Reflections on the Historiography of American Eugenics: Trends, Fractures, Tensions.

PubMed

Paul, Diane B

2016-12-01

By the 1950s, eugenics had lost its scientific status; it now belonged to the context rather than to the content of science. Interest in the subject was also at low ebb. But that situation would soon change dramatically. Indeed, in an essay-review published in 1993, Philip Pauly commented that a "eugenics industry" had come to rival the "Darwin industry" in importance, although the former seemed less integrated than the latter. Since then, the pace of publication on eugenics, including American eugenics, has only accelerated, while the field has become even more fractured, moving in multiple and even contradictory directions. This essay explores the trajectory of work on the history of American eugenics since interest in the subject revived in the 1960s, noting trends and also fractures. The latter are seen to result partly from the fact that professional historians no longer own the subject, which has attracted the interest of scholars in several other disciplines as well as scientists, political activists, and journalists, and also from the fact that the history of eugenics has almost always been policy-oriented. Historians' desire to be policy-relevant and at the same time attentive to context, complexity, and contingency has generated tensions at several levels: within individuals, among historians, and between professional historians and others who also engage with the history of eugenics. That these tensions are resolved differently by different authors and even by the same authors at different times helps explain why the fragmentation that Pauly noted is not likely to be overcome anytime soon.

Professionalization and the Null Curriculum: The Case of the Popular Eugenics Movement and American Educational Studies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Selden, Steven

1987-01-01

Presents an essay review of three recent books on eugenics, a once popular quasiscientific and politically conservative social movement devoted to the improvement of humankind through programs of selective breeding and marriage restriction. States that educators must study and come to grips with the meaning of this movement in order to appreciate…

A Select Bibliography of the United States Navy and the Southeast Asian Conflict 1950 - 1975

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-01

34---]’. •-- June 1982U ~Avail and/or Mat Special T C ;7- "::2’oo-DTIC gLEECTEB. .. ... JI"D E C 3 0 DUMMITNo STATE"MT AIAppioved hm publi ndeas...Asia. New York: Crown Publishers, 1979. Hooper, Edwin B., Allard, Dean C ., and Fitzgerald, Oscar P. The Setting of the Stage to 1959. Vol. I in series...Enigineer- in- Ci~iuanT/PUYT Tulich, Eugene N. The United States Coast Guard in South East Asia During the Vietnam - c t ashington: Public Affairs Divlsi6

From state eugenics to private eugenics.

PubMed

Missa, J N

1999-12-01

Eugenics--or 'the cultivation of a race'--is a concept dating from the latter part of the 19th century. It preceded the new science of genetics by merely 25 years. Negative eugenics stressed especially the exclusion of negative characteristics and was associated with the practice and theory of radical eugenics between the two World Wars. In order to redress 'the decline of the race', reinforcement by positive eugenics was also advocated. After the atrocities committed by the Nazis there was a lull in the practice and discourse of eugenics. More recent technical advances in assisted reproduction techniques and the genome project, however, have revived the eugenics debate. State eugenics and eugenics as an individual choice ought to be distinguished.

Christianity and Eugenics: The Place of Religion in the British Eugenics Education Society and the American Eugenics Society, c.1907–1940

PubMed Central

Baker, Graham J.

2014-01-01

Historians have regularly acknowledged the significance of religious faith to the eugenics movement in Britain and the USA. However, much of this scholarship suggests a polarised relationship of either conflict or consensus. Where Christian believers participated in the eugenics movement this has been represented as an abandonment of ‘orthodox’ theology, and the impression has been created that eugenics was a secularising force. In contrast, this article explores the impact of religious values on two eugenics organisations: the British Eugenics Education Society, and the American Eugenics Society. It is demonstrated that concerns over religion resulted in both these organisations modifying and tempering the public work that they undertook. This act of concealing and minimising the visibly controversial aspects of eugenics is offered as an addition to the debate over ‘mainline’ versus ‘reform’ eugenics. PMID:24778464

Christianity and Eugenics: The Place of Religion in the British Eugenics Education Society and the American Eugenics Society, c.1907-1940.

PubMed

Baker, Graham J

2014-05-01

Historians have regularly acknowledged the significance of religious faith to the eugenics movement in Britain and the USA. However, much of this scholarship suggests a polarised relationship of either conflict or consensus. Where Christian believers participated in the eugenics movement this has been represented as an abandonment of 'orthodox' theology, and the impression has been created that eugenics was a secularising force. In contrast, this article explores the impact of religious values on two eugenics organisations: the British Eugenics Education Society, and the American Eugenics Society. It is demonstrated that concerns over religion resulted in both these organisations modifying and tempering the public work that they undertook. This act of concealing and minimising the visibly controversial aspects of eugenics is offered as an addition to the debate over 'mainline' versus 'reform' eugenics.

Eugenics Past and Present: Remembering Buck v. Bell.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berson, Michael J.; Cruz, Barbara

2001-01-01

Provides background information about the eugenics movement. Focuses on eugenics in the United States detailing the case, Buck v. Bell, and eugenics in Germany. Explores the present eugenic movement, focusing on "The Bell Curve," China's one child policy, and the use of eugenic sterilizations in the United States and Canada. Includes…

EUGENE'HOM: A generic similarity-based gene finder using multiple homologous sequences.

PubMed

Foissac, Sylvain; Bardou, Philippe; Moisan, Annick; Cros, Marie-Josée; Schiex, Thomas

2003-07-01

EUGENE'HOM is a gene prediction software for eukaryotic organisms based on comparative analysis. EUGENE'HOM is able to take into account multiple homologous sequences from more or less closely related organisms. It integrates the results of TBLASTX analysis, splice site and start codon prediction and a robust coding/non-coding probabilistic model which allows EUGENE'HOM to handle sequences from a variety of organisms. The current target of EUGENE'HOM is plant sequences. The EUGENE'HOM web site is available at http://genopole.toulouse.inra.fr/bioinfo/eugene/EuGeneHom/cgi-bin/EuGeneHom.pl.

Advertising eugenics: Charles M. Goethe's campaign to improve the race.

PubMed

Schoenl, William; Peck, Danielle

2010-06-01

Over the last several decades historians have shown that the eugenics movement appealed to an extraordinarily wide constituency. Far from being the brainchild of the members of any one particular political ideology, eugenics made sense to a diverse range of Americans and was promoted by professionals ranging from geneticists and physicians to politicians and economists.(1) Seduced by promises of permanent fixes to national problems, and attracted to the idea of a scientifically legitimate form of social activism, eugenics quickly grew in popularity during the first decades of the twentieth century. Charles M. Goethe, the land developer, entrepreneur, conservationist and skilled advertiser who founded the Eugenics Society of Northern California, exemplifies the broad appeal of the eugenics movement. Goethe played an active role within the American eugenics movement at its peak in the 1920s. The last president of the Eugenics Research Association,(2) he also campaigned hard against Mexican immigration to the US and he continued open support for the Nazi regime's eugenic practices into the later 1930s.(3) This article examines Goethe's eugenic vision and, drawing on his correspondence with the leading geneticist Charles Davenport, explores the relationship between academic and non-academic advocates of eugenics in America. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Filming eugenics: teaching the history of eugenics through film.

PubMed

Ooten, Melissa; Trembanis, Sarah

2007-01-01

In teaching eugenics to undergraduate students and general public audiences, film should he considered as a provocative and fruitful medium that can generate important discussions about the intersections among eugenics, gender, class, race, and sexuality. This paper considers the use of two films, A Bill of Divorcement and The Lynchburg Story, as pedagogical tools for the history of eugenics. The authors provide background information on the films and suggestions for using the films to foster an active engagement with the historical eugenics movement.

Eugenics, sexual pedagogy and social change: constructing the responsible subject of governmentality in the Spanish Second Republic.

PubMed

Jiménez-Alonso, Belén

2008-06-01

This study focuses on eugenics in Spain, and more specifically on the 'official' eugenics whose platform was the Primeras Jornadas Eugénicas Españolas (First Spanish Eugenic Days, FSED). The aim of this paper is to relate eugenics to 'governmentality' rather than to State politics alone and to 'Latin eugenics' rather than to 'mainline eugenics'. On the one hand, the FSED were largely centred on the development of a new sexual code which would set Catholic sexual morality aside. For this reason, sexual pedagogy was one of the most relevant topics during the FSED, personal responsibility becoming the first step to social change. The concern about making people play an active role in their own self-regulation is typical of governmentality. The latter refers to societies where power is decentered and where the objective is to structure the field of action of others (the conduct of conduct). On the other hand, the FSED emphasised preventive eugenics such as welfare programmes and health campaigns rather than negative eugenics such as the sterilisation of the unfit. The situation in Spain was mirrored in countries such as Brazil, Argentina and Mexico, which allows us to think about them in terms of 'Latin eugenics' rather than 'mainline eugenics' from countries such as Great Britain, Germany and the USA.

Eugenics visualized: the exhibit of the Third International Congress of Eugenics, 1932.

PubMed

Stillwell, Devon

2012-01-01

This article investigates the exhibit of the Third International Congress of Eugenics, which was organized by Harry Hamilton Laughlin and showcased at the American Museum of Natural History in 1932. It argues that the exhibit's displays shaped popular eugenic ideology by connecting particular eugenic principles to specific visual representations that were experienced in relation to binaries such as the artistically traditional and the modern, the classical and the grotesque, and the scientific and the spectacle (or the "freak" and the medical specimen). These dichotomies were, in turn, experienced within the context of the exhibit's overall theme of eugenics as anchored in the past and the future and concern over the differential birthrate. The exhibit to the Third Congress provides insight into growing tensions within the eugenics movement of the 1930s, the importance of positive eugenics, the aesthetics of heredity, and how the "scientific truths" of a given era are publicized and perpetuated.

"Eugenics talk" and the language of bioethics.

PubMed

Wilkinson, S

2008-06-01

In bioethical discussions of preimplantation genetic diagnosis and prenatal screening, accusations of eugenics are commonplace, as are counter-claims that talk of eugenics is misleading and unhelpful. This paper asks whether "eugenics talk", in this context, is legitimate and useful or something to be avoided. It also looks at the extent to which this linguistic question can be answered without first answering relevant substantive moral questions. Its main conclusion is that the best and most non-partisan argument for avoiding eugenics talk is the Autonomy Argument. According to this, eugenics talk per se is not wrong, but there is something wrong with using its emotive power as a means of circumventing people's critical-rational faculties. The Autonomy Argument does not, however, tell against eugenics talk when such language is used to shock people into critical-rational thought. These conclusions do not depend on unique features of eugenics: similar considerations apply to emotive language throughout bioethics.

“Eugenics talk” and the language of bioethics

PubMed Central

Wilkinson, S

2008-01-01

In bioethical discussions of preimplantation genetic diagnosis and prenatal screening, accusations of eugenics are commonplace, as are counter-claims that talk of eugenics is misleading and unhelpful. This paper asks whether “eugenics talk”, in this context, is legitimate and useful or something to be avoided. It also looks at the extent to which this linguistic question can be answered without first answering relevant substantive moral questions. Its main conclusion is that the best and most non-partisan argument for avoiding eugenics talk is the Autonomy Argument. According to this, eugenics talk per se is not wrong, but there is something wrong with using its emotive power as a means of circumventing people’s critical–rational faculties. The Autonomy Argument does not, however, tell against eugenics talk when such language is used to shock people into critical–rational thought. These conclusions do not depend on unique features of eugenics: similar considerations apply to emotive language throughout bioethics. PMID:18511622

Development of a 350ppm community carbon budget in Eugene, Oregon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rice, A. L.; McRae, M.

2016-12-01

In the absence of national greenhouse gas emissions regulations, cities and county agencies across the United States have pursued a patchwork of emissions reduction targets and approaches to achieve those targeted goals. Some regions currently aim to meet efforts in mitigation with ambitious reduction targets that go beyond those pursued at national or international levels (e.g., UNFCCC, Paris, 2015). In 2014 The City of Eugene (Oregon, USA) City Council passed the Climate Recovery Ordinance which, in addition to outlining City emissions targets for 2020 and 2030, requested a proposal to adopt a community greenhouse gas reduction target consistent with achieving a global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration of 350ppm by the year 2100. A 350ppm 2100 target, if achieved, could keep global average temperature rise to within 1°C by century-end but would necessarily limit cumulative fossil fuel carbon emissions to 500GtC (currently 375GtC). In contrast to historically-based approaches to greenhouse gas mitigation targets typically established by cities, the request of a community target based on a 350ppm target required the development of new methods by the City of Eugene. Collaborating with a Thriving Earth Exchange (TEX) scientist and working with a peer review team of regional analysts, the City of Eugene City Manager's Office produced a report which described a methodology for establishing a 350ppm community carbon budget and led a multi-session dialog with Eugene City Council members on possible action towards this goal. Here, we describe the methods developed and the collaborative effort which made it possible. The work led to the recent Eugene City Council adoption of an ambitious community-wide greenhouse gas emission reduction goal of 7.6% per year, consistent with global emissions reductions needed to achieve an atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration 350ppm by 2100.

Eugenics, medicine and psychiatry in Peru.

PubMed

Stucchi-Portocarrero, Santiago

2018-03-01

Eugenics was defined by Galton as 'the science which deals with all influences that improve the inborn qualities of a race'. In Peru, eugenics was related to social medicine and mental hygiene, in accordance with the neo-Lamarckian orientation, that predominated in Latin America. Peruvian eugenists assumed the mission of fighting hereditary and infectious diseases, malnutrition, alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution, criminality and everything that threatened the future of the 'Peruvian race'. There were some enthusiastic advocates of 'hard' eugenic measures, such as forced sterilization and eugenic abortion, but these were never officially implemented in Peru (except for the compulsory sterilization campaign during the 1995-2000 period). Eugenics dominated scientific discourse during the first half of the twentieth century, but eugenic discourse did not disappear completely until the 1970s.

Better science and better race? Social Darwinism and Chinese eugenics.

PubMed

Chung, Yuehtsen Juliette

2014-12-01

This essay explores the variegated roles played by racial, eugenic, and Social Darwinist discourse in China over roughly the last century. Using Japan as a parallel for comparison, it analyzes the introduction of the term "eugenics" into Japanese and Chinese. It then locates the deployment of eugenics and Social Darwinism as counterimperial discourse in East Asia. It offers a brief history of eugenics thinking in China across the twentieth century, focusing on the Chinese eugenicist Pan Guangdan, who used race as a category of analysis yet without any sense of hierarchy. He was critically aware of the scientific basis of eugenics and helped craft the study of eugenics in China, from biology to sociology, from economics to ethnology.

Human Eugenics: Whose Perception of Perfection?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mehta, Parendi

2000-01-01

Provides historical information on the science of eugenics beginning in ancient Greece. Discusses the use of "racial hygiene" by the Nazis' Third Reich and its effect on eugenics. Addresses the pros and cons of eugenics and genetic engineering. Includes an annotated bibliography. (CMK)

The public and private history of eugenics: an introduction.

PubMed

Burke, Chloe S; Castaneda, Christopher J

2007-01-01

Inspired by our experience addressing the legacy of eugenics at California State University, Sacramento, this special issue presents an array of articles representative of diverse approaches to the historical investigation of eugenics. This article provides an introduction to the history of eugenics and explores the ways in which public history is particularly well suited to shape the historical memory of eugenics and encourage dialogue about contemporary biotechnologies.

Can we learn from eugenics?

PubMed Central

Wikler, D

1999-01-01

Eugenics casts a long shadow over contemporary genetics. Any measure, whether in clinical genetics or biotechnology, which is suspected of eugenic intent is likely to be opposed on that ground. Yet there is little consensus on what this word signifies, and often only a remote connection to the very complex set of social movements which took that name. After a brief historical summary of eugenics, this essay attempts to locate any wrongs inherent in eugenic doctrines. Four candidates are examined and rejected. The moral challenge posed by eugenics for genetics in our own time, I argue, is to achieve social justice. PMID:10226926

[The dispute over eugenics in interwar Poland].

PubMed

Kawalec, K

2000-01-01

The eugenic problem seems not as well known as it was in the period between the world wars. The word "eugenics" was introduced into the scientific language by the British biologist, Francis Galton at the end of the XIX century. In general, it means the study of the methods of protecting and improving the quality of the human race by selective breeding. Galton's remarks initiated a wider (social and political) movement, which was active in some countries. The eugenic tendency was visible in American immigration policy before the Great War - making it difficult for people suffering from particular diseases to enter the USA. After the war, the eugenic movement became much stronger. In some countries (e.g. Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Switzerland, Germany, and over half of the states of the USA) some components of the eugenic programme were introduced into legislation. The eugenic movement also appeared in reconstructed Poland. In 1918 it published it own magazine "Zagadnienia Rasy" (Problems of Human Race), later "Eugenika Polska" (Polish Eugenics). This did not imply however, that interest in the eugenic programme was generally very strong. In fact, it was limited by the influence of the Catholic Church. Another significant factor was lost Polish - German hostility. In the late thirties eugenic slogans lost popularity because of their use in Germany racist policy.

Sterilization and birth control in the shadow of eugenics: married, middle-class women in Alberta, 1930-1960s.

PubMed

Dyck, Erika

2014-01-01

The history of eugenic sterilization connotes draconian images of coerced and involuntary procedures robbing men and women of their reproductive health. While eugenics programs often fit this characterization, there is another, smaller, and less obvious legacy of eugenics that arguably contributed to a more empowering image of reproductive health. Sexual sterilization surgeries as a form of contraception began to gather momentum alongside eugenics programs in the middle of the 20th century and experiences among prairie women serve as an illustrative example. Alberta maintained its eugenics program from 1929 to 1972 and engaged in thousands of eugenic sterilizations, but by the 1940s middle-class married women pressured their Albertan physicians to provide them with sterilization surgeries to control fertility, as a matter of choice. The multiple meanings and motivations behind this surgery introduced a moral quandary for physicians, which encourages medical historians to revisit the history of eugenics and its relationship to the contemporaneous birth control movement.

The strength of a loosely defined movement: eugenics and medicine in imperial Russia.

PubMed

Krementsov, Nikolai

2015-01-01

This essay examines the 'infiltration' of eugenics into Russian medical discourse during the formation of the eugenics movement in western Europe and North America in 1900-17. It describes the efforts of two Russian physicians, the bacteriologist and hygienist Nikolai Gamaleia (1859-1949) and the psychiatrist Tikhon Iudin (1879-1949), to introduce eugenics to the Russian medical community, analysing in detail what attracted these representatives of two different medical specialties to eugenic ideas, ideals, and policies advocated by their western colleagues. On the basis of a close examination of the similarities and differences in Gamaleia's and Iudin's attitudes to eugenics, the essay argues that lack of cohesiveness gave the early eugenics movement a unique strength. The loose mix of widely varying ideas, ideals, methods, policies, activities and proposals covered by the umbrella of eugenics offered to a variety of educated professionals in Russia and elsewhere the possibility of choosing, adopting and adapting particular elements to their own national, professional, institutional and disciplinary contexts, interests and agendas.

Rational subjects, marriage counselling and the conundrums of eugenics.

PubMed

Gerodetti, Natalia

2008-06-01

Against the background of degeneration and the perceived threat to the nation's health and stock, family politics came to constitute an important site for eugenic discourses and interventions. Eugenic regulation of reproductive sexuality and marriage was not only pursued through 'negative' eugenics but also through educational policies targeted at young adults and youth. Switzerland serves as a useful case to explore a general idea, namely the limitations for eugenicists of exploiting the concept of a rational subject in order to achieve their ends. Practices of 'positive eugenics' crucially hinged on the utilitarian principle of rationality underpinning positive eugenics which this paper seeks to elaborate. Eugenicists devised tools to deal efficiently with social problems on a collective as well as an individual basis by deploying technologies of government which conceived individuals to be members of a population who were each held responsible for the generation of healthy future generations. As a form of 'sustaining, multiplying and ordering life' eugenics thus relied on the premise that its ideas would be adopted through an appeal to rationality and, where this was insufficient, through a series of coercive measures. Relying on conviction and education about the merits of eugenics, however, posed particular problems to positive eugenic thinking and practice.

Eugenics in Education: Apologetics for Oppression

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hartlep, Nicholas D.

2008-01-01

For many people an esoteric educational topic is eugenics. This brief text analysis will provide a textual as well as contextual analysis of Dr. Ann Gibson Winfield's book (2007) Eugenics and Education in America: Institutionalized Racism and the Implications of History, Ideology, and Memory. Winfield objectively critiques eugenic apologetics.…

Medical Genetics Is Not Eugenics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cowan, Ruth Schwartz

2008-01-01

The connection that critics make between medical genetics and eugenics is historically fallacious. Activists on the political right are as mistaken as activists on the political left: Genetic screening was not eugenics in the past, is not eugenics in the present, and, unless its technological systems become radically transformed, will not be…

Governmentality, biopower, and the debate over genetic enhancement.

PubMed

McWhorter, Ladelle

2009-08-01

Although Foucault adamantly refused to make moral pronouncements or dictate moral principles or political programs to his readers, his work offers a number of tools and concepts that can help us develop our own ethical views and practices. One of these tools is genealogical analysis, and one of these concepts is "biopower." Specifically, this essay seeks to demonstrate that Foucault's concept of biopower and his genealogical method are valuable as we consider moral questions raised by genetic enhancement technologies. First, it examines contemporary debate over the development, marketing, and application of such technologies, suggesting that what passes for ethical deliberation is often little more than political maneuvering in a field where stakes are very high and public perceptions will play a crucial role in decisions about which technologies will be funded or disallowed. It goes on to argue that genuine ethical deliberation on these issues requires some serious investigation of their historical context. Accordingly, then, it takes up the oft-heard charge from critics that genetic enhancement technologies are continuous with twentieth-century eugenic projects or will usher in a new age of eugenics. Foucault explicitly links twentieth-century eugenics with the rise of biopower. Through review of some aspects of the twentieth-century eugenics movement alongside some of the rhetoric and claims of enhancement's modern-day proponents, the essay shows ways in which deployment of genetic enhancement technologies is and is not continuous with earlier deployments of biopower.

Selling eugenics: the case of Sweden.

PubMed

Bjorkman, Maria; Widmalm, Sven

2010-12-20

This paper traces the early (1910s to 1920s) development of Swedish eugenics through a study of the social network that promoted it. The eugenics network consisted mainly of academics from a variety of disciplines, but with medicine and biology dominating; connections with German scientists who would later shape Nazi biopolitics were strong. The paper shows how the network used political lobbying (for example, using contacts with academically accomplished MPs) and various media strategies to gain scientific and political support for their cause, where a major goal was the creation of a eugenics institute (which opened in 1922). It also outlines the eugenic vision of the institute's first director, Herman Lundborg. In effect the network, and in particular Lundborg, promoted the view that politics should be guided by eugenics and by a genetically superior elite. The selling of eugenics in Sweden is an example of the co-production of science and social order.

Duty or dream? Edwin G. Conklin's critique of eugenics and support for American individualism.

PubMed

Cooke, Kathy J

2002-01-01

This paper assesses ideas about moral and reproductive duty in American eugenics during the early twentieth century. While extreme eugenicists, including Charles Davenport and Paul Popenoe, argued that social leaders and biologists must work to prevent individuals who were "unfit" from reproducing, moderates, especially Edwin G. Conklin, presented a different view. Although he was sympathetic to eugenic goals and participated in eugenic organizations throughout his life, Conklin realized that eugenic ideas rarely could meet strict hereditary measures. Relying on his experience as an embryologist, Conklin instead attempted to balance more extreme eugenic claims - that emphasized the absolute limits posed by heredity - with his own view of "the possibilities of development." Through his critique he argued that most human beings never even begin to approach their hereditary potential; he moderated his own eugenic rhetoric so that it preserved individual opportunity and responsibility, or what has often been labeled the American Dream.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis and the 'new' eugenics.

PubMed Central

King, D S

1999-01-01

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PID) is often seen as an improvement upon prenatal testing. I argue that PID may exacerbate the eugenic features of prenatal testing and make possible an expanded form of free-market eugenics. The current practice of prenatal testing is eugenic in that its aim is to reduce the numbers of people with genetic disorders. Due to social pressures and eugenic attitudes held by clinical geneticists in most countries, it results in eugenic outcomes even though no state coercion is involved. I argue that technological advances may soon make PID widely accessible. Because abortion is not involved, and multiple embryos are available, PID is radically more effective as a tool of genetic selection. It will also make possible selection on the basis of non-pathological characteristics, leading, potentially, to a full-blown free-market eugenics. For these reasons, I argue that PID should be strictly regulated. PMID:10226925

Neuroscience in Nazi Europe part I: eugenics, human experimentation, and mass murder.

PubMed

Zeidman, Lawrence A

2011-09-01

The Nazi regime in Germany from 1933 to 1945 waged a veritable war throughout Europe to eliminate neurologic disease from the gene pool. Fueled by eugenic policies on racial hygiene, the Nazis first undertook a sterilization campaign against "mental defectives," which included neurologic patients with epilepsy and other disorders, as well as psychiatric patients. From 1939-41 the Nazis instead resorted to "euthanasia" of many of the same patients. Some neuroscientists were collaborators in this program, using patients for research, or using extracted brains following their murder. Other reviews have focused on Hallervorden, Spatz, Schaltenbrand, Scherer, and Gross, but in this review the focus is on neuroscientists not well described in the neurology literature, including Scholz, Ostertag, Schneider, Nachtsheim, and von Weizsäcker. Only by understanding the actions of neuroscientists during this dark period can we learn from the slippery slope down which they traveled, and prevent history from repeating itself.

Eugenics and the Social Construction of Merit, Race, and Disability.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Selden, Steven

2000-01-01

Contends that eugenics is an example of normalization. Outlines an aspect of this process by analyzing: (1) the popular eugenic knowledge exhibited at U.S. state fairs; and (2) the mainstream eugenic knowledge found in the work of Leta S. Hollingworth who was an early leader in gifted education. (CMK)

The Strength of a Loosely Defined Movement: Eugenics and Medicine in Imperial Russia

PubMed Central

Krementsov, Nikolai

2015-01-01

This essay examines the ‘infiltration’ of eugenics into Russian medical discourse during the formation of the eugenics movement in western Europe and North America in 1900–17. It describes the efforts of two Russian physicians, the bacteriologist and hygienist Nikolai Gamaleia (1859–1949) and the psychiatrist Tikhon Iudin (1879–1949), to introduce eugenics to the Russian medical community, analysing in detail what attracted these representatives of two different medical specialties to eugenic ideas, ideals, and policies advocated by their western colleagues. On the basis of a close examination of the similarities and differences in Gamaleia’s and Iudin’s attitudes to eugenics, the essay argues that lack of cohesiveness gave the early eugenics movement a unique strength. The loose mix of widely varying ideas, ideals, methods, policies, activities and proposals covered by the umbrella of eugenics offered to a variety of educated professionals in Russia and elsewhere the possibility of choosing, adopting and adapting particular elements to their own national, professional, institutional and disciplinary contexts, interests and agendas. PMID:25498435

Eugenics concept: from Plato to present.

PubMed

Güvercin, C H; Arda, B

2008-01-01

All prospective studies and purposes to improve cure and create a race that would be exempt of various diseases and disabilities are generally defined as eugenic procedures. They aim to create the "perfect" and "higher" human being by eliminating the "unhealthy" prospective persons. All of the supporting actions taken in order to enable the desired properties are called positive eugenic actions; the elimination of undesired properties are defined as negative eugenics. In addition, if such applications and approaches target the public as a whole, they are defined as macro-eugenics. On the other hand, if they only aim at individuals and/or families, they are called micro-eugenics. As generally acknowledged, Galton re-introduced eugenic proposals, but their roots stretch as far back as Plato. Eugenic thoughts and developments were widely accepted in many different countries beginning with the end of the 19th to the first half of the 20th centuries. Initially, the view of negative eugenics that included compulsory sterilizations of handicapped, diseased and "lower" classes, resulted in tens of thousands being exterminated especially in the period of Nazi Germany. In the 1930s, the type of micro positive eugenics movement found a place within the pro-natalist policies of a number of countries. However, it was unsuccessful since the policy was not able to become effective enough and totally disappeared in the 1960s. It was no longer a fashionable movement and left a deep impression on public opinion after the long years of war. However, developments in genetics and its related fields have now enabled eugenic thoughts to reappear under the spotlight and this is creating new moral dilemmas from an ethical perspective.

The Testing and Militarization of K-12 Education: Eugenic Assault on Urban School Populations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hartlep, Nicholas Daniel

2010-01-01

This paper attempts to discuss eugenics in education and how this eugenic legacy continues to haunt American schooling and nonwhite students. Eugenic praxes and pedagogy continue to proliferate inside the American school systems' teachers may be unaware that they are teaching in such a way that maintains this ethos. This paper and seminar's…

Eugenics and Involuntary Sterilization: 1907-2015.

PubMed

Reilly, Philip R

2015-01-01

In England during the late nineteenth century, intellectuals, especially Francis Galton, called for a variety of eugenic policies aimed at ensuring the health of the human species. In the United States, members of the Progressive movement embraced eugenic ideas, especially immigration restriction and sterilization. Indiana enacted the first eugenic sterilization law in 1907, and the US Supreme Court upheld such laws in 1927. State programs targeted institutionalized, mentally disabled women. Beginning in the late 1930s, proponents rationalized involuntary sterilization as protecting vulnerable women from unwanted pregnancy. By World War II, programs in the United States had sterilized approximately 60,000 persons. After the horrific revelations concerning Nazi eugenics (German Hereditary Health Courts approved at least 400,000 sterilization operations in less than a decade), eugenic sterilization programs in the United States declined rapidly. Simplistic eugenic thinking has faded, but coerced sterilization remains widespread, especially in China and India. In many parts of the world, involuntary sterilization is still intermittently used against minority groups.

Eugenics and public health in American history.

PubMed

Pernick, M S

1997-11-01

Supporters of eugenics, the powerful early 20th-century movement for improving human heredity, often attacked that era's dramatic improvements in public health and medicine for preserving the lives of people they considered hereditarily unfit. Eugenics and public health also battled over whether heredity played a significant role in infectious diseases. However, American public health and eugenics had much in common as well. Eugenic methods often were modeled on the infection control techniques of public health. The goals, values, and concepts of disease of these two movements also often overlapped. This paper sketches some of the key similarities and differences between eugenics and public health in the United States, and it examines how their relationship was shaped by the interaction of science and culture. The results demonstrate that eugenics was not an isolated movement whose significance is confined to the histories of genetics and pseudoscience, but was instead an important and cautionary part of past public health and a general medical history as well.

Eugenics and public health in American history.

PubMed Central

Pernick, M S

1997-01-01

Supporters of eugenics, the powerful early 20th-century movement for improving human heredity, often attacked that era's dramatic improvements in public health and medicine for preserving the lives of people they considered hereditarily unfit. Eugenics and public health also battled over whether heredity played a significant role in infectious diseases. However, American public health and eugenics had much in common as well. Eugenic methods often were modeled on the infection control techniques of public health. The goals, values, and concepts of disease of these two movements also often overlapped. This paper sketches some of the key similarities and differences between eugenics and public health in the United States, and it examines how their relationship was shaped by the interaction of science and culture. The results demonstrate that eugenics was not an isolated movement whose significance is confined to the histories of genetics and pseudoscience, but was instead an important and cautionary part of past public health and a general medical history as well. PMID:9366633

Eugenics discourse and racial improvement in Republican China (1911-1949).

PubMed

Sihn, Kyu-hwan

2010-12-31

This paper aimed to examine the advent of eugenics and its characteristics in republican China. Although eugenics was introduced into China as a discourse to preserve and improve race by the 1898 reformers such as Yan Fu (1854-1921) and Yi Nai (1875-?) in the late imperial period, it was not until the republican period that eugenics discourse started to combine with the discourse and movement related to social reform. The May 4th intellectuals put forward criticisms of Confucian patriarchy, propagating science and democracy. They pointed out that the large family system was a source of every social evil, and argued the need for a small family system based on monogamy. The aim of the small family system was to improve both the race and the environment. Such thinkers argued that freedom of love and the liberation of individuality were necessary for this end. Zhou Jianren (1888-1984), Lu Xun's youngest brother and representative eugenicist in the May 4th period, combined eugenics with freedom of love and the liberation of individuality. Pan Guangdan (1899-1967) and Zhou Jianren debated the eugenics controversy in the 1920s. They raised the freedom of love and the liberation of individuality as central issues related to the eugenics controversy. The eugenics debate was developed into the controversy between biological determinism and environmentalism in the late 1920s. However, these issues did not continue to be brought up in the 1930s. The main issues concerning the eugenics controversy in the 1930s were cultural identity and the population problem. Particularly in the 1930s, the scope of birth control as the solution to the population problem was extended from the individual person and family to nation and race. For eugenicists like Pan Guangdan, birth control violated the aim of eugenics and brought about the degeneration of the race. However, such theorists did not deny the value of birth control itself. The supporters of birth control thought that selecting superior descendents and eliminating inferior descendents fit with the ideals of eugenics. They thought that the propagation of contraception could suppress the increase of inferior and weak descendents, and result in the improvement of the race. Physicians suggested the necessity of birth control and organized birth control clinic, Chinese society did not pay attention to their arguments and activities in 1920s. After birth control made at issue from the 1930s, physicians started to discuss eugenics and play the important role in the medical practice. Chinese physicians passed a resolution of birth control for mothers and children's happiness and health and public health in 1930s.As a result, Chinese intellectuals supported eugenics and supported the proposition that eugenics could improve the race. On the basis of this situation, the Guomindang government legislated eugenic laws related to contraception, eugenic marriage, and sterilization and the isolation of hereditary defaulters in 1945.

Eugenics in the community: gendered professions and eugenic sterilization in Alberta, 1928-1972.

PubMed

Samson, Amy

2014-01-01

Scholarship on Alberta's Sexual Sterilization Act (1928-1972) has focused on the high-level politics behind the legislation, its main administrative body, the Eugenics Board, and its legal legacy, overlooking the largely female-dominated professions that were responsible for operating the program outside of the provincial mental health institutions. This paper investigates the relationship between eugenics and the professions of teaching, public health nursing, and social work. It argues that the Canadian mental hygiene and eugenics movements, which were fundamentally connected, provided these professions with an opportunity to maintain and extend their professional authority.

Optimization Review, Black Butte Mine Superfund Site, Lane County, Oregon

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The BBM Superfund Site (the site) is located in Lane County, Oregon, approximately 35 miles southeast of Eugene and approximately 10 miles upstream from the Cottage Grove Reservoir (CGR). Mercury mining and processing operations were active at the site...

[Sir Francis Galton: the father of eugenics].

PubMed

Aubert-Marson, Dominique

2009-01-01

Not only was Sir Francis Galton a famous geographer and statistician, he also invented "eugenics" in 1883. Eugenics, defined as the science of improving racial stock, was developed from a new heredity theory, conceived by Galton himself, and from the evolution theory of Charles Darwin, transposed to human society by Herbert Spencer. Galton's eugenics was a program to artificially produce a better human race through regulating marriage and thus procreation. Galton put particular emphasis on "positive eugenics", aimed at encouraging the physically and mentally superior members of the population to choose partners with similar traits. In 1904, he presented his ideas in front of a vast audience of physicians and scientists in London. His widely-publicized lecture served as the starting point for the development of eugenics groups in Europe and the United States during the first half of the 20th century.

Eugenics and education: Implications of ideology, memory, and history for education in the United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winfield, Ann Gibson

Eugenics has been variously described "as an ideal, as a doctrine, as a science (applied human genetics), as a set of practices (ranging from birth control to euthanasia), and as a social movement" (Paul 1998 p. 95). "Race Suicide" (Roosevelt 1905) and the ensuing national phobia regarding the "children of worm eaten stock" (Bobbitt 1909) prefaced an era of eugenic ideology whose influence on education has been largely ignored until recently. Using the concept of collective memory, I examine the eugenics movement, its progressive context, and its influence on the aims, policy and practice of education. Specifically, this study examines the ideology of eugenics as a specific category and set of distinctions, and the role of collective memory in providing the mechanism whereby eugenic ideology may shape and fashion interpretation and action in current educational practice. The formation of education as a distinct academic discipline, the eugenics movement, and the Progressive era coalesced during the first decades of the twentieth century to form what has turned out to be a lasting alliance. This alliance has had a profound impact on public perception of the role of schools, how students are classified and sorted, degrees and definitions of intelligence, attitudes and beliefs surrounding multiculturalism and a host of heretofore unexplored ramifications. My research is primarily historical and theoretical and uses those material and media cultural artifacts generated by the eugenics movement to explore the relationship between eugenic ideology and the institution of education.

[Application of case-based method in genetics and eugenics teaching].

PubMed

Li, Ya-Xuan; Zhao, Xin; Zhang, Fei-Xiong; Hu, Ying-Kao; Yan, Yue-Ming; Cai, Min-Hua; Li, Xiao-Hui

2012-05-01

Genetics and Eugenics is a cross-discipline between genetics and eugenics. It is a common curriculum in many Chinese universities. In order to increase the learning interest, we introduced case teaching method and got a better teaching effect. Based on our teaching practices, we summarized some experiences about this subject. In this article, the main problem of case-based method applied in Genetics and Eugenics teaching was discussed.

To what extent were ideas and beliefs about eugenics held in Nazi Germany shared in Britain and the United States prior to the second world war?

PubMed

Wittmann, Emily

2004-06-01

The term eugenics was first coined by Darwin's cousin, Francis Galton, in 1883. The eugenic movement gained public popularity across Europe and North America at the end of the Victorian era, fuelled by the concept of 'social Darwinism' and public fear of a decline in the number of ideal citizens. The origins of eugenic legislation can be found in the USA's immigration acts of the early 1880's. Indiana was the first state to pass sterilisation laws, in 1907. The laws that followed were used as templates by the Nazis, thirty years later. In Britain the Wood Committee (1924) and the Brock Committee (1931) both put pressure on parliament to introduce eugenic laws but were defeated. The anti-eugenics movement was stronger than in other protestant European countries and eugenics fell out of favour as the 1930's progressed. In the USA however, support remained strong, leading one activist to comment in 1934, 'The Germans are beating us at our own game'. There appears to have been little emphasis on eugenics in the Weimar Parliament, but the Nazi's legislation, on coming to power in 1933, surpassed anything conceived on either side of the Atlantic at the outbreak of war in 1939.

Confronting the stigma of eugenics: genetics, demography and the problems of population.

PubMed

Ramsden, Edmund

2009-12-01

Building upon the work of Thomas Gieryn and Erving Goffman, this paper will explore how the concepts of stigma and boundary work can be usefully applied to history of population science. Having been closely aligned to eugenics in the early 20th century, from the 1930s both demographers and geneticists began to establish a boundary between their own disciplines and eugenic ideology. The eugenics movement responded to this process of stigmatization. Through strategies defined by Goffman as 'disclosure' and 'concealment', stigma was managed, and a limited space for eugenics was retained in science and policy. Yet by the 1960s, a revitalized eugenics movement was bringing leading social and biological scientists together through the study of the genetic demography of characteristics such as intelligence. The success of this programme of 'stigma transformation' resulted from its ability to allow geneticists and demographers to conceive of eugenic improvement in ways that seemed consistent with the ideals of individuality, diversity and liberty. In doing so, it provided them with an alternative, and a challenge, to more radical and controversial programmes to realize an optimal genotype and population. The processes of stigma attribution and management are, however, ongoing, and since the rise of the nature-nurture controversy in the 1970s, the use of eugenics as a 'stigma symbol' has prevailed.

[Sterilization and eugenics].

PubMed

Shasha, Shaul M

2011-04-01

The term "eugenics" was coined by Francis Galton in 1883 and was defined as the science of the improvement of the human race by better breeding. "Positive eugenics" referred to methods of encouraging the "most fit" to reproduce more often, while "negative eugenics" was related to ways of discouraging or preventing the "less fit" from reproducing by birth control and sterilization. Many western countries adopted eugenics programs including Britain, Canada, Norway, Australia, Switzerland and others. In Sweden more then 62,000 "unfits" were forcibly sterilized. Many states in the U.S.A. had adopted marriage laws with eugenics criteria including forced sterilization. Approximately 64,000 individuals were sterilized. Eugenics considerations also lay behind the adoption of the Immigration Restriction Act of 1924. The Largest plan on eugenics was adopted by the Nazi regime in Germany. Hundreds of thousands of people, who were viewed as being "unfit", were forcibly sterilized by different methods: Surgical sterilization or castration with severe complications and high mortality rates. X-ray irradiation. The method was suggested by Brack, and tested by Schuman using prisoners in Block No. 10 in Auschwitz and Birkenau. Experiments were also performed by Brack on prisoners using the "window method". "Klauberg method"--injection of irritating materials into the uterus. Experiments were conducted using the plant Caladium Seguinum which was believed to have sterilization and castration properties.

