40 CFR 60.211 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...: Superphosphoric Acid Plants § 60.211 Definitions. As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the Act and in subpart A of this part. (a) Superphosphoric acid plant means... fluoride compounds as measured by reference methods specified in § 60.214, or equivalent or alternative...

40 CFR 60.211 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...: Superphosphoric Acid Plants § 60.211 Definitions. As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the Act and in subpart A of this part. (a) Superphosphoric acid plant means... fluoride compounds as measured by reference methods specified in § 60.214, or equivalent or alternative...

40 CFR 600.002-93 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) The average number of miles traveled by an automobile or group of automobiles per volume of fuel consumed as computed in § 600.113 or § 600.207; or (ii) The equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy for an... vehicles, the term means the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value as determined by the calculation...

46 CFR 32.57-5 - Definitions-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... decks, means divisions that are composed of steel or an equivalent metal, suitably stiffened, and made intact with the main structure of the vessel, including the shell, structural bulkheads, or decks. They... relative to the passage of flame. (e) Steel. Where the term “steel or other equivalent metal” is used in...

46 CFR 32.57-5 - Definitions-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... decks, means divisions that are composed of steel or an equivalent metal, suitably stiffened, and made intact with the main structure of the vessel, including the shell, structural bulkheads, or decks. They... relative to the passage of flame. (e) Steel. Where the term “steel or other equivalent metal” is used in...

46 CFR 32.57-5 - Definitions-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... decks, means divisions that are composed of steel or an equivalent metal, suitably stiffened, and made intact with the main structure of the vessel, including the shell, structural bulkheads, or decks. They... relative to the passage of flame. (e) Steel. Where the term “steel or other equivalent metal” is used in...

46 CFR 32.57-5 - Definitions-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... decks, means divisions that are composed of steel or an equivalent metal, suitably stiffened, and made intact with the main structure of the vessel, including the shell, structural bulkheads, or decks. They... relative to the passage of flame. (e) Steel. Where the term “steel or other equivalent metal” is used in...

46 CFR 32.57-5 - Definitions-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... decks, means divisions that are composed of steel or an equivalent metal, suitably stiffened, and made intact with the main structure of the vessel, including the shell, structural bulkheads, or decks. They... relative to the passage of flame. (e) Steel. Where the term “steel or other equivalent metal” is used in...

Sense-and-Avoid Equivalent Level of Safety Definition for Unmanned Aircraft Systems. Revision 9

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

Since unmanned aircraft do not have a pilot on-board the aircraft, they cannot literally comply with the "see and avoid" requirement beyond a short distance from the location of the unmanned pilot. No performance standards are presently defined for unmanned Sense and Avoid systems, and the FAA has no published approval criteria for a collision avoidance system. Before the FAA can develop the necessary guidance (rules / regulations / policy) regarding the see-and-avoid requirements for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), a concise understanding of the term "equivalent level of safety" must be attained. Since this term is open to interpretation, the UAS industry and FAA need to come to an agreement on how this term can be defined and applied for a safe and acceptable collision avoidance capability for unmanned aircraft. Defining an equivalent level of safety (ELOS) for sense and avoid is one of the first steps in understanding the requirement and developing a collision avoidance capability. This document provides a functional level definition of see-and-avoid as it applies to unmanned aircraft. The sense and avoid ELOS definition is intended as a bridge between the see and avoid requirement and the system level requirements for unmanned aircraft sense and avoid systems. Sense and avoid ELOS is defined in a rather abstract way, meaning that it is not technology or system specific, and the definition provides key parameters (and a context for those parameters) to focus the development of cooperative and non-cooperative sense and avoid system requirements.

43 CFR 3400.0-5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... investments that have been made on the basis of a long-term coal contract in power plants, railroads, coal... authority to perform the duty described in the section in which the term is used. (c) Bonus means that value...)(18) of this title. (n) Fair market value means that amount in cash, or on terms reasonably equivalent...

43 CFR 3400.0-5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... investments that have been made on the basis of a long-term coal contract in power plants, railroads, coal... authority to perform the duty described in the section in which the term is used. (c) Bonus means that value...)(18) of this title. (n) Fair market value means that amount in cash, or on terms reasonably equivalent...

40 CFR 419.11 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) The term runoff shall mean the flow of storm water resulting from precipitation coming into contact... come into direct contact with any raw material, intermediate, or finished product. (f) The following... barrel is equivalent to 42 gallons). (g) The term contaminated runoff shall mean runoff which comes into...

17 CFR 240.16a-1 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (15 U.S.C. 80a-30; (x) A non-U.S. institution that is the functional equivalent of any of the... applicable to the equivalent U.S. institution and the non-U.S. institution is eligible to file a Schedule 13G... such institutions or persons without the purpose or effect of changing or influencing control of the...

17 CFR 240.16a-1 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... (15 U.S.C. 80a-30; (x) A non-U.S. institution that is the functional equivalent of any of the... applicable to the equivalent U.S. institution and the non-U.S. institution is eligible to file a Schedule 13G... such institutions or persons without the purpose or effect of changing or influencing control of the...

17 CFR 240.16a-1 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (15 U.S.C. 80a-30; (x) A non-U.S. institution that is the functional equivalent of any of the... applicable to the equivalent U.S. institution and the non-U.S. institution is eligible to file a Schedule 13G... such institutions or persons without the purpose or effect of changing or influencing control of the...

40 CFR 419.11 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... methods of analysis set forth in part 401 of this chapter shall apply to this subpart. (b) The term runoff shall mean the flow of storm water resulting from precipitation coming into contact with petroleum... equivalent to 42 gallons). (g) The term contaminated runoff shall mean runoff which comes into contact with...

49 CFR 228.101 - Distance requirement; definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... CFR 172.504). (5) The term L eq (8) shall mean the equivalent steady state sound level which in 8 hours would contain the same acoustic energy as the time-varying sound level during the same time period. ...

On equivalent characterizations of convexity of functions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gkioulekas, Eleftherios

2013-04-01

A detailed development of the theory of convex functions, not often found in complete form in most textbooks, is given. We adopt the strict secant line definition as the definitive definition of convexity. We then show that for differentiable functions, this definition becomes logically equivalent with the first derivative monotonicity definition and the tangent line definition. Consequently, for differentiable functions, all three characterizations are logically equivalent.

Mapping of the WHO-ART terminology on Snomed CT to improve grouping of related adverse drug reactions.

PubMed

Alecu, Iulian; Bousquet, Cedric; Mougin, Fleur; Jaulent, Marie-Christine

2006-01-01

The WHO-ART and MedDRA terminologies used for coding adverse drug reactions (ADR) do not provide formal definitions of terms. In order to improve groupings, we propose to map ADR terms to equivalent Snomed CT concepts through UMLS Metathesaurus. We performed such mappings on WHO-ART terms and can automatically classify them using a description logic definition expressing their synonymies. Our gold standard was a set of 13 MedDRA special search categories restricted to ADR terms available in WHO-ART. The overlapping of the groupings within the new structure of WHO-ART on the manually built MedDRA search categories showed a 71% success rate. We plan to improve our method in order to retrieve associative relations between WHO-ART terms.

Standardization of terminology in field of ionizing radiations and their measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yudin, M. F.; Karaveyev, F. M.

1984-03-01

A new standard terminology was introduced on 1 January 1982 by the Scientific-Technical Commission on All-Union State Standards to cover ionizing radiations and their measurements. It is based on earlier standards such as GOST 15484-74/81, 18445-70/73, 19849-74, 22490-77 as well as the latest recommendations by international committees. One hundred eighty-six terms and definitions in 14 paragraphs are contained. Fundamental concepts, sources and forms of ionizing radiations, characteristics and parameters of ionizing radiations, and methods of measuring their characteristics and parameters are covered. New terms have been added to existing ones. The equivalent English, French, and German terms are also given. The terms measurement of ionizing radiation and transfer of ionizing particles (equivalent of particle fluence of energy fluence) are still under discussion.

5 CFR 536.103 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... job grading structures. Employed on a temporary or term basis means employment under an appointment... for the exclusion in section 2105(e); and (2) An individual employed by a Department of Defense or... (Standard Form 50 or equivalent) and current position description. A position to which an employee is...

5 CFR 536.103 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... job grading structures. Employed on a temporary or term basis means employment under an appointment... for the exclusion in section 2105(e); and (2) An individual employed by a Department of Defense or... (Standard Form 50 or equivalent) and current position description. A position to which an employee is...

5 CFR 536.103 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... job grading structures. Employed on a temporary or term basis means employment under an appointment... for the exclusion in section 2105(e); and (2) An individual employed by a Department of Defense or... (Standard Form 50 or equivalent) and current position description. A position to which an employee is...

5 CFR 536.103 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... job grading structures. Employed on a temporary or term basis means employment under an appointment... for the exclusion in section 2105(e); and (2) An individual employed by a Department of Defense or... (Standard Form 50 or equivalent) and current position description. A position to which an employee is...

40 CFR 422.41 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... contaminated nonprocess waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated non-process waste water shall..., eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all reasonable..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

40 CFR 422.51 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... contaminated non-process waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated nonprocess waste water shall..., eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all reasonable..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

40 CFR 422.41 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... contaminated nonprocess waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated non-process waste water shall..., eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all reasonable..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

40 CFR 422.51 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... include contaminated non-process waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated nonprocess waste..., reduce, eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

40 CFR 422.51 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... contaminated non-process waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated nonprocess waste water shall..., eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all reasonable..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

40 CFR 422.41 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... contaminated nonprocess waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated non-process waste water shall..., eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all reasonable..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

40 CFR 422.51 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... contaminated non-process waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated nonprocess waste water shall..., eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all reasonable..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

40 CFR 422.41 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... contaminated nonprocess waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated non-process waste water shall..., eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all reasonable..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

40 CFR 422.51 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... contaminated non-process waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated nonprocess waste water shall..., eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all reasonable..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

40 CFR 422.41 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... include contaminated nonprocess waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated non-process waste..., reduce, eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

18 CFR 2.55 - Definition of terms used in section 7(c).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... transmission facilities, then no notification is required; (ii) On, or at the same time as, certificated... at the same time as facilities that are proposed, then the auxiliary facilities must be described in... through the facilities; (ii) The replacement facilities will have a substantially equivalent designed...

18 CFR 2.55 - Definition of terms used in section 7(c).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... transmission facilities, then no notification is required; (ii) On, or at the same time as, certificated... at the same time as facilities that are proposed, then the auxiliary facilities must be described in... through the facilities; (ii) The replacement facilities will have a substantially equivalent designed...

18 CFR 2.55 - Definition of terms used in section 7(c).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... transmission facilities, then no notification is required; (ii) On, or at the same time as, certificated... at the same time as facilities that are proposed, then the auxiliary facilities must be described in... through the facilities; (ii) The replacement facilities will have a substantially equivalent designed...

13 CFR 108.50 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., management, contract, or otherwise, are under the Control of one group or Person. Two or more NMVC companies... that the non-rated debt instrument is equivalent in risk to the issuer's investment grade debt... NMVC Company; (ii) A Control Person, employee or agent of a Partnership NMVC Company; (iii) A managing...

13 CFR 108.50 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., management, contract, or otherwise, are under the Control of one group or Person. Two or more NMVC companies... that the non-rated debt instrument is equivalent in risk to the issuer's investment grade debt... NMVC Company; (ii) A Control Person, employee or agent of a Partnership NMVC Company; (iii) A managing...

7 CFR 4290.50 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... ownership, management, contract, or otherwise, are under the Control of one group or Person. Two or more... stating that the non-rated debt instrument is equivalent in risk to the issuer's investment grade debt..., director, employee or agent of a Corporate RBIC; (ii) A Control Person, employee or agent of a Partnership...

13 CFR 108.50 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., management, contract, or otherwise, are under the Control of one group or Person. Two or more NMVC companies... that the non-rated debt instrument is equivalent in risk to the issuer's investment grade debt... NMVC Company; (ii) A Control Person, employee or agent of a Partnership NMVC Company; (iii) A managing...

13 CFR 108.50 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., management, contract, or otherwise, are under the Control of one group or Person. Two or more NMVC companies... that the non-rated debt instrument is equivalent in risk to the issuer's investment grade debt... NMVC Company; (ii) A Control Person, employee or agent of a Partnership NMVC Company; (iii) A managing...

40 CFR 419.11 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... shall mean the flow of storm water resulting from precipitation coming into contact with petroleum... those waters discharged that are used for the purpose of heat removal and that do not come into direct... equivalent to 42 gallons). (g) The term contaminated runoff shall mean runoff which comes into contact with...

40 CFR 419.11 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... shall mean the flow of storm water resulting from precipitation coming into contact with petroleum... those waters discharged that are used for the purpose of heat removal and that do not come into direct... equivalent to 42 gallons). (g) The term contaminated runoff shall mean runoff which comes into contact with...

40 CFR 419.11 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... shall mean the flow of storm water resulting from precipitation coming into contact with petroleum... those waters discharged that are used for the purpose of heat removal and that do not come into direct... equivalent to 42 gallons). (g) The term contaminated runoff shall mean runoff which comes into contact with...

Kids Cook! Fabulous Food for the Whole Family.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williamson, Sarah; Williamson, Zachary

This step-by-step guide for children provides a collection of over 150 recipes for breakfasts, lunches, salads, dinners, snacks, and desserts, with an emphasis on safety and creativity. The first chapter gives information concerning kitchen safety, utensils, term definitions, measuring equivalents, cleanup tips and other useful instructions. The…

13 CFR 107.50 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... otherwise, are under the Control of one group or Person. Two or more Licensees are presumed to be under... banking firm acceptable to SBA stating that the non-rated debt instrument is equivalent in risk to the..., employee or agent of a Corporate Licensee; (ii) A Control Person, employee or agent of a Partnership...

Apoptosis: a guide for the perplexed.

PubMed

Sloviter, Robert S

2002-01-01

The term 'apoptosis' describes an active process of cellular deconstruction originally contrasted morphologically with necrosis. The mistaken equivalence of the terms apoptosis and 'programmed cell death' has caused confusion and implied that apoptosis is an identifiable therapeutic target rather than a name of a type of cell death. The roots of confusion are suggested to lie not in superficial disagreements about the morphology and biochemistry of cell death, but in the lamentable disconnection of modern science from its philosophical foundations (i.e. Socratic definition, nominalism versus realism, and William of Ockham's advocacy of Aristotelian metaphysics over Plato's Theory of Forms). Renewed awareness of these issues might be the key to understanding that apoptosis is a created concept, not a real entity, and that the use of terms that defy definition has become an obstacle to clear thinking about preventable cell death.

Ince-Gaussian series representation of the two-dimensional fractional Fourier transform.

PubMed

Bandres, Miguel A; Gutiérrez-Vega, Julio C

2005-03-01

We introduce the Ince-Gaussian series representation of the two-dimensional fractional Fourier transform in elliptical coordinates. A physical interpretation is provided in terms of field propagation in quadratic graded-index media whose eigenmodes in elliptical coordinates are derived for the first time to our knowledge. The kernel of the new series representation is expressed in terms of Ince-Gaussian functions. The equivalence among the Hermite-Gaussian, Laguerre-Gaussian, and Ince-Gaussian series representations is verified by establishing the relation among the three definitions.

A Novel Electrocardiographic Sign of an ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction-Equivalent: De Winter Syndrome.

PubMed

Goktas, Mustafa Ugur; Sogut, Ozgur; Yigit, Mehmet; Kaplan, Onur

2017-08-01

Patients with de Winter syndrome, also termed anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)-equivalent, represent 2% of all patients with acute anterior myocardial infarctions admitted to emergency departments (EDs). STEMI-equivalents do not present with classical electrocardiogram (ECG) changes but exhibit a critical stenosis of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. This is under-recognized by clinicians and is therefore associated with high morbidity and mortality. Here, we report a rare case of a novel, typical, STEMI-equivalent ECG pattern without obvious ST-segment elevation in a 34-year-old female who presented to our ED with substantial chest pain and a large, acute, transmural anterior myocardial infarction caused by acute occlusion of the LAD coronary artery. However, she presented as a non-STEMI case. A definite diagnosis of de Winter syndrome was made on the basis of clinical and ECG findings.

Cosmological models with homogeneous and isotropic spatial sections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Katanaev, M. O.

2017-05-01

The assumption that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic is the basis for the majority of modern cosmological models. We give an example of a metric all of whose spatial sections are spaces of constant curvature but the space-time is nevertheless not homogeneous and isotropic as a whole. We give an equivalent definition of a homogeneous and isotropic universe in terms of embedded manifolds.

Equivalent Theories and Changing Hamiltonian Observables in General Relativity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pitts, J. Brian

2018-03-01

Change and local spatial variation are missing in Hamiltonian general relativity according to the most common definition of observables as having 0 Poisson bracket with all first-class constraints. But other definitions of observables have been proposed. In pursuit of Hamiltonian-Lagrangian equivalence, Pons, Salisbury and Sundermeyer use the Anderson-Bergmann-Castellani gauge generator G, a tuned sum of first-class constraints. Kuchař waived the 0 Poisson bracket condition for the Hamiltonian constraint to achieve changing observables. A systematic combination of the two reforms might use the gauge generator but permit non-zero Lie derivative Poisson brackets for the external gauge symmetry of General Relativity. Fortunately one can test definitions of observables by calculation using two formulations of a theory, one without gauge freedom and one with gauge freedom. The formulations, being empirically equivalent, must have equivalent observables. For de Broglie-Proca non-gauge massive electromagnetism, all constraints are second-class, so everything is observable. Demanding equivalent observables from gauge Stueckelberg-Utiyama electromagnetism, one finds that the usual definition fails while the Pons-Salisbury-Sundermeyer definition with G succeeds. This definition does not readily yield change in GR, however. Should GR's external gauge freedom of general relativity share with internal gauge symmetries the 0 Poisson bracket (invariance), or is covariance (a transformation rule) sufficient? A graviton mass breaks the gauge symmetry (general covariance), but it can be restored by parametrization with clock fields. By requiring equivalent observables, one can test whether observables should have 0 or the Lie derivative as the Poisson bracket with the gauge generator G. The latter definition is vindicated by calculation. While this conclusion has been reported previously, here the calculation is given in some detail.

Equivalent Theories and Changing Hamiltonian Observables in General Relativity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pitts, J. Brian

2018-05-01

Change and local spatial variation are missing in Hamiltonian general relativity according to the most common definition of observables as having 0 Poisson bracket with all first-class constraints. But other definitions of observables have been proposed. In pursuit of Hamiltonian-Lagrangian equivalence, Pons, Salisbury and Sundermeyer use the Anderson-Bergmann-Castellani gauge generator G, a tuned sum of first-class constraints. Kuchař waived the 0 Poisson bracket condition for the Hamiltonian constraint to achieve changing observables. A systematic combination of the two reforms might use the gauge generator but permit non-zero Lie derivative Poisson brackets for the external gauge symmetry of General Relativity. Fortunately one can test definitions of observables by calculation using two formulations of a theory, one without gauge freedom and one with gauge freedom. The formulations, being empirically equivalent, must have equivalent observables. For de Broglie-Proca non-gauge massive electromagnetism, all constraints are second-class, so everything is observable. Demanding equivalent observables from gauge Stueckelberg-Utiyama electromagnetism, one finds that the usual definition fails while the Pons-Salisbury-Sundermeyer definition with G succeeds. This definition does not readily yield change in GR, however. Should GR's external gauge freedom of general relativity share with internal gauge symmetries the 0 Poisson bracket (invariance), or is covariance (a transformation rule) sufficient? A graviton mass breaks the gauge symmetry (general covariance), but it can be restored by parametrization with clock fields. By requiring equivalent observables, one can test whether observables should have 0 or the Lie derivative as the Poisson bracket with the gauge generator G. The latter definition is vindicated by calculation. While this conclusion has been reported previously, here the calculation is given in some detail.

Spatial distribution of angular momentum inside the nucleon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lorcé, Cédric; Mantovani, Luca; Pasquini, Barbara

2018-01-01

We discuss in detail the spatial distribution of angular momentum inside the nucleon. We show that the discrepancies between different definitions originate from terms that integrate to zero. Even though these terms can safely be dropped at the integrated level, they have to be taken into account when discussing distributions. Using the scalar diquark model, we illustrate our results and, for the first time, check explicitly that the equivalence between kinetic and canonical orbital angular momentum persists at the level of distributions, as expected in a system without gauge degrees of freedom.

Equivalent theories redefine Hamiltonian observables to exhibit change in general relativity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pitts, J. Brian

2017-03-01

Change and local spatial variation are missing in canonical General Relativity’s observables as usually defined, an aspect of the problem of time. Definitions can be tested using equivalent formulations of a theory, non-gauge and gauge, because they must have equivalent observables and everything is observable in the non-gauge formulation. Taking an observable from the non-gauge formulation and finding the equivalent in the gauge formulation, one requires that the equivalent be an observable, thus constraining definitions. For massive photons, the de Broglie-Proca non-gauge formulation observable {{A}μ} is equivalent to the Stueckelberg-Utiyama gauge formulation quantity {{A}μ}+{{\\partial}μ}φ, which must therefore be an observable. To achieve that result, observables must have 0 Poisson bracket not with each first-class constraint, but with the Rosenfeld-Anderson-Bergmann-Castellani gauge generator G, a tuned sum of first-class constraints, in accord with the Pons-Salisbury-Sundermeyer definition of observables. The definition for external gauge symmetries can be tested using massive gravity, where one can install gauge freedom by parametrization with clock fields X A . The non-gauge observable {{g}μ ν} has the gauge equivalent {{X}A}{{,}μ}{{g}μ ν}{{X}B}{{,}ν}. The Poisson bracket of {{X}A}{{,}μ}{{g}μ ν}{{X}B}{{,}ν} with G turns out to be not 0 but a Lie derivative. This non-zero Poisson bracket refines and systematizes Kuchař’s proposal to relax the 0 Poisson bracket condition with the Hamiltonian constraint. Thus observables need covariance, not invariance, in relation to external gauge symmetries. The Lagrangian and Hamiltonian for massive gravity are those of General Relativity  +   Λ   +  4 scalars, so the same definition of observables applies to General Relativity. Local fields such as {{g}μ ν} are observables. Thus observables change. Requiring equivalent observables for equivalent theories also recovers Hamiltonian-Lagrangian equivalence.

Can the Cancer-related Fatigue Case-definition Criteria Be Applied to Chronic Medical Illness? A Comparison between Breast Cancer and Systemic Sclerosis.

PubMed

Kwakkenbos, Linda; Minton, Ollie; Stone, Patrick C; Alexander, Susanna; Baron, Murray; Hudson, Marie; Thombs, Brett D

2015-07-01

Fatigue is a crucial determinant of quality of life across rheumatic diseases, but the lack of agreed-upon standards for identifying clinically significant fatigue hinders research and clinical management. Case definition criteria for cancer-related fatigue were proposed for inclusion in the International Classification of Diseases. The objective was to evaluate whether the cancer-related fatigue case definition performed equivalently in women with breast cancer and systemic sclerosis (SSc) and could be used to identify patients with chronic illness-related fatigue. The cancer-related fatigue interview (case definition criteria met if ≥ 5 of 9 fatigue-related symptoms present with functional impairment) was completed by 291 women with SSc and 278 women successfully treated for breast cancer. Differential item functioning was assessed with the multiple indicator multiple cause model. Items 3 (concentration) and 10 (short-term memory) were endorsed significantly less often by women with SSc compared with cancer, controlling for responses on other items. Omitting these 2 items from the case definition and requiring 4 out of the 7 remaining symptoms resulted in a similar overall prevalence of cancer-related fatigue in the cancer sample compared with the original criteria (37.4% vs 37.8%, respectively), with 97.5% of patients diagnosed identically with both definitions. Prevalence of chronic illness-related fatigue was 36.1% in SSc using 4 of 7 symptoms. The cancer-related fatigue criteria can be used equivalently to identify patients with chronic illness-related fatigue when 2 cognitive fatigue symptoms are omitted. Harmonized definitions and measurement of clinically significant fatigue will advance research and clinical management of fatigue in rheumatic diseases and other conditions.

12 CFR 1229.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... equivalent employee; (ix) Internal Audit officer or an equivalent employee; or (x) Chief Information Officer... Officer or an equivalent employee; (ii) Chief Financial Officer or an equivalent employee; (iii) Chief Administrative Officer or an equivalent employee; (iv) Chief Risk Officer or an equivalent employee; (v) Asset...

A challenging issue: Detection of white matter hyperintensities in neonatal brain MRI.

PubMed

Morel, Baptiste; Yongchao Xu; Virzi, Alessio; Geraud, Thierry; Adamsbaum, Catherine; Bloch, Isabelle

2016-08-01

The progress of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for a precise exploration of the brain of premature infants at term equivalent age. The so-called DEHSI (diffuse excessive high signal intensity) of the white matter of premature brains remains a challenging issue in terms of definition, and thus of interpretation. We propose a semi-automatic detection and quantification method of white matter hyperintensities in MRI relying on morphological operators and max-tree representations, which constitutes a powerful tool to help radiologists to improve their interpretation. Results show better reproducibility and robustness than interactive segmentation.

12 CFR 1229.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... equivalent employee; or (x) Chief Information Officer or an equivalent employee; or (3) Any other individual... operations, such as the Chief Operating Officer or an equivalent employee; (ii) Chief Financial Officer or an equivalent employee; (iii) Chief Administrative Officer or an equivalent employee; (iv) Chief Risk Officer or...

Revisiting the Darmois and Lichnerowicz junction conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lake, Kayll

2017-10-01

What have become known as the "Darmois" and "Lichnerowicz" junction conditions are often stated to be equivalent, "essentially" equivalent, in a "sense" equivalent, and so on. One even sees not infrequent reference to the "Darmois-Lichnerowicz" conditions. Whereas the equivalence of these conditions is manifest in Gaussian-normal coordinates, a fact that has been known for close to a century, this equivalence does not extend to a loose definition of "admissible" coordinates (coordinates in which the metric and its first order derivatives are continuous). We show this here by way of a simple, but physically relevant, example. In general, a loose definition of the "Lichnerowicz" conditions gives additional restrictions, some of which simply amount to a convenient choice of gauge, and some of which amount to real physical restrictions, away from strict "admissible" coordinates. The situation was totally confused by a very influential, and now frequently misquoted, paper by Bonnor and Vickers, that erroneously claimed a proof of the equivalence of the "Darmois" and "Lichnerowicz" conditions within this loose definition of "admissible" coordinates. A correct proof, based on a strict definition of "admissible" coordinates, was given years previous by Israel. It is that proof, generally unrecognized, that we must refer to. Attention here is given to a clarification of the subject, and to the history of the subject, which, it turns out, is rather fascinating in itself.

Physical models of biological information and adaptation.

PubMed

Stuart, C I

1985-04-07

The bio-informational equivalence asserts that biological processes reduce to processes of information transfer. In this paper, that equivalence is treated as a metaphor with deeply anthropomorphic content of a sort that resists constitutive-analytical definition, including formulation within mathematical theories of information. It is argued that continuance of the metaphor, as a quasi-theoretical perspective in biology, must entail a methodological dislocation between biological and physical science. It is proposed that a general class of functions, drawn from classical physics, can serve to eliminate the anthropomorphism. Further considerations indicate that the concept of biological adaptation is central to the general applicability of the informational idea in biology; a non-anthropomorphic treatment of adaptive phenomena is suggested in terms of variational principles.

