Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-26

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. NASA and contractor personnel who conducted the DIME activity with the students. Shown (L-R) are: Daniel Dietrich (NASA) mentor for Sycamore High School team), Carol Hodanbosi (National Center for Microgravity Research; DIME staff), Jose Carrion (GRC Akima, drop tower technician), Dennis Stocker (NASA; DIME staff), Richard DeLombard (NASA; DIME staff), Sandi Thompson (NSMR sabbatical teacher; DIME staff), Peter Sunderland (NCMR, mentor for COSI Academy student team), Adam Malcolm (NASA co-op student; DIME staff). This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Flight Testing an Integrated Synthetic Vision System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kramer, Lynda J.; Arthur, Jarvis J., III; Bailey, Randall E.; Prinzel, Lawrence J., III

2005-01-01

NASA's Synthetic Vision Systems (SVS) project is developing technologies with practical applications to eliminate low visibility conditions as a causal factor to civil aircraft accidents while replicating the operational benefits of clear day flight operations, regardless of the actual outside visibility condition. A major thrust of the SVS project involves the development/demonstration of affordable, certifiable display configurations that provide intuitive out-the-window terrain and obstacle information with advanced pathway guidance for transport aircraft. The SVS concept being developed at NASA encompasses the integration of tactical and strategic Synthetic Vision Display Concepts (SVDC) with Runway Incursion Prevention System (RIPS) alerting and display concepts, real-time terrain database integrity monitoring equipment (DIME), and Enhanced Vision Systems (EVS) and/or improved Weather Radar for real-time object detection and database integrity monitoring. A flight test evaluation was jointly conducted (in July and August 2004) by NASA Langley Research Center and an industry partner team under NASA's Aviation Safety and Security, Synthetic Vision System project. A Gulfstream GV aircraft was flown over a 3-week period in the Reno/Tahoe International Airport (NV) local area and an additional 3-week period in the Wallops Flight Facility (VA) local area to evaluate integrated Synthetic Vision System concepts. The enabling technologies (RIPS, EVS and DIME) were integrated into the larger SVS concept design. This paper presents experimental methods and the high level results of this flight test.

Voices from the Sweatshops: A Glimpse of American Women through the Writing of a Dime Novel.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chilcoat, George W.

1990-01-01

Presents a class activity that uses the dime novel in a critical mode as an avenue to increase student's knowledge of the concepts and themes of women's experiences during the nineteenth century. Provides background of the dime novel. Asks students to compose their own dime novel, and provides a student handout that outlines the process. (RW)

Arcing and its role in PFC erosion and dust production in DIII-D

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudakov, D. L.; Chrobak, C. P.; Doerner, R. P.; Krasheninnikov, S. I.; Moyer, R. A.; Umstadter, K. R.; Wampler, W. R.; Wong, C. P. C.

2013-07-01

Two types of arc tracks are observed on the plasma-facing components (PFCs) in DIII-D. "Unmagnetized" random walk tracks are produced during glow discharges; they are rare and have no importance for PFC erosion but may degrade diagnostic mirrors. "Magnetized" scratch-like type II tracks are produced by unipolar arcs during plasma operations; they are formed by "retrograde BxJ" motion of the cathode spot and are roughly perpendicular to the local magnetic field. Type II arcs cause measurable erosion of graphite, but based on the evidence available they are relatively small contributors to the total erosion of carbon in DIII-D compared to other mechanisms such as physical and chemical sputtering and ablation from leading edges. Erosion by arcing of tungsten films deposited on graphite samples was observed in Divertor Material Evaluation System (DiMES) experiments. New DiMES experiments aimed at time-resolved arc measurements are proposed.

Student-Designed Fluid Experiment for DIME Competition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Student-designed and -built apparatus for the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

DIME Students Preparing Their Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Students prepare to load fluids in their experiment apparatus during the Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

DIME Participants Prepare Experiment Rig

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Students prepare their experiment apparatus for free-fall during the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

DIME Participant Preparing Experiment Rig

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Students prepare to load fluids in their experiment apparatus during the Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

DIME Students Share Comments About Experiments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Students discuss fine points of their final design for the drop tower experiment during the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

DIME Fluid Payload on Student Platform

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Colored oil flow toy was part of a student-designed apparatus used in the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

Development of three-dimensional integrated microchannel-electrode system to understand the particles' movement with electrokinetics

PubMed Central

Obara, H.; Sapkota, A.; Takei, M.

2016-01-01

An optical transparent 3-D Integrated Microchannel-Electrode System (3-DIMES) has been developed to understand the particles' movement with electrokinetics in the microchannel. In this system, 40 multilayered electrodes are embedded at the 2 opposite sides along the 5 square cross-sections of the microchannel by using Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems technology in order to achieve the optical transparency at the other 2 opposite sides. The concept of the 3-DIMES is that the particles are driven by electrokinetic forces which are dielectrophoretic force, thermal buoyancy, electrothermal force, and electroosmotic force in a three-dimensional scope by selecting the excitation multilayered electrodes. As a first step to understand the particles' movement driven by electrokinetic forces in high conductive fluid (phosphate buffer saline (PBS)) with the 3-DIMES, the velocities of particles' movement with one pair of the electrodes are measured three dimensionally by Particle Image Velocimetry technique in PBS; meanwhile, low conductive fluid (deionized water) is used as a reference. Then, the particles' movement driven by the electrokinetic forces is discussed theoretically to estimate dominant forces exerting on the particles. Finally, from the theoretical estimation, the particles' movement mainly results from the dominant forces which are thermal buoyancy and electrothermal force, while the velocity vortex formed at the 2 edges of the electrodes is because of the electroosmotic force. The conclusions suggest that the 3-DIMES with PBS as high conductive fluid helps to understand the three-dimensional advantageous flow structures for cell manipulation in biomedical applications. PMID:27042247

Components and Quality Measures of DIME (Devitalized Tissue, Infection/Inflammation, Moisture Balance, and Edge Preparation) in Wound Care

PubMed Central

Snyder, Robert J.; Fife, Caroline; Moore, Zena

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: To discuss how patient considerations and the initial wound environment can affect wound treatment and summarize the way in which the initial US Wound Registry measures capture aspects of the DIME (Debridement/devitalized tissue, Infection or inflammation, Moisture balance, and wound Edge preparation/wound depth) principles. DISCUSSION: The treatment of chronic wounds often involves extended hospital stays and long-term outpatient follow-up visits with costly advanced therapeutic interventions. As complex care is required for chronic wounds, treatment guidelines such as DIME have evolved to include consideration of patient-centered concerns and etiology, as well as features of wound bed preparation. The US healthcare system is in the midst of transitioning to a quality-based system. However, as wound care is not yet a recognized specialty, it is poorly represented in the current approved quality-based measures. CONCLUSION: This article helps to identify the practice guidelines that are not currently represented by quality metrics. PMID:27089149

DIME Students Waiting for Their Turn to Drop Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Students pause while waiting their turn at the 2.2-second Drop Tower during the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

DIME Students Discuss Final Drop Tower Experiment Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Students discuss fine points of their final design for the Drop Tower experiment during the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

Student-Designed Fluid Experiment for DIME Competition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Test tubes to hold different types of fluids while in free-fall were among the student-designed items for the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

DIME Participant Prepares Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

A Bay High School team member prepares the oil and water samples for their next drop operation as part of the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

DIME Participant Builds a Potential Drop Tower Candidate

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

A student assembles a Lego (TM) Challenge device designed to operate in the portable drop tower demonstrator as part of the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

NASA Test Conductor Monitoring DIME competition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

A NASA test conductor at the top of the 2.2-second Drop Tower monitors a student lecture at a lower level. This was part of the Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

40 CFR 721.9516 - Siloxanes and silicones, 3-[(2-aminoethyl) amino]propyl Me, di-Me, reaction products with...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-aminoethyl) amino]propyl Me, di-Me, reaction products with polyethylene-polypropylene glycol Bu glycidal..., reaction products with polyethylene-polypropylene glycol Bu glycidal ether. (a) Chemical substance and... silicones, 3-[(2-aminoethyl) amino]propyl Me, di-Me, reaction products with polyethylene-polypropylene...

40 CFR 721.9516 - Siloxanes and silicones, 3-[(2-aminoethyl) amino]propyl Me, di-Me, reaction products with...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...-aminoethyl) amino]propyl Me, di-Me, reaction products with polyethylene-polypropylene glycol Bu glycidal..., reaction products with polyethylene-polypropylene glycol Bu glycidal ether. (a) Chemical substance and... silicones, 3-[(2-aminoethyl) amino]propyl Me, di-Me, reaction products with polyethylene-polypropylene...

DIME Students Witness Test Drop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Students watch a test run on their experiment before the actual drop. They designed and built their apparatus to fit within a NASA-provided drop structure. This was part of the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

DIME Students Show Off their Lego(TM) Challenge Creation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Two students show the Lego (TM) Challenge device they designed and built to operate in the portable drop tower demonstrator as part of the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

DIME 2002 Participants at Glenn Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Students from the four teams pose in front of he NASA Glenn Administration Building alongside the NASA Glenn Time Capsule. The students participated in the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

Deterrence Impact Modeling Environment (DIME) Proof-of-Concept Test Evaluations and Findings

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

sources of this caution: financial, technical, legal, and ethical . Several current Coast Guard policies complicate ongoing engagement with and assessment...and ethical . There is evidence that several of the stakeholder communities most important to the Coast Guard have not been early adopters of the...self-organization) or longer-term outcomes (such as over-harvesting, regeneration of biodiversity, resilience of an ecological system to human nature

DiME: A Scalable Disease Module Identification Algorithm with Application to Glioma Progression

PubMed Central

Liu, Yunpeng; Tennant, Daniel A.; Zhu, Zexuan; Heath, John K.; Yao, Xin; He, Shan

2014-01-01

Disease module is a group of molecular components that interact intensively in the disease specific biological network. Since the connectivity and activity of disease modules may shed light on the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis and disease progression, their identification becomes one of the most important challenges in network medicine, an emerging paradigm to study complex human disease. This paper proposes a novel algorithm, DiME (Disease Module Extraction), to identify putative disease modules from biological networks. We have developed novel heuristics to optimise Community Extraction, a module criterion originally proposed for social network analysis, to extract topological core modules from biological networks as putative disease modules. In addition, we have incorporated a statistical significance measure, B-score, to evaluate the quality of extracted modules. As an application to complex diseases, we have employed DiME to investigate the molecular mechanisms that underpin the progression of glioma, the most common type of brain tumour. We have built low (grade II) - and high (GBM) - grade glioma co-expression networks from three independent datasets and then applied DiME to extract potential disease modules from both networks for comparison. Examination of the interconnectivity of the identified modules have revealed changes in topology and module activity (expression) between low- and high- grade tumours, which are characteristic of the major shifts in the constitution and physiology of tumour cells during glioma progression. Our results suggest that transcription factors E2F4, AR and ETS1 are potential key regulators in tumour progression. Our DiME compiled software, R/C++ source code, sample data and a tutorial are available at http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~szh/DiME. PMID:24523864

DIME Students Participate in SCUBA Lesson Spring 2002

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

In addition to drop tower activities, students assembled a plastic pipe structure underwater in a SCUBA exercise similar to training astronauts receive at NASA Johnson Space Center. This was part of the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

On Target to Mars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cheng, Yang

2007-01-01

This viewgraph presentation reviews the use of Descent Image Motion Estimation System (DIMES) for the descent of a spacecraft onto the surface of Mars. In the past this system was used to assist in the landing of the MER spacecraft. The overall algorithm is reviewed, and views of the hardware, and views from Spirit's descent are shown. On Spirit, had DIMES not been used, the impact velocity would have been at the limit of the airbag capability and Spirit may have bounced into Endurance Crater. By using DIMES, the velocity was reduced to well within the bounds of the airbag performance and Spirit arrived safely at Mars. Views from Oppurtunity's descent are also shown. The system to avoid and detect hazards is reviewed next. Landmark Based Spacecraft Pinpoint Landing is also reviewed. A cartoon version of a pinpoint landing and the various points is shown. Mars s surface has a large amount of craters, which are ideal landmarks . According to literatures on Martian cratering, 60 % of Martian surface is heavily cratered. The ideal (craters) landmarks for pinpoint landing will be between 1000 to 50 meters in diagonal The ideal altitude for position estimation should greater than 2 km above the ground. The algorithms used to detect and match craters are reviewed.

40 CFR 721.9516 - Siloxanes and silicones, 3-[(2-aminoethyl) amino]propyl Me, di-Me, reaction products with...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Siloxanes and silicones, 3-[(2... Specific Chemical Substances § 721.9516 Siloxanes and silicones, 3-[(2-aminoethyl) amino]propyl Me, di-Me... silicones, 3-[(2-aminoethyl) amino]propyl Me, di-Me, reaction products with polyethylene-polypropylene...

40 CFR 721.10482 - Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me, Me vinyl, hydroxy-terminated, reaction products with silica.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me, Me... Silicones, di-Me, Me vinyl, hydroxy-terminated, reaction products with silica. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified as Siloxanes and Silicones...

40 CFR 721.9516 - Siloxanes and silicones, 3-[(2-aminoethyl) amino]propyl Me, di-Me, reaction products with...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Siloxanes and silicones, 3-[(2... Specific Chemical Substances § 721.9516 Siloxanes and silicones, 3-[(2-aminoethyl) amino]propyl Me, di-Me... silicones, 3-[(2-aminoethyl) amino]propyl Me, di-Me, reaction products with polyethylene-polypropylene...

40 CFR 721.10482 - Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me, Me vinyl, hydroxy-terminated, reaction products with silica.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me, Me... Silicones, di-Me, Me vinyl, hydroxy-terminated, reaction products with silica. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified as Siloxanes and Silicones...

40 CFR 721.9516 - Siloxanes and silicones, 3-[(2-aminoethyl) amino]propyl Me, di-Me, reaction products with...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Siloxanes and silicones, 3-[(2... Specific Chemical Substances § 721.9516 Siloxanes and silicones, 3-[(2-aminoethyl) amino]propyl Me, di-Me... silicones, 3-[(2-aminoethyl) amino]propyl Me, di-Me, reaction products with polyethylene-polypropylene...

The March of Dimes and Polio: Lessons in Vaccine Advocacy for Health Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Larsen, Dawn

2012-01-01

The polio vaccine became available in 1955, due almost entirely to the efforts of the March of Dimes. In 1921, Franklin Roosevelt gave a public face to polio and mounted a campaign to prevent it, establishing the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis in 1938. During the Depression, U.S. citizens were asked to contribute one dime. Entertainer…

DIME Participants Working on a Legos(TM) Challenge

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Members from all four teams were mixed into pairs to work on a Lego (TM) Challenge device to operate in the portable drop tower demonstrator (background). These two team members are about to try out their LEGO (TM) creation. This was part of the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

40 CFR 721.10395 - Fatty acids, C14-18 and C16-18 unsatd., polymers with adipic acid and triethanolamine, di-Me...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...., polymers with adipic acid and triethanolamine, di-Me sulfate-quaternized. 721.10395 Section 721.10395... Fatty acids, C14-18 and C16-18 unsatd., polymers with adipic acid and triethanolamine, di-Me sulfate... sulfate-quaternized (PMN P-10-458; CAS No. 1211825-32-9) is subject to reporting under this section for...

40 CFR 721.10395 - Fatty acids, C14-18 and C16-18 unsatd., polymers with adipic acid and triethanolamine, di-Me...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...., polymers with adipic acid and triethanolamine, di-Me sulfate-quaternized. 721.10395 Section 721.10395... Fatty acids, C14-18 and C16-18 unsatd., polymers with adipic acid and triethanolamine, di-Me sulfate... sulfate-quaternized (PMN P-10-458; CAS No. 1211825-32-9) is subject to reporting under this section for...

40 CFR 721.10395 - Fatty acids, C14-18 and C16-18 unsatd., polymers with adipic acid and triethanolamine, di-Me...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...., polymers with adipic acid and triethanolamine, di-Me sulfate-quaternized. 721.10395 Section 721.10395... Fatty acids, C14-18 and C16-18 unsatd., polymers with adipic acid and triethanolamine, di-Me sulfate... sulfate-quaternized (PMN P-10-458; CAS No. 1211825-32-9) is subject to reporting under this section for...

Giving Change When Payment Is Made with a Dime: The Difficulty of Tens and Ones

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chandler, Cynthia C.; Kamii, Constance

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate children's construction of 10s out of the 1s they have already constructed. It was found that, for many younger children, a dime was something different from 10 pennies even though they could say with confidence that a dime was worth 10 cents. As the children grew older, their performance improved.…

"The Down-Trodden Slaves of the Needle," or, The Study of American Women, 1840-1910, through the Writing of a Dime Novel.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chilcoat, George W.

Arranged into four parts, the paper offers practical and motivating techniques for using the dime novel in high school classrooms, particularly in the study of women's history. The first part of the paper describes the historical background of the dime novel that was originally intended to entertain the reading public with fast-paced action, high…

US Africa Command: Paradigm Change for the Combatant Command

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

information operations. 5 The ability to attempt the successfully manage all these elements has been referred to as the DIME Ballet , characterizing...3 U.S. National Security Counsel, National Security Strategy 2006, pp 43. 4Austin Bay, "The DIME Ballet " strategypage. com May 24,2005. http...DIME Ballet " May 24,2005. http://www.strategypage.comlon--point/2005524.aspx. (accessed on February 19, 2009). Eisenhower, Dwight. Presidential

Development and evaluation of masterbody forms for 3- and 6-year-old-child dummies.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-07-01

This study defines and evaluates the size, shape, and mass distribution characteristics of masterbody forms representative of 3-year-old and 6-year-old U.S. children. Based on the author's collective judgment of available data, 98 anthropometric dime...

Fluid Physics

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-08-07

Colored oil flow toy was part of a student-designed apparatus used in the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

Divertor sheath power studies in DIII-D using fixed Langmuir probes and three-dimensional modeling of tile heat flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Donovan, D.; Nygren, R.; Buchenauer, D.; Watkins, J.; Rudakov, D.; Leonard, A.; Wong, C. P. C.; Makowski, M.

2014-04-01

Experimental results are presented from the three-Langmuir probe (LP) diagnostic head of the divertor material evaluation system (DiMES) on DIII-D that confirm the size of the projected current collection area of the LPs, which is essential for properly measuring ion saturation current density (Jsat) and the sheath power transmission factor (SPTF). Also using the 3-LP DiMES head, the hypothesis that collisional effects on plasma density occurring in the magnetic sheath of the tile are responsible for a lower than expected SPTF is tested and deemed not to have a significant impact on the SPTF. Three-dimensional thermal modeling of wall tiles is presented that accounts for lateral heat conduction, temperature dependence of tile material properties and radiative heat loss from the tile surface. This modeling was developed to be used in the analysis of temperature profiles of the divertor embedded thermocouple (TC) array to obtain more accurate interpretations of TC temperature profiles to infer divertor surface heat flux than have previously been accomplished using more basic one-dimensional methods.

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-08-07

A student assembles a Lego (TM) Challenge device designed to operate in the portable drop tower demonstrator as part of the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-08-07

A Bay High School team member prepares the oil and water samples for their next drop operation as part of the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

Coordination geometries of solvated lanthanide(II) ions: Molecular structures of the cationic species [(DIME)[sub 3]Ln][sup 2+] (DIME = diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; Ln[sup 2+] = Sm, Yb), [(DIME)[sub 2]Yb(CH[sub 3]CN)[sub 2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

White, J.P. III; Deng, H.; Boyd, E.P.