A Child's Right to Be Well Born: Venereal Disease and the Eugenic Marriage Laws, 1913-1935.

PubMed

Lombardo, Paul A

2017-01-01

An extensive literature describes the legal impact of America's eugenics movement, and the laws mandating sterilization, restriction of marriage by race, and ethnic bans on immigration. But little scholarship focuses on the laws adopted in more than 40 states that were commonly referred to as "eugenic marriage laws." Those laws conditioned marriage licenses on medical examinations and were designed to save innocent women from lives of misery, prevent stillbirth or premature death in children, and save future generations from the myriad afflictions that accompanied "venereal infection." Medical journals, legal journals, and every kind of public press outlet explained the "eugenic marriage laws" and the controversies they spawned. They were inextricably bound up in reform movements that attempted to eradicate prostitution, stamp out STIs, and reform America's sexual mores in the first third of the 20th century. This article will explain the pedigree of the eugenic marriage laws, highlight the trajectory of Wisconsin's 1913 eugenic enactment, and explore how the Wisconsin Supreme Court case upholding the law paved the way for the majority of states to regulate marriage on eugenic grounds.

[Eugenics, an element of the literary plots of dystopia].

PubMed

Baum, Ewa; Musielak, Michał

2007-01-01

The work presents the ideas and assumptions of eugenics, a social philosophy established in 1883 by Francis Galton, which affected the social policies of numerous European countries in the first half of the 20th century. The work shows the effect of eugenics on the literary standards of European prose in the previous century. Two outstanding dystopian novels of the 20th century, The Brave New World by Aldous Huxley and 1984 by George Orwell, situate eugenics as a permanent element of the literary plot of dystopia. Apart from the typical features of this type of novel, for example: personal narration with a trace of irony, a totalitarian state and Newspeak, eugenics is an important element of the literary plot with is aim to exclude and marginalise certain social groups. Eugenics is also one of the main social ideas criticised by both the writers.

Down syndrome: coercion and eugenics.

PubMed

McCabe, Linda L; McCabe, Edward R B

2011-08-01

Experts agree that coercion by insurance companies or governmental authorities to limit reproductive choice constitutes a eugenic practice. We discuss discrimination against families of children with Down syndrome who chose not to have prenatal testing or chose to continue a pregnancy after a prenatal diagnosis. We argue that this discrimination represents economic and social coercion to limit reproductive choice, and we present examples of governmental rhetoric and policies condoning eugenics and commercial policies meeting criteria established by experts for eugenics. Our purpose is to sensitize the clinical genetics community to these issues as we attempt to provide the most neutral nondirective prenatal genetic counseling we can, and as we provide postnatal care and counseling to children with Down syndrome and their families. We are concerned that if eugenic policies and practices targeting individuals with Down syndrome and their families are tolerated by clinical geneticists and the broader citizenry, then we increase the probability of eugenics directed toward other individuals and communities.

The Nazi Physicians as Leaders in Eugenics and "Euthanasia": Lessons for Today.

PubMed

Grodin, Michael A; Miller, Erin L; Kelly, Johnathan I

2018-01-01

This article, in commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the Doctors' Trial at Nuremberg, reflects on the Nazi eugenics and "euthanasia" programs and their relevance for today. The Nazi doctors used eugenic ideals to justify sterilizations, child and adult "euthanasia," and, ultimately, genocide. Contemporary euthanasia has experienced a progression from voluntary to nonvoluntary and from passive to active killing. Modern eugenics has included both positive and negative selective activities. The 70th anniversary of the Doctors' Trial at Nuremberg provides an important opportunity to reflect on the implications of the Nazi eugenics and "euthanasia" programs for contemporary health law, bioethics, and human rights. In this article, we will examine the role that health practitioners played in the promotion and implementation of State-sponsored eugenics and "euthanasia" in Nazi Germany, followed by an exploration of contemporary parallels and debates in modern bioethics. 1 .

Eugenics and genetic testing.

PubMed

Holtzman, N A

1998-01-01

Pressures to lower health-care costs remain an important stimulus to eugenic approaches. Prenatal diagnosis followed by abortion of affected fetuses has replaced sterilization as the major eugenic technique. Voluntary acceptance has replaced coercion, but subtle pressures undermine personal autonomy. The failure of the old eugenics to accurately predict who will have affected offspring virtually disappears when prenatal diagnosis is used to predict Mendelian disorders. However, when prenatal diagnosis is used to detect inherited susceptibilities to adult-onset, common, complex disorders, considerable uncertainty is inherent in the prediction. Intolerance and the resurgence of genetic determinism are current pressures for a eugenic approach. The increasing use of carrier screening (to identify those at risk of having affected offspring) and of prenatal diagnosis could itself generate intolerance for those who refuse the procedures. Genetic determinism deflects society from social action that would reduce the burden of disease far more than even the maximum use of eugenics.

Donald Glaser, the Bubble Chamber, and Elementary Particles

Science.gov Websites

Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Formation of Bubbles in Liquids Physical Review, Vol. 87, Issue 4 , 665, August 15, 1952 Characteristics of Bubble Chambers Physical Review, Vol. 97, Issue 2, 474-479 Chambers Physical Review, Vol. 102, Issue 6, 1653-1658, June 15, 1956 Methods of Particle Detection for

When The Time Seems Ripe: Eugenics, the Annals, and the subtle persistence of typological thinking

PubMed Central

WEISS, KENNETH M; LAMBERT, BRIAN W

2010-01-01

SUMMARY This journal began in 1926 as the Annals of Eugenics. Much has changed since then. The original Editors’ primary eugenic objective was not achieved, and eugenics justifiably became notorious for racism and gross abuse of human rights. But one founding aim was to publish advances in statistical genetics, and that objective prospered in the journal’s pages from its beginning to the present day. The online availability of the original issues will be useful to those interested in the history of both eugenics and human genetics, and will provide a reminder of how the careless use of genetical concepts can go astray. PMID:21488850

['Negative' eugenics, psychiatry, and Catholicism: clashes over eugenic sterilization in Brazil].

PubMed

Wegner, Robert; Souza, Vanderlei Sebastião de

2013-03-01

The article analyzes the dialogue between eugenicist Renato Kehl and a group of Brazilian psychiatrists who turned their interest to so-called negative eugenics in the early 1930s. Enthused about research into eugenics and the application of eugenic methods in countries such as the United States and Germany, authors like Ernani Lopes, Ignácio da Cunha Lopes, Alberto Farani, and Antonio Carlos Pacheco e Silva blamed Catholicism for impeding Brazil from moving in a similar direction, especially the church's resistance to the sterilization of 'degenerates', which entered into effect in Germany in 1934. The article charts the various strategies these authors proposed for engaging in dialogue with the Catholic Church.

75 FR 80839 - Notice of Realty Action: Direct Sale of Public Lands in Lane County, OR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-23

... Environmental Policy Act Adequacy (DOI-BLM-OR-E050-2010-0006- DNA) that was approved on April 14, 2010. There... documentation, is available for review at the BLM Eugene District Office, 3106 Pierce Parkway, Suite E...

Distinguishing genetics and eugenics on the basis of fairness.

PubMed Central

Ledley, F D

1994-01-01

There is concern that human applications of modern genetic technologies may lead inexorably to eugenic abuse. To prevent such abuse, it is essential to have clear, formal principles as well as algorithms for distinguishing genetics from eugenics. This work identifies essential distinctions between eugenics and genetics in the implied nature of the social contract and the importance ascribed to individual welfare relative to society. Rawls's construction of 'justice as fairness' is used as a model for how a formal systems of ethics can be used to proscribe eugenic practices. Rawls's synthesis can be applied to this problem if it is assumed that in the original condition all individuals are ignorant of their genetic constitution and unwilling to consent to social structures which may constrain their own potential. The principles of fairness applied to genetics requires that genetic interventions be directed at extending individual liberties and be applied to the greatest benefit of individuals with the least advantages. These principles are incompatible with negative eugenics which would further penalize those with genetic disadvantage. These principles limit positive eugenics to those practices which are designed to provide absolute benefit to those individuals with least advantage, are acceptable to its subjects, and further a system of basic equal liberties. This analysis also illustrates how simple deviations from first principles in Rawls's formulation could countenance eugenic applications of genetic technologies. PMID:7996561

Eugenics and modern biology: critiques of eugenics, 1910-1945.

PubMed

Allen, Garland E

2011-05-01

Eugenics in most western countries in the first four decades of the 20th century was based on the idea that genes control most human phenotypic traits, everything from physical features such as polydactyly and eye colour to physiological conditions such as the A-B-O blood groups to mental and personality traits such as "feeblemindedness," alcoholism and pauperism. In assessing the development of the eugenics movement-its rise and decline between 1900 and 1950-it is important to recognise that its naïve assumptions and often flawed methodologies were openly criticised at the time by scientists and nonscientists alike. This paper will present a brief overview of the critiques launched against eugenicists' claims, particularly criticisms of the American school led by Charles B. Davenport. Davenport's approach to eugenics will be contrasted to his British counterpart, Karl Pearson, founder and first editor of the Annals of Eugenics. It was not the case that nearly everyone in the early 20th century accepted eugenic conclusions as the latest, cutting-edge science. There are lessons from this historical approach for dealing with similar naïve claims about genetics today. © 2011 The Author Annals of Human Genetics © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/University College London.

When Harvard said no to eugenics: the J. Ewing Mears Bequest, 1927.

PubMed

Lombardo, Paul A

2014-01-01

James Ewing Mears (1838-1919) was a founding member of the Philadelphia Academy of Surgery. His 1910 book, The Problem of Race Betterment, laid the groundwork for later authors to explore the uses of surgical sterilization as a eugenic measure. Mears left $60,000 in his will to Harvard University to support the teaching of eugenics. Although numerous eugenic activists were on the Harvard faculty, and two of its Presidents were also associated with the eugenics movement, Harvard refused the Mears gift. The bequest was eventually awarded to Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia. This article explains why Harvard turned its back on a donation that would have supported instruction in a popular subject. Harvard's decision illustrates the range of opinion that existed on the efficacy of eugenic sterilization at the time. The Mears case also highlights a powerful irony: the same week Harvard turned down the Mears legacy, the U.S. Supreme Court endorsed eugenic sterilization in the landmark case of Buck v. Bell. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., graduate of Harvard and former member of its law faculty wrote the opinion in that case, including the famous conclusion: "Three generations of imbeciles are enough."

Eugenics without the state: anarchism in Catalonia, 1900-1937.

PubMed

Cleminson, Richard

2008-06-01

Current historiography has considered eugenics to be an emanation from state structures or a movement which sought to appeal to the state in order to implement eugenic reform. This paper examines the limitations of that view and argues that it is necessary to expand our horizons to consider particularly working-class eugenics movements that were based on the dissemination of knowledge about sex and which did not aspire to positions of political power. The paper argues that anarchism, with its contradictory practice afforded by the convulsive social situation of the Civil War in Spain, allows us to assess critically the parameters of the social action of eugenics, its many alliances, and its struggle for existence in changing political circumstances not of its own making.

When the time seems ripe: eugenics, the annals, and the subtle persistence of typological thinking.

PubMed

Weiss, Kenneth M; Lambert, Brian W

2011-05-01

This journal began in 1925 as the Annals of Eugenics. Much has changed since then. The original Editors' primary eugenic objective was not achieved, and eugenics justifiably became notorious for racism and gross abuse of human rights. But one founding aim was to publish advances in statistical genetics, and that objective prospered in the journal's pages from its beginning to the present day. The online availability of the original issues will be useful to those interested in the history of both eugenics and human genetics and will provide a reminder of how the careless use of genetical concepts can go astray. © 2010 The Authors Annals of Human Genetics © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/University College London.

Eugenics in Buenos Aires: discourses, practices, and historiography.

PubMed

Armus, Diego

2016-12-01

Since the early 1990s, a series of studies underscored the overwhelming presence of positive eugenics in modern Argentina. These works emphasized the marginal role which discourse on eugenics took on violent methods for selection. In recent years, this point of view has shifted, emphasizing the conceptual viscosity of eugenics as well as the presence of negative eugenic discourses. This paper discusses these historiographic trends, and also dwells on the narratives that those perspectives articulated in relation to the question of sterilization and regulation of marriage of those who had tuberculosis in Buenos Aires during the first half of the twentieth century. This example stresses the need to examine discourse as well as practices in understanding and making sense of the past.

History of the Social Sciences.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cravens, Hamilton

1985-01-01

Reviews the history of the social sciences in America, indicating that the field is still chiefly a collection of topics, albeit important ones such as mental hospitals, child development, and eugenics. Also indicates that although source materials are vast, synthetic overviews are needed in a number of areas. (JN)

Ernest Boyer's "Scholarship of Engagement" in Retrospect

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rice, R. Eugene

2016-01-01

In this commentary, author R. Eugene Rice reflects on Ernest Boyer's 1996 "Journal of Public Service & Outreach" article, "Scholarship of Engagement," (EJ532751) reprinted in this 20th anniversary issue of "Journal of Higher Education Outreach and Engagement." Boyer opened his essay with a celebratory review of…

Eugenics and Curriculum: 1860-1929.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Selden, Steven

1978-01-01

Examines ideas about heredity, racism, and the development of the eugenics movement, which influenced curriculum thinkers in the period of the "naturalistic mind" and progressivism; the eugenics movement's influence upon education for the gifted; and continuing similar attitudes as to the limited effect of environment on individuals…

The Emergence of Genetic Counseling in Sweden: Examples from Eugenics and Medical Genetics.

PubMed

Björkman, Maria

2015-09-01

This paper examines the intertwined relations between eugenics and medical genetics from a Swedish perspective in the 1940s and 1950s. The Swedish case shows that a rudimentary form of genetic counseling emerged within eugenic practices in the applications of the Swedish Sterilization Act of 1941, here analyzed from the phenomenon of "heredophobia" (ärftlighetsskräck). At the same time genetic counseling also existed outside eugenic practices, within the discipline of medical genetics. The paper argues that a demand for genetic counseling increased in the 1940s and 1950s in response to a sense of reproductive responsibility engendered by earlier eugenic discourse. The paper also questions the claim made by theoreticians of biopolitics that biological citizens have emerged only during the last decades, especially in neoliberal societies. From the Swedish case it is possible to argue that this had already happened earlier in relation to the proliferation of various aspects of eugenics to the public.

Artificial insemination and eugenics: celibate motherhood, eutelegenesis and germinal choice.

PubMed

Richards, Martin

2008-06-01

This paper traces the history of artificial insemination by selected donors (AID) as a strategy for positive eugenic improvement. While medical artificial insemination has a longer history, its use as a eugenic strategy was first mooted in late nineteenth-century France. It was then developed as 'scientific motherhood' for war widows and those without partners by Marion Louisa Piddington in Australia following the Great War. By the 1930s AID was being more widely used clinically in Britain (and elsewhere) as a medical solution to male infertility for married couples. In 1935 English postal clerk, Herbert Brewer, promoted AID (eutelegenesis) as the socialization of the germ plasm in a eugenic scheme. The next year Hermann Muller, American Drosophila geneticist and eugenicist, presented his plan for human improvement by AID to Stalin. Some twenty years later, Muller, together with Robert Klark Graham, began planning a Foundation for Germinal Choice in California. This was finally opened in 1980 as the first practical experiment in eugenic AID, producing some 215 babies over the twenty years it functioned. While AID appeared to be a means of squaring a eugenic circle by separating paternity from love relationships, and so allowing eugenic improvement without inhibiting individual choice in marriage, it found very little favour with those who might use it, not least because of a couple's desire to have their 'own' children has always seemed stronger than any eugenic aspirations. No state has ever contemplated using AID as a social policy.

[Medical eugenics: a current issue].

PubMed

Testart, J

1998-01-01

The author begins by examining the historical background of eugenics and then ourlines with examples how it has evolved today (gamete donation, embryo selection, etc.). He concludes by discussing possible requirements to prevent the potential misuses of eugenic medicine which might result from recent advances in science and technology.

Zur Rolle von Plansprachen im terminologiewissenschaftlichen Werk von Eugen Wuster (The Role of Planned Languages in Eugen Wuster's Work on Terminology Science).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blanke, Detlev

1998-01-01

Discusses the relationship between planned languages and specialized technical languages, with particular reference to Esperanto, and analyzes its significance for several aspects of Eugen Wuster's (the founder of terminology science) work. (Author/VWL)

House Hearing NASA Human Spaceflight Plan

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-05-25

Retired Navy Captain and commander of Apollo 17 Eugene Cernan testifies during a hearing before the House Science and Technology Committee, Tuesday, May 26, 2010, at the Rayburn House office building on Capitol Hill in Washington. The hearing was to review proposed human spaceflight plan by NASA. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Confronting Science: The Dilemma of Genetic Testing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zallen, Doris T.

1997-01-01

Considers the opportunities and ethical issues involved in genetic testing. Reviews the history of genetics from the first discoveries of Gregor Mendel, through the spurious pseudo-science of eugenics, and up to the discovery of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick. Explains how genetic tests are done. (MJP)

Eugenics, Mental Deficiency and Fabian Socialism between the Wars.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ray, L. J.

1983-01-01

Eugenics was not exclusively the concern of conservatives; it also appealed to certain socialists, particularly those whose middle class status was dependent upon their expert services and who believed that social problems could be resolved scientifically. Reasons for the appeal of eugenics to this group are discussed. (IS)

Dr. Caleb Williams Saleeby: The Complete Eugenicist.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodwell, Grant

1997-01-01

Profiles the work of Dr. Caleb Williams Saleeby, a late 19th-century propagandist for eugenics. Eugenics is a science that deals with the transmission of hereditary racial traits, coupled with a desire to use this for the elimination of social ills. Discusses Saleeby's work with the Eugenics Education Society. (MJP)

Assisted procreation and its relationship to genetics and eugenics.

PubMed

Ricci, Mariella Lombardi

2009-01-01

The article below is intended to reflect on whether or not a eugenic tendency constitutes an intrinsic element of human fertilization in vitro. The author outlines ideas and circumstances which characterized the foundation and propagation of eugenics between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. A brief discussion follows on some of the standard procedures of in vitro fertilization, and in particular, those which manifest a trace or hint of eugenics--heterologous fertilization and sperm banking, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and embryo selection--practices which, nonetheless, are used on a large scale and shed light on both the essence of procreative medicine and on the current cultural environment. The objective of the article is to explore whether it is possible to eliminate the eugenic connotations without foregoing the benefits of technical and scientific progress.

Hitler's bible: an analysis of the relationship between American and German eugenics in pre-war Nazi Germany.

PubMed

Brown, Susan

2009-06-01

Throughout the last century the wellbeing of those with disability has been threatened by the idea of eugenics. The most notable and extreme example of this could be considered to have been carried out during World WarTwo, within Nazi eugenic programmes. These resulted in the sterilisation and killing of hundreds of thousands of disabled people. Through research of a wide range of sources it has been established that much of the inspiration and encouragement for this rapidly progressing movement in Germany initially came from America, most notably from California. American eugenicists expressed interest, and at times jealousy, at the speed of the progression in German eugenics. German Sterilisation laws were drafted following careful study of American experiments and research, while financial support from a number of American individuals encouraged further German research. Correspondence between influential leaders, including Hitler, Grant and Whitney, Verschuer and Popenoe, on both sides also added to the developing relationship. In conclusion, although there are a number of vital differences between the progress of the eugenics programme in America and in pre-war Nazi Germany, and eugenics in America never produced the massive genocide that occurred in Germany, it is clear that the research, encouragement and enthusiasm from America had a profound influence on the rapidly growing Nazi eugenics movement.

Human heredity and politics: A comparative institutional study of the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor (United States), the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics (Germany), and the Maxim Gorky Medical Genetics Institute (USSR).

PubMed

Adams, Mark B; Allen, Garland E; Weiss, Sheila Faith

2005-01-01

Despite the fact that much has been written in recent years about the science of heredity under the Third Reich, there is as yet no satisfying analysis of two central questions: What, if anything, was peculiarly "Nazi" about human genetics under National Socialism? How, under whatever set of causes, did at least some of Germany's most well-known and leading biomedical practioners become engaged in entgrenzte Wissenschaft (science without moral boundaries)? This paper attempts to provide some answers to these two questions comparing three institutes that studied eugenics and human heredity in the 1920s and 1930s: the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor, New York, directed by Charles B. Davenport; the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics, in Berlin, directed by Eugen Fischer; and the Maxim Gorky Medical Genetics Institute in Moscow, directed by Solomon G. Levit. The institutes are compared on the basis of the kind and quality of their research in eugenics and medical genetics, organizational structure, leadership, patronage (private or state), and the economic-social-political context in which they functioned.

Eugene--a domain specific language for specifying and constraining synthetic biological parts, devices, and systems.

PubMed

Bilitchenko, Lesia; Liu, Adam; Cheung, Sherine; Weeding, Emma; Xia, Bing; Leguia, Mariana; Anderson, J Christopher; Densmore, Douglas

2011-04-29

Synthetic biological systems are currently created by an ad-hoc, iterative process of specification, design, and assembly. These systems would greatly benefit from a more formalized and rigorous specification of the desired system components as well as constraints on their composition. Therefore, the creation of robust and efficient design flows and tools is imperative. We present a human readable language (Eugene) that allows for the specification of synthetic biological designs based on biological parts, as well as provides a very expressive constraint system to drive the automatic creation of composite Parts (Devices) from a collection of individual Parts. We illustrate Eugene's capabilities in three different areas: Device specification, design space exploration, and assembly and simulation integration. These results highlight Eugene's ability to create combinatorial design spaces and prune these spaces for simulation or physical assembly. Eugene creates functional designs quickly and cost-effectively. Eugene is intended for forward engineering of DNA-based devices, and through its data types and execution semantics, reflects the desired abstraction hierarchy in synthetic biology. Eugene provides a powerful constraint system which can be used to drive the creation of new devices at runtime. It accomplishes all of this while being part of a larger tool chain which includes support for design, simulation, and physical device assembly.

[Eugenics: progress or backward movement?].

PubMed

González de Cancino, Emilssen

2007-01-01

Throughout this article there is a critical analysis of how genetics presents a dilemma for "human progress". So much so, that the legal world aims to create unequivocal norms and guarantees in relation with eugenics in order to avoid attempting against human dignity. The document makes the reader reflect on the ethical problems that eugenics can entail.

Science in the Publicity Laboratory: The Case of Eugenics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caudill, Edward

The eugenicists of the 1920s and 1930s aggressively pursued media attention and sought policy change for their cause of improving the human race by selective breeding. Eugenics gained momentum in the United States when the American Eugenics Society (AES) was organized in 1921. Policy formation and information dissemination were central to the…

Science and Society in the Eugenic Thought of H. J. Muller

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Garland E.

1970-01-01

Traces the growth of theories of eugenics during the twentieth century, focussing on the work of H. J. Muller. Concludes that "Muller's lasting contribution was to write the hereditarian attitudes associated with traditional eugenics and the environmentalist's viewpoint associated with modern sociology to obtain a humane and reasoned approach to…

A Cabinet of Mathematical Curiosities at Teachers College: David Eugene Smith's Collection

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murray, Diane R.

2012-01-01

This dissertation is a history of David Eugene Smith's collection of historical books, manuscripts, portraits, and instruments related to mathematics. The study analyzes surviving documents, images, objects, college announcements and catalogs, and secondary sources related to Smith's collection. David Eugene Smith (1860-1944) travelled…

From 'beastly philosophy' to medical genetics: eugenics in Russia and the Soviet Union.

PubMed

Krementsov, Nikolai

2011-01-01

This essay offers an overview of the three distinct periods in the development of Russian eugenics: Imperial (1900-1917), Bolshevik (1917-1929), and Stalinist (1930-1939). Began during the Imperial era as a particular discourse on the issues of human heredity, diversity, and evolution, in the early years of the Bolshevik rule eugenics was quickly institutionalized as a scientific discipline--complete with societies, research establishments, and periodicals--that aspired an extensive grassroots following, generated lively public debates, and exerted considerable influence on a range of medical, public health, and social policies. In the late 1920s, in the wake of Joseph Stalin's 'Great Break', eugenics came under intense critique as a 'bourgeois' science and its proponents quickly reconstituted their enterprise as 'medical genetics'. Yet, after a brief period of rapid growth during the early 1930s, medical genetics was dismantled as a 'fascist science' towards the end of the decade. Based on published and original research, this essay examines the factors that account for such an unusual--as compared to the development of eugenics in other locales during the same period--historical trajectory of Russian eugenics.

Eugenics and American social history, 1880-1950.

PubMed

Allen, G E

1989-01-01

Eugenics, the attempt to improve the human species socially through better breeding was a widespread and popular movement in the United States and Europe between 1910 and 1940. Eugenics was an attempt to use science (the newly discovered Mendelian laws of heredity) to solve social problems (crime, alcoholism, prostitution, rebelliousness), using trained experts. Eugenics gained much support from progressive reform thinkers, who sought to plan social development using expert knowledge in both the social and natural sciences. In eugenics, progressive reformers saw the opportunity to attack social problems efficiently by treating the cause (bad heredity) rather than the effect. Much of the impetus for social and economic reform came from class conflict in the period 1880-1930, resulting from industrialization, unemployment, working conditions, periodic depressions, and unionization. In response, the industrialist class adopted firmer measures of economic control (abandonment of laissez-faire principles), the principles of government regulation (interstate commerce, labor), and the cult of industrial efficiency. Eugenics was only one aspect of progressive reform, but as a scientific claim to explain the cause of social problems, it was a particularly powerful weapon in the arsenal of class conflict at the time.

From nation to family: two careers in the recasting of eugenics.

PubMed

Slavishak, Edward

2009-01-01

By examining the professional lives of two popularizers of eugenic thought from the 1910s to the 1940s, this study illustrates the broader change from "mainline" to "reform" eugenics in the United States. Roswell Hill Johnson's university teaching, laboratory research, and later marriage counseling work contrasted greatly with George Seibel's forays into eugenic theater moral reform, and mass physical fitness movements. Yet both men shifted from a strict position of mandating other people's behavior in the name of national health and racial integrity to a more therapeutic stance that cast individual decisions in the context of managed family life. This study shows that for some, the transformation of eugenics in the 1930s meant adapting the traditional focus on superiority, inferiority, and reproduction by design to the language of a commercial marketplace.

Web-based software tool for constraint-based design specification of synthetic biological systems.

PubMed

Oberortner, Ernst; Densmore, Douglas

2015-06-19

miniEugene provides computational support for solving combinatorial design problems, enabling users to specify and enumerate designs for novel biological systems based on sets of biological constraints. This technical note presents a brief tutorial for biologists and software engineers in the field of synthetic biology on how to use miniEugene. After reading this technical note, users should know which biological constraints are available in miniEugene, understand the syntax and semantics of these constraints, and be able to follow a step-by-step guide to specify the design of a classical synthetic biological system-the genetic toggle switch.1 We also provide links and references to more information on the miniEugene web application and the integration of the miniEugene software library into sophisticated Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools for synthetic biology ( www.eugenecad.org ).

Eugene – A Domain Specific Language for Specifying and Constraining Synthetic Biological Parts, Devices, and Systems

PubMed Central

Bilitchenko, Lesia; Liu, Adam; Cheung, Sherine; Weeding, Emma; Xia, Bing; Leguia, Mariana; Anderson, J. Christopher; Densmore, Douglas

2011-01-01

Background Synthetic biological systems are currently created by an ad-hoc, iterative process of specification, design, and assembly. These systems would greatly benefit from a more formalized and rigorous specification of the desired system components as well as constraints on their composition. Therefore, the creation of robust and efficient design flows and tools is imperative. We present a human readable language (Eugene) that allows for the specification of synthetic biological designs based on biological parts, as well as provides a very expressive constraint system to drive the automatic creation of composite Parts (Devices) from a collection of individual Parts. Results We illustrate Eugene's capabilities in three different areas: Device specification, design space exploration, and assembly and simulation integration. These results highlight Eugene's ability to create combinatorial design spaces and prune these spaces for simulation or physical assembly. Eugene creates functional designs quickly and cost-effectively. Conclusions Eugene is intended for forward engineering of DNA-based devices, and through its data types and execution semantics, reflects the desired abstraction hierarchy in synthetic biology. Eugene provides a powerful constraint system which can be used to drive the creation of new devices at runtime. It accomplishes all of this while being part of a larger tool chain which includes support for design, simulation, and physical device assembly. PMID:21559524

For Whom the Bell Curves: Old Texts, Mental Retardation, and the Persistent Argument.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, J. David

1995-01-01

A review of secondary education and college biology textbooks published from 1900 through 1950 finds strong support for eugenics and Social Darwinism. These attitudes are related to effects of such recent books as "The Bell Curve" (by R. Herrnstein and C. Murray) for people with mental retardation. (DB)

Pedigrees, propaganda, and paranoia: family studies in a historical context.

PubMed

Lombardo, P A

2001-01-01

This article reviews the uses of family studies carried out in the early 20th century under the banner of eugenics, a companion discipline to early genetics. It explores how, in an attempt to analyze and quantify purportedly biologic bases of social problems, the eugenicists constructed pedigree charts of notoriously "defective" families. Investigation of individuals with suspect traits formed the basis for instruction of field workers who linked those traits to larger groups. The resulting eugenic family studies provided a "scientific" face for a popular hereditarian mythology that claimed to explain all social failure in systematic terms. The eugenicists were successful in fueling public fear about the growing "army of idiots and imbeciles" graphically depicted in their pedigree charts. Their success was the result of a finely crafted educational program--propaganda that reduced science to simplistic terms. The tendency to oversimplify concepts of genetic causation and the rush to amplify the significance of research findings through the popular media is also apparent today. What begins as publicity has the potential to be transformed into propaganda. Although many in the scientific community are understandably reluctant to revisit the abuses of the past, that community must confront the history of eugenics as a necessary antidote to the genetic hype that surrounds us.

Fisher-Mendel controversy in genetics: scientific argument, intellectual integrity, a fair society, Western falls and bioethical evaluation.

PubMed

Tang, Bing H

2009-10-01

This review article aims to discuss and analyze the background and findings regarding Fisher-Mendel Controversy in Genetics and to elucidate the scientific argument and intellectual integrity involved, as well as their importance in a fair society, and the lesson of Western falls as learned. At the onset of this review, the kernel of Mendel-Fisher Controversy is dissected and then identified. The fact of an organizational restructuring that had never gone towards a happy synchronization for the ensuing years since 1933 is demonstrated. It was at that time after Fisher succeeded Karl Pearson not only as the Francis Galton Professor of Eugenics but also as the chief of the Galton Laboratory at University College, London. The academic style of eugenics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the UK is then introduced. Fisher's ideology at that time, with its effects on the human value system and policy-making at that juncture are portrayed. Bioethical assessment is provided. Lessons in history, the emergence of the Eastern phenomenon and the decline of the Western power are outlined.

[Negative and positive eugenics: meanings and contradictions].

PubMed

Mai, Lilian Denise; Angerami, Emília Luigia Saporiti

2006-01-01

Eugenics constitutes an important subject of debate, associated with current biogenetics improvements. Considering that the central point in eugenics has always been the preoccupation with future generations' health and constitution, and that the use of scientific means and knowledge for the birth of a physically and mentally healthy child can be considered a eugenic action, this paper tries to analyze the meanings and contradictions of negative and positive eugenics actions, constructed concomitantly with 20th-century technical-scientific improvements. The meanings range, respectively, between limiting or stimulating human reproduction, at the beginning of this century, and preventing diseases or improving physical and mental characteristics, nowadays. In the implantation of actions, contradictions were produced, such as the discrimination and elimination of many people in view of one ideal man, the biologization of eminently social factors, the defense of a supposed scientific neutrality and the indiscriminate use of the reproductive choice right.

What Was Wrong with Eugenics? Conflicting Narratives and Disputed Interpretations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paul, Diane B.

2014-02-01

Although it is often taken for granted that eugenics is odious, exactly what makes it so is far from obvious. The existence of considerable interpretative flexibility is evident in the disparate policy lessons for contemporary reproductive genetics (or "reprogenetics") that have been derived from essentially the same set of historical facts. In this paper, I will show how different—indeed, diametrically-opposed—morals have been drawn from the history of eugenics and link these contrasting messages both to different underlying conceptions of what constitutes the central wrong of eugenics and differing degrees of enthusiasm for reprogenetic technologies. I will then argue that, for several reasons, the history of eugenics simply cannot provide the kind of direct guidance that many participants in current debates would like. Although the history does have implications for policy, the insights to be gleaned are both subtle and indirect.

76 FR 33341 - Notice of Intent to prepare a Resource Management Plan for the West Eugene Wetlands Planning Area...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-08

....HAG11-0203] Notice of Intent to prepare a Resource Management Plan for the West Eugene Wetlands Planning... Planning Area and by this notice is announcing the beginning of the scoping process to solicit public comments and identify issues. The West Eugene Wetlands Planning Area comprises approximately 1,340 acres of...

33 CFR 207.170a - Eugene J. Burrell Navigation Lock in Haines Creek near Lisbon, Fla.; use, administration, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Eugene J. Burrell Navigation Lock in Haines Creek near Lisbon, Fla.; use, administration, and navigation. 207.170a Section 207.170a... REGULATIONS § 207.170a Eugene J. Burrell Navigation Lock in Haines Creek near Lisbon, Fla.; use...

Eugenics from the New Deal to the Great Society: genetics, demography and population quality.

PubMed

Ramsden, Edmund

2008-12-01

The relationship between biological and social scientists as regards the study of human traits and behavior has often been perceived in terms of mutual distrust, even antipathy. In the interwar period, population study seemed an area that might allow for closer relations between them-united as they were by a concern to improve the eugenic quality of populations. Yet these relations were in tension: by the early post-war era, social demographers were denigrating the contributions of biologists to the study of population problems as embodying the elitist ideology of eugenics. In response to this loss of credibility, the eugenics movement pursued a simultaneous program of withdrawal and expansion: its leaders helped focus concern with biological quality onto the developing field of medical genetics, while at the same moment, extended their scope to improving the social quality of populations through birth control policies, guided by demography. While this approach maintained boundaries between the social and the biological, in the 1960s, a revitalized American Eugenics Society helped reunite leading demographers and geneticists. This paper will assess the reasons for this period of influence for eugenics, and explore its implications for the social and biological study of human populations.

Index to Nuclear Safety. A technical progress review by chronology, permuted title, and author. Vol. 11, No. 1--Vol. 17, No. 6

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cottrell, W.B.; Klein, A.

1977-02-23

This index to Nuclear Safety covers articles in Nuclear Safety Vol. 11, No. 1 (Jan.-Feb. 1970), through Vol. 17, No. 6 (Nov.-Dec. 1976). The index includes a chronological list of articles (including abstract) followed by KWIC and Author Indexes. Nuclear Safety, a bimonthly technical progress review prepared by the Nuclear Safety Information Center, covers all safety aspects of nuclear power reactors and associated facilities. The index lists over 350 technical articles in the last six years of publication.

Eugenics in Japan: some ironies of modernity, 1883-1945.

PubMed

Otsubo, S; Bartholomew, J R

1998-01-01

Japanese eugenic discourse and institution building contrast sharply with comparable movements elsewhere. As a social-intellectual phenomenon, Anglo-American eugenics considered the Japanese racially inferior to Western peoples; yet eugenic ideals and policies achieved a remarkable popularity in Japan. Most of mainstream Japanese genetics was derived from orthodox Mendelian roots in Germany and (to a lesser degree) the United States. But French-style Lamarckian notions of the inheritability of acquired characters held surprising popularity among enthusiasts of eugenics. Japanese eugenicists could condemn the actions of foreign eugenicists like Charles Davenport in the United States for their efforts to forbid Japanese immigration in the 1920s, yet appeal to these same eugenicists as a source of legitimacy in Japan. These paradoxes can partly be explained against a background of relative isolation in a period of profound social change. Few Japanese eugenicists had close personal contact with foreign eugenicists, and most of their knowledge was acquired through reading rather than direct exposure. The eugenic ideal of ethnic purity was attractive to a society long accustomed to monoracial self-imagery. The need to defend national independence in an era of high imperialism seemed to require the most up-to-date policies and ideas. And Japan's own acquisition of an overseas empire seemed to demand a population management philosophy ostensibly based on scientific principles. These and other forces supported the implementation of eugenic policies and prescriptions among the Japanese people in the first half of the twentieth century.

The master potter and the rejected pots: eugenic legislation in Victoria, 1918-1939.

PubMed

Jones, R L

1999-01-01

In the period since Carol Bacchi introduced eugenics into Australian historiography in 1980, much has been written that has increased our understanding of the role eugenics played in the development of Australian society in the first half of this century. It is now generally recognised that eugenics developed after the first world war from a relatively simplistic scientific justification of racist and class-biased social Darwinism into a movement concerned with using environmental reforms to help a wide range of Australians reach their full potential. In the interwar years the reform eugenicists (as they have been named) were active in a wide range of environmental movements including health reforms, slum clearance and educational improvements. The corollary of reform eugenics was based on the belief that heredity was an impassable obstacle for some: mental deficients were not considered to be racially 'fit' or 'efficient' enough to benefit from the reforms. Whilst this side of reform eugenics is well known in other countries (sterilisation programmes in Germany, the United States and Scandinavia being examples), it is yet to receive much attention so far in the discussion about Australia in the interwar years. This article argues that the attempt of a group of influential reform eugenicists in Victoria in the interwar years to institute legislation aimed at denying a significant proportion of the population the most basic rights of citizenship (including the right to reproduce) redresses the imbalance in our understanding of reform eugenics in the interwar years.

Modernization of Special Monitoring of Applied Response Technologies (SMART) Technology and Methods - 2014

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-01

recommendations that came out of the DWH experience.  The USCG BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Incident Specific Preparedness Review Final Report, January...look at the EPA air monitoring data that was posted the ERMA situation map. The BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Incident Specific Preparedness Review...incidents:  M/V New Carissa Grounding, 1999 (in-situ burning)  Eugene Island Pipeline Spill , 2009 (dispersant)  T/V Krymsk Oil Spill , 2009

Inherently Undesirable: American Identity and the Role of Negative Eugenics in the Education of Visually Impaired and Blind Students in Ohio, 1870-1930

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Free, Jennifer L.

2012-01-01

To date, studies of eugenics artificially confine their focus to the movement's application to race, socio-economic status, and the forced sterilization of the so-called feebleminded. However, the segregationist aspect of the eugenics design in the United States brought with it damaging policies toward individuals with physical and mental…

The Ohio Hospital for Epileptics—The First ‘Epilepsy Colony’ in America

PubMed Central

Kissiov, Djem; Dewall, Taylor; Hermann, Bruce

2013-01-01

This review examines the planning, development, and course of the first established colony for epilepsy in the United States—The Ohio Hospital for Epileptics. The events leading to the development of the colony, its early course, and the people who were instrumental in its establishment and maintenance are reviewed. At approximately the same time as the development of the Ohio Hospital for Epileptics, eugenics was gaining momentum in America which affected epilepsy deeply. How this movement influenced thinking and practice at the Ohio Hospital is also reviewed. PMID:24010576

Maltreatment of people with serious mental illness in the early 20th century: a focus on Nazi Germany and eugenics in America.

PubMed

Fischer, Bernard A

2012-12-01

Prejudice and stigma against people with mental illness can be seen throughout history. The worst instance of this prejudice was connected to the rise of the eugenics movement in the early 20th century. Although the Nazi German T-4 program of killing people with mental illness was the most egregious culmination of this philosophy, the United States has its own dark eugenics history-nearing a slippery slope all too similar to that of the Nazis. Mental health care clinicians need to examine this period to honor the memory of the victims of eugenics and to guarantee that nothing like this will ever happen again.

Reproductive technologies and the quality of offspring in Asia: reproductive pioneering and moral pragmatism?