Definition of the relativistic geoid in terms of isochronometric surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Philipp, Dennis; Perlick, Volker; Puetzfeld, Dirk; Hackmann, Eva; Lämmerzahl, Claus

2017-05-01

We present a definition of the geoid that is based on the formalism of general relativity without approximations; i.e., it allows for arbitrarily strong gravitational fields. For this reason, it applies not only to the Earth and other planets but also to compact objects such as neutron stars. We define the geoid as a level surface of a time-independent redshift potential. Such a redshift potential exists in any stationary spacetime. Therefore, our geoid is well defined for any rigidly rotating object with constant angular velocity and a fixed rotation axis that is not subject to external forces. Our definition is operational because the level surfaces of a redshift potential can be realized with the help of standard clocks, which may be connected by optical fibers. Therefore, these surfaces are also called "isochronometric surfaces." We deliberately base our definition of a relativistic geoid on the use of clocks since we believe that clock geodesy offers the best methods for probing gravitational fields with highest precision in the future. However, we also point out that our definition of the geoid is mathematically equivalent to a definition in terms of an acceleration potential, i.e., that our geoid may also be viewed as a level surface orthogonal to plumb lines. Moreover, we demonstrate that our definition reduces to the known Newtonian and post-Newtonian notions in the appropriate limits. As an illustration, we determine the isochronometric surfaces for rotating observers in axisymmetric static and axisymmetric stationary solutions to Einstein's vacuum field equation, with the Schwarzschild metric, the Erez-Rosen metric, the q metric, and the Kerr metric as particular examples.

12 CFR 1229.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... equivalent employee; (iii) Chief Administrative Officer or an equivalent employee; (iv) Chief Risk Officer or an equivalent employee; (v) Asset and Liability Management officer, or an equivalent employee; (vi...), plus the amount paid-in for the Bank's Class B stock. Risk-based capital requirement means any capital...

Of wholes and parts: A Thomistic refutation of "Brain Death".

PubMed

Accad, Michel

2015-08-01

I propose a refutation of the two major arguments that support the concept of "brain death" as an ontological equivalent to death of the human organism. I begin with a critique of the notion that a body part, such as the brain, could act as "integrator" of a whole body. I then proceed with a rebuttal of the argument that destruction of a body part essential for rational operations-such as the brain-necessarily entails that the remaining whole is indisposed to accrue a rational soul. Next, I point to the equivocal use of the terms "alive" or "living" as being at the root of conceptual errors about brain death. I appeal to the Thomistic definition of life and to the hylomorphic concept of "virtual presence" to clarify this confusion. Finally, I show how the Thomistic definition of life supports the traditional criterion for the determination of death. Lay summary: By the mid-1960s, medical technology became available that could keep "alive" the bodies of patients who had sustained complete and irreversible brain injury. The concept of "brain death" emerged to describe such states. Physicians, philosophers, and ethicists then proposed that the state of brain death is equivalent to the state of death traditionally identified by the absence of spontaneous pulse and respiration. This article challenges the major philosophical arguments that have been advanced to draw this equivalence.

Neutron dosimetry in low-earth orbit using passive detectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benton, E. R.; Benton, E. V.; Frank, A. L.

2001-01-01

This paper summarizes neutron dosimetry measurements made by the USF Physics Research Laboratory aboard US and Russian LEO spacecraft over the past 20 years using two types of passive detector. Thermal/resonance neutron detectors exploiting the 6Li(n,T) alpha reaction were used to measure neutrons of energies <1 MeV. Fission foil neutron detectors were used to measure neutrons of energies above 1 MeV. While originally analysed in terms of dose equivalent using the NCRP-38 definition of quality factor, for the purposes of this paper the measured neutron data have been reanalyzed and are presented in terms of ambient dose equivalent. Dose equivalent rate for neutrons <1 MeV ranged from 0.80 microSv/d on the low altitude, low inclination STS-41B mission to 22.0 microSv/d measured in the Shuttle's cargo bay on the highly inclined STS-51F Spacelab-2 mission. In one particular instance a detector embedded within a large hydrogenous mass on STS-61 (in the ECT experiment) measured 34.6 microSv/d. Dose equivalent rate measurements of neutrons >1 MeV ranged from 4.5 microSv/d on the low altitude STS-3 mission to 172 microSv/d on the 6 year LDEF mission. Thermal neutrons (<0.3 eV) were observed to make a negligible contribution to neutron dose equivalent in all cases. The major fraction of neutron dose equivalent was found to be from neutrons >1 MeV and, on LDEF, neutrons >1 MeV are responsible for over 98% of the total neutron dose equivalent. Estimates of the neutron contribution to the total dose equivalent are somewhat lower than model estimates, ranging from 5.7% at a location under low shielding on LDEF to 18.4% on the highly inclined (82.3 degrees) Biocosmos-2044 mission. c2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

A tale of two velocities: Threading versus slicing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gharechahi, Razieh; Nouri-Zonoz, Mohammad; Tavanfar, Alireza

One of the important quantities in cosmology and astrophysics is the 3-velocity of an object. Specifically, when the gravitational fields are strong, one should require the employment of general relativity both in its definition and measurement. Looking into the literature for GR-based definitions of 3-velocity, one usually finds different ad hoc definitions applied according to the case under consideration. Here, we introduce and analyze systematically the two principal definitions of 3-velocity assigned to a test particle following the timelike trajectories in stationary spacetimes. These definitions are based on the 1 + 3 (threading) and 3 + 1 (slicing) spacetime decomposition formalisms and defined relative to two different sets of observers. After showing that Synge’s definition of spatial distance and 3-velocity is equivalent to those defined in the 1 + 3 (threading) formalism, we exemplify the differences between these two definitions by calculating them for particles in circular orbits in axially symmetric stationary spacetimes. Illustrating its geometric nature, the relative linear velocity between the corresponding observers is obtained in terms of the spacetime metric components. Circular particle orbits in the Kerr spacetime, as the prototype and the most well known of stationary spacetimes, are examined with respect to these definitions to highlight their observer-dependent nature. We also examine the Kerr-NUT spacetime in which the NUT parameter, contributing to the off-diagonal terms in the metric, is mainly interpreted not as a rotation parameter but as a gravitomagnetic monopole charge. Finally, in a specific astrophysical setup which includes rotating black holes, it is shown how the local velocity of an orbiting star could be related to its spectral line shifts measured by distant observers.

Equivalent peak resolution: characterization of the extent of separation for two components based on their relative peak overlap.

PubMed

Dvořák, Martin; Svobodová, Jana; Dubský, Pavel; Riesová, Martina; Vigh, Gyula; Gaš, Bohuslav

2015-03-01

Although the classical formula of peak resolution was derived to characterize the extent of separation only for Gaussian peaks of equal areas, it is often used even when the peaks follow non-Gaussian distributions and/or have unequal areas. This practice can result in misleading information about the extent of separation in terms of the severity of peak overlap. We propose here the use of the equivalent peak resolution value, a term based on relative peak overlap, to characterize the extent of separation that had been achieved. The definition of equivalent peak resolution is not constrained either by the form(s) of the concentration distribution function(s) of the peaks (Gaussian or non-Gaussian) or the relative area of the peaks. The equivalent peak resolution value and the classically defined peak resolution value are numerically identical when the separated peaks are Gaussian and have identical areas and SDs. Using our new freeware program, Resolution Analyzer, one can calculate both the classically defined and the equivalent peak resolution values. With the help of this tool, we demonstrate here that the classical peak resolution values mischaracterize the extent of peak overlap even when the peaks are Gaussian but have different areas. We show that under ideal conditions of the separation process, the relative peak overlap value is easily accessible by fitting the overall peak profile as the sum of two Gaussian functions. The applicability of the new approach is demonstrated on real separations. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Classroom Activities for Introducing Equivalence Relations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brandt, Jim

2013-01-01

Equivalence relations and partitions are two interconnected ideas that play important roles in advanced mathematics. While students encounter the informal notion of equivalence in many courses, the formal definition of an equivalence relation is typically introduced in a junior level transition-to-proof course. This paper reports the results of a…

Disappearing Q operator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, H. F.; Rivers, R. J.

2007-01-01

In the Schrödinger formulation of non-Hermitian quantum theories a positive-definite metric operator η≡e-Q must be introduced in order to ensure their probabilistic interpretation. This operator also gives an equivalent Hermitian theory, by means of a similarity transformation. If, however, quantum mechanics is formulated in terms of functional integrals, we show that the Q operator makes only a subliminal appearance and is not needed for the calculation of expectation values. Instead, the relation to the Hermitian theory is encoded via the external source j(t). These points are illustrated and amplified for two non-Hermitian quantum theories: the Swanson model, a non-Hermitian transform of the simple harmonic oscillator, and the wrong-sign quartic oscillator, which has been shown to be equivalent to a conventional asymmetric quartic oscillator.

Disappearing Q operator

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jones, H. F.; Rivers, R. J.

In the Schroedinger formulation of non-Hermitian quantum theories a positive-definite metric operator {eta}{identical_to}e{sup -Q} must be introduced in order to ensure their probabilistic interpretation. This operator also gives an equivalent Hermitian theory, by means of a similarity transformation. If, however, quantum mechanics is formulated in terms of functional integrals, we show that the Q operator makes only a subliminal appearance and is not needed for the calculation of expectation values. Instead, the relation to the Hermitian theory is encoded via the external source j(t). These points are illustrated and amplified for two non-Hermitian quantum theories: the Swanson model, a non-Hermitianmore » transform of the simple harmonic oscillator, and the wrong-sign quartic oscillator, which has been shown to be equivalent to a conventional asymmetric quartic oscillator.« less

Antipsychotic dose equivalents and dose-years: a standardized method for comparing exposure to different drugs.

PubMed

Andreasen, Nancy C; Pressler, Marcus; Nopoulos, Peg; Miller, Del; Ho, Beng-Choon

2010-02-01

A standardized quantitative method for comparing dosages of different drugs is a useful tool for designing clinical trials and for examining the effects of long-term medication side effects such as tardive dyskinesia. Such a method requires establishing dose equivalents. An expert consensus group has published charts of equivalent doses for various antipsychotic medications for first- and second-generation medications. These charts were used in this study. Regression was used to compare each drug in the experts' charts to chlorpromazine and haloperidol and to create formulas for each relationship. The formulas were solved for chlorpromazine 100 mg and haloperidol 2 mg to derive new chlorpromazine and haloperidol equivalents. The formulas were incorporated into our definition of dose-years such that 100 mg/day of chlorpromazine equivalent or 2 mg/day of haloperidol equivalent taken for 1 year is equal to one dose-year. All comparisons to chlorpromazine and haloperidol were highly linear with R(2) values greater than .9. A power transformation further improved linearity. By deriving a unique formula that converts doses to chlorpromazine or haloperidol equivalents, we can compare otherwise dissimilar drugs. These equivalents can be multiplied by the time an individual has been on a given dose to derive a cumulative value measured in dose-years in the form of (chlorpromazine equivalent in mg) x (time on dose measured in years). After each dose has been converted to dose-years, the results can be summed to provide a cumulative quantitative measure of lifetime exposure. Copyright 2010 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

9 CFR 145.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

.... Domesticated. Propagated and maintained under the control of a person. Equivalent or equivalent requirements... provisions of the Plan; (2) As applied to non-Plan but equivalent State poultry improvement programs. The... of this chapter, those organisms which are gram negative, non spore-forming bacilli, which ferment...

9 CFR 145.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... Domesticated. Propagated and maintained under the control of a person. Equivalent or equivalent requirements... provisions of the Plan; (2) As applied to non-Plan but equivalent State poultry improvement programs. The... of this chapter, those organisms which are gram negative, non spore-forming bacilli, which ferment...

42 CFR 57.1502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... medicine, dentistry, osteopathy, pharmacy, optometry, podiatry, veterinary medicine, or public health which... equivalent degree, doctor of podiatry or an equivalent degree, bachelor of science in pharmacy or an...

42 CFR 57.1502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... medicine, dentistry, osteopathy, pharmacy, optometry, podiatry, veterinary medicine, or public health which... equivalent degree, doctor of podiatry or an equivalent degree, bachelor of science in pharmacy or an...

42 CFR 57.1502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... medicine, dentistry, osteopathy, pharmacy, optometry, podiatry, veterinary medicine, or public health which... equivalent degree, doctor of podiatry or an equivalent degree, bachelor of science in pharmacy or an...

42 CFR 57.1502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... medicine, dentistry, osteopathy, pharmacy, optometry, podiatry, veterinary medicine, or public health which... equivalent degree, doctor of podiatry or an equivalent degree, bachelor of science in pharmacy or an...

Of wholes and parts: A Thomistic refutation of “Brain Death”

PubMed Central

Accad, Michel

2015-01-01

I propose a refutation of the two major arguments that support the concept of “brain death” as an ontological equivalent to death of the human organism. I begin with a critique of the notion that a body part, such as the brain, could act as “integrator” of a whole body. I then proceed with a rebuttal of the argument that destruction of a body part essential for rational operations—such as the brain—necessarily entails that the remaining whole is indisposed to accrue a rational soul. Next, I point to the equivocal use of the terms “alive” or “living” as being at the root of conceptual errors about brain death. I appeal to the Thomistic definition of life and to the hylomorphic concept of “virtual presence” to clarify this confusion. Finally, I show how the Thomistic definition of life supports the traditional criterion for the determination of death. Lay summary: By the mid-1960s, medical technology became available that could keep “alive” the bodies of patients who had sustained complete and irreversible brain injury. The concept of “brain death” emerged to describe such states. Physicians, philosophers, and ethicists then proposed that the state of brain death is equivalent to the state of death traditionally identified by the absence of spontaneous pulse and respiration. This article challenges the major philosophical arguments that have been advanced to draw this equivalence. PMID:26912932

On the Concept of Energy: Eclecticism and Rationality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Coelho, Ricardo Lopes

2014-06-01

In the theory of heat of the first half of the nineteenth century, heat was a substance. Mayer and Joule contradicted this thesis but developed different concepts of heat. Heat was a force for Mayer and a motion for Joule. Both Mayer and Joule determined the mechanical equivalent of heat. This result was, however, justified in accordance with those concepts of heat. Mayer's characterisation of force reappears in the very common textbook definition `energy cannot be created or destroyed but only transformed' and his theory led to a phenomenological approach to energy. Joule and Thomson's concept of heat led to a mechanistic approach to energy and to the common definition `energy is the capacity of doing work'. One and the same term `energy' subsumed these two approaches. The problematic concept of energy, energy as a substance, appears then as a result of an eclectic development of the concept. Another approach, which appeared in the 1860s, is directly based on the mechanical equivalent of heat and can be characterized by the use of `principle of equivalence' instead of `principle of energy conservation'. Unlike the others, this approach, which has been lost, poses no problems with the concept of energy. The problems with the energy concept as to the kind of phenomena dealt with in the present paper can, however, be overcome, as we shall see, in distinguishing between that which comes from experiments and that which is an interpretation of the experimental results within a conceptual framework.

Contextual control using a go/no-go procedure with compound abstract stimuli.

PubMed

Modenesi, Rafael Diego; Debert, Paula

2015-05-01

Contextual control has been described as (1) a five-term contingency, in which the contextual stimulus exerts conditional control over conditional discriminations, and (2) allowing one stimulus to be a member of different equivalence classes without merging them into one. Matching-to-sample is the most commonly employed procedure to produce and study contextual control. The present study evaluated whether the go/no-go procedure with compound stimuli produces equivalence classes that share stimuli. This procedure does not allow the identification of specific stimulus functions (e.g., contextual, conditional, or discriminative functions). If equivalence classes were established with this procedure, then only the latter part of the contextual control definition (2) would be met. Six undergraduate students participated in the present study. In the training phases, responses to AC, BD, and XY compounds with stimuli from the same classes were reinforced, and responses to AC, BD, and XY compounds with stimuli from different classes were not. In addition, responses to X1A1B1, X1A2B2, X2A1B2, and X2A2B1 compounds were reinforced and responses to the other combinations were not. During the tests, the participants had to respond to new combinations of stimuli compounds YCD to indicate the formation of four equivalence classes that share stimuli: X1A1B1Y1C1D1, X1A2B2Y1C2D2, X2A1B2Y2C1D2, and X2A2B1Y2C2D1. Four of the six participants showed the establishment of these classes. These results indicate that establishing contextual stimulus functions is unnecessary to produce equivalence classes that share stimuli. Therefore, these results are inconsistent with the first part of the definition of contextual control. © Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.

Equivalence of different definitions of the surface tension

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jug, Giancarlo; Jasnow, David

1985-02-01

Recently Brézin and Feng and independently Pant reported renormalization-group calculations of a universal amplitude ratio involving the surface tension, σ, defined as the free-energy difference produced by appropriate boundary conditions. Here we comment on an equivalent result obtained, within the same one-loop framework, using an alternative definition of σ involving the free-energy increment due to a macroscopic distortion of a flat interface.

40 CFR 61.91 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... included. The method for calculating effective dose equivalent and the definition of reference man are... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 61.91 Section 61.91... Other Than Radon From Department of Energy Facilities § 61.91 Definitions. As used in this subpart, all...

40 CFR 63.41 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... existing equipment will be equivalent to that level of control currently achieved by other well-controlled similar sources (i.e., equivalent to the level of control that would be provided by a current BACT, LAER... control equipment will be equivalent to the percent control efficiency provided by the control equipment...

40 CFR 63.41 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... existing equipment will be equivalent to that level of control currently achieved by other well-controlled similar sources (i.e., equivalent to the level of control that would be provided by a current BACT, LAER... control equipment will be equivalent to the percent control efficiency provided by the control equipment...

40 CFR 63.41 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... existing equipment will be equivalent to that level of control currently achieved by other well-controlled similar sources (i.e., equivalent to the level of control that would be provided by a current BACT, LAER... control equipment will be equivalent to the percent control efficiency provided by the control equipment...

40 CFR 63.41 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... existing equipment will be equivalent to that level of control currently achieved by other well-controlled similar sources (i.e., equivalent to the level of control that would be provided by a current BACT, LAER... control equipment will be equivalent to the percent control efficiency provided by the control equipment...

40 CFR 63.41 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... existing equipment will be equivalent to that level of control currently achieved by other well-controlled similar sources (i.e., equivalent to the level of control that would be provided by a current BACT, LAER... control equipment will be equivalent to the percent control efficiency provided by the control equipment...

Glossary of Managed Care Definitions

MedlinePlus

... Generic drug : a medicine that is the chemical equivalent of a brand-name drug. Generic drugs are typically less costly to consumers than equivalent brand-name drugs. Grievance : a complaint brought to ...

34 CFR 600.52 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... education in professional nursing leading to a degree equivalent to an associate degree in the United States... equivalent to a bachelor of arts, bachelor of science, or bachelor of nursing in the United States, or to a degree equivalent to a graduate degree in nursing in the United States, and including advanced training...

Contribution to the anatomical nomenclature concerning upper limb anatomy.

PubMed

Kachlik, David; Musil, Vladimir; Baca, Vaclav

2017-04-01

The aim of this article is to revise and extend the existing sections of Terminologia Anatomica dealing with the upper limb structures, which nomenclature belongs to its most neglected and not developing parts, and to justify the use of the proposed anatomical terms in the clinical practice, research, and education. A sample collected from own educational and research experience was matched in the main anatomical textbooks as well as old and recent anatomical journals and compared with four versions of the official Latin anatomical nomenclatures. The authors summarize here 145 terms, completed with their definitions or explanations, concerning both constant and variable (inconstant) morphological structures (bones, joints, muscles, vessels, and nerves) of the pectoral girdle, arm, cubital region, forearm, wrist, and hand, completed with some grammar remarks and several general terms. After a broad discussion on this topic, the Terminologia Anatomica should be revised and extend with the listed terms (or their equivalents).

Lost in translation: assessing effectiveness of focus group questioning techniques to develop improved translation of terminology used in HIV prevention clinical trials.

PubMed

Mack, Natasha; Ramirez, Catalina B; Friedland, Barbara; Nnko, Soori

2013-01-01

Achieving participant comprehension has proven to be one of the most difficult, practical, and ethical challenges of HIV prevention clinical trials. It becomes even more challenging when local languages do not have equivalent scientific and technical vocabularies, rendering communication of scientific concepts in translated documents extremely difficult. Even when bilingual lexicons are developed, there is no guarantee that participants understand the terminology as translated. We conducted twelve focus groups with women of reproductive age in Mwanza, Tanzania to explore the effectiveness of four questioning techniques for: (1) assessing participants' familiarity with existing technical terms and concepts, (2) generating a list of acceptable technical and non-technical terms, (3) testing our definitions of technical terms, and (4) verifying participants' preferences for terms. Focus groups were transcribed, translated, and qualitatively analyzed. A translation process that uses all four questioning techniques in a step-wise approach is an effective way to establish a baseline understanding of participants' familiarity with research terms, to develop and test translatable definitions, and to identify participants' preferred terminology for international HIV clinical research. This may help to ensure that important concepts are not "lost in translation." The results emphasize the importance of using a variety of techniques depending on the level of participant familiarity with research concepts, the existence of colloquial or technical terms in the target language, and the inherent complexity of the terms.

Lost in Translation: Assessing Effectiveness of Focus Group Questioning Techniques to Develop Improved Translation of Terminology Used in HIV Prevention Clinical Trials

PubMed Central

Mack, Natasha; Ramirez, Catalina B.; Friedland, Barbara; Nnko, Soori

2013-01-01

Introduction Achieving participant comprehension has proven to be one of the most difficult, practical, and ethical challenges of HIV prevention clinical trials. It becomes even more challenging when local languages do not have equivalent scientific and technical vocabularies, rendering communication of scientific concepts in translated documents extremely difficult. Even when bilingual lexicons are developed, there is no guarantee that participants understand the terminology as translated. Methods We conducted twelve focus groups with women of reproductive age in Mwanza, Tanzania to explore the effectiveness of four questioning techniques for: (1) assessing participants' familiarity with existing technical terms and concepts, (2) generating a list of acceptable technical and non-technical terms, (3) testing our definitions of technical terms, and (4) verifying participants' preferences for terms. Focus groups were transcribed, translated, and qualitatively analyzed. Results and Discussion A translation process that uses all four questioning techniques in a step-wise approach is an effective way to establish a baseline understanding of participants' familiarity with research terms, to develop and test translatable definitions, and to identify participants' preferred terminology for international HIV clinical research. This may help to ensure that important concepts are not “lost in translation.” The results emphasize the importance of using a variety of techniques depending on the level of participant familiarity with research concepts, the existence of colloquial or technical terms in the target language, and the inherent complexity of the terms. PMID:24040075

7 CFR 1956.105 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Definitions. 1956.105 Section 1956.105 Agriculture... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.105 Definitions... the American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers, Society of Real Estate Appraisers, or an equivalent...

10 CFR 20.1003 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... assessment of dose equivalent by the use of devices designed to be worn by an individual; (2) The assessment... equipment) means devices designed to be worn by a single individual for the assessment of dose equivalent... radionuclide in a year by the reference man that would result in a committed effective dose equivalent of 5...

10 CFR 20.1003 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... assessment of dose equivalent by the use of devices designed to be worn by an individual; (2) The assessment... equipment) means devices designed to be worn by a single individual for the assessment of dose equivalent... radionuclide in a year by the reference man that would result in a committed effective dose equivalent of 5...

10 CFR 20.1003 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... assessment of dose equivalent by the use of devices designed to be worn by an individual; (2) The assessment... equipment) means devices designed to be worn by a single individual for the assessment of dose equivalent... radionuclide in a year by the reference man that would result in a committed effective dose equivalent of 5...

10 CFR 20.1003 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... assessment of dose equivalent by the use of devices designed to be worn by an individual; (2) The assessment... equipment) means devices designed to be worn by a single individual for the assessment of dose equivalent... radionuclide in a year by the reference man that would result in a committed effective dose equivalent of 5...

10 CFR 20.1003 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... assessment of dose equivalent by the use of devices designed to be worn by an individual; (2) The assessment... equipment) means devices designed to be worn by a single individual for the assessment of dose equivalent... radionuclide in a year by the reference man that would result in a committed effective dose equivalent of 5...

Towards a new approach to model guidance laws

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Borne, P.; Duflos, E.; Vanheeghe, P.

1994-12-31

Proportional navigation laws have been widely used and studied. Nevertheless very few publications explain rigorously the origin of all these laws. For researchers who are starting to work on guidance laws, a feeling of confusion can result. For others, this lack of explanation can be, for example, the source of the difficulties to make the true proportional navigation become equivalent to the pure proportional navigation. The authors propose here a way to model guidance laws in order to fill this lack of explanation. The first consequence is a better exploration of the kinematic behaviors arising during the guidance process. Themore » second consequence is the definition of a new 3D guidance law which can be seen as a generalization of the true proportional navigation. Moreover, this generalization allow this last law to become equivalent to the pure proportional navigation in terms of initial conditions which allow the object to reach its target.« less

40 CFR 60.701 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI) Reactor Processes § 60.701 Definitions. As used in... means by individual stream components, not carbon equivalents. Car-seal means a seal that is placed on a...

Graded-index fibers, Wigner-distribution functions, and the fractional Fourier transform.

PubMed

Mendlovic, D; Ozaktas, H M; Lohmann, A W

1994-09-10

Two definitions of a fractional Fourier transform have been proposed previously. One is based on the propagation of a wave field through a graded-index medium, and the other is based on rotating a function's Wigner distribution. It is shown that both definitions are equivalent. An important result of this equivalency is that the Wigner distribution of a wave field rotates as the wave field propagates through a quadratic graded-index medium. The relation with ray-optics phase space is discussed.

Latitude and longitude vertical disparity

PubMed Central

Read, Jenny C. A.; Phillipson, Graeme P.; Glennerster, Andrew

2010-01-01

The literature on vertical disparity is complicated by the fact that several different definitions of the term “vertical disparity” are in common use, often without a clear statement about which is intended or a widespread appreciation of the properties of the different definitions. Here, we examine two definitions of retinal vertical disparity: elevation-latitude and elevation-longitude disparity. Near the fixation point, these definitions become equivalent, but in general, they have quite different dependences on object distance and binocular eye posture, which have not previously been spelt out. We present analytical approximations for each type of vertical disparity, valid for more general conditions than previous derivations in the literature: we do not restrict ourselves to objects near the fixation point or near the plane of regard, and we allow for non-zero torsion, cyclovergence and vertical misalignments of the eyes. We use these expressions to derive estimates of the latitude and longitude vertical disparity expected at each point in the visual field, averaged over all natural viewing. Finally, we present analytical expressions showing how binocular eye position – gaze direction, convergence, torsion, cyclovergence, and vertical misalignment – can be derived from the vertical disparity field and its derivatives at the fovea. PMID:20055544

The rayleigh: interpretation of the unit in terms of column emission rate or apparent radiance expressed in SI units.

PubMed

Baker, D J; Romick, G J

1976-08-01

The rayleigh, originally defined as a unit to express the total column light emission rate [10(10) photons sec(-1) (m(2)column) (-1)] can equivalently be defined as a unit for apparent photon radiance ((1/4)pi 10(10) photons sec(-1) m(-2) sr(-1)). The selection of the appropriate definition will depend upon the physical situation and the interests of the user. The applicability of the unit for expressing the quantitative measurement of all extended light sources, including optically thick media, is both handy and valid.

21 CFR 1403.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND COOPERATIVE... Status Report” (or other equivalent report); (2) For construction grants, the SF-271 “Outlay Report and Request for Reimbursement” (or other equivalent report). Federally recognized Indian tribal government...

15 CFR 90.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... non-functioning county or statistical equivalent means a sub-state entity that does not function as an... program, an eligible governmental unit also includes the District of Columbia and non-functioning counties or statistical equivalents represented by a FSCPE member agency. ...

[Review of the gender research in cross-cultural psychology since 1990: conceptual definitions and methodology].

PubMed

Suzuki, Atsuko

2004-06-01

A review of the cross-cultural research on gender in psychology since 1990 reveals (1) conceptual confusion of the definitions of sex, gender, man, and woman; (2) diversification, refinement, reification, and a problem-solving orientation in the research topics; and (3) the possibility of the elucidation of the psychological sex-difference mechanism in relation to the biological sex differences. A comparison of 1990 and 2000 cross-cultural psychological articles published in "Sex Roles" found that overall, the research is Western-centered and some methodological problems remain to be solved concerning the measures and the sampling. These findings lead to the following suggestions for cross-cultural research on gender to resolve the problems and contribute to the development of psychology in general: (1) use of an operational definition for conceptual equivalence; (2) conducting more etic-approach research; (3) avoiding ethnocentric or androcentric research attitudes; (4) use of a theoretical framework; (5) strict examination of methodologies; and (6) examination of the specific context of participants in terms of cultural diversity, dynamics of husband-wife relationships, and relationships with husbands and fathers.