1994-04-13

The first lanthanide(II) cationic species with coordination numbers 7,8, and 9 have been structurally characterized. Mercury amalgams of the elemental lanthanides (Ln(Hg) where Ln = Sm, Eu, Yb) cleanly reduce Mn[sub 2](CO)[sub 10] and Co[sub 2](CO)[sub 8] in polydentate ethers to [Mn(CO)[sub 5

Combustion Science

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-08-07

Interior of a combustion experiment apparatus used in the 2.2-second drop tower at NASA's Glenn Research Center. This was shown to students participating in the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-08-07

Two students show the Lego (TM) Challenge device they designed and built to operate in the portable drop tower demonstrator as part of the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-08-07

A NASA test conductor at the top of the 2.2-second Drop Tower monitors a student lecture at a lower level. This was part of the Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-08-08

In addition to drop tower activities, students assembled a plastic pipe structure underwater in a SCUBA exercise similar to training astronauts receive at NASA Johnson Space Center. This was part of the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

Evidence for dose-dependent positively and negatively reinforcing effects of the substance P C-terminal analog DIME-C7.

PubMed

Hasenöhrl, R U; Gerhardt, P; Huston, J P

1990-12-01

Possible positive reinforcing and aversive effects of intraperitoneally (ip) administered substance P (SP) and its C-terminal heptapeptide analog [pGlu5, MePhe8, Sar9]-SP5-11 (DIME-C7) were investigated in rats. The 'conditioned corral preference and avoidance procedure' was used for assessing positive and negative reinforcement. Behavioural testing was conducted in a circular open field consisting of four uniform quadrants equally preferred by the rats prior to drug treatment. On 3 consecutive days, rats received an ip injection of either SP (37 nmol/kg), DIME-C7 (3.7, 7.4, 37, 185 nmol/kg) or vehicle (0.01 M acetic acid in saline) and were placed immediately into their assigned treatment corral. During the test for conditioned corral preference and avoidance, when provided a choice between the four quadrants, rats treated with SP and with the equimolar dose of DIME-C7 (37 nmol/kg) spent significant more time in the drug-paired corral, indicative of positive reinforcing effects. The doses of 3.7 and 7.4 nmol/kg DIME-C7 did not influence the preference behaviour. The high dose of 185 nmol/kg DIME-C7 led to a significant decrease in time spent in the previously drug-paired corral, suggestive of aversive effects of the treatment. Gross locomotor activity was not influenced by either treatment. These results are discussed in the framework of a structure/activity relationship for the reinforcing properties of peripheraly applied SP.

Prenatal Tests for Down Syndrome

MedlinePlus

... Information March of Dimes The March of Dimes Web site has information on Down syndrome, genetic testing, and other birth defects. http://www.modimes.org/pnhec/4439.asp National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Facts About Down Syndrome http://www.nichd.nih. ...

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-08-07

Members from all four teams were mixed into pairs to work on a Lego (TM) Challenge device to operate in the portable drop tower demonstrator (background). These two team members are about to try out their LEGO (TM) creation. This was part of the second Dropping in a Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

Characterization of chemical sputtering using the Mark II DiMES porous plug injector in attached and semi-detached divertor plasmas of DIII-D

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McLean, A. G.; Davis, J. W.; Stangeby, P. C.; Allen, S. L.; Boedo, J. A.; Bray, B. D.; Brezinsek, S.; Brooks, N. H.; Fenstermacher, M. E.; Groth, M.; Haasz, A. A.; Hollmann, E. M.; Isler, R. C.; Lasnier, C. J.; Mu, Y.; Petrie, T. W.; Rudakov, D. L.; Watkins, J. G.; West, W. P.; Whyte, D. G.; Wong, C. P. C.

2009-06-01

An improved, self-contained gas injection system for the divertor material evaluation system (DiMES) on DIII-D has been employed for in situ study of chemical erosion in the tokamak divertor environment. To minimize perturbation to local plasma, the Mark II porous plug injector (PPI) releases methane through a porous graphite surface at the outer strike point at a rate precisely controlled by a micro-orifice flow restrictor to be approximately equal as that predicted for intrinsic chemical sputtering. Effective photon efficiencies resulting from CH 4 are found to be 58 ± 12 in an attached divertor ( ne ˜ 1.5 × 10 13/cm 3, Te ˜ 25 eV, Tsurf ˜ 450 K), and 94 ± 20 in a semi-detached cold divertor ( ne ˜ 6.0 × 10 13/cm 3, Te ˜ 2-3 eV, Tsurf ˜ 350 K). These values are significantly more than previous measurements in similar plasma conditions, indicating the importance of the injection rate and local re-erosion for the integrity of this analysis. The contribution of chemical versus physical sputtering to the source of C + at the target is assessed through simultaneous measurement of CII line, and CD plus CH-band emissions during release of CH 4 from the PPI, then compared with that seen in intrinsic sputtering.

Risk of Lower Extremity Injury in a Military Cadet Population After a Supervised Injury-Prevention Program

PubMed Central

Carow, Scott D.; Haniuk, Eric M.; Cameron, Kenneth L.; Padua, Darin A.; Marshall, Stephen W.; DiStefano, Lindsay J.; de la Motte, Sarah J.; Beutler, Anthony I.; Gerber, John P.

2016-01-01

Context: Specific movement patterns have been identified as possible risk factors for noncontact lower extremity injuries. The Dynamic Integrated Movement Enhancement (DIME) was developed to modify these movement patterns to decrease injury risk. Objective: To determine if the DIME is effective for preventing lower extremity injuries in US Military Academy (USMA) cadets. Design: Cluster-randomized controlled trial. Setting: Cadet Basic Training at USMA. Patients or Other Participants: Participants were 1313 cadets (1070 men, 243 women). Intervention(s): Participants were cluster randomized to 3 groups. The active warm-up (AWU) group performed standard Army warm-up exercises. The DIME groups were assigned to a DIME cadre-supervised (DCS) group or a DIME expert-supervised (DES) group; the former consisted of cadet supervision and the latter combined cadet and health professional supervision. Groups performed exercises 3 times weekly for 6 weeks. Main Outcome Measure(s): Cumulative risk of lower extremity injury was the primary outcome. We gathered data during Cadet Basic Training and for 9 months during the subsequent academic year. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to compare groups. Results: No differences were seen between the AWU and the combined DIME (DCS and DES) groups during Cadet Basic Training or the academic year. During the academic year, lower extremity injury risk in the DES group decreased 41% (relative risk [RR] = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.38, 0.93; P = .02) compared with the DCS group; a nonsignificant 25% (RR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.49, 1.14; P = .18) decrease occurred in the DES group compared with the AWU group. Finally, there was a nonsignificant 27% (RR = 1.27; 95% CI = 0.90, 1.78; P = .17) increase in injury risk during the academic year in the DCS group compared with the AWU group. Conclusions: We observed no differences in lower extremity injury risk between the AWU and combined DIME groups. However, the magnitude and direction of the risk ratios in the DES group compared with the AWU group, although not statistically significant, indicate that professional supervision may be a factor in the success of injury-prevention programs. PMID:25117875

Risk of Lower Extremity Injury in a Military Cadet Population After a Supervised Injury-Prevention Program.

PubMed

Carow, Scott D; Haniuk, Eric M; Cameron, Kenneth L; Padua, Darin A; Marshall, Stephen W; DiStefano, Lindsay J; de la Motte, Sarah J; Beutler, Anthony I; Gerber, John P

2016-11-01

 Specific movement patterns have been identified as possible risk factors for noncontact lower extremity injuries. The Dynamic Integrated Movement Enhancement (DIME) was developed to modify these movement patterns to decrease injury risk.  To determine if the DIME is effective for preventing lower extremity injuries in US Military Academy (USMA) cadets.  Cluster-randomized controlled trial.  Cadet Basic Training at USMA.  Participants were 1313 cadets (1070 men, 243 women).  Participants were cluster randomized to 3 groups. The active warm-up (AWU) group performed standard Army warm-up exercises. The DIME groups were assigned to a DIME cadre-supervised (DCS) group or a DIME expert-supervised (DES) group; the former consisted of cadet supervision and the latter combined cadet and health professional supervision. Groups performed exercises 3 times weekly for 6 weeks.  Cumulative risk of lower extremity injury was the primary outcome. We gathered data during Cadet Basic Training and for 9 months during the subsequent academic year. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to compare groups.  No differences were seen between the AWU and the combined DIME (DCS and DES) groups during Cadet Basic Training or the academic year. During the academic year, lower extremity injury risk in the DES group decreased 41% (relative risk [RR] = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.38, 0.93; P = .02) compared with the DCS group; a nonsignificant 25% (RR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.49, 1.14; P = .18) decrease occurred in the DES group compared with the AWU group. Finally, there was a nonsignificant 27% (RR = 1.27; 95% CI = 0.90, 1.78; P = .17) increase in injury risk during the academic year in the DCS group compared with the AWU group.  We observed no differences in lower extremity injury risk between the AWU and combined DIME groups. However, the magnitude and direction of the risk ratios in the DES group compared with the AWU group, although not statistically significant, indicate that professional supervision may be a factor in the success of injury-prevention programs.

Adaptive Pre-FFT Equalizer with High-Precision Channel Estimator for ISI Channels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoshida, Makoto

We present an attractive approach for OFDM transmission using an adaptive pre-FFT equalizer, which can select ICI reduction mode according to channel condition, and a degenerated-inverse-matrix-based channel estimator (DIME), which uses a cyclic sinc-function matrix uniquely determined by transmitted subcarriers. In addition to simulation results, the proposed system with an adaptive pre-FFT equalizer and DIME has been laboratory tested by using a software defined radio (SDR)-based test bed. The simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the system at a rate of more than 100Mbps can provide a bit error rate of less than 10-3 for a fast multi-path fading channel that has a moving velocity of more than 200km/h with a delay spread of 1.9µs (a maximum delay path of 7.3µs) in the 5-GHz band.

The Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Transverse Impulse Rocket System (TIRS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

SanMartin, Alejandro Miguel; Bailey, Erik

2005-01-01

In a very short period of time the MER project successfully developed and tested a system, TIRS/DIMES, to improve the probability of success in the presence of large Martian winds. The successful development of TIRS/DIMES played a big role in the landing site selection process by enabling the landing of Spirit on Gusev crater, a site of very high scientific interest but with known high wind conditions. The performance of TIRS by Spirit at Gusev Crater was excellent. The velocity prediction error was small and Big TIRS was fired reducing the impact horizontal velocity from approximately 23 meters per second to approximately 11 meters per second, well within the airbag capabilities. The performance of TIRS by Opportunity at Meridiani was good. The velocity prediction error was rather large (approximately 6 meters per second, a less than 2 sigma value, but TIRS did not fire which was the correct action.

Pennies (Nickels and Dimes) from Heaven. Unit Plans.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United States Mint (Dept. of Treasury), Washington, DC.

This unit of study walks early elementary students through the basics of counting and using the smallest U.S. coin denominations (penny, nickel, and dime). The unit provides keywords; recommends subject areas and approximate length of time; poses an essential question or problem; provides a unit introduction; outlines five individual lessons ((1)…

LANL C10.2 Projects in FY13

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Batha, Steven H.; Fincke, James R.; Schmitt, Mark J.

2012-06-07

LANL has two projects in C10.2: Defect-Induced Mix Experiment (DIME) (ongoing, several runs at Omega; NIF shots this summer); and Shock/Shear (tested at Omega for two years; NIF shots in second half of FY13). Each project is jointly funded by C10.2, other C10 MTEs, and Science Campaigns. DIME is investigating 4{pi} and feature-induced mix in spherically convergent ICF implosions by using imaging of the mix layer. DIME prepared for NIF by demonstrating its PDD mix platform on Omega including imaging mid-Z doped layers and defects. DIME in FY13 will focus on PDD symmetry-dependent mix and moving burn into the mixmore » region for validation of mix/burn models. Re-Shock and Shear are two laser-driven experiments designed to study the turbulent mixing of materials. In FY-2012 43 shear and re-shock experimental shots were executed on the OMEGA laser and a complete time history obtained for both. The FY-2013 goal is to transition the experiment to NIF where the larger scale will provide a longer time period for mix layer growth.« less

High-school Student Teams in a National NASA Microgravity Science Competition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

DeLombard, Richard; Hodanbosi, Carol; Stocker, Dennis

2003-01-01

The Dropping In a Microgravity Environment or DIME competition for high-school-aged student teams has completed the first year for nationwide eligibility after two regional pilot years. With the expanded geographic participation and increased complexity of experiments, new lessons were learned by the DIME staff. A team participating in DIME will research the field of microgravity, develop a hypothesis, and prepare a proposal for an experiment to be conducted in a NASA microgravity drop tower. A team of NASA scientists and engineers will select the top proposals and then the selected teams will design and build their experiment apparatus. When completed, team representatives will visit NASA Glenn in Cleveland, Ohio to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower and participate in workshops and center tours. NASA participates in a wide variety of educational activities including competitive events. There are competitive events sponsored by NASA (e.g. NASA Student Involvement Program) and student teams mentored by NASA centers (e.g. For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology Robotics Competition). This participation by NASA in these public forums serves to bring the excitement of aerospace science to students and educators.Researchers from academic institutions, NASA, and industry utilize the 2.2 Second Drop Tower at NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio for microgravity research. The researcher may be able to complete the suite of experiments in the drop tower but many experiments are precursor experiments for spaceflight experiments. The short turnaround time for an experiment's operations (45 minutes) and ready access to experiment carriers makes the facility amenable for use in a student program. The pilot year for DIME was conducted during the 2000-2001 school year with invitations sent out to Ohio- based schools and organizations. A second pilot year was conducted during the 2001-2002 school year for teams in the six-state region of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. The third year for DIME was conducted during the 2002-2003 school year for teams from the fifty United States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. An annual national DIME program is planned for the foreseeable future. Presented in this paper will be a description of DIME, an overview of the planning and execution of such a program, results from the first three years, and lessons learned from the first national competition.

Critical Role of the March of Dimes in the Expansion of Newborn Screening

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howse, Jennifer L.; Weiss, Marina; Green, Nancy S.

2006-01-01

Expansion of newborn screening (NBS) has been driven primarily by a combination of advances in technology and medical treatment, and the sustained advocacy efforts of consumers and voluntary health organizations. The longstanding leadership of the March of Dimes has been credited by many as a critical factor in the expansion and improvement of…

Names Chip Placed on InSight Lander Deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-12-17

A spacecraft specialist in a clean room at Lockheed Martin Space Systems in Denver affixes a dime-size chip onto the lander deck in November 2015. This chip carries 826,923 names, submitted by the public online from all over the world.

The Lebanese Armed Forces Engaging Nahr Al-Bared Palestinian Refugee Camp Using the Instruments of National Power

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-09

organization. Then, the study analyses the use of the Diplomatic, Informational, Military, and Economic instruments of national power (DIME) by the LAF in...Then, the study analyses the use of the Diplomatic, Informational, Military, and Economic instruments of national power (DIME) by the LAF in...56 Economic Element of National Power

Names-to-Mars Chip for InSight Spacecraft

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-12-17

The dime-size microchip in this close-up image carries 826,923 names that will go to Mars on NASA InSight lander. The image was taken in November 2015 inside a clean room at Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, where the lander was built.

F-16XL Ship #2 wing glove close-up, laser cut holes, with dime for scale

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

This June 1995 photograph of a test panel similiar to the one attached to the surface of an F-16XL research aircraft's left wing at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, shows the size of the more than 10 million laser-cut holes in the panel, called a glove, as compared with a dime. Below the titanium panel into which holes are cut is a suction system linked to a compressor. During research flights with the modified, delta-winged F-16XL, the suction system pulled a small part of the boundary layer of air through the glove's porous surface to expand the extent of smooth (laminar) flow. Researchers believe that laminar flow conditions can reduce aerodynamic drag (friction) and contribute to reduced operating costs by improving fuel consumption and lowering aircraft weight. This Supersonic Laminar Flow Control (SLFC) experiment represents a collaborative effort between NASA and aerospace industry (specifically Boeing, Rockwell, and McDonnell Douglas), with Boeing assembling the panel and McDonnell Douglas designing the suction system.

Material for Point Design (final summary of DIME material)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bradley, Paul A.

2014-02-25

These slides summarize the motivation of the Defect Induced Mix Experiment (DIME) project, the “point design” of the Polar Direct Drive (PDD) version of the NIF separated reactant capsule, the experimental requirements, technical achievements, and some useful backup material. These slides are intended to provide much basic material in one convenient location and will hopefully be of some use for subsequent experimental projects.

Special Area Coding Community College District Boundaries on the Los Angeles County DIME File.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kinney, Paul W.; And Others

This report documents the development of three major products: (1) a Los Angeles County Dual Independent Map Encoding (DIME) File to which community college district boundaries have been special area coded; (2) a book-like listing of all house number ranges and street names and the college district and census tract they are found in; and (3) a…

Death by a Thousand Cuts: Micro-Air Vehicles (MAV) in the Service of Air Force Missions

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-04-01

25 Microjets ...based designs need to overcome high operating temperature limitations.67 Microjets A promising, but technically difficult, propulsion and/or power...source is the microjet , a micro-electromechanical system based device about the size of a dime. These devices are based on micro-turbines that are

Quantitative oxygen concentration imaging in toluene atmospheres using Dual Imaging with Modeling Evaluation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ehn, Andreas; Jonsson, Malin; Johansson, Olof; Aldén, Marcus; Bood, Joakim

2013-01-01

Fluorescence lifetimes of toluene as a function of oxygen concentration in toluene/nitrogen/oxygen mixtures have been measured at room temperature using picosecond-laser excitation of the S1-S0 transition at 266 nm. The data satisfy the Stern-Volmer relation with high accuracy, providing an updated value of the Stern-Volmer slope. A newly developed fluorescence lifetime imaging scheme, called Dual Imaging with Modeling Evaluation (DIME), is evaluated and successfully demonstrated for quantitative oxygen concentration imaging in toluene-seeded O2/N2 gas mixtures.

Quantitative oxygen concentration imaging in toluene atmospheres using Dual Imaging with Modeling Evaluation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ehn, Andreas; Jonsson, Malin; Johansson, Olof; Aldén, Marcus; Bood, Joakim

2012-12-01

Fluorescence lifetimes of toluene as a function of oxygen concentration in toluene/nitrogen/oxygen mixtures have been measured at room temperature using picosecond-laser excitation of the S1-S0 transition at 266 nm. The data satisfy the Stern-Volmer relation with high accuracy, providing an updated value of the Stern-Volmer slope. A newly developed fluorescence lifetime imaging scheme, called Dual Imaging with Modeling Evaluation (DIME), is evaluated and successfully demonstrated for quantitative oxygen concentration imaging in toluene-seeded O2/N2 gas mixtures.

Constellation of CubeSats for Realtime Ionospheric E-field Measurements for Global Space Weather

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crowley, G.; Swenson, C.; Pilinski, M.; Fish, C. S.; Neilsen, T. L.; Stromberg, E. M.; Azeem, I.; Barjatya, A.

2014-12-01

Inexpensive and robust space-weather monitoring instruments are needed to fill upcoming gaps in the Nation's ability to meet requirements for space weather specification and forecasting. Foremost among the needed data are electric fields, since they drive global ionospheric and thermospheric behavior, and because there are relatively few ground-based measurements. We envisage a constellation of CubeSats to provide global coverage of the electric field and its variability. The DICE (Dynamic Ionosphere CubeSat Experiment) mission was a step towards this goal, with two identical 1.5U CubeSats, each carrying three space weather instruments: (1) double probe instruments to measure AC and DC electric fields; (2) Langmuir probes to measure ionospheric electron density, and; (3) a magnetometer to measure field-aligned currents. DICE launched in October 2011. DICE was the first CubeSat mission to observe a Storm Enhanced Density event, fulfilling a major goal of the mission. Due to attitude control anomalies encountered in orbit, the DICE electric field booms have not yet been deployed. Important lessons have been learned for the implementation of a spin-stabilized CubeSat, and the design and performance of the Attitude Determination & Control System (ADCS). These lessons are now being applied to the DIME SensorSat, a risk-reduction mission that is capable of deploying flexible electric field booms up to a distance of 10-m tip-to-tip from a 1.5U CubeSat. DIME will measure AC and DC electric fields, and will exceed several IORD-2 threshold requirements. Ion densities, and magnetic fields will also be measured to characterize the performance of the sensor in different plasma environments. We show the utility of a constellation of electric field measurements, describe the DIME SensorSat, and demonstrate how the measurement will meet or exceed IORD requirements. The reduced cost of these sensors will enable constellations that can, for the first time, adequately resolve the spatial and temporal variability in ionospheric electrodynamics. DICE and DIME are collaborations between ASTRA and Space Dynamics Lab/Utah State University.