PubMed

Sleeboom-Faulkner, Margaret

2010-02-01

This paper highlights a number of theoretical issues relevant to this special issue of Culture, Health & Sexuality on the quality of offspring, including gender selection, ecofeminism, eugenics, reproductive agency, moral pioneering and reproductive pragmatism in China, India and Japan. First, it discusses various approaches to choice in sex selection, focusing on an instrumentalist and an ecofeminist approach. Second, it discusses issues of reproductive choice in the light of various concepts of eugenics and power, which have been used to characterise the relationship between the state, the individual and prenatal genetic testing. Third, it queries Foucault's notion of biopower in relation to reproductive agency. In reviewing the evidence, the chapter raises questions about how women and parents in Asian societies can be understood in terms of 'reproductive pragmatism', 'empowerment' and/or 'moral pioneering' when faced with the use of new reproductive technologies in modern societies.

Genetic services, economics, and eugenics.

PubMed

Paul, D B

1998-01-01

What are the aims of genetic services? Do any of these aims deserve to be labeled "eugenics"? Answers to these strenuously debated questions depend not just on the facts about genetic testing and screening but also on what is understood by "eugenics," a term with multiple and contested meanings. This paper explores the impact of efforts to label genetic services "eugenics" and argues that attempts to protect against the charge have seriously distorted discussion about their purpose(s). Following Ruth Chadwick, I argue that the existence of genetic services presupposes that genetic disease is undesirable and that means should be offered to reduce it. I further argue that the economic cost of such disease is one reason why governments and health care providers deem such services worthwhile. The important question is not whether such cost considerations constitute "eugenics," but whether they foster practices that are undesirable and, if so, what to do about them The wielding of the term "eugenics" as a weapon in a war over the expansion of genetic services, conjoined with efforts to dissociate such services from the abortion controversy, has produced a rhetoric about the aims of these services that is increasingly divorced from reality. Candor about these aims is a sine qua non of any useful debate over the legitimacy of the methods used to advance them.

Eugenics--a side effect of progressivism? analysis of the role of scientific and medical elites in the rise and fall of eugenics in pre-war Poland.

PubMed

Blach, Olga

2010-06-01

The eminent geneticist, Benno Muller-Hill, described eugenics as"explosive mixture between something we might call hard science, that is, human genetics, and the sphere of political action. On the one hand, geneticists needed politicians to implement their ideas. On the other hand, Hitler and the Nazis needed scientists who could say that anti-Semitism has scientific theoretical foundations." For some Polish eugenicists, the Third Reich was not the home of the Nuremberg Laws, but a country that "boldly embarked on racial hygiene." This enthusiastic attitude of Polish intellectual circles towards Nazi eugenic laws was characteristic of the status of pre-war science in Poland, which in many areas, such as anthropology and psychiatry, remained strongly influenced by the paradigm of German science. While the professional and scientific context of the day promoted eugenic and racist ideas within the framework of the academic milieu and the curriculum of the medical and scientific community, eugenicists in Poland tended to refrain from anti-Semitic and racist phraseology. Indeed, the Polish eugenic movement was class- rather than race-orientated. The hybrid language of eugenics, combining social sensitivity with repulsion and contempt for the sick and the weak, illustrated the ambiguous stance of the Polish eugenicists on politics and science in Nazi Germany, for the Third Reich provided the German eugenicists with what had always been an unfulfilled dream to the Polish eugenicists--political power and the ability to implement their ideas.

Eugenics, genetics, and mental illness stigma in Chinese Americans.

PubMed

WonPat-Borja, Ahtoy J; Yang, Lawrence H; Link, Bruce G; Phelan, Jo C

2012-01-01

The increasing interest in the genetic causes of mental disorders may exacerbate existing stigma if negative beliefs about a genetic illness are generally accepted. China's history of policy-level eugenics and genetic discrimination in the workplace suggests that Chinese communities will view genetic mental illness less favorably than mental illness with non-genetic causes. The aim of this study is to identify differences between Chinese Americans and European Americans in eugenic beliefs and stigma toward people with genetic mental illness. We utilized data from a 2003 national telephone survey designed to measure how public perceptions of mental illness differ if the illness is described as genetic. The Chinese American (n = 42) and European American (n = 428) subsamples were analyzed to compare their support of eugenic belief items and measures of stigma. Chinese Americans endorsed all four eugenic statements more strongly than European Americans. Ethnicity significantly moderated the relationship between genetic attribution and three out of five stigma outcomes; however, genetic attribution actually appeared to be de-stigmatizing for Chinese Americans while it increased stigma or made no difference for European Americans. Our findings show that while Chinese Americans hold more eugenic beliefs than European Americans, these attributions do not have the same effect on stigma as they do in Western cultures. These results suggest that future anti-stigma efforts must focus on eugenic attitudes as well as cultural beliefs for Chinese Americans, and that the effects of genetic attributions for mental illness should be examined relative to other social, moral, and religious attributions common in Chinese culture.

Eugenics, genetics, and mental illness stigma in Chinese Americans

PubMed Central

Yang, Lawrence H.; Link, Bruce G.; Phelan, Jo C.

2011-01-01

Background The increasing interest in the genetic causes of mental disorders may exacerbate existing stigma if negative beliefs about a genetic illness are generally accepted. China’s history of policy-level eugenics and genetic discrimination in the workplace suggests that Chinese communities will view genetic mental illness less favorably than mental illness with non-genetic causes. The aim of this study is to identify differences between Chinese Americans and European Americans in eugenic beliefs and stigma toward people with genetic mental illness. Methods We utilized data from a 2003 national telephone survey designed to measure how public perceptions of mental illness differ if the illness is described as genetic. The Chinese American (n = 42) and European American (n = 428) subsamples were analyzed to compare their support of eugenic belief items and measures of stigma. Results Chinese Americans endorsed all four eugenic statements more strongly than European Americans. Ethnicity significantly moderated the relationship between genetic attribution and three out of five stigma outcomes; however, genetic attribution actually appeared to be de-stigmatizing for Chinese Americans while it increased stigma or made no difference for European Americans. Conclusions Our findings show that while Chinese Americans hold more eugenic beliefs than European Americans, these attributions do not have the same effect on stigma as they do in Western cultures. These results suggest that future anti-stigma efforts must focus on eugenic attitudes as well as cultural beliefs for Chinese Americans, and that the effects of genetic attributions for mental illness should be examined relative to other social, moral, and religious attributions common in Chinese culture. PMID:21079911

Beyondism: Raymond B. Cattell and the new eugenics.

PubMed

Mehler, B

1997-01-01

A significant confusion has arisen out of the mass of work done on the history of eugenics in the last two decades. Early scholars of the subject treated eugenics as a marginalized or obsolete movement of the radical right. Subsequent research has shown that eugenic ideas were adopted in diverse national settings by very different groups, including--among others--liberals, communists and Catholics, as well as radical rightists. This complexity is sometimes taken to mean that eugenic has no special ideological associations, that it is historically and potentially a beast of a thousand heads. It is not. Although people of varied ideological commitments have been attracted to eugenics, ideologues of the radical right, and above all interwar fascists, have been uniquely and centrally involved in its development. Fascism and the radical right are also complex entities, but for all the heterogeneity of both eugenics and fascism, the special historical relationship between the two cannot be ignored. This relationship is exemplified in the work of the influential psychologist, Raymond B. Cattell. Cattell was an early supporter of German national socialism and his work should be understood in the context of interwar fascism. The new religious movement that he founded, 'Beyondism', is a neo-fascist contrivance. Cattell now promulgates ideas that he formulated within a demimonde of radical eugenists and neo-fascists that includes such as associates as Revilo Oliver, Roger Pearson, Wilmot Robertson and Robert K. Graham. These ideas and Cattell's role in the history of eugenics deserve deeper analysis than they have hitherto received. Far from being of merely antiquarian interest, his work currently encourages the propagation of radical eugenist ideology. It is unconscionable for scholars to permit these ideas to go unchallenged, and indeed honored and emulated by a new generation of ideologues and academicians whose work helps to dignify the most destructive political ideas of the twentieth century.

An Evil Hitherto Unchecked: Eugenics and the 1917 Ontario Royal Commission on the Care and Control of the Mentally Defective and Feeble-Minded.

PubMed

Koester, C Elizabeth

2016-01-01

In 1917, the Ontario government appointed the Royal Commission on the Care and Control of the Mentally Defective and Feeble-Minded, headed by Justice Frank Hodgins. Its final report made wide-ranging recommendations regarding the segregation of feeble-minded individuals, restrictions on marriage, the improvement of psychiatric facilities, and the reform of the court system, all matters of great concern to the eugenics movement. At the same time, however, it refrained from using explicitly eugenic vocabulary and ignored the question of sterilization. This article explores the role the commission played in the trajectory of eugenics in Ontario (including the province's failure to pass sterilization legislation) and considers why its recommendations were disregarded.

"Democracy was never intended for degenerates": Alberta's flirtation with eugenics comes back to haunt it.

PubMed

Cairney, R

1996-09-15

An Alberta woman recently won a lawsuit against the government of Alberta for wrongful sterilization that took place when she was a 14-year-old ward at the Provincial Training School for Mental Defectives. It was the first time the province has been held accountable for actions taken under the Sexual Sterilization Act, a 1927 law that promoted the theory of eugenics and led to the sterilization of more than 2800 people. It has since been repealed. A physician who served on the province's Eugenics Board said the decisions were based on the best scientific advice and medical techniques available at the time. Today, she added, eugenics is being practised in a different way through prenatal diagnosis and therapeutic abortion.

[Constant or break? On the relations between human genetics and eugenics in the Twentieth Century].

PubMed

Germann, Pascal

2015-07-01

The history of human genetics has been a neglected topic in history of science and medicine for a long time. Only recently, have medical historians begun to pay more attention to the history of human heredity. An important research question deals with the interconnections between human genetics and eugenics. This paper addresses this question: By focusing on a Swiss case study, the investigation of the heredity of goiter, I will argue that there existed close but also ambiguous relations between heredity research and eugenics in the twentieth century. Studies on human heredity often produced evidence that challenged eugenic aims and ideas. Concurrently, however, these studies fostered visions of genetic improvement of human populations.

Annual Historical Review FY88

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-01

Army Executive Agent for RDA vi LTG Fred Hissong, Jr. DCG for Materiel Readiness Executive Director for Chemical and Nuclear Matters Executive Director...Chemical & Equal Employment To 31 March 1988 Nuclear Matters To 1 March 1988 To 1 January 1988 xv MG Thomas W. Kelly Mr. Edward Korte MG Eugene B. Leedy DCS...13 Chemical/ Nuclear ......................................... 14 Hazardous And Toxic Materials ............................... 14 International

A Life of Sir Francis Galton: From African Exploration to the Birth of Eugenics [Book Review].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Deary, Ian J.

2002-01-01

This biography explores the many scientific interests and contributions of Francis Galton and outlines his psychological studies as a "detour" from his major works that lasted from 1877 to 1885. Galton's interest in heredity was a focus of the second half of his life, the first having concentrated on geography and exploration. (SLD)

Fifty years after the Nuremberg Nazi Doctors' Trial: reviewing how the laws of the Third Reich applied to individuals with oral clefts.

PubMed

Wyszynski, D F

1998-02-01

The Nazi Doctors' Trial, held in the city of Nuremberg 50 years ago, is a landmark in the history of medicine and science. For the first time, the horrors inflicted by a group of German scientists on innocent victims became widely known. Most of the defendants received sentences that ranged from relatively short imprisonment to death. The Trial also provided elements to develop standards for permissible medical experimentation, known as the Nuremberg Code. The atrocities judged in the Nazi Doctors' Trial, however, were not isolated. They were part of an overall eugenic system that encouraged euthanasia, compulsory sterilization, and selective marriages based on "genetic health" and "racial hygiene." Individuals with oral clefts were considered subject to these laws and suffered their consequences. This paper describes the main features of the Trial, reviews the state of knowledge on oral clefts in the 1930s and 1940s, presents how the laws of the Third Reich impacted the lives of individuals with oral clefts, and speculates on the implications of past and present eugenic policies in the future of humankind.

Reference publication year spectroscopy (RPYS) of Eugene Garfield's publications.

PubMed

Bornmann, Lutz; Haunschild, Robin; Leydesdorff, Loet

2018-01-01

Which studies, theories, and ideas have influenced Eugene Garfield's scientific work? Recently, the method reference publication year spectroscopy (RPYS) has been introduced, which can be used to answer this and related questions. Since then, several studies have been published dealing with the historical roots of research fields and scientists. The program CRExplorer (http://www.crexplorer.net) was specifically developed for RPYS. In this study, we use this program to investigate the historical roots of Eugene Garfield's oeuvre.

Prenatal diagnosis as a tool and support for eugenics: myth or reality in contemporary French society?

PubMed

Gaille, Marie; Viot, Géraldine

2013-02-01

Today, French public debate and bioethics research reflect an ongoing controversy about eugenics. The field of reproductive medicine is often targeted as pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), prenatal diagnosis, and prenatal detection are accused of drifting towards eugenics or being driven by eugenics considerations. This article aims at understanding why the charge against eugenics came at the forefront of the ethical debate. Above all, it aims at showing that the charge against prenatal diagnosis is groundless. The point of view presented in this article has been elaborated jointly by a geneticist and a philosopher. Besides a survey of the medical, bioethical, philosophical and social sciences literature on the topic, the methodology is founded on a joint analysis of geneticist's various consults. Evidence from office visits demonstrated that prenatal diagnosis leads to case-by-case decisions. As we have suggested, this conclusion does not mean that prenatal diagnosis is devoid of ethical issues, and we have identified at least two. The first is related to the evaluation of a decision to abort. The second line of ethical questions arises from the fact that the claim for "normality" hardly hides normative and ambiguous views about disability. As a conclusion, ethical dilemmas keep being noticeable in the field of reproductive medicine and genetic counselling, but an enquiry about eugenic tendencies probably does not allow us to understand them in the proper way.

Eugenics as Indian removal: sociohistorical processes and the de(con)struction of American Indians in the southeast.

PubMed

Gonzales, Angela; Kertész, Judy; Tayac, Gabrielle

2007-01-01

Although research on the history of the eugenics movement in the United States is legion, its impact on state policies that identified and defined American Indians has yet to be fully addressed. The exhibit, Our Lives: Comtemporary Life and Identities (ongoing until September 21, 2014) at the National Museum of the American Indian provides a provocative vehicle for examining how eugenics-informed public policy during the first quarter of the twentieth century served to "remove" from official records Native peoples throughout the Southeast. One century after Indian Removal of the antebellum era, Native peoples in the American Southeast provide an important but often overlooked example of how racial policies, this time rooted in eugenics, effected a documentary erasure of Native peoples and communities.

Emancipation through interaction--how eugenics and statistics converged and diverged.

PubMed

Louçã, Francisco

2009-01-01

The paper discusses the scope and influence of eugenics in defining the scientific programme of statistics and the impact of the evolution of biology on social scientists. It argues that eugenics was instrumental in providing a bridge between sciences, and therefore created both the impulse and the institutions necessary for the birth of modern statistics in its applications first to biology and then to the social sciences. Looking at the question from the point of view of the history of statistics and the social sciences, and mostly concentrating on evidence from the British debates, the paper discusses how these disciplines became emancipated from eugenics precisely because of the inspiration of biology. It also relates how social scientists were fascinated and perplexed by the innovations taking place in statistical theory and practice.

"Democracy was never intended for degenerates": Alberta's flirtation with eugenics comes back to haunt it.

PubMed Central

Cairney, R

1996-01-01

An Alberta woman recently won a lawsuit against the government of Alberta for wrongful sterilization that took place when she was a 14-year-old ward at the Provincial Training School for Mental Defectives. It was the first time the province has been held accountable for actions taken under the Sexual Sterilization Act, a 1927 law that promoted the theory of eugenics and led to the sterilization of more than 2800 people. It has since been repealed. A physician who served on the province's Eugenics Board said the decisions were based on the best scientific advice and medical techniques available at the time. Today, she added, eugenics is being practised in a different way through prenatal diagnosis and therapeutic abortion. Images p790-a PMID:8823227

Predicting the conformations of peptides and proteins in early evolution. A review article submitted to Biology Direct

PubMed Central

Milner-White, E James; Russell, Michael J

2008-01-01

Considering that short, mainly heterochiral, polypeptides with a high glycine content are expected to have played a prominent role in evolution at the earliest stage of life before nucleic acids were available, we review recent knowledge about polypeptide three-dimensional structure to predict the types of conformations they would have adopted. The possible existence of such structures at this time leads to a consideration of their functional significance, and the consequences for the course of evolution. This article was reviewed by Bill Martin, Eugene Koonin and Nick Grishin. PMID:18226248

2. Historic American Buildings Survey, W. Eugene George Jr., Photographer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. Historic American Buildings Survey, W. Eugene George Jr., Photographer September, 1961 EAST ELEVATION. - Hill County Courthouse, Public Squre, Waco, Elm, Covington & Franklin Streets, Hillsboro, Hill County, TX

1. Historic American Buildings Survey, W. Eugene George Jr., Photographer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Historic American Buildings Survey, W. Eugene George Jr., Photographer September, 1961 NORTHEAST ELEVATION. - Hill County Courthouse, Public Squre, Waco, Elm, Covington & Franklin Streets, Hillsboro, Hill County, TX

Improving Oversight and Coordination of Department of Defense Programs That Address Problematic Behaviors Among Military Personnel

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-01

Alcohol on Human Aggression: An Integrative Research Review,” Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 107, No. 3, May 1990, pp. 341–354; Stephen T. Chermack and...Peter R. Giancola, “The Relation Between Alcohol and Aggression: An Integrated Biopsychosocial Conceptualization,” Clinical Psychology Review, Vol...M. Jackson and Kenneth J. Sher, “Conjoint Developmental Trajectories of Young Adult Alcohol and Tobacco Use,” Journal of Abnormal Psychology , Vol

4. Historic American Buildings Survey, W. Eugene George, Jr., Photographer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Historic American Buildings Survey, W. Eugene George, Jr., Photographer July, 1961 CHIMNEY DETAIL (SOUTH ELEVATION). - Eugenio Rodriguez House & Post Office, Farm Road 649, Cuevitas, Jim Hogg County, TX

5. Historic American Buildings Survey, W. Eugene George Jr., Photographer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Historic American Buildings Survey, W. Eugene George Jr., Photographer September, 1961 WEST WINDOW DETAIL. - Hill County Courthouse, Public Squre, Waco, Elm, Covington & Franklin Streets, Hillsboro, Hill County, TX

4. Historic American Buildings Survey, W. Eugene George Jr., Photographer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Historic American Buildings Survey, W. Eugene George Jr., Photographer September, 1961 WEST DOOR DETAIL. - Hill County Courthouse, Public Squre, Waco, Elm, Covington & Franklin Streets, Hillsboro, Hill County, TX

5. Historic American Buildings Survey, W. Eugene George, Jr., Photographer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Historic American Buildings Survey, W. Eugene George, Jr., Photographer July, 1961 NORTH DOOR DETAIL (AUXILIARY BUILDING). - Eugenio Rodriguez House & Post Office, Farm Road 649, Cuevitas, Jim Hogg County, TX

3. Historic American Buildings Survey, W. Eugene George Jr., Photographer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. Historic American Buildings Survey, W. Eugene George Jr., Photographer September, 1961 DETAILS OF EAST ENTABLATURE. - Hill County Courthouse, Public Squre, Waco, Elm, Covington & Franklin Streets, Hillsboro, Hill County, TX

Moderate eugenics and human enhancement.

PubMed

Selgelid, Michael J

2014-02-01

Though the reputation of eugenics has been tarnished by history, eugenics per se is not necessarily a bad thing. Many advocate a liberal new eugenics--where individuals are free to choose whether or not to employ genetic technologies for reproductive purposes. Though genetic interventions aimed at the prevention of severe genetic disorders may be morally and socially acceptable, reproductive liberty in the context of enhancement may conflict with equality. Enhancement could also have adverse effects on utility. The enhancement debate requires a shift in focus. What the equality and/or utility costs of enhancement will be is an empirical question. Rather than philosophical speculation, more social science research is needed to address it. Philosophers, meanwhile, should address head-on the question of how to strike a balance between liberty, equality, and utility in cases of conflict (in the context of genetics).

Social imaginaries: the literature of eugenics.

PubMed

Sinclair, Alison

2008-06-01

This paper starts from a premise relating to the act of fictional writing about eugenics and the way it may be understood as the embodiment and enactment of social imaginaries. It proposes that literature (in the sense of fiction) frequently, if not habitually, expresses the underside of what is expressed in public discourse. That is, far from being the implement of state policy or intervention, it acts in counterpoint to the state, constituting a type of social fantasy in that it explores through the realm of the imagination what might happen. It becomes the arena for contestation, exploration, and nuancing as it essays how ideas from public, 'real' life, might transform when acted out. The paper considers two sorts of literary case. First it looks at that of 'naïve' literature, harnessed unashamedly to a specific sociological discourse of eugenics. Then, using primarily Ibsen, it considers a subset, the case of literature that does not set out to be explicitly in the service of the cause of eugenics, but is appropriated and disseminated from a platform of eugenics. Lastly, taking the example of Unamuno's Amor y pedagogía (1902) the paper considers literature that exists in a quite different sphere of public awareness. It shows awareness of the arguments and precepts of eugenics and related beliefs and practices, but acts as a transitional space (in the terms of Winnicott) to enable such ideas to be entertained and thought about, without a requirement of acceptance or belief.

Mapping the human genome

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Annas, G.C.; Elias, S.

1992-01-01

This article is a review of the book Mapping the Human Genome: Using Law and Ethics as Guides, edited by George C. Annas and Sherman Elias. The book is a collection of essays on the subject of using ethics and laws as guides to justify human gene mapping. It addresses specific issues such problems related to eugenics, patents, insurance as well as broad issues such as the societal definitions of normality.

Orthologs and paralogs - we need to get it right

PubMed Central

Jensen, Roy A

2001-01-01

A response to Homologuephobia, by Gregory A Petsko, Genome Biology 2001 2:comment1002.1-1002.2, to An apology for orthologs - or brave new memes by Eugene V Koonin, Genome Biology 2001, 2:comment1005.1-1005.2, and to Can sequence determine function? by John A Gerlt and Patricia C Babbitt, Genome Biology 2000, 1:reviews0005.1-0005.10. PMID:11532207

Eugenics for the doctors: medicine and social control in 1930s Turkey.

PubMed

Salgirli, Sanem Güvenç

2011-07-01

This article aims to add a new dimension to the analysis of the relationship between medicine and eugenics via a discussion of the community of Turkish physicians in the period between the two World Wars. It argues that even though the relationship between the two fields has been discussed before in terms of the professional ideology of doctors, the medical community itself has not come under scrutiny by scholars. It is the purpose of this article to show eugenics as the main unifying edifice of that community and argue that eugenics is to be found in the patterns of social reproduction of the doctors as part of the professional middle class in addition to being those who transfer knowledge of medicine. As can be seen in Turkey in the 1930s, the doctors, in their efforts to construct themselves as the pioneers of modern scientific medicine, as well as the new ruling class of the country, used eugenics extensively both as a means of self-identification, and as a way to build a professional class "fit" to rule the country. © The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

Eugene Wigner and Fundamental Symmetry Principles

Science.gov Websites

, DOE Technical Report, April 19, 1944 Effect of the Temperature of the Moderator on the Velocity , 1949 The Magnitude of the Eta Effect, DOE Technical Report, April 25, 1951 Wigner Honored: Eugene

Parking Pricing Demonstration in Eugene, OR : Executive Summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1988-02-01

This report describes the results of a preferential parking/pricing demonstration program operated by the City of Eugene, Oregon, and funded by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The program established two residential parking permit zones...

Genetic aspects of population policy.

PubMed

Morton, N E

1999-08-01

Every science begins in folklore and matures as it reacts against dogma and myth. Astronomy developed in the Neolithic, but it did not outgrow astrology until the sixteenth century. Chemistry discarded alchemy at about the same time. On the contrary, the short history of genetics has been concurrent with the pseudo-science of eugenics, which, at times, has been widely accepted and incorporated in population policy and directive genetic counselling, with rare opposition by geneticists. Societal pressures are likely to increase with the power of genetic technology, the fear it generates and the perception that population growth threatens human welfare. Without a pertinent ethical code, geneticists are vulnerable to both temptation and opprobrium. The intrusion of eugenics into genetic counselling has been a recent source of concern to societies and congresses of genetics. This review traces the causes of this concern and the manner of its expression in the absence of an international voice for genetics that could address ethical and other common interests.

Parking Pricing Demonstration in Eugene, OR : Technical Report and Appendices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1988-02-01

This report describes the results of a preferential parking/pricing demonstration program operated by the City of Eugene, Oregon, and funded by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The program established two residential parking permit zones...

CORRADO GINI AND THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF FASCIST RACISM.

PubMed

Macuglia, Daniele

2014-01-01

It is controversial whether the development of Fascist racism was influenced by earlier Italian eugenic research. Before the First International Eugenics Congress held in London in 1912, Italian eugenics was not characterized by a clear program of scientific research. With the advent of Fascism, however, the equality "number = strength" became the foundation of its program. This idea, according to which the improvement of a nation relies on the amplitude of its population, was conceived by statistician Corrado Gini (1884-1965) already in 1912. Focusing on the problem of the degeneration of the Italian race, Gini had a tremendous influence on Benito Mussolini's (1883-1945) political campaign, and shaped Italian social sciences for almost two decades. He was also a committed racist, as documented by a series of indisputable statements from the primary literature. All these findings place Gini in a linking position among early Italian eugenics, Fascism and official state racism.

A distinct species, Dodona formosana, detected in the Dodona eugenes species complex: clarification of the taxonomic status of the Punch butterfly in Taiwan

PubMed Central

Wu, Li-Wei; Lin, Wen-Jie; Hsu, Yu-Feng

2018-01-01

Abstract The Tailed Punch, Dodona eugenes, is widely distributed in East Asia with seven subspecies currently recognized. However, two of them, namely ssp. formosana and ssp. esakii found in Taiwan, are hard to distinguish from each other due to ambiguous diagnostic characters. In this study, their taxonomic status is clarified by comparing genitalia characters and phylogenetic relationships based on mitochondrial sequences, COI and COII (total 2211 bps). Our results show that there is no reliable feature to separate these two subspecies. Surprisingly we found that Dodona in Taiwan is more closely related to the Orange Punch, D. egeon, than to other subspecies of D. eugenes. Therefore, the following nomenclatural changes are proposed: Dodona eugenes formosana is revised to specific status as Dodona formosana Matsumura, 1919, stat. rev, and ssp. esakii is sunk to a junior synonym of Dodona formosana syn. n. PMID:29674868

The sex reform movement and eugenics in interwar Poland.

PubMed

Gawin, Magdalena

2008-06-01

This paper focuses on the relations between a liberal group of sex reformers, consisting of writers and literary critics, and physicians from the Polish Eugenics Society in interwar Poland. It illustrates the paradoxes of the mutual co-operation between these two groups during the 1930s and analyses the reason why compulsory sterilisation was rejected by politicians. From the early 1930s two movements began to forge an alliance in Poland: the sexual reform movement which advocated freedom of the individual, and eugenics, which called for limiting the freedom of the individual for the collective good. This paper draws attention to several issues which emerged as part of this collaboration: population politics, the relationship between reformers, eugenicists and state institutions, and the question of how both movements--eugenics and sexual reform--perceived the question of sexuality, birth control and abortion. It will also focus on those aspects of their thinking that led to mutual co-operation.

Eugenics and migration: a case study of Salvation Army literature about Canada and Britain, c.1890-1921.

PubMed

Baker, Graham J

2014-01-01

The eugenics movement attracted a wide range of supporters. This article explores this theme with relation to literature about the charitable work of the Salvation Army in Britain and Canada c.1890-1921, with a focus upon the emigration scheme outlined in William Booth's book In Darkest England and the Way Out. These writings indicate the widespread dispersal of eugenic ideology, and demonstrate the flexibility with which these theories were interpreted in this period. It will be shown that the Salvation Army adopted elements of both hereditarian and environmentalist views regarding racial health. These arguments were unified by the claim that the work of the organization made a worthy contribution to public health, both in the present and in the future. This case study sheds new light upon the history of a prominent evangelical Christian organization and upon the development of the international eugenics movement.

Human fertility and differential birth rates in American eugenics and genetics: a brief history.

PubMed

Cooke, K J

1998-05-01

Eugenics is a broad term used to describe a variety of social and state-sponsored reform movements. Although we usually think of Nazi atrocities when we hear the word "eugenics," in this article I discuss the manifestations of hereditary reform worldwide. In particular, I consider the history of eugenics in America, focusing on concerns about the differences in birth rates between various racial, ethnic, and educational groups. In the early twentieth century, the social and cultural expectations that surrounded the growing knowledge in genetics implied an ethical imperative for physicians. Physicians were expected to use their knowledge about genetics to help them decide what sort of advice and assistance should be given to those who wanted knowledge about birth control, or help in resolving problems concerning sterility and infertility. Today, with growing knowledge about human genetics, physicians are subject to increasing pressure to make similar judgments.

H. David Politzer, Asymptotic Freedom, and Strong Interaction

Science.gov Websites

Possible Non-Regge Behavior of Electroproduction Structure Functions; Physical Review D, Vol. 10, Issue 5 ; 1974 Heavy Quarks and Long-lived Hadrons; Physical Review D, Vol. 12, Issue 5; 1975 Experimental take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site. Website Policies/Important

Defense Acquisition Review Journal. Volume 14, Number 1, February 2007

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-02-01

price, delivery schedules, or policies, such as the Berry Amendment Specialty Metals Clause,3 Critical Safety Items (CSI),4 and Business System Status...management, quality assurance, client care and subcontractor management. Ms. Shaw holds a BS in Business from University of Baltimore and a masters in...William Kleiner Matthew Popham A Business Model for Defense Acquisition under the Modular Open Systems Approach Eugene Gholz Decision Support for Best

[Population policy: the legacy of Greek thought].

PubMed

Elgegren Reategui, F

1994-01-01

The author "explains that the Greek philosophy and scientific thought developed elements of what is known today as population policies. These include roles and gender relationships, the population volume, the family, sexuality, birth control, eugenics, abortion and [quality of life]....The first part of the article reviews issues on family and women's roles. The second part is related to aspects associated with sexuality and...population policy." (SUMMARY IN ENG) excerpt

The Legend of Eugene Debs: Prophetic "Ethos" as Radical Argument.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Darsey, James

1988-01-01

Examines the legend Eugene Debs fostered, calling for a renewal of American virtue. Argues that a more sympathetic view of Debs' radicalism is achieved by looking at him against the Judeo-Christian tradition of Old Testament prophecy. (RAE)

From the 'Village of a Thousand Souls' to 'Race Crossing in Jamaica': Arnold Gesell, eugenics and child development.

PubMed

Weizmann, Fredric

2010-01-01

Perhaps best known for providing age-related norms in early development, norms that are still used as a basis for measures of developmental maturity, Arnold Gesell was a key figure in developmental psychology from the 1920s through the 1950s. After examining Gesell's reputation and status in the field, we explore Gesell's changing relationship to eugenics, both in terms of Gesell's often contradictory attitudes about the role of hereditary and environmental influences in development, and in terms of the broader relationship between the eugenics movement and science.

Biotypology, endocrinology, and sterilization: the practice of eugenics in the treatment of Argentinian women during the 1930s.

PubMed

Eraso, Yolanda

2007-01-01

This article looks at medical approaches to women's fertility in Argentina in the 1930s and explores the ways in which eugenics encouraged the reproduction of the fit and attempted to avoid the reproduction of the unfit. The analysis concentrates on three main aspects: biotypology (the scientific classification of bodies), endocrine therapy, and sterilization. The article concludes by suggesting that a eugenically oriented obstetrical and gynecological practice encouraged both endocrine treatments (to achieve the ideal fertile woman) and sterilization, which, in spite of being legally banned, found a subtle application.

[Between research and genocide. The Nuremberg physician trials 1946/47: Raphael Lemkins point of view on human experimentation and genocide].

PubMed

Weindling, Paul

2007-01-01

While the significance of the new concept of genocide, as introduced by the Polish émigré jurist Raphael Lemkin, has been recognised, its importance for the Nuremberg Medical Trial has been overlooked. Lemkin commented extensively on the Trial, and his views are presented here. These comments help illuminate a neglected facet of the Trial, that of eugenics and racial extermination, taken at the time as amounting to genocide. Far from neglecting eugenics as some have suggested, the eugenic component of the Trial was extensive.

[Creating a 'Germanic' public health: national-socialism, human genetics, and eugenics in the Netherlands].

PubMed

Snelders, Stephen

2007-01-01

The consequences of the uses of concepts of heredity in society and health care are not simply determined. This is demonstrated by a study of Dutch National Socialist doctors and biologists in the Second World War. During the German occupation of the Netherlands SS-biologist W.F.H. Stroër (1907-1979) and SS-doctor J.A. van der Hoeven (1912-1998) attempted to create a eugenic research and health care institute in the Netherlands. Heredity was accorded a key role in National Socialist plans for reorganization of Dutch health care. The ideas of the SS-eugenicists were closely related to those of leading geneticists and eugenicists in the Netherlands. Eugenic ideas were spread among all political ideologies. As late as November 1942 cooperation between the SS and non-Nazi geneticists was still discussed. The hardening of the political climate during the war created more explicit dividing lines between them. The SS-researchers did not believe in the existence of well-defined and separated races. They rejected a purely genetic determinism and advocated measures of social hygiene next to a positive and negative eugenics in the creation of a more healthy Germanic people and a purer race. Racial and genetic concepts were not exclusively translated into eugenic policies directed at human reproduction.

From degeneration to genetic susceptibility, from eugenics to genethics, from Bezugsziffer to LOD score: the history of psychiatric genetics.

PubMed

Schulze, Thomas G; Fangerau, Heiner; Propping, Peter

2004-11-01

Reviewing the history of psychiatric genetics is a difficult task, since--in contrast to genetic research into most other disorders--it cannot simply be done by chronologically listing methodological achievements and major findings. Instead, it necessitates a comprehensive assessment of how the aetiological concept of mental disorders has developed since as early as the world of ancient Greece. Furthermore, it has to touch upon the sensitive issue of the eugenic movement that was closely linked to the study of heredity in mental disorders in the first half of the 20th century and, in Nazi Germany, led to the systematic mass murder of psychiatric patients. Finally, reviewing the scientific dimensions, history of psychiatric genetics is at the same time a walk through the history of complex genetics in general. In our review, we try to pay tribute to this complexity. We argue that psychiatric genetics has not only propelled our understanding of mental disorders but has significantly benefited genetic research into other complex disorders through the development of methodologically robust approaches (e.g., systematic phenotype characterisation, methods to control for ascertainment biases, age-correction). Given the recent reasons for new optimism, i.e., the identification of susceptibility genes for psychiatric phenotypes, a continued methodologically sound approach is needed more than ever to guarantee robust results. Finally, psychiatric genetic research should never again be performed in an environment void of ethical standards.

Proceedings of the National Silviculture Workshop: Density of Stocking Control; Eugene, Oregon; October 13-15, 1976

Treesearch

Jack H. Usher; Daniel B. Jones; A. R. Stage; Benjamin A. Roach; Gilbert B. Schubert; Darrell W. Crawford; Gilbert H. Schubert; Walter Fox; Edward A. Smith; Richard E. Lowrey Sofes; Richard F. Watt

1976-01-01

The 1976 National Silviculture Workshop was held in Eugene, Oregon, on October 13-15, 1976. The objectives were to discuss second growth management of individual stands, with particular emphasis on the control of stand density.

The Future Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McConnell, R. A.

1970-01-01

Indicates why selective breeding for intelligence is biologically practical and suggests that positive eugenics is the only answer now available to our need for more intelligence. Procedure does not seem immoral. Quotes H. J. Muller's values to be recognized in eugenic planning." Does not prescribe program. (AL)

78 FR 12085 - Environmental Documents Prepared for Oil, Gas, and Mineral Operations by the Gulf of Mexico Outer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-21

.... Planning Area of the Gulf of Mexico. Tesla Offshore, LLC, Geological Eugene Island South 12/5/2012.... Tesla Offshore, LLC, Geological Eugene Island South 12/18/2012 & Geophysical Survey, SEA L12- Addition...

Gemini 9 spacecraft during EVA as seen Astronaut Eugene Cernan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1966-01-01

Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan took this view of the Gemini 9 spacecraft and his umbilical cord (right) over California, Arizona, and Sonora, Mexico, during his extravehicular activity on the Gemini 9 mission. Taken during the 32nd revolution of the flight.

GEMINI-TITAN (GT)-9 TEST - ASTRONAUT EUGENE A. WHITE -- PERSONAL - CAPE

NASA Image and Video Library

1964-06-03

S66-34051 (3 June 1966) --- Astronauts Thomas P. Stafford and Eugene A. Cernan arrive in the White Room atop Pad 19 at the Kennedy Space Center in preparation for the launch of the Gemini-9 spaceflight. Photo credit: NASA

[City and County Records.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Combs, Judith O.; And Others

Six papers presented at the Institute were concerned with city and county records. They are: "EWEB and Its Records," which discusses the history, laws and records of the Eugene Water and Electric Board (EWEB);""Police Records: Eugene, Oregon," classifies police records, other than administrative, into three general…

Eugene Filmore Stoermer

EPA Science Inventory

The St. Lawrence Great Lakes has lost a champion and prominent researcher with the passing of Eugene F. Stoermer, during the early winter of 2012, after a two-year battle with esophageal cancer. Indeed the international community of diatom and algal research has lost a scholar i...

Astronaut Eugene Cernan eating a meal aboard Apollo 17 spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

A fellow crewman took this photograph of Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan, Apollo 17 mission commander, eating a meal under the weightless conditions of space during the final lunar landing mission in the Apollo program. Cernan appears to be eating chocolate pudding.

Eugene F. Kranz wears special vest to celebrate 41-C mission landing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

Eugene F. Kranz, Director of Mission Operations, wears special red, white and blue striped vest to celebrate 41-C mission landing. He stands at the rear row of consoles in the Mission Operations Control Room (MOCR) of JSC's Mission Control Center.

Astronaut Eugene Cernan sits in Gemini boilerplate during water egress

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-04-09

S66-29559 (9 April 1966) --- Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan, prime crew pilot of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration?s Gemini-9 spaceflight, sits in Gemini Boiler-plate during water egress training activity in the Gulf of Mexico. Photo credit: NASA

[On the medical and publishing activities of the community of Saint Eugene].

PubMed

2012-01-01

The article deals with the role the physicians played in organization and functioning of the Community of Saint Eugene in St. Petersburg in 1882-1918. The typography production of the Community being of interest for history of medicine is examined.

Small City Transit : Eugene/Springfield, Oregon : Extensive County-Wide Transit Coverage

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-03-01

Eugene/Springfield, Oregon is an illustration of a fixed-route transit service with extensive county-wide coverage. This case study is one of thirteen examples of a transit service in a small community. The background of the community is discussed al...

Energy Edge Post-Occupancy Evaluation Project: The Eugene Water and Electric Board Building (EWEB) Eugene, Oregon

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1990-06-01

The Workspace Satisfaction Survey measures occupant satisfaction with the thermal, lighting, acoustical, and air quality aspects of the work environment. In addition to ratings of these ambient environmental features, occupants also rate their satisfaction with a number of functional and aesthetic features of the office environment as well as their satisfaction with specific kinds of workspaces (e.g., computer rooms, the lobby, employee lounge, etc.) Each section on ambient conditions includes questions on the frequency with which people experience particular kinds of discomforts or problems, how much the discomfort bothers them, and how much it interferes with their work. Occupants aremore » also asked to identify how they cope with discomfort or environmental problems, and to what extent these behaviors enable them to achieve more satisfactory conditions. Results of this survey of occupants of the four story Eugene Water Electric Boards (EWEB) main office building on the banks of the Wilamette River in Eugene, Oregon are the subject of this report.« less

The economics of race and eugenic sterilization in North Carolina: 1958-1968.

