences in instrumental response are observed for the two methods, but these are precise and may be accounted for using similarly treated standards and analyte-fortified (spiked) samples. That notwithstanding, Method 552 (CH2N2) was shown to be unsuitable for dibromochloro-, bromodichloro- and tribromoethanoic acids (HAA9-6). The primary problem appears to be a photoactivated reaction between diazomethane and the HAA9-6 analytes; however, side reactions were found to occur even in the dark. Analyte loss is most pronounced under typical laboratory lighting (white F40 fluorescent lamps + sunlight), but it is also observed under Philips gold F40 lamps (lambda > or = 520 nm), and in the dark.

  5. Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) on Fetal Pulmonary Circulation: An Experimental Study in Fetal Lambs

    PubMed Central

    Sharma, Dyuti; Aubry, Estelle; Ouk, Thavarak; Houeijeh, Ali; Houfflin-Debarge, Véronique; Besson, Rémi; Deruelle, Philippe; Storme, Laurent

    2017-01-01

    Background: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) causes significant morbidity and mortality in neonates. n-3 Poly-unsaturated fatty acids have vasodilatory properties in the perinatal lung. We studied the circulatory effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in fetal sheep and in fetal pulmonary arterial rings. Methods: At 128 days of gestation, catheters were placed surgically in fetal systemic and pulmonary circulation, and a Doppler probe around the left pulmonary artery (LPA). Pulmonary arterial pressure and LPA flow were measured while infusing EPA or DHA for 120 min to the fetus, to compute pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). The dose effects of EPA or DHA were studied in vascular rings pre-constricted with serotonin. Rings treated with EPA were separated into three groups: E+ (intact endothelium), E− (endothelium stripped) and LNA E+ (pretreatment of E+ rings with l-nitro-arginine). Results: EPA, but not DHA, induced a significant and prolonged 25% drop in PVR (n = 8, p < 0.001). Incubation of vascular rings with EPA (100 µM) caused a maximum relaxation of 60% in the E+ (n = 6), whereas vessel tone did not change in the E− (n = 6, p < 0.001). The vascular effects of EPA were significantly decreased in LNA E+ (n = 6). Incubation with DHA resulted in only a mild relaxation at the highest concentration of DHA (300 µM) compared to E+. Conclusions: EPA induces a sustained pulmonary vasodilatation in fetal lambs. This effect is endothelium- and dose-dependent and involves nitric oxide (NO) production. We speculate that EPA supplementation may improve pulmonary circulation in clinical conditions with PPHN. PMID:28714905

  6. Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) on Fetal Pulmonary Circulation: An Experimental Study in Fetal Lambs.

    PubMed

    Sharma, Dyuti; Aubry, Estelle; Ouk, Thavarak; Houeijeh, Ali; Houfflin-Debarge, Véronique; Besson, Rémi; Deruelle, Philippe; Storme, Laurent

    2017-07-16

    Background: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) causes significant morbidity and mortality in neonates. n -3 Poly-unsaturated fatty acids have vasodilatory properties in the perinatal lung. We studied the circulatory effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in fetal sheep and in fetal pulmonary arterial rings. Methods: At 128 days of gestation, catheters were placed surgically in fetal systemic and pulmonary circulation, and a Doppler probe around the left pulmonary artery (LPA). Pulmonary arterial pressure and LPA flow were measured while infusing EPA or DHA for 120 min to the fetus, to compute pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). The dose effects of EPA or DHA were studied in vascular rings pre-constricted with serotonin. Rings treated with EPA were separated into three groups: E+ (intact endothelium), E- (endothelium stripped) and LNA E+ (pretreatment of E+ rings with l-nitro-arginine). Results: EPA, but not DHA, induced a significant and prolonged 25% drop in PVR ( n = 8, p < 0.001). Incubation of vascular rings with EPA (100 µM) caused a maximum relaxation of 60% in the E+ ( n = 6), whereas vessel tone did not change in the E- ( n = 6, p < 0.001). The vascular effects of EPA were significantly decreased in LNA E+ ( n = 6). Incubation with DHA resulted in only a mild relaxation at the highest concentration of DHA (300 µM) compared to E+. Conclusions: EPA induces a sustained pulmonary vasodilatation in fetal lambs. This effect is endothelium- and dose-dependent and involves nitric oxide (NO) production. We speculate that EPA supplementation may improve pulmonary circulation in clinical conditions with PPHN.