37 CFR 254.2 - Definition of coin-operated phonorecord player.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-OPERATED PHONORECORD PLAYERS § 254.2 Definition of coin-operated phonorecord player. As used in this part..., currency, tokens, or other monetary units or their equivalent; (b) Is located in an establishment making no...

40 CFR 63.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Protection Agency. Equivalent emission limitation means any maximum achievable control technology emission... common control that is included in a section 112(c) source category or subcategory for which a section... pollutant at least equivalent to the reduction in emissions of such pollutant achieved under a relevant...

40 CFR 63.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Protection Agency. Equivalent emission limitation means any maximum achievable control technology emission... common control that is included in a section 112(c) source category or subcategory for which a section... pollutant at least equivalent to the reduction in emissions of such pollutant achieved under a relevant...

40 CFR 63.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Protection Agency. Equivalent emission limitation means any maximum achievable control technology emission... common control that is included in a section 112(c) source category or subcategory for which a section... pollutant at least equivalent to the reduction in emissions of such pollutant achieved under a relevant...

40 CFR 63.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Protection Agency. Equivalent emission limitation means any maximum achievable control technology emission... common control that is included in a section 112(c) source category or subcategory for which a section... pollutant at least equivalent to the reduction in emissions of such pollutant achieved under a relevant...

40 CFR 63.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Protection Agency. Equivalent emission limitation means any maximum achievable control technology emission... common control that is included in a section 112(c) source category or subcategory for which a section... pollutant at least equivalent to the reduction in emissions of such pollutant achieved under a relevant...

47 CFR 51.903 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... equivalent of the incumbent local exchange carrier access service provided by a non-incumbent local exchange... or other customer provided by an incumbent local exchange carrier or any functional equivalent of the incumbent local exchange carrier access service provided by a non-incumbent local exchange carrier...

47 CFR 51.903 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... equivalent of the incumbent local exchange carrier access service provided by a non-incumbent local exchange... or other customer provided by an incumbent local exchange carrier or any functional equivalent of the incumbent local exchange carrier access service provided by a non-incumbent local exchange carrier...

47 CFR 51.903 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... equivalent of the incumbent local exchange carrier access service provided by a non-incumbent local exchange... or other customer provided by an incumbent local exchange carrier or any functional equivalent of the incumbent local exchange carrier access service provided by a non-incumbent local exchange carrier...

Application of Bother in patient reported outcomes instruments across cultures

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background The objective of this study was to determine the applicability of the term bother, as used in Patient Reported Outcomes (PRO) instruments that will be translated into foreign languages from English for the United States. Bother is versatile in English for the U.S., in that it can describe negative mental states and physical sensations, as well as social disturbances. Bother has many different meanings across cultures, due to this versatility. Alternatives for bother were explored for future PRO instrument development. Methods A PRO instrument used to evaluate the degree of bother resulting from psoriasis was analyzed. This disease can negatively impact patients physically, emotionally and socially. Translations of bother were analyzed to determine its meaning when translated into other languages. Cognitive debriefing was conducted on psoriasis patients with the instrument containing bother. Following cognitive debriefing, a questionnaire was distributed to linguists and cognitive debriefing subjects to collect definitions of bother in each target language, and detail any difficulty with translation. To establish alternatives to bother and demonstrate the breakdown of concepts within bother, translations of the Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) were analyzed. This instrument was selected for its focus on psoriasis and use of terminology that lacks the ambiguity of bother. Results An analysis of back-translations revealed that bother yielded a back-translation that was conceptually different from the source 20% of the time (5/26). Analysis of alternative terminology found in the DLQI revealed much greater conceptual equivalence when translated into other languages. Conclusion When developing the wording of PRO instruments, the terminology chosen should be applicable across languages to allow for international pooling and comparison of data. While all linguists and subjects of cognitive debriefing understood bother to have a negative connotation, a large variety of definitions and synonyms provided across languages showed a lack of conceptual equivalence. Ambiguity of the term across cultures may result in variation in translation, impacting subsequent international data pooling. Analysis of alternatives revealed that measurement of unambiguous terminology produces the greatest conceptual equivalency across languages and cultures. PMID:24520950

On methods of estimating cosmological bulk flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nusser, Adi

2016-01-01

We explore similarities and differences between several estimators of the cosmological bulk flow, B, from the observed radial peculiar velocities of galaxies. A distinction is made between two theoretical definitions of B as a dipole moment of the velocity field weighted by a radial window function. One definition involves the three-dimensional (3D) peculiar velocity, while the other is based on its radial component alone. Different methods attempt at inferring B for either of these definitions which coincide only for the case of a velocity field which is constant in space. We focus on the Wiener Filtering (WF) and the Constrained Minimum Variance (CMV) methodologies. Both methodologies require a prior expressed in terms of the radial velocity correlation function. Hoffman et al. compute B in Top-Hat windows from a WF realization of the 3D peculiar velocity field. Feldman et al. infer B directly from the observed velocities for the second definition of B. The WF methodology could easily be adapted to the second definition, in which case it will be equivalent to the CMV with the exception of the imposed constraint. For a prior with vanishing correlations or very noisy data, CMV reproduces the standard Maximum Likelihood estimation for B of the entire sample independent of the radial weighting function. Therefore, this estimator is likely more susceptible to observational biases that could be present in measurements of distant galaxies. Finally, two additional estimators are proposed.

Isentropic Analysis of Convective Motions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pauluis, Olivier M.; Mrowiec, Agnieszka A.

2013-01-01

This paper analyzes the convective mass transport by sorting air parcels in terms of their equivalent potential temperature to determine an isentropic streamfunction. By averaging the vertical mass flux at a constant value of the equivalent potential temperature, one can compute an isentropic mass transport that filters out reversible oscillatory motions such as gravity waves. This novel approach emphasizes the fact that the vertical energy and entropy transports by convection are due to the combination of ascending air parcels with high energy and entropy and subsiding air parcels with lower energy and entropy. Such conditional averaging can be extended to other dynamic and thermodynamic variables such as vertical velocity, temperature, or relative humidity to obtain a comprehensive description of convective motions. It is also shown how this approach can be used to determine the mean diabatic tendencies from the three-dimensional dynamic and thermodynamic fields. A two-stream approximation that partitions the isentropic circulation into a mean updraft and a mean downdraft is also introduced. This offers a straightforward way to identify the mean properties of rising and subsiding air parcels. The results from the two-stream approximation are compared with two other definitions of the cloud mass flux. It is argued that the isentropic analysis offers a robust definition of the convective mass transport that is not tainted by the need to arbitrarily distinguish between convection and its environment, and that separates the irreversible convective overturning fromoscillations associated with gravity waves.

40 CFR 1065.1001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... engine parameters. Emission-control system means any device, system, or element of design that controls.... Nonmethane hydrocarbon equivalent (NMHCE) means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated... of 1.85:1. Total hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE) means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non...

40 CFR 1065.1001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... engine parameters. Emission-control system means any device, system, or element of design that controls.... Nonmethane hydrocarbon equivalent (NMHCE) means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated... of 1.85:1. Total hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE) means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non...

42 CFR 57.302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... FACILITIES, EDUCATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS, SCHOLARSHIPS AND STUDENT LOANS Nursing Student Loans § 57.302... constitutes a full-time academic workload, as determined by the school, leading to a diploma in nursing, an associate degree in nursing or an equivalent degree, a baccalaureate degree in nursing or an equivalent...

76 FR 23690 - Version One Regional Reliability Standards for Facilities Design, Connections, and Maintenance...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-28

... Maintenance; Protection and Control; and Voltage and Reactive AGENCY: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission..., Connections, and Maintenance; Protection and Control; and Voltage and Reactive, Notice of Proposed Rulemaking... regional definitions for Functionally Equivalent Protection System, Functionally Equivalent Remedial Action...

19 CFR 143.32 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (CONTINUED) SPECIAL ENTRY PROCEDURES Electronic Entry Filing § 143.32 Definitions. The following are... broker licensed under part 111 of this chapter. (e) Certification. “Certification” means the electronic equivalent of a signature for data transmitted through ABI. This electronic (facsimile) signature must be...

Assessment of dynamic effects on aircraft design loads: The landing impact case

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bronstein, Michael; Feldman, Esther; Vescovini, Riccardo; Bisagni, Chiara

2015-10-01

This paper addresses the potential benefits due to a fully dynamic approach to determine the design loads of a mid-size business jet. The study is conducted by considering the fuselage midsection of the DAEDALOS aircraft model with landing impact conditions. The comparison is presented in terms of stress levels between the novel dynamic approach and the standard design practice based on the use of equivalent static loads. The results illustrate that a slight reduction of the load levels can be achieved, but careful modeling of the damping level is needed. Guidelines for an improved load definition are discussed, and suggestions for future research activities are provided.

Dynamic Monte Carlo description of thermal desorption processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weinketz, Sieghard

1994-07-01

The applicability of the dynamic Monte Carlo method of Fichthorn and Weinberg, in which the time evolution of a system is described in terms of the absolute number of different microscopic possible events and their associated transition rates, is discussed for the case of thermal desorption simulations. It is shown that the definition of the time increment at each successful event leads naturally to the macroscopic differential equation of desorption, in the case of simple first- and second-order processes in which the only possible events are desorption and diffusion. This equivalence is numerically demonstrated for a second-order case. In the sequence, the equivalence of this method with the Monte Carlo method of Sales and Zgrablich for more complex desorption processes, allowing for lateral interactions between adsorbates, is shown, even though the dynamic Monte Carlo method does not bear their limitation of a rapid surface diffusion condition, thus being able to describe a more complex ``kinetics'' of surface reactive processes, and therefore be applied to a wider class of phenomena, such as surface catalysis.

7 CFR 1450.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...; diesel-equivalent fuel derived from renewable biomass including vegetable oil and animal fat; biogas.... Equivalent plan means a plan approved by a State or other State agency or government entity that is similar... non-woody perennial crops and woody perennial crops, as specified in a producer contract under the...

7 CFR 1450.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...; diesel-equivalent fuel derived from renewable biomass including vegetable oil and animal fat; biogas.... Equivalent plan means a plan approved by a State or other State agency or government entity that is similar... non-woody perennial crops and woody perennial crops, as specified in a producer contract under the...

47 CFR 25.201 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... reflector. When non-reflector or non-circular aperture antennas are employed, an equivalent diameter can be.... Earth Station on Vessel (“ESV”). An ESV is an earth station onboard a craft designed for traveling on... Internet or World Wide Web on-line filing forms. Equivalent diameter. When circular aperture reflector...

40 CFR 1065.1001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-control system means any device, system, or element of design that controls or reduces the emissions of... equivalent (NMHCE) means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated nonmethane hydrocarbons... of 1.85:1. Total hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE) means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non...

7 CFR 1450.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... yard waste; diesel-equivalent fuel derived from renewable biomass including vegetable oil and animal... CCC. Equivalent plan means a plan approved by a State or other State agency or government entity that... required for non-woody perennial crops and woody perennial crops, as specified in a producer contract under...

40 CFR 790.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED... purpose of this part: Act means the Toxic Substances Control Act, 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq. Additive means a... data intended to show that two substances or mixtures are equivalent. Equivalent means that a chemical...

12 CFR 1229.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 1229.1 Section 1229.1 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY ENTITY REGULATIONS CAPITAL CLASSIFICATIONS AND PROMPT CORRECTIVE...; (viii) Strategic Planning officer or an equivalent employee; (ix) Internal Audit officer or an...

7 CFR 3405.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... EDUCATION CHALLENGE GRANTS PROGRAM General Information § 3405.2 Definitions. As used in this part: (a... providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate; (2) Is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education; (3) Provides an...

7 CFR 3405.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... EDUCATION CHALLENGE GRANTS PROGRAM General Information § 3405.2 Definitions. As used in this part: (a... providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate; (2) Is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education; (3) Provides an...

7 CFR 3405.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... EDUCATION CHALLENGE GRANTS PROGRAM General Information § 3405.2 Definitions. As used in this part: (a... providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate; (2) Is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education; (3) Provides an...

Suicide Contagion: A Systematic Review of Definitions and Research Utility

PubMed Central

Cheng, Qijin; Li, Hong; Silenzio, Vincent; Caine, Eric D.

2014-01-01

Objectives Despite the common use of contagion to analogize the spread of suicide, there is a lack of rigorous assessment of the underlying concept or theory supporting the use of this term. The present study aims to examine the varied definitions and potential utility of the term contagion in suicide-related research. Methods 100 initial records and 240 reference records in English were identified as relevant with our research objectives, through systematic literature screening. We then conducted narrative syntheses of various definitions and assessed their potential value for generating new research. Results 20.3% of the 340 records used contagion as equivalent to clustering (contagion-as-cluster); 68.5% used it to refer to various, often related mechanisms underlying the clustering phenomenon (contagion-as-mechanism); and 11.2% without clear definition. Under the category of contagion-as-mechanism, four mechanisms have been proposed to explain how suicide clusters occurred: transmission (contagion-as-transmission), imitation (contagion-as-imitation), contextual influence (contagion-as-context), and affiliation (contagion-as-affiliation). Contagion-as-cluster both confounds and constrains inquiry into suicide clustering by blending proposed mechanism with the phenomenon to be studied. Contagion-as-transmission is, in essence, a double or internally redundant metaphor. Contagion-as-affiliation and contagion-as-context involve mechanisms that are common mechanisms that often occur independently of apparent contagion, or may serve as a facilitating background. When used indiscriminately, these terms may create research blind spots. Contagion-as-imitation combines perspectives from psychology, sociology, and public health research and provides the greatest heuristic utility for examining whether and how suicide and suicidal behaviors may spread among persons at both individual and population levels. Conclusion Clarifying the concept of “suicide contagion” is an essential step for more thoroughly investigating its mechanisms. Developing a clearer understanding of the apparent spread of suicide-promoting influences can, in turn, offer insights necessary to build the scientific foundation for prevention and intervention strategies that can be applied at both individual and community levels. PMID:25259604

10 CFR 76.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... to the Act. Administrative controls means the provisions relating to organization and management... agreement under subsection 274b. of the Act. Non-Agreement State means any other State. Alert means events... equivalent means the sum of the products of the dose equivalent to the body organ or tissue and the weighting...

40 CFR 63.641 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... recovery device (if any) and prior to any control device and prior to discharge to the atmosphere. Group 1..., these four technologies are considered equivalent. Reference control technology for wastewater means the..., not by carbon equivalents. Car-seal means a seal that is placed on a device that is used to change the...

9 CFR 145.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Agriculture. Domesticated. Propagated and maintained under the control of a person. Equivalent or equivalent... bacilli. For the purpose of this chapter, those organisms which are gram negative, non spore-forming... classification on one farm; (2) As applied to disease control. All of the poultry on one farm except that, at the...

9 CFR 145.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Agriculture. Domesticated. Propagated and maintained under the control of a person. Equivalent or equivalent... bacilli. For the purpose of this chapter, those organisms which are gram negative, non spore-forming... classification on one farm; (2) As applied to disease control. All of the poultry on one farm except that, at the...

40 CFR 63.111 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... greater than 1.0. Group 1 storage vessel means a storage vessel that meets the criteria for design storage... purposes of emissions averaging, these four technologies are considered equivalent. Reference control... equivalents. Car-seal means a seal that is placed on a device that is used to change the position of a valve...

40 CFR 63.641 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... recovery device (if any) and prior to any control device and prior to discharge to the atmosphere. Group 1..., these four technologies are considered equivalent. Reference control technology for wastewater means the..., not by carbon equivalents. Car-seal means a seal that is placed on a device that is used to change the...

40 CFR 63.111 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... greater than 1.0. Group 1 storage vessel means a storage vessel that meets the criteria for design storage... purposes of emissions averaging, these four technologies are considered equivalent. Reference control... equivalents. Car-seal means a seal that is placed on a device that is used to change the position of a valve...

40 CFR 63.111 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... greater than 1.0. Group 1 storage vessel means a storage vessel that meets the criteria for design storage... purposes of emissions averaging, these four technologies are considered equivalent. Reference control... equivalents. Car-seal means a seal that is placed on a device that is used to change the position of a valve...

40 CFR 63.111 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... greater than 1.0. Group 1 storage vessel means a storage vessel that meets the criteria for design storage... purposes of emissions averaging, these four technologies are considered equivalent. Reference control... equivalents. Car-seal means a seal that is placed on a device that is used to change the position of a valve...

40 CFR 63.641 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... recovery device (if any) and prior to any control device and prior to discharge to the atmosphere. Group 1..., these four technologies are considered equivalent. Reference control technology for wastewater means the..., not by carbon equivalents. Car-seal means a seal that is placed on a device that is used to change the...

40 CFR 600.002-93 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... traveled by an automobile or group of automobiles per volume of fuel consumed as computed in § 600.113 or § 600.207; or (ii) The equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy for an electrically powered automobile as... means the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value as determined by the calculation procedure...

10 CFR 76.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... to the Act. Administrative controls means the provisions relating to organization and management... agreement under subsection 274b. of the Act. Non-Agreement State means any other State. Alert means events... equivalent means the sum of the products of the dose equivalent to the body organ or tissue and the weighting...

10 CFR 76.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... to the Act. Administrative controls means the provisions relating to organization and management... agreement under subsection 274b. of the Act. Non-Agreement State means any other State. Alert means events... equivalent means the sum of the products of the dose equivalent to the body organ or tissue and the weighting...

9 CFR 145.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Agriculture. Domesticated. Propagated and maintained under the control of a person. Equivalent or equivalent... bacilli. For the purpose of this chapter, those organisms which are gram negative, non spore-forming... classification on one farm; (2) As applied to disease control. All of the poultry on one farm except that, at the...

10 CFR 76.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... to the Act. Administrative controls means the provisions relating to organization and management... agreement under subsection 274b. of the Act. Non-Agreement State means any other State. Alert means events... equivalent means the sum of the products of the dose equivalent to the body organ or tissue and the weighting...

40 CFR 63.111 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... greater than 1.0. Group 1 storage vessel means a storage vessel that meets the criteria for design storage... purposes of emissions averaging, these four technologies are considered equivalent. Reference control... equivalents. Car-seal means a seal that is placed on a device that is used to change the position of a valve...

40 CFR 63.641 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... recovery device (if any) and prior to any control device and prior to discharge to the atmosphere. Group 1..., these four technologies are considered equivalent. Reference control technology for wastewater means the..., not by carbon equivalents. Car-seal means a seal that is placed on a device that is used to change the...

10 CFR 76.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... to the Act. Administrative controls means the provisions relating to organization and management... agreement under subsection 274b. of the Act. Non-Agreement State means any other State. Alert means events... equivalent means the sum of the products of the dose equivalent to the body organ or tissue and the weighting...

10 CFR 30.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Commission has entered into an effective agreement under subsection 274b. of the Act. Non-agreement State... access control measures that are not related to the safe use of, or security of, radiological materials... equivalent means the sum of the products of the dose equivalent to the organ or tissue and the weighting...

40 CFR 63.641 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... recovery device (if any) and prior to any control device and prior to discharge to the atmosphere. Group 1..., these four technologies are considered equivalent. Reference control technology for wastewater means the..., not by carbon equivalents. Car-seal means a seal that is placed on a device that is used to change the...

42 CFR 66.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... majority of the time is spent in non-research clinical training. (f) Noncitizen national of the United... level in a program leading to the award of a doctor of philosophy of science, or equivalent degree. For... award of a baccalaureate in science or equivalent degree. (h) Postdoctoral training means training of...

46 CFR 92.07-5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

.... Bulkheads or decks of the “A” Class shall be composed of steel or equivalent metal construction, suitably stiffened and made intact with the main structure of the vessel; such as shell, structural bulkheads, and... need meet no requirements relative to the passage of flame. (e) Steel or other equivalent metal. Where...

46 CFR 92.07-5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

.... Bulkheads or decks of the “A” Class shall be composed of steel or equivalent metal construction, suitably stiffened and made intact with the main structure of the vessel; such as shell, structural bulkheads, and... need meet no requirements relative to the passage of flame. (e) Steel or other equivalent metal. Where...

46 CFR 92.07-5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

.... Bulkheads or decks of the “A” Class shall be composed of steel or equivalent metal construction, suitably stiffened and made intact with the main structure of the vessel; such as shell, structural bulkheads, and... need meet no requirements relative to the passage of flame. (e) Steel or other equivalent metal. Where...

46 CFR 92.07-5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

.... Bulkheads or decks of the “A” Class shall be composed of steel or equivalent metal construction, suitably stiffened and made intact with the main structure of the vessel; such as shell, structural bulkheads, and... need meet no requirements relative to the passage of flame. (e) Steel or other equivalent metal. Where...

46 CFR 92.07-5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

.... Bulkheads or decks of the “A” Class shall be composed of steel or equivalent metal construction, suitably stiffened and made intact with the main structure of the vessel; such as shell, structural bulkheads, and... need meet no requirements relative to the passage of flame. (e) Steel or other equivalent metal. Where...

5 CFR 330.604 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...: (1) A current career or career conditional competitive service employee in tenure group 1 or 2, at grade levels GS-15 or equivalent and below, who has received a specific reduction in force (RIF... service, serving on an appointment without time limit, at grade levels GS-15 or equivalent and below, who...

Wheeze as an Adverse Event in Pediatric Vaccine and Drug Randomized Controlled Trials: A Systematic Review

PubMed Central

Marangu, Diana; Kovacs, Stephanie; Walson, Judd; Bonhoeffer, Jan; Ortiz, Justin R.; John-Stewart, Grace; Horne, David J.

2016-01-01

Introduction Wheeze is an important sign indicating a potentially severe adverse event in vaccine and drug trials, particularly in children. However, there are currently no consensus definitions of wheeze or associated respiratory compromise in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Objective To identify definitions and severity grading scales of wheeze as an adverse event in vaccine and drug RCTs enrolling children <5 years and to determine their diagnostic performance based on sensitivity, specificity and inter-observer agreement. Methods We performed a systematic review of electronic databases and reference lists with restrictions for trial settings, English language and publication date ≥ 1970. Wheeze definitions and severity grading were abstracted and ranked by a diagnostic certainty score based on sensitivity, specificity and inter-observer agreement. Results Of 1,205 articles identified using our broad search terms, we identified 58 eligible trials conducted in 38 countries, mainly in high-income settings. Vaccines made up the majority (90%) of interventions, particularly influenza vaccines (65%). Only 15 trials provided explicit definitions of wheeze. Of 24 studies that described severity, 11 described wheeze severity in the context of an explicit wheeze definition. The remaining 13 studies described wheeze severity where wheeze was defined as part of a respiratory illness or a wheeze equivalent. Wheeze descriptions were elicited from caregiver reports (14%), physical examination by a health worker (45%) or a combination (41%). There were 21/58 studies in which wheeze definitions included combined caregiver report and healthcare worker assessment. The use of these two methods appeared to have the highest combined sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion Standardized wheeze definitions and severity grading scales for use in pediatric vaccine or drug trials are lacking. Standardized definitions of wheeze are needed for assessment of possible adverse events as new vaccines and drugs are evaluated. PMID:26319071

Quantization of noncompact coverings and its physical applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ivankov, Petr

2018-02-01

A rigorous algebraic definition of noncommutative coverings is developed. In the case of commutative algebras this definition is equivalent to the classical definition of topological coverings of locally compact spaces. The theory has following nontrivial applications: • Coverings of continuous trace algebras, • Coverings of noncommutative tori, • Coverings of the quantum SU(2) group, • Coverings of foliations, • Coverings of isospectral deformations of Spin - manifolds. The theory supplies the rigorous definition of noncommutative Wilson lines.

44 CFR 80.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 80.3 Section 80.3 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... reasonably equivalent to cash, for which in all probability the property would have sold on the effective...

44 CFR 80.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions. 80.3 Section 80.3 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... reasonably equivalent to cash, for which in all probability the property would have sold on the effective...

40 CFR 721.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... providing saleable goods or a service to consumers (e.g., a commercial dry cleaning establishment or..., hoods, chemical goggles, face splash shields, or equivalent eye protection, and various types of respirators. Barrier creams are not included in this definition. Powder or dry solid form means a state where...

45 CFR 1801.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) HARRY S. TRUMAN SCHOLARSHIP FOUNDATION HARRY S. TRUMAN SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM General § 1801.4 Definitions. As used in this part: Academic year means the period of time..., or the equivalent. Foundation means the Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation. Full-time student...

45 CFR 1801.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) HARRY S. TRUMAN SCHOLARSHIP FOUNDATION HARRY S. TRUMAN SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM General § 1801.4 Definitions. As used in this part: Academic year means the period of time..., or the equivalent. Foundation means the Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation. Full-time student...

45 CFR 1801.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) HARRY S. TRUMAN SCHOLARSHIP FOUNDATION HARRY S. TRUMAN SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM General § 1801.4 Definitions. As used in this part: Academic year means the period of time..., or the equivalent. Foundation means the Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation. Full-time student...

Dynamical Languages

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xie, Huimin

The following sections are included: * Definition of Dynamical Languages * Distinct Excluded Blocks * Definition and Properties * L and L″ in Chomsky Hierarchy * A Natural Equivalence Relation * Symbolic Flows * Symbolic Flows and Dynamical Languages * Subshifts of Finite Type * Sofic Systems * Graphs and Dynamical Languages * Graphs and Shannon-Graphs * Transitive Languages * Topological Entropy

49 CFR 523.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... a functioning vehicle that has the primary load carrying device or container (or equivalent... the product of track width (measured in inches, calculated as the average of front and rear track.... For purposes of this definition, track width is the lateral distance between the centerlines of the...

Heart transplantation in children with intellectual disability: An analysis of the UNOS database.

PubMed

Goel, Alexander N; Iyengar, Amit; Schowengerdt, Kenneth; Fiore, Andrew C; Huddleston, Charles B

2017-03-01

Heart transplantation in children with intellectual disability (ID) is an issue of debate due to the shortage of available donor organs. We sought to perform the first large-scale retrospective cohort study describing the prevalence and outcomes of heart transplantation in this population. The United Network of Organ Sharing database was queried from 2008 to 2015 for pediatric patients (age <19 years) receiving first, isolated heart transplant. Recipients were divided into three subgroups: definite ID, probable ID, and no ID. The chi-square test was used to compare patients' baseline characteristics. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to estimate the association between ID and death-censored graft failure and patient survival. Over the study period, 565 pediatric patients with definite (131) or probable (434) ID received first heart transplant, accounting for 22.4% of all first pediatric heart transplants (n=2524). Recipients with definite ID did not significantly differ from those without ID in terms of gender, ethnicity, ischemia time, severity of pretransplant condition (waitlist status, mechanical ventilation, inotrope dependence, ECMO, VAD, PVRI, infection prior to transplant), or incidents of acute rejection within the first year. ID was associated with prolonged waitlist time (P<.001). Graft and patient survival at 3 years was equivalent between children with and without ID (P=.811 and .578, respectively). We conclude that intellectual disability is prevalent in children receiving heart transplants, with 22.4% of recipients over the study period having definite or probable ID. ID does not appear to negatively affect transplantation outcomes. Future studies are needed to assess long-term outcomes of transplantation in this population. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A Framework to Support the Sharing and Reuse of Computable Phenotype Definitions Across Health Care Delivery and Clinical Research Applications.

PubMed

Richesson, Rachel L; Smerek, Michelle M; Blake Cameron, C

2016-01-01

The ability to reproducibly identify clinically equivalent patient populations is critical to the vision of learning health care systems that implement and evaluate evidence-based treatments. The use of common or semantically equivalent phenotype definitions across research and health care use cases will support this aim. Currently, there is no single consolidated repository for computable phenotype definitions, making it difficult to find all definitions that already exist, and also hindering the sharing of definitions between user groups. Drawing from our experience in an academic medical center that supports a number of multisite research projects and quality improvement studies, we articulate a framework that will support the sharing of phenotype definitions across research and health care use cases, and highlight gaps and areas that need attention and collaborative solutions. An infrastructure for re-using computable phenotype definitions and sharing experience across health care delivery and clinical research applications includes: access to a collection of existing phenotype definitions, information to evaluate their appropriateness for particular applications, a knowledge base of implementation guidance, supporting tools that are user-friendly and intuitive, and a willingness to use them. We encourage prospective researchers and health administrators to re-use existing EHR-based condition definitions where appropriate and share their results with others to support a national culture of learning health care. There are a number of federally funded resources to support these activities, and research sponsors should encourage their use.