PubMed

Price, Gregory N; Darity, William A

2010-07-01

Theoretical justifications for state-sanctioned sterilization of individuals provided by Irving Fisher rationalized its racialization on grounds that certain non-white racial groups, particularly blacks due to their dysgenic biological and behavioral traits, retarded economic growth and should be bred out of existence. Fisher's rationale suggests that national or state level eugenic policies that sterilized the so-called biological and genetically unfit could have been racist in both design and effect by disproportionately targeting black Americans. We empirically explore this with data on eugenic sterilizations in the State of North Carolina between 1958 and 1968. Count data parameter estimates from a cross-county population allocation model of sterilization reveal that the probability of non-institutional and total sterilizations increased with a county's black population share-an effect not found for any other racial group in the population. Our results suggest that in North Carolina, eugenic sterilization policies were racially biased and genocidal. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Assessments and Viewpoints on the Biological and Human Health Effects of Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Electromagnetic Fields. Compilation of Commissioned Papers for the ELF Literature Review Project.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-05-01

Environ. Biophys. 20:53-65. 1983. Electric field effects on bacteria and yeast cells . Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 22 :149-162. Husing, J. 0., F. Strauss, and...Jr., Ph.D. 141 A Review of Cell Effects Induced by Exposure of Extremely Low 155 Frequency Electromagnetic Fields - Eugene M. Goodman, Ph.D. and Ben...and E. M. Goodman. 1983. Cell surface effects of 60 Hz electromagnetic fields. Radiat. Res. 94:217-220. artucci, G. I., P. C. Gailey, and R. A. Tell

R. A. Fisher: a faith fit for eugenics.

PubMed

Moore, James

2007-03-01

In discussions of 'religion-and-science', faith is usually emphasized more than works, scientists' beliefs more than their deeds. By reversing the priority, a lingering puzzle in the life of Ronald Aylmer Fisher (1890-1962), statistician, eugenicist and founder of the neo-Darwinian synthesis, can be solved. Scholars have struggled to find coherence in Fisher's simultaneous commitment to Darwinism, Anglican Christianity and eugenics. The problem is addressed by asking what practical mode of faith or faithful mode of practice lent unity to his life? Families, it is argued, with their myriad practical, emotional and intellectual challenges, rendered a mathematically-based eugenic Darwinian Christianity not just possible for Fisher, but vital.

Biotypology, Endocrinology, and Sterilization: The Practice of Eugenics in the Treatment of Argentinian Women during the 1930s

PubMed Central

ERASO, YOLANDA

2008-01-01

SUMMARY This article looks at medical approaches to women’s fertility in Argentina in the 1930s and explores the ways in which eugenics encouraged the reproduction of the fit and attempted to avoid the reproduction of the unfit. The analysis concentrates on three main aspects: biotypology (the scientific classification of bodies), endocrine therapy, and sterilization. The article concludes by suggesting that a eugenically oriented obstetrical and gynecological practice encouraged both endocrine treatments (to achieve the ideal fertile woman) and sterilization, which, in spite of being legally banned, found a subtle application. PMID:18084107

Confronting "hereditary" disease: eugenic attempts to eliminate tuberculosis in progressive era America.

PubMed

Wilson, Philip K

2006-01-01

Tuberculosis was clearly one of the most predominant diseases of the early twentieth century. At this time, Americans involved in the eugenics movement grew increasingly interested in methods to prevent this disease's potential hereditary spread. To do so, as this essay examines, eugenicists' attempted to shift the accepted view that tuberculosis arose from infection and contagion to a view of its heritable nature. The methods that they employed to better understand the propagation and control of tuberculosis are also discussed. Finally, the essay explores the interpretative analyses of data that the Eugenics Record Office used in an attempt to convince contemporaries of the hereditary transmission of tuberculosis.

[Eugen Bleuler and Carl Gustav Jung's habilitation].

PubMed

Wilhelm, H R

1996-01-01

Eugen Bleuler's letter of recommendation for Carl Gustav Jung's appointment as a lecturer In January 1905, Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939) wrote a letter of recommendation to the Medical Faculty of the University of Zurich, urging them to accept the application of Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) as a lecturer there. Bleuler's letter mentions the contribution to Jung's writing made by Franz Riklin (1878-1938), although he does not define it precisely. It is safe to say that, judging from the way in which Bleuler expresses his opinions in this letter, this may be regarded at the very least as an early sign of his receptiveness to the psychoanalytical ideas of the time.

Project Coast: eugenics in apartheid South Africa.

PubMed

Singh, Jerome Amir

2008-03-01

It is a decade since the exposure of Project Coast, apartheid South Africa's covert chemical and biological warfare program. In that time, attention has been focused on several aspects of the program, particularly the production of narcotics and poisons for use against anti-apartheid activists and the proliferation of both chemical and biological weapons. The eugenic dimension of Project Coast has, by contrast, received scant attention. It is time to revisit the testimony that brought the suggestion of eugenic motives to light, reflect on some of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's findings and search for lessons that can be taken from this troubled chapter in South Africa's history.

Commentary on Eugene and Kiyo's "Dialogue on Dialogic Pedagogy"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wegerif, Rupert

2014-01-01

This fascinating dialogue raised many questions. In this commentary I will focus on just three questions that particularly stimulated me to further reflection: "why classification?"; "what is ontology?" and "where does agency come from?" [This article provides a commentary on Eugene Matusov and Kiyotaka Miyazaki's…

Eugene Wigner - A Gedanken Pioneer of the Second Quantum Revolution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeilinger, Anton

2014-09-01

Eugene Wigner pointed out very interesting consequences of quantum physics in elegant gedanken experiments. As a result of technical progress, these gedanken experiments have become real experiments and contribute to the development of novel concepts in quantum information science, often called the second quantum revolution.

Living History: F. Eugene Yates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Urquhart, John

2009-01-01

In 2005, the American Physiological Society (APS) initiated the Living History of Physiology Archival Program to recognize senior members who have made significant contributions during their career to the advancement of the discipline and the profession of physiology. During 2008, the APS Cardiovascular Section selected Francis Eugene Yates to be…

Scalable Biomarker Discovery for Diverse High-Dimensional Phenotypes

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-11-23

bytes: Computational analysis methods for microbial communities," University of Oregon BioBE center seminar. Eugene, OR, 2013 35- "From microbial...analysis methods for microbial communities," University of Oregon BioBE center seminar. Eugene, OR, 2013 • "From microbial surveys to mechanisms of

77 FR 64349 - Notice of Availability of the Draft West Eugene Wetlands Resource Management Plan/Environmental...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-19

... . Email: BLM_OR_EU[email protected] . Fax: 541-683-6981. Mail: P.O. Box 10226, Eugene, Oregon 97440-2226..._OR_EU[email protected] . Persons who use a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD) may call the...

"The Bell Curve" and Carrie Buck: Eugenics Revisited.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, J. David

1995-01-01

The 1994 publication of "The Bell Curve" by R. Herrnstein and C. Murray is compared to other examples of eugenic principles, including the sterilization of "feebleminded" Carrie Buck, family degeneracy studies focusing on lower class Caucasian families, and other works that view the poorest and least educated members of society…

Eugene Jolas: A Poet of Multilingualism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelbert, Eugenia

2015-01-01

Eugene Jolas, the first-time publisher of James Joyce's Finnegans Wake (1939 / 2012), started his career as a translingual journalist and poet. A French-German bilingual, Jolas acquired English in adolescence, crossing the Atlantic to refashion himself as an American man of letters. A "Man from Babel," as he styles himself in his…

The Killing Thought in the Eugenic Era and Today: A Commentary on Hollander's Essay.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolfensberger, Wolf

1989-01-01

Two responses to Hollander (EC 220 057) and the author's counter-response note similarities between "mercy killing" of people with mental retardation and deliberate abortion of the unborn, misuse of the history of eugenics, and a defense of the author's historical scholarship. (DB)

The Legitimizing Function of Judicial Rhetoric in the Eugenics Controversy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hasian, Marouf, Jr.; Croasmun, Earl

1992-01-01

Investigates the possibility that judicial policymaking is responsive to the situational exigencies created in part through public discourse. Investigates the elite and public perspectives regarding the eugenics controversy in the 1920s to explore the emergent relationship between the public and technical spheres of argument. (SR)

Astronaut Eugene Cernan after suiting up for water egress training

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-04-09

S66-29485 (9 April 1966) --- Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan, prime crew pilot of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Gemini-9 spaceflight, stands on deck of the NASA Motor Vessel Retriever after suiting up for water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Photo credit: NASA

Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy--An Andragogical Pioneer

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Loeng, Svein

2013-01-01

Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy's work related to andragogy is insufficiently discussed in adult pedagogical literature, although most of his work deals with this field, if we employ his own definition of andragogy. This paper makes visible his role as an andragogical pioneer, and clarifies his understanding of andragogy and basic perspectives in his…

Education Policy and Biological Science: Genetics, Eugenics, and the College Textbook, c. 1908-1931.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Selden, Steven

1985-01-01

A revolution in genetics is occurring, but when looking ahead, we must not romanticize the past. The social history of genetics, and American education's association with eugenics, make it necessary that we understand that both education and science are informed by social attitudes. (MT)

Improving Time-Sharing Performance by Enhancing Voluntary Control on Processing Resources.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-02-01

University, Eugene, Technical Report, Field SE, AD A070 548, June 1979, 1-35. Hirst, W., Spelke, E.S., Reaves, CC., Caharack, G. & Neisser , U . Dividing...Technology, Tech. Report AFOSR-80-1, February 1980. - 88 - Neisser , U . Cognition and reality. San Francisco, Freeman, 1976. Norman, D.A. & Bobrow...Psychological Review, 1977, 84, 127-190. Spelke, E.S., Hirst, W.C. G Neisser , U . Skills of divided attention. Cognition, 1976, 4, 215-230. Sperling, G

Web of Science use in published research and review papers 1997-2017: a selective, dynamic, cross-domain, content-based analysis.

PubMed

Li, Kai; Rollins, Jason; Yan, Erjia

2018-01-01

Clarivate Analytics's Web of Science (WoS) is the world's leading scientific citation search and analytical information platform. It is used as both a research tool supporting a broad array of scientific tasks across diverse knowledge domains as well as a dataset for large-scale data-intensive studies. WoS has been used in thousands of published academic studies over the past 20 years. It is also the most enduring commercial legacy of Eugene Garfield. Despite the central position WoS holds in contemporary research, the quantitative impact of WoS has not been previously examined by rigorous scientific studies. To better understand how this key piece of Eugene Garfield's heritage has contributed to science, we investigated the ways in which WoS (and associated products and features) is mentioned in a sample of 19,478 English-language research and review papers published between 1997 and 2017, as indexed in WoS databases. We offered descriptive analyses of the distribution of the papers across countries, institutions and knowledge domains. We also used natural language processingtechniques to identify the verbs and nouns in the abstracts of these papers that are grammatically connected to WoS-related phrases. This is the first study to empirically investigate the documentation of the use of the WoS platform in published academic papers in both scientometric and linguistic terms.

Sterilization versus segregation: control of the 'feebleminded', 1900-1938.

PubMed

Radford, J P

1991-01-01

This paper presents a model designed to contextualize studies of the specialized custodial mental handicap institutions which evolved in Britain and North America during the early decades of this century. The frame of reference adopted is the eugenics movement, and particularly the debate over sterilization vs segregation as the preferred means of controlling the breeding of the 'unfit'. The rise of farm colonies is seen as epitomizing the expression of eugenic ideologies in the social and physical landscapes. The geographical manifestation of eugenically-driven policy is illustrated in a case study of the Langdon colony, an extension of the Royal Western Counties Institution at Starcross near Exeter, as it developed between 1931 and 1938.

[Eugenics and Discrimination in Colombia: the Role of Medicine and Psychiatry in Immigration Policy at the Beginning of the 20th Century].

PubMed

Moog, Jaime Carrizosa

2014-03-01

With the Theory of Evolution, eugenics had its beginnings during the last decades of the 19th century. Academics discussed the results obtained from their observations, and progressively had influence on the promulgation of laws and norms related to ethnic hygiene and improvement of race. Such principles were the fundamentals to order eugenic and discriminatory laws. Colombia was not outside that discussion and developed immigration laws congruent to that thinking during the first half of the 20th century. Copyright © 2014 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

'These pushful days': time and disability in the age of eugenics.

PubMed

Baynton, Douglas C

2011-01-01

At the turn of the twentieth century, social attitudes toward disability turned sharply negative. An international eugenics movement brought about restrictive immigration laws in the United States and other immigrant nations. One cause was the changing understanding of time, both historical and quotidian, that accompanied the advent of evolutionary theory and a competitive industrial economy. As analogies of competition became culturally ubiquitous, new words to talk about disability such as 'handicapped', 'retarded', 'abnormal', 'degenerate', and 'defective', came into everyday use, all of them explicitly or implicitly rooted in new ways of thinking about time. The intense fear of disability that characterised the eugenics movement grew, in good part, from this new and unsettling vision of time.

Eugenics: some lessons from the past.

PubMed

Galton, D J

2005-03-01

Eugenics was first debated by the ancient Greeks, particularly Plato and Aristotle, developed in the nineteenth century by Francis Galton and Charles Darwin, and then abused in the twentieth century by right-wing politicians. With the new methods of assisted conception combined with the use of genetic markers, all the old problems of eugenics have resurfaced. Gender selection, embryo selection, preimplantation genetic diagnosis of common disease, and gene replacement techniques (somatic cells) have added greatly to the power of the modern eugenicist. How are these procedures to be monitored and regulated? What is the role of the State compared with individual families for the implementation of the new methodologies? Some of these issues will be discussed.

77 FR 35366 - Albany-Eugene Transmission Line Rebuild Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-13

... Project AGENCY: Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), Department of Energy (DOE). ACTION: Notice of.../EIS-0457, March 2012). BPA has decided to rebuild a 32-mile section of the existing Albany-Eugene 115... EIS may be obtained by calling BPA's toll-free document request line, 1-800-622-4520. The ROD and EIS...

Conscious and Unconscious Intent in the Creative Process: A Letter from Eugene Ionesco.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coleman, Ingrid H.

1981-01-01

Introduces a letter written by Eugene Ionesco in answer to questions on the interpretation of his plays. In his letter Ionesco discusses the creative process as a blend of ideological and emotional motifs, seen, respectively, as the expression of the conscious and the unconscious (or subconscious) mind. (MES)

Chris Woodhead: A New Champion of Eugenic Theories

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chitty, Clyde

2009-01-01

Eugenic Theories are clearly alive and well in present-day society--or this is at least true of those theories relating to the passing on of abilities and talents from one generation to the next. This depressing thought was prompted by a reading of Chris Woodhead's latest book "A Desolation of Learning."

The Human Genome Project and Eugenics: Identifying the Impact on Individuals with Mental Retardation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuna, Jason

2001-01-01

This article explores the impact of the mapping work of the Human Genome Project on individuals with mental retardation and the negative effects of genetic testing. The potential to identify disabilities and the concept of eugenics are discussed, along with ethical issues surrounding potential genetic therapies. (Contains references.) (CR)

Concluding Commentary: Response to Eugene and Kiyo

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, E. Jayne

2014-01-01

At the risk of speaking on his behalf I could almost swear I heard Bakhtin laughing gleefully over my shoulder as I read this fascinating dialogue between Eugene and Kiyo. His reason for this might be partly inspired by the glaring misunderstandings both men reveal through their associated interplay with key pedagogical concepts. While polemic in…

75 FR 14461 - Notice of Inventory Completion: University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-25

... Museum of Anthropology professional staff in consultation with representatives of the Confederated Tribes... Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History/Oregon State Museum of Anthropology, Eugene, OR AGENCY... Museum of Natural and Cultural History/Oregon State Museum of Anthropology, Eugene, OR. The human remains...

What Was Wrong with Eugenics? Conflicting Narratives and Disputed Interpretations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paul, Diane B.

2014-01-01

Although it is often taken for granted that eugenics is odious, exactly what makes it so is far from obvious. The existence of considerable interpretative flexibility is evident in the disparate policy lessons for contemporary reproductive genetics (or "reprogenetics") that have been derived from essentially the same set of historical…

ASTRONAUT CERNAN, EUGENE A. - MISC. (WALK AWAY FROM PAD - GEMINI-TITAN (GT)-9 POSTPONED) - CAPE

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-05-17

S66-34559 (17 May 1966) --- Astronauts Thomas P. Stafford (left), command pilot, and Eugene A. Cernan, pilot, walk away from Pad 19 after the Gemini-9 mission was postponed. Failure of the Agena Target Vehicle to achieve orbit caused the postponement of the mission. Photo credit: NASA

Software for Preprocessing Data from Rocket-Engine Tests

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cheng, Chiu-Fu

2004-01-01

Three computer programs have been written to preprocess digitized outputs of sensors during rocket-engine tests at Stennis Space Center (SSC). The programs apply exclusively to the SSC E test-stand complex and utilize the SSC file format. The programs are the following: Engineering Units Generator (EUGEN) converts sensor-output-measurement data to engineering units. The inputs to EUGEN are raw binary test-data files, which include the voltage data, a list identifying the data channels, and time codes. EUGEN effects conversion by use of a file that contains calibration coefficients for each channel. QUICKLOOK enables immediate viewing of a few selected channels of data, in contradistinction to viewing only after post-test processing (which can take 30 minutes to several hours depending on the number of channels and other test parameters) of data from all channels. QUICKLOOK converts the selected data into a form in which they can be plotted in engineering units by use of Winplot (a free graphing program written by Rick Paris). EUPLOT provides a quick means for looking at data files generated by EUGEN without the necessity of relying on the PV-WAVE based plotting software.

The doers of good. Scandinavian historians revise the social history of eugenics(1997-2001).

PubMed

Zylberman, Patrick

2008-01-01

Late disclosure of the large scale of sterilization practices in the Nordic countries created an outburst of scandal: did these policies rely on coercion? To what extent? Who in the end was responsible? Sterilization practices targeted underprivileged people first. The mentally retarded and women were their first victims. Operations were very frequently determined by other people's manipulative or coercive influences. Should the blame be put on the Social-Democrats in power throughout the period (except in Finland and Estonia)? Apart from Denmark, perhaps, local physicians and local services, more than governments, seemed to have strongly supported sterilization practices. Teetotalers and feminists shared responsibilities. How can one explain that eugenics finally declined? Based on a sound application of the Hardy-Weinberg law, the science of the eugenicists was correct. Was it politics? But uncovering of the Nazi crimes had only a very small impact on eugenics. Some authors underline the fact that the Nordic scientific institutions were particularly suited to liberal values. Others point to the devastating effect on eugenics once hereditarist psychiatry fell from favor in the middle of the sixties.

Donor insemination: eugenic and feminist implications.

PubMed

Hanson, F A

2001-09-01

One concern regarding developments in genetics is that, when techniques such as genetic engineering become safe and affordable, people will use them for positive eugenics: to "improve" their offspring by enpowering them with exceptional qualities. Another is whether new reproductive technologies are being used to improve the condition of women or as the tools of a patriarchal system that appropriates female functions to itself and exploits women to further its own ends. Donor insemination is relevant to both of these issues. The degree to which people have used donor insemination in the past for positive eugenic purposes may give some insight into the likelihood of developing technologies being so used in the future. Donor insemination provides women with the opportunity to reproduce with only the most remote involvement of a man. To what degree do women take advantage of this to liberate themselves from male dominance? Through questionnaires and interviews, women who have used donor insemination disclosed their criteria for selecting sperm donors. The results are analyzed for the prevalence of positive eugenic criteria in the selection process and women's attitudes toward minimizing the male role in reproduction.

Software for Preprocessing Data From Rocket-Engine Tests

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cheng, Chiu-Fu

2003-01-01

Three computer programs have been written to preprocess digitized outputs of sensors during rocket-engine tests at Stennis Space Center (SSC). The programs apply exclusively to the SSC E test-stand complex and utilize the SSC file format. The programs are the following: (1) Engineering Units Generator (EUGEN) converts sensor-output-measurement data to engineering units. The inputs to EUGEN are raw binary test-data files, which include the voltage data, a list identifying the data channels, and time codes. EUGEN effects conversion by use of a file that contains calibration coefficients for each channel. (2) QUICKLOOK enables immediate viewing of a few selected channels of data, in contradistinction to viewing only after post-test processing (which can take 30 minutes to several hours depending on the number of channels and other test parameters) of data from all channels. QUICKLOOK converts the selected data into a form in which they can be plotted in engineering units by use of Winplot. (3) EUPLOT provides a quick means for looking at data files generated by EUGEN without the necessity of relying on the PVWAVE based plotting software.

Throwing the baby out with the bathwater: a critique of Sparrow's inclusive definition of the term 'in vitro eugenics'.

PubMed

Fujita, Misao; Yashiro, Yoshimi; Suzuki, Mika

2014-11-01

Sparrow highlights three potential applications of in vitro eugenics, that is, (a) research into the heredity of genetic disorders, (b) production of cell lines with specific genotypes, and (c) breeding better babies, and points to the need for researchers to discuss in advance the potential ethical problems that may emerge if the realization of this technology occurs in the near future. In this commentary, we pose a question for the sake of discussion. Is it, in fact, appropriate to label all three applications raised by Sparrow as eugenics? By doing so, an unnecessary level of concern might be borne among the public, and as a result, the sound development of this specialized technology would be affected. If the label of eugenics is to be applied to all three of these applications, then Sparrow must justify how he perceives (a) and (b) as not inherently different from (c). Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Eugenics, medical education, and the Public Health Service: Another perspective on the Tuskegee syphilis experiment.

PubMed

Lombardo, Paul A; Dorr, Gregory M

2006-01-01

The Public Health Service (PHS) Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Male Negro (1932-72) is the most infamous American example of medical research abuse. Commentary on the study has often focused on the reasons for its initiation and for its long duration. Racism, bureaucratic inertia, and the personal motivations of study personnel have been suggested as possible explanations. We develop another explanation by examining the educational and professional linkages shared by three key physicians who launched and directed the study. PHS surgeon general Hugh Cumming initiated Tuskegee, and assistant surgeons general Taliaferro Clark and Raymond A. Vonderlehr presided over the study during its first decade. All three had graduated from the medical school at the University of Virginia, a center of eugenics teaching, where students were trained to think about race as a key factor in both the etiology and the natural history of syphilis. Along with other senior officers in the PHS, they were publicly aligned with the eugenics movement. Tuskegee provided a vehicle for testing a eugenic hypothesis: that racial groups were differentially susceptible to infectious diseases.

Rafał Becker: psychiatrist, eugenist, Zionist.

PubMed

Marcinowski, Filip; Nasierowski, Tadeusz

2016-01-01

In the interwar period the eugenic ideas gained the status of a scientific theory and become attractive to a wide range of physicians. Among them were doctors of Jewish origin who perceived eugenics as a tool in the fight for biological rebirth of the Jewish nation. Polish-Jewish psychiatrist Raphael Becker (1891-1939?), the author of dozens of scientific papers, was the most famous eugenist among Jewish psychiatrists, not only in Poland but also in Europe. After graduation in medicine at the University in Zurich and training in the psychiatry clinic Burghölzli under the guidance of Eugen Bleuler, Rafał Becker became interested in the question of epidemiology of mental disorders among the Jews. In the interwar period, dealing with the statistics of mental disorders among Polish Jews, and directing a psychiatric hospital "Zofiówka" in Otwock, he significantly contributed to the development of medical care for the mentally ill Jews in Poland. Becker's scientific ideas were greatly influenced by the work of Alfred Adler and Ernst Kretschmer. The article presents the life and scientific achievements of Becker, with particular emphasis on his views on eugenics.

75 FR 58432 - Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, Portland, OR and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-24

... University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History, Eugene, OR, and U.S. Department of Defense, Army... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Park Service Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. Army Corps... History, Eugene, OR AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. ACTION: Notice. Notice is here given in...

The Hunt for Disability: The New Eugenics and the Normalization of School Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, Bernadette

2002-01-01

Examines issues of sameness, difference, equality, and democracy in present public school systems, focusing on the question of (dis)ability and implications of rethinking (dis)ability as an ontological issue before its inscription as an educational one concerning the politics of inclusion. The paper analyzes old and new discourses of eugenics as…

Hereditarian Ideas and Eugenic Ideals at the National Deaf-Mute College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ennis, William Thomas, III

2015-01-01

For the past two centuries deaf people in the United States have faced more or less intense skepticism about their marriages to each other, largely due to fears of inherited deafness. These fears, while always present, have waxed and waned over time, becoming most prominent during the eugenics era of the late nineteenth and early twentieth…

Eugenics and Education: A Note on the Origins of the Intelligence Testing Movement in England.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lowe, Roy

1980-01-01

Examines influence of Francis Galton and the Eugenics Education Society in the intelligence testing movement in England (early 1900s). For eugenicists, the central issue confronting society was the problem of racial deterioration. They responded with modification of the Binet-Simon tests and developed tests to examine the whole ability range.…

A Canadian paradox: Tommy Douglas and eugenics.

PubMed

Shevell, Michael

2012-01-01

Tommy Douglas is an icon of Canadian 20th Century political history and is considered by many as the "Father" of Medicare, a key component of our national identity. Throughout his career, he was associated at both the provincial and federal levels with progressive causes concerning disadvantaged populations. In his sociology Master's thesis written in the early 1930's, Douglas endorsed eugenic oriented solutions such as segregation and sterilization to address what was perceived to be an endemic and biologically determined problem. At first glance, this endorsement of eugenics appears to be paradoxical, but careful analysis revealed that this paradox has multiple roots in religion, political belief, historical exposure and our own desire to view our collective history in a favourable light.

The human genome project: an historical perspective for social workers.

PubMed

Saunders, Marlene

2011-01-01

Having mapped the human genome, the Human Genome Project maintains that certain genes can be linked to specific diseases and certain forms of human behavior. This breakthrough, it is hoped, will lead to the effective treatment, even the elimination of serious, debilitating illnesses for all groups of people. However, because the project conjures up memories of eugenics, the project raises concerns about its potential for identifying and linking diseases and social conditions (e.g., criminal behavior) to certain groups. This article places the Human Genome Project in historical context in terms of its resemblance to the eugenics movement in America and a period in social work history when the profession embraced eugenics and was guided by the movement's premises in its response to poor people.

The Human Genome Project and eugenic concerns.

PubMed Central

Garver, K. L.; Garver, B.

1994-01-01

The U.S. Human Genome project is the largest scientific project funded by the federal government since the Apollo Moon Project. The overall effect from this project should be of great benefit to humankind because it will provide a better understanding both of single gene defects and multifactorial or familial diseases such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis, and cancer. At first this will lead to more exact ways of screening and diagnosing genetic disease, and later it will lead, in many if not most instances, to specific genetic cures. However, in the past, in both the U.S. and German eugenic movements genetic information has been misused. Hopefully, by remembering and understanding the past injustices and inhumanity of negative eugenics, further misuse of scientific information can be avoided. PMID:8279465

Sterilization in Finland: from eugenics to contraception.

PubMed

Hemminki, E; Rasimus, A; Forssas, E

1997-12-01

The purpose of this paper was to describe the transition of sterilization in Finland from an eugenic tool to a contraceptive. Historical data were drawn from earlier reports in Finnish. Numbers of and reasons for sterilizations since 1950 were collected from nationwide sterilization statistics. Prevalence, characteristics of sterilized women, and women's satisfaction with sterilizations were studied from a 1994 nationwide survey (74% response rate). Logistic regression was used for adjustments. In the first half of the 20th century, eugenic ideology had influence in Finland as in other parts of Europe, and the 1935 and 1950 sterilization laws had an eugenic spirit. Regardless of this, the numbers of eugenic sterilizations remained low, and in practice, family planning was the main reason for sterilization. Nonetheless, prior to 1970 not all sterilizations were freely chosen, because sterilizations were sometimes used as a precondition for abortion. Female sterilizations showed remarkable fluctuation over time. Male sterilizations have been rare. The reasons stipulated by the law did not explain the numbers of sterilizations. In a 1994 survey, 9% of Finnish women reported they were using sterilization as their current contraceptive method (n = 189). Compared to women using other contraceptive methods, sterilized women were older, had had more births and pregnancies, and came from lower social classes. Sterilized women were satisfied with their sterilization, but there were women (8.5%) who regretted it. In conclusion, sterilizations have been and are likely to continue to be an important family planning method in Finland. The extreme gender ratio suggests a need for promoting male sterilizations, and women's expressed regrets suggest consideration of a higher age limit.

Reflections on Mental Retardation and Eugenics, Old and New: Mensa and the Human Genome Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, J. David

1994-01-01

This article addresses the moral and ethical issues of mental retardation and a continuing legacy of belief in eugenics. It discusses the involuntary sterilization of Carrie Buck in 1927, support for legalized killing of subnormal infants by 47% of respondents to a Mensa survey, and implications of the Human Genome Project for the field of mental…

Last Interview with W. Eugene Smith on the Photo Essay.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kobre, Ken

An interview with W. Eugene Smith, well-known photographer and photographic essayist, is presented in this paper. The introductory section of the paper contains a biographical sketch of Smith and a discussion of his photographic essays on a number of topics, including World War II scenes, life in a Spanish village, the work of a black midwife in…

Astronaut Eugene Cernan sleeping aboard Apollo 17 spacecraft

NASA Image and Video Library

1972-12-17

AS17-162-24049 (7-19 Dec. 1972) --- A fellow crewman took this picture of astronaut Eugene A. Cernan dozing aboard the Apollo 17 spacecraft during the final lunar landing mission in NASA's Apollo program. Also, aboard Apollo 17 were astronaut Ronald E. Evans, command module pilot, and scientist-astronaut Harrison H. "Jack" Schmitt, lunar module pilot. Cernan was the mission commander.

Preserving Precious Instruments in Mathematics History: The Educational Museum of Teachers College and David Eugene Smith's Collection

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murray, Diane R.

2011-01-01

A history is given of the Educational Museum of Teachers College, which began in 1886, and David Eugene Smith's extensive collection of mathematical tools used in the Museum's exhibits is discussed. Historic mathematical instruments including, the astrolabe, abacus and counting rods, and the slide rule are examined. The author uses digitized…

The Eugenics Movement and Its Impact on Art Education in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunter-Doniger, Tracey

2017-01-01

This article argues that the eugenics movement has had three major influences on education in the United States, and reveals how these influences have had an impact on visual arts education in particular. The first influence began with a debate between John Dewey and David Snedden that resulted in a two-tiered tracking system that separated…

Software for Preprocessing Data From Rocket-Engine Tests

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cheng, Chiu-Fu

2002-01-01

Three computer programs have been written to preprocess digitized outputs of sensors during rocket-engine tests at Stennis Space Center (SSC). The programs apply exclusively to the SSC "E" test-stand complex and utilize the SSC file format. The programs are the following: 1) Engineering Units Generator (EUGEN) converts sensor-output-measurement data to engineering units. The inputs to EUGEN are raw binary test-data files, which include the voltage data, a list identifying the data channels, and time codes. EUGEN effects conversion by use of a file that contains calibration coefficients for each channel; 2) QUICKLOOK enables immediate viewing of a few selected channels of data, in contradistinction to viewing only after post test processing (which can take 30 minutes to several hours depending on the number of channels and other test parameters) of data from all channels. QUICKLOOK converts the selected data into a form in which they can be plotted in engineering units by use of Winplot (a free graphing program written by Rick Paris); and 3) EUPLOT provides a quick means for looking at data files generated by EUGEN without the necessity of relying on the PVWAVE based plotting software.

A hidden history: A survey of the teaching of eugenics in health, social care and pedagogical education and training courses in Europe.

PubMed

Atherton, H L; Steels, S L

2016-12-01

Knowledge and understanding of how eugenics has historically affected the lives of people with intellectual disabilities is vital if professionals are to mount an effective defence against its contemporary influences. An online survey of European providers of health, social care and pedagogical education and training courses was undertaken to find out how the history of eugenics is taught to those wishing to work in services for people with intellectual disabilities. Two hundred and six educational providers were contacted with a response rate of 35.9% (n = 74). Findings showed that the majority of educational providers recognize the importance of including the history of eugenics in their courses, although fewer feel confident that it is sufficiently well covered to prepare future professionals for their role as protector. Course content differs on both the emphasis given to the different components of this history, time dedicated to its delivery and the extent to which it is used to inform legal and ethical debate. Specific recommendations for developing the way in which this subject area is taught are outlined. © The Author(s) 2015.

"One of the Most Uniform Races of the Entire World": Creole Eugenics and the Myth of Chilean Racial Homogeneity.

PubMed

Walsh, Sarah

2015-11-01

This article illuminates why Nicolás Palacios's 1904 monograph, Raza chilena: Libro escrito por un Chileno i para los Chilenos [Chilean Race: A Book Written by a Chilean for Chileans], is central to the creation of a myth of Chilean racial homogeneity at the turn of the twentieth century. Placing Palacios in the context of Latin American eugenic discourse, it demonstrates how he selected a specific racial origin story in order to accommodate his belief in racial hierarchy while also depicting race mixing in a positive light. Specifically, the article highlights how the myth of Chilean racial homogeneity elided the difference between the term "mestizo," which was applied to people of mixed racial heritage, and "white." I contend that Palacios sought to differentiate Chileans from other Latin Americans by emphasizing their racial distinctiveness. The article therefore highlights that Latin American eugenics was concerned with the creation of national narratives that historicized particular racial mixtures in order to reify and affirm national differences. As such, it connects to literature regarding the history of eugenics, race, nation, and the creation of whiteness.

Efficient Aviation Security: Strengthening the Analytic Foundation for Making Air Transportation Security Decisions

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

Martin B. Zimmerman, “Market Incentives for Safe Commercial Airline Operation,” American Economic Review, Vol. 78, No. 5, 1988, pp. 913–935. Bosch...Modeling,” in Stuart Johnson, Martin C. Libicki, and Gregory F. Treverton, eds., New Challenges, New Tools for Defense Decisionmaking, Santa Monica, Calif...677–725. Persico, Nicola, and Petra E. Todd, “Passenger Profiling, Imperfect Screening, and Airport Security,” American Economic Review, Vol. 95

Arnold Gesell's progressive vision: child hygiene, socialism and eugenics.

PubMed

Harris, Ben

2011-08-01

In October 1913, The American Magazine published an article by Arnold Gesell that portrayed Alma, Wisconsin (his hometown) as overflowing with the mentally and morally unfit. In "The Village of a Thousand Souls", Gesell called for the observation and segregation of the unfit as a eugenic measure. This article explores the reasons behind this infamous article by someone who became a famous developmental psychologist and pediatrician. Gesell's papers at the Library of Congress reveal his socialist views of poverty, injustice, and human development. The archives of his father's photography studio at the Wisconsin Historical Society reveal his manipulation of the photographic record to fit his negative view of Alma. Typical of the era, Gesell's Progressive vision combined social control and negative eugenics with egalitarianism and the benevolent engineering of the environment.

The Eugene language for synthetic biology.

PubMed

Bilitchenko, Lesia; Liu, Adam; Densmore, Douglas

2011-01-01

Synthetic biological systems are currently created by an ad hoc, iterative process of design, simulation, and assembly. These systems would greatly benefit from the introduction of a more formalized and rigorous specification of the desired system components as well as constraints on their composition. In order to do so, the creation of robust and efficient design flows and tools is imperative. We present a human readable language (Eugene) which allows for both the specification of synthetic biological designs based on biological parts as well as providing a very expressive constraint system to drive the creation of composite devices from collection of parts. This chapter provides an overview of the language primitives as well as instructions on installation and use of Eugene v0.03b. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Astronaut Eugene Cernan drives the Lunar Roving Vehicle during first EVA

NASA Image and Video Library

1972-12-10

AS17-147-22527 (11 Dec. 1972) --- Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan, Apollo 17 mission commander, makes a short checkout of the Lunar Roving Vehicle during the early part of the first Apollo 17 extravehicular activity (EVA) at the Taurus-Littrow landing site. The Lunar Module is in the background. This photograph was taken by scientist-astronaut Harrison H. Schmitt, lunar module pilot.

A Hidden History: A Survey of the Teaching of Eugenics in Health, Social Care and Pedagogical Education and Training Courses in Europe

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Atherton, H. L.; Steels, S. L.

2016-01-01

Knowledge and understanding of how eugenics has historically affected the lives of people with intellectual disabilities is vital if professionals are to mount an effective defence against its contemporary influences. An online survey of European providers of health, social care and pedagogical education and training courses was undertaken to find…

A not-so-new eugenics. Harris and Savulescu on human enhancement.

PubMed

Sparrow, Robert

2011-01-01

John Harris and Julian Savulescu, leading figures in the "new' eugenics, argue that parents are morally obligated to use genetic and other technologies to enhance their children. But the argument they give leads to conclusions even more radical than they acknowledge. Ultimately, the world it would lead to is not all that different from that championed by eugenicists one hundred years ago.

A Paradigmatic Disagreement in "Dialogue on Dialogic Pedagogy" by Eugene Matusov and Kiyotaka Miyazaki

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marjanovic-Shane, Ana

2014-01-01

I read with a great pleasure the heated dialogue on Dialogic Pedagogy between Eugene Matusov and Kiyotaka Miyazaki. It provided me with one of those rare occasions where I could both witness, and also join, the workings of two minds as they struggled with and against each other to construct, de-construct, and reconstruct their visions of dialogic…

Bottleneck Analysis on the DoD Pre-Milestone B Acquisition Processes

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-01

Acquisition Processes Danielle Worger and Teresa Wu, Arizona State University Eugene Rex Jalao, Arizona State University and University of the...Danielle Worger and Teresa Wu, Arizona State University Eugene Rex Jalao, Arizona State University and University of the Philippines Christopher...Air Force Institute of Technology The RITE Approach to Agile Acquisition Timothy Boyce, Iva Sherman, and Nicholas Roussel Space and Naval Warfare

Novel Topic Impact on Authorship Attribution

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

sentences on a printed page. The work of Wilhelm Fucks in [7] attributed authorship based on the frequency distribution over word syllables. The most...Unitarian Review, vol. 30, pp. 452–460, 1888. [7] W. Fucks , "On Mathematical Analysis of Style," Biometrika, vol. 39, pp. 122–129, 1952. [8

[Transition in the midwifery profession. 25. The prewar birth control movement and the concept of eugenics].

PubMed

Obayashi, M

1987-08-01

The concept of eugenics played a significant role in the pre-war birth control movement. Some favored birth control from the standpoint of an individual's right to happiness, while others were against it from the standpoint of preservation of good stock for the nation. Yamamoto, Nobuharu (1889-1929), who translated Margaret Sanger's speech and her book in 1922, advocated birth control purely from a biologist's point of view. Birth control is necessary for the survival of strong healthy human beings capable of overcoming all the difficulties in their lives. Birth control is a form of natural selection consciously done to avoid overburdening and wasting individual lives. Nagai, Sen (1876-1957) was opposed to birth control from eugenicc' point of view. He became the 1st president of Japan Racial Hygiene Society in 1930 and founded Eugenics/Marriage Counseling Clinic in 1933. In his book on eugenics published in 1936 he stressed the importance of continuation of race by protecting good stock and eliminating poor stock by sterilization. Birth control was opposed because it will shorten the life of an ethnic group or a race. Furuya, Yoshio (1890-1974), also a racial hygiene major, supported population policies based on eugenics. He studied a trend in childbirth among women of different professions and geographical areas. Educated and cultured urban upper-middle class women showed a sudden decline in childbirth in their later years of marriage, suggesting the prevalence of birth control among them, while less educated low-income women continued to reproduce. He opposed to birth control but was in favor of sterilization for eliminating poor stock.

From political economy to sociology: Francis Galton and the social-scientific origins of eugenics.

PubMed

Renwick, Chris

2011-09-01

Having coined the word 'eugenics' and inspired leading biologists and statisticians of the early twentieth century, Francis Galton is often studied for his contributions to modern statistical biology. However, whilst documenting this part of his work, historians have frequently neglected crucial aspects of what motivated Galton to establish his eugenics research programme. Arguing that his work was shaped more by social than by biological science, this paper addresses these oversights by tracing the development of Galton's programme, from its roots in a debate about political economy to his appeals for it to be taken up by sociologists. In so doing, the paper not only returns Galton's ideas to their original context but also provides a reason to reflect on the place of the social sciences in history-of-science scholarship.

Sexological deliberation and social engineering: Albert Moll and the sterilisation debate in late imperial and Weimar Germany.

PubMed

Bryant, Thomas

2012-04-01

The physician and sexologist Albert Moll, from Berlin, was one of the main protagonists within the German discourse on the opportunities and dangers of social engineering, by eugenic interventions into human life in general, as well as into reproductive hygiene and healthcare policy in particular. One of the main sexological topics that were discussed intensively during the late-Wilhelminian German Reich and the Weimar Republic was the question of the legalisation of voluntary and compulsory sterilisations on the basis of medical, social, eugenic, economic or criminological indications. As is clear from Moll's conservative principles of medical ethics, and his conviction that the genetic knowledge required for eugenically indicated sterilisations was not yet sufficiently elaborated, he had doubts and worries about colleagues who were exceedingly zealous about these surgical sterilisations--especially Gustav Boeters from Saxony.