Symmetry tuning for DIME Campaign

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krasheninnikova, Natalia; Schmitt, Mark; Tregillis, Ian; Bradley, P.; Cobble, J.; Kyrala, G.; Murphy, T.; Obrey, K.; Hsu, S.; Shah, R.; Batha, S.; Craxton, S.; McKenty, P.

2012-10-01

Defect Induced Mix Experiment (DIME) investigates the effects of 4 pi as well as surface feature-driven mix on the directly driven ICF capsule implosion. To minimize the effects of the laser-drive asymmetry, beam pointings, pulse shape, and the energy distribution between the lasers need to be optimized for a particular capsule and shot energy. In support of the DIME experimental campaigns on OMEGA and NIF, symmetry tuning was performed with the rad-hydro code HYDRA. To assess the impact on the symmetry, synthetic radiographs and self-emission images were examined and compared with the experimental results from OMEGA and NIF shots. The dynamics of the capsules imploded under polar direct drive conditions were compared with symmetrically driven ones and the effects of cross-beam transfer and the laser imprinting on the symmetry were also investigated. Work performed by Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy.

The Defect Induced Mix Experiment (DIME) for NIF

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schmitt, Mark J; Bradley, Paul A; Cobble, James A

2012-06-18

LANL will perform two Defect Induced Mix Experiment (DIME) implosion campaigns on NIF in July and September, 2012. This presentation describes the goals for these shots and the experimental configuration and diagnostic set up to collect the appropriate data. The first two-shot campaign will focus on executing polar direct drive (PDD) implosions of plastic CH capsules filled with deuterium gas. Gas filling will be performed through a fill tube at target chamber center. A vanadium backligher foil will provide x-rays to radiograph the last half of the implosion to compare the implosion trajectory with modeling predictions. An equatorial groove inmore » one of the capsules will be present to determine its effect on implosion dynamics. The second DIME campaign will commission and use a spectral imager (MMI) to examine the evolution of thin capsule layers doped with either Ge or Ga at 1.85%. Spectral line emission from these layers will quantify the mix width at the inner shell radius and near an equatorial groove feature.« less

Degraded Operational Environment: Integration of Social Network Infrastructure Concept in a Traditional Military C2 System

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

Communication Applet) UNIGE – D.I.M.E. Using a free application as “MIT APP Inventor” Android Software Development Kit DEGRADED C2 ICCRTS 2013...operate on an Android operating system up-gradable on which will be developed a simplified ACA ( Android Communication Applet) that will call C24U...Server) IP number . . . Portable COTS Devices ACA - C24U ( Android Communication Applet) Sending/receiving SEFL (Simple Exchange

A Multi-wavenumber Theory for Eddy Diffusivities: Applications to the DIMES Region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, R.; Gille, S. T.; McClean, J.; Flierl, G.; Griesel, A.

2014-12-01

Climate models are sensitive to the representation of ocean mixing processes. This has motivated recent efforts to collect observations aimed at improving mixing estimates and parameterizations. The US/UK field program Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES), begun in 2009, is providing such estimates upstream of and within the Drake Passage. This region is characterized by topography, and strong zonal jets. In previous studies, mixing length theories, based on the assumption that eddies are dominated by a single wavenumber and phase speed, were formulated to represent the estimated mixing patterns in jets. However, in spite of the success of the single wavenumber theory in some other scenarios, it does not effectively predict the vertical structures of observed eddy diffusivities in the DIMES area. Considering that eddy motions encompass a wide range of wavenumbers, which all contribute to mixing, in this study we formulated a multi-wavenumber theory to predict eddy mixing rates. We test our theory for a domain encompassing the entire Southern Ocean. We estimated eddy diffusivities and mixing lengths from one million numerical floats in a global eddying model. These float-based mixing estimates were compared with the predictions from both the single-wavenumber and the multi-wavenumber theories. Our preliminary results in the DIMES area indicate that, compared to the single-wavenumber theory, the multi-wavenumber theory better predicts the vertical mixing structures in the vast areas where the mean flow is weak; however in the intense jet region, both theories have similar predictive skill.

An Examination of Tailored Training Offsets on Core Mortarman Skills Acquisition

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-01

e.g., grouping and zeroing a rifle on a range) and a secondary training event (e.g., dime and washer drills). The secondary event is designated as...matching, and true– false. Tests were designed so questions on each version contained matched content. That is, the topic domain addressed by an item...and in focus groups , and captured performance data from multiple sources. The researchers also assisted in developing and evaluating a test of mortar

Into the Curriculum. "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" [and] Aboard the Titanic [and] Summarization [and] Public Speaking [and] Western Vocabulary [and] Acid Tests for the Library Media Center [and] Tasha Tudor, How Does Your Garden Grow? [and]"Baa-a-a-ck" to the Farm.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

School Library Media Activities Monthly, 1995

1995-01-01

Eight curriculum guides are provided for music and social studies; reading/language arts/social studies; reading/language arts; science; science/art; social studies. Objectives, resources, grade level, activity procedures, evaluation and follow-up suggestions are outlined for each activity. (JKP)

On a Slow Roll

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hughes, David

2005-01-01

Satellite navigation and surveillance products and services can cut costs, improve accuracy, expand coverage and enhance safety. But the global transformation of air traffic management (ATM) that satellites and ground augmentation systems have promised is being realized much more slowly than expected. "There are still a lot of nations that could benefit [from satellite navigation and surveillance] that haven't invested dime in new equipment." says Tim Katanik, manager of business development for navigation and landing systems Raytheon. But then things usually move slowly in this industry, he adds.

LUMIS: Land Use Management and Information Systems; coordinate oriented program documentation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

An integrated geographic information system to assist program managers and planning groups in metropolitan regions is presented. The series of computer software programs and procedures involved in data base construction uses the census DIME file and point-in-polygon architectures. The system is described in two parts: (1) instructions to operators with regard to digitizing and editing procedures, and (2) application of data base construction algorithms to achieve map registration, assure the topological integrity of polygon files, and tabulate land use acreages within administrative districts.

Effect of a Lower Extremity Preventive Training Program on Physical Performance Scores in Military Recruits.

PubMed

Peck, Karen Y; DiStefano, Lindsay J; Marshall, Stephen W; Padua, Darin A; Beutler, Anthony I; de la Motte, Sarah J; Frank, Barnett S; Martinez, Jessica C; Cameron, Kenneth L

2017-11-01

Peck, KY, DiStefano, LJ, Marshall, SW, Padua, DA, Beutler, AI, de la Motte, SJ, Frank, BS, Martinez, JC, and Cameron, KL. Effect of a lower extremity preventive training program on physical performance scores in military recruits. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 3146-3157, 2017-Exercise-based preventive training programs are designed to improve movement patterns associated with lower extremity injury risk; however, the impact of these programs on general physical fitness has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare fitness scores between participants in a preventive training program and a control group. One thousand sixty-eight freshmen from a U.S. Service Academy were cluster-randomized into either the intervention or control group during 6 weeks of summer training. The intervention group performed a preventive training program, specifically the Dynamic Integrated Movement Enhancement (DIME), which is designed to improve lower extremity movement patterns. The control group performed the Army Preparation Drill (PD), a warm-up designed to prepare soldiers for training. Main outcome measures were the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) raw and scaled (for age and sex) scores. Independent t tests were used to assess between-group differences. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to control for the influence of confounding variables. Dynamic Integrated Movement Enhancement group participants completed the APFT 2-mile run 20 seconds faster compared with the PD group (p < 0.001), which corresponded with significantly higher scaled scores (p < 0.001). Army Physical Fitness Test push-up scores were significantly higher in the DIME group (p = 0.041), but there were no significant differences in APFT sit-up scores. The DIME group had significantly higher total APFT scores compared with the PD group (p < 0.001). Similar results were observed in multivariable models after controlling for sex and body mass index (BMI). Committing time to the implementation of a preventive training program does not appear to negatively affect fitness test scores.

Recent sheath physics studies on DIII-D

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Watkins, J. G.; Labombard, B.; Stangeby, P. C.; Lasnier, C. J.; McLean, A. G.; Nygren, R. E.; Boedo, J. A.; Leonard, A. W.; Rudakov, D. L.

2015-08-01

A study to examine some current issues in the physics of the plasma sheath has been recently carried out in DIII-D low power Ohmic plasmas using both flush and domed Langmuir probes, divertor Thomson scattering (DTS), an infrared camera (IRTV), and a new calorimeter triple probe assembly mounted on the Divertor Materials Evaluation System (DIMES). The sheath power transmission factor was found to be consistent with the theoretically predicted value of 7 (±2) for low power plasmas. Using this factor, the three heat flux profiles derived from the LP, DTS, and calorimeter diagnostic measurements agree. Comparison of flush and domed Langmuir probes and divertor Thomson scattering indicates that proper interpretation of flush probe data to get target plate density and temperature is feasible and could potentially yield accurate measurements of target plate conditions where the probes are located.

Herpes - resources

MedlinePlus

Genital herpes - resources; Resources - genital herpes ... following organizations are good resources for information on genital herpes : March of Dimes -- www.marchofdimes.org/complications/sexually- ...

LUMIS Interactive graphics operating instructions and system specifications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bryant, N. A.; Yu, T. C.; Landini, A. J.

1976-01-01

The LUMIS program has designed an integrated geographic information system to assist program managers and planning groups in metropolitan regions. Described is the system designed to interactively interrogate a data base, display graphically a portion of the region enclosed in the data base, and perform cross tabulations of variables within each city block, block group, or census tract. The system is designed to interface with U. S. Census DIME file technology, but can accept alternative districting conventions. The system is described on three levels: (1) introduction to the systems's concept and potential applications; (2) the method of operating the system on an interactive terminal; and (3) a detailed system specification for computer facility personnel.

Critical role of the March of Dimes in the expansion of newborn screening.

PubMed

Howse, Jennifer L; Weiss, Marina; Green, Nancy S

2006-01-01

Expansion of newborn screening (NBS) has been driven primarily by a combination of advances in technology and medical treatment, and the sustained advocacy efforts of consumers and voluntary health organizations. The longstanding leadership of the March of Dimes has been credited by many as a critical factor in the expansion and improvement of state NBS programs. From the historic vantage point of four decades of March of Dimes involvement with newborn screening, this report reviews the unique origin of the first newborn screening test, and identifies from this point of origin several of the elements which still define the evolution of advocacy for NBS today. It also documents activities at the federal level and in seven states that have lead to expanded screening for newborns. Advances in NBS technology and medical treatment have informed policy development. Mobilization of volunteers and focused advocacy activities have brought about expansion of screening opportunities for newborns across the United States. But more work is needed. Continued application of the effective strategies identified in this report will help assure that all families have the best possible chance of assuring that their newborns do not have to suffer the complications of conditions that we know can be treated effectively. Copyright (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Software Tools to Support the Assessment of System Health

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Melcher, Kevin J.

2013-01-01

This presentation provides an overview of three software tools that were developed by the NASA Glenn Research Center to support the assessment of system health: the Propulsion Diagnostic Method Evaluation Strategy (ProDIMES), the Systematic Sensor Selection Strategy (S4), and the Extended Testability Analysis (ETA) tool. Originally developed to support specific NASA projects in aeronautics and space, these software tools are currently available to U.S. citizens through the NASA Glenn Software Catalog. The ProDiMES software tool was developed to support a uniform comparison of propulsion gas path diagnostic methods. Methods published in the open literature are typically applied to dissimilar platforms with different levels of complexity. They often address different diagnostic problems and use inconsistent metrics for evaluating performance. As a result, it is difficult to perform a one ]to ]one comparison of the various diagnostic methods. ProDIMES solves this problem by serving as a theme problem to aid in propulsion gas path diagnostic technology development and evaluation. The overall goal is to provide a tool that will serve as an industry standard, and will truly facilitate the development and evaluation of significant Engine Health Management (EHM) capabilities. ProDiMES has been developed under a collaborative project of The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) based on feedback provided by individuals within the aircraft engine health management community. The S4 software tool provides a framework that supports the optimal selection of sensors for health management assessments. S4 is structured to accommodate user ]defined applications, diagnostic systems, search techniques, and system requirements/constraints. One or more sensor suites that maximize this performance while meeting other user ]defined system requirements that are presumed to exist. S4 provides a systematic approach for evaluating combinations of sensors to determine the set or sets of sensors that optimally meet the performance goals and the constraints. It identifies optimal sensor suite solutions by utilizing a merit (i.e., cost) function with one of several available optimization approaches. As part of its analysis, S4 can expose fault conditions that are difficult to diagnose due to an incomplete diagnostic philosophy and/or a lack of sensors. S4 was originally developed and applied to liquid rocket engines. It was subsequently used to study the optimized selection of sensors for a simulation ]based aircraft engine diagnostic system. The ETA Tool is a software ]based analysis tool that augments the testability analysis and reporting capabilities of a commercial ]off ]the ]shelf (COTS) package. An initial diagnostic assessment is performed by the COTS software using a user ]developed, qualitative, directed ]graph model of the system being analyzed. The ETA Tool accesses system design information captured within the model and the associated testability analysis output to create a series of six reports for various system engineering needs. These reports are highlighted in the presentation. The ETA Tool was developed by NASA to support the verification of fault management requirements early in the Launch Vehicle process. Due to their early development during the design process, the TEAMS ]based diagnostic model and the ETA Tool were able to positively influence the system design by highlighting gaps in failure detection, fault isolation, and failure recovery.

Effect of ELMs on deuterium-loaded-tungsten plasma facing components

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Umstadter, K. R.; Rudakov, D. L.; Wampler, W.; Watkins, J. G.; Wong, C. P. C.

2011-08-01

Prior heat pulse testing of plasma facing components (PFCs) has been completed in vacuum environments without the presence of background plasma. Edge localized modes (ELMs) will not be this kind of isolated event and one should know the effect of a plasma background during these transients. Heat-pulse experiments have been conducted in the PISCES-A device utilizing laser heating in a divertor-like plasma background. Initial results indicate that the erosion of PFCs is enhanced as compared to heat pulse or plasma only tests. To determine if the enhanced erosion effect is a phenomena only witnessed in the laboratory PISCES device, tungsten and graphite samples were exposed to plasmas in the lower divertor of the DIII-D tokamak using the Divertor Material Evaluation System (DiMES). Mass loss analysis indicates that materials that contain significant deuterium prior to experiencing a transient heating event will erode faster than those that have no or little retained deuterium.

Performance of V-4Cr-4Ti material exposed to DIII-D tokamak environment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tsai, H.; Chung, H.M.; Smith, D.L.

1997-04-01

Test specimens made with the 832665 heat of V-4Cr-4Ti alloy were exposed in the DIII-D tokamak environment to support the installation of components made of a V-4Cr-4Ti alloy in the radiative divertor of the DIII-D. Some of the tests were conducted with the Divertor Materials Evaluation System (DiMES) to study the short-term effects of postvent bakeout, when concentrations of gaseous impurities in the DIII-D chamber are the highest. Other specimens were mounted next to the chamber wall behind the divertor baffle plate, to study the effects of longer-term exposures. By design, none of the specimens directly interacted with the plasma.more » Preliminary results from testing the exposed specimens indicate only minor degradation of mechanical properties. Additional testing and microstructural characterization are in progress.« less

Infertility - resources

MedlinePlus

Resources - infertility ... The following organizations are good resources for information on infertility : US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- www.cdc/gov/reproductivehealth/infertility March of Dimes -- www.marchofdimes. ...

Breastfeeding - resources

MedlinePlus

Resources - breastfeeding ... The following organizations are good resources for information on breastfeeding and breastfeeding problems : La Leche League International -- www.llli.org March of Dimes -- www.marchofdimes.com Centers ...

Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) contest

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. Here, students from Sycamore High School in Cincinnati, Ohio, help a NASA technician prepare their experiment. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) Contest

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. Sandi Thompson of the National Center for Microgravity Research GRC makes a final adjustment to the drop package. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) Contest

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. Pictured are students from COSI Academy, Columbus, Ohio and their teacher. The other team was from Sycamore High School in Cincinnati, Ohio. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) contest

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. Here, students are briefed by NASA engineer Daniel Dietrich at the top of the drop tower. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) Contest

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. Meredith Mendenhall of Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, Ohio, flips on a tape recorder in preparation for a drop. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) Contest

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. Students from Sycamore High School in Cincinnati, Ohio (girls), and the COSI Academy, Columbus, Ohio (boys), participated. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Genetic Counseling: MedlinePlus Health Topic

MedlinePlus

... Craniosynostosis as a clinical and diagnostic problem: molecular pathology and... Article: GENETICS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Genetic counseling for congenital ... March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation Also in Spanish ...

Spina bifida - resources

MedlinePlus

Resources - spina bifida ... The following organizations are good resources for information on spina bifida : March of Dimes -- www.marchofdimes.org/baby/spina-bifida.aspx National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and ...

Cleft palate - resources

MedlinePlus

Resources - cleft palate ... The following organizations are good resources for information on cleft palate : Cleft Palate Foundation -- www.cleftline.org March of Dimes -- www.marchofdimes.org/complications/cleft-lip-and- ...

Cystic fibrosis - resources

MedlinePlus

Resources - cystic fibrosis ... The following organizations are good resources for information on cystic fibrosis : Cystic Fibrosis Foundation -- www.cff.org March of Dimes -- www.marchofdimes.org/baby/cystic-fibrosis-and- ...

Symmetry Tuning with Cone Powers for Defect Induced Mix Experiment Implosions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krasheninnikova, N.; Schmitt, M.; Murphy, T.; Cobble, J.; Tregillis, I.; Kyrala, G.; Bradley, P.; Hakel, P.; Hsu, S.; Kanzleiter, R.; Obrey, K.; Baumgaertel, J.; Batha, S.; DIME Team

2013-10-01

Recent DIME campaigns have demonstrated the effectiveness of cone power tuning to control the implosion symmetry in PDD configuration. DIME aims to assess the effects of mix on thermonuclear burn during a thin-shell capsule implosion. Plastic shell capsules doped with mid-Z material and filled with 5 atm of DD, are ablatively driven in a PDD laser configuration to a CR of ~7. Time-gated, spectrally and spatially resolved, dopant emission images characterize mix and temperature morphology during the implosion, while neutron diagnostics concurrently give the information about burn. Symmetry should be maintained throughout the implosions to achieve high neutron yield and optimum spectroscopic signal. 2D and 3D computer simulations using code HYDRA were performed to validate and optimize implosion symmetry using cone power tuning. In particular, Omega campaign confirmed P2 tunability with cone powers while experiments on NIF demonstrated that by reducing the energy in polar cones P2 was reduced to <1%. However, during NIF campaigns, self-emission images revealed a complex internal structure around the equator, which was not seen in HYDRA simulations and could be attributed to LPI effects. Subsequent DIME campaigns on NIF were able to eliminate this equatorial feature by reducing the laser drive substantiating the LPI hypothesis. Work performed by LANL under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the USDoE.

Control of mixing hotspots over the vertical turbulent flux in the Southern Ocean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mashayek, Ali; Ferrari, Raffaele; Ledwell, Jim; Merrifield, Sophia; St. Laurent, Louis

2015-11-01

Vertical turbulent mixing in the Southern Ocean is believed to play a role in setting the rate of the ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC), one of the key regulators of the climate system. The extent to which mixing influences the MOC, however, depends on its strength and is still under debate. To address this, a passive tracer was released upstream of the Drake Passage in 2009 as a part of the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES). Vertical dispersion of the tracer was measured in subsequent years to estimate vertical mixing. The inferred effective turbulent diffusivity values have proven larger than those obtained from localized measurements of shear made at various locations along the path of the tracer. While the values inferred from tracer imply a key role played by mixing in setting the MOC, those based on localized measurements suggest otherwise. In this work we employ the tracer data and localized turbulence measurements from DIMES in combination with a high resolution numerical ocean model to investigate whether these discrepancies are the result of different sampling strategies: the microstructure profiles sampled mixing only in a few regions, while the tracer sampled mixing over a much wider area as it spread spatially.