A Framework to Support the Sharing and Reuse of Computable Phenotype Definitions Across Health Care Delivery and Clinical Research Applications

PubMed Central

Richesson, Rachel L.; Smerek, Michelle M.; Blake Cameron, C.

2016-01-01

Introduction: The ability to reproducibly identify clinically equivalent patient populations is critical to the vision of learning health care systems that implement and evaluate evidence-based treatments. The use of common or semantically equivalent phenotype definitions across research and health care use cases will support this aim. Currently, there is no single consolidated repository for computable phenotype definitions, making it difficult to find all definitions that already exist, and also hindering the sharing of definitions between user groups. Method: Drawing from our experience in an academic medical center that supports a number of multisite research projects and quality improvement studies, we articulate a framework that will support the sharing of phenotype definitions across research and health care use cases, and highlight gaps and areas that need attention and collaborative solutions. Framework: An infrastructure for re-using computable phenotype definitions and sharing experience across health care delivery and clinical research applications includes: access to a collection of existing phenotype definitions, information to evaluate their appropriateness for particular applications, a knowledge base of implementation guidance, supporting tools that are user-friendly and intuitive, and a willingness to use them. Next Steps: We encourage prospective researchers and health administrators to re-use existing EHR-based condition definitions where appropriate and share their results with others to support a national culture of learning health care. There are a number of federally funded resources to support these activities, and research sponsors should encourage their use. PMID:27563686

30 CFR 401.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Resources GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE WATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE PROGRAM General § 401.3 Definitions. Act means the Water Resources Research Act of 1984 (Pub. L. 98-242, 98 Stat. 97... research institute, center, or equivalent agency established in accordance with Title I of the Act. Region...

30 CFR 401.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Resources GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE WATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE PROGRAM General § 401.3 Definitions. Act means the Water Resources Research Act of 1984 (Pub. L. 98-242, 98 Stat. 97... research institute, center, or equivalent agency established in accordance with Title I of the Act. Region...

30 CFR 401.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Resources GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE WATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE PROGRAM General § 401.3 Definitions. Act means the Water Resources Research Act of 1984 (Pub. L. 98-242, 98 Stat. 97... research institute, center, or equivalent agency established in accordance with Title I of the Act. Region...

30 CFR 401.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Resources GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE WATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE PROGRAM General § 401.3 Definitions. Act means the Water Resources Research Act of 1984 (Pub. L. 98-242, 98 Stat. 97... research institute, center, or equivalent agency established in accordance with Title I of the Act. Region...

30 CFR 401.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Resources GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE WATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE PROGRAM General § 401.3 Definitions. Act means the Water Resources Research Act of 1984 (Pub. L. 98-242, 98 Stat. 97... research institute, center, or equivalent agency established in accordance with Title I of the Act. Region...

‘Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs)’: Definition, recommended terminology, and a hierarchical classification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheth, Hetu C.

2007-12-01

This article is an appeal for the adoption of a correct and appropriate terminology with respect to the so-called Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs). The term LIP has been widely applied to large basaltic provinces such as the Deccan Traps, and the term Silicic Large Igneous Province (SLIP) to volcanic provinces of dominantly felsic composition, such as the Whitsunday Province. However, neither term (LIP, SLIP) has been applied to the large granitic batholiths of the world (e.g., Andes) to which both terms are perfectly applicable. LIP has also not been applied to broad areas of contemporaneous basalt magmatism (e.g., Indochina, Mongolia) and sizeable layered mafic intrusions (e.g., Bushveld) which in many significant respects may also be considered to represent 'Large Igneous Provinces'. Here, I suggest that the term LIP is used in its broadest sense and that it should designate igneous provinces with outcrop areas ≥ 50,000 km 2. I propose a simple hierarchical classification of LIPs that is independent of composition, tectonic setting, or emplacement mechanism. I suggest that provinces such as the Deccan and Whitsunday provinces should be called Large Volcanic Provinces (LVPs), whereas large intrusive provinces (mafic-ultramafic intrusions, dyke/sill swarms, granitic batholiths) should be called Large Plutonic Provinces (LPPs). LVPs and LPPs thus together cover all LIPs, which can be felsic, mafic, or ultramafic, of sub-alkalic or alkalic affinity, and emplaced in continental or oceanic settings. LVPs are subdivided here into four groups: (i) the dominantly/wholly mafic Large Basaltic Provinces (LBPs) (e.g., Deccan, Ontong Java); (ii) the dominantly felsic Large Rhyolitic Provinces (LRPs) (e.g., Whitsunday, Sierra Madre Occidental); (iii) the dominantly andesitic Large Andesitic Provinces (LAPs) (e.g., Andes, Indonesia, Cascades), and (iv) the bimodal Large Basaltic-Rhyolitic Provinces (LBRPs) (e.g., Snake River-High Lava Plains). The intrusive equivalents of LRPs are the Large Granitic Provinces (LGPs) (e.g., the Andean batholiths), although an equivalent term for intrusive equivalents of LBPs is not necessary or warranted. The accuracy and usefulness of the terms flood basalt, plateau basalt, and trap are also examined. The largest LBP, LVP, and LIP is, of course, the bulk of the ocean floor. It is contended that the proposed LIP nomenclature and classification will lead to more accurate and precise terminology and hence better understanding of the wide variety of Large Igneous Provinces.

16 CFR 316.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... definition of the term “protected computer” is the same as the definition of that term in the CAN-SPAM Act... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions. 316.2 Section 316.2 Commercial... Definitions. (a) The definition of the term “affirmative consent” is the same as the definition of that term...

16 CFR 316.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... definition of the term “protected computer” is the same as the definition of that term in the CAN-SPAM Act... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definitions. 316.2 Section 316.2 Commercial... Definitions. (a) The definition of the term “affirmative consent” is the same as the definition of that term...

16 CFR 316.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... definition of the term “protected computer” is the same as the definition of that term in the CAN-SPAM Act... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definitions. 316.2 Section 316.2 Commercial... Definitions. (a) The definition of the term “affirmative consent” is the same as the definition of that term...

16 CFR 316.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... definition of the term “protected computer” is the same as the definition of that term in the CAN-SPAM Act... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definitions. 316.2 Section 316.2 Commercial... Definitions. (a) The definition of the term “affirmative consent” is the same as the definition of that term...

The long-term prognostic value of the Q wave criteria for prior myocardial infarction recommended in the universal definition of myocardial infarction.

PubMed

Perino, Alexander C; Soofi, Muhammad; Singh, Nikhil; Aggarwal, Sonya; Froelicher, Victor

2015-01-01

We sought to characterize the prognostic value of the third universal definition of myocardial infarction (UDMI) and ≥40msec Q wave criteria. We evaluated hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cardiovascular (CV) death for computerized Q wave measurements from the electrocardiograms of 43,661 patients collected from 1987 to 1999 at the Palo Alto VA. There were 3929 (9.0%) CV deaths over a mean follow-up of 7.6 (±3.8) years. The risk of CV death for Q waves ≥40msec in any two contiguous leads in any lead group was equivalent to or higher than that for contiguous UDMI Q waves, with HR 2.44 (95% CI 2.15-4.11) and HR 2.42 (95% CI (2.18-3.42), respectively. The UDMI Q wave criteria do not provide an advantage over ≥40msec Q waves at predicting CV death. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.

40 CFR 600.002-85 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... differential (or equivalent) turns for each turn of the drive wheels. (29) “Auxiliary Emission Control Device... miles traveled by an automobile or group of automobiles per gallon of gasoline or diesel fuel consumed as computed in § 600.113 or § 600.207 or (ii) the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy for an...

Circulant Matrices and Affine Equivalence of Monomial Rotation Symmetric Boolean Functions

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

definitions , including monomial rotation symmetric (MRS) Boolean functions and affine equivalence, and a known result for such quadratic functions...degree of the MRS is, we have a similar result as [40, Theorem 1.1] for n = 4p (p prime), or squarefree integers n, which along with our Theorem 5.2

Using the Stimulus Equivalence Paradigm to Teach Course Material in an Undergraduate Rehabilitation Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walker, Brooke D.; Rehfeldt, Ruth Anne; Ninness, Chris

2010-01-01

In 2 experiments, we examined whether the stimulus equivalence instructional paradigm could be used to teach relations among names, definitions, causes, and common treatments for disabilities using a selection-based intraverbal training format. Participants were pre- and posttested on vocal intraverbal relations and were trained using…

42 CFR 136.302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... he or she lives on or near a reservation, is a member of a tribe, band or other organized group... degree of doctor of osteopathy, a degree of bachelor of science in pharmacy or an equivalent degree, a... degree of bachelor of arts, bachelor of science, bachelor of nursing, or to an equivalent degree, or to a...

42 CFR 136.302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... he or she lives on or near a reservation, is a member of a tribe, band or other organized group... degree of doctor of osteopathy, a degree of bachelor of science in pharmacy or an equivalent degree, a... degree of bachelor of arts, bachelor of science, bachelor of nursing, or to an equivalent degree, or to a...

42 CFR 136.302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... he or she lives on or near a reservation, is a member of a tribe, band or other organized group... degree of doctor of osteopathy, a degree of bachelor of science in pharmacy or an equivalent degree, a... degree of bachelor of arts, bachelor of science, bachelor of nursing, or to an equivalent degree, or to a...

42 CFR 136.302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... he or she lives on or near a reservation, is a member of a tribe, band or other organized group... degree of doctor of osteopathy, a degree of bachelor of science in pharmacy or an equivalent degree, a... degree of bachelor of arts, bachelor of science, bachelor of nursing, or to an equivalent degree, or to a...

7 CFR 51.1837 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines Definitions § 51.1837 Classification of...) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit Affecting all segments more than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount...

7 CFR 51.1837 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines Definitions § 51.1837 Classification of...) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit Affecting all segments more than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount...

40 CFR 312.10 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... property but for a street, road, or other public thoroughfare separating the properties. Data gap means: a..., tribe, or U.S. territory (or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico) and have the equivalent of three (3) years... defined in § 312.21 and have the equivalent of three (3) years of full-time relevant experience; or (iii...

Planck Constant Determination from Power Equivalence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Newell, David B.

2000-04-01

Equating mechanical to electrical power links the kilogram, the meter, and the second to the practical realizations of the ohm and the volt derived from the quantum Hall and the Josephson effects, yielding an SI determination of the Planck constant. The NIST watt balance uses this power equivalence principle, and in 1998 measured the Planck constant with a combined relative standard uncertainty of 8.7 x 10-8, the most accurate determination to date. The next generation of the NIST watt balance is now being assembled. Modification to the experimental facilities have been made to reduce the uncertainty components from vibrations and electromagnetic interference. A vacuum chamber has been installed to reduce the uncertainty components associated with performing the experiment in air. Most of the apparatus is in place and diagnostic testing of the balance should begin this year. Once a combined relative standard uncertainty of one part in 10-8 has been reached, the power equivalence principle can be used to monitor the possible drift in the artifact mass standard, the kilogram, and provide an accurate alternative definition of mass in terms of fundamental constants. *Electricity Division, Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory, Technology Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. Contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, not subject to copyright in the U.S.

7 CFR 245.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... family shall be required to supply an equivalent value in work for the school or the school's food... SCHOOLS § 245.2 Definitions. Adult means any individual 21 years of age or older. Commodity school means a school which does not participate in the National School Lunch Program under part 210 of this chapter...

9 CFR 205.202 - “Effective financing statement” or EFS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Uniform Commercial Code (or equivalent document under future successor State law), but can be an entirely separate document meeting the definition in (c)(4). Note that (c)(4) contains a comprehensive definition of... State allows electronic filing of financing statements without the signature of the debtor under...

9 CFR 205.202 - “Effective financing statement” or EFS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Uniform Commercial Code (or equivalent document under future successor State law), but can be an entirely separate document meeting the definition in (c)(4). Note that (c)(4) contains a comprehensive definition of... State allows electronic filing of financing statements without the signature of the debtor under...

Geometric interpretation of vertex operator algebras.

PubMed Central

Huang, Y Z

1991-01-01

In this paper, Vafa's approach to the formulation of conformal field theories is combined with the formal calculus developed in Frenkel, Lepowsky, and Meurman's work on the vertex operator construction of the Monster to give a geometric definition of vertex operator algebras. The main result announced is the equivalence between this definition and the algebraic one in the sense that the categories determined by these definitions are isomorphic. PMID:11607240

Food Service Technical Terms. English-Spanish Lexicon.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shin, Masako T.

This English-Spanish lexicon presents food service technical terms. The terms are divided into seven categories: basic food items, common baking terms, food cutting terms, general cooking terms, non-English culinary terms, and tools and equipment. Each English word or term is followed by its Spanish equivalent(s). (YLB)

7 CFR 51.1175 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Definitions § 51.1175 Classification of defects. Table I Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious... mushy condition Affecting all segments more than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of... 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other...

7 CFR 51.784 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Definitions § 51.784 Classification of defects. Table I Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious.../4 inch (6.4 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit Affecting all segments more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of...

7 CFR 51.784 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Definitions § 51.784 Classification of defects. Table I Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious.../4 inch (6.4 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit Affecting all segments more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of...

7 CFR 51.1175 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Definitions § 51.1175 Classification of defects. Table I Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious... mushy condition Affecting all segments more than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of... 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other...

Objective classification of historical tropical cyclone intensity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chenoweth, Michael

2007-03-01

Preinstrumental records of historical tropical cyclone activity require objective methods for accurately categorizing tropical cyclone intensity. Here wind force terms and damage reports from newspaper accounts in the Lesser Antilles and Jamaica for the period 1795-1879 are compared with wind speed estimates calculated from barometric pressure data. A total of 95 separate barometric pressure readings and colocated simultaneous wind force descriptors and wind-induced damage reports are compared. The wind speed estimates from barometric pressure data are taken as the most reliable and serve as a standard to compare against other data. Wind-induced damage reports are used to produce an estimated wind speed range using a modified Fujita scale. Wind force terms are compared with the barometric pressure data to determine if a gale, as used in the contemporary newspapers, is consistent with the modern definition of a gale. Results indicate that the modern definition of a gale (the threshold point separating the classification of a tropical depression from a tropical storm) is equivalent to that in contemporary newspaper accounts. Barometric pressure values are consistent with both reported wind force terms and wind damage on land when the location, speed and direction of movement of the tropical cyclone are determined. Damage reports and derived wind force estimates are consistent with other published results. Biases in ships' logbooks are confirmed and wind force terms of gale strength or greater are identified. These results offer a bridge between the earlier noninstrumental records of tropical cyclones and modern records thereby offering a method of consistently classifying storms in the Caribbean region into tropical depressions, tropical storms, nonmajor and major hurricanes.

30 CFR 204.2 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES FOR MARGINAL PROPERTIES General Provisions § 204.2 What definitions apply to this... preceding the calendar year for which you take or request marginal property relief. For example, if you... equivalent production means the total of all oil and gas production for the marginal property, stated in BOE...

47 CFR 20.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... pending pursuant to section 332(c)(1)(B) of the Communications Act, 47 U.S.C. 332(c)(1)(B). A mobile... 47 Telecommunication 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Definitions. 20.3 Section 20.3... effectively available to a substantial portion of the public; or (b) The functional equivalent of such a...

Oxygen saturation profile of term equivalent extreme preterm infants at discharge - comparison with healthy term counterparts.

PubMed

Rath, Chandra; Kluckow, Martin

2016-03-01

Compare the oxygen saturation profiles before discharge of neonates born extremely preterm (<28 weeks), now at term equivalent age, with healthy term neonates and assess the impact of feeding on this profile in each group. We prospectively evaluated and compared the oxygen saturation profile in 15 very low birthweight infants at term equivalent age, ready to be discharged home without any oxygen and 15 term newborns after 48 hours of life. We also evaluated and compared the saturations of these two groups during a one-hour period during and after feeding. Term equivalent preterm and term infants spent median 3% and 0%, respectively, of the time below 90% in a 12-hour saturation-recording period. Term infants spent a median 0.26% and 0.65% of the time in <90% saturation during feed time and no feed time, respectively. In contrast, preterm infants spent significantly more time <90% saturation (3.47% and 3.5% during feed time and no feed time, respectively). Term equivalent preterm infants spent significantly more time in a saturation range <90% compared to term infants. Feeding had little effect on saturation profile overall within each group. ©2015 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

13 CFR 107.50 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definition of terms. 107.50... COMPANIES Definition of Terms Used in Part 107 § 107.50 Definition of terms. Accumulated Prioritized... Associate described in paragraph (1) or (2) of this definition. (4) Any Person that directly or indirectly...

Folate bioavailability from foods rich in folates assessed in a short term human study using stable isotope dilution assays.

PubMed

Mönch, Sabine; Netzel, Michael; Netzel, Gabriele; Ott, Undine; Frank, Thomas; Rychlik, Michael

2015-01-01

Different sources of folate may have different bioavailability and hence may impact the standard definition of folate equivalents. In order to examine this, a short term human study was undertaken to evaluate the relative native folate bioavailabilities from spinach, Camembert cheese and wheat germs compared to pteroylmonoglutamic acid as the reference dose. The study had a single-centre, randomised, four-treatment, four-period, four-sequence, cross-over design, i.e. the four (food) items to be tested (referred to as treatments) were administered in sequences according to the Latin square, so that each experimental treatment occurred only once within each sequence and once within each study period. Each of the 24 subjects received the four experimental items separated by a 14-day equilibrium phase and received a pteroylmonoglutamic acid supplement for 14 days before the first testing and between the testings for saturation of body pools. Folates in test foods, plasma and urine samples were determined by stable isotope dilution assays, and in urine and plasma, the concentrations of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate were evaluated. Standard non-compartmental methods were applied to determine the biokinetic parameters C(max), t(max) and AUC from baseline corrected 5-methyltetrahydrofolate concentrations within the interval from 0 to 12 hours. The variability of AUC and C(max) was moderate for spinach and oral solution of pteroylmonoglutamic acid but high for Camembert cheese and very high for wheat germs. The median t(max) was lowest for spinach, though t(max) showed a high variability among all treatments. When comparing the ratio estimates of AUC and C(max) for the different test foods, highest bioavailability was found for spinach followed by that for wheat germs and Camembert cheese. The results underline the dependence of folate bioavailability on the type of food ingested. Therefore, the general assumption of 50% bioavailability as the rationale behind the definition of folate equivalents has to be questioned and requires further investigation.

An experimental overview of the seismic cycle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spagnuolo, E.; Violay, M.; Passelegue, F. X.; Nielsen, S. B.; Di Toro, G.

2017-12-01

Earthquake nucleation is the last stage of the inter-seismic cycle where the fault surface evolves through the interplay of friction, healing, stress perturbations and strain events. Slip stability under rate-and state friction has been extensively discussed in terms of loading point velocity and equivalent fault stiffness, but fault evolution towards seismic runaway under complex loading histories (e.g. slow variations of tectonic stress, stress transfer from impulsive nearby seismic events) is not yet fully investigated. Nevertheless, the short term earthquake forecasting is based precisely on a relation between seismic productivity and loading history which remains up to date still largely unresolved. To this end we propose a novel experimental approach which avails of a closed loop control of the shear stress, a nominally infinite equivalent slip and transducers for continuous monitoring of acoustic emissions. This experimental simulation allows us to study the stress dependency and temporal evolution of spontaneous slip events occurring on a pre-existing fault subjected to different loading histories. The experimental fault has an initial roughness which mimic a population of randomly distributed asperities, which here are used as a proxy for patches which are either far or close to failure on an extended fault. Our observations suggest that the increase of shear stress may trigger either spontaneous slow slip (creep) or short-lived stick-slip bursts, eventually leading to a fast slip instability (seismic runaway) when slip rates are larger than a few cm/s. The event type and the slip rate are regulated at first order by the background shear stress whereas the ultimate strength of the entire fault is dominated by the number of asperities close to failure under a stress step. The extrapolation of these results to natural conditions might explain the plethora of events that often characterize seismic sequences. Nonetheless this experimental approach helps the definition of a scaling relation between the loading rate and cumulated slip which is relevant to the definition of a recurrence model for the seismic cycle.

Electrothermal Equivalent Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Model of a Single Neuron.

PubMed

Cinelli, Ilaria; Destrade, Michel; Duffy, Maeve; McHugh, Peter

2018-06-01

We propose a novel approach for modelling the interdependence of electrical and mechanical phenomena in nervous cells, by using electrothermal equivalences in finite element (FE) analysis so that existing thermomechanical tools can be applied. First, the equivalence between electrical and thermal properties of the nerve materials is established, and results of a pure heat conduction analysis performed in Abaqus CAE Software 6.13-3 are validated with analytical solutions for a range of steady and transient conditions. This validation includes the definition of equivalent active membrane properties that enable prediction of the action potential. Then, as a step toward fully coupled models, electromechanical coupling is implemented through the definition of equivalent piezoelectric properties of the nerve membrane using the thermal expansion coefficient, enabling prediction of the mechanical response of the nerve to the action potential. Results of the coupled electromechanical model are validated with previously published experimental results of deformation for squid giant axon, crab nerve fibre, and garfish olfactory nerve fibre. A simplified coupled electromechanical modelling approach is established through an electrothermal equivalent FE model of a nervous cell for biomedical applications. One of the key findings is the mechanical characterization of the neural activity in a coupled electromechanical domain, which provides insights into the electromechanical behaviour of nervous cells, such as thinning of the membrane. This is a first step toward modelling three-dimensional electromechanical alteration induced by trauma at nerve bundle, tissue, and organ levels.

30 CFR 62.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 85 dBA, or equivalently a dose of 50%, integrating all sound levels from 80 dBA to at least 130 dBA... Protection Level. A TWA8 of 105 dBA, or equivalently, a dose of 800% of that permitted by the standard, integrating all sound levels from 90 dBA to at least 140 dBA. Exchange rate. The amount of increase in sound...

30 CFR 62.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 85 dBA, or equivalently a dose of 50%, integrating all sound levels from 80 dBA to at least 130 dBA... Protection Level. A TWA8 of 105 dBA, or equivalently, a dose of 800% of that permitted by the standard, integrating all sound levels from 90 dBA to at least 140 dBA. Exchange rate. The amount of increase in sound...

16 CFR 316.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... or general partnership, corporation, or other business entity. (i) The definition of the term... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 316.2 Section 316.2 Commercial... Definitions. (a) The definition of the term “affirmative consent” is the same as the definition of that term...

Recommendations for Sense and Avoid Policy Compliance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

Since unmanned aircraft do not have a human on board, they need to have a sense and avoid capability that provides an "equivalent level of safety" (ELOS) to manned aircraft. The question then becomes - is sense and avoid ELOS for unmanned aircraft adequate to satisfy the requirements of 14 CFR 91.113? Access 5 has proposed a definition of sense and avoid, but the question remains as to whether any sense and avoid system can comply with 14 CFR 91.113 as currently written. The Access 5 definition of sense and avoid ELOS allows for the development of a sense and avoid system for unmanned aircraft that would comply with 14 CFR 91.113. Compliance is based on sensing and avoiding other traffic at an equivalent level of safety for collision avoidance, as manned aircraft. No changes to Part 91 are necessary, with the possible exception of changing "see" to "sense," or obtaining an interpretation from the FAA General Counsel that "sense" is equivalent to "see."

On the equivalence among stress tensors in a gauge-fluid system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitra, Arpan Krishna; Banerjee, Rabin; Ghosh, Subir

2017-12-01

In this paper, we bring out the subtleties involved in the study of a first-order relativistic field theory with auxiliary field variables playing an essential role. In particular, we discuss the nonisentropic Eulerian (or Hamiltonian) fluid model. Interactions are introduced by coupling the fluid to a dynamical Maxwell (U(1)) gauge field. This dynamical nature of the gauge field is crucial in showing the equivalence, on the physical subspace, of the stress tensor derived from two definitions, i.e. the canonical (Noether) one and the symmetric one. In the conventional equal-time formalism, we have shown that the generators of the space-time transformations obtained from these two definitions agree modulo the Gauss constraint. This equivalence in the physical sector has been achieved only because of the dynamical nature of the gauge fields. Subsequently, we have explicitly demonstrated the validity of the Schwinger condition. A detailed analysis of the model in lightcone formalism has also been done where several interesting features are revealed.

77 FR 26607 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Electric Motors and Small Electric Motors

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-04

... frame that is not necessarily a NEMA- equivalent but otherwise covered under EISA 2007) that is June 4.... Definition of NEMA Design B Motors E. Fire Pump Motors Definition F. Fire Pump Motor Coverage G. Energy... provisions designed to improve appliance and commercial equipment energy efficiency. (All references to EPCA...

7 CFR 810.1802 - Definition of other terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definition of other terms. 810.1802 Section 810.1802... GRAIN United States Standards for Sunflower Seed Terms Defined § 810.1802 Definition of other terms. (a) Cultivated sunflower seed. Sunflower seed grown for oil content. The term seed in this and other definitions...

7 CFR 810.1802 - Definition of other terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definition of other terms. 810.1802 Section 810.1802... GRAIN United States Standards for Sunflower Seed Terms Defined § 810.1802 Definition of other terms. (a) Cultivated sunflower seed. Sunflower seed grown for oil content. The term seed in this and other definitions...

NASA thesaurus. Volume 3: Definitions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

Publication of NASA Thesaurus definitions began with Supplement 1 to the 1985 NASA Thesaurus. The definitions given here represent the complete file of over 3,200 definitions, complimented by nearly 1,000 use references. Definitions of more common or general scientific terms are given a NASA slant if one exists. Certain terms are not defined as a matter of policy: common names, chemical elements, specific models of computers, and nontechnical terms. The NASA Thesaurus predates by a number of years the systematic effort to define terms, therefore not all Thesaurus terms have been defined. Nevertheless, definitions of older terms are continually being added. The following data are provided for each entry: term in uppercase/lowercase form, definition, source, and year the term (not the definition) was added to the NASA Thesaurus. The NASA History Office is the authority for capitalization in satellite and spacecraft names. Definitions with no source given were constructed by lexicographers at the NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Facility who rely on the following sources for their information: experts in the field, literature searches from the NASA STI database, and specialized references.

A Monte Carlo study of the impact of the choice of rectum volume definition on estimates of equivalent uniform doses and the volume parameter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kvinnsland, Yngve; Muren, Ludvig Paul; Dahl, Olav

2004-08-01

Calculations of normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) values for the rectum are difficult because it is a hollow, non-rigid, organ. Finding the true cumulative dose distribution for a number of treatment fractions requires a CT scan before each treatment fraction. This is labour intensive, and several surrogate distributions have therefore been suggested, such as dose wall histograms, dose surface histograms and histograms for the solid rectum, with and without margins. In this study, a Monte Carlo method is used to investigate the relationships between the cumulative dose distributions based on all treatment fractions and the above-mentioned histograms that are based on one CT scan only, in terms of equivalent uniform dose. Furthermore, the effect of a specific choice of histogram on estimates of the volume parameter of the probit NTCP model was investigated. It was found that the solid rectum and the rectum wall histograms (without margins) gave equivalent uniform doses with an expected value close to the values calculated from the cumulative dose distributions in the rectum wall. With the number of patients available in this study the standard deviations of the estimates of the volume parameter were large, and it was not possible to decide which volume gave the best estimates of the volume parameter, but there were distinct differences in the mean values of the values obtained.

26 CFR 1.79-0 - Group-term life insurance-definitions of certain terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Group-term life insurance-definitions of certain....79-0 Group-term life insurance—definitions of certain terms. The following definitions apply for... policy of life insurance is “carried directly or indirectly” by an employer if— (a) The employer pays any...

26 CFR 1.79-0 - Group-term life insurance-definitions of certain terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Group-term life insurance-definitions of certain....79-0 Group-term life insurance—definitions of certain terms. The following definitions apply for... policy of life insurance is “carried directly or indirectly” by an employer if— (a) The employer pays any...

Does retrieval practice enhance learning and transfer relative to restudy for term-definition facts?