In memory of Eugene (Jenő) von Gothard: a pioneering nineteenth century Hungarian astrophysicist

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vincze, Ildikő J.; Jankovics, István

2012-07-01

Eugene von Gothard was a Hungarian engineer/scientist, instrument-maker and astrophysicist who founded the Herény Astrophysical Observatory in 1881 and carried out pioneering work in astronomical photography and spectroscopy. In this paper we provide biographical material about von Gothard and describe his observatory, before discussing his astronomical observations and the contribution that hemade to the early development of astrophysics.

Biological Determinism and the Narrative of Adjustment: The High School Biology Textbooks of Truman Jesse Moon, c. 1921-1963

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Selden, Steven

2007-01-01

While the mainline eugenics movement in early 20th century was closely associated with racism and the European Holocaust and was present in biology textbooks in the early 20th century, the following article finds that a transformed eugenics could be found the U.S. science curriculum by mid-century. The following article analyzes the content of 73…

Eugen Bleuler 150: Bleuler's reception of Freud.

PubMed

Dalzell, Thomas G

2007-12-01

On the 150th anniversary of Eugen Bleuler's birth, this article examines his reception of Sigmund Freud and his use of Freudian theory to understand the symptoms of schizophrenia. In addition, in contrast to earlier interpretations of Bleuler's relationship with Freud in terms of an eventual personal and theoretical incompatibility, the article demonstrates that, although Bleuler did distance himself from the psychoanalytic movement, he remained consistent in his views on Freud's theories.

Control of NORM at Eugene Island 341-A

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shuler, P.J.; Baudoin, D.A.; Weintritt, D.J.

1995-12-31

A field study at Eugene island 341-A, an offshore production platform in the Gulf of Mexico, was conducted to develop strategies for the cost-effective prevention of NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) deposits. The specific objectives of this study were to: (1) Determine the root cause for the NORM deposits at this facility, utilizing different diagnostic techniques. (2) Consider all engineering options that are designed to prevent NORM from forming. (3) Determine the most cost-effective engineering solution. An overall objective was to generalize the diagnostics and control methods developed for Eugene Island 341-A to other oil and gas production facilities, especiallymore » to platforms located in the Gulf of Mexico. This study determined that the NORM deposits found at Eugene Island 341-A stem from commingling incompatible produced waters at the surface. Wells completed in Sand Block A have a water containing a relatively high concentration of barium, while those formation brines in Sand Blocks B and C are high in sulfate. When these waters mix at the start of the fluid treatment facilities on the platform, barium sulfate forms. Radium that is present in the produced brines co-precipitates with the barium, thereby creating a radioactive barium sulfate scale deposit (NORM).« less

[Eugenics' extension in the Spanish health care system through the prenatal diagnosis].

PubMed

Rodríguez Martín, Esteban

2012-01-01

The wide implantation of strategies of sifted or prenatal selection close to laws that protect the destruction of the human life before the childbirth in the whole world, they are giving place to an increasing number of eugenic abortions. In Spain, the law 2/2010 of the sexual and reproductive health and voluntary interruption of pregnancy there has supposed the liberalization of the eugenic abortion without term limit. In we make concrete, the sanitary national and international policies of prenatal selection of Down's Syndrome, which they chase to facilitate the total or partial destruction before the childbirth of this human group, submitting it to a few particular conditions of existence during his prenatal life in those who will be an object of a series of technologies of selection, they might be qualified of genocidal policies if we consider the definition of genocide given by United Nations. In consequence, the sanitary agent who takes part without objection in the above mentioned programs promoted by the principal agents, meets turned into a necessary cooperator of the abortion who justifies itself in the supposition of "foetal risk". We can conclude that we are present at an eugenic drift of the prenatal diagnosis that is opposite to the ethical beginning of the medical profession.

Eugenic World Building and Disability: The Strange World of Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go.

PubMed

Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie

2017-06-01

A crucial challenge for critical disability studies is developing an argument for why disabled people should inhabit our democratic, shared public sphere. The ideological and material separation of citizens into worthy and unworthy based on physiological variations imagined as immutable differences is what I call eugenic world building. It is justified by the idea that social improvement and freedom of choice require eliminating devalued human traits in the interest of reducing human suffering, increasing life quality, and building a more desirable citizenry. In this essay, I outline the logic of inclusive and eugenic world building, define and explain the role of the "normate" in eugenic logic, and provide a critical disability studies reading of the 2005 novel Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro and its 2010 film adaptation. I argue that the ways of being in the world we think of as disabilities must be understood as the natural variations, abilities, and limitations inherent in human embodiment. When this happens, disability will be understood not as a problem to be eliminated but, rather, as a valid way of being in the world that must be accommodated through a sustaining and sustainable environment designed to afford access for a wide range of human variations.

Mercy killing without consent. Historical comments on a controversial issue.

PubMed

Lauter, H; Meyer, J E

1982-02-01

In recent discussions on euthanasia the question about mercy killing without consent of mentally ill persons has turned up, particularly in cases of hopeless suffering among senile or chronically insane patients. Possible analogies to the actions under the German Nazi-regimen and relations to the concept of Social Darwinism with suggestions about active eugenic control as propagated in the early part of this century are outlined in a historical review. The implications and obvious dangers of misuse of any such kind of active euthanasia in psychiatry are discussed on this background.

Photochemical Effects of Sunlight

PubMed Central

Daniels, Farrington

1972-01-01

The importance of sunlight in bringing about not only photosynthesis in plants, but also other photochemical effects, is reviewed. More effort should be devoted to photochemical storage of the sun's energy without the living plant. There is no theoretical reason to believe that such reactions are impossible. Ground rules for searching for suitable solar photochemical reactions are given, and a few attempts are described, but nothing successful has yet been found. Future possibilities are suggested. Photogalvanic cells which convert sunlight into electricity deserve further research. Eugene Rabinowitch has been an active pioneer in these fields. PMID:5037333

Photochemical effects of sunlight.

PubMed

Daniels, F

1972-07-01

The importance of sunlight in bringing about not only photosynthesis in plants, but also other photochemical effects, is reviewed. More effort should be devoted to photochemical storage of the sun's energy without the living plant. There is no theoretical reason to believe that such reactions are impossible. Ground rules for searching for suitable solar photochemical reactions are given, and a few attempts are described, but nothing successful has yet been found. Future possibilities are suggested. Photogalvanic cells which convert sunlight into electricity deserve further research. Eugene Rabinowitch has been an active pioneer in these fields.

Early evolution without a tree of life

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Life is a chemical reaction. Three major transitions in early evolution are considered without recourse to a tree of life. The origin of prokaryotes required a steady supply of energy and electrons, probably in the form of molecular hydrogen stemming from serpentinization. Microbial genome evolution is not a treelike process because of lateral gene transfer and the endosymbiotic origins of organelles. The lack of true intermediates in the prokaryote-to-eukaryote transition has a bioenergetic cause. This article was reviewed by Dan Graur, W. Ford Doolittle, Eugene V. Koonin and Christophe Malaterre. PMID:21714942

Medical scientists in the Nazi era.

PubMed

Bloch, Felicity

1986-02-15

Benno Müller-Hill's book on "genetic" science in Nazi Germany, Tödliche Wissenschaft (Hamburg: Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag; 1984), is reviewed. The work is divided into three parts: a detailed documentary record of genetic and eugenic activities in the Third Reich; the author's interpretation of Nazi racial ideology; and interviews with surviving researchers, technicians and assistants, and the relatives of dead scientists. Müller-Hill concludes that, despite their post-war claims of integrity, German scientists were willing collaborators with the political authorities, and that their work provided the intellectual and scientific underpinnings for Nazi racial policies.

State-of-the-Art Review on Composite Material Fatigue/Damage Tolerance.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-01

Automobile Structures," Plastic Rubber Material Application, Vol. 3, No. 2, May 1978. 148. Nguyen, D.T., Arora, J.S., and Belegundu, A.D., "Design...Vanthier, D., " Kunststoff -Verstaerkung MIT Kevlar 49," [Reinforcing Plastics With "Kevlar" 49], Plastverarbeiter, Vol. 31, No. 9, September 1980. 232

Sexological Deliberation and Social Engineering: Albert Moll and the Sterilisation Debate in Late Imperial and Weimar Germany

PubMed Central

Bryant, Thomas

2012-01-01

The physician and sexologist Albert Moll, from Berlin, was one of the main protagonists within the German discourse on the opportunities and dangers of social engineering, by eugenic interventions into human life in general, as well as into reproductive hygiene and healthcare policy in particular. One of the main sexological topics that were discussed intensively during the late-Wilhelminian German Reich and the Weimar Republic was the question of the legalisation of voluntary and compulsory sterilisations on the basis of medical, social, eugenic, economic or criminological indications. As is clear from Moll’s conservative principles of medical ethics, and his conviction that the genetic knowledge required for eugenically indicated sterilisations was not yet sufficiently elaborated, he had doubts and worries about colleagues who were exceedingly zealous about these surgical sterilisations – especially Gustav Boeters from Saxony. PMID:23002295

A THz plasmonics perfect absorber and Fabry-Perot cavity mechanism (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Jiangfeng; Bhattarai, Khagendra; Silva, Sinhara; Jeon, Jiyeon; Kim, Junoh; Lee, Sang Jun; Ku, Zahyun

2016-10-01

The plasmonic metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) is a recently developed branch of metamaterial which exhibits nearly unity absorption within certain frequency range.[1-6] The optically thin MPA possesses characteristic features of angular-independence, high Q-factor and strong field localization that have inspired a wide range of applications including electromagnetic wave absorption,[3, 7, 8] spatial[6] and spectral[5] modulation of light,[9] selective thermal emission,[9] thermal detecting[10] and refractive index sensing for gas[11] and liquid[12, 13] targets. In this work, we demonstrate a MPA working at terahertz (THz) regime and characterize it using an ultrafast THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). Our study reveal an ultra-thin Fabry-Perot cavity mechanism compared to the impedance matching mechanism widely adopted in previous study [1-6]. Our results also shows higher-order resonances when the cavities length increases. These higher order modes exhibits much larger Q-factor that can benefit potential sensing and imaging applications. [1] C. M. Watts, X. L. Liu, and W. J. Padilla, "Metamaterial Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers," Advanced Materials, vol. 24, pp. 98-120, Jun 19 2012. [2] M. Hedayati, F. Faupel, and M. Elbahri, "Review of Plasmonic Nanocomposite Metamaterial Absorber," Materials, vol. 7, pp. 1221-1248, 2014. [3] N. I. Landy, S. Sajuyigbe, J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla, "Perfect metamaterial absorber," Physical Review Letters, vol. 100, p. 207402, May 23 2008. [4] H. R. Seren, G. R. Keiser, L. Cao, J. Zhang, A. C. Strikwerda, K. Fan, et al., "Optically Modulated Multiband Terahertz Perfect Absorber," Advanced Optical Materials, vol. 2, pp. 1221-1226, 2014. [5] D. Shrekenhamer, J. Montoya, S. Krishna, and W. J. Padilla, "Four-Color Metamaterial Absorber THz Spatial Light Modulator," Advanced Optical Materials, vol. 1, pp. 905-909, 2013. [6] S. Savo, D. Shrekenhamer, and W. J. Padilla, "Liquid Crystal Metamaterial Absorber Spatial Light Modulator for THz Applications," Advanced Optical Materials, vol. 2, pp. 275-279, 2014. [7] H. Tao, N. I. Landy, C. M. Bingham, X. Zhang, R. D. Averitt, and W. J. Padilla, "A metamaterial absorber for the terahertz regime: Design, fabrication and characterization," Optics Express, vol. 16, pp. 7181-7188, May 12 2008. [8] J. Hao, J. Wang, X. Liu, W. J. Padilla, L. Zhou, and M. Qiu, "High performance optical absorber based on a plasmonic metamaterial," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 96, p. 251104, 2010. [9] X. Liu, T. Tyler, T. Starr, A. F. Starr, N. M. Jokerst, and W. J. Padilla, "Taming the Blackbody with Infrared Metamaterials as Selective Thermal Emitters," Physical Review Letters, vol. 107, p. 045901, 07/18/ 2011. [10] T. Maier and H. Brückl, "Wavelength-tunable microbolometers with metamaterial absorbers," Optics Letters, vol. 34, pp. 3012-3014, 2009/10/01 2009. [11] A. Tittl, P. Mai, R. Taubert, D. Dregely, N. Liu, and H. Giessen, "Palladium-Based Plasmonic Perfect Absorber in the Visible Wavelength Range and Its Application to Hydrogen Sensing," Nano Letters, vol. 11, pp. 4366-4369, 2011/10/12 2011. [12] N. Liu, M. Mesch, T. Weiss, M. Hentschel, and H. Giessen, "Infrared Perfect Absorber and Its Application As Plasmonic Sensor," Nano Letters, vol. 10, pp. 2342-2348, Jul 2010. [13] G. H. Li, X. S. Chen, O. P. Li, C. X. Shao, Y. Jiang, L. J. Huang, et al., "A novel plasmonic resonance sensor based on an infrared perfect absorber," Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, vol. 45, p. 205102, May 23 2012.

Obituary: Eugene Richard Tomer, 1932-2007

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dunkl, Charles F.

2009-01-01

Dr. Eugene R. Tomer passed away on 2 July 2007 at his home in San Francisco, California. The cause of death was cancer. Tomer was a consulting applied mathematician with a wide range of interests in dynamical astronomy, electromagnetic theory for use in communications, and computational methods of applied mathematics. He was a member of AAS, and the Society for Applied and Industrial Mathematics [SIAM]. With K. H. Prendergast, he co-wrote the influential paper "Self-consistent Models of Elliptical Galaxies," published in the Astronomical Journal 75 (1970), 674-679. This paper has been cited over eighty times. Tomer was born on 13 June 1932. He earned the Ph.D. in Mathematics at the University of California-Berkeley in 1978 (title of dissertation: On the C*-algebra of the Hermite Operator). In 1996 he and A. F. Peterson wrote "Meeting the Challenges Presented by Computational Electromagnetics," a publication of the Naval Postgraduate School at Monterey, California. This writer met Eugene at the 1992 Annual SIAM meeting in Los Angeles in connection with the Activity Group on Orthogonal Polynomials and Special Functions, which the writer chaired at the time. Eugene volunteered to edit the Newsletter of the group, which he did from July 1992 to July 1995. Thanks to his skills and efforts, the Newsletter became a carefully edited, professional publication. Eugene not only organized a Problems Column, attracting questions in pure and applied mathematics, but he also designed the logo for the group. He gave much time and effort to this service, in an era when copy had to be physically assembled and mailed to SIAM Headquarters. Eventually he felt he had done what he could for the Activity Group. He told me that he hoped the Group would get seriously involved with applications such as in astronomy, physics, and sciences that use special function solutions of differential equations. During Tomer's editorship, we communicated mostly by e-mail, our homes being far apart. He was a good friend to the Group and to me, as much as one can be over a separation of thousands of miles. As well, Eugene was an active amateur radio operator, much appreciated by his local amateur radio community, with call sign WI6X. He left behind family, friends, and one son.

Officer Sabbaticals. Analysis of Extended Leave Options

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-01-01

Family Responsive Workplace ,” Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 23, 1997, pp. 289–313. Glass, J. L., and L. Riley, “Family Responsive Policies and...L., and S. B. Estes, “Job Changes Following Childbirth,” Work and Occupations, Vol. 23, No. 24, 1996, pp. 405–436. Glass, J., and S. B. Estes, “ The

Enabling Live Internet Broadcasting Using an Application Endpoint Architecture

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-05-09

students and staff members in the ESM project: Aditya Ganjam , Eugene Ng, Kunwadee Sripanidkulchai, and Jibin Zhan. Much of the work in Chapter 3 is...dissertation. Chapter 2 is joint work with fellow student Sanjay Rao. Chapter 3 is joint work with Aditya Ganjam , Eugene Ng, Sanjay Rao, Kunwadee...Networked Systems (PINS), August 2004. [16] Y. Chu, A. Ganjam , T. Ng, S. Rao, K. Sripanidkulchai, J. Zhan, and H. Zhang. Early Experi- ence with an

[Eugenics: morality or pragmatism].

PubMed

Gómez Fröde, Carina

2013-01-01

The subject of eugenics is as old as humanity itself, but since World War II it has been related almost automatically with the policies and practices implemented by the National Socialist regime. This happened despite the fact that these despicable practices were inspired by legislation in place in the United Sates since the 19th century and which, in some cases, were modified until the 1970's. Today, some state governments are still paying compensation to victims of these policies.

ASTRONAUT EUGENE A. CERNAN - MISC. - ELLINGTON AFB (EAFB), TX

NASA Image and Video Library

1963-06-10

S66-32677 (10 June 1966) --- The Gemini-9A prime crew, astronaut Thomas P. Stafford (left), command pilot, and Eugene A. Cernan (right), pilot, express their feelings about being home to their families, MSC officials, newsmen, and well-wishers gathered at Ellington Air Force Base to welcome the astronauts home. Astronaut Stafford and Cernan completed their three-day mission in space on June 6, 1966. At right is George M. Low, MSC Deputy Director. Photo credit: NASA

Employee Turnover and Absenteeism: A Future Research Agenda.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-08-01

AD-AI03 356 OREGON UNIV EUGENE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT AND--ETC F/6 5/9 EMPLOYEE TURNOVER AND ABSENTEEISM: A FUTURE RESEARCH AGENOA.(U) AUG B1...Managemen -. University of Oregon Eugene, Oregon 97403 8.2 023 Employee Turnover and Absenteeism: A Future Research Agenda Richard M. Steers Graduate...34 _ " A 4.-’l’- (endS’ub~lltle S TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED Employee Turnoverand Absenteeism: A Future .... Research Agenda. 𔄀

Diagnosis and prevention of norm at Eugene Island 341-A

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shuler, P.J.; Baudoin, D.A.; Weintritt, D.J.

1995-12-01

We conducted a field study at Eugene Island 341-A to develop guidelines for the cost-effective prevention of NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials). The specific objectives of this study are to: determine the root cause of the NORM problem at this facility, using a wide variety of diagnostic techniques. consider available engineering options to prevent NORM from forming. determine the most cost-effective engineering solution. An overall objective is to Generalize the results and diagnostic techniques developed for Eugene Island 341-A to other production facilities, especially in the Gulf of Mexico. This study shows that the NORM problem at Eugene Island 34more » 1-A stems from mixing incompatible produced waters at the surface. Wells completed in Sand Block A have a water with relatively high barium concentration, those in Sand Block B and C are high in sulfate, When these waters mix (starting in the production headers), barium sulfate forms. Radium that is present in the produced brines co-precipitates with the barium, thus creating a radioactive barium sulfate scale deposit (NORM). The barium sulfate (and hence NORM) can be prevented by improving the current scale inhibition program. Keys to an effective program are the continual, reliable injection of an appropriate scale inhibitor at an effective dosage, ahead of the point where scaling conditions begin.« less

Continuous Recording and Interobserver Agreement Algorithms Reported in the "Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis" (1995-2005)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mudford, Oliver C.; Taylor, Sarah Ann; Martin, Neil T.

2009-01-01

We reviewed all research articles in 10 recent volumes of the "Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA)": Vol. 28(3), 1995, through Vol. 38(2), 2005. Continuous recording was used in the majority (55%) of the 168 articles reporting data on free-operant human behaviors. Three methods for reporting interobserver agreement (exact agreement,…

Empirical Studies of Behavioural Patterns at the United Nations. Peace Research Reviews, Vol. VII, No. 4, May 1978 [And] Vol. VII, No. 5, May 1978.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newcombe, Alan G., Ed.; Newcombe, Hanna, Ed.

These volumes present the findings of four studies of behavioral patterns of delegates at the United Nations (UN). UN voting records, delegate questionnaires, and national, political, social, and geographic variables were analyzed. The first study, "Exploring Delegate Attitudes at the United Nations," reports delegates' reactions to…

Documentation and Analysis of the ’Miscellaneous’ Account Category within the DoD Instruction 7220.29-H Depot Level Maintenance Cost Accounting System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-12-01

34MISCELLANEOUS" ACCOUNT CATEGORY WITHIN THE DOD INSTRUCTION 7220.29-H DEPOT LEVEL MAINTENANCE COST ACCOUNTING SYSTEM by a. Steven Eugene Lehr CDecember 1984...PERFORMING ONG. REPORT NUMBER Maintenance Cost Accounting System 7. AUTHOR(&) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(@) Steven Eugene Lehr 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION...Availability Codes IS. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse *ids It necessary and Identify by block number) Dvi Special Uniform Cost Accounting System DoD

Nursing, obedience, and complicity with eugenics: a contextual interpretation of nursing morality at the turn of the twentieth century

PubMed Central

Berghs, M; de Casterlé, B Dierckx; Gastmans, C

2006-01-01

This paper uses Margaret Urban Walker's “expressive collaborative” method of moral inquiry to examine and illustrate the morality of nurses in Great Britain from around 1860 to 1915, as well as nursing complicity in one of the first eugenic policies. The authors aim to focus on how context shapes and limits morality and agency in nurses and contributes to a better understanding of debates in nursing ethics both in the past and present. PMID:16446419

[Twenty-five years of screening eugenics in Spain].

PubMed

Mérida Donoso, Salvador

2012-01-01

Over the past 25 years, the incidence of newborns with congenital defects in Spain has fallen by 56.7% primarily due to the practice of "fetal risk" abortion, after prenatal diagnosis. In some cases, such as people with Down syndrome, the strategy involves the removal of 80-90% of those affected in pregnancy. After presenting the techniques used today and statistical data, we will make a reflection about the ethical justification for prenatal diagnosis programs and practice of "eugenic" abortion.

Retraction notice to “Methylation of apoptosis related genes in the pathogenesis and prognosis of prostate cancer” [Cancer Lett. 242 (2) (2006) 222–230]. Makoto Suzuki, Hisayuki Shigematsu, Narayan Shivapurkar, Jyotsna Reddy, Kuniharu Miyajima, Takao Takahashi, Adi F. Gazdar, Eugene P. Frenke.

PubMed

2015-04-28

Available online <2nd December 2008>. This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the first author, who accepts responsibility. Following an internal review at the UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, evidence has been found of improper manipulation and duplication of Figure 1 in this article.

North American Multicenter Volumetric CT Study for Clinical Staging of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Feasibility and Logistics of Setting Up a Quantitative Imaging Study.

PubMed

Gill, Ritu R; Naidich, David P; Mitchell, Alan; Ginsberg, Michelle; Erasmus, Jeremy; Armato, Samuel G; Straus, Christopher; Katz, Sharyn; Patios, Demetrois; Richards, William G; Rusch, Valerie W

2016-08-01

Clinical tumor (T), node, and metastasis staging is based on a qualitative assessment of features defining T descriptors and has been found to be suboptimal for predicting the prognosis of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Previous work suggests that volumetric computed tomography (VolCT) is prognostic and, if found practical and reproducible, could improve clinical MPM classification. Six North American institutions electronically submitted clinical, pathologic, and imaging data on patients with stages I to IV MPM to an established multicenter database and biostatistical center. Two reference radiologists blinded to clinical data independently reviewed the scans; calculated clinical T, node, and metastasis stage by standard criteria; performed semiautomated tumor volume calculations using commercially available software; and submitted the findings to the biostatistical center. Study end points included the feasibility of a multi-institutional VolCT network, concordance of independent VolCT assessments, and association of VolCT with pathological T classification. Of 164 submitted cases, 129 were evaluated by both reference radiologists. Discordant clinical staging of most cases confirmed the inadequacy of current criteria. The overall correlation between VolCT estimates was good (Spearman correlation 0.822), but some were significantly discordant. Root cause analysis of the most discordant estimates identified four common sources of variability. Despite these limitations, median tumor volume estimates were similar within subgroups of cases representing each pathological T descriptor and increased monotonically for each reference radiologist with increasing pathological T status. The good correlation between VolCT estimates obtained for most cases reviewed by two independent radiologists and qualitative association of VolCT with pathological T status combine to encourage further study. The identified sources of user error will inform design of a follow-up prospective trial to more formally assess interobserver variability of VolCT and its potential contribution to clinical MPM staging. Copyright © 2016 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Eugenics and Falange through the journal Ser (1942-1957)].

PubMed

Rendon, Sara Navarro

2016-01-01

Biopolitics has played an important role in fascist totalitarianism and the-Francoist regime was no exception. From the and with ultimate goal or regulating the population, measures were implemented to increase, care for and indoctrinate the population. This present study analyses the selection and promotion measures of some populations and the marginalisation of others proposed the Spanish Falangist Movement's official publication in the field of medicine, the journal Ser, Revista Medico-Social by the National Delegation of Health of the Traditionalist Spanish Phalanx of the Committees of the National Syndicalist Offensivie (F.E.T y de las J. O. N. S. 1942-1957). In this respect, the analysis of eugenic ideas and practice defended therein become especially interesting, claiming that, through indoctrination and health development, the race would be improved both physically and mentally. From the systematic analysis of the journals's contenets it has been demonstrated that this was one of the instruments used by the dictatorial regime to reconfigure eugenics in accordance with Catholic morals and national syndicalist politics.

From species ethics to social concerns: Habermas's critique of "liberal eugenics" evaluated.

PubMed

Árnason, Vilhjálmur

2014-10-01

Three arguments of Habermas against "liberal eugenics" -- the arguments from consent, responsibility, and instrumentalization -- are critically evaluated and explicated in the light of his discourse ethics and social theory. It is argued that these arguments move partly at a too deep level and are in part too individualistic and psychological to sufficiently counter the liberal position that he sets out to criticize. This is also due to limitations that prevent discourse ethics from connecting effectively to the moral and political domains, e.g., through a discussion of justice. In spite of these weaknesses, Habermas's thesis is of major relevance and brings up neglected issues in the discussion about eugenic reproductive practices. This relevance has not been duly recognized in bioethics, largely because of the depth of his speculations of philosophical anthropology. It is argued that Habermas's notion of the colonization of the lifeworld could provide the analytical tool needed to build that bridge to the moral and political domain.

A high plasma: red blood cell transfusion ratio during liver transplantation is associated with decreased blood utilization.

PubMed

Pagano, M B; Metcalf, R A; Hess, J R; Reyes, J; Perkins, J D; Montenovo, M I

2018-04-01

During massive transfusion, the volume ratio of administered plasma (PL Vol) to red blood cell (RBC Vol) appears to be associated with reduced blood utilization and improved survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the optimal component ratio in the setting of liver transplantation. This is a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent liver transplantation and received at least 500 ml of red blood cells from January 2013 through December 2015. Kernel smoothing analysis determined the proper component ratios to evaluate were a ≥0·85:1 ratio (high) to a ≤0·85:1 ratio (low). Two groups, plasma volume to RBC volume (PL Vol/RBC Vol) and plasma contained in the platelet units added to the plasma calculation [PL + PLT (platelet)] Vol/RBC Vol, were used to evaluate the component ratios. A total of 188 patients were included in the analysis. In the PL Vol/RBC Vol evaluation, a low ratio revealed that 1238 ml (977-1653 ml) (P < 0·0001) and 1178 ml (747-1178) (P < 0·0001) of RBC were used in excess compared to the high ratio, in the univariable and multivariable analysis, respectively. In the PL +PLT Vol/RBC Vol evaluation, a low ratio used 734 ml (193-1275) (P = 0·008) and 886 ml (431-1340) (P < 0·0001) of RBC in excess when compared to high ratio in the univariable and multivariable analysis, respectively. In patients undergoing liver transplantation, the transfusion of plasma to RBC ratio ≥0·85 was associated with decreased need of RBC transfusions. © 2018 International Society of Blood Transfusion.

Eugene P. Wigner's Visionary Contributions to Generations-I through IV Fission Reactors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carré, Frank

2014-09-01

Among Europe's greatest scientists who fled to Britain and America in the 1930s, Eugene P. Wigner made instrumental advances in reactor physics, reactor design and technology, and spent nuclear fuel processing for both purposes of developing atomic weapons during world-war II and nuclear power afterwards. Wigner who had training in chemical engineering and self-education in physics first gained recognition for his remarkable articles and books on applications of Group theory to Quantum mechanics, Solid state physics and other topics that opened new branches of Physics.

Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference (38th) Held at Monterey, California on 15-18 October 1985. Program and Abstracts.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-10-18

al and CB- 8 PLASMA-SHEATH STRUCTURE FOR AN t GM ELECTRODE CONTACTING AN ISOTHERMAL CA-17 SYNCHROTRON STUDIES OF COLLISION PLASMA: I. FORMULATION AND...77, 817 (1982). 25 S.2’ CA CA-17 Synchrotron Studies of Collision Induced Absorp- tion and Emission in 12 and IC. D. C. LORENTS, AND R. L. SHARPLESS...Aiken June 1954 Gardner, Milton Eugene June 1937 Huber, Elsa Louise June 1954 Bowls, Noodford Eugene Nov. 1937 Maunsell. Charles Dudley Jan. 1955 Chapman

Piracy and Its Impact on the Economy

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

options to supplement lost income, including 4 Catherine Zara Raymond, “Piracy and Armed Robbery in the Malacca Strait: A Problem...Africa: The Piracy Hot Spot and Its Implications for Global Security,” Mediterranean Quarterly, vol. 20 no. 3 (Summer 2009): 100. 41 Catherine Zara ...43 Catherine Zara Raymond, “Piracy and Armed Robbery in the Malacca Strait: A Problem Solved?” Naval War College Review Vol. 62 No. 3 (Summer

Prognostic Health Management of DoD Assets

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

34Acoustic emission for monitoring the mechanical behaviour of natural fibre composites: a literature review," Composites Part A: Applied Science and...34Acoustic emission of debonding between fibre and matrix to evaluate local adhesion," Composites Science and Technology, vol. 63, pp. 2155-2162, 2003...classification in carbon fibre composites using acoustic emission: A comparison of three techniques," Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 68, pp. 424-430, 1

Potential impact of lava flows on regional water supplies: case study of central Oregon Cascades volcanism and the Willamette Valley, USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deligne, Natalia; Cashman, Katharine; Grant, Gordon; Jefferson, Anne

2013-04-01

Lava flows are often considered to be natural hazards with localized bimodal impact - they completely destroy everything in their path, but apart from the occasional forest fire, cause little or no damage outside their immediate footprint. However, in certain settings, lava flows can have surprising far reaching impacts with the potential to cause serious problems in distant urban areas. Here we present results from a study of the interaction between lava flows and surface water in the central Oregon Cascades, USA, where we find that lava flows in the High Cascades have the potential to cause considerable water shortages in Eugene, Oregon (Oregon's second largest metropolitan area) and the greater Willamette Valley (home to ~70% of Oregon's population). The High Cascades host a groundwater dominated hydrological regime with water residence times on the order of years. Due to the steady output of groundwater, rivers sourced in the High Cascades are a critical water resource for Oregon, particularly in August and September when it has not rained for several months. One such river, the McKenzie River, is the sole source of drinking water for Eugene, Oregon, and prior to the installation of dams in the 1960s accounted for ~40% of late summer river flow in the Willamette River in Portland, 445 river km downstream of the source of the McKenzie River. The McKenzie River has been dammed at least twice by lava flows during the Holocene; depending the time of year that these eruptions occurred, we project that available water would have decreased by 20% in present-day Eugene, Oregon, for days to weeks at a time. Given the importance of the McKenzie River and its location on the margin of an active volcanic area, we expect that future volcanic eruptions could likewise impact water supplies in Eugene and the greater Willamette Valley. As such, the urban center of Eugene, Oregon, and also the greater Willamette Valley, is vulnerable to the most benign of volcanic hazards, lava flows, located over 100 km away.

Eugen Bleuler's Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias (1911): A Centenary Appreciation and Reconsideration

PubMed Central

Moskowitz, Andrew; Heim, Gerhard

2011-01-01

On the 100th anniversary of the publication of Eugen Bleuler's Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias, his teachings on schizophrenia from that seminal book are reviewed and reassessed, and implications for the current revision of the category of schizophrenia, with its emphasis on psychotic symptoms, drawn. Bleuler's methods are contrasted with Kraepelin's, and 4 myths about his concept of schizophrenia addressed. We demonstrate that (1) Bleuler's concept of schizophrenia has close ties to historical and contemporary concepts of dissociation and as such the public interpretation of schizophrenia as split personality has some historical basis; (2) Bleuler's concept of loosening of associations does not refer narrowly to a disorder of thought but broadly to a core organically based psychological deficit which underlies the other symptoms of schizophrenia; (3) the “4 A's,” for association, affect, ambivalence, and autism, do not adequately summarize Bleuler's teachings on schizophrenia and marginalize the central role of splitting in his conception; and (4) Bleuler's ideas were more powerfully influenced by Pierre Janet, particularly with regard to his diagnostic category Psychasthenia, than by Sigmund Freud. We conclude that Bleuler's ideas on schizophrenia warrant reexamination in the light of current criticism of the emphasis on psychotic symptoms in the schizophrenia diagnosis and argue for the recognition of the dissociative roots of this most important psychiatric category. PMID:21505113

In vitro eugenics.

PubMed

Sparrow, Robert

2014-11-01

A series of recent scientific results suggest that, in the not-too-distant future, it will be possible to create viable human gametes from human stem cells. This paper discusses the potential of this technology to make possible what I call 'in vitro eugenics': the deliberate breeding of human beings in vitro by fusing sperm and egg derived from different stem-cell lines to create an embryo and then deriving new gametes from stem cells derived from that embryo. Repeated iterations of this process would allow scientists to proceed through multiple human generations in the laboratory. In vitro eugenics might be used to study the heredity of genetic disorders and to produce cell lines of a desired character for medical applications. More controversially, it might also function as a powerful technology of 'human enhancement' by allowing researchers to use all the techniques of selective breeding to produce individuals with a desired genotype. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Francis Galton: and eugenics today.

PubMed Central

Galton, D J; Galton, C J

1998-01-01

Eugenics can be defined as the use of science applied to the qualitative and quantitative improvement of the human genome. The subject was initiated by Francis Galton with considerable support from Charles Darwin in the latter half of the 19th century. Its scope has increased enormously since the recent revolution in molecular genetics. Genetic files can be easily obtained for individuals either antenatally or at birth; somatic gene therapy has been introduced for some rare inborn errors of metabolism; and gene manipulation of human germ-line cells will no doubt occur in the near future to generate organs for transplantation. The past history of eugenics has been appalling, with gross abuses in the USA between 1931 and 1945 when compulsory sterilization was practised; and in Germany between 1933 and 1945 when mass extermination and compulsory sterilization were performed. To prevent such abuses in the future statutory bodies, such as a genetics commission, should be established to provide guidance and rules of conduct for use of the new information and technologies as applied to the human genome. PMID:9602996

Screening for mental illness: the merger of eugenics and the drug industry.

PubMed

Sharav, Vera Hassner

2005-01-01

The implementation of a recommendation by the President's New Freedom Commission (NFC) to screen the entire United States population--children first--for presumed, undetected, mental illness is an ill-conceived policy destined for disastrous consequences. The "pseudoscientific" methods used to screen for mental and behavioral abnormalities are a legacy from the discredited ideology of eugenics. Both eugenics and psychiatry suffer from a common philosophical fallacy that undermines the validity of their theories and prescriptions. Both are wed to a faith-based ideological assumption that mental and behavioral manifestations are biologically determined, and are, therefore, ameliorated by biological interventions. NFC promoted the Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP) as a "model" medication treatment plan. The impact of TMAP is evident in the skyrocketing increase in psychotropic drug prescriptions for children and adults, and in the disproportionate expenditure for psychotropic drugs. The New Freedom Commission's screening for mental illness initiative is, therefore, but the first step toward prescribing drugs. The escalating expenditure for psychotropic drugs since TMAP leaves little doubt about who the beneficiaries of TMAP are. Screening for mental illness will increase their use.

Review of Geologic Data Sources for Coastal Sediment Budgets

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-02-01

significant elements of the overall sedimentary environment . Boundaries can, for example, be delineated by headlands, submarine canyons, inlets, stream...Doubleday, Garden City, NY. Biederman, E. W. 1962. "Distinction of Shoreline Environments in New Jersey," Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol 32, pp 181...234. Ingrim, R. L. 1965. " Facies Maps Based on the Megascopic Examination of Modvrn Sediments," Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol 35, No. 3, pp 61W

The United States’ National Interests in Central Asia

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-03-23

Street Journal, 16 September 1997. 49 Ibid. 50 McHugh , Jane; Elfers, Steve. “Showtime for Sergeants.” Army Times, Vol 59, Issue 17 (23 November...petroleum, coal, manganese,chrome cant deposits of gold some petroleum, coal, sulfur, gold, uranium, ore, nickel , cobalt, and rare earth metals; uranium...Management Review, April 1999. McHugh , Jane; Elfers, Steve. “Showtime for Sergeants.” Army Times, Vol 59, Issue 17 (23 November 1998. Mikhailov

Generating Textures for Arbitrary Surfaces Using Reaction-Diffusion

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

Review and Classification," Computer Aided Design, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 27-38 (January/February 1988). [ Hubel and Wiesel 79] Hubel , David H. and...columns found in mammals [ Hubel and Wiesel 791. Complex Patterns This section shows how we can generate more complex patterns using reaction-diffusion by... Torsten N. Wiesel , "Brain Mechanisms of Vision," Scientific American, Vol. 241, No. 3, pp. 150-162 (September 1979). [Hunding 90] Hunding, Axel, Stuart A

Deadly medicine.

PubMed

Bachrach, Susan

2007-01-01

This article discusses the methods the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum used to make an exhibition on the complex history of Nazi eugenics accessible to the museum's mass public and at the same time, provocative for special audiences consisting of professionals and students from the biomedical fields. Deadly Medicine: Creating the Master Race showed how both eugenics and related "euthanasia" programs in Nazi Germany helped pave the road to the Holocaust. The exhibition implicitly evoked the present-day appeal of biological explanations for human behavior and of new visions of human perfection. Educational programs used the exhibition as a springboard for discussions of bioethics and medical ethics.

Educational Research: A Three-Year Review (1968-70)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Derrick, T.

1973-01-01

Purpose of the selective survey is to review the 1968, 1969, and 1970 issues (Vols. 10.2 to 13.1 inclusive) of Educational Research, the official journal of the National Foundation for Educational Research in England and Wales. (Author/CB)

Research Program Peer Review: Purposes, Principles, Practices, Protocols

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-06-01

Statement 1994-95. Canberra: AGPS. Cook- Deegan , R.M. Merit Review for Federally Funded Science and Technology: A White Paper for the Council of the...18p. Craig -B, "SPE Peer-Review Critique", JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY, 1994, Vol 46, Iss 7, pp 563-563 Cram-DL Stebbins-M Eom-HS Ratto-N

[History of population problems and their impact on daily lives: an interview with Ms. Haruko Hashimoto, an experienced midwife at Mitaka-shi. Interview by N. Yamashita].

PubMed

Hashimoto, H

1981-03-01

A Japanese midwife offered firsthand information and personal observations concerning population problems from 1935 to the present time. In prewar Japan except for some upper class women birth control was not exercised among the ordinary public. At the beginning of World War II a woman who produced 12 children received an award. Birth control was not included in the curriculum for midwives at that time. Postwar baby boom reached its peak around 1948, when the government recognized the need and launched the Eugenic Protection Law. The Eugenic Protection Law was amended a year later and it approved of financial reasons for abortion. By 1952 eugenic counseling became a part of public health clinic duties, and abortion was legalized. 1,170,000 cases of abortion were performed in Japan around 1955. Since abortion is harmful for mothers, the government installed the program called "birth control instructor" as a part of amended eugenic protection law. A birth control instructor license was given to the trained midwives, public health nurses, and nurses. Not only the central government but also local governments allocated funds for the family planning campaign. Around 1965 during the accelerated economic growth the government tried to change its position on family planning to encourage births to supply labor for the growing industries. Japanese people continued to limit their family size voluntarily for a better standard of living. Maternal/child Health Law was passed in 1965, and qualified midwives and public health nurses advocated and instructed family planning at the time of expectant mothers' and newborns' regular visits.