  7. Report: Nationwide Identification of Hardrock Mining Sites

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #2004-P-00005, March 31, 2004. We identified 156 hardrock mining sites nationwide that have the potential to cost between $7 billion and $24 billion total to clean up (at a maximum total cost to EPA of approximately $15 billion).

  8. Assumable Waters Subcommittee March 15-17, 2016, Meeting Summary

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The purpose of the meeting was to provide advice and recommendations on how the EPA can best clarify which waters a State or Tribe assumes permitting responsibility for under an approved Clean Water Act section 404 program.

  9. Notification: Efficiency of the Chemical Safety Board (CSB) Investigation Process

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    October 17, 2012. The EPA OIG plans to begin fieldwork with a modified objective from our May 15, 2012, preliminary research objective on the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board’s (CSB’s) investigation process.

  10. Registration Review Schedules

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This schedule indicates plans for completion of risk assessments, proposed interim decisions and interim decisions for pesticides in the Registration Review program, EPA reviews all registered pesticides at least every 15 years as required by FIFRA.

  11. Environmental Contaminants, Metabolites, Cells, Organ Tissues, and Water: All in a Day’s Work at the EPA Analytical Chemistry Research Core

    EPA Science Inventory

    The talk will highlight key aspects and results of analytical methods the EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL) Analytical Chemistry Research Core (ACRC) develops and uses to provide data on disposition, metabolism, and effects of environmenta...

  12. 40 CFR 278.3 - Criteria for use of chat in Federally funded transportation projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... funded transportation projects. 278.3 Section 278.3 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Leaching Procedure (SPLP) tests are conducted on the proposed material using EPA SW-846 Method 1312...) EPA (or a State environmental Agency, if it chooses to do so) has determined, based on a site-specific...

  13. VALIDATION OF EPA METHOD 1682: SALMONELLA IN BIOSOLIDS BY MODIFIED, SEMISOLID RAPPAPORT-VASSILIADIS (MSRV) MEDIUM

    EPA Science Inventory

    Treated biosolids may be applied to land as a crop nutrient and soil conditioner. However, land application of biosolids may pose the risk of releasing pathogens into the environment if disinfection and use criteria established by EPA at 40 CFR part 503 are not met. Among these c...

  14. AMBIENT LEVEL VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND (VOC) MONITORING USING SOLID ADSORBANTS - RECENT U.S. EPA STUDIES

    EPA Science Inventory

    Ambient air spiked with 1-10 ppbv concentrations of 41 toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) listed in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Compendium Method TO-14A was monitored using solid sorbents for sample collection and a Varian Saturn 2000 ion trap mass spectrome...

  15. ORD'S RESEARCH ON PATHOGENS IN BIOSOLIDS

    EPA Science Inventory

    In 2002 the National Academy of Sciences issued a report on EPA's regulations governing the preparation of class A and B biosolids. They stated that the science supporting the rule was outdated and recommended that EPA develop new standardized methods for measuring pathogens in ...

  16. 40 CFR 35.290 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... construction types); (ii) Development of public information and education materials concerning radon assessment... accordance with § 35.298(d); (viii) Development of a data storage and management system for information... methods and technologies as approved by EPA, including State participation in the EPA Home Evaluation...

  17. 40 CFR 35.290 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... construction types); (ii) Development of public information and education materials concerning radon assessment... accordance with § 35.298(d); (viii) Development of a data storage and management system for information... methods and technologies as approved by EPA, including State participation in the EPA Home Evaluation...

  18. 40 CFR 35.290 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... construction types); (ii) Development of public information and education materials concerning radon assessment... accordance with § 35.298(d); (viii) Development of a data storage and management system for information... methods and technologies as approved by EPA, including State participation in the EPA Home Evaluation...

  19. 76 FR 21345 - Science Advisory Board Staff Office; Notification of Two Public Teleconferences of the Clean Air...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-15

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9296-2] Science Advisory Board Staff Office; Notification of... Methods Subcommittee AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or Agency) Science [[Page 21346

  20. Development of EPA Method 525.3 for the Analysis of Semivolatiles in Drinking Water

    EPA Science Inventory

    The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW) collects nationwide occurrence data on contaminants in drinking water using the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulations (UCMRs). The unregulated contaminants, which ar...