Prenatal Testing: MedlinePlus Health Topic

MedlinePlus

... Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health Start Here Prenatal Tests (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish Prenatal Tests (March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation) Also in Spanish ...

Preliminary results from DIMES: Dispersion in the ACC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balwada, D.; Speer, K.; LaCasce, J. H.; Owens, B.

2012-04-01

The Diapycnal and Isopynal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES) is a CLIVAR process study designed to study mixing in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The experiment includes tracer release, float, and small-scale turbulence components. This presentation will report on some results of the float component, from floats deployed across the ACC in the Southeast Pacific Ocean. These are the first subsurface Lagrangian trajectories from the ACC. Floats were deployed to follow approximately a constant density surface for a period of 1-3 years. To help aid the experimental results virtual floats were advected using AVISO data and basic statistics were derived from both deployed and virtual float trajectories. Experimental design, initial results, comparison to virtual floats and single particle and relative dispersion calculations will be presented.

Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) contest

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. Here students from Sycamore High School in Cincinnati, Ohio, talk with Dr. Dennis Stocker, one of Glenn's lead microgravity scientists, about the uses of the drop tower. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) contest

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. This is the interior of the Sycamore High School (Cincinnati, Ohio) students' experiment to observe the flame spreading on a 100 percent cotton T-shirt under low-g. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Scalar and vector Keldysh models in the time domain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kiselev, M. N.; Kikoin, K. A.

2009-04-01

The exactly solvable Keldysh model of disordered electron system in a random scattering field with extremely long correlation length is converted to the time-dependent model with extremely long relaxation. The dynamical problem is solved for the ensemble of two-level systems (TLS) with fluctuating well depths having the discrete Z 2 symmetry. It is shown also that the symmetric TLS with fluctuating barrier transparency may be described in terms of the vector Keldysh model with dime-dependent random planar rotations in xy plane having continuous SO(2) symmetry. Application of this model to description of dynamic fluctuations in quantum dots and optical lattices is discussed.

Genetics Home Reference: CLN10 disease

MedlinePlus

... Foundation CLIMB: Children Living with Inherited Metabolic Diseases March of Dimes: Neonatal Death The ... Sources for This Page Anderson GW, Goebel HH, Simonati A. Human pathology in NCL. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Nov;1832( ...

March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation

MedlinePlus

... the loop I'M IN 2017 Premature Birth Report Cards See how prematurity affects your state and ... premature birth: The Prematurity Campaign About us Annual report Our work Community impact Global programs Research Need ...

Medicine and Pregnancy

MedlinePlus

... and Prevention MotherToBaby text4baby March of Dimes 4. Report Problems. First, tell your healthcare provider about any ... a reporting form sent to you by mail. Report problems online . What to Report to FDA You ...

Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) contest

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. Here Carol Hodanbosi of the National Center for Microgravity Research and Jose Carrion, a lab mechanic with AKAC, prepare a student experiment package (inside the silver-colored frame) inside the orange-colored drag shield that encloses all experiment hardware. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) contest

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. Here Jose Carrion, a lab mechanic with AKAC, starts the orange-colored drag shield, and the experiment apparatus inside, on the hoist upward to the control station at the top of the drop tower. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Development of a direct in-matrix extraction (DIME) protocol for MALDI-TOF-MS detection of glycated phospholipids in heat-treated food samples.

PubMed

Calvano, Cosima D; De Ceglie, Cristina; Zambonin, Carlo G

2014-09-01

In foodstuffs, one of the main factors inducing modifications in phospholipids (PLs) structure is the heat treatment. Among PLs, only phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylserines, due to their free amino group, can be involved in Maillard reaction and can form adducts with reducing sugars, besides other by-products called advanced glycation end-products. To date, glycated lipid products are less characterized in comparison to proteins. The aim of this work was to develop a novel, rapid and sensitive extraction protocol for the detection and characterization of modified PLs (glycated and oxidized) by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). At first, to investigate the formation of glycated and/or short chain by-products in different classes of PLs, representative standards were heated with or without sugar (lactose or glucose) and subjected to traditional lipid extraction methods as Bligh and Dyer and to the novel direct in matrix extraction (DIME) using 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene as preconcentrating matrix. MALDI-MS analysis in negative ion mode allowed detecting glycation and oxidation products both on fatty acid and glucose moieties. Then, the procedure was successfully applied to different heat-treated and powdered samples (milk powders, pasteurized milk, ultra-high-temperature milk and soy flour) for the detection of modified PLs in complex foods. The currently developed DIME protocol could be a powerful tool for understanding lipid glycation also in biological samples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Reversing urban sprawl : a reclaimability index approach for reviving downtown brownfields.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-03-01

A key step to promoting urban revitalization is the reclamation of abandoned or underutilized contaminated sites, also known as brownfields. : Effective brownfield redevelopment approaches require environmental, socio-economic and urban planning dime...

Fast camera imaging of dust in the DIII-D tokamak

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, J. H.; Rudakov, D. L.; Pigarov, A. Yu.; Smirnov, R. D.; Brooks, N. H.; Muller, S. H.; West, W. P.

2009-06-01

Naturally occurring and injected dust particles are observed in the DIII-D tokamak in the outer midplane scrape-off-layer (SOL) using a visible fast-framing camera, and the size of dust particles is estimated using the observed particle lifetime and theoretical ablation rate of a carbon sphere. Using this method, the lower limit of detected dust radius is ˜3 μm and particles with inferred radius as large as ˜1 mm are observed. Dust particle 2D velocities range from approximately 10 to 300 m/s with velocities inversely correlated with dust size. Pre-characterized 2-4 μm diameter diamond dust particles are introduced at the lower divertor in an ELMing H-mode discharge using the divertor materials evaluation system (DiMES), and these particles are found to be at the lower size limit of detection using the camera with resolution of ˜0.2 cm 2 per pixel and exposure time of 330 μs.

Genetics Home Reference: isodicentric chromosome 15 syndrome

MedlinePlus

... my area? Other Names for This Condition duplication/inversion 15q11 idic(15) inv dup(15) inverted duplication ... syndrome March of Dimes: Chromosomal Conditions Orphanet: Duplication/inversion 15q11 Unique Rare Chromosome Disorder Support Group: Idic( ...

Division Map Exercise (DIME 4.0). Volume 2. Dime Documentation/Model

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-07-01

Table 2-2. Game initialization code. 2-21 .3B90 GOTO 3740 3900 INPUT "I-SINGLE UNIT 2-ALL UNITS 999-STOP", Ch Z7910 IF Ch =999 THEN GOTO 3720 3920 ON Ch ...0 4) 0. 4) 4) C~ W) . L 0. m.4.4 r_0 > .-4 4) 00 Aj-i m 0434o 0 4) .1 4 1-.. CC c & C: CC c -r4 fr Ch 4)0( 00 4) to4 P, u 4 P 0 0 4.&j 4) 430 .C 40...00 U)4 00 U 044 .14-4 004- -.4 c r-4 Wc C 4) C󈧰 c CO 4. c CO w. q.4 co C ix m w4 .4 0 -4 𔃾 -H4 * 4, . u) c~1- C2 C0’- mC CH m’ C O C-44 0 ) C a) 4

Widely tunable and monochromatic terahertz difference frequency generation with organic crystal 2-(3-(4-hydroxystyryl)-5,5-dime-thylcyclohex-2-enylidene) malononitrile

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Pengxiang; Zhang, Xinyuan; Yan, Chao; Xu, Degang; Li, Yin; Shi, Wei; Zhang, Guochun; Zhang, Xinzheng; Yao, Jianquan; Wu, Yicheng

2016-01-01

We report an experimental study on widely tunable terahertz (THz) wave difference frequency generation (DFG) with hydrogen-bonded crystals 2-(3-(4-hydroxystyryl)-5,5-dime-thylcyclohex-2-enylidene) malononitrile (OH1). The organic crystals were pumped by a ˜1.3 μm double-pass KTiOPO4 optical parametric oscillator. A tuning range of 0.02-20 THz was achieved. OH1 crystals offer a long effective interaction length (also high output) for the generation below 3 THz, owing to the low absorption and favorable phase-matching. The highest energy of 507 nJ/pulse was generated at 1.92 THz with a 1.89-mm-thick crystal. Comprehensive explanations were provided, on the basis of theoretical calculations. Cascading phenomenon during the DFG process was demonstrated. The photon conversion efficiency could reach 2.9%.

Widely tunable and monochromatic terahertz difference frequency generation with organic crystal 2-(3-(4-hydroxystyryl)-5,5-dime-thylcyclohex-2-enylidene) malononitrile

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Pengxiang; The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071; Zhang, Xinyuan

2016-01-04

We report an experimental study on widely tunable terahertz (THz) wave difference frequency generation (DFG) with hydrogen-bonded crystals 2-(3-(4-hydroxystyryl)-5,5-dime-thylcyclohex-2-enylidene) malononitrile (OH1). The organic crystals were pumped by a ∼1.3 μm double-pass KTiOPO{sub 4} optical parametric oscillator. A tuning range of 0.02–20 THz was achieved. OH1 crystals offer a long effective interaction length (also high output) for the generation below 3 THz, owing to the low absorption and favorable phase-matching. The highest energy of 507 nJ/pulse was generated at 1.92 THz with a 1.89-mm-thick crystal. Comprehensive explanations were provided, on the basis of theoretical calculations. Cascading phenomenon during the DFG process wasmore » demonstrated. The photon conversion efficiency could reach 2.9%.« less

The Greatest Priority for Genetic Counseling: Effectively Meeting Our Clients’ Needs 2014 NSGC Natalie Weissberger Paul National Achievement Award

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Receipt of the 2014 Natalie Weissberger Paul (NWP) National Achievement Award was a highlight of my career. Thank you to all who nominated me for this prestigious NSGC recognition. I am humbled to join past NWP award winners many of whom are admired mentors, treasured colleagues and friends. I would like to express what a privilege it is to honor Natalie Weissberger Paul for whom this award is named. Twenty-nine years ago I co-edited a volume of the Birth Defects Original Article Series with Natalie summarizing a conference co-funded by the March of Dimes and NSGC (Biesecker et al., 1987). Natalie demonstrated her devotion to children with special needs through her work at the March of Dimes. As such I believe she would concur with the focus of my remarks on the partners in our work: our clients. PMID:27220742

Race and the politics of polio: Warm Springs, Tuskegee, and the March of Dimes.

PubMed

Rogers, Naomi

2007-05-01

The Tuskegee Institute opened a polio center in 1941, funded by the March of Dimes. The center's founding was the result of a new visibility of Black polio survivors and the growing political embarrassment around the policy of the Georgia Warm Springs polio rehabilitation center, which Franklin Roosevelt had founded in the 1920s before he became president and which had maintained a Whites-only policy of admission. This policy, reflecting the ubiquitous norm of race-segregated health facilities of the era, was also sustained by a persuasive scientific argument about polio itself: that Blacks were not susceptible to the disease. After a decade of civil rights activism, this notion of polio as a White disease was challenged, and Black health professionals, emboldened by a new integrationist epidemiology, demanded that in polio, as in American medicine at large, health care should be provided regardless of race, color, or creed.

Genetics Home Reference: RAPADILINO syndrome

MedlinePlus

... 3 links) Health Topic: Bone Diseases Health Topic: Cleft Lip and Palate Health Topic: Hand Injuries and Disorders Genetic and ... Anomaly MalaCards: rapadilino syndrome March of Dimes: Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Orphanet: RAPADILINO syndrome Patient Support and Advocacy Resources ( ...

Medical Research Pays Off for All Americans

MedlinePlus

... the "March of Dimes." It helped develop two vaccines. The first, by Dr. Jonas Salk at the University of Pittsburgh, in 1955, and the second, in 1962, by Dr. Albert Sabin, at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center – have ...

C-Command in the Grammars of Children with High Functioning Autism.

PubMed

Khetrapal, Neha; Thornton, Rosalind

2017-01-01

A recent study questioned the adherence of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) to a linguistic constraint on the use of reflexive pronouns (Principle A) in sentences like Bart's dad is touching himself . This led researchers to question whether children with ASD are able to compute the hierarchical structural relationship of c-command, and raised the possibility that the children rely on a linear strategy for reference assignment. The current study investigates the status of c-command in children with ASD by testing their interpretation of sentences like (1) and (2) that tease apart use of c-command and a linear strategy for reference assignment. The girl who stayed up late will not get a dime or a jewel (C-command)The girl who didn't go to sleep will get a dime or a jewel (Non C-command) These examples both contain negation ( not or did n't ) and disjunction ( or ). In (1), negation c-commands the disjunction phrase, yielding a conjunctive entailment. This gives rise to the meaning that the girl who stayed up late won't get a dime and she won't get a jewel. In (2), negation is positioned inside a relative clause and it does not c-command disjunction. Therefore, no conjunctive entailment follows. Thus, (2) is true if the girl just gets a dime or just a jewel, or possibly both. If children with ASD lack c-command, then (1) will not give rise to a conjunctive entailment. In this case, children might rely on a linear strategy for reference assignment. Since negation precedes disjunction in both (1) and (2), they might be interpreted in a similar manner. Likewise, children who show knowledge of c-command should perform well on sentences governed by Principle A. These hypotheses were tested in experiments with 12 Australian children with HFA, aged 5;4 to 12;7, and 12 typically-developing controls, matched on non-verbal IQ. There was no significant difference in the pattern of responses by children with HFA and the control children on either (1) and (2) or the Principle A sentences. The findings provide preliminary support for the proposal that knowledge of c-command and Principle A is intact in HFA children.

C-Command in the Grammars of Children with High Functioning Autism

PubMed Central

Khetrapal, Neha; Thornton, Rosalind

2017-01-01

A recent study questioned the adherence of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) to a linguistic constraint on the use of reflexive pronouns (Principle A) in sentences like Bart's dad is touching himself. This led researchers to question whether children with ASD are able to compute the hierarchical structural relationship of c-command, and raised the possibility that the children rely on a linear strategy for reference assignment. The current study investigates the status of c-command in children with ASD by testing their interpretation of sentences like (1) and (2) that tease apart use of c-command and a linear strategy for reference assignment. The girl who stayed up late will not get a dime or a jewel (C-command)The girl who didn't go to sleep will get a dime or a jewel (Non C-command) These examples both contain negation (not or didn't) and disjunction (or). In (1), negation c-commands the disjunction phrase, yielding a conjunctive entailment. This gives rise to the meaning that the girl who stayed up late won't get a dime and she won't get a jewel. In (2), negation is positioned inside a relative clause and it does not c-command disjunction. Therefore, no conjunctive entailment follows. Thus, (2) is true if the girl just gets a dime or just a jewel, or possibly both. If children with ASD lack c-command, then (1) will not give rise to a conjunctive entailment. In this case, children might rely on a linear strategy for reference assignment. Since negation precedes disjunction in both (1) and (2), they might be interpreted in a similar manner. Likewise, children who show knowledge of c-command should perform well on sentences governed by Principle A. These hypotheses were tested in experiments with 12 Australian children with HFA, aged 5;4 to 12;7, and 12 typically-developing controls, matched on non-verbal IQ. There was no significant difference in the pattern of responses by children with HFA and the control children on either (1) and (2) or the Principle A sentences. The findings provide preliminary support for the proposal that knowledge of c-command and Principle A is intact in HFA children. PMID:28400740

Genetics Home Reference: popliteal pterygium syndrome

MedlinePlus

... Additional Information & Resources MedlinePlus (1 link) Health Topic: Cleft Lip and Palate Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (1 link) ... InfoSearch: Popliteal pterygium syndrome March of Dimes: Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Orphanet: Popliteal pterygium syndrome Patient Support and Advocacy ...

Erb-Duchenne and Dejerine-Klumpke Palsies

MedlinePlus

... the U.S. and Worldwide NINDS Clinical Trials Related Information Patient Organizations March of Dimes National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) National Rehabilitation Information Center (NARIC) United Brachial Plexus Network See all related ... Publications Parálisis de Erb-Duchenne y Dejerine-Klumpke ...

Genetics Home Reference: isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency

MedlinePlus

... Metabolic Disorders (CLIMB) March of Dimes: Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders The Compassionate Friends GeneReviews (1 link) Isolated Sulfite Oxidase Deficiency ClinicalTrials.gov (1 link) ClinicalTrials.gov Scientific Articles on PubMed (1 link) PubMed OMIM (1 link) ...

Development and applications of 3D-DIVIMP(HC) Monte Carlo impurity modeling code

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mu, Yarong

A self-contained gas injection system for the Divertor Material Evaluation System (DiMES) on DIII-D, the Porous Plug Injector (PPI), has been employed by A. McLean for in-situ study of chemical erosion in the tokamak divertor environment by injection of CH4. The principal contribution of the present thesis is a new interpretive code, 3D-DIVIMP(HC), which has been developed and successfully applied to the interpretation of the CH, C I, and C II emissions measured during the PPI experiments. The two principal types of experimental data which are compared here with 3D-DIVIMP(HC) code modeling are (a) absolute emissivities measured with a high resolution spectrometer, and (b) 2D filtered camera (TV) pictures taken from a view essentially straight down on the PPI. Incorporating the Janev-Reiter database for the breakup reactions of methane molecules in a plasma, 3D-DIVIMP(HC) is able to replicate these measurements to within the combined experimental and database uncertainties. It is therefore concluded that the basic elements of the physics and chemistry controlling the breakup of methane entering an attached divertor plasma have been identified and are incorporated in 3D-DIVIMP(HC).

Stress and Your Health

MedlinePlus

... Stress — Information from MentalHelp.net. Personal Well-Being Survey™ — Assessment you can take to better understand your stress from the HeartMath ® Institute. Stress — Information from Mental Health America. Stress and pregnancy — Fact sheet from the March of Dimes. Sources ...

Library Design on a Dime

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luzius, Jeff

2009-01-01

This article will discuss the renovation and redesign project that took place at Gadsden State Community College's Austin R. Meadows Library. The process will be explained along with lessons learned and things to avoid. In addition, a cost breakdown will be provided. (Contains 2 tables.)

Topographic Enhancement of Vertical Mixing in the Southern Ocean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mashayek, A.; Ferrari, R. M.; Merrifield, S.; St Laurent, L.

2016-02-01

Diapycnal turbulent mixing in the Southern Ocean is believed to play a role in setting the rate of the ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC), an important element of the global climate system. Whether this role is important, however, depends on the strength of this mixing, which remains poorly qualified on global scale. To address this question, a passive tracer was released upstream of the Drake Passage in 2009 as a part of the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES). The mixing was then inferred from the vertical/diapycnal spreading of the tracer. The mixing was also calculated from microstructure measurements of shear and stratification. The diapycnal turbulent mixing inferred from the tracer was found to be an order of magnitude larger than that estimated with the microstructure probes at various locations along the path of the tracer. While the values inferred from tracer imply a key role played by mixing in setting the MOC, those based on localized measurements suggest otherwise. In this work we use a high resolution numerical ocean model of the Drake Passage region sampled in the DIMES experiment to explain that the difference between the two estimates arise from the large values of mixing encountered by the tracer, when it flows close to the bottom topography. We conclude that the large mixing close to the ocean bottom topography is sufficiently strong to play an important role in setting the Southern Ocean branch of the MOC below 2 km.