Critical Review and Technology Assessments, 󈨟-󈨠

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-01

EUTELCIC ALLOY 3. Pages 406-409 890900 WATER SORPTION IN EPOXY THIN FILMS MCMASTER, M.G. UC, ,ERKELEY.CA) TRANSACTIONS. 89.22 SOANE, Di. ,EEEJHMT. Vol...NATION, 21 228-002 PENETRATION THROUGH PFA TUBING AND Vol. S, No. 2, Pags ANTISTATIC PFATUBING 22-28 THIS COLUMN FOCUSES ON A STUIDY OF PFA AND...ANTISTATIC WFA TURING (SUPPLIED BY GALnlEK CORPORATION. CHAS•K MN). THE A.NTISATIC PFA .MATERIAL USED HAS A SURFACE RESISTIVIrY OF lOTO THE ELEVENTH POWER -10

The Role of the Airmechanized Raid in Operational Maneuver

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-16

8217 Central Front. London: Jane’s, 1985. Liddell Hart, B.H. The Real War: 1914-1918. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., IS64. Lisov, Ivan . Airborne Troops of the...pp. 30-41. Canan - James. "Sorting Out the AirLand Partnership." Air Force Magazine, Vol. 71 (APR 1988), pp. 50-56. Chernyshov, Y. "A Tactical Airborne...Petersen, Phillip. "Soviet Air and Antlair Operations." Air University Review, Vol. 36 (MAR-APR 1985), pp. 36-54. Polykov, Ivan . "Anti-Helicopter

A Switchable Magnetic Low-Index Metamaterial for Use in a Dynamically Reconfigurable Beam-Scanning Lens Antenna with a Single Feed

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

reconfigurable volumetric metamaterial, since the control circuits cannot be simply hidden behind a ground plane, as for a reconfigurable metasurface or...dielectric metasurfaces ," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 1910-1920, Apr. 2012. [11] D.-H. Kwon and D. H. Werner...M. Sorolla, "Babinet principle applied to the design of metasurfaces and metamaterials," Physical Review Letters, vol. 93, no. 19, pp. 197401/1-4

Fabrication and Characterization of Three Dimensional Photonic Crystals Generated by Multibeam Interference Lithography

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

and J. A. Lewis, "Microperiodic structures - Direct writing of three-dimensional webs ," Nature, vol. 428, pp. 386-386, 2004. [9] M. Campbell, D. N...of Applied Physics Part 1-Regular Papers Brief Communications & Review Papers , vol. 44, pp. 6355-6367, 2005. [75] P. Cloetens, W. Ludwig, J... paper screen on the sample holder and marking the beam position. If the central beam is properly aligned, the spot on the screen remains at the

Optically Addressed Nanostructures for High Density Data Storage

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-10-14

beam to sub-wavelength resolutions. X. Refereed Journal Publications I. M. D. Stenner , D. J. Gauthier, and M. A. Neifeld, "The speed of information in a...profiles for high-density optical data storage," Optics Communications, Vol.253, pp.56-69, 2005. 5. M. D. Stenner , D. J. Gauthier, and M. A. Neifeld, "Fast...causal information transmission in a medium with a slow group velocity," Physical Review Letters, Vol.94, February 2005. 6. M. D. Stenner , M. A

Mission Planning Systems for Tactical Aircraft (Pre-Flight and In- Flight) (Systemes de Planification des Missions pour Avions Tactiques (Avant Vol et en Vol)

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-05-01

aspects of planning air interdiction .apability other than reviewing the available maps, photographic missions (e.g., computing fuel and mission time litnes... photographs . FUR or radar pictures of the waypoinis and targets communications. thai allows the mission to be rehearsed. In-flight circumstances are...Planning Aircraft In Flight MPS Geographieal & Meteorological Terrain a Cultural Features Image Data (e.g., Photographic ) Weather Data a Update Data an

Choosing among possible persons: The ethics of prenatal selection in the postgenomic age.

PubMed

Mauron, Alex

2015-01-01

The "spectre of eugenics" is often raised about various current reproductive practices that imply a form of choice between future possible persons. Some of these practices are linked to genetic technologies such as pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, others merely entail the choice of a procreator having specific traits, such as in artificial insemination with donor. The weight and limits of this reproof of eugenics are examined, with special attention to the conceptual problems resulting from confusing choices involving virtual persons with the selection of existing persons. Copyright © 2015 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

A Gift or a Waste? Quintavalle, Surplus Embryos and the Abortion Act 1967.

PubMed

Cherkassky, Lisa

2017-07-01

The destruction of an embryo must be justified in law. This is to prevent frivolous wastage and to show the respect afforded by the Warnock Report (1984). For example, embryonic destruction during pregnancy is underpinned by the Abortion Act 1967, and embryonic destruction during fertility treatment is regulated by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. However, following the appeal decision in R (Quintavalle) v Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (and Secretary of State for Health) [2005] 2 A.C. 561, embryos can now be created for a bone marrow tissue match to a sick sibling under the Human Fertility and Embryology Act 1990 according to the subjective desires of the mother. This opens the door to the first example of embryonic destruction on unique social-eugenic grounds with no clear lawful justification. It is argued that these embryos should be afforded a unique destruction provision under an amended version of section 1(1)(a) of the Abortion Act 1967 in light of their 'social-eugenic' nature. This would protect the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority from accusations of undercover eugenic practices and reinstate the respect shown towards embryos in law.

Artificial hearts-recent progress: republication of the article published in the Japanese Journal of Artificial Organs.

PubMed

Nishida, Masahiro

2017-09-01

This review was created based on a translation of the Japanese review written in the Japanese Journal of Artificial Organs in 2015 (Vol.44, No. 3, pp.130-135), with some modifications regarding several references published in 2015 or later.

Contraception or eugenics? Sterilization and "mental retardation" in the 1970s and 1980s.

PubMed

Ladd-Taylor, Molly

2014-01-01

Nonconsensual sterilization is usually seen as the by-product of a classist and racist society; disability is ignored. This article examines the 1973 sterilization of two young black girls from Alabama and other precedent-setting court cases involving the sterilization of "mentally retarded" white women to make disability more central to the historical analysis of sterilization. It analyzes the concept of mental retardation and the appeal of a surgical solution to birth control, assesses judicial deliberations over the "right to choose" contraceptive sterilization when the capacity to consent is in doubt, and reflects on the shadow of eugenics that hung over the sterilization debate in the 1970s and 1980s.

Eugene Bleuler's four As.

PubMed

McNally, Kieran

2009-05-01

One hundred years have passed since Eugene Bleuler first coined the term schizophrenia. In that time, a simple mnemonic, the Four As, has come to distort his complex descriptive pathology. However, at no stage did Bleuler give precedence to the Four As or describe them in such a fashion. The Four As are a caricatured representation of Bleuler's schizophrenia that distorts the later conceptualization of schizophrenia. Despite historical attempts to signal this error, it remains virulent in the schizophrenia literature, masquerading as historical fact. This article corrects this distortion and clarifies the precise relationship of the Four As to Bleuler's thinking. It discusses their emergence and persistence, and draws attention to Bleuler's emphasis of other important symptoms--most notably splitting.

[Towards social eugenics. Ideology and bioethics in the construction of the social policy].

PubMed

Fernández Riquelme, Sergio

2009-01-01

The social eugenics is the real face of the biomedical application of an ideological paradigm, self-styled like "progressive", that claims the radical transformation of the western society from laicist and utilitarians positions. This article tries to decipher the historical roots, the bioethical language and the political - social implications of this paradigm, which questions the essential dignity of any human life in benefit of "new rights", constructed ex professo. For it, it exposes three analytical dimensions of his "historical possibilities" (retrospective, perspective and Forward studies), taking as an example the role of the social Policy, and especially, the doctrinal and institutional paradoxes of the "Welfare state" in Spain.

Highlights of our 4th Annual ATS Convention

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Breyer, Walter H.

The article gives the details of the ATS's Philadelphia convention, keynote by Dr. Elizabeth Griffin of Cambridge University, visits to Swarthmore College and the Sproul Observatory, talks by Robert Ariail, Guy McCann, Eugene Rudd, John Church, Christopher Ray, Mike Reynolds, Professor Wulff Heinz, Walter Yund IV, Paul O'Leary, Ray Harris, Ed Young, Glen Oclassen, Peter Abrahams, and Ron Maddison. The awards for best exhibits went to John Mutch Jr. and John Mutch III for their extensive Zeiss collection, and Dr. Eugene Rudd for his Cater Rand's Patent Military and Naval Telescope. Visits were made also to the Flower and Cook Observatory, Haverford College Observatory, Villanova College Observatory, and the Franklin Institute.

Experiments on the Biological Action of Neutrons Performed in the Former Soviet Union: A Historical Review

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-01

Exposed to x-rays and Fission Neutrons at Different Stages of Postnatal Development. Radio- biologia , 1982, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 76-81. 10. Bogatyrev A.V...Cyclotron U-120. Radio- biologia , vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 567-569, 1986. 17. Dokshina G.A., Naumenko L.A., Effect of Mixed Gamma-Neutron Radia- tion on...in Drosophila Spermatogenesis on Dose from Fast Neutrons. Radio- biologia , v. 2, no. 3, pp. 420-421, 1963. 4. Alexandrov I.D., Different RBE for Gene

Experiments on the Biological Actions of Neutrons Performed in the Former Soviet Union: A Historical Review

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-01

Radio- biologia , 1982, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 76-81. 10. Bogatyrev A.V., Timoshenko S.I., Lavrova G.A., Nikanorova N.G., Kalmykova G.I., Sverdlov A.G., On...Chernichenko V.A., Cytogenetic Effectiveness of the Therapeutic Fast Neutron Beam Emitted by Cyclotron U-120. Radio- biologia , vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 567-569, 1986...Dependence of Recessive Sex-Linked Lethal Mu- tations in Drosophila Spermatogenesis on Dose from Fast Neutrons. Radio- biologia , v. 2, no. 3, pp. 420-421

A Review and Evaluation of Integrated Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Models for Maritime Applications.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-11-01

Released by: WILLIAM M. TOLLES Dean of Research UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICAION OF THIS1 PAGE (Whim DO& 801090 I" READ UES7RUCTIONSREPORT... Stull , R.B., 1976: "The energetics of entrainment across a density interface", J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1260-1267. 5. Stage, S.A. and J.A. Businger, 1981: "A...Vol. 36, pp. 424-436. 1979. 17. Stull , Roland B., "The Energetics of Entrainment Across a Density Interface," J. AtUos. Sci., Vol. 33, pp. 1260-1267

Vision - night blindness

MedlinePlus

... walking through a dark room, such as a movie theater. These problems are often worse just after ... Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013:vol 3, chap 2. Review Date 8/20/2016 Updated by: Franklin W. ...

Avoiding genetic genocide: understanding good intentions and eugenics in the complex dialogue between the medical and disability communities.

PubMed

Miller, Paul Steven; Levine, Rebecca Leah

2013-02-01

The relationship between the medical and disability communities is complex and is influenced by historical, social, and cultural factors. Although clinicians, health-care researchers, and people with disabilities all work from the standpoint of the best interest of disabled individuals, the notion of what actually is "best" is often understood quite differently among these constituencies. Eugenics campaigns, legal restrictions on reproductive and other freedoms, and prenatal testing recommendations predicated on the lesser worth of persons with disabilities have all contributed toward the historic trauma experienced by the disability community, particularly with respect to medical genetics. One premise of personalized medicine is that different individuals require different solutions. Disabled persons' experiences are a reminder that these solutions can be best realized by maintaining awareness and sensitivity in a complex ethical and moral terrain. Geneticists should recognize that their research may have implications for those with disabilities; they should recognize the impact of the historical trauma of the eugenics movement, and seek to involve people with disabilities in discussions about policies that affect them. Dialogue can be messy and uncomfortable, but it is the only way to avoid the mistakes of the past and to ensure a more equitable, and healthful, future.

Beyond eugenics: the forgotten scandal of hybridizing humans and apes.

PubMed

Etkind, Alexander

2008-06-01

This paper examines the available evidence on one of the most radical ideas in the history of eugenics and utopianism. In the mid-1920s, the zoology professor Ilia Ivanov submitted to the Soviet government a project for hybridizing humans and apes by means of artificial insemination. He received substantial financing and organized expeditions to Africa to catch apes for his experiments. His project caused an international sensation. The American Association for the Advancement of Atheism announced its fund-raising campaign to support Ivanov's project but gave it a scandalously racist interpretation. Ivanov's own motivation remained unclear, as did the motivation of those in the Bolshevik government who supported Ivanov until his arrest in 1930. This paper discusses three hypothetical reasons for Ivanov's adventure: first, hybridization between humans and apes, should it be successful, would support the atheist propaganda of the Bolsheviks; second, regardless of the success of hybridization, Ivanov would catch and bring to Russia apes, which were necessary for the rejuvenation programs that were fashionable among the Bolshevik elite; and third, hybridization, should it be successful, would pave the way to the New Socialist Man whose 'construction by scientific means' was the official purpose of the Bolsheviks. Ivanov's ideas were arguably important for the American proponent of reform eugenics, Herman Muller, and for the Soviet anthropologist Boris Porshnev.

Avoiding genetic genocide: understanding good intentions and eugenics in the complex dialogue between the medical and disability communities

PubMed Central

Miller, Paul Steven; Levine, Rebecca Leah

2013-01-01

The relationship between the medical and disability communities is complex and is influenced by historical, social, and cultural factors. Although clinicians, health-care researchers, and people with disabilities all work from the standpoint of the best interest of disabled individuals, the notion of what actually is “best” is often understood quite differently among these constituencies. Eugenics campaigns, legal restrictions on reproductive and other freedoms, and prenatal testing recommendations predicated on the lesser worth of persons with disabilities have all contributed toward the historic trauma experienced by the disability community, particularly with respect to medical genetics. One premise of personalized medicine is that different individuals require different solutions. Disabled persons’ experiences are a reminder that these solutions can be best realized by maintaining awareness and sensitivity in a complex ethical and moral terrain. Geneticists should recognize that their research may have implications for those with disabilities; they should recognize the impact of the historical trauma of the eugenics movement, and seek to involve people with disabilities in discussions about policies that affect them. Dialogue can be messy and uncomfortable, but it is the only way to avoid the mistakes of the past and to ensure a more equitable, and healthful, future. PMID:22899092

OD in Schools: The State of the Art. Vol. II: Review of Research on OD. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fullan, Michael; And Others

The purpose of this document, the second of a five-volume series, was to analyze the various reviews of organizational development (OD) in general, and case studies of school districts in particular, in order to synthesize information about OD as it applies to schools. The review is organized into four main categories: (1) values, themes, and…

Science Books, Vol. 9, No. 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolff, Kathryn, Ed.

This quarterly publication contains reviews of trade books, textbooks, and reference works in the pure and applied sciences which are intended for students in the elementary and secondary schools and in the first two years of college. In addition, books on scientific topics intended for the general reader are reviewed, as are selected advanced and…

Science Books, Vol. 9, No. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolff, Kathryn, Ed.

This quarterly publication contains reviews of trade books, textbooks, and reference works in the pure and applied sciences which are intended for students in the elementary and secondary schools and in the first two years of college. In addition, books on scientific topics intended for the general reader are reviewed, as are selected advanced and…

Science Books, Vol. 10 No. 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolff, Kathryn, Ed.

This quarterly journal reviews trade books, textbooks, and reference works in the pure and applied sciences for students in elementary and secondary schools and in the first two years of college. Included are selected advanced and professional books useful for reference to students and teachers. Each book is reviewed and annotated by a qualified…

75 FR 41213 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Extension of a Currently Approved Information...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-15

... ACTION: 30-Day Notice of Information Collection for Review; Form I-333, Obligor Change of Address. The... following information collection request for review and clearance in accordance with the Paperwork Reduction..., 2010 Vol. 75 No. 86, 24720, allowing for a 60 day public comment period. ICE received one comment...

Appraisal, Children's Science Books, Vol. 10, No. 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holzheimer, Diane, Ed.

This bibliography is published three times a year by the Children's Science Book Review Committee. The bibliographic reference for each book includes bibliographic information plus the name of the illustrator or type of illustrations, the cost of the book, and the appropriate age level. Annotations for each reference are taken from reviews written…

[Franz Josef Kallmann (1897-1965) and the transfer of psychiatric-genetic scientific concepts from national socialist Germany to the U.S.A].

PubMed

Cottebrune, Anne

2009-01-01

The founding of the German Research Institute for Psychiatry and its Genealogic-Demographic Department (Genealogisch-Demographische Abteilung; GDA) in 1918 gave the world the first institutional platform for the field of psychiatric genetics. The years between the two World Wars saw the GDA grow in importance with much international respect. The close collaboration between the GDA's protagonist Ernst Rüdin and the National Socialist regime was certainly not an inhibiting factor for the worldwide recognition of the eugenic research conducted in Munich. Around the mid-1930s, the German psychiatrist émigré Franz Josef Kallmann brought the field of study which had been put into practice in Munich to the United States. He fought an uphill battle to be accepted by the North American scientific community, but finally he was able to establish himself as the main researcher in the field of psychiatric genetics. Interestingly enough, the fact that his kind of research had been heavily supported by the National Socialist regime was not a barrier to his acceptance. The fact that it took him a long time to establish the field of eugenics in the U.S.A. is better explained by the psychoanalytic research methods at the time, which gave hereditary transmission short shrift. At the New York State Psychiatric Institute he was able to continue his research, including the examination of race-hygienic motifs, where he designed a research program that was directly based on concepts and methods from Ernst Rüdin's team of researchers in Munich. The only deviation from the original research was in terms of the use of eugenic prophylaxis where he aligned his research in the context of North American democracy in the post-war era. However, the eugenic goal of elimination of certain categories of peoples remained unchanged.

Bleuler and the neurobiology of schizophrenia.

PubMed

Heckers, Stephan

2011-11-01

Schizophrenia remains a major challenge for psychiatry. One hundred years after the publication of Eugen Bleuler's monograph, we are still debating the nosology and mechanisms of schizophrenia. We have stalled in the development of more effective treatments, after success with the introduction of antipsychotic medication. Cure and prevention remain in the distance. This article reviews the importance of Bleuler's monograph for the neuroscientific exploration of schizophrenia. While Bleuler assumed that schizophrenia has a neural basis, he remained agnostic on possible mechanisms and skeptical about the value of pathological diagnosis. He preferred psychological understanding over neural explanation. He gave hope by making schizophrenia dimensional and less predictive of course and outcome. To make progress now, we need to redefine schizophrenia at the level of the brain.

Bleuler and the Neurobiology of Schizophrenia

PubMed Central

Heckers, Stephan

2011-01-01

Schizophrenia remains a major challenge for psychiatry. One hundred years after the publication of Eugen Bleuler’s monograph, we are still debating the nosology and mechanisms of schizophrenia. We have stalled in the development of more effective treatments, after success with the introduction of antipsychotic medication. Cure and prevention remain in the distance. This article reviews the importance of Bleuler’s monograph for the neuroscientific exploration of schizophrenia. While Bleuler assumed that schizophrenia has a neural basis, he remained agnostic on possible mechanisms and skeptical about the value of pathological diagnosis. He preferred psychological understanding over neural explanation. He gave hope by making schizophrenia dimensional and less predictive of course and outcome. To make progress now, we need to redefine schizophrenia at the level of the brain. PMID:21873614

Transportation

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

Ports. Logistics Today, Vol.46. Issue 9. 43. Maloni, Michael ., Jackson , Eric. (2005, Spring). North American Container Port Capacity: A...Literature Review. Transportation Journal, Spring 2005. 16-36. Maloni, Michael ., Jackson , Eric. (2005, Summer). North American Container Port Capacity: An

Impact of Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASIR) on radiation dose and image quality in aortic dissection studies: a qualitative and quantitative analysis.

PubMed

Cornfeld, Daniel; Israel, Gary; Detroy, Ezra; Bokhari, Jamal; Mojibian, Hamid

2011-03-01

The purpose of the study was to quantify the radiation dose reduction achieved when imaging the aorta using Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASIR) and to determine if this has an effect on image quality. We retrospectively reviewed 31 CT angiography examinations of the thoracic and abdominal aorta performed with ASIR and 32 consecutive similar examinations performed without ASIR. Volume CT dose index (CTDI(vol)), dose-length product (DLP), aortic enhancement at multiple levels, aorta-to-muscle contrast-to-noise ratio at multiple levels, and subjective image quality were compared between the two groups. The mean CTDI(vol) and DLP were significantly lower for the studies performed with ASIR versus studies without ASIR (15.6 vs 21.5 mGy, with an average difference of 5.8 mGy [95% CI 2.3-9.4 mGy] and 818 vs 1075 mGy × cm with an average difference of -257 mGy × cm [54-460 mGy × cm], respectively). Aortic enhancement, aortic signal-to-noise ratio, and aortic to muscle contrast-to-noise ratio were not different between the two groups. Subjectively, one reviewer preferred the non-ASIR images and one found the images equivalent. Both reviewers believed the images were of diagnostic quality. A 29% decrease in CTDI(vol) and a 20% decrease in DLP were obtained in scans with ASIR compared with scans without ASIR, without a quantitative loss of image quality.

Earthquake Hazards and Lifelines in the Interstate 5 Urban Corridor - Woodburn, Oregon, to Centralia, Washington

USGS Publications Warehouse

Barnett, E.A.; Weaver, C.S.; Meagher, K.L.; Haugerud, R.A.; Wang, Z.; Madin, I.P.; Wang, Y.; Wells, R.E.; Blakely, R.J.; Ballantyne, D.B.; Darienzo, M.

2009-01-01

The Interstate 5 highway (I-5) corridor, which stretches from Mexico to Canada, is both the main economic artery of the Pacific Northwest and home to the majority of Oregonians and Washingtonians. Accordingly, most regional utility and transportation systems have major components located within the I-5 corridor. For the purposes of this map, we refer to these essential systems as lifeline systems. The Pacific Northwest section of I-5, the I-5 urban corridor, extends from Eugene, Oregon, to the border of Canada. The population of this region is rapidly increasing with the bulk of growth and economic development centered in the cities of Eugene, Salem, and Portland, Oregon, and Olympia, Tacoma, Seattle, Everett, and Bellingham, Washington.

Earthquake Hazards and Lifelines in the Interstate 5 Urban Corridor - Cottage Grove to Woodburn, Oregon

USGS Publications Warehouse

Barnett, E.A.; Weaver, C.S.; Meagher, K.L.; Haugerud, R.A.; Wang, Z.; Madin, I.P.; Wang, Y.; Wells, R.E.; Blakely, R.J.; Ballantyne, D.B.; Darienzo, M.

2009-01-01

The Interstate 5 highway (I-5) corridor, which stretches from Mexico to Canada, is both the main economic artery of the Pacific Northwest and home to the majority of Oregonians and Washingtonians. Accordingly, most regional utility and transportation systems have major components located within the I-5 corridor. For the purposes of this map, we refer to these essential systems as lifeline systems. The Pacific Northwest section of I-5, the I-5 urban corridor, extends from Eugene, Oregon, to the border of Canada. The population of this region is rapidly increasing with the bulk of growth and economic development centered in the cities of Eugene, Salem, and Portland, Oregon, and Olympia, Tacoma, Seattle, Everett, and Bellingham, Washington.

"Our power to remodel civilization": the development of eugenic feminism in Alberta, 1909-1921.

PubMed

Gibbons, Sheila

2014-01-01

In addition to being a prominent political figure in equal rights legislation, Emily Murphy was a vital contributor to programs which sought to improve the human race through forced sterilization. These negative aspects of this period in feminist history tend to be described as outside of the women's sphere, representing instead the patriarchal realm of men. However, both eugenics and the first-wave feminist ambitions for equal political rights were connected through an agrarian construction of "mothers of the race." As "mothers of the race," women in Alberta were responsible for the physical and moral betterment of the nation, and were directly engaged in concepts of intelligent motherhood, healthy childhood, and an overarching moral philosophy that was politically driven.

Pelvimetry and the persistance of racial science in obstetrics.

PubMed

O'Brien, Elizabeth

2013-03-01

In the late nineteenth century, Mexican scientists became fixated on pelvic structure as an indicator of racial difference and hereditary worth. Forty years later, in his 1931 dissertation, medical student Gustavo Aldolfo Trangay proposed the implementation of a eugenic sterilization campaign in Mexico. He even reported performing clandestine sterilizations in public clinics, despite federal laws that prohibited doctors from doing so. Trangay reasoned that his patients were unfit for motherhood, and he claimed that their small pelvic cavities were a sign of biological inferiority. His focus on anatomical measurements--and especially pelvic measurements--was not novel in Mexico, but his work shows how doctors used nineteenth century racial science to rationalize eugenic sterilization. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparison and Analysis of Instruments Measuring Plane-of-Array Irradiance for One-Axis Tracking Systems: Preprint

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dooraghi, Michael R; Sengupta, Manajit; Vignola, Frank

A variety of sensors are studied on a one-axis tracking surface and a horizontal surface in Golden, Colorado, and Eugene, Oregon. This is the first year of a long-term study that will look at not only a comparison between the instruments but also the longer-term degradation in calibration and/or performance. Initially, results from each location will be analyzed, and then results will be compared and contrasted between the two locations. A quick comparison at Eugene indicates that reference solar cells seem to compare better against a secondary standard pyranometer on a one-axis tracker than photodiode-based pyranometers. More study is neededmore » to characterize and confirm this finding.« less

APOLLO 17 COMMANDER EUGENE CERNAN SPEAKS AT THE APOLLO/SATURN V CENTER RIBBON-CUTTING CEREMONY

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

Gemini and Apollo astronaut Eugene A. Cernan addresses the invited guests at the ribbon-cutting ceremony which officially opens the new Apollo/Saturn V Center, part of the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Center. Cernan was the last man to walk on the moon. The 100,000-square-foot facility includes two theaters, various exhibits and an Apollo- era Saturn V rocket, which formerly was on display outside the Vehicle Assembly Building and is one of only three moon rockets remaining in existence. The new center is located off the Kennedy Parkway at the Banana Creek launch viewing site.

Reusable space systems (Eugen Saenger Lecture, 1987)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fletcher, J. C.

1988-01-01

The history and current status of reusable launch vehicle (RLV) development are surveyed, with emphases on the contributions of Eugen Saenger and ongoing NASA projects. Topics addressed include the capabilities and achievements of the Space Shuttle, the need to maintain a fleet with both ELVs and RLVs to meet different mission requirements, the X-30 testbed aircraft for the National Aerospace Plane program, current design concepts for Shuttle II (a 1000-ton fully reusable two-stage rocket-powered spacecraft capable of carrying 11,000 kg to Space Station orbit), proposals for dual-fuel-propulsion SSTO RLVs, and the Space Station Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle and Orbital Transfer Vehicle. The importance of RLVs and of international cooperation in establishing the LEO infrastructure needed for planetary exploration missions is stressed.

In Pursuit of Commitment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Change, 1985

1985-01-01

A roundtable discussion of faculty commitment and revitalization was conducted by Russell Edgerton, president of the American Association for Higher Education, with Clara Lovett and R. Eugene Rice. (MLW)

Persuading Students To Care.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Jeffrey R.

2003-01-01

Describes how Eugene M. Lang, a philanthropist known for tackling large problems in education, is financing Project Pericles to encourage colleges to promote civic-mindedness among their students. (EV)

Faculty Workload Studies: Perspectives, Needs, and Future Directions. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report, Vol. 26, No. 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meyer, Katrina A.

This report reviews the literature and discusses issues concerning college faculty workload and productivity. Section 1 reviews the situation in the United States, noting increased interest in faculty workload issues as a result of population pressures, faltering economies, and the rising costs of higher education, especially of personnel. Section…

Connecting Classroom Practice and Research. A Review: Journal of Research in Childhood Education Vol.5, No.1, Fall/Winter 1990.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Silvern, Steven B.

1990-01-01

Reviews articles in the Journal of Research in Childhood Education, Volume 5, Number 1, 1990. Topics include young children's oral language; effects of realistic versus nonrealistic play; textbook choice; written response to stereotypical and nonstereotypical story starters; and computers and kindergarten language development. (DG)

Realization of Combined Diagnosis/Treatment System By Ultrasound Strain Measurement-Based Shear Modulus Reconstruction/Imaging Technique Examples With Application on The New Type Interstitial RF Electromagnetic Wave Thermal Therapy

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-10-25

Righetti, J. Ophir, and J. Hazle, “The feasibility of elastographic visualization of HIFU -induced thermal lesions in soft tissues,” Ultrasound in Med...Review article: High intensity focused ultrasound -potential for cancer treatment,” Br. J. Radiol., vol. 68, pp. 1296-1303, 1995. [17] Watkin NA, G...R.. Ter Haar, S. B. Morris, C. R. J. Woodhouse, “The urological applications of focused ultrasound surgery,” Br. J. Urol., vol. 75 (suppl. 1), pp

Thermal and Mechanical Non-equilibrium Effects on Turbulent Flows Fundamental Studies of Energy Exchanges Through Direct Numerical Simulations and Experiments

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-21

AFOSR-2012-0001, 2012. Chu, B., and Kovásznay, L . S . G ., “Non-linear Interactions in a Viscous Heat-Conducting Compressible Gas,” Journal of Fluid...229-247. Kovásznay, L . S . G ., “Turbulence in Supersonic Flow,” Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 20, No. 10, 1953, pp. 657-674, 682. Larsson...Interactions,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 32, 2000, pp. 309-345. Barre, S ., Alem, D., and Bonnet, J. P ., “Experimental Study of a Normal Shock

Appraisal, Children's Science Books, Vol. 10, No. 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holzheimer, Diane, Ed.

A variety of science books for children are reviewed and rated by a librarian and by a science specialist. In addition to usual bibliographic information, recommended age level for each book is given. (RH)

The role of the physician: Eugene Sanger and a standard of care at the Elmira prison camp.

PubMed

Waggoner, Jesse

2008-01-01

The conduct of American military physicians in prisoner of war (POW) camps has been called into question by the abuse scandals at Abu Ghraib and Guantánamo Bay. This essay explores the experiences of the first U.S. military physicians to confront POW patients in large numbers-events that occurred during the American Civil War. While POWs received sub-standard care in camps north and south, the war also saw the issuance of the first document to outline the rights of POWs. This ambivalence toward the proper care and treatment of the POW is evident in the career of Dr. Eugene Sanger, the first Union surgeon at the prison camp in Elmira, New York. Sanger demonstrated both concern about the sanitary condition of the camp and pride in the deaths of POWs as furthering the overall war aims. His cruelty attracted some censure, but Sanger never faced disciplinary action. He was honorably discharged and went on to become the Surgeon General of his home state. This article places his actions at Elmira in the context of medical ethics, Army orders, and Northern opinion in 1864, and it will argue that the lack of Federal response to Eugene Sanger's poor record while serving at the prison set a precedent for inferior medical care of POWs by American military physicians.

From eugenics to lysenkoism: the evolution of Stanisław Skowron.

PubMed

Dejong-Lambert, William

2009-01-01

This article describes the relationship between Polish geneticist Stanisław Skowron's views on eugenics during the interwar period, his experiences in Nazi concentration camps during World War II, and his response to Trofim D. Lysenko's ban on genetic research in Soviet-allied states after 1948. Skowron was educated at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow and received funding from the Rockefeller Foundation to study in the United States, Italy, Denmark, and Great Britain from 1924 to 1926. His exposure to research being conducted outside of Poland made him an important figure in Polish genetics. During this time Skowron also began to believe that an understanding of biological principles of heredity could play an important role in improving Polish society and became a supporter of eugenics. In 1939 he was arrested along with other faculty members at the Jagiellonian and sent to Sachsenhausen and Dachau. In 1947 he published the first book updating Polish biologists on recent developments in genetics; however, after learning of the outcome of the 1948 session of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Moscow, Skowron emerged as on of the most vocal advocates for Michurinism. I argue that Skowron's conversion to Lysenkoism was motivated by more than fear or opportunism, and is better understood as the product of his need to rationalize his own support for a theory he could not possibly have believed was correct.

[Eugenic abortion could explain the lower infant mortality in Cuba compared to that in Chile].

PubMed

Donoso S, Enrique; Carvajal C, Jorge A

2012-08-01

Cuba and Chile have the lower infant mortality rates of Latin America. Infant mortality rate in Cuba is similar to that of developed countries. Chilean infant mortality rate is slightly higher than that of Cuba. To investigate if the lower infant mortality rate in Cuba, compared to Chile, could be explained by eugenic abortion, considering that abortion is legal in Cuba but not in Chile. We compared total and congenital abnormalities related infant mortality in Cuba and Chile during 2008, based on vital statistics of both countries. In 2008, infant mortality rates in Chile were significantly higher than those of Cuba (7.8 vs. 4.7 per 1,000 live born respectively, odds ratio (OR) 1.67; 95% confidence intervals (Cl) 1.52-1.83). Congenital abnormalities accounted for 33.8 and 19.2% of infant deaths in Chile and Cuba, respectively. Discarding infant deaths related to congenital abnormalities, infant mortality rate continued to be higher in Chile than in Cuba (5.19 vs. 3.82 per 1000 live born respectively, OR 1.36; 95%CI 1.221.52). Considering that antenatal diagnosis is widely available in both countries, but abortion is legal in Cuba but not in Chile, we conclude that eugenic abortion may partially explain the lower infant mortality rate observed in Cuba compared to that observed in Chile.

Ernst Rüdin’s Unpublished 1922-1925 Study “Inheritance of Manic-Depressive Insanity”: Genetic Research Findings Subordinated to Eugenic Ideology

PubMed Central

Kösters, Gundula; Steinberg, Holger; Kirkby, Kenneth Clifford; Himmerich, Hubertus

2015-01-01

In the early 20th century, there were few therapeutic options for mental illness and asylum numbers were rising. This pessimistic outlook favoured the rise of the eugenics movement. Heredity was assumed to be the principal cause of mental illness. Politicians, scientists and clinicians in North America and Europe called for compulsory sterilisation of the mentally ill. Psychiatric genetic research aimed to prove a Mendelian mode of inheritance as a scientific justification for these measures. Ernst Rüdin’s seminal 1916 epidemiological study on inheritance of dementia praecox featured large, systematically ascertained samples and statistical analyses. Rüdin’s 1922–1925 study on the inheritance of “manic-depressive insanity” was completed in manuscript form, but never published. It failed to prove a pattern of Mendelian inheritance, counter to the tenets of eugenics of which Rüdin was a prominent proponent. It appears he withheld the study from publication, unable to reconcile this contradiction, thus subordinating his carefully derived scientific findings to his ideological preoccupations. Instead, Rüdin continued to promote prevention of assumed hereditary mental illnesses by prohibition of marriage or sterilisation and was influential in the introduction by the National Socialist regime of the 1933 “Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring” (Gesetz zur Verhütung erbkranken Nachwuchses). PMID:26544949

How a network of conservationists and population control activists created the contemporary US anti-immigration movement.

PubMed

Normandin, Sebastian; Valles, Sean A

2015-06-01

Continuing historical narratives of the early twentieth century nexus of conservationism, eugenics, and nativism (exemplified by Madison Grant), this paper traces the history of the contemporary US anti-immigration movement's roots in environmentalism and global population control activism, through an exploration of the thoughts and activities of the activist, John Tanton, who has been called "the most influential unknown man in America." We explore the "neo-Malthusian" ideas that sparked a seminal moment for population control advocacy in the late 1960s and early 1970s, leading to the creation of Zero Population Growth (ZPG). After rising to the presidency of ZPG, Tanton, and ZPG spun off the Federation for American Immigration Reform. After leaving ZPG's leadership, Tanton created additional anti-immigration advocacy groups and built up connections with existing organizations such as the Pioneer Fund. We trace Tanton's increasingly radical conservative network of anti-immigration advocates, conservationists, and population control activists to the present day. Tanton's archived papers illustrate, among other things, his interactions with collaborators such as ecologist Garrett Hardin (author of the famous "Tragedy of the Commons") and his documented interest in reviving eugenics. We contend that this history of Tanton's network provides key insights into understanding how there came to be an overlap between the ideologies and activist communities of immigration restrictionism, population control, conservationism and eugenics. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Nick Langle | NREL

Science.gov Websites

., Howard P. Hanson, Lynn Rauchenstein, James Van Zwieten, Desikan Bharathan, Donna Heimiller, Nicholas Langle, George N. Scott, James Potemra, N. John Nagurny, and Eugene Jansen. 2012. Ocean Thermal

IVHS Countermeasures for Rear-End Collision, Task 1 Vol. VI: Human Factors Studies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-02-15

This report is from the NHTSA sponsored program, "IVHS Countermeasures for Rear-End Collisions". This Volume, Volume VI, Human Factors," presents the results of the initial human factors literature review and study.

The feasibility of a regional CTDI{sub vol} to estimate organ dose from tube current modulated CT exams

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Khatonabadi, Maryam; Kim, Hyun J.; Lu, Peiyun

Purpose: In AAPM Task Group 204, the size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) was developed by providing size adjustment factors which are applied to the Computed Tomography (CT) standardized dose metric, CTDI{sub vol}. However, that work focused on fixed tube current scans and did not specifically address tube current modulation (TCM) scans, which are currently the majority of clinical scans performed. The purpose of this study was to extend the SSDE concept to account for TCM by investigating the feasibility of using anatomic and organ specific regions of scanner output to improve accuracy of dose estimates. Methods: Thirty-nine adult abdomen/pelvis and 32more » chest scans from clinically indicated CT exams acquired on a multidetector CT using TCM were obtained with Institutional Review Board approval for generating voxelized models. Along with image data, raw projection data were obtained to extract TCM functions for use in Monte Carlo simulations. Patient size was calculated using the effective diameter described in TG 204. In addition, the scanner-reported CTDI{sub vol} (CTDI{sub vol,global}) was obtained for each patient, which is based on the average tube current across the entire scan. For the abdomen/pelvis scans, liver, spleen, and kidneys were manually segmented from the patient datasets; for the chest scans, lungs and for female models only, glandular breast tissue were segmented. For each patient organ doses were estimated using Monte Carlo Methods. To investigate the utility of regional measures of scanner output, regional and organ anatomic boundaries were identified from image data and used to calculate regional and organ-specific average tube current values. From these regional and organ-specific averages, CTDI{sub vol} values, referred to as regional and organ-specific CTDI{sub vol}, were calculated for each patient. Using an approach similar to TG 204, all CTDI{sub vol} values were used to normalize simulated organ doses; and the ability of each normalized dose to correlate with patient size was investigated. Results: For all five organs, the correlations with patient size increased when organ doses were normalized by regional and organ-specific CTDI{sub vol} values. For example, when estimating dose to the liver, CTDI{sub vol,global} yielded a R{sup 2} value of 0.26, which improved to 0.77 and 0.86, when using the regional and organ-specific CTDI{sub vol} for abdomen and liver, respectively. For breast dose, the global CTDI{sub vol} yielded a R{sup 2} value of 0.08, which improved to 0.58 and 0.83, when using the regional and organ-specific CTDI{sub vol} for chest and breasts, respectively. The R{sup 2} values also increased once the thoracic models were separated for the analysis into females and males, indicating differences between genders in this region not explained by a simple measure of effective diameter. Conclusions: This work demonstrated the utility of regional and organ-specific CTDI{sub vol} as normalization factors when using TCM. It was demonstrated that CTDI{sub vol,global} is not an effective normalization factor in TCM exams where attenuation (and therefore tube current) varies considerably throughout the scan, such as abdomen/pelvis and even thorax. These exams can be more accurately assessed for dose using regional CTDI{sub vol} descriptors that account for local variations in scanner output present when TCM is employed.« less

Transportation planning performance measures : appendices.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-10-01

The article is the appendices for Transportation Planning Performance Measures. : Oregon transportation plans, including the statewide Oregon Transportation Plan, and current regional transportation plans for the Portland, Salem, Eugene, and Medford ...

What Do Children Know? Comparative Education Review. International Studies on Educational Achievement. Vol. 18, No. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Postlethwaite, T. Neville, Ed.

1974-01-01

This issue of the Comparative Education Review focuses on analysis of data gathered by 19 countries participating in a six-subject survey conducted by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). The purpose of this and earlier IEA research (a pilot study and a mathematics study undertaken on the basis of the…

Nursing, social contexts, and ideologies in the early United States birth control movement.