  1. 40 CFR 141.131 - Analytical requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Disinfectant Residuals, Disinfection Byproducts, and... Constitution Avenue, NW., EPA West, Room B102, Washington, DC 20460, or at the National Archives and Records...: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. EPA Method 552...

  2. 76 FR 33274 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-08

    ... Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request; NESHAP for Area Sources: Electric Arc... preferred method), or by e-mail to [email protected] , or by mail to: EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC..., 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460, and (2) OMB at: Office of Information and...

  3. Assessment of Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk Lead in Bottled Water in Different Age Groups in Bandar Abbas Ciry, Iran

    PubMed Central

    Fakhri, Yadolah; Mohseni, Seyed Mohsen; Jafarzadeh, Saeedeh; Langarizadeh, Ghazaleh; Moradi, Bigard; Zandsalimi, Yahya; Rahimizadeh, Aziz; Mirzaei, Maryam

    2015-01-01

    The presence of heavy metals such as lead in drinking water resources can be dangerous for human because of toxicity and biological accumulation. The consumption of water or food which contains lead in high concentration can lead to prevent from Hemoglobin Synthesis (Anemia) and Kidney diseases. In this present study, the researcher collected 432 samples of bottled water in the popular marks in summer and winter from the surface of Bandar Abbas. The lead concentration was measured by atomic absorption Spectrophotometer in model DR2800 through the Dithizone method. CDI, R and HQ which are caused by lead for adult men, women and children, have been calculated and evaluated through the equations of EPA and WHO. The mean concentration of lead, which is 3.46±0.47 µg/l, and its range, which is 1.9-17.6 µg/l, are lower than the guideline of WHO (10 µg/l) and MPC of EPA is (15 µg/l). But the 40 samples of the bottled water (9.2%) have the concentration higher than guideline WHO and 8 samples (1.85%) has the concentration higher than the permissible limits of the EPA. CDI in different age groups is as following manner: Children>adult men>adult women. CDI in children is more than twice as much as in the adult men and women. The R of lead for children (24E-7), adult men (11E-7) and for adult women (10E-7) are more than the acceptable level of R in EPA (1E-6) but less than the acceptable level of R in WHO (1E-4). Since HQ of adult men (34E-5), adult women (31E-5) and children (84E-5), is lower than 1, it can be said that the population of Bandar Abbas is in a safe area regarding the HQ of the bottled water’s lead. PMID:25946951

  4. 76 FR 14636 - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Primary Lead Smelting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-17

    ... 15 days to April 19, 2011. The EPA received a request for this extension from the Doe Run Company, the sole covered facility. Doe Run Company requested the extension in order to analyze data and review...

  5. Closure report for Corrective Action Unit 211, Area 15 EPA Farm waste sites, Nevada Test Site, Nevada

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    1998-04-01

    This Closure Report summarizes the corrective actions which were completed at the Corrective Action Sites within Corrective Action Unit 211 Area 15 Farm Waste Sties at the Nevada Test Site. Current site descriptions, observations and identification of wastes removed are included on FFACO Corrective Action Site housekeeping closure verification forms.

  6. 76 FR 38149 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-29

    ... programs) (444220 Retail Nursery, Lawn, and Garden Supply stores, 424910 Agricultural chemicals merchant...- 2010-0723, to (1) EPA online using http://www.regulations.gov (our preferred method), or by mail to... this ICR under Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0723, which is available for online viewing at http//: www...

  7. Decision Support for Environmental Management of Industrial ...

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Non-hazardous solid materials from industrial processes, once regarded as waste and disposed in landfills, offer numerous environmental and economic advantages when put to beneficial uses (BUs). Proper management of these industrial non-hazardous secondary materials (INSM) requires estimates of their probable environmental impacts among disposal as well as BU options. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently approved new analytical methods (EPA Methods 1313–1316) to assess leachability of constituents of potential concern in these materials. These new methods are more realistic for many disposal and BU options than historical methods, such as the toxicity characteristic leaching protocol. Experimental data from these new methods are used to parameterize a chemical fate and transport (F&T) model to simulate long-term environmental releases from flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) when disposed of in an industrial landfill or beneficially used as an agricultural soil amendment. The F&T model is also coupled with optimization algorithms, the Beneficial Use Decision Support System (BUDSS), under development by EPA to enhance INSM management. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the methodologies and encourage similar applications to improve environmental management and BUs of INSM through F&T simulation coupled with optimization, using realistic model parameterization.