PubMed

Pan, Steven C; Rickard, Timothy C

2017-09-01

In many pedagogical contexts, term-definition facts that link a concept term (e.g., "vision") with its corresponding definition (e.g., "the ability to see") are learned. Does retrieval practice involving retrieval of the term (given the definition) or the definition (given the term) enhance subsequent recall, relative to restudy of the entire fact? Moreover, does any benefit of retrieval practice for the term transfer to later recall of the definition, or vice versa? We addressed those questions in 4 experiments. In each, subjects first studied term-definition facts and then trained on two thirds of the facts using multiple-choice tests with feedback. Half of the test questions involved recalling terms; the other half involved recalling definitions. The remaining facts were either not trained (Experiment 1) or restudied (Experiments 2-4). A 48-hr delayed multiple-choice (Experiments 1-2) or short answer (Experiments 3a-4) final test assessed recall of all terms or all definitions. Replicating and extending prior research, retrieval practice yielded improved recall and positive transfer relative to no training. Relative to restudy, however, retrieval practice consistently enhanced subsequent term retrieval, enhanced subsequent definition retrieval only after repeated practice, and consistently yielded at best minimal positive transfer in either direction. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Trajectories of general movements from birth to term-equivalent age in infants born <30 weeks' gestation.

PubMed

Olsen, Joy E; Brown, Nisha C; Eeles, Abbey L; Lee, Katherine J; Anderson, Peter J; Cheong, Jeanie L Y; Doyle, Lex W; Spittle, Alicia J

2015-12-01

General movements (GMs) is an assessment with good predictive validity for neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. However, there is limited information describing the early GMs of very preterm infants, particularly prior to term. To describe the early GMs trajectory of very preterm infants (born <30weeks' gestation) from birth to term-equivalent age, and to assess the influence of known perinatal risk factors on GMs. Prospective cohort study. 149 very preterm infants born <30weeks' gestation. GMs were recorded weekly from birth until 32weeks' postmenstrual age, and then fortnightly until 38weeks' postmenstrual age. GMs were also assessed at term-equivalent age. Detailed perinatal data were collected. Of 669 GMs assessed, 551 were preterm and 118 were at term-equivalent age. Prior to term, 15% (n=82) of GMs were normal and 85% (n=469) were abnormal, with the proportion of abnormal GMs decreasing with increasing postmenstrual age (p for trend <0.001). By term-equivalent 30% (n=35) of GMs were normal. On univariable analysis, lower gestational age (p<0.001), postnatal infection (p<0.001) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (p=0.001) were associated with abnormal GMs. Postnatal infection was the only independent perinatal association with abnormal GMs on multivariable analysis. All four infants with grade III/IV intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) had persistently abnormal GMs. GMs were predominantly abnormal in very preterm infants, with a higher proportion of normal GMs at term-equivalent age than prior to term. Abnormal GMs were associated with postnatal infection and IVH. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Special Application of Absolute Value Techniques in Authentic Problem Solving

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stupel, Moshe

2013-01-01

There are at least five different equivalent definitions of the absolute value concept. In instances where the task is an equation or inequality with only one or two absolute value expressions, it is a worthy educational experience for learners to solve the task using each one of the definitions. On the other hand, if more than two absolute value…

40 CFR 421.91 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... STANDARDS NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Metallurgical Acid Plants Subcategory § 421... percent equivalent sulfuric acid, H2 SO4 capacity. [50 FR 38342, Sept. 20, 1985] ...

Defining local-regional control and its importance in locally advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma.

PubMed

Machtay, Mitchell; Paulus, Rebecca; Moughan, Jennifer; Komaki, Ritsuko; Bradley, J Effrey; Choy, Hak; Albain, Kathy; Movsas, Benjamin; Sause, William T; Curran, Walter J

2012-04-01

Local-regional control (LRC) rates for non-small cell lung cancer after chemoradiotherapy were studied (using two different definitions of LRC) for the association between LRC and survival. Seven legacy Radiation Therapy Ooncology Group trials of chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer were analyzed. Two different definitions of LRC were studied: (1) freedom from local progression (FFLP-LRC), the traditional Radiation Therapy Oncology Group methodology, in which a failure is intrathoracic tumor progression by World Health Oorganization criteria; and (2) response-mandatory (strict-LRC), in which any patient not achieving at least partial response was considered to have failure at day 0. Testing for associations between LRC and survival was performed using a Cox multivariate model that included other potential predictive factors. A total of 1390 patients were analyzed. The LRC rate at 3 years was 38% based on the FFLP-LRC definition and 14% based on the strict-LRC definition. Performance status, concurrent chemotherapy, and radiotherapy dose intensity (biologically equivalent dose) were associated with better LRC (using either definition). With the strict-LRC definition (but not FFLP-LRC), age was also important. There was a powerful association between LRC and overall survival (p, 0.0001) on univariate and multivariate analyses. Age, performance status, chemotherapy sequencing, and biologically equivalent dose were also significantly associated with survival. Histology and gender were also significant if the strict-LRC model was used. LRC is associated with survival. The definition of LRC affects the results of these analyses. A consensus definition of LRC, incorporating functional imaging and/or central review, is needed, with the possibility of using LRC as a surrogate end point in future trials.

Test of the Equivalence Principle in an Einstein Elevator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shapiro, Irwin I.

2002-01-01

The scientific goal of the experiment is to test the equality of gravitational and inertial mass (i.e., to test the Principle of Equivalence) by measuring the independence of the rate of fall of bodies from the composition of the falling body. The measurement is accomplished by measuring the relative displacement (or equivalently acceleration) of two falling bodies of different materials which are the proof masses of a differential accelerometer. The goal of the experiment is to measure the Eotvos ratio delta-g/g (differential acceleration/common acceleration) with an accuracy goal of a few parts in 10(exp 15). The estimated accuracy is about two orders of magnitude better than the present state of the art. The experiment is a null experiment in which a result different from zero will indicate a violation of the Equivalence Principle. The main goal of the study to be carried out under this grant is the flight definition of the experiment and bread boarding of critical components of the experiment that will enable us to be ready for the following phases of the project. The project involves an international cooperation in which the responsibility of the US side is the flight definition of the experimental facility while the responsibility of the non-US partners is the flight definition and laboratory prototyping of the differential acceleration detector. In summary, the experiment to be designed is for taking differential acceleration measurements with a high-sensitivity detector (the sensor) during free fall conditions lasting up to 30 s in a disturbance-free acceleration environment. The experiment strategy consists in letting the sensor free fall inside a few meters long (in the vertical direction) evacuated capsule that is falling simultaneously in the rarefied atmosphere after release from a helium balloon flying at a stratospheric altitude.

17 CFR 244.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... registrant's historical or future financial performance, financial position or cash flows that: (i) Excludes... income, balance sheet or statement of cash flows (or equivalent statements) of the issuer; or (ii...

17 CFR 244.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... registrant's historical or future financial performance, financial position or cash flows that: (i) Excludes... income, balance sheet or statement of cash flows (or equivalent statements) of the issuer; or (ii...

Bringing Definitions into High Definition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mason, John

2010-01-01

Why do definitions play such a central role in mathematics? It may seem obvious that precision about the terms one uses is necessary in order to use those terms reasonably (while reasoning). Definitions are chosen so as to be definite about the terms one uses, but also to make both the statement of, and the reasoning to justify, theorems as…

48 CFR 1602.170 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Definition of terms. 1602.170 Section 1602.170 Federal Acquisition Regulations System OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL DEFINITIONS OF WORDS AND TERMS Definitions of FEHBP...

48 CFR 1602.170 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Definition of terms. 1602.170 Section 1602.170 Federal Acquisition Regulations System OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL DEFINITIONS OF WORDS AND TERMS Definitions of FEHBP...

48 CFR 1602.170 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definition of terms. 1602.170 Section 1602.170 Federal Acquisition Regulations System OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL DEFINITIONS OF WORDS AND TERMS Definitions of FEHBP...

48 CFR 1602.170 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Definition of terms. 1602.170 Section 1602.170 Federal Acquisition Regulations System OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL DEFINITIONS OF WORDS AND TERMS Definitions of FEHBP...

48 CFR 1602.170 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Definition of terms. 1602.170 Section 1602.170 Federal Acquisition Regulations System OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL DEFINITIONS OF WORDS AND TERMS Definitions of FEHBP...

Topology optimization in acoustics and elasto-acoustics via a level-set method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Desai, J.; Faure, A.; Michailidis, G.; Parry, G.; Estevez, R.

2018-04-01

Optimizing the shape and topology (S&T) of structures to improve their acoustic performance is quite challenging. The exact position of the structural boundary is usually of critical importance, which dictates the use of geometric methods for topology optimization instead of standard density approaches. The goal of the present work is to investigate different possibilities for handling topology optimization problems in acoustics and elasto-acoustics via a level-set method. From a theoretical point of view, we detail two equivalent ways to perform the derivation of surface-dependent terms and propose a smoothing technique for treating problems of boundary conditions optimization. In the numerical part, we examine the importance of the surface-dependent term in the shape derivative, neglected in previous studies found in the literature, on the optimal designs. Moreover, we test different mesh adaptation choices, as well as technical details related to the implicit surface definition in the level-set approach. We present results in two and three-space dimensions.

5 CFR 630.201 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... with the employee is the equivalent of a family relationship. Health care provider has the meaning... Code, applies. Family member means the following relatives of the employee: (1) Spouse, and parents...

42 CFR 66.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... level in a program leading to the award of a doctor of philosophy of science, or equivalent degree. For... individuals holding a doctor of philosophy, science, medicine, dentistry, osteopathy, optometry, podiatry...

42 CFR 66.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... level in a program leading to the award of a doctor of philosophy of science, or equivalent degree. For... individuals holding a doctor of philosophy, science, medicine, dentistry, osteopathy, optometry, podiatry...

42 CFR 66.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... level in a program leading to the award of a doctor of philosophy of science, or equivalent degree. For... individuals holding a doctor of philosophy, science, medicine, dentistry, osteopathy, optometry, podiatry...

23 CFR 1275.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... in actual physical control of a motor vehicle while having an alcohol concentration above the permitted limit as established by each State, or an equivalent non-BAC intoxicated driving offense. (d...

40 CFR 63.621 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... phosphorus, expressed as phosphorous pentoxide, fed to the process. Equivalent P 2O5 stored means the quantity of phosphorus, expressed as phosphorus pentoxide, being cured or stored in the affected facility...

40 CFR 63.621 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... phosphorus, expressed as phosphorous pentoxide, fed to the process. Equivalent P 2O5 stored means the quantity of phosphorus, expressed as phosphorus pentoxide, being cured or stored in the affected facility...

45 CFR 2510.20 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... associate degree or its equivalent and who has not completed high-school but who excelled academically in high-school, documentation that the student excelled academically in high-school and has met the...

34 CFR 600.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... associate degree or its equivalent and who has not completed high school but who excelled academically in high school, documentation that the student excelled academically in high school and has met the...

Circuital characterisation of space-charge motion with a time-varying applied bias

PubMed Central

Kim, Chul; Moon, Eun-Yi; Hwang, Jungho; Hong, Hiki

2015-01-01

Understanding the behaviour of space-charge between two electrodes is important for a number of applications. The Shockley-Ramo theorem and equivalent circuit models are useful for this; however, fundamental questions of the microscopic nature of the space-charge remain, including the meaning of capacitance and its evolution into a bulk property. Here we show that the microscopic details of the space-charge in terms of resistance and capacitance evolve in a parallel topology to give the macroscopic behaviour via a charge-based circuit or electric-field-based circuit. We describe two approaches to this problem, both of which are based on energy conservation: the energy-to-current transformation rule, and an energy-equivalence-based definition of capacitance. We identify a significant capacitive current due to the rate of change of the capacitance. Further analysis shows that Shockley-Ramo theorem does not apply with a time-varying applied bias, and an additional electric-field-based current is identified to describe the resulting motion of the space-charge. Our results and approach provide a facile platform for a comprehensive understanding of the behaviour of space-charge between electrodes. PMID:26133999

The Copula and Subject Complement Construction in English and Its Equivalents in Finnish. Contrastive Papers: Jyvaskyla Contrastive Studies, 4. Reports from the Department of English, No. 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hamalainen, Eila

This paper discusses subject-verb-complement (SVC) clauses and their renderings in English and Finnish. Comparisons are made on the level of surface structure and with regard to equivalence in the sense of one construction being an optimum translation of the other. The definition of congruence, i.e., formal similarity and equal number of…

Nonequivalence of two flavors of oblivious transfer at the quantum level

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

He Guangping; Wang, Z. D.; Department of Physics and Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong

2006-04-15

Though all-or-nothing oblivious transfer and one-out-of-two oblivious transfer are equivalent in classical cryptography, we here show that a protocol built upon secure quantum all-or-nothing oblivious transfer cannot satisfy the rigorous definition of quantum one-out-of-two oblivious transfer due to the nature of quantum cryptography. Thus the securities of the two oblivious transfer protocols are not equivalent at the quantum level.

17 CFR 150.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... (f) Futures-equivalent means an option contract which has been adjusted by the previous day's risk factor, or delta coefficient, for that option which has been calculated at the close of trading and...

17 CFR 150.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... (f) Futures-equivalent means an option contract which has been adjusted by the previous day's risk factor, or delta coefficient, for that option which has been calculated at the close of trading and...

"Convenience Food."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lemieux, Colette

1980-01-01

Defines the meaning of the American expression "convenience food," quoting definitions given by dictionaries and specialized publications. Discusses the problem of finding the exact equivalent of this expression in French, and recommends some acceptable translations. (MES)

33 CFR 62.3 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definition of terms. 62.3 Section... UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM General § 62.3 Definition of terms. Certain terms as used in this... warn of dangers or obstructions to navigation. (b) Commerce. The term commerce, in addition to general...

Shared decision making in the medical encounter: are we all talking about the same thing?

PubMed

Moumjid, Nora; Gafni, Amiram; Brémond, Alain; Carrère, Marie-Odile

2007-01-01

This article aims to explore 1) whether after all the research done on shared decision making (SDM) in the medical encounter, a clear definition (or definitions) of SDM exists; 2) whether authors provide a definition of SDM when they use the term; 3) and whether authors are consistent, throughout a given paper, with respect to the research described and the definition they propose or cite. The authors searched different databases (Medline, HealthStar, Cinahl, Cancerlit, Sociological Abstracts, and Econlit) from 1997 to December 2004. The keywords used were informed decision making and shared decision making as these are the keywords more often encountered in the literature. The languages selected were English and French. The 76 reported papers show that 1) several authors clearly define what they mean by SDM or by another closely related phrase, such as informed shared decision making. 2) About a third of the papers reviewed (25/76) cite these authors although 8 of them do not use the term in a manner consistent with the definition cited. 3) Certain authors use the term SDM inconsistently with the definition they propose, and some use the terms informed decision making and SDM as if they were synonymous. 4) Twenty-one papers do not provide or cite any definition, or their use of the term (i.e., SDM) is not consistent with the definition they provide. Although several clear definitions of shared decision making have been proposed, they are cited by only about a third of the papers reviewed. In the other papers, authors refer to the term without specifying or citing a definition or use the term inconsistently with their definition. This is a problem because having a clear definition of the concept and following this definition are essential to guide and focus research. Authors should use the term consistently with the identified definition.

A global, comprehensive review of literature related to paper recycling: A pressing need for a uniform system of terms and definitions.

PubMed

Ervasti, Ilpo; Miranda, Ruben; Kauranen, Ilkka

2016-02-01

A global, comprehensive review of terms and definitions related to paper recycling was conducted in this article. Terms and definitions related to paper recycling have varied in the course of time. Different terms and different definitions for the same thing are being used in different geographical regions and by different organizations. Definitions are different based on varying conceptions of waste paper as a raw material. Definitions of how to make various calculations related to paper recycling activity are inconsistent. Even such fundamental basic definitions like how to calculate recycling rate and paper consumption are not uniform. It could be concluded that there is no uniform system of terms and definitions related to paper recycling and the implications of this deficiency are profound. For example, it is difficult to reliably compare with each other statistics from different times and from different geographical regions. It is not possible to measure if targets for recycling activities are met if the terms describing the targets are not uniformly defined. In cases of reporting data for recycling targets, the lack of uniform terminology can, for example, impede the necessary transparency between different stakeholders and may allow for deception. The authors conclude there is a pressing need to develop a uniform system of terms and definition for terms related to paper recycling. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

41 CFR 61-250.2 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... institutes and junior colleges, or through equivalent on-the-job training. Includes: Computer programmers and... (medical, dental, electronic, physical science), and kindred workers. (iv) Sales means occupations engaging...

41 CFR 61-250.2 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... institutes and junior colleges, or through equivalent on-the-job training. Includes: Computer programmers and... (medical, dental, electronic, physical science), and kindred workers. (iv) Sales means occupations engaging...

41 CFR 61-250.2 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... institutes and junior colleges, or through equivalent on-the-job training. Includes: Computer programmers and... (medical, dental, electronic, physical science), and kindred workers. (iv) Sales means occupations engaging...

41 CFR 61-250.2 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... institutes and junior colleges, or through equivalent on-the-job training. Includes: Computer programmers and... (medical, dental, electronic, physical science), and kindred workers. (iv) Sales means occupations engaging...

41 CFR 61-250.2 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... institutes and junior colleges, or through equivalent on-the-job training. Includes: Computer programmers and... (medical, dental, electronic, physical science), and kindred workers. (iv) Sales means occupations engaging...

The concept of temperature in space plasmas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Livadiotis, G.

2017-12-01

Independently of the initial distribution function, once the system is thermalized, its particles are stabilized into a specific distribution function parametrized by a temperature. Classical particle systems in thermal equilibrium have their phase-space distribution stabilized into a Maxwell-Boltzmann function. In contrast, space plasmas are particle systems frequently described by stationary states out of thermal equilibrium, namely, their distribution is stabilized into a function that is typically described by kappa distributions. The temperature is well-defined for systems at thermal equilibrium or stationary states described by kappa distributions. This is based on the equivalence of the two fundamental definitions of temperature, that is (i) the kinetic definition of Maxwell (1866) and (ii) the thermodynamic definition of Clausius (1862). This equivalence holds either for Maxwellians or kappa distributions, leading also to the equipartition theorem. The temperature and kappa index (together with density) are globally independent parameters characterizing the kappa distribution. While there is no equation of state or any universal relation connecting these parameters, various local relations may exist along the streamlines of space plasmas. Observations revealed several types of such local relations among plasma thermal parameters.

Expert perspectives on Western European prison health services: do ageing prisoners receive equivalent care?

PubMed

Bretschneider, Wiebke; Elger, Bernice Simone

2014-09-01

Health care in prison and particularly the health care of older prisoners are increasingly important topics due to the growth of the ageing prisoner population. The aim of this paper is to gain insight into the approaches used in the provision of equivalent health care to ageing prisoners and to confront the intuitive definition of equivalent care and the practical and ethical challenges that have been experienced by individuals working in this field. Forty interviews took place with experts working in the prison setting from three Western European countries to discover their views on prison health care. Experts indicated that the provision of equivalent care in prison is difficult mostly due to four factors: variability of care in different prisons, gatekeeper systems, lack of personnel, and delays in providing access. This lack of equivalence can be fixed by allocating adequate budgets and developing standards for health care in prison.

Preterm and term-equivalent age general movements and 1-year neurodevelopmental outcomes for infants born before 30 weeks' gestation.

PubMed

Olsen, Joy E; Allinson, Leesa G; Doyle, Lex W; Brown, Nisha C; Lee, Katherine J; Eeles, Abbey L; Cheong, Jeanie L Y; Spittle, Alicia J

2018-01-01

To examine the associations between Prechtl's General Movements Assessment (GMA), conducted from birth to term-equivalent age, and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months corrected age, in infants born very preterm. One hundred and thirty-seven infants born before 30 weeks' gestation had serial GMA (categorized as 'normal' or 'abnormal') before term and at term-equivalent age. At 12 months corrected age, neurodevelopment was assessed using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS); Neurological, Sensory, Motor, Developmental Assessment (NSMDA); and Touwen Infant Neurological Examination (TINE). The relationships between GMA at four time points and 12-month neurodevelopmental assessments were examined using regression models. Abnormal GMA at all time points were associated with worse continuous scores on the AIMS, NSMDA, and TINE (p<0.05). Abnormal GMA before term and at term-equivalent age were associated with increased odds of mild-severe dysfunction on the NSMDA (odds ratio [OR] 4.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.55-11.71, p<0.01; and OR 4.16, 95% CI 1.55-11.17, p<0.01 respectively) and abnormal GMA before term with increased odds of suboptimal-abnormal motor function on the TINE (OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.10-6.85, p=0.03). Abnormal GMA before term and at term-equivalent age were associated with worse neurodevelopment at 12 months corrected age in children born very preterm. Abnormal general movements before term predict developmental deficits at 1 year in infants born very preterm. General Movements Assessment before term identifies at-risk infants born very preterm. © 2017 Mac Keith Press.

46 CFR 1.03-10 - Definition of terms used in this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Definition of terms used in this subpart. (a) The term recognized classification society means the American Bureau of Shipping or other classification society recognized by the Commandant. (b) The term new vessel... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definition of terms used in this subpart. 1.03-10...

45 CFR 60.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... its subdivision, a Board of Dentistry or its subdivision, or an equivalent body as determined by the... practice dentistry by a State (or who, without authority, holds himself or herself out to be so authorized...

12 CFR 745.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... a credit union of a type approved by the Board which evidences money or its equivalent received or... paragraph (c) of this section, or any principal department of such public unit, (1) the creation of which...

47 CFR 73.701 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... equivalent to mean solar time at the prime meridian (0° longitude), formerly expressed in GMT. (RR) (f... for 50 percent of the days of the reference month. (r) Carrier power. The average power supplied to...

47 CFR 73.701 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... equivalent to mean solar time at the prime meridian (0° longitude), formerly expressed in GMT. (RR) (f... for 50 percent of the days of the reference month. (r) Carrier power. The average power supplied to...

47 CFR 73.701 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... equivalent to mean solar time at the prime meridian (0° longitude), formerly expressed in GMT. (RR) (f... for 50 percent of the days of the reference month. (r) Carrier power. The average power supplied to...

47 CFR 73.701 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... equivalent to mean solar time at the prime meridian (0° longitude), formerly expressed in GMT. (RR) (f... for 50 percent of the days of the reference month. (r) Carrier power. The average power supplied to...

47 CFR 73.701 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... equivalent to mean solar time at the prime meridian (0° longitude), formerly expressed in GMT. (RR) (f... for 50 percent of the days of the reference month. (r) Carrier power. The average power supplied to...

48 CFR 1409.403 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... this subpart, means: (a) A judgment or any other determination of guilt of a criminal offense by any... functional equivalent of a judgment only if it includes an admission of guilt. Debarring Official refers to...

XML DTD and Schemas for HDF-EOS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ullman, Richard; Yang, Jingli

2008-01-01

An Extensible Markup Language (XML) document type definition (DTD) standard for the structure and contents of HDF-EOS files and their contents, and an equivalent standard in the form of schemas, have been developed.

7 CFR 810.602 - Definition of other terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definition of other terms. 810.602 Section 810.602... GRAIN United States Standards for Flaxseed Terms Defined § 810.602 Definition of other terms. (a..., or otherwise materially damaged. (b) Dockage. All matter other than flaxseed that can be removed from...

28 CFR 73.1 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definition of terms. 73.1 Section 73.1 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) NOTIFICATIONS TO THE ATTORNEY GENERAL BY AGENTS OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS § 73.1 Definition of terms. (a) The term agent means all individuals acting as...

Can electronic medical images replace hard-copy film? Defining and testing the equivalence of diagnostic tests.

PubMed

Obuchowski, N A

2001-10-15

Electronic medical images are an efficient and convenient format in which to display, store and transmit radiographic information. Before electronic images can be used routinely to screen and diagnose patients, however, it must be shown that readers have the same diagnostic performance with this new format as traditional hard-copy film. Currently, there exist no suitable definitions of diagnostic equivalence. In this paper we propose two criteria for diagnostic equivalence. The first criterion ('population equivalence') considers the variability between and within readers, as well as the mean reader performance. This criterion is useful for most applications. The second criterion ('individual equivalence') involves a comparison of the test results for individual patients and is necessary when patients are followed radiographically over time. We present methods for testing both individual and population equivalence. The properties of the proposed methods are assessed in a Monte Carlo simulation study. Data from a mammography screening study is used to illustrate the proposed methods and compare them with results from more conventional methods of assessing equivalence and inter-procedure agreement. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Accumulation of subcutaneous fat, but not visceral fat, is a predictor of adiponectin levels in preterm infants at term-equivalent age.

PubMed

Nakano, Yuya; Itabashi, Kazuo; Sakurai, Motoichiro; Aizawa, Madoka; Dobashi, Kazushige; Mizuno, Katsumi

2014-05-01

Preterm infants have altered fat tissue development, including a higher percentage of fat mass and increased volume of visceral fat. They also have altered adiponectin levels, including a lower ratio of high-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMW-Ad) to total adiponectin (T-Ad) at term-equivalent age, compared with term infants. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between adiponectin levels and fat tissue accumulation or distribution in preterm infants at term-equivalent age. Cross-sectional clinical study. Study subjects were 53 preterm infants born at ≤34weeks gestation with a mean birth weight of 1592g. Serum levels of T-Ad and HMW-Ad were measured and a computed tomography (CT) scan was performed at the level of the umbilicus at term-equivalent age to analyze how fat tissue accumulation or distribution was correlated with adiponectin levels. T-Ad (r=0.315, p=0.022) and HMW-Ad levels (r=0.338, p=0.013) were positively associated with subcutaneous fat area evaluated by performing CT scan at term-equivalent age, but were not associated with visceral fat area in simple regression analyses. In addition, T-Ad (β=0.487, p=0.003) and HMW-Ad levels (β=0.602, p<0.001) were positively associated with subcutaneous fat tissue area, but they were not associated with visceral fat area also in multiple regression analyses. Subcutaneous fat accumulation contributes to increased levels of T-Ad and HMW-Ad, while visceral fat accumulation does not influence adiponectin levels in preterm infants at term-equivalent age. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

46 CFR 30.10-1 - Definition of terms-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definition of terms-TB/ALL. 30.10-1 Section 30.10-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-1 Definition of terms—TB/ALL. Certain terms used in the regulations in this subchapter are defined in this...

46 CFR 30.10-1 - Definition of terms-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Definition of terms-TB/ALL. 30.10-1 Section 30.10-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-1 Definition of terms—TB/ALL. Certain terms used in the regulations in this subchapter are defined in this...

46 CFR 30.10-1 - Definition of terms-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Definition of terms-TB/ALL. 30.10-1 Section 30.10-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-1 Definition of terms—TB/ALL. Certain terms used in the regulations in this subchapter are defined in this...

46 CFR 30.10-1 - Definition of terms-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definition of terms-TB/ALL. 30.10-1 Section 30.10-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-1 Definition of terms—TB/ALL. Certain terms used in the regulations in this subchapter are defined in this...

46 CFR 30.10-1 - Definition of terms-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Definition of terms-TB/ALL. 30.10-1 Section 30.10-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-1 Definition of terms—TB/ALL. Certain terms used in the regulations in this subchapter are defined in this...

Translations of volcanological terms: cross-cultural standards for teaching, communication, and reporting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harris, Andrew J. L.; Belousov, Alexander; Calvari, Sonia; Delgado-Granados, Hugo; Hort, Matthias; Koga, Ken; Wulan Mei, Estuning Tyas; Harijoko, Agung; Pacheco, José; Prival, Jean-Marie; Solana, Carmen; Þórðarson, Þorvaldur; Thouret, Jean-Claude; van Wyk de Vries, Benjamin

2017-07-01

When teaching at a non-English language university, we often argue that because English is the international language, students need to become familiar with English terms, even if the bulk of the class is in the native language. However, to make the meaning of the terms clear, a translation into the native language is always useful. Correct translation of terminology is even more crucial for emergency managers and decision makers who can be confronted with a confusing and inconsistently applied mix of terminology. Thus, it is imperative to have a translation that appropriately converts the meaning of a term, while being grammatically and lexicologically correct, before the need for use. If terms are not consistently defined across all languages following industry standards and norms, what one person believes to be a dog, to another is a cat. However, definitions and translations of English scientific and technical terms are not always available, and language is constantly evolving. We live and work in an international world where English is the common language of multi-cultural exchange. As a result, while finding the correct translation can be difficult because we are too used to the English language terms, translated equivalents that are available may not have been through the peer review process. We have explored this issue by discussing grammatically and lexicologically correct French, German, Icelandic, Indonesian, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Japanese versions for terms involved in communicating effusive eruption intensity.