PubMed

Lagerwey, M D

1999-12-01

Using historical discourse analysis, this study provides a thematic analysis of writings of nursing and birth control as found in The Birth Control Review from 1917 to 1927. The author contrasts this publication with the official journal of the American Nurses Association, the American Journal of Nursing from the same years to explore nursing voices and silences in early birth control stories. In dialogue with social contexts, nursing endeavors and inactivity have played important yet conflicting roles in the birth control movement in the United States. Nursing writings from the early twentieth century reflect eugenic beliefs, national fears of immigrants, and ambivalence about women's roles in society and the home. Nurses simultaneously empowered women to choose when to become pregnant and reinforced nativist and paternalistic views of the poor.

Oak Ridge National Laboratory REVIEW, Vol. 25, Nos. 3 and 4, 1992

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krause, C.

1992-01-01

The titles in the table of contents from this journal are: Wartime Laboratory; High-flux Years; Accelerating Projects; Olympian Feats; Balancing Act; Responding to Social Needs; Energy Technologies; Diversity and Sharing; Global Outreach; Epilogue

Appraisal, Children's Science Books, Vol. 10, No. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holzheimer, Diane, Ed.

Eighty-four children's science books are rated and reviewed by children's librarians and science specialists. Price and age level are given for each book. Included is an essay on the need for making children's books interesting to children. (SL)

William Fowler and Elements in the Stars

Science.gov Websites

some of the most central issues in modern physics and cosmology: the formation of the chemical elements . Documents: Energy Levels of Light Nuclei. III; Review of Modern Physics, Vol 22, Issue 4:291-372; October

Assimilation and Cultural Pluralism in American Social Thought.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wacker, R. Fred

1979-01-01

Discusses the philosophies of assimilationist liberalism and cultural pluralism as they emerged between 1900 and 1925 in opposition to social Darwinism and the immigration restriction, eugenics, and Americanization movements. (GC)

Continuous recording and interobserver agreement algorithms reported in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (1995-2005).

PubMed

Mudford, Oliver C; Taylor, Sarah Ann; Martin, Neil T

2009-01-01

We reviewed all research articles in 10 recent volumes of the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA): Vol. 28(3), 1995, through Vol. 38(2), 2005. Continuous recording was used in the majority (55%) of the 168 articles reporting data on free-operant human behaviors. Three methods for reporting interobserver agreement (exact agreement, block-by-block agreement, and time-window analysis) were employed in more than 10 of the articles that reported continuous recording. Having identified these currently popular agreement computation algorithms, we explain them to assist researchers, software writers, and other consumers of JABA articles.

Transportation planning performance measures : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-10-01

Oregon transportation plans, including the statewide Oregon Transportation Plan, and current regional transportation plans for the Portland, Salem, Eugene, and Medford metropolitan areas, contain some policy areas that are not adequately addressed by...

NLC Newsletter

Science.gov Websites

November 2003 Vol. 4 No. 10 - 11 September 2003 Vol. 4 No. 9 August 2003 Vol.4 No. 8 July 2003 Vol.4 No. 7 Vol. 3 No. 9 August 2002 Vol. 3 No. 8 July 2002 Vol. 3 No. 7 June 2002 Vol. 3 No. 6 May 2002 Vol. 3 No . 2 No.10 August 2001 Vol. 2 No. 4 March 2001 Vol. 2 No. 3 February 2001 Vol. 2 No. 2 January 2001 Vol

Professor Eugen Cerkovnikov (1904-1985): the founder of the Chemical and Biochemical Institute of the Rijeka University School of Medicine.

PubMed

Milin, Cedomila

2008-01-01

Professor Eugen Cerkovnikov, PhD (Kamenska, Russia, 1904- Rijeka, Croatia 1985) graduated in chemical technology from the Faculty of Engineering in Zagreb in 1929. His first job was at the School of Medicine in Paris in 1930, and then he moved to Zagreb to the Department of Organic Chemistry of the Faculty of Engineering run by our Nobel Prize winner Vladimir Prelog (1935-1938). There he took his PhD degree with a dissertation on piperidine gamma derivatives. From 1938 to 1947 he was a research associate at an institute established by the pharmaceutical company Kastel (later Pliva). This is when he became a lecturer at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Zagreb and the first director of the Institute of Organic Chemistry, established in 1946/47. In 1948 he became reader, and in 1956 (full) professor. In 1957 he moved to the newly established School of Medicine in Rijeka, and set up the Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry. He ran the Institute until retirement in 1975. He was the second dean of the Rijeka University School of Medicine and a pioneer of quantum chemistry and medical cybernetics in undergraduate and (post)graduate courses. His scientific work consists of over 200 papers published at home and abroad, 60 professional papers, 20 book reviews, three works of translation, and 27 volumes of lecture notes. In 1958, professor Cerkovnikov established the Croatian Chemical Society and the Rijeka and Istria branches of the nation's Association of Chemists and Chemical Engineers, chairing them until 1974. In addition, he was one of the founding fathers, and the first chair of the Health Culture Studies Association in Rijeka (that preceded today's Croatian Scientific Society for the History of Health Culture), established in 1965.

Awareness of Societal Issues Among High School Biology Teachers Teaching Genetics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lazarowitz, Reuven; Bloch, Ilit

2005-12-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate how aware high school biology teachers are of societal issues (values, moral, ethic, and legal issues) while teaching genetics, genetics engineering, molecular genetics, human heredity, and evolution. The study includes a short historical review of World War II atrocities during the Holocaust when scientists from all the above-mentioned disciplines had been involved in trying to support and develop the eugenics theories. It investigates pre- and postwar theories of the eugenics movement in the United States which were implemented successfully in Germany and a literature survey of the studies of societal issues related to these subjects. The sample consisted of 30 male and female biology teachers. Enclosed are teachers' answers in favor or against including debates about societal issues in their classrooms while teaching the disciplines mentioned above. Teachers' answers were analyzed in relation to three variables: years of teaching experience, gender, and religion faith. Data were collected from questionnaires and personal interviews and analyzed according to qualitative and quantitative methods. The results show that amongst the teachers there is a medium to low level of awareness of societal issues, while mainly emphasizing scientific subjects in preparation of matriculation examinations. The majority of the teachers do not include societal issues in their teaching, but if students raise these issues, teachers claimed to address them. No differences in teachers' opinions to societal issues were found in relation to gender or religious faith. Teachers with more years of teaching experience tend to teach with a more Science, Technology, and Society (STS) approach than novice teachers. The results are discussed in relation to teachers' professional development and teaching strategies are suggested to be used in their classrooms based on a STS approach, which includes the societal issues as a main goal.

Darwinian Controversies: An Historiographical Recounting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Depew, David J.

2010-05-01

This essay reviews key controversies in the history of the Darwinian research tradition: the Wilberforce-Huxley debate in 1860, early twentieth-century debates about the heritability of acquired characteristics and the consistency of Mendelian genetics with natural selection; the 1925 Scopes trial about teaching evolution; tensions about race, culture, and eugenics at the 1959 centenary celebration Darwin’s Origin of Species; adaptationism and its critics in the Sociobiology debate of 1970s and, more recently, Evolutionary Psychology; and current disputes about Intelligent Design. These controversies, I argue, are etched into public memory because they occur at the emotionally charged boundaries between public-political, technical-scientific, and personal-religious spheres of discourse. Over most of them falls the shadow of eugenics. The main lesson is that the history of Darwinism cannot be told except by showing the mutual influence of the different norms of discourse that obtain in the personal, technical, and public spheres. Nor can evolutionary biology successfully be taught to citizens and citizens-to-be until the fractious intersections between spheres of discourse have been made explicit. In the course of showing why, I take rival evolutionary approaches to be dynamical historical research traditions rather than static theories. Accordingly, I distinguish Darwin’s version of Darwinism from its later transformations. I pay special attention to the role Darwin assigned to development in evolution, which was marginalized by twentieth-century population genetical Darwinism, but has recently resurfaced in new forms. I also show how the disputed phrases “survival of the fittest” and “social Darwinism” have shaped personal anxieties about “Darwinism,” have provoked public opposition to teaching evolution in public schools, and have cast a shadow over efforts to effectively communicate to the public largely successful technical efforts to make evolutionary inquiry into a science.

Acquisition Review quarterly. Vol. 1, No. 3, Summer 1994

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-01-01

implications , and suggests the use of explicit demand curves. 281 - GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS Acquisition Review Quarterly Summer 1994 - ii The Lemon Juice...environment. This attention is long overdue. Defense Department installations cover tens of millions oQf square miles of the American landscape. If you look...Commission Report, Facing Towards Governments - Nongovernmental Organi- zations and Scientific and Technical Advice (New York: Carnegie Commission, January

Ion-selective electrodes in organic elemental and functional group analysis: a review

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Selig, W.

1977-11-08

The literature on the use of ion-selective electrodes in organic elemental and functional group analysis is surveyed in some detail. The survey is complete through Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 83 (1975). 40 figures, 52 tables, 236 references.

Reversible Sterilization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Largey, Gale

1977-01-01

Notes that difficult questions arise concerning the use of sterilization for alleged eugenic and euthenic purposes. Thus, how reversible sterilization will be used with relation to the poor, mentally ill, mentally retarded, criminals, and minors, is questioned. (Author/AM)

Supplement Analysis for the Transmission System Vegetation Management Program FEIS (DOE/EIS-0285/SA-127- Eugene-Alvey#2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sherer, Brett M.

2003-02-19

BPA proposes to remove unwanted vegetation along the right-of-way, access roads, and around tower structures of the subject transmission line corridor that may impede the operation and maintenance of the identified transmission lines. BPA plans to conduct vegetation control with the goal of removing tall growing vegetation that is currently or will soon be a hazard to the transmission line. BPA’s overall goal is to have low-growing plant communities along the rights-of-way to control the development of potentially threatening vegetation. Vegetation Management for the Eugene-Alvey 115 kV transmission line from structure 7/1 through structure 12/2m, and along portions of themore » following adjacent transmission lines: Hawkins-Alvey 115KV and Alvey-Lane 115KV.« less

[As the twig is bent, so is the tree inclined: children and the Liga Brasileira de Higiene Mental's eugenic programs].

PubMed

Reis, J R

2000-01-01

Created in the early 1920s, at a moment when the country's psychiatric field was embracing the preventive outlook, the Liga Brasileira de Higiene Mental included within its members the elite of Brazilian psychiatry, along with a number of physicians and intellectuals. The article discusses the institution's proposals for intervention among children. The league ended up incorporating into its theoretical arsenal the basic themes of mental hygiene and eugenics as part of its general goal of collaborating in Brazil's process of "racial sanitation". With this objective in mind, and viewing the child as a "pre-citizen" who is a "fundamental part within the man of the future", league members included the children's issue in their projects and saw an imperative need for mental health care from early ages on.

["A decision meaning a new foundation...": from the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Genetics and Eugenics to the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics].

PubMed

Sachse, Carola

2011-01-01

The Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG) in Berlin-Dahlem dates its establishment to 1964. Its homepage makes no mention of its predecessor institutes, the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Genetics and Eugenics (KWIA) and the subsequent MPI for Comparative Genetics and Hereditary Pathology (MPIVEE). This article traces the two critical phases of transition regarding the constellations of academic staff, institutional and epistemic ruptures and continuities specific to the era. Only one of the five department heads from the final war years, Hans Nachtsheim, remained a researcher within the Max Planck Society (MPG); he nevertheless continued to advocate the pre-war and wartime eugenic agenda in the life sciences and social policy. The generational change of 1959/60 became a massive struggle within the institute, in which microbial genetics (with Fritz Kaudewitz) was pitted against human genetics (with Friedrich Vogel) and managed to establish itself after a fresh change in personnel in 1964/65. For the Dahlem institute, this involved a far-reaching reorientation of its research, but for the genetically oriented life sciences in the Max Planck Society as a whole it only meant that molecular biology, which was already being pursued in the West German institutes, gained an additional facility. With this realignment of research traditions, the Society was able to draw a line under the Nazi past without having to address it head-on.

Giuseppe Sergi. The portrait of a positivist scientist.

PubMed

Cerro, Giovanni

2017-12-30

Giuseppe Sergi (1841-1936) was one of the most important anthropologists and psychologists of the age of positivism and this article focuses on three domains of his scientific research: degeneration, eugenics and race. His concept of degeneration is defined as the development of special forms of human adaptation to the environment. This issue is closely related to his theory of the "stratification of character", which had a profound impact on Italian psychiatry and criminal anthropology in the late nineteenth century. Thus, special emphasis is placed on the differences between Sergi and Cesare Lombroso regarding their definitions of criminality and genius. Concerning eugenics, the article analyzes Sergi's key role in the Italian context, discussing his eugenic program based on both repression and education. His remedies against the spread of degeneration included not only radical and repressive measures, but also the improvement of popular education and the living conditions of the working class. In the field of physical anthropology, the article examines Sergi's morphological method of classifying ethnic groups. Although sharply criticized in Italy and abroad, this method had two major effects. First, it led to the definitive split between Sergi and Paolo Mantegazza and to the foundation of the Societá Romana di Antropologia in 1893. Second, it was the starting point for Sergi's theory of Mediterranean "stock", which claimed that European populations were of African origin in contrast to contemporary theories of Aryan supremacy. The article ends with a look at the heated debate over Sergi's Mediterraneanism during the period of Fascism.

Evaluation of solitary waves as a mechanism for oil transport in poroelastic media: A case study of the South Eugene Island field, Gulf of Mexico basin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Joshi, Ajit; Appold, Martin S.; Nunn, Jeffrey A.

Hydrocarbons in shallow reservoirs of the Eugene Island 330 field in the Gulf of Mexico basin are thought to have migrated rapidly along low permeability sediments of the Red fault zone as discrete pressure pulses from source rocks at depths of about 4.5 km. The aim of this research was to evaluate the hypothesis that these pressure pulses represent solitary waves by investigating the mechanics of solitary wave formation and motion and wave oil transport capability. A two-dimensional numerical model of Eugene Island minibasin formation predicted overpressures at the hydrocarbon source depth to increase at an average rate of 30more » Pa/yr, reaching 52 MPa by the present day and oil velocities of 1E-12 m/yr, far too low for kilometer scale oil transport to fill shallow Plio-Pleistocene reservoirs within the 3.6 million year minibasin history. Calculations from a separate one-dimensional model that used the pressure generation rate from the two-dimensional model showed that solitary waves could only form and migrate within sediments that have very low permeabilities between 1-25 to 1-24 m2 and that are highly overpressured to 91-93% of lithostatic pressure. Solitary waves were found to have a maximum pore volume of 105 m3, to travel a maximum distance of 1-2 km, and to have a maximum velocity of 1-3 m/yr. Based on these results, solitary waves are unlikely to have transported oil to the shallowest reservoirs in the Eugene Island field in a poroelastic fault gouge rheology at the pressure generation rates likely to have been caused by disequilibrium compaction and hydrocarbon generation. However, solitary waves could perhaps be important agents for oil transport in other locations where reservoirs are closer to the source rocks, where the pore space is occupied by more than one fluid, or where sudden fracturing of overpressured hydrocarbon source sediments would allow the solitary waves to propagate as shock waves. Hydrocarbons in shallow reservoirs of the Eugene Island 330 field in the Gulf of Mexico basin are thought to have migrated rapidly along low permeability sediments of the Red fault zone as discrete pressure pulses from source rocks at depths of about 4.5 km. The aim of this research was to evaluate the hypothesis that these pressure pulses represent solitary waves by investigating the mechanics of solitary wave formation and motion and wave oil transport capability. A two-dimensional numerical model of Eugene Island minibasin formation predicted overpressures at the hydrocarbon source depth to increase at an average rate of 30 Pa/yr, reaching 52 MPa by the present day and oil velocities of 1-12 m/yr, far too low for kilometer scale oil transport to fill shallow Plio-Pleistocene reservoirs within the 3.6 million year minibasin history. Calculations from a separate one-dimensional model that used the pressure generation rate from the two-dimensional model showed that solitary waves could only form and migrate within sediments that have very low permeabilities between 1-25 to 1-24 m2 and that are highly overpressured to 91-93% of lithostatic pressure. Solitary waves were found to have a maximum pore volume of 100,000 m3, to travel a maximum distance of 1-2 km, and to have a maximum velocity of 1-3 m/yr. Based on these results, solitary waves are unlikely to have transported oil to the shallowest reservoirs in the Eugene Island field in a poroelastic fault gouge rheology at the pressure generation rates likely to have been caused by disequilibrium compaction and hydrocarbon generation. However, solitary waves could perhaps be important agents for oil transport in other locations where reservoirs are closer to the source rocks, where the pore space is occupied by more than one fluid, or where sudden fracturing of overpressured hydrocarbon source sediments would allow the solitary waves to propagate as shock waves.« less

The origin of a derived superkingdom: how a gram-positive bacterium crossed the desert to become an archaeon

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background The tree of life is usually rooted between archaea and bacteria. We have previously presented three arguments that support placing the root of the tree of life in bacteria. The data have been dismissed because those who support the canonical rooting between the prokaryotic superkingdoms cannot imagine how the vast divide between the prokaryotic superkingdoms could be crossed. Results We review the evidence that archaea are derived, as well as their biggest differences with bacteria. We argue that using novel data the gap between the superkingdoms is not insurmountable. We consider whether archaea are holophyletic or paraphyletic; essential to understanding their origin. Finally, we review several hypotheses on the origins of archaea and, where possible, evaluate each hypothesis using bioinformatics tools. As a result we argue for a firmicute ancestry for archaea over proposals for an actinobacterial ancestry. Conclusion We believe a synthesis of the hypotheses of Lake, Gupta, and Cavalier-Smith is possible where a combination of antibiotic warfare and viral endosymbiosis in the bacilli led to dramatic changes in a bacterium that resulted in the birth of archaea and eukaryotes. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Patrick Forterre, Eugene Koonin, and Gáspár Jékely PMID:21356104

Methodology for determining motorcycle operator crash risk and alcohol impairment. Vol. 2, Literature review report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-04-01

Alcohol involvement continues to be a prominent factor in motorcycle crashes. Drinking and driving have been researched extensively, and the relationship between a drivers' blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and crash risk is well understood. Unfortun...

An Insider's View of the Teachers' Union and Women's Rights

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stern, Marjorie

1973-01-01

The author is chairman of the Women's Rights Committee of the American Federation of Teachers: she was invited to write this article in response to Women Teachers and Teacher Power,'' in the Urban Review,'' Vol. 6, No. 3. (Author/JM)

26. Historic American Buildings Survey, Angelus Commercial Photographers, 1930 Courtesy ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

26. Historic American Buildings Survey, Angelus Commercial Photographers, 1930 Courtesy of Angelus Collection, University of Oregon Library, Eugene, Oregon MARQUEE IN 1930. - Oriental Theatre, 828 Southeast Grand Avenue, Portland, Multnomah County, OR

3. Historic American Buildings Survey, Courtesy of Oregon Historical Society, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. Historic American Buildings Survey, Courtesy of Oregon Historical Society, Photo from 'West Shore' VILLIARD HALL, 1886, DEADY HALL, 1876. - University of Oregon, Deady Hall, University of Oregon Campus, Eugene, Lane County, OR

WALK UP RAMP - ASTRONAUT THOMAS P. STAFFORD - MISC.

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-06-03

S66-32149 (3 June 1966) --- Astronauts Thomas P. Stafford (foreground), command pilot, and Eugene A. Cernan, pilot, walk up the ramp at Pad 19 during the Gemini-9A prelaunch countdown. Photo credit: NASA

"Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Systematic and Meta-Analytic Review of Nonpharmacological Therapies for Cancer Patients:" Correction to Kangas, Bovbjerg, and Montgomery (2008)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kangas, Maria; Bovbjerg, Dana H.; Montgomery, Guy H.

2009-01-01

Reports an error in "Cancer-related fatigue: A systematic and meta-analytic review of non-pharmacological therapies for cancer patients" by Maria Kangas, Dana H. Bovbjerg and Guy H. Montgomery (Psychological Bulletin, 2008[Sep], Vol 134[5], 700-741). The URL to the Supplemental Materials for the article is listed incorrectly in two places in the…

The Vitality of Senior Faculty Members. Snow on the Roof-Fire in the Furnace. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report, Vol. 25, No. 7.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bland, Carole J.; Bergquist, William H.

This report examines issues concerned with the vitality and productivity of senior faculty at institutions of higher education. The first section reviews shifting faculty demographics and is followed by a case study of the career of one professor. Next, research on the productivity of senior faculty in teaching, research, and service is reviewed.…

Universal Breast Cancer Antigens as Targets Linking Early Detection and Therapeutic Vaccination

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

Factors Determining Dissemination of Results and Uptake of Genetic Testing in Families with Known BRCA1/2 Mutations. Genetic Testing Vol. 12: 81-91, 2008...risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy, in press Familial Cancer, 2008 19. Schwartz GF, Hughes KS, Lynch HT, Fabian CJ, Fentiman IS, Robson ME...in high risk breast cancer families . In press. Cancer Research, 2008. Research Publications, peer-reviewed reviews, editorials and chapters: 1

Oak Ridge National Laboratory [ORNL] Review, Vol. 25, Nos. 3 and 4, 1992 [The First Fifty Years

DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

Krause, C.(ed.)

1992-01-01

In observation of the 50th anniversary of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, this special double issue of the Review contains a history of the Laboratory, complete with photographs, drawings, and short accompanying articles. Table of contents include: Wartime Laboratory; High-flux Years; Accelerating Projects; Olympian Feats; Balancing Act; Responding to Social Needs; Energy Technologies; Diversity and Sharing; Global Outreach; Epilogue

Insurance and genetic testing: where are we now?

PubMed Central

Ostrer, H; Allen, W; Crandall, L A; Moseley, R E; Dewar, M A; Nye, D; McCrary, S V

1993-01-01

Basic research will spur development of genetic tests that are capable of presymptomatic prediction of disease, disability, and premature death in presently asymptomatic individuals. Concerns have been expressed about potential harms related to the use of genetic test results, especially loss of confidentiality, eugenics, and discrimination. Existing laws and administrative policies may not be sufficient to assure that genetic information is used fairly. To provide factual information and conceptual principles upon which sound social policy can be based, the Human Genome Initiative established an Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues Program. Among the first areas to be identified as a priority for study was insurance. This paper provides a review of life, health, and disability insurance systems, including basic principles, risk classification, and market and regulatory issues, and examines the potential impact of genetic information on the insurance industry. PMID:8447322

Vol III Module 1: Management of Dyslexia and Related Learning Disabilities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helveston, Eugene M.

1987-01-01

An ophthalmologist reviews the clinical features of dyslexia, gives guidelines for recognition and referral, discusses controversies regarding the management of learning disorders, and stresses the need for a multidisciplinary approach. Also included are the ophthalmologist's answers to practitioner questions. (Author/DB)

jsc2013e009914

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-02-04

JSC2013-E-009914 (1969) -- Vice President Spiro Agnew pins Flight Director Eugene F. Kranz as NASA Administrator Thomas Paine and Apollo 9 Commander James A. McDivitt look on. Photo credit: NASA Hq. photo identification no. is 69-H-537

Apollo 10 astronauts in space suits in front of Command Module

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1968-01-01

Three astronauts named as the prime crew of the Apollo 10 space mission. Left to right, are Eugene A. Cernan, lunar module pilot; John W. Young, command module pilot; and Thomas P. Stafford, commander.

Three astronauts inside Command Module Simulator during Apollo Simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1968-01-01

Three astronauts inside the Command Module Simulator in bldg 5 during an Apollo Simulation. Left to right are Astronauts Thomas P. Stafford, commander; John W. Young, command module pilot; and Eugene A. Cernan, lunar module pilot.

Publications - GMC 35 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys

Science.gov Websites

DGGS GMC 35 Publication Details Title: Magnetic susceptibility analysis of five samples from the AMOCO Wescott, Eugene, 1983, Magnetic susceptibility analysis of five samples from the AMOCO Ahtna #A-1 well

INFLIGHT - APOLLO X

NASA Image and Video Library

1969-05-25

S69-34968 (24 May 1969) --- Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan, Apollo 10 lunar module pilot, is seen in this color reproduction taken from a telecast made by the color television camera aboard the Apollo 10 spacecraft during its trans-Earth journey home.

75 FR 44975 - Notice of Intent To Solicit Nominations, Western Oregon Resource Advisory Committees

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-30

... for nominations, published in the Federal Register on April 29, 2010, did not result in a sufficient... 97459, (541) 756-0100; Eugene District Resource Advisory Committee: Pat Johnston, 3106 Pierce Parkway...

Astronaut Eugene Cernan drives the Lunar Roving Vehicle during first EVA

NASA Image and Video Library

1972-12-10

AS17-147-22526 (11 Dec. 1972) --- Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan, commander, makes a short checkout of the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) during the early part of the first Apollo 17 extravehicular activity (EVA) at the Taurus-Littrow landing site. This view of the "stripped down" LRV is prior to loading up. Equipment later loaded onto the LRV included the ground-controlled television assembly, the lunar communications relay unit, hi-gain antenna, low-gain antenna, aft tool pallet, lunar tools and scientific gear. This photograph was taken by scientist-astronaut Harrison H. Schmitt, lunar module pilot. The mountain in the right background is the east end of South Massif. While astronauts Cernan and Schmitt descended in the Lunar Module (LM) "Challenger" to explore the moon, astronaut Ronald E. Evans, command module pilot, remained with the Command and Service Modules (CSM) "America" in lunar orbit.

The early eugenics movement and emerging professional psychiatry: conceptual transfers and personal relationships between Germany and North America, 1880s to 1930s.

PubMed

Stahnisch, Frank W

2014-01-01

French-Austrian psychiatrist Bénédict Augustin Morel's (1809-1873) Traits des dégénérescences physiques, intellectuelles et morales de l'espèce humaine (1857) was fully dedicated to the social problem of "degeneration" and it became very attractive to German-speaking psychiatrists during the latter half of the 19th century. Auguste Forel (1848-1931) and Constantin von Monakow (1853-1930) in Zurich integrated Morel's approach and searched for the somatic and morphological alterations in the human brain; a perspective of research that Ernst Ruedin (1874-1952) at Munich further prolonged into a thorough analysis of hereditary influences on mental health. This paper investigates the continuities and major differences within some early eugenic traditions of the emerging field of psychiatry in the German-speaking countries and North America.

Eugenics and racial biology in Sweden and the USSR: contacts across the Baltic Sea.

PubMed

Rudling, Per Anders

2014-01-01

The 1920s saw a significant exchange between eugenicists in Sweden and the young Soviet state. Sweden did not take part in World War I, and during the years following immediately upon the Versailles peace treaty, Swedish scholars came to serve as an intermediary link between, on the one hand, Soviet Russia and Weimar Germany, and, on the other hand, Western powers. Swedish eugenicists organized conferences, lecture tours, visits, scholarly exchanges, and transfers and translation of eugenic research. Herman Lundborg, the director of the world's first State Institute of Racial Biology, was an old-fashioned, deeply conservative, and anti-communist "scientific" racist, who somewhat paradoxically came to serve as something of a Western liaison for Soviet eugenicists. Whereas the contacts were disrupted in 1930, Swedish eugenicists had a lasting impact on Soviet physical anthropologists, who cited their works well into the 1970s, long after they had been discredited in Sweden.

[Beyond eugenics: posthumanism as Homo patiens denials].

PubMed

Ballesteros Llompart, Jesús

2012-01-01

Throughout history there have been attempts to overcome human limitations by means of technique. The novelty of the 20th century has been to try to extirpate all the faults, the suffering, the disease, and even the death. This power has been attributed successively to machines (the futurism), to the genetic information (the eugenism) and to the electronic information (the posthumanism). In all cases, it's unknown the distinction between inevitable faults, ontological deficiencies, as the reality of death, and avoidable ones, sociological deficiencies, as the deaths due to circumstances as lack of drinkable water, of medicaments, wars or any other type of violence. The due way of confronting the human faults is to try to eradicate their avoidable causes and at the same time to understand the sense of those that cannot be avoided, as occasion of the self-overcoming and the opening to the Transcendence.

Toward economics as a new complex system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaizoji, Taisei

2016-12-01

The 2015 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Eugene Fama, Lars Peter Hansen and Robert Shiller for their contributions to the empirical analysis of asset prices. Eugene Fama [J. Finance 25(2), 383 (1970)] is an advocate of the efficient market hypothesis. The efficient market hypothesis assumes that asset price is determined by using all available information and only reacts to new information not incorporated into the fundamentals. Thus, the movement of stock prices is unpredictable. Robert Shiller [ Irrational Exuberance (Princeton Univ. Press, 2015)] has been studying the existence of irrational bubbles, which are defined as the long term deviations of asset price from the fundamentals. This drives us to the unsettled question of how the market actually works. In this paper, I look back at the development of economics and consider the direction in which we should move in order to truly understand the workings of an economic society.

"A visitation of providence:" Public health and eugenic reform in the wake of the Halifax disaster.

PubMed

Baker, Leslie

2014-01-01

The Halifax Explosion provided the opportunity for an "experiment in public health" that was meant not only to restore but also to improve the city and its population in the process. The restructuring that occurred during the restoration was influenced by pre-existing ideals and prejudices which were reflected in the goals of the newly formed committees in charge of the reconstruction. The primary emphasis on improvement as well as control was the result of existing regional concerns regarding the emigration of the province's most "desirable" stock, in the form of healthy, educated young men and women, to central Canada and the eastern United States. Public health reforms reflected the eugenic goal of improving the overall quality of the population through education, surveillance, and inspection, resorting finally to institutionalizing people who public health officials determined were genuinely deficient.

Muscular Dystrophy, incurability, eugenics

PubMed Central

Rideau, Y; Rideau, F

2007-01-01

Summary The medical entity “muscular dystrophy” has been the object of a recent opinion campaign aimed at promoting a law in favour of euthanasia. This disease has become, in the eyes of the public, a media model of a particularly severe and incurable disease. This very widespread statement does not correspond to reality as far as concerns the life of these patients, to the condition that they have benefited from a very useful and fully provided empirical treatment. As already seen, the hope for life has already doubled, without clear limits. The idea of inducing an interruption when at death’s door, as long as a systematic prevention prior to birth, does not conform with the motivated opinion of the majority of patients consulted. On the contrary, the dogma of incurability may lead to dramatic individual consequences which should be stressed, from a medical viewpoint, on account of the unacceptable risks of social injustice or eugenics that this would imply. PMID:17915566

[UNESCO's bioethical norms to avoid eugenic practices].

PubMed

Cruz-Coke, R

2000-06-01

The author, member of the UNESCO Bioethics Committee, participated in the preparation of the Universal Declaration about Human Genome and Human Rights, in 1997. The aim of this work is to analyze the initial articles of such Declaration, defining the bioethical principles that defend human dignity, freedom and rights, against the madness of the present biotechnological revolution. The development of genetics for the benefit of mankind will be guaranteed if these principles are honored. Genetic discrimination, reductionism and determinism, are identified by the author as perversions that, if used by biotechnologists, can lead to the rebirth of eugenism and racism, that were condemned by the Code of Nuremberg, in 1947. Investigators must assume their responsibility, respecting the principles of human dignity, the real freedom of research and solidarity among people. This attitude will avoid the use of genetics for purposes other than the welfare of mankind.

“Stains” on their self-discipline: Public health, hygiene, and the disciplining of undocumented immigrant parents in the nation's internal borderlands

PubMed Central

Horton, Sarah; Barker, Judith C.

2009-01-01

Histories of the role of public health in nation building have revealed the centrality of hygiene to eugenic mechanisms of racial exclusion in the turn-of-the-20th-century United States, yet little scholarship has examined its role in the present day. Through ethnography in a Mexican migrant farmworking community in California's Central Valley, we explore the role of oral-hygiene campaigns in racializing Mexican immigrant parents and shaping the substance of their citizenship. Public health officials perceive migrant farmworkers' children's oral disease as a “stain of backwardness,” amplifying Mexican immigrants' status as “aliens.” We suggest, however, that the recent concern with Mexican immigrant children's oral health blends classic eugenic concerns in public health with neoliberal concerns regarding different immigrant groups' capacity for self-governance. PMID:20161433

Defense Threat Reduction Agency > Research > DTRIAC > DTRIAC Dispatch

Science.gov Websites

@mail.mil with your submissions. DTRIAC Dispatch - Vol 5, Issue 3 DTRIAC Dispatch - Vol 5, Issue 2 DTRIAC Dispatch - Vol 5, Issue 1 DTRIAC Dispatch - Vol 4, Issue 1 DTRIAC Dispatch - Vol 3, Issue 4 DTRIAC Dispatch - Vol 3, Issue 3 DTRIAC Dispatch - Vol 3, Issue 2 DTRIAC Dispatch - Vol 3, Issue 1 DTRIAC Dispatch - Vol

Vertical and lateral fluid flow related to a large growth fault, South Eugene Island Block 330 field, offshore Louisiana

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Losh, S.; Eglinton, L.; Schoell, M.

1999-02-01

Data from sediments in and near a large growth fault adjacent to the giant South Eugene Island Block 330 field, offshore Louisiana, indicate that the fault has acted as a conduit for fluids whose flux has varied in space and time. Core and cuttings samples from two wells that penetrated the same fault about 300 m apart show markedly different thermal histories and evidence for mass flux. Sediments within and adjacent to the fault zone in the US Department of Energy-Pennzoil Pathfinder well at about 2200 m SSTVD (subsea true vertical depth) showed little paleothermal or geochemical evidence for through-goingmore » fluid flow. The sediments were characterized by low vitrinite reflectances (R{sub {omicron}}), averaging 0.3% R{sub {omicron}}, moderate to high {delta}{sup 18}O and {delta}{sup 13}C values, and little difference in major or trace element composition between deformed and undeformed sediments. In contrast, faulted sediments from the A6ST well, which intersects the A fault at 1993 m SSTVD, show evidence for a paleothermal anomaly (0.55% R{sub {omicron}}) and depleted {delta}{sup 18}O and {delta}{sup 13}C values. Overall, indicators of mass and heat flux indicate the main growth fault zone in South Eugene Island Block 330 has acted as a conduit for ascending fluids, although the cumulative fluxes vary along strike. This conclusion is corroborated by oil and gas distribution in downthrown sands in Blocks 330 and 331, which identify the fault system in northwestern Block 330 as a major feeder.« less

Drilling into a present-day migration pathway for hydrocarbons within a fault zone conduit in the Eugene Island 330 field, offshore Louisiana

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Anderson, R.N.

1995-11-01

Within the Global Basins Research Network, we have developed 4-D seismic analysis techniques that, when integrated with pressure and temperature mapping, production history, geochemical monitoring, and finite element modeling, allow for the imaging of active fluid migration in the subsurface. We have imaged fluid flow pathways that are actively recharging shallower hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Eugene Island 330 field, offshore Louisiana. The hydrocarbons appear to be sourcing from turbidite stacks within the salt-withdrawal mini-basin buried deep within geopressure. Fault zone conduits provide transient migration pathways out of geopressure. To accomplish this 4-D imaging, we use multiple 3-D seismic surveys donemore » several years apart over the same blocks. 3-D volume processing and attribute analysis algorithms are used to identify significant seismic amplitude interconnectivity and changes over time that result from active fluid migration. Pressures and temperatures are then mapped and modeled to pro- vide rate and timing constraints for the fluid movement. Geochemical variability observed in the shallow reservoirs is attributed to the mixing of new with old oils. The Department of Energy has funded an industry cost-sharing project to drill into one of these active conduits in Eugene Island Block 330. Active fluid flow was encountered within the fault zone in the field demonstration experiment, and hydrocarbons were recovered. The active migration events connecting shallow reservoirs to deep sourcing regions imply that large, heretofore undiscovered hydrocarbon reserves exist deep within geopressures along the deep continental shelf of the northern Gulf of Mexico.« less

[German neurology and neurologists during the Third Reich: exemplified by research on epilepsy].

PubMed

Martin, M; Fangerau, H; Karenberg, A

2016-08-01

There are only a small number of studies dealing with the impact of eugenic theories and practices on the research of particular neurological diseases during the Third Reich. Thus, this contribution to the special issue on neurology in Germany between 1933 and 1945 focuses exemplarily on epilepsy research. By drawing on primary sources and secondary literature the article tries to reconstruct the scientific discourse of the time and consider the implications for patients. National socialistic ideology was based on eugenic thinking and the implementation of eugenic policies was a major political objective. An immediate effect of this policy was the passing of the Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring (Gesetz zur Verhütung erbkranken Nachwuchses) in 1933. According to this law "hereditary epilepsy" along with various other neurological and psychiatric disorders was regarded as a mandatory indication for forced sterilization. Subsequently, funding of epileptological research was generously increased and extended, e. g. at the German Research Institute (Deutsche Forschungsanstalt) in Munich and the Rheinische Provinzial-Institut in Bonn. The main focus was placed on idiopathic forms of the disease, which were a priori considered as hereditary. At the annual meetings of the Society of German Neurologists and Psychiatrists (Gesellschaft deutscher Neurologen und Psychiater), lectures and debates on epilepsy repeatedly constituted a key topic. Some participants opted for a broad interpretation of "endogeneity" and thus favored an extension of the practice of sterilization but others advocated a more differentiated and restricted attitude. Several neurology researchers showed a penchant for self-mobilization in line with the doctrine of the new government.

Genetic Counseling: Implications for Community Counselors.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bodenhorn, Nancy; Lawson, Gerard

2003-01-01

Special issue of the "Journal of Health Psychology" (Vol. 7, No. 2, 2002) was reviewed. Articles covered a variety of qualitative studies conducted using an interpretive phenomenological analysis method to examine the interviews with people who had received genetic testing and counseling. Implications for the broader counseling field…

AIBS Educational Review, Vol. 5, No. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dodge, Richard A., Ed.

This publication, published quarterly by the American Institute of Biological Sciences, focuses on biology education in colleges and universities. Included in this issue are articles dealing with adapting available materials to an individualized instructional format, science seminars for liberal arts freshmen, the role of physiology in anatomy…

Characterization of Fault Size in Bearings

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-23

suggests to use the ratio between the horizontal and the vertical RMS as an indicator of the fault location is not applicable for small faults. Since...Vibration Monitoring of rolling element bearing by the high- frequency resonance technique - a review, Tribology international, Vol. 17, pp 3-10. M

Acquisition Review Quarterly (ARQ) Vol. 4, No. 4.

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-01-01

served. Truly, as the African proverb has it, when elephants fight, the grass suffers. In a sinister twist, there is now a big push to get...institutionalizing a formal structure for reporting issues, problems, required actions, and successes. The re- ports were consolidated into a keystone

AIBS Education Review, Vol. 5, No. 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dodge, Richard A., Ed.

This publication, published quarterly by the American Institute of Biological Sciences, focuses on biology education in colleges and universities. Included in this issue are articles dealing with mini-investigative labs in microbiology for nonscience students, the effects of various components of the Keller system on student attitudes and…

Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 29, 1978.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosenzweig, Mark R., Ed.; Porter, Lyman W., Ed.

The volume contains 20 scholarly essays on current research in representative areas of the field of psychology. Most of the authors are professors and researchers at universities in the United States, representing departments of psychology, management, social ecology, human development, education, psychiatry, and medicine. A few private research…

60 Years of Great Science (Oak Ridge National Laboratory)

DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

2003-01-01

This issue of Oak Ridge National Laboratory Review (vol. 36, issue 1) highlights Oak Ridge National Laboratory's contributions in more than 30 areas of research and related activities during the past 60 years and provides glimpses of current activities that are carrying on this heritage.

AIBS Education Review, Vol. 2, No. 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Creager, Joan G., Ed.