Turning on a dime: Asymmetric vortex formation in hummingbird maneuvering flight

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ren, Yan; Dong, Haibo; Deng, Xinyan; Tobalske, Bret

2016-09-01

This paper is associated with a video winner of a 2015 APS/DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion Award. The original video is available from the Gallery of Fluid Motion, http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/APS.DFD.2015.GFM.V0088

Saving Millions without Spending a Dime.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raman, Elizabeth

2003-01-01

Describes how the University of Hawaii at Hilo is using the $2.7 million it saved on utility bills during the past 5 years to repay campus energy improvements financed, installed, and maintained by an energy services company; the method is called energy savings performance contracting. (EV)

The Open door: U.S. Grand Strategy from 1787 to 2008

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-12

Command DIME The four Instruments of National Power- Diplomatic, Informational, Military & Economic . NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NSS......wrote, Grand strategy should both calculate and develop the economic resources and man-power of nations in order to sustain the fighting services

Investigation of He-W interactions using DiMES on DIII-D

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doerner, R. P.; Rudakov, D. L.; Chrobak, C. P.; Briesemeister, A. R.; Corr, C.; De Temmerman, G.; Kluth, P.; Lasnier, C. J.; McLean, A. G.; Pace, D. C.; Pitts, R. A.; Schmitz, O.; Thompson, M.; Winters, V.

2016-02-01

Tungsten button samples were exposed to He ELMing H-mode plasma in DIII-D using 2.3 MW of electron cyclotron heating power. Prior to the exposures, the W buttons were exposed to either He, or D, plasma in PISCES-A for 2000 s at surface temperatures of 225-850 °C to create a variety of surfaces (surface blisters, subsurface nano-bubbles, fuzz). Erosion was spectroscopically measured from each DiMES sample, with the exception of the fuzzy W samples which showed almost undetectable WI emission. Post-exposure grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering surface analysis showed the formation of 1.5 nm diameter He bubbles in the surface of W buttons after only a single DIII-D (3 s, ˜150 ELMs) discharge, similar to the bubble layer resulting from the 2000 s. exposure in PISCES-A. No surface roughening, or damage, was detected on the samples after approximately 600 ELMs with energy density between 0.04-0.1 MJ m-2.

Modeling of material erosion and redeposition for dedicated DiMES experiments on DIII-D

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ding, R.; Abrams, T.; Chrobak, C. P.; Guo, H. Y.; Snyder, P. B.; Chan, V. S.; Rudakov, D. L.; Stangeby, P. C.; Elder, J. D.; Tskhakaya, D.; Wampler, W. R.; Kirschner, A.; McLean, A. G.

2015-11-01

Erosion and redeposition of plasma facing materials is a key issue for high-power, long pulse tokamak operation. A series of experiments has been carried out on DIII-D in which well-characterized samples of different materials were exposed to divertor plasma using DiMES. Such experiments provide a good benchmark for PMI codes, such as ERO. It was found that the erosion and redeposition are strongly determined by the impurity content in the plasma and sheath properties near the surface. The principal experimental results (net erosion rate and profile, net/gross erosion ratio) are reproduced by ERO simulations to within the uncertainties, indicating that the controlling physics has likely been identified. New techniques suggested by modeling such as external biasing and local gas injection for suppressing material erosion are planned to be tested in DiMES/DIII-D experiments. Work supported by US DOE DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC04-94AL85000, DE-AC52-07NA27344.

Voltage Sensors Monitor Harmful Static

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2009-01-01

A tiny sensor, small enough to be worn on clothing, now monitors voltage changes near sensitive instruments after being created to alert Agency workers to dangerous static buildup near fuel operations and avionics. San Diego s Quasar Federal Systems received a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract from Kennedy Space Center to develop its remote voltage sensor (RVS), a dime-sized electrometer designed to measure triboelectric changes in the environment. One of the unique qualities of the RVS is that it can detect static at greater distances than previous devices, measuring voltage changes from a few centimeters to a few meters away, due to its much-improved sensitivity.

Comparison of Sheath Power Transmission Factor for Neutral Beam Injection and Electron Cyclotron Heated Discharges in DIII-D

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Donovan, D. C.; Buchenauer, D. A.; Watkins, J. G.; Leonard, A. W.; Lasnier, C. J.; Stangeby, P. C.

2011-10-01

The sheath power transmission factor (SPTF) is examined in DIII-D with a new IR camera, a more thermally robust Langmuir probe array, fast thermocouples, and a unique probe configuration on the Divertor Materials Evaluation System (DiMES). Past data collected from the fixed Langmuir Probes and Infrared Camera on DIII-D have indicated a SPTF near 1 at the strike point. Theory indicates that the SPTF should be approximately 7 and cannot be less than 5. SPTF values are calculated using independent measurements from the IR camera and fast thermocouples. Experiments have been performed with varying levels of electron cyclotron heating and neutral beam power. The ECH power does not involve fast ions, so the SPTF can be calculated and compared to previous experiments to determine the extent to which fast ions may be influencing the SPTF measurements, and potentially offer insight into the disagreement with the theory. Work supported in part by US DOE under DE-AC04-94AL85000, DE-FC02-04ER54698, and DE-AC52-07NA27344.

Hole at Telegraph Peak Drilled by Mars Rover Curiosity

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-02-25

This hole, with a diameter slightly smaller than a U.S. dime, was drilled by NASA Curiosity Mars rover into a rock target called Telegraph Peak. The rock is located within the basal layer of Mount Sharp. The hole was drilled on Feb. 24, 2015.

TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF AQUIFER REMEDIATION INFLUENCED BY SORPTION NONEQUILIBRIUM AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY HETEROGENEITY

EPA Science Inventory

A computational model was developed to simulate aquifer remediation by pump and treat for a confined, perfectly stratified aquifer. A split-operator finite element numerical technique was utilized to incorporate flow field heterogeneity and nonequilibrium sorption into a two-dime...

ESP and LSD on the CIA's dime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Whitaker, Andrew

2012-08-01

Any reader who expects David Kaiser's new book about quantum-information theory to be an orthodox treatise will be disabused by the book's front cover, which depicts a naked man standing on his head, his modesty retained by a bright yellow, strategically superimposed image of a nucleus in a Bohr-type atom.

Electronic Money.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schilling, Tim

Thirty years ago a cashless society was predicted for the near future; paper currency and checks would be an antiquated symbol of the past. Consumers would embrace a new alternative for making payments: electronic money. But currency is still used for 87% of payments, mainly for "nickel and dime" purchases. And checks are the payment…

Nice Voices Are a Dime a Dozen.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hollahan, Patricia Welting

1979-01-01

To succeed in today's competitive opera world, a singer needs--in addition to a good voice--personality, acting ability, good appearance, musicianship, language facility, versatility, and experience. Especially important are sight reading skills, care of the voice, and the ability to express emotion. Part of a theme issue on opera. (Author/SJL)

Drug Synthesis and Analysis on a Dime: A Capstone Medicinal Chemistry Experience for the Undergraduate Biochemistry Laboratory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Streu, Craig N.; Reif, Randall D.; Neiles, Kelly Y.; Schech, Amanda J.; Mertz, Pamela S.

2016-01-01

Integrative, research-based experiences have shown tremendous potential as effective pedagogical approaches. Pharmaceutical development is an exciting field that draws heavily on organic chemistry and biochemistry techniques. A capstone drug synthesis/analysis laboratory is described where biochemistry students synthesize azo-stilbenoid compounds…

Big-Time Fundraising for Today's Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levenson, Stanley

2006-01-01

In this enlightening book, nationally recognized author and fundraising consultant Stanley Levenson shows school leaders how to move away from labor-intensive, nickel-and-dime bake sales and car washes, and into the world of big-time fundraising. Following the model used by colleges and universities, the author presents a wealth of practical…

Making Constructive Simulations Relevant for Today’s Fight

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-08

Afghanistan. Dr. Michael Vlahos , a member of the National Security Assessment team of the National Security Analysis Department (NSAD) at the Johns Hopkins...www.carlisle.army.mil/DIME/documents/Szepesy%5B1%5D.pdf (accessed February 23, 2010). 20 13 Michael Vlahos , Culture’s Mask: War & Change after Iraq (Laurel

An Analogy Using Pennies and Dimes to Explain Chemical Kinetics Concepts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cortes-Figueroa, Jose E.; Perez, Wanda I.; Lopez, Jose R.; Moore-Russo, Deborah A.

2011-01-01

In this article, the authors present an analogy that uses coins and graphical analysis to teach kinetics concepts and resolve pseudo-first-order rate constants related to transition-metal complexes ligand-solvent exchange reactions. They describe an activity that is directed to upper-division undergraduate and graduate students. The activity…

75 FR 65669 - Notice of Information Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-26

... INFORMATION: I. Abstract DIME & WING are components of a NASA competition program which allows teams to design and build a science experiment which will then be operated in a NASA microgravity drop tower facility. Teams of 4 students are selected to come to GRC and drop their experiment and will be required to...

75 FR 54189 - Notice of Information Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-03

... INFORMATION: I. Abstract DIME & WING are components of a NASA competition program which allows teams to design and build a science experiment which will then be operated in a NASA microgravity drop tower facility. Teams of 4 students are selected to come to GRC and drop their experiment and will be required to...

March of Dimes Commemorative Coin Act of 2011

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Sen. Hagan, Kay R. [D-NC

2011-12-01

Senate - 12/01/2011 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.3187, which became Public Law 112-209 on 12/18/2012. Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

No Strings Attached

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drozdowski, Mark J.

2008-01-01

Everyone knows it takes money to make money (although not necessarily to earn it), and that certainly applies to development departments. The cost of raising money can be significant; even the most streamlined operations spend about a dime to raise a dollar, and most spend closer to a quarter. For some, the cost is downright embarrassing. It…

Collection Development "Budget Decorating": Decorating Cents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kumaran, Maha

2008-01-01

Home decorating is a popular idea these days as seen in the rise of cable television channels like TLC and HGTV (Home & Garden Television) and TV shows like "Trading Spaces, Take This House and Sell It, Design on a Dime, Decorating Cents," and many others. Throughout history, humans have always expressed the desire to personalize and beautify…

SI NMNH - Jellyfish Romance - Setting the Scene

Science.gov Websites

at least one species, Copula sivickisi (originally described as Carybdea sivickisi), has a more sivickisi medusae are probably not the animals that come to mind when one pictures a jellyfish. They are study were between four millimeters and ten millimeters across (smaller than a dime), and they can

On Strategy: Integration of DIME in the Twenty-First Century

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-02-12

over time. Israel 12 destroyed Egypt’s capacity to wage war which along with other factors led to the peace treaty signed at Camp David . But hearts...description of its effectiveness and how the Sister Cities concept works see, Rolf Cremer , Anne De Bruin and Ann Dupuis, “International Sister-Cities

Making It (or Not) on a Dime in College: Implications for Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hornak, Anne M.; Farrell, Patricia L.; Jackson, Natalie J.

2010-01-01

This longitudinal, mixed-method study explores how the financial burdens of college attendance impact student involvement and experiences throughout the first year of college. The student participants at 4 Midwestern, public universities were engaged to describe their experiences throughout their first year as they navigated a complex and…

Teen Pregnancy Prevention: Grassroots Efforts in Orange County.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hemenway, Callista Lee

In 1979, a March of Dimes task force investigation in Orange County, California found a direct correlation between the rising number of low birth weight babies and the rising number of births to teens. Sparked by this investigation, the Coalition Concerned with Adolescent Pregnancy (CCAP), an independent non-profit agency, was formed. CCAP's…

Progress Toward Modeling Spectroscopic Signatures of Mix on Omega and NIF

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tregillis, I. L.; Schmitt, M. J.; Hsu, S. C.; Wysocki, F. J.; Cobble, J. A.; Murphy, T. J.

2011-10-01

Defect-induced mix processes may degrade the performance of ICF and ICF-like targets at Omega and NIF. An improved understanding of the relevant physics requires an experimental program built on a foundation of radiation-hydrodynamic simulations plus reliable synthetic diagnostic outputs. To that end, the Applications of Ignition (AoI) and Defect Implosion Experiment (DIME) efforts at LANL have focused on directly driven plastic capsules containing high-Z dopants and manufactured with an equatorial ``trench'' defect. One of the key diagnostic techniques for detecting and diagnosing the migration of dopant material into the hot core is Multi-Monochromatic X-ray Imaging (MMI). This talk will focus on recent efforts to model spectroscopic signatures of mix processes in AoI/DIME capsules via simulated MMI-type diagnostic instruments. It will also include data from recent Omega shots and calculations in support of Tier 1 experiments at NIF in FY2012. This work is supported by US DOE/NNSA, performed at LANL, operated by LANS LLC under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.

Development of Surface Eroding Thermocouples in DIII-D

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ren, Jun; Donovan, David; Watkins, Jon; Wang, Huiqian; Rudakov, Dmitry; Murphy, Christopher; Unterberg, Ezekial; Thomas, Dan; Boivin, Rejean

2017-10-01

The Surface Eroding Thermocouple (SETC) is a specialized diagnostic for characterizing the surface temperature evolution with a high temporal resolution ( 1ms) which is especially useful in areas unobservable by line-of-sight diagnostics (e.g. IR cameras). Recently, SETCs were tested in DiMES and successfully acquired temperature signals during strike point sweeps on the lower divertor shelf. We observed that the SETCs have a sub-10 ms time response and is sufficient to resolve ELM heat pulses. Preliminary analysis shows heat fluxes measured by SETCs and IR camera agree within 20%. Comparison of SETCs, calorimeters and Langmuir probe also show good agreement. We plan to implement an array of SETCs embedded in the tiles forming the new DIII-D small angle slot (SAS) divertor. Strategies to improve the SNR of these SETCs through testing in DiMES before the final installation will be discussed. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under DE-SC0016318 (UTK), DE-AC05-00OR22725 (ORNL), DE-FG02-07ER54917 (UCSD), DE-FC02-04ER54698 (GA), DE-AC04-94AL85000 (SNL).

Investigation of He–W interactions using DiMES on DIII-D

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Doerner, R. P.; Rudakov, D. L.; Chrobak, C. P.

Here, tungsten button samples were exposed to He ELMing H-mode plasma in DIII-D using 2.3 MW of electron cyclotron heating power. Prior to the exposures, the W buttons were exposed to either He, or D, plasma in PISCES-A for 2000 s at surface temperatures of 225–850 °C to create a variety of surfaces (surface blisters, subsurface nano-bubbles, fuzz). Erosion was spectroscopically measured from each DiMES sample, with the exception of the fuzzy W samples which showed almost undetectable WI emission. Post-exposure grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering surface analysis showed the formation of 1.5 nm diameter He bubbles in themore » surface of W buttons after only a single DIII-D (3 s, ~150 ELMs) discharge, similar to the bubble layer resulting from the 2000 s. exposure in PISCES-A. No surface roughening, or damage, was detected on the samples after approximately 600 ELMs with energy density between 0.04–0.1 MJ m –2.« less

Investigation of He–W interactions using DiMES on DIII-D

DOE PAGES

Doerner, R. P.; Rudakov, D. L.; Chrobak, C. P.; ...

2016-01-22

Here, tungsten button samples were exposed to He ELMing H-mode plasma in DIII-D using 2.3 MW of electron cyclotron heating power. Prior to the exposures, the W buttons were exposed to either He, or D, plasma in PISCES-A for 2000 s at surface temperatures of 225–850 °C to create a variety of surfaces (surface blisters, subsurface nano-bubbles, fuzz). Erosion was spectroscopically measured from each DiMES sample, with the exception of the fuzzy W samples which showed almost undetectable WI emission. Post-exposure grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering surface analysis showed the formation of 1.5 nm diameter He bubbles in themore » surface of W buttons after only a single DIII-D (3 s, ~150 ELMs) discharge, similar to the bubble layer resulting from the 2000 s. exposure in PISCES-A. No surface roughening, or damage, was detected on the samples after approximately 600 ELMs with energy density between 0.04–0.1 MJ m –2.« less

KSC-99pp1035

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-07-21

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- This photograph shows two mercury dimes that were found inside the recently recovered Liberty Bell 7 Project Mercury capsule. Thirty-eight years ago, the capsule made a successful 16-minute suborbital flight, with astronaut Virgil "Gus" Grissom aboard, and splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean. A prematurely jettisoned hatch caused the capsule to flood and a Marine rescue helicopter was unable to lift it. It quickly sank to a three-mile depth. Grissom was rescued but his spacecraft remained lost on the ocean floor, until now. In an expedition sponsored by the Discovery Channel, underwater salvage expert Curt Newport fulfilled a 14-year dream in finding and, after one abortive attempt, successfully raising the capsule and bringing it to Port Canaveral. The dimes had apparently been placed in the capsule before its launch July 21, 1961. The capsule is being moved to the Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center in Hutchinson, Kansas, where it will be restored for eventual public display. Newport has also been involved in salvage operations of the Space Shuttle Challenger and TWA Flight 800 that crashed off the coast of Long Island, N.Y.

How Much "Cents" Does Your Money Make? Teacher's Guide [and] Student Material.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shell, Dee; Estes, Cynthia

This unit, which contains student materials and teacher's guide, is designed to teach second grade students to count change using pennies, dimes, and nickels. Instructions for students are on a teacher-made taped cassette. A read-along story introduces the unit. Section I reviews money signs and symbols that students need to recognize. Activities…

Sleep Patterns, Mood, Psychomotor Vigilance Performance, and Command Resilience of Watchstanders on the Five and Dime Watchbill

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-02-28

currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 28-02-2015 2. REPORT TYPE...9 E. ANALYTICAL APPROACH .............................................................................. 9 1. Actigraphy Data...Comparison between Normal and Elevated ESS groups . ............................. 34 Table 8. Organizational Commitment, Psychological Safety, and

A Dime a Day: The Possibilities and Limits of Private Schooling in Pakistan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andrabi, Tahir; Das, Jishnu; Khwaja, Asim Ijaz

2008-01-01

The authors of this article state that Pakistan is severely offtrack in its progress toward the Millennium Development Goals relating to education for all. Its educational performance is poor, both in absolute terms and relative to the average income of the country. Pakistan has received global attention because of the widespread perception that…

The Schoolmarm and the Big City Immigrant: The Study of the American Urban Experience through Popular Culture.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chilcoat, George W.

Activities focusing on three popular culture genres of the late nineteenth century--the muckraker magazine, the dime novel, and melodrama--help secondary students appreciate the ethnic diversity, social problems, and social themes of turn-of-the-century urban America. Material is divided into four sections. Following an introduction, the first…

77 FR 42229 - Gruma Corporation, Spina Bifida Association, March of Dimes Foundation, American Academy of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-18

... Academy of Pediatrics, Royal DSM N.V., and National Council of La Raza; Filing of Food Additive Petition... Raza had jointly filed a petition proposing that the food additive regulations be amended to provide... corrected to read ``Director, Office of Food Additive Safety, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition...

Teaching Children How To Handle Money.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKitric, Eloise J.

The process of money management should be taught as soon as the child becomes aware of money, usually as early as ages 3 or 4. At this level, teaching may be in the form of explaining the difference between the value of a nickel and a dime. Money management training often begins with the allocation of an allowance. Parents are advised not to link…

Helping Moms, Saving Babies: Faith-Based Partnerships to Reduce Prematurity in the African American Community

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, LaToya L.

2008-01-01

The March of Dimes, Texas Chapter, partnered with the faith community to pilot Honey Child[SM], a prenatal education program for African American women. The program is designed to combat prematurity, which is the leading cause of death for African American infants. Honey Child uses a spiritual approach to promote prenatal health through…

Analysis of a tungsten sputtering experiment in DIII-D and code/data validation of high redeposition/reduced erosion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wampler, William R.; Brooks, J. N.; Elder, J. D.

2015-03-29

We analyze a DIII-D tokamak experiment where two tungsten spots on the removable DiMES divertor probe were exposed to 12 s of attached plasma conditions, with moderate strike point temperature and density (~20 eV, ~4.5 × 10 19 m –3), and 3% carbon impurity content. Both very small (1 mm diameter) and small (1 cm diameter) deposited samples were used for assessing gross and net tungsten sputtering erosion. The analysis uses a 3-D erosion/redeposition code package (REDEP/WBC), with input from a diagnostic-calibrated near-surface plasma code (OEDGE), and with focus on charge state resolved impinging carbon ion flux and energy. Themore » tungsten surfaces are primarily sputtered by the carbon, in charge states +1 to +4. We predict high redeposition (~75%) of sputtered tungsten on the 1 cm spot—with consequent reduced net erosion—and this agrees well with post-exposure DiMES probe RBS analysis data. As a result, this study and recent related work is encouraging for erosion lifetime and non-contamination performance of tokamak reactor high-Z plasma facing components.« less

Dust remobilization tests in DIII-D divertor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bykov, I.; Rudakov, D.; Moyer, R.; Ratynskaia, S.; Tolias, P.; Deangeli, M.; McLean, A.; Bystrov, K.