  8. Updates to Selected Analytical Methods for Environmental Remediation and Recovery (SAM)

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    View information on the latest updates to methods included in EPA's Selected Analytical Methods for Environmental Remediation and Recovery (SAM), including the newest recommended methods and publications.

  9. 40 CFR 270.15 - Specific part B information requirements for containers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) EPA ADMINISTERED PERMIT PROGRAMS: THE HAZARDOUS WASTE PERMIT PROGRAM... ignitable or reactive wastes) and § 264.177(c) (location of incompatible wastes), where applicable. (d...

  10. Camp Minden Fact Sheet November 2014

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    On October 28, 2014, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) signed a Settlement Agreement for the destruction of more than 15 million pounds of military propellants at the Explo Systems, Inc., Camp Minden, Louisiana site.

  11. Soil Column Evaluation of Factors Controlling Biodegradation of DNT in the Vadose Zone

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2003-01-01

    Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 3382-3391 3382 9 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / VOL. 37, NO. 15, 2003 10.1021/es021066s CCC: $25.00  2003 American...American Society of Agronomy: Madison, WI, 1986; pp 363-375. c EPA 600/2-78-054. VOL. 37, NO. 15, 2003 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 9 3383...initial concentration of 2,4-DNT was 5 mM 3384 9 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / VOL. 37, NO. 15, 2003 To ensure accurate quantification of

  12. A SMALL FISH MULTI-ENDPOINT BIOASSAY FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF WATER CONTAMINANTS PRESENT IN LOW CONCENTRATIONS: MEDAKA AND DICHLOROACETIC ACID

    EPA Science Inventory

    In regulating the safety of water under SDWA and the CWA, the EPA makes decisions on what chemical contaminants to regulate and at what levels. To make these decisions the EPA needs hazard identification and dose-response information. Current methods that rely on rodent models fo...

  13. 77 FR 42723 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-20

    ... Environmental Research Involving Human Subjects; EPA ICR No. 2195.04, OMB Control No. 2070-0169. This is a...-OPP- 2011-0704, to (1) EPA online using http://www.regulations.gov (our preferred method), or by mail..., Confidential Business Information (CBI), or other information whose public disclosure is restricted by statute...

  14. 75 FR 1770 - An Approach to Using Toxicogenomic Data in U.S. EPA Human Health Risk Assessments: A Dibutyl...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-13

    ... qualitative aspects of the risk assessment because of the type of genomic data available for DBP. It is... Assessment (NCEA) within EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD). Toxicogenomics is the application of... exploratory methods for analyzing genomic data for application to risk assessment and some preliminary results...

  15. Report: EPA Needs to Improve Outreach and Communication About the National Pesticide Information Center’s Role and Services

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Report #15-P-0046, January 7, 2015. Improved communication to state agencies regarding NPIC's role and services will improve NPIC's value and ability to provide reliable information to the public and states.

  16. EPA PROGRAMS AND THE REGULATION OF CARCINOGENS: METHODS AND PHILOSOPHIES

    EPA Science Inventory

    This report is part of the National Network for Environmental Studies Program conducted under the auspices of the Office of Cooperative Environmental Management, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This is a group paper which discusses the manner in which the EPA identifies, as...

  17. 40 CFR 141.25 - Analytical methods for radioactivity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Monitoring and Analytical Requirements... obtaining these documents can be obtained from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 800-426-4791. Documents may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, EPA West, 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW., Room 3334...

  18. 40 CFR 141.25 - Analytical methods for radioactivity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Monitoring and Analytical Requirements... obtaining these documents can be obtained from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 800-426-4791. Documents may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, EPA West, 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW., Room 3334...

  19. 40 CFR 141.25 - Analytical methods for radioactivity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Monitoring and Analytical Requirements... obtaining these documents can be obtained from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 800-426-4791. Documents may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, EPA West, 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW., Room 3334...

  20. 40 CFR 141.25 - Analytical methods for radioactivity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Monitoring and Analytical Requirements... obtaining these documents can be obtained from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 800-426-4791. Documents may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, EPA West, 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW., Room 3334...

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