Defining chaos.

PubMed

Hunt, Brian R; Ott, Edward

2015-09-01

In this paper, we propose, discuss, and illustrate a computationally feasible definition of chaos which can be applied very generally to situations that are commonly encountered, including attractors, repellers, and non-periodically forced systems. This definition is based on an entropy-like quantity, which we call "expansion entropy," and we define chaos as occurring when this quantity is positive. We relate and compare expansion entropy to the well-known concept of topological entropy to which it is equivalent under appropriate conditions. We also present example illustrations, discuss computational implementations, and point out issues arising from attempts at giving definitions of chaos that are not entropy-based.

Intra-axiom redundancies in SNOMED CT.

PubMed

Dentler, Kathrin; Cornet, Ronald

2015-09-01

Intra-axiom redundancies are elements of concept definitions that are redundant as they are entailed by other elements of the concept definition. While such redundancies are harmless from a logical point of view, they make concept definitions hard to maintain, and they might lead to content-related problems when concepts evolve. The objective of this study is to develop a fully automated method to detect intra-axiom redundancies in OWL 2 EL and apply it to SNOMED Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT). We developed a software program in which we implemented, adapted and extended readily existing rules for redundancy elimination. With this, we analysed occurence of redundancy in 11 releases of SNOMED CT (January 2009 to January 2014). We used the ELK reasoner to classify SNOMED CT, and Pellet for explanation of equivalence. We analysed the completeness and soundness of the results by an in-depth examination of the identified redundant elements in the July 2012 release of SNOMED CT. To determine if concepts with redundant elements lead to maintenance issues, we analysed a small sample of solved redundancies. Analyses showed that the amount of redundantly defined concepts in SNOMED CT is consistently around 35,000. In the July 2012 version of SNOMED CT, 35,010 (12%) of the 296,433 concepts contained redundant elements in their definitions. The results of applying our method are sound and complete with respect to our evaluation. Analysis of solved redundancies suggests that redundancies in concept definitions lead to inadequate maintenance of SNOMED CT. Our analysis revealed that redundant elements are continuously introduced and removed, and that redundant elements may be overlooked when concept definitions are corrected. Applying our redundancy detection method to remove intra-axiom redundancies from the stated form of SNOMED CT and to point knowledge modellers to newly introduced redundancies can support creating and maintaining a redundancy-free version of SNOMED CT. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Collaborative testing for key-term definitions under representative conditions: Efficiency costs and no learning benefits.

PubMed

Wissman, Kathryn T; Rawson, Katherine A

2018-01-01

Students are expected to learn key-term definitions across many different grade levels and academic disciplines. Thus, investigating ways to promote understanding of key-term definitions is of critical importance for applied purposes. A recent survey showed that learners report engaging in collaborative practice testing when learning key-term definitions, with outcomes also shedding light on the way in which learners report engaging in collaborative testing in real-world contexts (Wissman & Rawson, 2016, Memory, 24, 223-239). However, no research has directly explored the effectiveness of engaging in collaborative testing under representative conditions. Accordingly, the current research evaluates the costs (with respect to efficiency) and the benefits (with respect to learning) of collaborative testing for key-term definitions under representative conditions. In three experiments (ns = 94, 74, 95), learners individually studied key-term definitions and then completed retrieval practice, which occurred either individually or collaboratively (in dyads). Two days later, all learners completed a final individual test. Results from Experiments 1-2 showed a cost (with respect to efficiency) and no benefit (with respect to learning) of engaging in collaborative testing for key-term definitions. Experiment 3 evaluated a theoretical explanation for why collaborative benefits do not emerge under representative conditions. Collectively, outcomes indicate that collaborative testing versus individual testing is less effective and less efficient when learning key-term definitions under representative conditions.

7 CFR 810.1802 - Definition of other terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... GRAIN United States Standards for Sunflower Seed Terms Defined § 810.1802 Definition of other terms. (a) Cultivated sunflower seed. Sunflower seed grown for oil content. The term seed in this and other definitions related to sunflower seed refers to both the kernel and hull which is a fruit or achene. (b) Damaged...

7 CFR 810.1802 - Definition of other terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... GRAIN United States Standards for Sunflower Seed Terms Defined § 810.1802 Definition of other terms. (a) Cultivated sunflower seed. Sunflower seed grown for oil content. The term seed in this and other definitions related to sunflower seed refers to both the kernel and hull which is a fruit or achene. (b) Damaged...

33 CFR 62.3 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Definition of terms. 62.3 Section 62.3 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM General § 62.3 Definition of terms. Certain terms as used in this...

33 CFR 62.3 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Definition of terms. 62.3 Section 62.3 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM General § 62.3 Definition of terms. Certain terms as used in this...

33 CFR 62.3 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definition of terms. 62.3 Section 62.3 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM General § 62.3 Definition of terms. Certain terms as used in this...

33 CFR 62.3 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Definition of terms. 62.3 Section 62.3 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM General § 62.3 Definition of terms. Certain terms as used in this...

7 CFR 52.38a - Definitions of terms applicable to statistical sampling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definitions of terms applicable to statistical... Sampling § 52.38a Definitions of terms applicable to statistical sampling. (a) Terms applicable to both on... acceptable as a process average. At the AQL's contained in the statistical sampling plans of this subpart...

7 CFR 52.38a - Definitions of terms applicable to statistical sampling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions of terms applicable to statistical... Sampling § 52.38a Definitions of terms applicable to statistical sampling. (a) Terms applicable to both on... acceptable as a process average. At the AQL's contained in the statistical sampling plans of this subpart...

5 CFR 630.1208 - Protection of employment and benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... equivalent position with equivalent benefits, pay, status, and other terms and conditions of employment. (b) For the purpose of applying paragraph (a)(2) of this section, an equivalent position must be in the... duties and responsibilities, which must entail substantially equivalent skill, effort, responsibility...

5 CFR 630.1208 - Protection of employment and benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... equivalent position with equivalent benefits, pay, status, and other terms and conditions of employment. (b) For the purpose of applying paragraph (a)(2) of this section, an equivalent position must be in the... duties and responsibilities, which must entail substantially equivalent skill, effort, responsibility...

5 CFR 630.1210 - Protection of employment and benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... equivalent position with equivalent benefits, pay, status, and other terms and conditions of employment. (b) For the purpose of applying paragraph (a)(2) of this section, an equivalent position must be in the... duties and responsibilities, which must entail substantially equivalent skill, effort, responsibility...

5 CFR 250.301 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... in 5 U.S.C. 105. Executives are members of the Senior Executive Service or equivalent. Leaders are an... leave. Team leaders are those who provide employees with day-to-day guidance in work projects, but do...

5 CFR 630.803 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... deceased was such as to have been the equivalent of a family relationship. [34 FR 13655, Aug. 26, 1969, as... Revenue Code. Employee means an employee or individual covered by § 630.802. Funeral leave means leave...

40 CFR 1066.1001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... a bag, such as PM and continuously measured THC. Bag 2 means relating to the last 867 seconds of the.... For hydrocarbon concentrations including HC, THC, NMHC, and NMOG, ppm means ppm on a C1-equivalent...

34 CFR 85.925 - Conviction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Definitions § 85.925 Conviction. Conviction means— (a) A judgment or any other determination of guilt of a... participation of the court is the functional equivalent of a judgment only if it includes an admission of guilt...

22 CFR 208.925 - Conviction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Definitions § 208.925 Conviction. Conviction means— (a) A judgment or any other determination of guilt of a... participation of the court is the functional equivalent of a judgment only if it includes an admission of guilt. ...

22 CFR 1508.925 - Conviction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Definitions § 1508.925 Conviction. Conviction means— (a) A judgment or any other determination of guilt of a... participation of the court is the functional equivalent of a judgment only if it includes an admission of guilt. ...

Internet gaming disorder treatment: a review of definitions of diagnosis and treatment outcome.

PubMed

King, Daniel L; Delfabbro, Paul H

2014-10-01

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a new disorder currently positioned in the appendix of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Few clinical studies report that psychological and pharmacological interventions can significantly reduce the severity of IGD symptomatology. The aim of this review was to assess current knowledge of the short- and long-term benefits of IGD interventions. This review presents a systematic evaluation of definitions of diagnosis and treatment outcomes employed in IGD treatment studies, including an assessment of goodness of fit with the DSM-5 classification. A computer database search of Academic Search Premier, PubMed, PsychINFO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify all available research evidence on Internet gaming disorder treatment (N = 8 studies). Diagnostic and treatment outcome parameters were systematically evaluated. Several weaknesses of IGD treatment literature were identified. Only 2 treatment studies have employed an equivalent method of diagnosis for IGD. Studies have not assessed formative change in diagnostic status at posttreatment or follow-up. Duration of follow-up has been inadequate to assess relapse and remission. Posttreatment assessment has been predominantly limited to IGD symptomatology, comorbidity, and frequency of gaming behavior. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to warrant suggestion that trialled IGD interventions confer a long-term therapeutic benefit. Several improvements to study design and reporting are proposed to guide future studies of IGD. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Parametric estimates for the receiver operating characteristic curve generalization for non-monotone relationships.

PubMed

Martínez-Camblor, Pablo; Pardo-Fernández, Juan C

2017-01-01

Diagnostic procedures are based on establishing certain conditions and then checking if those conditions are satisfied by a given individual. When the diagnostic procedure is based on a continuous marker, this is equivalent to fix a region or classification subset and then check if the observed value of the marker belongs to that region. Receiver operating characteristic curve is a valuable and popular tool to study and compare the diagnostic ability of a given marker. Besides, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve is frequently used as an index of the global discrimination ability. This paper revises and widens the scope of the receiver operating characteristic curve definition by setting the classification subsets in which the final decision is based in the spotlight of the analysis. We revise the definition of the receiver operating characteristic curve in terms of particular classes of classification subsets and then focus on a receiver operating characteristic curve generalization for situations in which both low and high values of the marker are associated with more probability of having the studied characteristic. Parametric and non-parametric estimators of the receiver operating characteristic curve generalization are investigated. Monte Carlo studies and real data examples illustrate their practical performance.

The current status of usability studies of information technologies in China: a systematic study.

PubMed

Lei, Jianbo; Xu, Lufei; Meng, Qun; Zhang, Jiajie; Gong, Yang

2014-01-01

To systematically review and analyze the current status and characteristics of usability studies in China in the field of information technology in general and in the field of healthcare in particular. We performed a quantitative literature analysis in three major Chinese academic databases and one English language database using Chinese search terms equivalent to the concept of usability. Six hundred forty-seven publications were selected for analysis. We found that in China the literature on usability in the field of information technology began in 1994 and increased thereafter. The usability definitions from ISO 9241-11:1998 and Nielsen (1993) have been widely recognized and cited. Authors who have published several publications are rare. Fourteen journals have a publishing rate over 1%. Only nine publications about HIT were identified. China's usability research started relatively late. There is a lack of organized research teams and dedicated usability journals. High-impact theoretical studies are scarce. On the application side, no original and systematic research frameworks have been developed. The understanding and definition of usability is not well synchronized with international norms. Besides, usability research in HIT is rare. More human and material resources need to be invested in China's usability research, particularly in HIT.

Glossary of CERCLA, RCRA and TSCA related terms and acronyms. Environmental Guidance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1993-10-01

This glossary contains CERCLA, RCRA and TSCA related terms that are most often encountered in the US Department of Energy (DOE) Environmental Restoration and Emergency Preparedness activities. Detailed definitions are included for key terms. The CERCLA definitions included in this glossary are taken from the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), as amended and related federal rulemakings. The RCRA definitions included in this glossary are taken from the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and related federal rulemakings. The TSCA definitions included in this glossary are taken from the Toxic Substances and Control Act (TSCA) and related federalmore » rulemakings. Definitions related to TSCA are limited to those sections in the statute and regulations concerning PCBs and asbestos.Other sources for definitions include additional federal rulemakings, assorted guidance documents prepared by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), guidance and informational documents prepared by the US Department of Energy (DOE), and DOE Orders. The source of each term is noted beside the term. Terms presented in this document reflect revised and new definitions published before July 1, 1993.« less

Mapping the maze of terms and definitions in dementia-related wandering.

PubMed

Algase, D L; Moore, D Helen; Vandeweerd, C; Gavin-Dreschnack, D J

2007-11-01

An operational definition of dementia-related wandering is proposed to aid in clinical recognition, to promote research precision and validity, and to provide a pathway toward standardization of language in wandering science. (1) One-hundred-and-eighty-three journal articles from multiple databases (Medline, OVID, CSA Journals, OCLC First Search, Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCO) were reviewed to extract alternative terms and definitions for wandering or wandering-related behaviours; (2) terms and definitions were ordered alphabetically into a glossary; (3) a consensus approach was used to group glossary terms with related meanings into possible domains of wandering; (4) four domains (locomotion, drive, space and time) were found sufficient to encompass all wandering definitions; (5) wandering terms were placed into a conceptual map bounded by the four domain concepts and (6) a new provisional definition of wandering was formulated. An empirically-based, operational definition improves clinical and research approaches to wandering and explicates historical inattention to certain beneficial aspects of the behaviour. Adoption of the proposed operational definition of wandering behaviour provides a platform upon which dementia care may be improved and standardized language may evolve in wandering science.

Application of LANDSAT imagery for snow mapping in Norway

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Odegaard, H.; Skorve, J. E. (Principal Investigator)

1977-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. During the summer seasons of 1975 and 1976, the snow cover was successfully monitored and measured in the four basins. By using elevation distributions for these basins combined with the measured snow cover percentages, the equivalent snow line altitude was calculated. Equivalent snow line altitude was used in accordance with Mark Meier's definition. Cumulative runoff data were collected for the basins. Tables showing percentage snow cover versus cumulative runoff were worked out for 1975.

21 CFR 11.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Definitions. 11.3 Section 11.3 Food and Drugs FOOD...; ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES General Provisions § 11.3 Definitions. (a) The definitions and interpretations of terms... definitions of terms also apply to this part: (1) Act means the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (secs...

21 CFR 11.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Definitions. 11.3 Section 11.3 Food and Drugs FOOD...; ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES General Provisions § 11.3 Definitions. (a) The definitions and interpretations of terms... definitions of terms also apply to this part: (1) Act means the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (secs...

34 CFR 609.4 - What definitions apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What definitions apply? 609.4 Section 609.4 Education... definitions apply? (a) Definitions in EDGAR. The following terms used in this part are defined in 34 CFR 77.1... Secretary (b) The following definition applies to a term used in this part: Qualified graduate program means...

Patent Family Databases.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simmons, Edlyn S.

1985-01-01

Reports on retrieval of patent information online and includes definition of patent family, basic and equivalent patents, "parents and children" applications, designated states, patent family databases--International Patent Documentation Center, World Patents Index, APIPAT (American Petroleum Institute), CLAIMS (IFI/Plenum). A table…

Structure of rapidity divergences in multi-parton scattering soft factors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vladimirov, Alexey

2018-04-01

We discuss the structure of rapidity divergences that are presented in the soft factors of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization theorems. To provide the discussion on the most general level we consider soft factors for multi-parton scattering. We show that the rapidity divergences are result of the gluon exchanges with the distant transverse plane, and are structurally equivalent to the ultraviolet divergences. It allows to formulate and to prove the renormalization theorem for rapidity divergences. The proof is made with the help the conformal transformation which maps rapidity divergences to ultraviolet divergences. The theorem is the systematic form of the factorization of rapidity divergences, which is required for the definition of TMD parton distributions. In particular, the definition of multi parton distributions is presented. The equivalence of ultraviolet and rapidity divergences leads to the exact relation between soft and rapidity anomalous dimensions. Using this relation we derive the rapidity anomalous dimension at the three-loop order.

Two-photon equivalent weighting of spatial excimer laser beam profiles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eva, Eric; Bauer, Harry H.; Metzger, K.; Pfeiffer, A.

2001-04-01

Damage in optical materials for semiconductor lithography applications caused by exposure to 248 or 193 nm light is usually two-photon driven, hence it is a nonlinear function of incident intensity. Materials should be tested with flat- topped temporal and spatial laser beam profiles to facilitate interpretation of data, but in reality this is hard to achieve. Sandstrom provided a formula that approximates any given temporal pulse shape with a two- photon equivalent rectangular pulse (Second Symposium on 193 nm Lithography, Colorado Springs 1997). Known as the integral-square pulse duration, this definition has been embraced as an industry standard. Originally faced with the problem of comparing results obtained with pseudo-Gaussian spatial profiles to literature data, we found that a general solution for arbitrarily inhomogeneous spatial beam profiles exists which results in a definition much similar to Sandstrom's. In addition, we proved the validity of our approach in experiments with intentionally altered beam profiles.

A novel equivalent definition of Caputo fractional derivative without singular kernel and superconvergent analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Zhengguang; Li, Xiaoli

2018-05-01

In this article, we present a new second-order finite difference discrete scheme for a fractal mobile/immobile transport model based on equivalent transformative Caputo formulation. The new transformative formulation takes the singular kernel away to make the integral calculation more efficient. Furthermore, this definition is also effective where α is a positive integer. Besides, the T-Caputo derivative also helps us to increase the convergence rate of the discretization of the α-order(0 < α < 1) Caputo derivative from O(τ2-α) to O(τ3-α), where τ is the time step. For numerical analysis, a Crank-Nicolson finite difference scheme to solve the fractal mobile/immobile transport model is introduced and analyzed. The unconditional stability and a priori estimates of the scheme are given rigorously. Moreover, the applicability and accuracy of the scheme are demonstrated by numerical experiments to support our theoretical analysis.

49 CFR 325.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION GENERAL REGULATIONS COMPLIANCE WITH INTERSTATE MOTOR CARRIER NOISE EMISSION STANDARDS General Provisions § 325.5 Definitions. (a) Statutory definitions. All terms defined in the Noise...) Definitions in standards. All terms defined in § 202.10 of the Interstate Motor Carrier Noise Emission...

49 CFR 325.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION GENERAL REGULATIONS COMPLIANCE WITH INTERSTATE MOTOR CARRIER NOISE EMISSION STANDARDS General Provisions § 325.5 Definitions. (a) Statutory definitions. All terms defined in the Noise...) Definitions in standards. All terms defined in § 202.10 of the Interstate Motor Carrier Noise Emission...

Population-based assessment of sensitivity and specificity of a pinhole for detection of significant refractive errors in the community.

PubMed

Marmamula, Srinivas; Keeffe, Jill E; Narsaiah, Saggam; Khanna, Rohit C; Rao, Gullapalli N

2014-11-01

Measurements of refractive errors through subjective or automated refraction are not always possible in rapid assessment studies and community vision screening programs; however, measurements of vision with habitual correction and with a pinhole can easily be made. Although improvements in vision with a pinhole are assumed to mean that a refractive error is present, no studies have investigated the magnitude of improvement in vision with pinhole that is predictive of refractive error. The aim was to measure the sensitivity and specificity of 'vision improvement with pinhole' in predicting the presence of refractive error in a community setting. Vision and vision with pinhole were measured using a logMAR chart for 488 of 582 individuals aged 15 to 50 years. Refractive errors were measured using non-cycloplegic autorefraction and subjective refraction. The presence of refractive error was defined using spherical equivalent refraction (SER) at two levels: SER greater than ± 0.50 D sphere (DS) and SER greater than ±1.00 DS. Three definitions for significant improvement in vision with a pinhole were used: 1. Presenting vision less than 6/12 and improving to 6/12 or better, 2. Improvement in vision of more than one logMAR line and 3. Improvement in vision of more than two logMAR lines. For refractive error defined as spherical equivalent refraction greater than ± 0.50 DS, the sensitivities and specificities for the pinhole test predicting the presence of refractive error were 83.9 per cent (95% CI: 74.5 to 90.9) and 98.8 per cent (95% CI: 97.1 to 99.6), respectively for definition 1. Definition 2 had a sensitivity 89.7 per cent (95% CI: 81.3 to 95.2) and specificity 88.0 per cent (95% CI: 4.4 to 91.0). Definition 3 had a sensitivity of 75.9 per cent (95% CI: 65.5 to 84.4) and specificity of 97.8 per cent (95% CI: 95.8 to 99.0). Similar results were found with spherical equivalent refraction greater than ±1.00 DS, when tested against the three pinhole-based definitions. Refractive error definitions based on improvement in vision with the pinhole shows good sensitivity and specificity at predicting the presence of significant refractive errors. These definitions can be used in rapid assessment surveys and community-based vision screenings. © 2014 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Optometry © 2014 Optometrists Association Australia.

Test of the Equivalence Principle in an Einstein Elevator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shapiro, Irwin I.; Glashow, S.; Lorenzini, E. C.; Cosmo, M. L.; Cheimets, P.; Finkelstein, N.; Schneps, M.

2004-01-01

The scientific goal of the experiment is to test the equality of gravitational and inertial mass (i.e., to test the Principle of Equivalence) by measuring the independence of the rate of fall of bodies from the composition of the falling body. The measurement is accomplished by measuring the relative displacement (or equivalently acceleration) of two falling bodies of different materials which are the proof masses of a differential accelerometer. The goal of the experiment is to measure the Eoetvoes ratio sigma g/g (differential acceleration/common acceleration) with an accuracy goal of several parts in 10(exp 15). The estimated accuracy is about two orders of magnitude better than the present state of the art. The main goal of the study to be carried out under this grant is part of the flight definition of the experiment and laboratory testing of key components. The project involves an international cooperation in which the responsibility of the US side is the flight definition of the experimental facility while the responsibility of the non-US partners is the flight definition and laboratory prototyping of the differential acceleration detector.In summary, the experiment to be designed is for taking differential acceleration measurements with a high-sensitivity detector (the sensor) during free fall conditions lasting up to 30 s in a disturbance-free acceleration environment. The experiment strategy consists in letting the sensor free fall inside a few meters long (in the vertical direction) evacuated capsule that is falling simultaneously in the rarefied atmosphere after release from a helium balloon flying at a stratospheric altitude.

47 CFR 54.800 - Terms and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Terms and definitions. 54.800 Section 54.800... SERVICE Interstate Access Universal Service Support Mechanism § 54.800 Terms and definitions. (a) Average... § 61.3(d) of this chapter, except that it includes exogenous changes in effect prior to the effective...

37 CFR 1.401 - Definitions of terms under the Patent Cooperation Treaty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions of terms under... PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES International Processing Provisions General Information § 1.401 Definitions of terms under the Patent...

32 CFR 766.2 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definition of terms. 766.2 Section 766.2 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY MISCELLANEOUS RULES USE OF DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY AVIATION FACILITIES BY CIVIL AIRCRAFT § 766.2 Definition of terms. For the purpose of...

46 CFR 28.510 - Definition of stability terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Definition of stability terms. 28.510 Section 28.510... FISHING INDUSTRY VESSELS Stability § 28.510 Definition of stability terms. Downflooding means the entry of... the forward side of the vessel's stem and the vessel's waterline at the vessel's deepest operating...

46 CFR 28.510 - Definition of stability terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definition of stability terms. 28.510 Section 28.510... FISHING INDUSTRY VESSELS Stability § 28.510 Definition of stability terms. Downflooding means the entry of... the forward side of the vessel's stem and the vessel's waterline at the vessel's deepest operating...

46 CFR 28.510 - Definition of stability terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Definition of stability terms. 28.510 Section 28.510... FISHING INDUSTRY VESSELS Stability § 28.510 Definition of stability terms. Downflooding means the entry of... the forward side of the vessel's stem and the vessel's waterline at the vessel's deepest operating...

46 CFR 28.510 - Definition of stability terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definition of stability terms. 28.510 Section 28.510... FISHING INDUSTRY VESSELS Stability § 28.510 Definition of stability terms. Downflooding means the entry of... the forward side of the vessel's stem and the vessel's waterline at the vessel's deepest operating...

46 CFR 28.510 - Definition of stability terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Definition of stability terms. 28.510 Section 28.510... FISHING INDUSTRY VESSELS Stability § 28.510 Definition of stability terms. Downflooding means the entry of... the forward side of the vessel's stem and the vessel's waterline at the vessel's deepest operating...

Elaborations of Introductory Psychology Terms: Effects on Test Performance and Subjective Ratings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balch, William R.

2005-01-01

Undergraduate students participated in an experiment designed to evaluate different types of elaborations on definitions of 16 psychology terms. First, participants received booklets presenting the definition of each term, followed by 1 of several elaborations: an example, a mnemonic, a paraphrase, or a repeated definition (the nonelaborating…

38 CFR 75.112 - Definitions and terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions and terms. 75.112 Section 75.112 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS (CONTINUED) INFORMATION SECURITY MATTERS Data Breaches § 75.112 Definitions and terms. For purposes of this subpart: Confidentiality means preserving...

A non-commutative *-algebra of Borel functions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hart, Robert

To the pair (E, sigma), where E is a countable Borel equivalence relation on a standard Borel space ( X, A ) and sigma a normalized Borel T -valued 2-cocycle on E, we associate a sequentially weakly closed Borel *-algebra B*r (E, sigma), contained in the bounded linear operators on ℓ2(E). Associated to B*r (E, sigma) is a natural (Borel) Cartan subalgebra (Definition 6.4.10) L( Bo (X)) isomorphic to the bounded Borel functions on X. Then L( Bo (X)) and its normalizer (the set of the unitaries u ∈ B*r (E, sigma) such that u* fu ∈ L( Bo (X)), f ∈ L( Bo (X))) countably generates the Borel *-algebra B*r (E, sigma). In this thesis, we study B*r (E, sigma) and in particular prove that: i) If E is smooth, then B*r (E, sigma) is a type I Borel *-algebra (Definition 6.3.10). ii) If E is a hyperfinite, then B*r (E, sigma) is a Borel AF-algebra (Definition 7.5.1). iii) Generalizing Kumjian's definition, we define a Borel twist Gamma over E and its associated sequentially closed Borel *-algebra B*r (Gamma). iv) Let a Borel Cartan pair ( B,B0 ) denote a sequentially closed Borel *-algebra B with a Borel Cartan subalgebra B0 , where B is countably B0 -generated. Generalizing Feldman-Moore's result, we prove that any pair ( B,B0 ) can be realized uniquely as a pair ( B*r (E, sigma), L( Bo (X))). Moreover, we show that the pair ( B*r (E), L( Bo (X))) is a complete invariant of the countable Borel equivalence relation E. v) We prove a Krieger type theorem, by showing that two aperiodic hyperfinite countable equivalence relations are isomorphic if and only if their associated Borel *-algebras B*r (E1) and B*r (E2) are isomorphic.

A Natural Language Processing System That Links Medical Terms in Electronic Health Record Notes to Lay Definitions: System Development Using Physician Reviews

PubMed Central

Druhl, Emily; Polepalli Ramesh, Balaji; Houston, Thomas K; Brandt, Cynthia A; Zulman, Donna M; Vimalananda, Varsha G; Malkani, Samir; Yu, Hong

2018-01-01

Background Many health care systems now allow patients to access their electronic health record (EHR) notes online through patient portals. Medical jargon in EHR notes can confuse patients, which may interfere with potential benefits of patient access to EHR notes. Objective The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the usability and content quality of NoteAid, a Web-based natural language processing system that links medical terms in EHR notes to lay definitions, that is, definitions easily understood by lay people. Methods NoteAid incorporates two core components: CoDeMed, a lexical resource of lay definitions for medical terms, and MedLink, a computational unit that links medical terms to lay definitions. We developed innovative computational methods, including an adapted distant supervision algorithm to prioritize medical terms important for EHR comprehension to facilitate the effort of building CoDeMed. Ten physician domain experts evaluated the user interface and content quality of NoteAid. The evaluation protocol included a cognitive walkthrough session and a postsession questionnaire. Physician feedback sessions were audio-recorded. We used standard content analysis methods to analyze qualitative data from these sessions. Results Physician feedback was mixed. Positive feedback on NoteAid included (1) Easy to use, (2) Good visual display, (3) Satisfactory system speed, and (4) Adequate lay definitions. Opportunities for improvement arising from evaluation sessions and feedback included (1) improving the display of definitions for partially matched terms, (2) including more medical terms in CoDeMed, (3) improving the handling of terms whose definitions vary depending on different contexts, and (4) standardizing the scope of definitions for medicines. On the basis of these results, we have improved NoteAid’s user interface and a number of definitions, and added 4502 more definitions in CoDeMed. Conclusions Physician evaluation yielded useful feedback for content validation and refinement of this innovative tool that has the potential to improve patient EHR comprehension and experience using patient portals. Future ongoing work will develop algorithms to handle ambiguous medical terms and test and evaluate NoteAid with patients. PMID:29358159

10 CFR 603.1200 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 603.1200 Section 603.1200 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Definitions of Terms Used in this Part § 603.1200 Definitions. The terms defined in 10 CFR 600.3 apply to all DOE financial...