2015-11-01

Accumulation of dust on hot surfaces is a safety concern for ITER operation. We studied the life cycle of pre-deposited dust under ITER-relevant conditions by exposing W samples with W, C and Al (surrogate for Be) dust at the outer strike point (OSP) in a few ELMy H-mode discharges using DiMES. The maxima in the dust ejection rate correspond to ELM crashes under both attached and detached OSP conditions, as confirmed by a fast camera monitoring DiMES. SEM mapping of dust before and after exposures shows that >95 % of C and <5 % of metal dust gets remobilized in a few shots. In discharges with detached OSP, remaining Al particles melt and fuse together, forming larger spherical grains. At elevated heat flux with attached OSP, they melt, destruct and fuse with W substrate, which is not thermally affected. In this mode W grains partly melt and adjacent particles can weld together, forming larger asymmetric agglomerates with increased adhesion to the surface. We show that these results are consistent with recent observations from Pilot-PSI. Work supported by the US DOE under DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-07ER54917 and DE-AC52-07NA27344.

More than Nickels and Dimes: The Health Benefits of a Community-Based Lifelong Learning Programme for Older Adults

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Narushima, Miya

2008-01-01

In Canada, as in many countries, public continuing education of the non-vocational general interest type for people in post-work languishes on the margins of political discourse. This case study of one such traditional program for seniors run by a school board in Ontario explores the experiences of older adults and the meanings they attach to…

Focusing America’s National Powers

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-04-14

governments with market economies. 15. SUBJECT TERMS National Security, National Powers, Sources of Power, National Security Council, National Security... Strategy , Six-phased Campaign Plan, JIACG, DIME 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: Unclassified 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 19a. NAME...satisfaction of the requirements of a Master of Science Degree in Joint Campaign Planning and Strategy . The contents of this paper reflect my own

‘Ebony Embers’, ‘Ebony Fire’, ‘Ebony Flame’, ‘Ebony Glow’ and ‘Ebony and Ivory’ Five New Dark-leaved Crape Myrtles

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Ebony Embers’, ‘Ebony Fire’, ‘Ebony Flame’, ‘Ebony Glow’ and ‘Ebony and Ivory’ are cultivars which are predominantly L. indica in heritage that combine persistent black-purple leaves and a range of flower colors with intermediate growth habits. ‘Ebony Embers’ has a vase shaped growth habit with dime...

77 FR 35317 - Gruma Corporation, Spina Bifida Association, March of Dimes Foundation, American Academy of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-13

... Academy of Pediatrics, Royal DSM N.V., and National Council of La Raza; Filing of Food Additive Petition... petition proposing that the food additive regulations be amended to provide for the safe use of folic acid...(b)(5) (21 U.S.C. 348(b)(5))), notice is given that a food additive petition (FAP 2A4796) has been...

A randomised controlled trial for the evaluation of risk for type 2 diabetes in hypertensive patients receiving thiazide diuretics: Diuretics In the Management of Essential hypertension (DIME) study

PubMed Central

Ueda, Shinichiro; Morimoto, Takeshi; Ando, Shin-ichi; Takishita, Shu-ichi; Kawano, Yuhei; Shimamoto, Kazuaki; Ogihara, Toshio; Saruta, Takao

2014-01-01

Objectives Thiazide diuretics are one of the first choice antihypertensives but not optimally utilised because of concerns regarding their adverse effects on glucose metabolism. The Diuretics In the Management of Essential hypertension (DIME) study was designed, for the first time, to assess the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with essential hypertension during antihypertensive treatment with low-dose thiazide diuretics compared to those not treated with diuretics. Design Multicentre, unblinded, pragmatic, randomised, controlled trial with blinded assessment of end points and intention-to-treat analysis that was started in 2004 and finished in 2012. Setting Hypertension clinics at 106 sites in Japan, including general practitioners’ offices and teaching hospitals. Participants Non-diabetic patients with essential hypertension. Interventions Antihypertensive treatment with low-dose thiazide diuretics at 12.5 mg/day of hydrochlorothiazide or equivalent (Diuretics group) or that without thiazide diuretics (No-diuretics group). Main outcome The primary outcome was new onset of type 2 diabetes diagnosed according to WHO criteria and the criteria of Japanese Society of Diabetes. Results 1130 patients were allocated to Diuretics (n=544) or No-diuretics group (n=586). Complete end point information was collected for 1049 participants after a median follow-up of 4.4 years. Diabetes developed in 25 (4.6%) participants in the Diuretics group, as compared with 29 (4.9%) in the No-diuretics group (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.55 to 1.58; p=0.800). Conclusions Antihypertensive treatment with thiazide diuretics at low doses may not be associated with an increased risk for new onset of type 2 diabetes. This result might suggest safety of use of low doses of thiazide diuretics. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00131846. PMID:25031188

Preterm birth research: from disillusion to the search for new mechanisms.

PubMed

Buekens, P; Klebanoff, M

2001-07-01

No intervention has been shown to decrease the rate of preterm birth. There was thus a need for a new research agenda. The new emphasis is on social and biological mechanisms, including the impact on stress of racism and poverty, and gene-environment interactions. New markers are also under study, and pertain mostly to infection and inflammation. The impact on preterm birth of broad contextual factors, such as universal social protection, will need to be explored further. The recent trends toward increased rates of preterm births deserve much attention. New policies and interventions to decrease medically indicated preterm births should be urgently developed and evaluated. The failure to prevent preterm deliveries has been so disappointing that there is a risk that high rates of preterm births will be seen as unavoidable. The research programme launched by March of Dimes is a timely effort to foster new enthusiasm, to test new ideas and to generate new hypotheses.

Assessing XCTD Fall Rate Errors using Concurrent XCTD and CTD Profiles in the Southern Ocean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Millar, J.; Gille, S. T.; Sprintall, J.; Frants, M.

2010-12-01

Refinements in the fall rate equation for XCTDs are not as well understood as those for XBTs, due in part to the paucity of concurrent and collocated XCTD and CTD profiles. During February and March 2010, the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES) conducted 31 collocated 1000-meter XCTD and CTD casts in the Drake Passage. These XCTD/CTD profile pairs are closely matched in space and time, with a mean distance between casts of 1.19 km and a mean lag time of 39 minutes. The profile pairs are well suited to address the XCTD fall rate problem specifically in higher latitude waters, where existing fall rate corrections have rarely been assessed. Many of these XCTD/CTD profile pairs reveal an observable depth offset in measurements of both temperature and conductivity. Here, the nature and extent of this depth offset is evaluated.

The Evolution of Strategic Thought Since September 11, 2001: A Swiss Perspective on Clausewitz, Classical, and Contemporary Theories

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

Defense University Center for Advanced Concepts and Technology, 1996). 9 the use of force. War, of course...however, designed for somewhat different undertaking from those to which the armed forces of America and Britain found themselves committed.”24 In the ...alone; a DIME approach is necessary. The fifth chapter explores selected effects, implications, and consequences for future military operations.

Development of a Method for Predicting Trajectories and Terminal Velocities of Backblast Debris from Small Rockets

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-01

Pagel Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . Page- 3 Section 1- Introduction ...... . . . . . . . . Page󈧒 Section 2 -Model Development...Pae 6 Section 3 ..- Model Usage. .. ............ *Page 25 Section 14 -Model Restrictions. ..... ..... Page 43 Section 5-Conclusions...Ratio ora an dibaicexpanson. 3.5 Dien soless tuiganff versu s Numeru Dimentio nls (2.31).n~L~PO 3 . ahNmbrv rssr ai(for an116 3.7( ) - Dime sio less Sta

Civil & Military Operations: Evolutionary Prep Steps to Pass Smart Power Current Limitations

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

and outcomes – Identifying the best time, place, and method for action – Reduced ambiguity for action application, reduced side effects – Find the...improvements to arrive at increased accuracy, precision, and reduction of un-intended effects . The examples of these streams will demonstrate the...DIME – Diplomatic, Intelligence, Military, and Economic; EBO – Effects Based Operations. 16th International Command and Control Research and

A Look Inside SLAC's Battery Lab

ScienceCinema

Wei Seh, Zhi

2018-01-26

In this video, Stanford materials science and engineering graduate student Zhi Wei Seh shows how he prepares battery materials in SLAC's energy storage laboratory, assembles dime-sized prototype "coin cells" and then tests them to see how many charge-discharge cycles they can endure without losing their ability to hold a charge. Results to date have already set records: After 1,000 cycles, they retain 70 percent of their original charge.

Optical Amplification in 45 Deg - cut BaTiO3

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-12-01

Major Steve Rogers for his help, guidaiice. and inspirational teaching ability. Without his interest and support of research iII the electro-optics field...and most of the equipment used for experimentation. The extensive knowledge atid experience he shared with me was as invaluable as his tremendous...members of the DIME lab for sharing their experience, equipment, and engineering knowledge . I would especially like to thanik Bob Cody, Dave

A Look Inside SLAC's Battery Lab

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wei Seh, Zhi

2014-07-17

In this video, Stanford materials science and engineering graduate student Zhi Wei Seh shows how he prepares battery materials in SLAC's energy storage laboratory, assembles dime-sized prototype "coin cells" and then tests them to see how many charge-discharge cycles they can endure without losing their ability to hold a charge. Results to date have already set records: After 1,000 cycles, they retain 70 percent of their original charge.

The Campaign of 1777: Examination of a Turning Point Using DIME

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-11

databases/ efts /AmArch/IMAGE/.1072 (accessed November 2, 2009). 15 Continental Congress, “Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress, October...province, as also the town stock of ammunition in each town and district . . . 95 52 It is evident, though the Continental Congress began meeting to...affiliated militia forces comprised largely of New England stock . 96 Furthermore, the training and equipment varied between units, and soldiers

Defense Science Board 2006 Summer Study on 21st Century Strategic Technology Vectors, Volume 2: Critical Capabilities and Enabling Technologies

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-02-01

neurosciences , 12 I CH APT ER 2 particularly those analytic elements that create models to assist in understanding individual and...precision geo-location 10. Cause-effect models (environment, infrastructure, socio-cultural, DIME, PMESII) 11. Storytelling , gisting and advanced...sources/TRL 5 Storytelling , gisting and advanced visualization)/TRL 2-5 High fidelity, socio-culturally relevant immersive games, training and mission

Information Operations: Putting the ’I’ Back Into Dime

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-02-01

Texas Early Warning Center 9. Create New York Corporate Warning Network 10. Digital Marshall Plan using residual capability in abandoned satellites... us , and that all raw information—secret, unclassified, operational, logistic—must be brought together across distributed “pits” that are able to...is overt, using methods that do not compromise the integrity or impartiality of the UN, when the information can be shared and become widely known

Spending on DIME Now- Winning Lasting Peace in Afghanistan

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

conditions that enable the insurgency to flourish and thereby facilitate the eventual withdrawal of U.S. soldiers from the country . As a classic...the local tribal structure and language as an ISAF soldier. It seems ironic that developed Western countries with long histories of regional...further occupational training after serving an initial tour in the ANSF is a strong incentive in a literacy- and skill-challenged country like

DiMES Tests of W Leading Edge Power Loading in DIII-D

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nygren, R. E.; Watkins, J. G.; Rudakov, D. L.; Lasnier, C. J.; Pitts, R. A.; Stangeby, P. C.

2015-11-01

In a transient melt experiment in JET, the power to a ~1-mm-high leading edge on a W lamella in the bulk-W outer divertor was lower than expected from the geometry by factors of 5 and 2 for L-mode and H-mode discharges, respectively. We checked this surprising result in DIII-D with 3 W blocks (10 mm square) mounted radially side-by-side in DiMES with leading edges of 0.0, 0.3, 1.0 mm, single null L-mode plasmas, OSP just outside ``0.0'' block, limited scans (NBI+ECH), B-field incident at 1.5° or 2.5°, and viewed, as in JET, from above with 0.2mm/pixel resolution IRTV. Langmuir probes measured parallel power to the target. We compared probe and IR data with a detailed thermal model of the blocks and concluded provisionally that we did not reproduce the power deficit found in JET. Blurred IR images complicated fitting of temperature distributions from the thermal model. We plan an experiment with both L- and H-mode He plasmas before the APS meeting. Supported by US DOE under DE-AC04-94AL85000, 44500007360, DE-AC52-07NA27344, and DE-FC02-04ER54698.

Cardiovascular effects of substance P receptor stimulation in the ventrolateral medullary pressor and depressor areas.

PubMed

Urbanski, R W; Murugaian, J; Krieger, A J; Sapru, H N

1989-07-10

The pressor (VLPA) and the depressor (VLDA) areas in the ventrolateral medulla were identified with the microinjection of L-glutamate (1.77 nmol/site) in artificially ventilated urethane-anesthetized male Wistar rats. Bilateral microinjection of a stable substance P (SP) agonist [pGlu5, MePhe8, Sar9]-SP(5-11)], abbreviated as DiMe, into the VLPA (6-600 pmol/site) produced a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure (BP). The effects on heart rate (HR) were variable. Intravenous pretreatment with a ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine (3.0 mg/kg, i.v.), but not with a vasopressin antagonist, blocked these responses. Similar microinjection of DiMe (6-600 pmol/site) into the VLDA produced a dose-dependent decrease in HR but had no effect on BP levels. The DiMe-induced bradycardic response elicited from the VLDA was blocked by i.v. pretreatment with atropine methylbromide (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.). These findings indicate that there are SP receptors localized on sympathoexcitatory neurons in the VLPA and that SP may be an excitatory neurotransmitter in this area. In the VLDA, the SP receptors appear to be localized on a subpopulation of neurons that affect vagal, but not sympathetic, outflow to the heart.

Second Names Chip is Placed on InSight

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-24

An engineer in the clean room at Lockheed Martin Space in Littleton, Colorado, affixes a dime-size chip onto the lander deck of NASA's InSight spacecraft. This second microchip, contains 1.6 million names submitted by the public to ride along with InSight to Mars. The chip was installed on Jan. 23, 2018. This joins another microchip that was previously installed that included 800,000 names for a grand total of 2.4 million names going to Mars as early as May 5, 2018. Engineers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, put the names onto this tiny 0.3 square inches (8 millimeter-square) silicon wafer microchip using an electron beam to write extremely tiny letters with lines smaller than one one-thousandth the width of a human hair. The dime-size chip is affixed to the InSight lander deck and will remain on Mars forever. Normally used to make high-precision nanometer-scale devices, this technique was also used to write millions of names that were transported on NASA Mars rovers and Orion's first test flight. InSight is the first Mars mission dedicated to study the deep interior of Mars. Its findings will advance understanding of the early history of all rocky planets, including Earth. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA22236

Miniature pulsed vacuum arc plasma gun and apparatus for thin-film fabrication

DOEpatents

Brown, Ian G.; MacGill, Robert A.; Galvin, James E.; Ogletree, David F.; Salmeron, Miquel

1998-01-01

A miniature (dime-size in cross-section) vapor vacuum arc plasma gun is described for use in an apparatus to produce thin films. Any conductive material can be layered as a film on virtually any substrate. Because the entire apparatus can easily be contained in a small vacuum chamber, multiple dissimilar layers can be applied without risk of additional contamination. The invention has special applications in semiconductor manufacturing.

Miniature pulsed vacuum arc plasma gun and apparatus for thin-film fabrication

DOEpatents

Brown, I.G.; MacGill, R.A.; Galvin, J.E.; Ogletree, D.F.; Salmeron, M.

1998-11-24

A miniature (dime-size in cross-section) vapor vacuum arc plasma gun is described for use in an apparatus to produce thin films. Any conductive material can be layered as a film on virtually any substrate. Because the entire apparatus can easily be contained in a small vacuum chamber, multiple dissimilar layers can be applied without risk of additional contamination. The invention has special applications in semiconductor manufacturing. 8 figs.

Red DIME: Dissecting the Bolshevik Liquidation Campaign in the Ferghana Valley Against the Basmachi Resistance

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-22

affairs, declaring it their business to reshape, not just administer, the region.8 At first, the Bolshevik apparatchiks attempted to transform Central...providing an avenue for a breadwinner to feed his family. Simultaneously, this effort assisted the pivotal agriculture rehabilitation agenda, including the...nation. Granted, just about any border design would have been insufficient in dealing with the diverse ethnic composition of the Ferghana Valley

DIME Elements of Jihad

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-22

great gifts in the afterlife for those who fight for Allah, and nothing for those who reject Islam. The Quran promotes the ideas of ―life, death...reward, punishment and the afterlife .‖56 Here the Quran instructs the faithful to ―fight in the way of Allah with total devotion and never contemplate...72 The Quranic philosophy teaches that death is not to be feared because of the richness and rewards of the afterlife . This philosophy gives us

Food Additives Permitted for Direct Addition to Food for Human Consumption; Folic Acid. Final rule.

PubMed

2016-04-15

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or we) is amending the food additive regulations to provide for the safe use of folic acid in corn masa flour. We are taking this action in response to a food additive petition filed jointly by Gruma Corporation, Spina Bifida Association, March of Dimes Foundation, American Academy of Pediatrics, Royal DSM N.V., and National Council of La Raza.

Mobility Performance of Towed and Self-Propelled Artillery and Related Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-01-01

K A means not applicable. (Sheet 5 of 6) (Set5 f6 Table oi (Concluded) Vehicle Characteristics Dimes- NO. Identification sions MIO9AI M107 MI1OE2...A/I *4W 0.,.ArAO.,fl 0 a,..,ntOC..=C a 04fl0040C.AA/ a anaaoaco,, aCCA % 00000 4................4..... 4--------.4 0r,..0o.atCa 4 NNCCSC0N .nrc.. 0

DIMED 86: Discurso dos Media e Ensino a Distancia = Discours des Media et Enseignement a Distance = Media Speech and Distance Teaching. Papers Presented at a Seminar (21st, Algarve, Portugal, March 10-15, 1986).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coelho, Maria Eduarda Leal

Presentations at this seminar on distance education focused on the different types of speech in multimedia presentations which contribute to the elaboration (simulated or substituted) of a situation involving different relationships. In addition to opening and closing remarks by Marcel de Greve and a final report by the Scientific Committee of…

Reduced Net Erosion of High-Z PFC Materials in DIII-D Divertor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudakov, D. L.; Stangeby, P. C.; Elder, J. D.; Wampler, W. R.; Buchenauer, D. A.; Watkins, J. G.; Brooks, J. N.; Hassanein, A.; Sizyuk, T.; Briesemeister, A. R.; McLean, A. G.; Chrobak, C. P.; Guo, H. Y.; Leonard, A. W.; Wong, C. P. C.

2014-10-01

DiMES samples featuring 1 cm and 1 mm diameter W films deposited on a Si substrate were exposed in DIII-D near the attached outer strike point of LSN L-mode discharges. The measured net and gross erosion rates of W, determined from post-mortem ion beam analysis (IBA) of 1 cm and 1 mm samples, were 0.14 and 0.48 nm/s, respectively, giving net/gross erosion ratio of 0.29. REDEP/WBC modeling of this experiment yielded a very close ratio of 0.33. Projection of the modeling results to ITER shows very low net erosion of W. In another experiment Mo-coated samples were exposed with 13CH4 gas injected ~2 cm upstream of DiMES. Reduction of Mo erosion was evidenced in - situ by the suppression of MoI line radiation. Post-mortem IBA showed that the net erosion of Mo was below the measurement resolution of 0.5 nm, corresponding to a rate of <=0.07 nm/s. Compared to the previously measured erosion rates, this constitutes a reduction of more than 10X. Work supported in part the by US DOE under DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-AC04-94AL85000, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC52-07NA27344 & DE-FC02-04ER54698.