This issue contains articles on experiences gained in the construction of terminal performance objectives for introductory biology courses, the impact of audiotutorial instruction on faculty load and departmental operating levels, an experiment designed to improve the teaching of biology in large enrollment introductory courses, a minicourse on…

Decomposition Measurements of RP-1, RP-2, JP-7, n-Dodecane, and Tetrahydroquinoline in Shock Tubes (Preprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-11-23

Pressure. First article. Cracking normal paraffin hydrocarbons,” Foreign Petroleum Technology , Vol. 7, No. 5/6, 1939, pp. 209-224. [7] Greensfelder...hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and...completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information

Detection of Buried Targets via Active Selection of Labeled Data: Application to Sensing Subsurface UXO

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

images,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis Machine Intelligence, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 99–113, 1991. [15] C. Bouman and M. Shapiro, “A multiscale random...including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing...this project was on developing new statistical algorithms for analysis of electromagnetic induction (EMI) and magnetometer data measured at actual

Fault-Tolerant VLSI Design Assessments for Advanced Avionics Department. Literature Review. Phase 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-05

negative sense. Another facet of the literature review is to acquaint the researchers with the immense literature base for electronic technology applicable ...Riley, "Special Report: Semiconductor Memories are Tested Over Data-Storage Application ", Electronics, vol. 46, August 19. G. Luecke, J. P. Mize and W...Design and Evaluation of Self-Checking Systems", Report Submitted to the Mathematical and Information Science Division of the Office of Naval

Investigation of Sorption Mass Transfer Models Using Synthetic Soils

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-12-01

Goltz for his useful comments regarding my review of the literature. His comments served to enhance the readability of my review as well as the...versions. Researchers ( Goltz , 1986; Wu and Gschwend, 1986; Ball and Roberts, 1991b; Young and Ball, 1995) have applied Fick’s second law of diffusion...Values," Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 21, pp. 243-248, 1987. Goltz , M.N., Three-Dimensional Analytical Modeling of Diffusion-limited

Preschool Programs with Personality.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hereford, Nancy-Jo

1980-01-01

Describes four different and exemplary preschools: Small World Center for Creativity (Boise, Idaho); the Creative Play Center (Worthington, Ohio); Westmoreland Cooperative Preschool (University of Oregon, Eugene); and Montessori Gardens School (Hilton Head Island, South Carolina). Also gives tips on running a preschool. (SJL)

STS-3 FLIGHT DAY 1 ACTIVITIES - MISSION OPERATIONS CONTROL ROOM (MOCR) - JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1982-03-22

MOCR during Flight Day 1 of the STS-3 Mission. View: Thomas L. Moser, of the Structures and Mechanics Division, briefing Flight Director Eugene Kranz, Flight Operations, and Dr. Kraft, JSC Director. JSC, HOUSTON, TX

Mental Retardation: Past, Present and Future

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crissey, Marie Skodak

1975-01-01

Notes that two developments had major impacts on policies towards the mentally retarded between the 1880s and the 1920s: (1) the swing toward the eugenics-heredity-genetics movement, and (2) the development of individual intelligence testing. (Author/JM)

Astronaut John Young in Command Module Simulator during Apollo Simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1968-01-01

Astronaut John W. Young, command module pilot, inside the Command Module Simulator in bldg 5 during an Apollo Simulation. Astronauts Thomas P. Stafford, commander and Eugene A. Cernan, lunar module pilot are out of the view.

75 FR 5967 - Procurement List; Additions and Deletions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-05

...., Fresno, CA 3971 RESEARCH PARK DRIVE, ANN ARBOR, MI 22600 HALL ROAD, CLINTON TOWNSHIP, MI 477 MICHIGAN AVE... COUNTRY CLUB RD, EUGENE, OR GUS J. SOLOMON CTHSE: 620 SW MAIN ST, PORTLAND, OR E.GREEN--W.WYATT FB: 1220...

Pediatric chest and abdominopelvic CT: organ dose estimation based on 42 patient models.

PubMed

Tian, Xiaoyu; Li, Xiang; Segars, W Paul; Paulson, Erik K; Frush, Donald P; Samei, Ehsan

2014-02-01

To estimate organ dose from pediatric chest and abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) examinations and evaluate the dependency of organ dose coefficients on patient size and CT scanner models. The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant study and did not require informed patient consent. A validated Monte Carlo program was used to perform simulations in 42 pediatric patient models (age range, 0-16 years; weight range, 2-80 kg; 24 boys, 18 girls). Multidetector CT scanners were modeled on those from two commercial manufacturers (LightSpeed VCT, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wis; SOMATOM Definition Flash, Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany). Organ doses were estimated for each patient model for routine chest and abdominopelvic examinations and were normalized by volume CT dose index (CTDI(vol)). The relationships between CTDI(vol)-normalized organ dose coefficients and average patient diameters were evaluated across scanner models. For organs within the image coverage, CTDI(vol)-normalized organ dose coefficients largely showed a strong exponential relationship with the average patient diameter (R(2) > 0.9). The average percentage differences between the two scanner models were generally within 10%. For distributed organs and organs on the periphery of or outside the image coverage, the differences were generally larger (average, 3%-32%) mainly because of the effect of overranging. It is feasible to estimate patient-specific organ dose for a given examination with the knowledge of patient size and the CTDI(vol). These CTDI(vol)-normalized organ dose coefficients enable one to readily estimate patient-specific organ dose for pediatric patients in clinical settings. This dose information, and, as appropriate, attendant risk estimations, can provide more substantive information for the individual patient for both clinical and research applications and can yield more expansive information on dose profiles across patient populations within a practice. © RSNA, 2013.

Development of an improved overlay design procedure for Oregon : vol. I, interim report, background and framework.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1986-12-01

This report is the first in a three-volume series dealing with the development of an improved overlay design procedure for Oregon. This report presents the results of the first-year findings and includes: (1) a detailed review of the literature; (2) ...

77 FR 67171 - Comprehensive Review of Licensing and Operating Rules for Satellite Services

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-08

... operators of space stations that carry common-carrier voice or paging communications to report outages of 30... addressing radio frequency interference characteristics and orbital parameters of space stations and revise... Vol. 77 Thursday, No. 217 November 8, 2012 Part III Federal Communications Commission 47 CFR Part...

Adult Literacy and Technology Newsletter. Vol. 3, Nos. 1-4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gueble, Ed, Ed.

1989-01-01

This document consists of four issues of a newsletter focused on the spectrum of technology use in literacy instruction. The first issue contains the following articles: "Five 'Big' Systems and One 'Little' Option" (Weisberg); "Computer Use Patterns at Blackfeet Community College" (Hill); "Software Review: Educational Activities' Science Series"…

Youth Studies Abstracts. Vol. 4 No. 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Youth Studies Abstracts, 1985

1985-01-01

This volume contains 169 abstracts of documents dealing with youth and educational programs for youth. Included in the volume are 97 abstracts of documents dealing with social and educational developments; 56 abstracts of program reports, reviews, and evaluations; and 16 abstracts of program materials. Abstracts are grouped according to the…

Edward Purcell and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

Science.gov Websites

"development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in educated and inspired a generation of physicists, who refer to it often, and depend on it utterly.1 Purcell : A Precise Determination of the Proton Magnetic Moment in Bohr Magnetons; Physical Review, Vol. 76

Acquisition Review Quarterly. Vol. 2, No. 3, Summer 1995

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-01-01

ICOOPERATIVE ACQUISITION 231 PROJECTS IN THE PACIFIC RIM WHAT EVERY GOVERNMENT 247 EMPLOYEE SHOULD KNOW ABOUT POST-FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT R ESTR ICTIO N S OIN...Spending Run Deep. The Harris Survey. U.S. Senate. (1994). Armed Services Com- mittee. Confirmation Hearing of William Meadows, S.I. (1994). Labor

Joint Demodulation of Low-Entropy Narrowband Cochannel Signals

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

Linear prediction: A tutorial review,” IEEE Proceedings, vol. 63, pp. 561–580, April 1975. [91] R. G. Brown and P. Y. C. Hwang , Introduction to Random...48 B. SECOND ORDER PREDICTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 C. KALMAN FILTER...38 4.1 Prediction algorithm based on the Kalman filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 4.2 self

A Passage in Time

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Language Teaching, 2013

2013-01-01

In 1975 (Vol. 8.4, 201-218), S. P. Corder, during the course of his state-of-the-art review "Error analysis, interlanguage and second language acquisition," focused on the recent literature on simplified linguistic systems and suggested that research had shown that interlanguage systems often resemble other simple codes such as pidgins…

Review of Techniques for In-Flight Transfer Alignment

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-06-01

Measurements, IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. AES-16. No. 1, Jan. 1980 , pp.53-64. 23. Bar-ltzhack, I.Y., Porat, B.. Azitnuth...WViley 1988. Hlaykin, S. M.-odern F’ilters. .. Iac~lillan Publishers 1989. Hyslop ). C., Geri It. D).. Kraemer, J., GPS/INS Integration -,- the Standoff

Towards Link Characterization from Content

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

S.D. Walter and L.M. Irwig, “Estimation of Test Error Rates, Disease Prevalence , and Relative Risk from Misclas- sified Data: A Review,” Journal of...Clinical Epidemiology, vol. 41, pp. 923–937, 1988. [10] L. Joseph, T. Gyorkos, and L. Coupal, “Bayesian estimation of disease prevalence and the

Effects of Inundation on Six Varieties of Turfgrass.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-05-01

biosyn- thesis of lignin and flavonoids . Annual Review of Plant Physiology, vol. 30, p. 105-130. Hare, R.C. (1964) Indoleacetic acid oxidase...southern great plains. Journal of the American Society of Agronomy, voi. 33, p. 125-129. L t23 Ponnamperuma, F.N. (1972) The chemistry of submerged

Photogrammetric camera calibration

USGS Publications Warehouse

Tayman, W.P.; Ziemann, H.

1984-01-01

Section 2 (Calibration) of the document "Recommended Procedures for Calibrating Photogrammetric Cameras and Related Optical Tests" from the International Archives of Photogrammetry, Vol. XIII, Part 4, is reviewed in the light of recent practical work, and suggestions for changes are made. These suggestions are intended as a basis for a further discussion. ?? 1984.

Geo-Based Inter-Domain Routing (GIDR) Protocol for MANETS

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-01

routing, and support for node mobility. Crowcroft et al. proposed Plutarch as architecture to translate address spaces and transport protocols among...Warfield, “ Plutarch : an argument for network pluralism,” ACM Computer Communication Review, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 258–266, 2003. [6] S. Schmid, L

The ALAN Review. Vol. 10, No. 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ellis, W. Geiger, Ed.

1983-01-01

Young adult literature is the subject of this journal. The first article, "The Executioner Sings" (Jay Bennett), relates how and why its author writes. The next article, "Cinderella and the Pigman" (Lucy E. Waddey), explains why kids read the works of Judy Blume and Paul Zindel. "An interview with Keven Major" (Mike…

Slowing Military Change

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-01

existential fear of one’s superpower rival. Nor was the Cold War the only arms race in history: naval rivalry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries...Military Review, July-August 2006; Norman Solomon, “The Bogus Blurring of Terrorism and Insurgency in Iraq,” The Humanist , Vol. 66, No. 2, March-April

A Descriptive Study on Sexually Exploited Children in Residential Treatment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Twill, Sarah E.; Green, Denise M.; Traylor, Amy

2010-01-01

Sexual exploitation and prostitution of children and adolescents is a multibillion dollar industry in the United States (Estes and Weiner in "Medical, legal & social science aspects of child sexual exploitation: A comprehensive review of pornography, prostitution, and internet crimes, vol I," G.W. Medical Publishing, Inc, St Louis,…

View of the Lunar Roving Vehicle in its final parking space

NASA Image and Video Library

1972-12-13

AS17-146-22367 (7-19 Dec. 1972) --- This is an excellent view of the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) which was used extensively by astronauts Eugene A. Cernan and Harrison H. Schmitt at the Taurus-Littrow landing site.

GT- 9 Water Egress Training

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-04-09

S66-29498 (9 April 1966) --- Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan, prime crew pilot of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Gemini-9 spaceflight, is hoisted aboard a U.S. Coast Guard helicopter during water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Photo credit: NASA

Military Caregivers: Cornerstones of Support for Our Nation’s Wounded, Ill, and Injured Veterans

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

States has been engaged in the longest continu- ous period of combat operations in our history, fought by just 1 percent of Americans —all of them...Quality of Health Information for Consumers on the World Wide Web: A Systematic Review,” Journal of American Medical Association, Vol. 287, No. 20...average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed

Final Intrinsic Remediation Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis for the FT-002 Site, Plattsburg Air Force Base, New York

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-04-01

including the BTEX compounds (e.g., Jamison et al., 1975; Atlas , 1981, 1984, 1988; Gibson, 1984; Reinhard et al., 1984; Young, 1984; Bartha , 1986; Wilson...1981, Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons - an environmental perspective: Microbiological Reviews, vol. 45, no. 1, p. 180-209. Atlas , R.M...sand aquifer: Ground Water Monitoring Review, Winter, 1987, p. 64-71. Bartha , R., 1986, Biotechnology of petroleum pollutant biodegradation: Microbial

Analyzing the United States Air Force Organizational Structure - A Case for Reorganization

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-16

professional staff manning. 159 David R. Segal and Mady Wechsler Segal, “Change in Military Organization”, Annual Review of Sociology, no. 9 (1983): 156...budget (accessed February 7, 2011). Segal, David R., and Segal, Mady Wechsler . Change in Military Organization. Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 9 (1983...workforce. This does not include the intelligence organizations.” 91 Air Force Personnel Center, “Air Force Strength from 1948 thru 2010,” http://w11

Gatekeeper Training for Suicide Prevention: A Theoretical Model and Review of the Empirical Literature

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

effectiveness of such trainings or of intervention behaviors. The model is consistent with Bandura’s social cognitive theory , which posits that...interactions between environmental and personal factors influence the learning of new behav- ior ( Bandura , 2001). The model is depicted in Figure 1. In the...A., “ Social Cognitive Theory : An Agentic Perspective,” Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Vol. 52, 2001, pp. 1–26. Bean, G., and K. M. Baber

Naval War College Review. Volume 60, Number 1, Winter 2007

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

hospital system predates World War II, when each service provided for all of its own health care.1 In the sixty years since the conclusion of that conflict...Department of Military and Emergency Medicine at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Mary- land. He is also professor...and former president of the Uniformed Services Univer- sity of the Health Sciences. Naval War College Review, Winter 2007, Vol. 60, No. 1 C:\\WIP\\NWCR

French perspectives on psychiatric classification.

PubMed

Crocq, Marc-Antoine

2015-03-01

This article reviews the role of the French schools in the development of psychiatric nosology. Boissier de Sauvages published the first French treatise on medical nosology in 1763. Until the 1880s, French schools held a pre-eminent position in the development of psychiatric concepts. From the 1880s until World War I, German-speaking schools exerted the most influence, featuring the work of major figures such as Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler. French schools were probably hampered by excessive administrative and cultural centralization. Between the 1880s and the 1930s, French schools developed diagnostic categories that set them apart from international classifications. The main examples are Bouffée Délirante, and the complex set of chronic delusional psychoses (CDPs), including chronic hallucinatory psychosis. CDPs were distinguished from schizophrenia by the lack of cognitive deterioration during evolution. Modern French psychiatry is now coming into line with international classification, such as DSM-5 and the upcoming ICD-11.

French perspectives on psychiatric classification

PubMed Central

Crocq, Marc-Antoine

2015-01-01

This article reviews the role of the French schools in the development of psychiatric nosology. Boissier de Sauvages published the first French treatise on medical nosology in 1763. Until the 1880s, French schools held a pre-eminent position in the development of psychiatric concepts. From the 1880s until World War I, German-speaking schools exerted the most influence, featuring the work of major figures such as Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler. French schools were probably hampered by excessive administrative and cultural centralization. Between the 1880s and the 1930s, French schools developed diagnostic categories that set them apart from international classifications. The main examples are Bouffée Délirante, and the complex set of chronic delusional psychoses (CDPs), including chronic hallucinatory psychosis. CDPs were distinguished from schizophrenia by the lack of cognitive deterioration during evolution. Modern French psychiatry is now coming into line with international classification, such as DSM-5 and the upcoming ICD-11. PMID:25987863

A new family of polymerases related to superfamily A DNA polymerases and T7-like DNA-dependent RNA polymerases

PubMed Central

Iyer, Lakshminarayan M; Abhiman, Saraswathi; Aravind, L

2008-01-01

Using sequence profile methods and structural comparisons we characterize a previously unknown family of nucleic acid polymerases in a group of mobile elements from genomes of diverse bacteria, an algal plastid and certain DNA viruses, including the recently reported Sputnik virus. Using contextual information from domain architectures and gene-neighborhoods we present evidence that they are likely to possess both primase and DNA polymerase activity, comparable to the previously reported prim-pol proteins. These newly identified polymerases help in defining the minimal functional core of superfamily A DNA polymerases and related RNA polymerases. Thus, they provide a framework to understand the emergence of both DNA and RNA polymerization activity in this class of enzymes. They also provide evidence that enigmatic DNA viruses, such as Sputnik, might have emerged from mobile elements coding these polymerases. This article was reviewed by Eugene Koonin and Mark Ragan. PMID:18834537

Pioneers of laser propulsion: Saenger, Marx, Moeckel, and Kantrowitz

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Michaelis, Max M.; Hey, John D.

2002-09-01

The strength of empires and civilizations has often depended on novel forms of transportation: the Viking long boat, the Roman road, Iberian galleons, French and British steam ships, Indian trains, the car of the early twentieth century, the plane of the middle and the rocket of late. But Space has now come up against a barrier: the enormous and barely affordable expense of putting things into orbit and the unaffordable energy required to travel to the stars. The recent advent of very energetic lasers may reduce the cost. The pioneering ideas of the mid sixties appear less fanciful. Laser space propulsion is about to become such an important topic that its scientific origin and engineering roots need to be investigated. This is by no means an exhaustive survey. We review here the laser propulsion work of four eminent experts: Eugen Saenger, George Marx, Wolfgang Moeckel and Arthur Kantrowitz.

Cooperation not confrontation: the imperative of a nuclear age. The message from Budapest.

PubMed

Lown, B; Chazov, E

1985-08-02

Reprinted here is the text of a speech to the Fifth Congress of the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), delivered in Budapest on 29 June 1985 by the group's co-founders, Dr. Bernard Lown from the United States and Dr. Eugene Chazov from the U.S.S.R. After reminding the delegates that 1985 marked the 40th anniversary of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the founding of the United Nations, the two physicians review the work of the IPPNW in alerting the world to the dangers of nuclear warfare. They warn that the chances of nuclear confrontation have increased, and urge their colleagues to foster cooperation between East and West. Lown and Chazov identify nuclear war as the greatest public health threat of all, and call for a moratorium on all nuclear explosions.

Flammability limits of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway vent gas in air and the inerting effects of halon 1301

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karp, Matthew Eugene

Lithium-ion (rechargeable) and lithium-metal (non-rechargeable) battery cells put aircraft at risk of igniting and fueling fires. Lithium batteries can be packed in bulk and shipped in the cargo holds of freighter aircraft; currently lithium batteries are banned from bulk shipment on passenger aircraft [1]. The federally regulated Class C cargo compartment extinguishing system's utilization of a 5 %vol Halon 1301 knockdown concentration and a sustained 3 %vol Halon 1301 may not be sufficient at inerting lithium-ion battery vent gas and air mixtures [2]. At 5 %vol Halon 1301 the flammability limits of lithium-ion premixed battery vent gas (Li-Ion pBVG) in air range from 13.80 %vol to 26.07 %vol Li-Ion pBVG. Testing suggests that 8.59 %vol Halon 1301 is required to render all ratios of the Li-Ion pBVG in air inert. The lower flammability limit (LFL) and upper flammability limit (UFL) of hydrogen and air mixtures are 4.95 %vol and 76.52 %vol hydrogen, respectively. With the addition of 10 %vol and 20 %vol Halon 1301 the LFL is 9.02 %vol and 11.55 %vol hydrogen, respectively, and the UFL is 45.70 %vol and 28.39 %vol hydrogen, respectively. The minimum inerting concentration (MIC) of Halon 1301 in hydrogen and air mixtures is 26.72 %vol Halon 1301 at 16.2 %vol hydrogen. The LFL and UFL of Li-Ion pBVG and air mixtures are 7.88 %vol and 37.14 %vol Li-Ion pBVG, respectively. With the addition of 5 %vol, 7 %vol, and 8 %vol Halon 1301 the LFL is 13.80 %vol, 16.15 %vol, and 17.62 % vol Li-Ion pBVG, respectively, and the UFL is 26.07 %vol, 23.31 %vol, and 21.84 %vol Li- Ion pBVG, respectively. The MIC of Halon 1301 in Li-Ion pBVG and air mixtures is 8.59 %vol Halon 1301 at 19.52 %vol Li-Ion pBVG. Le Chatelier's mixing rule has been shown to be an effective measure for estimating the flammability limits of Li-Ion pBVGes. The LFL has a 1.79 % difference while the UFL has a 4.53 % difference. The state of charge (SOC) affects the flammability limits in an apparent parabolic manner, where the widest flammability limits are at or near 100 % SOC. [1] IATA. Lithium Battery Guidance Document. 7 Jan. 2016. Guidance for complying with provisions applicable to the transport by air of lithium batteries as set out in the 57th Edition of the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR). [2] Webster, Harry. Flammability assessment of bulk-packed, rechargeable lithium-ion cells in transport category aircraft. Office of Aviation Research, Federal Aviation Administration, 2006.

Wreath Laying Ceremony for Eugene Cernan

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-01-18

A display for astronaut Gene Cernan is shown following a remembrance ceremony Jan. 18, 2017, at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Cernan, who flew on Gemini and Apollo missions, commanded the Apollo 17 mission and was the last person to walk on the moon.

Research notes : high-speed rail survey results.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-08-01

The survey was conducted from April 2010 to June 2010 using both a print and a web version with identical questions. The print version of the survey was distributed at open house meetings on high-speed rail held in Eugene, Junction City, Albany, Sale...

The Health Curriculum: 500 Topics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Byrd, Oliver E.

2001-01-01

This 1958 paper divides 500 health topics into 20 categories: health as a social accomplishment/social problem; nutrition; physical fitness; mental health and disease; heredity/eugenics; infection/immunity; chronic and degenerative disease; substance abuse; skin care; vision, hearing, and speech; dental health; safety; physical environment; health…

View of the nose of the Gemini 9 spacecraft taken from hatch of spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1966-01-01

Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan, pilot of the Gemini 9-A space flight, took this picture of the nose of the Gemini 9 spacecraft while standing in hatch of spacecraft. Area of earth below is the Pacific Ocean.

Eugene P. Wigner - in the light of unexpected events

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koblinger, L.

2014-09-01

In the first part of the paper, Wigner's humane attitude is overviewed based on the author's personal impressions and on selected quotations from Wigner and his contemporaries. The second part briefly summarizes Wigner's contribution to the development of nuclear science and technology.

Three astronauts inside Command Module Simulator during Apollo Simulation

NASA Image and Video Library

1968-01-15

S68-15952 (15 Jan. 1968) --- Three astronauts inside the Command Module Simulator in Building 5 during an Apollo Simulation. Left to right, are astronauts Thomas P. Stafford, commander; John W. Young, command module pilot; and Eugene A. Cernan, lunar module pilot.

Biology and the Individual in Society

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manier, Edward

1970-01-01

Discusses the interaction of biological knowledge and human values, emphasizing problems raised by man's ability to control human evolution. Analyzes moral and religious concerns about eugenic artificial insemination or nuclear transplantation, including implications for the structure of the family and the basis of parenthood. (EB)

Sustaining Public Involvement in Long Range Planning Using a Stakeholder Based Process: A Case Study from Eugene-Springfield ,Oregon

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-09-16

The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act requires a proactive : public involvement process that provides complete information, timely public : notice, full public access to key decisions, and supports early and continuing : involvement of...

Foreign Language in the Workplace.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lambert, Richard D., Ed.; Moore, Sarah Jane, Ed.

1990-01-01

Articles in this theme issue of the journal, devoted to the subject of languages in the workplace, include: "Language Use in International Research" (Eugene Garfield, Alfred Welljams-Dorof); "The Foreign Language Needs of U.S.-Based Corporations" (Carol S. Fixman); "Foreign Language Use Among International Business…

The Role of the History of Science in the Understanding of Social Darwinism and Eugenics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bowler, Peter

1990-01-01

The link between science and society is examined by studying the application of evolution theories and genetics to human affairs. Described are the ways in which biological theories have been applied to social issues. (KR)

Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered Copper-Nickel Thin Film and Alloys

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

ARL-TR-7783 ● SEP 2016 US Army Research Laboratory Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered Copper-Nickel Thin Films and Alloys...TR-7783 ● SEP 2016 US Army Research Laboratory Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered Copper-Nickel Thin Films and Alloys by Eugene...

Experiment on the Effects of Storage Duration of Biodiesel produced from Crude Palm Oil, Waste Cooking oil and Jatropha

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nanihar, Nadiarulah; Khalid, Amir; Mustaffa, Norrizal; Jaat, Norrizam; Sapit, Azwan; Razali, Azahari; Sunar, Norshuhaila Mohamed

2017-10-01

Biodiesel based on vegetable oil is an alternative that had various advantage in term of sustainability and environmental attractive compare to others conventional diesel. Biodiesel is product of any fat or oil that derived from any organic sources through a refinery process called transesterification process. This research investigates the effects of storage duration and variant ambient condition on the biodiesel properties and characteristics. In this study, there are three types of blending which is 5vol% blends ( 5vol% plant oil 95vol% diesel), 10vol% blending (10vol% plant oil and 90vol% diesel) and 15vol% blending (15vol% plant oil and 85vol% diesel) each called CPO5 (crude palm oil 5vol%), CPO10 (crude palm oil 10vol%),CPO15 (crude palm oil 15vol%), JO5 (jatropha oil 5vol%), JO10 (jatropha oil 10vol%),and JO15 (jatropha oil 15vol%) respectively. Biodiesel samples were stored at indoor condition and outdoor condition for a 3 months period. The fuel properties such as acid value, viscosity, density, water content and flash point are observed with the laboratory instrument. Flash point value and water content increased under both of indoor and outdoor condition and a steady data for viscosity and density. However, acid value at indoor condition nearly constant but increased dramatically for outdoor condition over the time.

Lori Bird | NREL

Science.gov Websites

, Nickie Menemenlis, Antje Orths, Peter Borre Eriksen, J. Charles Smith, Lennart Soder, Poul Sorensen Sustainable Energy Reviews Vol. 65 November 2016 pp. 577-586. Jenny Heeter, Jeffrey J. Cook, Lori Bird. 2017 -6A20-64011. Bird, L., J. Cochran, and X. Wang. 2014. Wind and Solar Energy Curtailment: Experience and

Psychology in the Schools in International Perspective, Vol. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Catterall, Calvin D., Ed.

The document is second in a series which examines actual and potential contributions of psychology toward solving problems of the world's schools. Written by school psychologists from 15 countries, this volume describes ways in which psychology is applied in the author's country, traces the background of school psychological services, reviews the…

Gross Motor Engrams: An Important Spatial Learning Modality for Preschool Visually Handicapped Children. Vol. 1, No. 9.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitcraft, Carol

Investigations and theories concerning interrelationships of motoric experiences, perceptual-motor skills, and learning are reviewed, with emphasis on early engramming of form and space concepts. Covered are studies on haptic perception of form, the matching of perceptual data and motor information, Kephart's perceptual-motor theory, and…

DGWS Research Reports: Women in Sports. Vol. II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Dorothy V., Ed.

This volume presents the results of literature reviews and research from physical education and related fields on women in sports. The purpose of the report is to present scientific evidence on which to base decisions relating to physical activity and athletic programs for girls and women. One of its main sections deals with the psychological…

Three Views on Concurrent Enrollment. Feature on Research and Leadership. Vol. 1, No. 2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scheffel, Kent

2016-01-01

In this brief, Kent Scheffel offers a unique combination of expertise on dual credit and concurrent enrollment as he reviews questions of quality, program accreditation, and education policy for concurrent enrollment offerings from a national (National Alliance of Concurrent Enrollment Partnerships (NACEP), local (Lewis and Clark Community…

Philosophy in Primary Schools?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, John

2012-01-01

The article is a critical discussion of the aims behind the teaching of philosophy in British primary schools. It begins by reviewing the recent Special Issue of the "Journal of Philosophy of Education" Vol 45 Issue 2 2011 on "Philosophy for Children in Transition", so as to see what light this might throw on the topic just…

Ernest O. Lawrence and the Cyclotron

Science.gov Websites

Speed Protons Without the Use of High Voltages; Physical Review, Vol. 38, [Issue 4: 834, August 15, 1931 Report Download Adobe PDF Reader , August 27, 1952 Top Lawrence Honored: 1957 Enrico Fermi Award Science World to Think Big," Newsline, August 3, 2001. E. O. Lawrence Remembered, LBNL Conversation

Language Policy, Politics, and Diversity in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wiley, Terrence G.; Garcia, David R.; Danzig, Arnold B.; Stigler, Monica L.

2014-01-01

"Review of Research in Education: Vol. 38, Language Policy, Politics, and Diversity in Education" explores the role of educational language policies in promoting education as a human right. There are an estimated nearly 7,000 living languages in the world. Yet, despite the extent of language diversity, only a small number of the…

76 FR 4931 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Extension of an Existing Information Collection...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-27

...-Day Notice of Information Collection for Review; File No. OMB-6, Emergency Federal Law Enforcement... Federal Law Enforcement Assistance. (3) Agency form number, if any, and the applicable component of the... Federal Register on November 5, 2010, Vol. 75 No. 214, 68371 allowing for a 60 day comment period. No...

75 FR 157 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Extension of a Currently Approved Information...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-04

...-Day Notice of Information Collection under Review; File No. OMB-6, Emergency Federal Law Enforcement...) Title of the Form/Collection: Emergency Federal Law Enforcement Assistance. (3) Agency form number, if... published in the Federal Register on October 13, 2009, Vol. 74 No. 196 52498, allowing for a 60 day comment...

Decision Support for Installations of the United States Army.

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-06-25

McArdle, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel; Mr. Tim Whyte, U.S. Army Community & Family Support Center; MAT Bill Cross and MAJ Rick ... Riordan , Timothy H., Maria E Oria, and Joseph P. Tuss, "Dayton’s Capital Allocations Process," Government Finance Review, Vol. 4, No. 2, April 1987

Federal Programs Supporting Educational Change, Vol. VIII: Implementing and Sustaining Innovations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berman, Paul; McLaughlin, Milbrey Wallin

This report reviews and synthesizes the findings of a four year, two-phase study conducted by the Rand Corporation to examine and evaluate a national sample of educational innovations funded by Federal programs. Section I of this document provides background information and descriptions of the study. Section II discusses Rand's research approach…

Steven Chu: Laser Cooling and Trapping of Atoms

Science.gov Websites

biophysics. His thesis and postdoctoral work at Berkeley ... was the observation of parity non-conservation Physical Review Letters, Vol. 55, Issue 1; July 1985 Experimental Observation of Optically Trapped Atoms page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site. Website Policies

76 FR 81948 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for Office of Management and Budget Review...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-29

... Nutrition Label Formats,'' Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, vol. 15, pp. 1-15, 1996. 4. Lando, A.M... Knowledge on the Effectiveness of Daily Value Reference Information,'' Journal of the Academy of Marketing..., December 2010. 10. Institute of Medicine, ``Dietary Reference Intakes: Guiding Principles for Nutrition...

The Challenge of Communication. ACTFL Review of Foreign Language Education, Vol. 6.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jarvis, Gilbert A., Ed.

The relationship of communication to the foreign language profession is addressed in this volume. The following articles are presented: (1) "Communication and the Foreign Language Teacher," by Charles T. Brown; (2) "Rationale for Language Study," by Jane N. Lippman; (3) "Public Awareness: How Can Associations and Institutions Use Public Relations…

Laser-Based Multiphoton Excitation Processes in Combustion Diagnostics

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-07-01

Free Two- Photon Spectroscopy of Hydrogen 1S-2S*," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 34, No. 6, pp.307-309, February 1975. 22. R.C. Sausa, A.J. Alfano , and...Information Agency ATTN: E. Grant ATTN: T.W. Christian West Lafayette, IN 47906 Johns Hopkins Road Laurel, MD 20707 2 Purdue University School of

The Urban Impacts of Federal Policies: Vol.2, Economic Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaughan, Roger J.

This report examines the relationship between federal programs and policies and urban economic development. It provides both a conceptual analysis of the relationships and a review of the theoretical and empirical literature relevant to assessing policy effects. It is one of several in a broad study that examined federal actions in relation to…

Investigations in Mathematics Education, Vol. 10, No. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Osborne, Alan R., Ed.

The majority of this IME issue is devoted to reviews of recent research reports from the project for the Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth (SMPY) at Johns Hopkins University. An overview is provided of the book "Intellectual Talent: Research and Development", edited by Keating. Nine studies reported in the book are then abstracted…

Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 3, No. 9, September 1969.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holland, Wade B., Ed.

The issue features articles and photographs of computers displayed at the Automation-69 Exhibition in Moscow, especially the Mir-1 and Ruta-110. Also discussed are the Doza analog computer for radiological dosage; 'on-the-fly' output printers; other ways to increase computer speed and productivity; and the planned ultra-high-energy 1000-Bev…

Knowledge Management, Codification and Tacit Knowledge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kimble, Chris

2013-01-01

Introduction: This article returns to a theme addressed in Vol. 8(1) October 2002 of the journal: knowledge management and the problem of managing tacit knowledge. Method: The article is primarily a review and analysis of the literature associated with the management of knowledge. In particular, it focuses on the works of a group of economists who…

Widening Cultural Horizons: Recommended Approaches to Intercultural Education. Curriculum Bulletin No. 339. Vol. XXXII.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dixon, R. Joseph; Van Til, William

American schools need to encourage better human relations among Americans of varied racial, religious, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds, according to the authors. They list useful strategies to encourage true integration, a list that they compiled from a review of integration approaches used historically. They surveyed the literature on…

Operational Maneuver and Fires: A Role for Naval Forces in Land Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-05-15

34 Military Review, (February 1983), 13-34. Drury , M.T., "Naval Strike Warfare and the Outer Battle." Naval Forces, Vol.VII, (1986), 46-49. Fedyszn...Fort Leavenworth, KS., June 1987. Martin, Cormander Colin L., "Tomahawk Technology and the Maritime Strategy." Paper, Naval War College, Newport, RI

A Review of Australian Investigations on Aeronautical Fatigue during the Period April 1981 to March 1983.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-03-01

13. Jeffery, G.B. Plane stress and plane strain in bipolar co-ordinates. Royal Society of London, Phil . Trans. Series A, Vol. 221, 1921, pp 265-293...Commerce Central Library .../cont. DISTRIBUTfION (CONTD.) Statutory &State Authorities and Industry Ccuimonwealth Aircraft Corporation, Mr R.C. Beckett

Nationality Politics in the Soviet Union: At Last, a Subject of Serious Scholarship in the US

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

Arens, Olavi, Book review: Rei , August, The Drama of the Baltic Peoples (Stockholm: Kirjastus Vaba Eesti, 1970), 384pp, Bulletin of Baltic Studies, Vol...1940-1980 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983) EE. Nodel, Emanuel, Estonia: Nation on the Anvil (New York: Bookman Astor , Inc, 1963) FF

Development of a Design Technology for Ground Support for Tunnels in Soil : Vol. I. Time Dependent Response Due to Consolidation in Clays

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1983-02-01

The report presents an investigation of the phenomenon of tunnel related movements, due to consolidation in clayey or silty soils, as a result of dissipation of excess pore pressures induced during construction. A review of field data showing time de...

Stress Management for Sport.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zaichkowsky, Leonard D., Ed.; Sime, Wesley E., Ed.

Included in this volume are papers on stress management in athletics; eight of the ten papers are followed with a "Coach's Reaction": (1) "Competitive Athletic Stress Factors in Athletes and Coaches" (Walter Kroll); (2) "Mental Preparation for Peak Performance in Swimmers" (Eugene F. Gauron)--Coach's Reaction by Suzi…

75 FR 65663 - Gilbert Eugene Johnson, M.D.; Revocation of Registration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-26

... administering of controlled or narcotic drugs''; and (3) Respondent ``prescribed, dispensed or administered controlled substances or narcotic drugs in excess of the amount considered good medical practice or prescribed, dispensed or administered controlled substances or narcotic drugs without medical need.'' Id. at...

Payload Isolation System for Launch Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-03-01

Payload Isolation System for Launch Vehicles Paul S. Wilke, Conor D. Johnson CSA Engineering Palo Alto, CA Eugene R. Fosness Air Force Phillips ... Laboratory , PL/VTVD Kirkland AFB, NM Spie Smart Structures and Materials San Diego, CA March 1997 Copyright 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation

Eugene Munroe: The Lepidopterist, 1919-2008

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Gene Munroe was the acknowledged authority on the Pyraloidea worldwide for many decades; for nearly three decades, he was one of the few people publishing in the Pyraloidea. Gene's contribution to the systematic knowledge of Pyraloidea includes over 170 research papers and to this day is unparallel...

Astronaut John Young during final suiting operations for Apollo 10 mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1969-01-01

Astronaut John W. Young, Apollo 10 command module pilot, jokes with Donald K. Slayton (standing left), Director of Flight Crew Operations, Manned Spacecraft Center, during Apollo 10 suiting up operations. On couch in background is Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan, lunar module pilot.

The EmX Franklin Corridor BRT project evaluation : final report, April 2009.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-04-01

Lane Transit District began BRT service on its Franklin Corridor EmX in January 14, 2007. The four mile long route connects downtown Eugene and downtown Springfield, the two main hubs for LTDs system. The corridor, which has the greatest ridership...

Dialogue on Dialogic Pedagogy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matusov, Eugene; Miyazaki, Kiyotaka

2014-01-01

In September 2011 in Rome at the International Society for Cultural and Activity Research conference, Eugene Matusov (USA), Kiyotaka Miyazaki (Japan), Jayne White (New Zealand), and Olga Dysthe (Norway) organized a symposium on Dialogic Pedagogy. Formally during the symposium and informally after the symposium several heated discussions started…

Analysis of Over-the-Horizon Tactical Communications in an Immature Theater

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-13

frequency bands, capacity, costs, and mobility, the research examines both alternate portions of the electromagnetic spectrum and rising technologies...IMMATURE THEATER, by Major Samuel Eugene Sinclair, 75 pages. This qualitative research in the field of over-the-horizon (OTH) voice communications

Notable Mexican American Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ford, Judith

This paper describes the careers of four notable Mexican American women, including their educational and family backgrounds, achievements, and importance as role models for young Hispanic women. Marie Acosta-Colon's political activism began as a college student volunteering for presidential candidate Eugene McCarthy in 1968. Active in political…

Second Language Learning by Young Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California Child Development Programs Advisory Committee, Sacramento.

Six papers presented at a conference on early childhood first and second language acquisition sponsored by the California state legislature's Child Development Programs Advisory Committee include: "Bilingual Development and the Education of Bilingual Children During Early Childhood" (Eugene E. Garcia); "An English-Only Preschool Program" (William…

APOLLO X - CREW TRAINING

NASA Image and Video Library

1969-06-03

S69-35503 (June 1969) --- Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan (left), lunar module pilot of the Apollo 10 lunar orbit mission, confers with astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin Jr. during an Apollo 10 postflight de-briefing session. Aldrin is the lunar module pilot of the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission.

Distributed Database Control and Allocation. Volume 2. Performance Analysis of Concurrency Control Algorithms.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-10-01

Concurrency Control Algorithms Computer Corporation of America Wente K. Lin, Philip A. Bernstein, Nathan Goodman and Jerry Nolte APPROVED FOR PUBLIC ...84 03 IZ 004 ’KV This report has been reviewed by the RADC Public Affairs Office (PA) an is releasable to the National Technical Information Service...NTIS). At NTIS it will be releasable to the general public , including foreign na~ions. RADC-TR-83-226, Vol II (of three) has been reviewed and is

Liberation and containment: re-visualising the eugenic and evolutionary ideal of the "Fizkul'turnitsa" in 1944.

PubMed

Simpson, Pat

2011-01-01

In July 1944 cross-country races and parades of physical culturists were prominently used to celebrate Soviet liberation from German occupation. While journalistic accounts stressed the manly health and vigour of the victorious Red Army, press photographs in Pravda and Red Sport, and Aleksandr Deneika's monumental painting 'Liberation', emphasised images of the young female physical culturist. This essay explores what a contextualised analysis of these images may have to tell historians about the connections between women, physical culture and liberation being projected. The argument suggests that, on one level, the images straightforwardly symbolised and celebrated the liberation of the Soviet 'Motherland'. On another, more complex level, the images represented a particularly nuanced notion of constricted liberation for Soviet women deriving from 1920s eugenic and evolutionary discourse, inscribed into the contemporary imperative for engagement with physical culture as a necessary stage of healthful body discipline on the path to hygienic and successful motherhood.