Communication Platform Payload Definition (CPPD) study. Volume 2: Technical report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hunter, E. M.; Driggers, T.; Jorasch, R.

1986-01-01

This is Volume 2 (Technical Report) of the Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation Final Report for the Communication Platform Payload Definition (CPPD) Study program conducted for NASA Lewis Research Center under contract No. NAS3-24235. This report presents the results of the study effort leading to five potential platform payloads to service CONUS and WARC Region 2 traffic demand as projected to the year 2008. The report addresses establishing the data bases, developing service aggregation scenarios, selecting and developing 5 payload concepts, performing detailed definition of the 5 payloads, costing them, identifying critical technology, and finally comparing the payloads with each other and also with non-aggregated equivalent services.

Communication Platform Payload Definition (CPPD) study. Volume 1: Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hunter, E. M.

1986-01-01

This is Volume 1 (Executive Summary) of the Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation Final Report for the Communication Platform Payload Definition (CPPD) Study program conducted for NASA Lewis Research Center under contract No. NAS3-24235. This report presents the results of the study effort leading to five potential platform payloads to service CONUS and WARC Region 2 traffic demand as projected to the year 2008. The report addresses establishing the data bases, developing service aggregation scenarios, selecting and developing 5 payload concepts, performing detailed definition of the 5 payloads, costing them, identifying critical technology, and finally comparing the payloads with each other and also with non-aggregated equivalent services.

Communication Platform Payload Definition (CPPD) study. Volume 3: Addendum

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hunter, E. M.; Driggers, T.; Jorasch, R.

1986-01-01

This is Volume 3 (Addendum) of the Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation Final Report for the Communication Platform Payload Definition (CPPD) Study Program conducted for NASA Lewis Research Center under contract No. NAS3-24235. This report presents the results of the study effort leading to five potential platform payloads to service CONUS and WARC Region 2 traffic demand as projected to the year 2008. The report addresses establishing the data bases, developing service aggregation scenarios, selecting and developing 5 payload concepts, performing detailed definition of the 5 payloads, costing them, identifying critical technology, and finally comparing the payloads with each other and also with non-aggregated equivalent services.

What Is Full Term?

MedlinePlus

... born earlier or later. What are the new definitions? The definitions are: Early term: Your baby is ... after 42 weeks, 0 days. Why did the definitions change? In the past, a pregnancy that lasted ...

Definitions of cardiovascular insufficiency and relation to outcomes in critically ill newborn infants

PubMed Central

Fernandez, Erika; Watterberg, Kristi L.; Faix, Roger G.; Yoder, Bradley A.; Walsh, Michele C.; Lacy, Conra Backstrom; Osborne, Karen A.; Das, Abhik; Kendrick, Douglas E.; Stoll, Barbara J.; Poindexter, Brenda B.; Laptook, Abbot R.; Kennedy, Kathleen A.; Schibler, Kurt; Bell, Edward F.; Van Meurs, Krisa P.; Frantz, Ivan D.; Goldberg, Ronald N.; Shankaran, Seetha; Carlo, Waldemar A.; Ehrenkranz, Richard A.; Sanchez, Pablo J.; Higgins, Rosemary D.

2015-01-01

Background We previously reported on the overall incidence, management and outcomes in infants with cardiovascular insufficiency (CVI). However, there are limited data on the relationship of the specific different definitions of CVI to short term outcomes in term and late preterm newborn infants. Objective To evaluate how 4 definitions of CVI relate to short term outcomes and death. Study Design The previously reported study was a multicenter, prospective cohort study of 647 infants ≥ 34 weeks gestation admitted to a Neonatal Research Network (NRN) newborn intensive care unit (NICU) and mechanically ventilated (MV) during their first 72 hours. The relationship of five short term outcomes at discharge and 4 different definitions of CVI were further analyzed. Results All 4 definitions were associated with greater number of days on MV & days on O2. The definition using a threshold blood pressure (BP) measurement alone was not associated with days to full feeding, days in the NICU or death. The definition based on treatment of CVI was associated with all outcomes including death. Conclusions The definition using a threshold BP alone was not consistently associated with adverse short term outcomes. Using only a threshold BP to determine therapy may not improve outcomes. PMID:25825962

47 CFR 90.913 - Record maintenance and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... such files for the term of the license. (b) Definitions. The terms small and very small business used... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Record maintenance and definitions. 90.913... Radio Service § 90.913 Record maintenance and definitions. (a) Records maintenance. All winning bidders...

16 CFR 1632.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... § 1632.8 Glossary of terms, for definitions of these items. (2) This definition excludes sleeping bags..., dressing table pads, stroller pads, crib bumpers, and playpen pads. See § 1632.8 Glossary of terms, for...

16 CFR 1632.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... § 1632.8 Glossary of terms, for definitions of these items. (2) This definition excludes sleeping bags..., dressing table pads, stroller pads, crib bumpers, and playpen pads. See § 1632.8 Glossary of terms, for...

16 CFR 1632.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... § 1632.8 Glossary of terms, for definitions of these items. (2) This definition excludes sleeping bags..., dressing table pads, stroller pads, crib bumpers, and playpen pads. See § 1632.8 Glossary of terms, for...

76 FR 31410 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Prohibition on Contracting With Inverted Domestic Corporations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-31

...'' broadened the definition of the term beyond the intent of Congress as the definitions are not the same. They...: One respondent stated that failure to define the term ``subsidiary'' will result in inconsistent...: The Councils concur that the rule should provide a definition of the term ``subsidiary.'' In general...

40 CFR 261.141 - Definitions of terms as used in this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION AND LISTING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE Financial Requirements for Management of Excluded Hazardous Secondary Materials § 261.141 Definitions of terms as used in this subpart... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions of terms as used in this...

14 CFR 137.3 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definition of terms. 137.3 Section 137.3... General § 137.3 Definition of terms. For the purposes of this part— Agricultural aircraft operation means... man or other animals, which the Secretary of Agriculture shall declare to be a pest, and (2) any...

20 CFR 404.1502 - General definitions and terms for this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false General definitions and terms for this... definitions and terms for this subpart. As used in the subpart— Acceptable medical source refers to one of the... administrative review process, and at the Federal reviewing official, administrative law judge, and Decision...

33 CFR 100.05 - Definition of terms used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definition of terms used in this part. 100.05 Section 100.05 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY REGATTAS AND MARINE PARADES SAFETY OF LIFE ON NAVIGABLE WATERS § 100.05 Definition of terms used...

33 CFR 100.05 - Definition of terms used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definition of terms used in this part. 100.05 Section 100.05 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY REGATTAS AND MARINE PARADES SAFETY OF LIFE ON NAVIGABLE WATERS § 100.05 Definition of terms used...

18 CFR 1314.2 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... PROCEDURES FOR TVA POWER SECURITIES ISSUED THROUGH THE FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS § 1314.2 Definition of terms... name of a Participant at a Reserve Bank to which Book-entry TVA Power Securities held for a Participant... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Definition of terms...

17 CFR 250.80 - Definitions of terms used in rules under section 13.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions of terms used in..., Sales and Construction Contracts § 250.80 Definitions of terms used in rules under section 13. As used... context otherwise requires: (a) Service means any managerial, financial, legal, engineering, purchasing...

7 CFR 30.1 - Definitions of terms used in classification of leaf tobacco.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions of terms used in classification of leaf... STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS TOBACCO STOCKS AND STANDARDS Classification of Leaf Tobacco Covering Classes, Types and Groups of Grades § 30.1 Definitions of terms used in classification of leaf tobacco. For the...

7 CFR 30.1 - Definitions of terms used in classification of leaf tobacco.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions of terms used in classification of leaf... STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS TOBACCO STOCKS AND STANDARDS Classification of Leaf Tobacco Covering Classes, Types and Groups of Grades § 30.1 Definitions of terms used in classification of leaf tobacco. For the...

7 CFR 30.1 - Definitions of terms used in classification of leaf tobacco.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definitions of terms used in classification of leaf... STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS TOBACCO STOCKS AND STANDARDS Classification of Leaf Tobacco Covering Classes, Types and Groups of Grades § 30.1 Definitions of terms used in classification of leaf tobacco. For the...

7 CFR 30.1 - Definitions of terms used in classification of leaf tobacco.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definitions of terms used in classification of leaf... STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS TOBACCO STOCKS AND STANDARDS Classification of Leaf Tobacco Covering Classes, Types and Groups of Grades § 30.1 Definitions of terms used in classification of leaf tobacco. For the...

7 CFR 30.1 - Definitions of terms used in classification of leaf tobacco.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definitions of terms used in classification of leaf... STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS TOBACCO STOCKS AND STANDARDS Classification of Leaf Tobacco Covering Classes, Types and Groups of Grades § 30.1 Definitions of terms used in classification of leaf tobacco. For the...

12 CFR 811.0 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definition of terms. 811.0 Section 811.0 Banks and Banking FEDERAL FINANCING BANK BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURE FOR FEDERAL FINANCING BANK SECURITIES § 811.0 Definition of terms. In this part, unless the context otherwise requires or indicates: (a) Reserve Bank means...

The definition of polytrauma: the need for international consensus.

PubMed

Butcher, Nerida; Balogh, Zsolt J

2009-11-01

Polytrauma patients represent the ultimate challenge to trauma care and the optimisation of their care is a major focus of clinical and basic science research. A universally accepted definition for polytrauma is vital for comparing datasets and conducting multicentre trials. The purpose of this review is to identify and evaluate the published definitions of the term "polytrauma". A literature search was conducted for the time period January 1950-August 2008. The Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched using the keyword "polytrauma". Articles were evaluated without language exclusion for the occurrence of the word "polytrauma" in the text and the presence of a subsequent definition. Relevant online resources and medical dictionaries were also reviewed. A total of 1,665 publications used the term polytrauma, 47 of which included a definition of the term. The available definitions can be divided into eight groups according to the crux of the definition. No uniformly used consensus definition exists. None of the existing definitions were found to be validated or supported by evidence higher than Level 4. This review identified the lack of a validated or consensus definition of the term polytrauma. The international trauma community should consider establishing a consensus definition for polytrauma, which could be validated prospectively and serve as a basis for future research.

12 CFR 208.77 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... BANKING INSTITUTIONS IN THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (REGULATION H) Financial Subsidiaries of State Member... rating of 1 or 2 under the Uniform Financial Institutions Rating System (or an equivalent rating under an.... 1841). (b) Appropriate Federal Banking Agency, Depository Institution, Insured Bank and Insured...

30 CFR 7.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... was issued. Equivalent non-MSHA product safety standards. A non-MSHA product safety standard, or group... this part. Applicant. An individual or organization that manufactures or controls the assembly of a... technical requirements and have been manufactured as approved. Technical requirements. The design and...

30 CFR 7.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... was issued. Equivalent non-MSHA product safety standards. A non-MSHA product safety standard, or group... this part. Applicant. An individual or organization that manufactures or controls the assembly of a... technical requirements and have been manufactured as approved. Technical requirements. The design and...

49 CFR 214.7 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... part. Equivalent means alternative designs, materials, or methods that the railroad or railroad... them. Control operator means the railroad employee in charge of a remotely controlled switch or derail... by a train dispatcher or a control operator. Deceleration device means any mechanism, including, but...

30 CFR 7.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... was issued. Equivalent non-MSHA product safety standards. A non-MSHA product safety standard, or group... this part. Applicant. An individual or organization that manufactures or controls the assembly of a... technical requirements and have been manufactured as approved. Technical requirements. The design and...

49 CFR 214.7 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... part. Equivalent means alternative designs, materials, or methods that the railroad or railroad... them. Control operator means the railroad employee in charge of a remotely controlled switch or derail... by a train dispatcher or a control operator. Deceleration device means any mechanism, including, but...

30 CFR 7.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... was issued. Equivalent non-MSHA product safety standards. A non-MSHA product safety standard, or group... this part. Applicant. An individual or organization that manufactures or controls the assembly of a... technical requirements and have been manufactured as approved. Technical requirements. The design and...

30 CFR 7.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... was issued. Equivalent non-MSHA product safety standards. A non-MSHA product safety standard, or group... this part. Applicant. An individual or organization that manufactures or controls the assembly of a... technical requirements and have been manufactured as approved. Technical requirements. The design and...

49 CFR 214.7 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... part. Equivalent means alternative designs, materials, or methods that the railroad or railroad... them. Control operator means the railroad employee in charge of a remotely controlled switch or derail... by a train dispatcher or a control operator. Deceleration device means any mechanism, including, but...

49 CFR 239.7 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... the Administrator's delegate. Control center means a central location on a railroad with....g., a superintendent, division manager, or equivalent), who has jurisdiction over a portion of the... passenger train emergency. Emergency response communications center means a central location, or a group of...

25 CFR 161.1 - What definitions do I need to know?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... following: (1) One adult sheep or goat is equivalent to one-fifth (0.20) of an AU; (2) One adult horse, mule..., cattle, sheep, goats, mules, burros, donkeys, and llamas. Management Unit is a subdivision of a...

25 CFR 161.1 - What definitions do I need to know?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... following: (1) One adult sheep or goat is equivalent to one-fifth (0.20) of an AU; (2) One adult horse, mule..., cattle, sheep, goats, mules, burros, donkeys, and llamas. Management Unit is a subdivision of a...

25 CFR 161.1 - What definitions do I need to know?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... following: (1) One adult sheep or goat is equivalent to one-fifth (0.20) of an AU; (2) One adult horse, mule..., cattle, sheep, goats, mules, burros, donkeys, and llamas. Management Unit is a subdivision of a...

42 CFR 62.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... means those programs of graduate training in medicine, osteopathy, dentistry or other health professions..., osteopathy, dentistry or an equivalent credential for a particular health profession who is enrolled for a... the Secretary. School means a school of medicine, osteopathy, dentistry, or other health profession...

32 CFR 1700.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the dollar value equivalent in other media; (d) Reproduction means generation of a copy of a requested... elementary or secondary school, an institution of undergraduate higher education, an institution of graduate higher education, an institution of professional education, or an institution of vocational education...

7 CFR 3402.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) COOPERATIVE STATE RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND EXTENSION... from a school providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate, (2) Is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education, (3...

40 CFR 271.26 - Requirements for used oil management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... marketers which are equivalent to those under subpart H of part 279 of this chapter; and (g) Standards for...) and (b) Sec. 279.66(b) Sec. 279.72(b) 1 Contains additional new definitions that were not included in...

Lexical Resources and Their Application.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gellerstam, Martin

This paper discusses computer-based resources for lexical data and their uses. First, the kinds of lexical data available are described, including those related to form (spelling, pronunciation, inflection, word class), meaning (definition/equivalent, synonyms/antonyms/hyperonyms, thesaurus classification), context (grammatical collocations,…

40 CFR 455.41 - Special definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... being used contains the appropriate pollution control technologies (or equivalent systems/pesticide... appropriate permitting authority, e.g., the local Control Authority (the POTW) or NPDES permit writer which... written submission to the appropriate permitting authority, e.g., the local Control Authority (the POTW...

40 CFR 86.090-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... chamber. Total hydrocarbon equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass emissions of non-oxygenated... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical Diesel combustion cycle. The non-use of a...

40 CFR 455.41 - Special definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... being used contains the appropriate pollution control technologies (or equivalent systems/pesticide... appropriate permitting authority, e.g., the local Control Authority (the POTW) or NPDES permit writer which... written submission to the appropriate permitting authority, e.g., the local Control Authority (the POTW...

40 CFR 86.090-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... chamber. Total hydrocarbon equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass emissions of non-oxygenated... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical Diesel combustion cycle. The non-use of a...

40 CFR 86.090-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... chamber. Total hydrocarbon equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass emissions of non-oxygenated... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical Diesel combustion cycle. The non-use of a...

16 CFR § 1632.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... § 1632.8 Glossary of terms, for definitions of these items. (2) This definition excludes sleeping bags..., dressing table pads, stroller pads, crib bumpers, and playpen pads. See § 1632.8 Glossary of terms, for...

Cerebellar Volume and Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at Term, and Neurodevelopment at 2 Years of Age in Preterm Infants

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van Kooij, Britt J. M.; Benders, Manon J. N. L.; Anbeek, Petronella; van Haastert, Ingrid C.; de Vries, Linda S.; Groenendaal, Floris

2012-01-01

Aim: To assess the relation between cerebellar volume and spectroscopy at term equivalent age, and neurodevelopment at 24 months corrected age in preterm infants. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed around term equivalent age in 112 preterm infants (mean gestational age 28wks 3d [SD 1wk 5d]; birthweight 1129g [SD 324g]).…

50 CFR 300.11 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 300.11 Section 300.11... High Seas Fisheries § 300.11 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined in section 300.2 and those... following meanings. If a term is defined differently in § 300.2, the Act, or the Agreement, the definition...

Effects of Textbook and Teacher Definitions on Student Definitions of Psychology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Romer, Gail H.; Henley, Tracy B.

Two teachers gathered psychology definitions from 1,000 college students enrolled in introductory psychology classes on the first and last days of class during two successive fall terms at the University of Tennessee. A word analysis of first-day definitions suggested three major themes: behavior, mind/brain, and environment. These terms showed…

46 CFR 1.03-10 - Definition of terms used in this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Definition of terms used in this subpart. (a) The term recognized classification society means the American Bureau of Shipping or other classification society recognized by the Commandant. (b) The term new vessel...

Erosional Equivalences of Levees: Steady and Intermittent Wave Overtopping

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

represents the proportion of the individual wave period for which the runup exceeds the levee crest. We require that the average Still Water Level1 tan α zc R... Levee Fig. 5. Definition sketch for potential wave runup. Runu p , R Centroids of Equal Runup Probabilities R m in = z c Pr ob ab ili ty D en si...Erosional equivalences of levees : Steady and intermittent wave overtopping R.G. Dean a, J.D. Rosati b, T.L. Walton c, B.L. Edge d , a Department of

34 CFR 668.182 - Definitions of terms used in this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions of terms used in this subpart. 668.182 Section 668.182 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STUDENT ASSISTANCE GENERAL PROVISIONS Two Year Cohort Default Rates § 668.182 Definitions of terms...

20 CFR 416.201 - General definitions and terms used in this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false General definitions and terms used in this... INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Eligibility General § 416.201 General definitions and terms used... public institution and has no currently usable place to live. By custody we mean the care and control of...

31 CFR 306.2 - Definitions of words and terms as used in these regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions of words and terms as used in these regulations. 306.2 Section 306.2 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... GENERAL REGULATIONS GOVERNING U.S. SECURITIES General Information § 306.2 Definitions of words and terms...

40 CFR Figure 1 to Subpart G of... - Definitions of Terms Used in Wastewater Equations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions of Terms Used in Wastewater... Chemical Manufacturing Industry for Process Vents, Storage Vessels, Transfer Operations, and Wastewater Pt. 63, Subpt. G, Fig. 1 Figure 1 to Subpart G of Part 63—Definitions of Terms Used in Wastewater...

Current Status of NASDA Terminology Database

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kato, Akira

2002-01-01

NASDA Terminology Database System provides the English and Japanese terms, abbreviations, definition and reference documents. Recent progress includes a service to provide abbreviation data from the NASDA Home Page, and publishing a revised NASDA bilingual dictionary. Our next efforts to improve the system are (1) to combine our data with the data of NASA THESAURUS, (2) to add terms from new academic and engineering fields that have begun to have relations with space activities, and (3) to revise the NASDA Definition List. To combine our data with the NASA THESAURUS database we must consider the difference between the database concepts. Further effort to select adequate terms is thus required. Terms must be added from other fields to deal with microgravity experiments, human factors and so on. Some examples of new terms to be added have been collected. To revise the NASDA terms definition list, NASA and ESA definition lists were surveyed and a general concept to revise the NASDA definition list was proposed. I expect these activities will contribute to the IAA dictionary.

Implicit kernel sparse shape representation: a sparse-neighbors-based objection segmentation framework.

PubMed

Yao, Jincao; Yu, Huimin; Hu, Roland

2017-01-01

This paper introduces a new implicit-kernel-sparse-shape-representation-based object segmentation framework. Given an input object whose shape is similar to some of the elements in the training set, the proposed model can automatically find a cluster of implicit kernel sparse neighbors to approximately represent the input shape and guide the segmentation. A distance-constrained probabilistic definition together with a dualization energy term is developed to connect high-level shape representation and low-level image information. We theoretically prove that our model not only derives from two projected convex sets but is also equivalent to a sparse-reconstruction-error-based representation in the Hilbert space. Finally, a "wake-sleep"-based segmentation framework is applied to drive the evolutionary curve to recover the original shape of the object. We test our model on two public datasets. Numerical experiments on both synthetic images and real applications show the superior capabilities of the proposed framework.

Quantifying fluctuations in reversible enzymatic cycles and clocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wierenga, Harmen; ten Wolde, Pieter Rein; Becker, Nils B.

2018-04-01

Biochemical reactions are fundamentally noisy at a molecular scale. This limits the precision of reaction networks, but it also allows fluctuation measurements that may reveal the structure and dynamics of the underlying biochemical network. Here, we study nonequilibrium reaction cycles, such as the mechanochemical cycle of molecular motors, the phosphorylation cycle of circadian clock proteins, or the transition state cycle of enzymes. Fluctuations in such cycles may be measured using either of two classical definitions of the randomness parameter, which we show to be equivalent in general microscopically reversible cycles. We define a stochastic period for reversible cycles and present analytical solutions for its moments. Furthermore, we associate the two forms of the randomness parameter with the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, which sets limits on the timing precision of the cycle in terms of thermodynamic quantities. Our results should prove useful also for the study of temporal fluctuations in more general networks.

42 CFR 66.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... purposes of Awards under the Minority Access to Research Careers programs of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences and the Career Opportunities in Research Education and Training programs of the..., veterinary medicine, engineering, nursing sciences, public health, or equivalent degree. [48 FR 24880, June 3...

40 CFR 92.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means any element of design which senses temperature, locomotive... those devices, systems or elements of design which control or reduce the emission of substances from an... Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and...

40 CFR 92.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means any element of design which senses temperature, locomotive... those devices, systems or elements of design which control or reduce the emission of substances from an... Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and...

40 CFR 1065.1001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-control system means any device, system, or element of design that controls or reduces the emissions of... of 1.85:1. Total hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE) means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non....1001 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS...

40 CFR 92.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means any element of design which senses temperature, locomotive... those devices, systems or elements of design which control or reduce the emission of substances from an... Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and...

40 CFR 94.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... emission control device (AECD) means any element of design which senses temperature, vessel speed, engine... means those devices, systems or elements of design which control or reduce the emission of substances.... Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated...

40 CFR 94.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... emission control device (AECD) means any element of design which senses temperature, vessel speed, engine... means those devices, systems or elements of design which control or reduce the emission of substances.... Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated...

40 CFR 94.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... emission control device (AECD) means any element of design which senses temperature, vessel speed, engine... means those devices, systems or elements of design which control or reduce the emission of substances.... Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated...

40 CFR 1065.1001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-control system means any device, system, or element of design that controls or reduces the emissions of... of 1.85:1. Total hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE) means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non....1001 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS...

40 CFR 92.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means any element of design which senses temperature, locomotive... those devices, systems or elements of design which control or reduce the emission of substances from an... Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and...

40 CFR 94.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... emission control device (AECD) means any element of design which senses temperature, vessel speed, engine... means those devices, systems or elements of design which control or reduce the emission of substances.... Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated...

40 CFR 92.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means any element of design which senses temperature, locomotive... those devices, systems or elements of design which control or reduce the emission of substances from an... Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and...

40 CFR 94.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... emission control device (AECD) means any element of design which senses temperature, vessel speed, engine... means those devices, systems or elements of design which control or reduce the emission of substances.... Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated...

46 CFR 515.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... by or under the control of a licensee for the purpose of rendering intermediary services, which.... (l) Non-vessel-operating common carrier services refers to the provision of transportation by water... agreements with underlying shippers; (4) Issuing bills of lading or equivalent documents; (5) Arranging for...

46 CFR 515.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... by or under the control of a licensee for the purpose of rendering intermediary services, which.... (l) Non-vessel-operating common carrier services refers to the provision of transportation by water... agreements with underlying shippers; (4) Issuing bills of lading or equivalent documents; (5) Arranging for...

42 CFR 52h.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... understanding to develop useful materials, devices, systems, or methods. (u) Scientific review group has the... PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS SCIENTIFIC PEER REVIEW OF RESEARCH... the review (the Scientific Review Administrator or equivalent) will evaluate the appearance of a...

42 CFR 52h.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... understanding to develop useful materials, devices, systems, or methods. (u) Scientific review group has the... PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS SCIENTIFIC PEER REVIEW OF RESEARCH... the review (the Scientific Review Administrator or equivalent) will evaluate the appearance of a...

42 CFR 52h.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... understanding to develop useful materials, devices, systems, or methods. (u) Scientific review group has the... PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS SCIENTIFIC PEER REVIEW OF RESEARCH... the review (the Scientific Review Administrator or equivalent) will evaluate the appearance of a...

14 CFR 121.907 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... available to crewmembers, including each other, to achieve a safe and efficient flight. Curriculum outline means a listing of each segment, module, lesson, and lesson element in a curriculum, or an equivalent... continuing qualification curriculum. First Look is conducted during an AQP continuing qualification cycle to...

7 CFR 3431.3 - Definitions and acronyms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AGRICULTURE VETERINARY MEDICINE LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM Designation of Veterinarian Shortage Situations § 3431... veterinarian, or equivalent, who will be responsible for nominating and certifying veterinarian shortage... process in subpart A of this part, determines has a shortage of veterinarians: (1) Geographical areas that...

7 CFR 3431.3 - Definitions and acronyms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AGRICULTURE VETERINARY MEDICINE LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM Designation of Veterinarian Shortage Situations § 3431... veterinarian, or equivalent, who will be responsible for nominating and certifying veterinarian shortage... process in subpart A of this part, determines has a shortage of veterinarians: (1) Geographical areas that...

7 CFR 3431.3 - Definitions and acronyms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AGRICULTURE VETERINARY MEDICINE LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM Designation of Veterinarian Shortage Situations § 3431... veterinarian, or equivalent, who will be responsible for nominating and certifying veterinarian shortage... process in subpart A of this part, determines has a shortage of veterinarians: (1) Geographical areas that...

On the Equivalence of Formal Grammars and Machines.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lund, Bruce

1991-01-01

Explores concepts of formal language and automata theory underlying computational linguistics. A computational formalism is described known as a "logic grammar," with which computational systems process linguistic data, with examples in declarative and procedural semantics and definite clause grammars. (13 references) (CB)

7 CFR 3402.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate, (2) Is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education, (3) Provides an educational program for... development of food and agriculturally related products and services, inclusive of programs in agriculture...

40 CFR 88.102-94 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... standard. Non-methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass emissions of non-oxygenated non-methane hydrocarbons plus the carbon mass emissions of alcohols, aldehydes, or other organic..., expressed as gasoline-fueled vehicle non-methane hydrocarbons. In the case of exhaust emissions, the...