RMP effects on the W and C erosion/deposition balance on W test samples in DIII-D

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hinson, E. T.; Frerichs, H.; Schmitz, O.; Evans, T. E.; Guo, H. Y.; Thomas, D. M.; Rudakov, D. L.; Abrams, T.; Unterberg, E. A.; Briesemeister, A.; Lasnier, C. J.; McLean, A. G.; Makowski, M.; Wampler, W. R.; Watkins, J. G.; Wang, H. Q.

2016-10-01

Clear evidence for alteration of the W and C erosion by resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) fields has been obtained in an experiment exposing W-coated DiMES samples in the DIII-D divertor to outer strike point (OSP) sweeps in comparable series of discharges with and without the application of RMP. Gross erosion measurements of W and C during these sweeps using the S/XB method show that the 3-D boundary induced by the RMP significantly alters the erosion rate from DiMES. In particular, application of RMP smooths radial W erosion anisotropy seen for the axisymmetric case, where the W erosion rate for the OSP sweep in the outward direction significantly exceeds the erosion rate observed for the subsequent inward radial sweep over the sample. This finding is likely related to a change in the W/C erosion and redeposition balance in the C-dominated wall environment at DIII-D. Moreover, non-axisymmetric plasma structure on the W sample has to be considered. This challenge will be further examined by comparison of experimental results to EMC3-EIRENE modeling. Work supported by US DOE DE-SC0013911, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FH02-07ER54917, DE-AC05-06OR23100, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC52-07NA27344, and DE-AC04-94AL85000.

Effect of lithium in the DIII-D SOL and plasma-facing surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jackson, G. L.; Chrobak, C. P.; McLean, A. G.; Maingi, R.; Mansfield, D. K.; Roquemore, A. L.; Diwakar, P.; Hassanein, A.; Lietz, A.; Rudakov, D. L.; Sizyuk, T.; Tripathi, J.

2015-08-01

Lithium has been introduced into the DIII-D tokamak, and migration and retention in graphite have been characterized since no lithium was present in DIII-D initially. A new regime with an enhanced edge electron pedestal and H98y2 ⩽ 2 has been obtained with lithium. Lithium deposition was not uniform, but rather preferentially deposited near the strike points, consistent with previous 13C experiments. Edge visible lithium light (LiI) remained well above the previous background during the entire DIII-D campaign, decaying with a 2600 plasma-second e-fold, but plasma performance was only affected on the discharge with lithium injection. Lithium injection demonstrated the capability of reducing hydrogenic recycling, density, and ELM frequency. Graphite and silicon samples were exposed to a lithium-injected discharge, using the DiMES system and then removed for ex-situ analysis. The deposited lithium layer remained detectable to a depth up to 1 μm.

Fixing unfair advantages? Providers hope to see more transparency, networks with Medicare private fee-for-service plans in wake of veto override.

PubMed

Lubell, Jennifer

2008-07-21

The new Medicare law delivers a raft of changes. But physicians are cheering the loudest for the rollback of the 10.6% reimbursement cut and the revamping of Medicare Advantage. "It doesn't make any sense that these private plans are paid 17% more than traditional Medicare and don't have to share a dime with the hospitals or physicians," says Albert Fisk, left, a Washington state physician.

Sediment yields for selected streams in Texas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Welborn, C.T.; Bezant, R. Bryce

1978-01-01

Sediment loads ranged from 1,500 tons per year at the station North Fork Hubbard Creek near Albany to 278,000 tons per year at the station Wichita River at Wichita Falls. Sediment yields ranged from 15 tons per square mile per year in the drainage area of East Yegua Creek near Dime Box to 500 tons per square mile per year in the drainage area of Denton Creek near Justin. Sediment yields from drainage areas generally decrease from northwest to southeast across the State.

Student Drop Tower Competitions: Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) and What If No Gravity? (WING)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, Nancy R.; Stocker, Dennis P.; DeLombard, Richard

2011-01-01

This paper describes two student competition programs that allow student teams to conceive a science or engineering experiment for a microgravity environment. Selected teams design and build their experimental hardware, conduct baseline tests, and ship their experiment to NASA where it is operated in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. The hardware and acquired data is provided to the teams after the tests are conducted so that the teams can prepare their final reports about their findings.

An Examination of the Cultural and Historical Factors That Influence the USA and Her Partners’ Approach to Military Coalitions: Two Sides of the same Dime

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

citizens. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Coalitions, foreign affairs, strategy 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 18. NUMBER OF...satisfaction of the requirements of a Master of Science Degree in Joint Campaign Planning and Strategy . The contents of this paper reflect my own...Study V Evolution – The Emergence of Regional Strategy Chapter 3 - European Historical And Cultural Influences 42 I A Complex DNA. II

3D imaging with a single-aperture 3-mm objective lens: concept, fabrication, and test

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Korniski, Ronald; Bae, Sam Y.; Shearn, Michael; Manohara, Harish; Shahinian, Hrayr

2011-10-01

There are many advantages to minimally invasive surgery (MIS). An endoscope is the optical system of choice by the surgeon for MIS. The smaller the incision or opening made to perform the surgery, the smaller the optical system needed. For minimally invasive neurological and skull base surgeries the openings are typically 10-mm in diameter (dime sized) or less. The largest outside diameter (OD) endoscope used is 4mm. A significant drawback to endoscopic MIS is that it only provides a monocular view of the surgical site thereby lacking depth information for the surgeon. A stereo view would provide the surgeon instantaneous depth information of the surroundings within the field of view, a significant advantage especially during brain surgery. Providing 3D imaging in an endoscopic objective lens system presents significant challenges because of the tight packaging constraints. This paper presents a promising new technique for endoscopic 3D imaging that uses a single lens system with complementary multi-bandpass filters (CMBFs), and describes the proof-of-concept demonstrations performed to date validating the technique. These demonstrations of the technique have utilized many commercial off-the- shelf (COTS) components including the ones used in the endoscope objective.

3D Imaging with a Single-Aperture 3-mm Objective Lens: Concept, Fabrication and Test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Korniski, Ron; Bae, Sam Y.; Shearn, Mike; Manohara, Harish; Shahinian, Hrayr

2011-01-01

There are many advantages to minimally invasive surgery (MIS). An endoscope is the optical system of choice by the surgeon for MIS. The smaller the incision or opening made to perform the surgery, the smaller the optical system needed. For minimally invasive neurological and skull base surgeries the openings are typically 10-mm in diameter (dime sized) or less. The largest outside diameter (OD) endoscope used is 4mm. A significant drawback to endoscopic MIS is that it only provides a monocular view of the surgical site thereby lacking depth information for the surgeon. A stereo view would provide the surgeon instantaneous depth information of the surroundings within the field of view, a significant advantage especially during brain surgery. Providing 3D imaging in an endoscopic objective lens system presents significant challenges because of the tight packaging constraints. This paper presents a promising new technique for endoscopic 3D imaging that uses a single lens system with complementary multi-bandpass filters (CMBFs), and describes the proof-of-concept demonstrations performed to date validating the technique. These demonstrations of the technique have utilized many commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components including the ones used in the endoscope objective.

Evaluating the MMI diagnostic on OMEGA direct-drive shots

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baumgaertel, J. A.; Bradley, P. A.; Cobble, J. A.; Fincke, J.; Hakel, P.; Hsu, S. C.; Kanzleiter, R.; Krasheninnikova, N. S.; Murphy, T. J.; Schmitt, M. J.; Shah, R.; Tregillis, I.; Obrey, K.; Mancini, R. C.; Joshi, T.; Johns, H.; Mayes, D.

2013-10-01

The Defect-Induced Mix Experiment (DIME) project utilized Multiple Monochromatic Imagers (MMI) on symmetric and polar direct-drive shots conducted on the OMEGA laser. The MMI provides spatially and spectrally resolved data of capsule implosions and resultant dopant emissions. The capsules had radii of 430 μm, with CH shells that included an inner layer doped with 1-2 atom % Ti, and a gas fill of 5 atm deuterium. Simulations of the target implosion by codes HYDRA and RAGE are post-processed with self-emission and MMI synthetic diagnostic tools and quantitatively compared to the MMI data to determine the utility of using it for mix model validation. MMI data shows the location of dopants, which are used to diagnose mix. Sensitivities of synthetic MMI images and yield to laser drive and mix levels are explored. Finally, RAGE results, clean and with mix, are compared with time-dependent streak camera data. This work is supported by US DOE/NNSA, performed at LANL, operated by LANS LLC under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.

A Nickel Ain't Worth a Dime Anymore: The Illusion of Money and the Rapid Encoding of Its True Value

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

People often evaluate money based on its face value and overlook its real purchasing power, known as the money illusion. For example, the same 100 Chinese Yuan can buy many more goods in Tibet than in Beijing, but such difference in buying power is usually underestimated. Using event related potential combined with a gambling task, we sought to investigate the encoding of both the real value and the face value of money in the human brain. We found that the self-reported pleasantness of outcomes was modulated by both values. The feedback related negativity (FRN), which peaks around 250ms after feedback and is believed to be generated in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), was only modulated by the true value but not the face value of money. We conclude that the real value of money is rapidly encoded in the human brain even when participants exhibit the money illusion at the behavioral level. PMID:23383044

A nickel ain't worth a dime anymore: the illusion of money and the rapid encoding of its true value.

PubMed

Yu, Rongjun; Huang, Yi

2013-01-01

People often evaluate money based on its face value and overlook its real purchasing power, known as the money illusion. For example, the same 100 Chinese Yuan can buy many more goods in Tibet than in Beijing, but such difference in buying power is usually underestimated. Using event related potential combined with a gambling task, we sought to investigate the encoding of both the real value and the face value of money in the human brain. We found that the self-reported pleasantness of outcomes was modulated by both values. The feedback related negativity (FRN), which peaks around 250ms after feedback and is believed to be generated in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), was only modulated by the true value but not the face value of money. We conclude that the real value of money is rapidly encoded in the human brain even when participants exhibit the money illusion at the behavioral level.

Investigating turbulent mixing rates and the internal wave field in the Southern Ocean: microstructure and finestructure data from DIMES

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheen, K.; Naveira-Garabato, A. C.; Brearley, J. A.

2012-04-01

The principal objective of the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES) is to investigate the role of turbulent mixing in mediating the vertical and horizontal transport of water masses, which shape the overturning circulation. Here, microstructure and finestructure data, collected as part of this multi-component experiment, are presented. Direct observations of turbulent energy dissipation rates show that mid-depth diapycnal diffusivities increase progressively from O(10-5 m2s-1) in the Pacific sector of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) to O(10-4 m2s-1) in the Scotia Sea. Analysis of coincident LADCP and CTD data demonstrates that enhanced turbulent dissipation rates are associated with a more energetic, less inertial internal wave field and increased upward energy propagation. Breaking lee waves, a process enhanced by stronger flow and rougher topography found in the eastern sections, is likely to be a key mechanism in determining the distribution of turbulent mixing in the ACC. Spatially varying discrepancies between the microstructure and finestructure mixing observations indicate regions where wave-wave interaction models break down and internal waves interact with the mean flow. An episodic enhancement of current velocities at 2000 m depth is observed in the northwest Scotia Sea in both LADCP and mooring data. Finestructure analysis indicates that this mid-depth jet has a profound impact of the internal wave field, causing both internal wave reflection and critical layer dissipation.

How much for a dime bag? An exploration of youth drug markets.

PubMed

Harrison, Lana D; Erickson, Patricia G; Korf, Dirk J; Brochu, Serge; Benschop, Annemieke

2007-09-01

Relatively little is known about how youth obtain marijuana and other drugs. The Drugs, Alcohol and Violence International (DAVI) study explored youthful drug markets among samples of school students, detained youth, and school dropouts (ages 14-17 years) in the greater metropolitan areas of Philadelphia, Toronto, Montreal, and Amsterdam. Students frequently reported sharing drugs, either getting them from others or giving them to others for free. Sharing was less common among the more drug-involved detainees and dropouts. Marijuana was typically obtained either outdoors or in a house or apartment. Few youth reported getting marijuana at school. In Amsterdam, where marijuana can be purchased in small quantities in coffeeshops, this was the most common place to get marijuana, even though 18 is the legal age for purchase. Alcohol was also most likely to be obtained in stores or restaurants across all the sites, even though none were of legal age except those in Amsterdam age 16 or older. Youth most often reported purchasing marijuana in nickel, dime or other small bags, which are not standardized units. The exception again was Amsterdam, where youth most often reported quantities in grams or joints, which is how it is sold in coffeeshops. The lack of standardization of units makes economic cost estimates suspect. Even standardized units such as alcohol present problems since youth report a wide range of 'typical purchases.' Survey data can, however, more aptly describe drug market characteristics such as general location of purchase, and relationship with the seller.

Studies on quinolone antibacterials. V. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of chiral 5-amino-7-(4-substituted-3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)-6- fluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methyl-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids and derivatives.

PubMed

Yoshida, T; Yamamoto, Y; Orita, H; Kakiuchi, M; Takahashi, Y; Itakura, M; Kado, N; Yasuda, S; Kato, H; Itoh, Y

1996-07-01

We previously demonstrated that 5-amino-7-(3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl) -1-cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-8-methyl-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (7) has strong in vitro antibacterial activity even against quinolone-resistant bacteria. We examined optimization of the 3-aminopyrrolidine moiety of 7 by introduction of C-alkyl (Me, Et, Pr, di-Me, cyclopropyl) and N-alkyl groups (Me, di-Me). C-Alkylation at the 4-position of the 3-aminopyrrolidine moiety enhanced in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity. (S)-5-Amino-7-(7-amino-5-azaspiro[2.4]hept-5-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-pyr rolidinyl) -1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methyl-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (15b) showed strong antibacterial activity (in vitro antibacterial activity including quinolone-resistant bacteria is 4 times more potent than that of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) (1); in vivo antibacterial activity is 1.5 to 20 times more potent than that of CPFX (1)) and reduced quinolone toxicity (free from both phototoxicity at a dosage of 30 mg/kg in guinea pigs (i.v.) and convulsion when coadministered with 4-biphenylacetic acid at a dosage of 20 micrograms in rats (i.c.v.)). Their selectivity between DNA topoisomerase II (derived from eukaryotic cells) and DNA gyrase (derived from bacterial cells) was about 3000-fold.

Correlation between three-dimentional surface topography and color stability of different nanofilled composites.

PubMed

Öztürk, Elif; Güder, Gizem

2015-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the 3-dimensional (3D) surface topography and color stability of four different resin composites after immersion in different soft-beverages. One hundred sixty disk-shaped specimens (diameter: 10 mm, and thickness: 2 mm) were made from four different resin composites (i.e., Filtek Z550, Tetric N-Ceram, Clearfil Majesty Esthetic, and Cavex Quadrant Universal LC). Each specimen was cured under mylar strips for 20 sec for both top and bottom surfaces. All of the specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 h at 37°C. Surface measurements were carried out using a noncontact 3D-optical-profilometer in terms of surface topography (Ra values). Color measurements of each specimen were performed with Vita Easy Shade system. All the measurements were performed at baseline and after 30 days of immersion in the selected soft-beverages (Redbull, Coca-Cola and Dimes-Lemonade). Control groups were stored in distilled water during the study. Ra values and color changes (ΔE values) of the groups were recorded. The data were statistically analyzed using a one way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests (SPSS 18.0). The tested soft-beverages in the present study caused color changes at a 30-day evaluation period for the tested resin composites (p < 0.05). However, 3D surface topography of resin composites was not influenced by the tested soft-beverages (p > 0.05). There was no significant interaction between the composite and beverage type on the Ra values of the resin composites (p > 0.05). No correlation was found between color stability and 3D surface topography of the resin composites. Color stability of resin composites may be affected by soft beverages. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Rates and mechanisms of turbulent dissipation and mixing in the Southern Ocean: Results from the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheen, K. L.; Brearley, J. A.; Naveira Garabato, A. C.; Smeed, D. A.; Waterman, S.; Ledwell, J. R.; Meredith, M. P.; St. Laurent, L.; Thurnherr, A. M.; Toole, J. M.; Watson, A. J.

2013-06-01

The spatial distribution of turbulent dissipation rates and internal wavefield characteristics is analyzed across two contrasting regimes of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), using microstructure and finestructure data collected as part of the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES). Mid-depth turbulent dissipation rates are found to increase from O>(1×10-10Wkg -1>) in the Southeast Pacific to O>(1×10-9Wkg -1>) in the Scotia Sea, typically reaching 3×10-9Wkg -1 within a kilometer of the seabed. Enhanced levels of turbulent mixing are associated with strong near-bottom flows, rough topography, and regions where the internal wavefield is found to have enhanced energy, a less-inertial frequency content and a dominance of upward propagating energy. These results strongly suggest that bottom-generated internal waves play a major role in determining the spatial distribution of turbulent dissipation in the ACC. The energy flux associated with the bottom internal wave generation process is calculated using wave radiation theory, and found to vary between 0.8 mW m-2 in the Southeast Pacific and 14 mW m-2 in the Scotia Sea. Typically, 10%-30% of this energy is found to dissipate within 1 km of the seabed. Comparison between turbulent dissipation rates inferred from finestructure parameterizations and microstructure-derived estimates suggests a significant departure from wave-wave interaction physics in the near-field of wave generation sites.

Modelling exclusive meson pair production at hadron colliders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harland-Lang, L. A.; Khoze, V. A.; Ryskin, M. G.

2014-04-01

We present a study of the central exclusive production of light meson pairs, concentrating on the region of lower invariant masses of the central system and/or meson transverse momentum, where perturbative QCD cannot be reliably applied. We describe in detail a phenomenological model, using the tools of Regge theory, that may be applied with some success in this regime, and we present the new, publicly available, Dime Monte Carlo (MC) implementation of this for , and production. The MC implementation includes a fully differential treatment of the survival factor, which in general depends on all kinematic variables, as well as allows for the so far reasonably unconstrained model parameters to be set by the user. We present predictions for the Tevatron and LHC, discuss and estimate the size of the proton-dissociative background, and show how future measurements may further test this Regge-based approach, as well as the soft hadronic model required to calculate the survival factor, in particular in the presence of tagged protons.

Molecular regionalization of the developing amphioxus neural tube challenges major partitions of the vertebrate brain.

PubMed

Albuixech-Crespo, Beatriz; López-Blanch, Laura; Burguera, Demian; Maeso, Ignacio; Sánchez-Arrones, Luisa; Moreno-Bravo, Juan Antonio; Somorjai, Ildiko; Pascual-Anaya, Juan; Puelles, Eduardo; Bovolenta, Paola; Garcia-Fernàndez, Jordi; Puelles, Luis; Irimia, Manuel; Ferran, José Luis

2017-04-01

All vertebrate brains develop following a common Bauplan defined by anteroposterior (AP) and dorsoventral (DV) subdivisions, characterized by largely conserved differential expression of gene markers. However, it is still unclear how this Bauplan originated during evolution. We studied the relative expression of 48 genes with key roles in vertebrate neural patterning in a representative amphioxus embryonic stage. Unlike nonchordates, amphioxus develops its central nervous system (CNS) from a neural plate that is homologous to that of vertebrates, allowing direct topological comparisons. The resulting genoarchitectonic model revealed that the amphioxus incipient neural tube is unexpectedly complex, consisting of several AP and DV molecular partitions. Strikingly, comparison with vertebrates indicates that the vertebrate thalamus, pretectum, and midbrain domains jointly correspond to a single amphioxus region, which we termed Di-Mesencephalic primordium (DiMes). This suggests that these domains have a common developmental and evolutionary origin, as supported by functional experiments manipulating secondary organizers in zebrafish and mice.