40 CFR 88.102-94 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... standard. Non-methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass emissions of non-oxygenated non-methane hydrocarbons plus the carbon mass emissions of alcohols, aldehydes, or other organic..., expressed as gasoline-fueled vehicle non-methane hydrocarbons. In the case of exhaust emissions, the...

40 CFR 88.102-94 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... standard. Non-methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass emissions of non-oxygenated non-methane hydrocarbons plus the carbon mass emissions of alcohols, aldehydes, or other organic..., expressed as gasoline-fueled vehicle non-methane hydrocarbons. In the case of exhaust emissions, the...

40 CFR 88.102-94 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... standard. Non-methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass emissions of non-oxygenated non-methane hydrocarbons plus the carbon mass emissions of alcohols, aldehydes, or other organic..., expressed as gasoline-fueled vehicle non-methane hydrocarbons. In the case of exhaust emissions, the...

29 CFR 1910.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Code or equivalent: ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code... pressure: The pressure at which a pressure containment device would fail structurally. Cylinder: A pressure vessel for the storage of gases. Decompression chamber: A pressure vessel for human occupancy such as a...

29 CFR 1910.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Code or equivalent: ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code... pressure: The pressure at which a pressure containment device would fail structurally. Cylinder: A pressure vessel for the storage of gases. Decompression chamber: A pressure vessel for human occupancy such as a...

29 CFR 1910.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Code or equivalent: ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code... pressure: The pressure at which a pressure containment device would fail structurally. Cylinder: A pressure vessel for the storage of gases. Decompression chamber: A pressure vessel for human occupancy such as a...

40 CFR 86.094-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... methane. Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass emissions of non-oxygenated... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... Loaded Vehicle Weight means the numerical average of vehicle curb weight and GVWR. Bi-directional control...

40 CFR 455.41 - Special definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... system being used contains the appropriate pollution control technologies (or equivalent systems... the appropriate permitting authority, e.g., the local Control Authority (the POTW) or NPDES permit... Control Authority (the POTW) or NPDES permit writer, which states that the P2 Alternative is being...

40 CFR 455.41 - Special definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... system being used contains the appropriate pollution control technologies (or equivalent systems... the appropriate permitting authority, e.g., the local Control Authority (the POTW) or NPDES permit... Control Authority (the POTW) or NPDES permit writer, which states that the P2 Alternative is being...

40 CFR 86.094-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... methane. Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass emissions of non-oxygenated... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... Loaded Vehicle Weight means the numerical average of vehicle curb weight and GVWR. Bi-directional control...

40 CFR 86.094-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... methane. Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass emissions of non-oxygenated... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... Loaded Vehicle Weight means the numerical average of vehicle curb weight and GVWR. Bi-directional control...

40 CFR 86.094-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... methane. Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass emissions of non-oxygenated... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... Loaded Vehicle Weight means the numerical average of vehicle curb weight and GVWR. Bi-directional control...

40 CFR 455.41 - Special definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... system being used contains the appropriate pollution control technologies (or equivalent systems... the appropriate permitting authority, e.g., the local Control Authority (the POTW) or NPDES permit... Control Authority (the POTW) or NPDES permit writer, which states that the P2 Alternative is being...

40 CFR 86.094-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... methane. Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass emissions of non-oxygenated... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... Loaded Vehicle Weight means the numerical average of vehicle curb weight and GVWR. Bi-directional control...

15 CFR 801.7 - General definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... subject to the jurisdiction of a country other than the United States. (g) Business enterprise means any... voting stock of an incorporated business enterprise, or an equivalent ownership interest in an unincorporated business enterprise, which is located outside that country. (k) Affiliate means a business...

A Natural Language Processing System That Links Medical Terms in Electronic Health Record Notes to Lay Definitions: System Development Using Physician Reviews.

PubMed

Chen, Jinying; Druhl, Emily; Polepalli Ramesh, Balaji; Houston, Thomas K; Brandt, Cynthia A; Zulman, Donna M; Vimalananda, Varsha G; Malkani, Samir; Yu, Hong

2018-01-22

Many health care systems now allow patients to access their electronic health record (EHR) notes online through patient portals. Medical jargon in EHR notes can confuse patients, which may interfere with potential benefits of patient access to EHR notes. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the usability and content quality of NoteAid, a Web-based natural language processing system that links medical terms in EHR notes to lay definitions, that is, definitions easily understood by lay people. NoteAid incorporates two core components: CoDeMed, a lexical resource of lay definitions for medical terms, and MedLink, a computational unit that links medical terms to lay definitions. We developed innovative computational methods, including an adapted distant supervision algorithm to prioritize medical terms important for EHR comprehension to facilitate the effort of building CoDeMed. Ten physician domain experts evaluated the user interface and content quality of NoteAid. The evaluation protocol included a cognitive walkthrough session and a postsession questionnaire. Physician feedback sessions were audio-recorded. We used standard content analysis methods to analyze qualitative data from these sessions. Physician feedback was mixed. Positive feedback on NoteAid included (1) Easy to use, (2) Good visual display, (3) Satisfactory system speed, and (4) Adequate lay definitions. Opportunities for improvement arising from evaluation sessions and feedback included (1) improving the display of definitions for partially matched terms, (2) including more medical terms in CoDeMed, (3) improving the handling of terms whose definitions vary depending on different contexts, and (4) standardizing the scope of definitions for medicines. On the basis of these results, we have improved NoteAid's user interface and a number of definitions, and added 4502 more definitions in CoDeMed. Physician evaluation yielded useful feedback for content validation and refinement of this innovative tool that has the potential to improve patient EHR comprehension and experience using patient portals. Future ongoing work will develop algorithms to handle ambiguous medical terms and test and evaluate NoteAid with patients. ©Jinying Chen, Emily Druhl, Balaji Polepalli Ramesh, Thomas K Houston, Cynthia A Brandt, Donna M Zulman, Varsha G Vimalananda, Samir Malkani, Hong Yu. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 22.01.2018.

24 CFR 15.2 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What definitions apply to this part... PRODUCTION OF INFORMATION BY HUD EMPLOYEES Purpose and Policy § 15.2 What definitions apply to this part? The following definitions apply to this part. (a) Terms defined in part 5 of this title. The terms HUD...

A glossary for avian conservation biology

USGS Publications Warehouse

Koford, Rolf R.; Dunning, J.B.; Ribic, C.A.; Finch, D.M.

1994-01-01

This glossary provides standard definitions for many of the terms used in avian conservation biology. We compiled these definitions to assist communication among researchers, managers, and others involved in the Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Program, also known as Partners in Flight. We used existing glossaries and recent literature to prepare this glossary. The cited sources were not necessarily the first ones to use the terms. Many definitions were taken verbatim from the cited source material. Others were modified slightly to clarify the meaning. Definitions that were modified to a greater extent are indicated as being adapted from the originals. Terms that have been used in more than one way by different authors are listed with numbered alternative definitions if the definitions differ substantially.

45 CFR 2544.110 - What definitions apply to terms used in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... applying the authority of the Government or the use of value judgment in making a decision for the... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false What definitions apply to terms used in this part... definitions apply to terms used in this part? (a) Donation means a transfer of money, property, or services to...

46 CFR 42.13-15 - Definitions of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Definitions of terms. 42.13-15 Section 42.13-15 Shipping... General Rules for Determining Load Lines § 42.13-15 Definitions of terms. (a) Length. The length (L) shall... measured from the top of the keel, or as the length from the foreside of the stem to the axis of the rudder...

31 CFR 342.1 - Definition of words and terms used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definition of words and terms used in this part. 342.1 Section 342.1 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... SAVINGS NOTES § 342.1 Definition of words and terms used in this part. (a) Payroll savings plan refers to...

31 CFR 339.1 - Definitions of words and terms as used in this circular.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions of words and terms as used in this circular. 339.1 Section 339.1 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money... OFFERING OF UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS, SERIES H § 339.1 Definitions of words and terms as used in this...

29 CFR 4.1a - Definitions and use of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... includes any determination of minimum wage rates or fringe benefits made pursuant to the provisions of... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Definitions and use of terms. 4.1a Section 4.1a Labor Office... Standards Provisions and Procedures § 4.1a Definitions and use of terms. As used in this part, unless...

Baseline Equivalence. WWC Standards Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

What Works Clearinghouse, 2017

2017-01-01

The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) uses the term "baseline equivalence" when determining if the intervention group (those that received the intervention of interest) and the comparison group (those that did not receive the intervention) had characteristics that were similar enough ("equivalent") at the start of the study (at…

A mathematical analysis to address the 6 degree-of-freedom segmental power imbalance.

PubMed

Ebrahimi, Anahid; Collins, John D; Kepple, Thomas M; Takahashi, Kota Z; Higginson, Jill S; Stanhope, Steven J

2018-01-03

Segmental power is used in human movement analyses to indicate the source and net rate of energy transfer between the rigid bodies of biomechanical models. Segmental power calculations are performed using segment endpoint dynamics (kinetic method). A theoretically equivalent method is to measure the rate of change in a segment's mechanical energy state (kinematic method). However, these two methods have not produced experimentally equivalent results for segments proximal to the foot, with the difference in methods deemed the "power imbalance." In a 6 degree-of-freedom model, segments move independently, resulting in relative segment endpoint displacement and non-equivalent segment endpoint velocities at a joint. In the kinetic method, a segment's distal end translational velocity may be defined either at the anatomical end of the segment or at the location of the joint center (defined here as the proximal end of the adjacent distal segment). Our mathematical derivations revealed the power imbalance between the kinetic method using the anatomical definition and the kinematic method can be explained by power due to relative segment endpoint displacement. In this study, we tested this analytical prediction through experimental gait data from nine healthy subjects walking at a typical speed. The average absolute segmental power imbalance was reduced from 0.023 to 0.046 W/kg using the anatomical definition to ≤0.001 W/kg using the joint center definition in the kinetic method (95.56-98.39% reduction). Power due to relative segment endpoint displacement in segmental power analyses is substantial and should be considered in analyzing energetic flow into and between segments. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Optical Distortion Evaluation in Large Area Windows using Interferometry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Youngquist, Robert C.; Skow, Miles; Nurge, Mark A.

2015-01-01

It is important that imagery seen through large area windows, such as those used on space vehicles, not be substantially distorted. Many approaches are described in the literature for measuring the distortion of an optical window, but most suffer from either poor resolution or processing difficulties. In this paper a new definition of distortion is presented, allowing accurate measurement using an optical interferometer. This new definition is shown to be equivalent to the definitions provided by the military and the standards organizations. In order to determine the advantages and disadvantages of this new approach the distortion of an acrylic window is measured using three different methods; image comparison, Moiré interferometry, and phase-shifting interferometry.

A Comparison of Three Methods for Measuring Distortion in Optical Windows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Youngquist, Robert C.; Nurge, Mark A.; Skow, Miles

2015-01-01

It's important that imagery seen through large-area windows, such as those used on space vehicles, not be substantially distorted. Many approaches are described in the literature for measuring the distortion of an optical window, but most suffer from either poor resolution or processing difficulties. In this paper a new definition of distortion is presented, allowing accurate measurement using an optical interferometer. This new definition is shown to be equivalent to the definitions provided by the military and the standards organizations. In order to determine the advantages and disadvantages of this new approach, the distortion of an acrylic window is measured using three different methods: image comparison, moiré interferometry, and phase-shifting interferometry.

[Comments on Nigel Wiseman's A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine: on the use of Western medical terms in English glossary of Chinese medicine].

PubMed

Xie, Zhu-fan; Liu, Gan-zhong; Lu, Wei-bo

2005-11-01

Mr. Wiseman believes that Western medical terms chosen as equivalents of Chinese medical terms should be the words known to all speakers and not requiring any specialist knowledge or instrumentation to understand or identify, and strictly technical Western medical terms should be avoided regardless of their conceptual conformity to the Chinese terms. According to such criteria, many inappropriate Western medical terms are selected as English equivalents by the authors of the Dictionary, and on the other hand, many ready-made appropriate Western medical terms are replaced by loan English terms with the Chinese style of word formation. The experience obtained by translating Western medical terms into Chinese when Western medicine was first introduced to China should be helpful for developing English equivalents at present. However, the authors of the Dictionary adhere to their own opinions and reject others' experience. The English terms thus created do not reflect the genuine meaning of the Chinese terms, but make the English glossary in chaos. The so-called true face of traditional Chinese revealed by such terms is merely the Chinese custom of word formation and metaphoric rhetoric. In other words, traditional Chinese medicine is not regarded as a system of medicine but merely some Oriental folklore.

The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms

PubMed Central

Ludvigsson, Jonas F; Leffler, Daniel A; Bai, Julio; Biagi, Federico; Fasano, Alessio; Green, Peter HR; Hadjivassiliou, Marios; Kaukinen, Katri; Kelly, Ciaran; Leonard, Jonathan N; Lundin, Knut E; Murray, Joseph A; Sanders, David S; Walker, Marjorie M; Zingone, Fabiana; Ciacci, Carolina

2012-01-01

Background The literature suggests a lack of consensus on the use of terms related to coeliac disease (CD) and gluten. Methods A multi-disciplinary task force of 16 physicians from 7 countries used the electronic database PubMed to review the literature with regards to CD-related terms up to January 2011. Teams of physicians then suggested a definition for each term, followed by feedback of these definitions through a web survey on definitions, discussions during a meeting in Oslo, and phone conferences. We evaluated the following terms (in alphabetical order): Coeliac disease and the following descriptors of CD: asymptomatic, atypical, classical, latent, non-classical, overt, paediatric classical, potential, refractory, silent, subclinical, symptomatic, typical, CD serology, CD autoimmunity, genetically at risk of CD, dermatitis herpetiformis, gluten, gluten ataxia, gluten intolerance, gluten sensitivity, and gliadin-specific antibodies. Results CD was defined as “a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy precipitated by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals”. Classical CD was defined as “CD presenting with signs and symptoms of malabsorption. Diarrhoea, steatorrhoea, weight loss or growth failure is required.” We suggest that “gluten-related disorders” is the umbrella term for all diseases triggered by gluten and that the term gluten intolerance is not to be used. Other definitions are presented in the paper. Conclusion This paper presents the Oslo definitions for CD-related terms. PMID:22345659

Introducing a new methodology for the calculation of local philicity and multiphilic descriptor: an alternative to the finite difference approximation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sánchez-Márquez, Jesús; Zorrilla, David; García, Víctor; Fernández, Manuel

2018-07-01

This work presents a new development based on the condensation scheme proposed by Chamorro and Pérez, in which new terms to correct the frozen molecular orbital approximation have been introduced (improved frontier molecular orbital approximation). The changes performed on the original development allow taking into account the orbital relaxation effects, providing equivalent results to those achieved by the finite difference approximation and leading also to a methodology with great advantages. Local reactivity indices based on this new development have been obtained for a sample set of molecules and they have been compared with those indices based on the frontier molecular orbital and finite difference approximations. A new definition based on the improved frontier molecular orbital methodology for the dual descriptor index is also shown. In addition, taking advantage of the characteristics of the definitions obtained with the new condensation scheme, the descriptor local philicity is analysed by separating the components corresponding to the frontier molecular orbital approximation and orbital relaxation effects, analysing also the local parameter multiphilic descriptor in the same way. Finally, the effect of using the basis set is studied and calculations using DFT, CI and Möller-Plesset methodologies are performed to analyse the consequence of different electronic-correlation levels.

The Current Status of Usability Studies of Information Technologies in China: A Systematic Study

PubMed Central

Lei, Jianbo; Xu, Lufei; Meng, Qun; Zhang, Jiajie; Gong, Yang

2014-01-01

Objectives. To systematically review and analyze the current status and characteristics of usability studies in China in the field of information technology in general and in the field of healthcare in particular. Methods. We performed a quantitative literature analysis in three major Chinese academic databases and one English language database using Chinese search terms equivalent to the concept of usability. Results. Six hundred forty-seven publications were selected for analysis. We found that in China the literature on usability in the field of information technology began in 1994 and increased thereafter. The usability definitions from ISO 9241-11:1998 and Nielsen (1993) have been widely recognized and cited. Authors who have published several publications are rare. Fourteen journals have a publishing rate over 1%. Only nine publications about HIT were identified. Discussions. China's usability research started relatively late. There is a lack of organized research teams and dedicated usability journals. High-impact theoretical studies are scarce. On the application side, no original and systematic research frameworks have been developed. The understanding and definition of usability is not well synchronized with international norms. Besides, usability research in HIT is rare. Conclusions. More human and material resources need to be invested in China's usability research, particularly in HIT. PMID:25050362

Local chemical potential, local hardness, and dual descriptors in temperature dependent chemical reactivity theory.

PubMed

Franco-Pérez, Marco; Ayers, Paul W; Gázquez, José L; Vela, Alberto

2017-05-31

In this work we establish a new temperature dependent procedure within the grand canonical ensemble, to avoid the Dirac delta function exhibited by some of the second order chemical reactivity descriptors based on density functional theory, at a temperature of 0 K. Through the definition of a local chemical potential designed to integrate to the global temperature dependent electronic chemical potential, the local chemical hardness is expressed in terms of the derivative of this local chemical potential with respect to the average number of electrons. For the three-ground-states ensemble model, this local hardness contains a term that is equal to the one intuitively proposed by Meneses, Tiznado, Contreras and Fuentealba, which integrates to the global hardness given by the difference in the first ionization potential, I, and the electron affinity, A, at any temperature. However, in the present approach one finds an additional temperature-dependent term that introduces changes at the local level and integrates to zero. Additionally, a τ-hard dual descriptor and a τ-soft dual descriptor given in terms of the product of the global hardness and the global softness multiplied by the dual descriptor, respectively, are derived. Since all these reactivity indices are given by expressions composed of terms that correspond to products of the global properties multiplied by the electrophilic or nucleophilic Fukui functions, they may be useful for studying and comparing equivalent sites in different chemical environments.

Equivalency Programmes (EPs) for Promoting Lifelong Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haddad, Caroline, Ed.

2006-01-01

Equivalency programmes (EPs) refers to alternative education programmes that are equivalent to the formal education system in terms of curriculum and certification, policy support mechanisms, mode of delivery, staff training, and other support activities such as monitoring, evaluation and assessment. The development of EPs is potentially an…

47 CFR 20.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... effectively available to a substantial portion of the public; or (b) The functional equivalent of such a... Booster. A Consumer Signal Booster designed to be operated in a fixed location in a building. Incumbent... exclusively for a licensee's internal control purposes. Location-capable handsets. Portable or mobile phones...

47 CFR 25.201 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... craft designed for traveling on water receiving from and transmitting to fixed-satellite space stations... an electronic form using Internet or World Wide Web on-line filing forms. Equivalent diameter. When... diameter of the antenna's main reflector. When non-reflector or non-circular aperture antennas are employed...

47 CFR 20.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... effectively available to a substantial portion of the public; or (b) The functional equivalent of such a... Booster. A Consumer Signal Booster designed to be operated in a fixed location in a building. Incumbent... exclusively for a licensee's internal control purposes. Location-capable handsets. Portable or mobile phones...

47 CFR 25.201 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... craft designed for traveling on water receiving from and transmitting to fixed-satellite space stations... an electronic form using Internet or World Wide Web on-line filing forms. Equivalent diameter. When... diameter of the antenna's main reflector. When non-reflector or non-circular aperture antennas are employed...

49 CFR 214.7 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) Designed to be applied, secured, uniquely tagged and removed only by the class, craft or group of employees... to perform any of the duties defined in this part. Equivalent means alternative designs, materials... authorized to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. Control operator means the railroad employee...

47 CFR 25.201 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... craft designed for traveling on water receiving from and transmitting to fixed-satellite space stations... an electronic form using Internet or World Wide Web on-line filing forms. Equivalent diameter. When... diameter of the antenna's main reflector. When non-reflector or non-circular aperture antennas are employed...

17 CFR 1.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... that directly or indirectly controls such individual, partnership, corporation or association; or (viii) A business affiliate that, directly or indirectly is controlled by or is under common control with... equivalent of fixed-price sales of the cash products and by-products of such commodity by the same person...

34 CFR 489.5 - What definitions apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FUNCTIONAL LITERACY FOR STATE AND LOCAL PRISONERS PROGRAM General § 489.5 What...— Functional literacy means at least an eighth grade equivalence, or a functional criterion score, on a nationally recognized literacy assessment. Local correctional agency means any agency of local government...

28 CFR 36.601 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... ACCOMMODATIONS AND IN COMMERCIAL FACILITIES Certification of State Laws or Local Building Codes § 36.601... means a State law or local building code or similar ordinance, or part thereof, that establishes... designee. Certification of equivalency means a final certification that a code meets or exceeds the minimum...

28 CFR 36.601 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... ACCOMMODATIONS AND IN COMMERCIAL FACILITIES Certification of State Laws or Local Building Codes § 36.601... means a State law or local building code or similar ordinance, or part thereof, that establishes... designee. Certification of equivalency means a final certification that a code meets or exceeds the minimum...

28 CFR 36.601 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... ACCOMMODATIONS AND IN COMMERCIAL FACILITIES Certification of State Laws or Local Building Codes § 36.601... means a State law or local building code or similar ordinance, or part thereof, that establishes... designee. Certification of equivalency means a final certification that a code meets or exceeds the minimum...

30 CFR 7.82 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... apply in this subpart. Brake Power. The observed power measured at the crankshaft or its equivalent when... compression ignition internal combustion engine using the basic diesel cycle where combustion results from the... collected on a specified filter medium after diluting exhaust gases with clean, filtered air at a...

15 CFR 806.7 - General definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... jurisdiction of a country other than the United States; (f) Business enterprise means any organization... indirectly, owns or controls 10 per centum or more of the voting stock of an incorporated business enterprise, or an equivalent ownership interest in an unincorporated business enterprise, which is located...

Improved Equivalent Linearization Implementations Using Nonlinear Stiffness Evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rizzi, Stephen A.; Muravyov, Alexander A.

2001-01-01

This report documents two new implementations of equivalent linearization for solving geometrically nonlinear random vibration problems of complicated structures. The implementations are given the acronym ELSTEP, for "Equivalent Linearization using a STiffness Evaluation Procedure." Both implementations of ELSTEP are fundamentally the same in that they use a novel nonlinear stiffness evaluation procedure to numerically compute otherwise inaccessible nonlinear stiffness terms from commercial finite element programs. The commercial finite element program MSC/NASTRAN (NASTRAN) was chosen as the core of ELSTEP. The FORTRAN implementation calculates the nonlinear stiffness terms and performs the equivalent linearization analysis outside of NASTRAN. The Direct Matrix Abstraction Program (DMAP) implementation performs these operations within NASTRAN. Both provide nearly identical results. Within each implementation, two error minimization approaches for the equivalent linearization procedure are available - force and strain energy error minimization. Sample results for a simply supported rectangular plate are included to illustrate the analysis procedure.

47 CFR 3.2 - Terms and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... is subject to IMF's definition. One of the monetary units used to effect accounting settlements in... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Terms and definitions. 3.2 Section 3.2 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL AUTHORIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF ACCOUNTING...

7 CFR 202.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 202.2 Section 202.2 Agriculture... RULES OF PRACTICE General § 202.2 Definitions. For the purposes of this part, the following terms shall... 20250. (j) The term person includes any individual, partnership, corporation, company, society...

Adiabaticity and gravity theory independent conservation laws for cosmological perturbations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Romano, Antonio Enea; Mooij, Sander; Sasaki, Misao

2016-04-01

We carefully study the implications of adiabaticity for the behavior of cosmological perturbations. There are essentially three similar but different definitions of non-adiabaticity: one is appropriate for a thermodynamic fluid δPnad, another is for a general matter field δPc,nad, and the last one is valid only on superhorizon scales. The first two definitions coincide if cs2 = cw2 where cs is the propagation speed of the perturbation, while cw2 = P ˙ / ρ ˙ . Assuming the adiabaticity in the general sense, δPc,nad = 0, we derive a relation between the lapse function in the comoving slicing Ac and δPnad valid for arbitrary matter field in any theory of gravity, by using only momentum conservation. The relation implies that as long as cs ≠cw, the uniform density, comoving and the proper-time slicings coincide approximately for any gravity theory and for any matter field if δPnad = 0 approximately. In the case of general relativity this gives the equivalence between the comoving curvature perturbation Rc and the uniform density curvature perturbation ζ on superhorizon scales, and their conservation. This is realized on superhorizon scales in standard slow-roll inflation. We then consider an example in which cw =cs, where δPnad = δPc,nad = 0 exactly, but the equivalence between Rc and ζ no longer holds. Namely we consider the so-called ultra slow-roll inflation. In this case both Rc and ζ are not conserved. In particular, as for ζ, we find that it is crucial to take into account the next-to-leading order term in ζ's spatial gradient expansion to show its non-conservation, even on superhorizon scales. This is an example of the fact that adiabaticity (in the thermodynamic sense) is not always enough to ensure the conservation of Rc or ζ.

The Lexicographic Treatment of Color Terms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Krista

2014-01-01

This dissertation explores the main question, "What are the issues involved in the definition and translation of color terms in dictionaries?" To answer this question, I examined color term definitions in monolingual dictionaries of French and English, and color term translations in bilingual dictionaries of French paired with nine…

Evaluation of the Houston biochemical relapse definition in men treated with prolonged neoadjuvant and adjuvant androgen ablation and assessment of follow-up lead-time bias.

PubMed

Pickles, Tom; Kim-Sing, Charmaine; Morris, W James; Tyldesley, Scott; Paltiel, Chuck

2003-09-01

To validate the Houston prostate-specific antigen relapse definition in a mature cohort of men treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and adjuvant androgen ablation (AA) and men treated with EBRT monotherapy, and to compare these results with the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) and Vancouver prostate-specific antigen relapse (biochemical no evidence of disease) definitions. A prospective database of 1490 men treated with EBRT, with or without AA, was examined. The impact on hazard proportions, as well as the predictive ability, of the Houston, ASTRO, and Vancouver definitions was tested. For all patients, the Houston definition was more accurate (79.5%) than the ASTRO (76.7%) or Vancouver (77.2%) definitions in predicting subsequent clinical relapse. The Houston definition was superior to the ASTRO definition in those treated both with and without AA and equivalent to the Vancouver definition in those receiving AA. The Houston definition demonstrated proportional hazards when categorized for the use of AA, unlike the ASTRO and Vancouver definitions. The effect of inadequate follow-up on the projected relapse rates was negligible with the Houston definition. The Houston relapse definition is favored after EBRT monotherapy or combined EBRT and AA. Use of the Cox proportional hazard multivariate analysis is appropriate with the Houston definition, but not with the ASTRO or Vancouver definitions if AA and non-AA patients are combined.

A Dictionary of Acquisition and Contracting Terms

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-12-01

consolidated national effort had been undertaken in this regard. Various individuals, commands and schools have attempted to assemble elements of definitions...however, the lack of a consolidated effort has caused a disparity in the definitions of terms. Previous graduate theses have researched definitions and...Supply Corps (SC), United States Navy (USN) initiated the consolidation of baseline consensus definitions in 1988. In 1989, Captain (CPT) John Cannaday

The Influence of Symbols and Equations on Understanding Mathematical Equivalence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Powell, Sarah R.

2015-01-01

Students with mathematics difficulty demonstrate lower mathematics performance than typical-performing peers. One contributing factor to lower mathematics performance may be misunderstanding of mathematics symbols. In several studies related to the equal sign (=), students who received explicit instruction on the relational definition (i.e.,…

22 CFR 228.01 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Warehouse is a special customs area with favorable customs regulations (or no customs duties and controls... trucks), boats, and other vehicles that are not designed for travel at normal road speeds (40 kilometers... permanent residence (or equivalent immigration status to live and work on a continuing basis) of suppliers...

13 CFR 315.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... substantially equivalent for commercial purposes (i.e., are adapted for the same function or use and are... of receiving benefits under this part, when a Firm owns or controls other Firms, the Firm and such... articles or services or are exerting essential economic control over one or more production facilities...

36 CFR 223.186 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Service Administrative Units or groups of Administrative Units by the Regional Foresters of Regions 1, 2... struck. Highway yellow paint refers to an oil base or equivalent yellow paint of lasting quality... plant used to convert unprocessed timber into products. Non-manufacturer means a person who does not own...