Molecular regionalization of the developing amphioxus neural tube challenges major partitions of the vertebrate brain

PubMed Central

Albuixech-Crespo, Beatriz; Maeso, Ignacio; Sánchez-Arrones, Luisa; Moreno-Bravo, Juan Antonio; Somorjai, Ildiko; Pascual-Anaya, Juan; Puelles, Eduardo; Bovolenta, Paola; Garcia-Fernàndez, Jordi; Puelles, Luis; Ferran, José Luis

2017-01-01

All vertebrate brains develop following a common Bauplan defined by anteroposterior (AP) and dorsoventral (DV) subdivisions, characterized by largely conserved differential expression of gene markers. However, it is still unclear how this Bauplan originated during evolution. We studied the relative expression of 48 genes with key roles in vertebrate neural patterning in a representative amphioxus embryonic stage. Unlike nonchordates, amphioxus develops its central nervous system (CNS) from a neural plate that is homologous to that of vertebrates, allowing direct topological comparisons. The resulting genoarchitectonic model revealed that the amphioxus incipient neural tube is unexpectedly complex, consisting of several AP and DV molecular partitions. Strikingly, comparison with vertebrates indicates that the vertebrate thalamus, pretectum, and midbrain domains jointly correspond to a single amphioxus region, which we termed Di-Mesencephalic primordium (DiMes). This suggests that these domains have a common developmental and evolutionary origin, as supported by functional experiments manipulating secondary organizers in zebrafish and mice. PMID:28422959

Autonomous Navigation Results from the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maimone, Mark; Johnson, Andrew; Cheng, Yang; Willson, Reg; Matthies, Larry H.

2004-01-01

In January, 2004, the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission landed two rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, on the surface of Mars. Several autonomous navigation capabilities were employed in space for the first time in this mission. ]n the Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) phase, both landers used a vision system called the, Descent Image Motion Estimation System (DIMES) to estimate horizontal velocity during the last 2000 meters (m) of descent, by tracking features on the ground with a downlooking camera, in order to control retro-rocket firing to reduce horizontal velocity before impact. During surface operations, the rovers navigate autonomously using stereo vision for local terrain mapping and a local, reactive planning algorithm called Grid-based Estimation of Surface Traversability Applied to Local Terrain (GESTALT) for obstacle avoidance. ]n areas of high slip, stereo vision-based visual odometry has been used to estimate rover motion, As of mid-June, Spirit had traversed 3405 m, of which 1253 m were done autonomously; Opportunity had traversed 1264 m, of which 224 m were autonomous. These results have contributed substantially to the success of the mission and paved the way for increased levels of autonomy in future missions.

Understanding the operational environment: implications for advanced visualizations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aleva, Denise; Fitzhugh, Elisabeth; Dixon, Sharon

2009-05-01

With the changing character of warfare, information superiority is a high priority. Given the complexity of current and future operating environments, analysts, strategists and planners need a multidimensional understanding of the battlespace. Asymmetric warfare necessitates that our strategists look beyond targets-based operations, where we simply identify and destroy enemy entities. Effects-based operations models the enemy as a system which reacts to our actions. This requires the capability to predict the adversary response to a selected action. Actions may be diplomatic, information, military or economic (DIME). Effects may be political, military, economic, social, information or infrastructure (PMESII). Timing must be explicitly considered and effects dynamically assessed. Visualizations of intelligence information are needed which will promote full understanding of all aspects of adversary strengths and weaknesses by providing the extensive data about adversary forces, organic essentials, infrastructure, leadership, population, and science and technology in an easily accessible and understandable format. This will enhance Effectsbased operations, and therefore, the capability to predict and counter adversary courses of action. This paper outlines a systems engineering approach to designing visualizations which convey the multidimensional information to decision makers. Visualization issues inherent in understanding the multidimensional operational environment will be discussed.

Thermal management of tungsten leading edges in DIII-D

DOE PAGES

Nygren, Richard E.; Rudakov, Dmitry L.; Murphy, Christopher; ...

2017-04-29

The DiMES materials probe exposed tungsten blocks with 0.3 and 1 mm high leading edges to DIII-D He plasmas in 2015 and 2016 viewed with high resolution IRTV. The 1-mm edge may have reached >2400° C in a 3-s shot with a (parallel) heat load of ~50 MW/m 2 and ~10 MW/m 2 on the surface based on modeling. The experiments support ITER. Leading edges were also a concern in the DIII-D Metal Tile Experiment in 2016. Two toroidal rings of divertor tiles had W-coated molybdenum inserts 50 mm wide radially. This study presents data and thermal analyses.

Thermal management of tungsten leading edges in DIII-D

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nygren, Richard E.; Rudakov, Dmitry L.; Murphy, Christopher

The DiMES materials probe exposed tungsten blocks with 0.3 and 1 mm high leading edges to DIII-D He plasmas in 2015 and 2016 viewed with high resolution IRTV. The 1-mm edge may have reached >2400° C in a 3-s shot with a (parallel) heat load of ~50 MW/m 2 and ~10 MW/m 2 on the surface based on modeling. The experiments support ITER. Leading edges were also a concern in the DIII-D Metal Tile Experiment in 2016. Two toroidal rings of divertor tiles had W-coated molybdenum inserts 50 mm wide radially. This study presents data and thermal analyses.

Localization, Localization, Localization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parker, T.; Malin, M.; Golombek, M.; Duxbury, T.; Johnson, A.; Guinn, J.; McElrath, T.; Kirk, R.; Archinal, B.; Soderblom, L.

2004-01-01

Localization of the two Mars Exploration Rovers involved three independent approaches to place the landers with respect to the surface of Mars and to refine the location of those points on the surface with the Mars control net: 1) Track the spacecraft through entry, descent, and landing, then refine the final roll stop position by radio tracking and comparison to images taken during descent; 2) Locate features on the horizon imaged by the two rovers and compare them to the MOC and THEMIS VIS images, and the DIMES images on the two MER landers; and 3) 'Check' and refine locations by acquisition of MOC 1.5 meter and 50 cm/pixel images.

Transdisciplinary translational science and the case of preterm birth

PubMed Central

Stevenson, D K; Shaw, G M; Wise, P H; Norton, M E; Druzin, M L; Valantine, H A; McFarland, D A

2013-01-01

Medical researchers have called for new forms of translational science that can solve complex medical problems. Mainstream science has made complementary calls for heterogeneous teams of collaborators who conduct transdisciplinary research so as to solve complex social problems. Is transdisciplinary translational science what the medical community needs? What challenges must the medical community overcome to successfully implement this new form of translational science? This article makes several contributions. First, it clarifies the concept of transdisciplinary research and distinguishes it from other forms of collaboration. Second, it presents an example of a complex medical problem and a concrete effort to solve it through transdisciplinary collaboration: for example, the problem of preterm birth and the March of Dimes effort to form a transdisciplinary research center that synthesizes knowledge on it. The presentation of this example grounds discussion on new medical research models and reveals potential means by which they can be judged and evaluated. Third, this article identifies the challenges to forming transdisciplines and the practices that overcome them. Departments, universities and disciplines tend to form intellectual silos and adopt reductionist approaches. Forming a more integrated (or ‘constructionist'), problem-based science reflective of transdisciplinary research requires the adoption of novel practices to overcome these obstacles. PMID:23079774

Transdisciplinary translational science and the case of preterm birth.

PubMed

Stevenson, D K; Shaw, G M; Wise, P H; Norton, M E; Druzin, M L; Valantine, H A; McFarland, D A

2013-04-01

Medical researchers have called for new forms of translational science that can solve complex medical problems. Mainstream science has made complementary calls for heterogeneous teams of collaborators who conduct transdisciplinary research so as to solve complex social problems. Is transdisciplinary translational science what the medical community needs? What challenges must the medical community overcome to successfully implement this new form of translational science? This article makes several contributions. First, it clarifies the concept of transdisciplinary research and distinguishes it from other forms of collaboration. Second, it presents an example of a complex medical problem and a concrete effort to solve it through transdisciplinary collaboration: for example, the problem of preterm birth and the March of Dimes effort to form a transdisciplinary research center that synthesizes knowledge on it. The presentation of this example grounds discussion on new medical research models and reveals potential means by which they can be judged and evaluated. Third, this article identifies the challenges to forming transdisciplines and the practices that overcome them. Departments, universities and disciplines tend to form intellectual silos and adopt reductionist approaches. Forming a more integrated (or 'constructionist'), problem-based science reflective of transdisciplinary research requires the adoption of novel practices to overcome these obstacles.

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-26

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. Here, students from Sycamore High School in Cincinnati, Ohio, help a NASA technician prepare their experiment. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-26

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. Students from Sycamore High School in Cincinnati, Ohio (girls), and the COSI Academy, Columbus, Ohio (boys), participated. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-26

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. Meredith Mendenhall of Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, Ohio, flips on a tape recorder in preparation for a drop. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-26

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. Sandi Thompson of the National Center for Microgravity Research GRC makes a final adjustment to the drop package. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-26

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. Here, students are briefed by NASA engineer Daniel Dietrich at the top of the drop tower. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Second Microchip Gets Ready for Launch

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-24

Second dime-size microchip carrying 1.6 million names gets processed for installation onto the InSight lander. Technicians at Lockheed Martin Space in Littleton, Colorado installed a microchip with 1.6 million names submitted by the public to ride along with NASA's InSight mission to Mars. The chip was installed on Jan. 23, 2018. This joins another microchip that was previously installed that included 800,000 names for a grand total of 2.4 million names going to Mars as early as May 5, 2018. The microchip including names from the NASA InSight mission's "Send Your Name to Mars" campaign was affixed to the spacecraft with a special glue. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA22237

Science& Technology Review November 2003

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McMahon, D

2003-11-01

This issue of Science & Technology Review covers the following topics: (1) We Will Always Need Basic Science--Commentary by Tomas Diaz de la Rubia; (2) When Semiconductors Go Nano--experiments and computer simulations reveal some surprising behavior of semiconductors at the nanoscale; (3) Retinal Prosthesis Provides Hope for Restoring Sight--A microelectrode array is being developed for a retinal prosthesis; (4) Maglev on the Development Track for Urban Transportation--Inductrack, a Livermore concept to levitate train cars using permanent magnets, will be demonstrated on a 120-meter-long test track; and (5) Power Plant on a Chip Moves Closer to Reality--Laboratory-designed fuel processor gives powermore » boost to dime-size fuel cell.« less

Reduction of Net Erosion of High-Z Divertor Surface by Local Redeposition in DIII-D

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stangeby, P. C.

2012-10-01

Utilizing the unique capability to expose material samples to well characterized diverted plasmas, recent DIII-D measurements have confirmed theoretical expectations of the relative net and gross erosion rates of molybdenum in the divertor region. Knowledge of these erosion rates is important for predicting first wall lifetime in future fusion devices. Theory suggests that the net erosion rate will be much less than gross erosion due to prompt local deposition of eroded ions by gyro-orbit motion, the strong E-field toward the target and friction with the fast plasma flow toward the target. However, experimental evidence to date has been contradictory. The results here, which are the most definitive to date, are consistent with the basic theoretical predictions. The net and gross erosion rates were measured utilizing 1-cm and 1-mm diameter Mo samples that are mounted on the DIII-D Divertor Material Evaluation System (DiMES) system and simultaneously exposed near the attached outer strike point of an L-mode plasma for 4 s. Due to the spatial extent of the re-deposition, the larger sample gives the net erosion while the smaller sample is indicative of the gross erosion. Post-mortem ion beam analysis (RBS) of the larger sample, indicates a 2.9 nm film thickness reduction (or 0.72 nm/s net erosion rate). Similar analysis of the smaller sample yields a 1.3 nm/s gross erosion rate, consistent with spectroscopic measurements of Mo I emission. The net to gross erosion ratio of 0.56 is consistent with calculations using a modeling package including REDEP/WBS and OEDGE codes. Using as input the measured plasma density and temperature profiles from divertor Langmuir probes, these codes estimate a net to gross erosion ratio of 0.46. Details of the modeling and implications for future devices will be discussed.

Monitoring Mountain Meteorology without Much Money (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lundquist, J. D.

2009-12-01

Mountains are the water towers of the world, storing winter precipitation in the form of snow until summer, when it can be used for agriculture and cities. However, mountain weather is highly variable, and measurements are sparsely distributed. In order adequately sample snow and climate variables in complex terrain, we need as many measurements as possible. This means that instruments must be inexpensive and relatively simple to deploy. Here, we demonstrate how dime-sized temperature sensors developed for the refrigeration industry can be used to monitor air temperature (using evergreen trees as radiation shields) and snow cover duration (using the diurnal cycle in near-surface soil temperature). Together, these measurements can be used to recreate accumulated snow water equivalent over the prior year. We also demonstrate how buckets of water may be placed under networked acoustic snow depth sensors to provide an index of daily evaporation rates at SNOTEL stations. (a) Temperature sensor sealed for deployment in the soil. (b) Launching a temperature sensor into a tree. (c) Pulley system to keep sensor above the snow. (a) Photo of bucket underneath acoustic snow depth sensor. (b) Water depth in the bucket as calculated by the snow depth sensor and by a pressure sensor inside the bucket.

Hole at Buckskin Drilled Days Before Landing Anniversary

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-08-05

NASA's Curiosity Mars Rover drilled this hole to collect sample material from a rock target called "Buckskin" on July 30, 2015, during the 1060th Martian day, or sol, of the rover's work on Mars. The diameter is slightly smaller than a U.S. dime. Curiosity landed on Mars on Aug. 6, 2012, Universal Time (evening of Aug. 5, PDT). The rover took this image with the Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) camera, which is mounted on the same robotic arm as the sample-collecting drill. Rock powder from the collected sample was subsequently delivered to a laboratory inside the rover for analysis. The rover's drill did not experience any sign during this sample collection of an intermittent short-circuiting issue that was detected earlier in 2015. The Buckskin target is in an area near "Marias Pass" on lower Mount Sharp where Curiosity had detected unusually high levels of silica and hydrogen. MAHLI was built by Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Mars Science Laboratory Project for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Washington. JPL designed and built the project's Curiosity rover. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA19804

Genetics of human sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cleaver, James E.

1994-07-01

the major human health effects of solar and artificial UV light occur from the UVB and UVC wavelength ranges and involve a variety of short-term and long-term deleterious changes to the skin and eyes. the more important initial damage to cellular macromolecules involves dimerization of adjacent pyrimidines in DNA to produce cyclobutane pyrimidine dimes, (6-4) pyrimidine- pyrimidone, and (6-4) dewar photoproducts. these photoproducts can be repaired by a genetically regulated enzyme system (nucleotide excision repair) which removes oligonucleotides 29-30 nucleotides long that contain the photoproducts, and synthesizes replacement patches. At least a dozen gene products are involved in the process of recognizing photoproducts in DNA, altering local DNA helicity and cleaving the polynucleotide chain at defined positions either side of a photoproduct. Hereditary mutations in many of these genes are recognized in the human genetic disorders xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS), and trichothiodystrophy (TTD). Several of the gene products have other functions involving the regulation of gene transcription which accounts for the complex clinical presentation of repair deficient diseases that involve sensitivity of the skin and eyes to UV light, increased solar carcinogenesis (in XP), demyelination, and ganglial calcification (in CS), hair abnormalities (in TTD), and developmental and neurological abnormalities

Validating Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) predictive capability using perturbed capsules

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmitt, Mark; Magelssen, Glenn; Tregillis, Ian; Hsu, Scott; Bradley, Paul; Dodd, Evan; Cobble, James; Flippo, Kirk; Offerman, Dustin; Obrey, Kimberly; Wang, Yi-Ming; Watt, Robert; Wilke, Mark; Wysocki, Frederick; Batha, Steven

2009-11-01

Achieving ignition on NIF is a monumental step on the path toward utilizing fusion as a controlled energy source. Obtaining robust ignition requires accurate ICF models to predict the degradation of ignition caused by heterogeneities in capsule construction and irradiation. LANL has embarked on a project to induce controlled defects in capsules to validate our ability to predict their effects on fusion burn. These efforts include the validation of feature-driven hydrodynamics and mix in a convergent geometry. This capability is needed to determine the performance of capsules imploded under less-than-optimum conditions on future IFE facilities. LANL's recently initiated Defect Implosion Experiments (DIME) conducted at Rochester's Omega facility are providing input for these efforts. Recent simulation and experimental results will be shown.

Streaked X Ray Spectra from Polar Direct Drive Capsules with an Equatorial Defect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murphy, T. J.; Bradley, P. A.; Cobble, J. A.; Hsu, S. C.; Krasheninnikova, N. S.; Magelssen, G. R.; Schmitt, M. J.; Tregillis, I. L.; Wysocki, F. J.

2011-10-01

In the Defect Implosion Experiment (DIME) on Omega, capsules with an equatorial ``trench'' defect have been imploded to study defect-induced mix processes. The capsules contain layers doped with titanium and/or vanadium, with doped layers in contact with the deuterium fill gas on some targets, and separated from the gas by a layer of undoped plastic in others. Streaked x-ray spectra from the capsule implosions provide information on conditions in the mix layer. Polar direct drive was utilized in preparation for experiments planned for the National Ignition Facility in 2012. This work is supported by US DOE/NNSA, performed at LANL, operated by LANS LLC under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.

Thermal modeling of W rod armor.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nygren, Richard Einar

2004-09-01

Sandia has developed and tested mockups armored with W rods over the last decade and pioneered the initial development of W rod armor for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) in the 1990's. We have also developed 2D and 3D thermal and stress models of W rod-armored plasma facing components (PFCs) and test mockups and are applying the models to both short pulses, i.e. edge localized modes (ELMs), and thermal performance in steady state for applications in C-MOD, DiMES testing and ITER. This paper briefly describes the 2D and 3D models and their applications with emphasis on modeling for an ongoingmore » test program that simulates repeated heat loads from ITER ELMs.« less

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-26

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. Pictured are students from COSI Academy, Columbus, Ohio and their teacher. The other team was from Sycamore High School in Cincinnati, Ohio. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-26

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. This is the interior of the Sycamore High School (Cincinnati, Ohio) students' experiment to observe the flame spreading on a 100 percent cotton T-shirt under low-g. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-26

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. Here students from Sycamore High School in Cincinnati, Ohio, talk with Dr. Dennis Stocker, one of Glenn's lead microgravity scientists, about the uses of the drop tower. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

A crowdsourced nickel-and-dime approach to analog OBM research: A behavioral economic framework for understanding workforce attrition.

PubMed

Henley, Amy J; DiGennaro Reed, Florence D; Reed, Derek D; Kaplan, Brent A

2016-09-01

Incentives are a popular method to achieve desired employee performance; however, research on optimal incentive magnitude is lacking. Behavioral economic demand curves model persistence of responding in the face of increasing cost and may be suitable to examine the reinforcing value of incentives on work performance. The present use-inspired basic study integrated an experiential human operant task within a crowdsourcing platform to evaluate the applicability of behavioral economics for quantifying changes in workforce attrition. Participants included 88 Amazon Mechanical Turk Workers who earned either a $0.05 or $0.10 incentive for completing a progressively increasing response requirement. Analyses revealed statistically significant differences in breakpoint between the two groups. Additionally, a novel translation of the Kaplan-Meier survival-curve analyses for use within a demand curve framework allowed for examination of elasticity of workforce attrition. Results indicate greater inelastic attrition in the $0.05 group. We discuss the benefits of a behavioral economic approach to modeling employee behavior, how the metrics obtained from the elasticity of workforce attrition analyses (e.g., P max ) may be used to set goals for employee behavior while balancing organizational costs, and how economy type may have influenced observed outcomes. © 2016 Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.

Observed and Simulated Eddy Diffusivity Upstream of the Drake Passage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tulloch, R.; Ferrari, R. M.; Marshall, J.

2012-12-01

Estimates of eddy diffusivity in the Southern Ocean are poorly constrained due to lack of observations. We compare the first direct estimate of isopycnal eddy diffusivity upstream of the Drake Passage (from Ledwell et al. 2011) with a numerical simulation. The estimate is computed from a point tracer release as part of the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES). We find that the observational diffusivity estimate of about 500m^2/s at 1500m depth is close to that computed in a data-constrained, 1/20th of a degree simulation of the Drake Passage region. This tracer estimate also agrees with Lagrangian float calculations in the model. The role of mean flow suppression of eddy diffusivity at shallower depths will also be discussed.

Modeling and predicting abstract concept or idea introduction and propagation through geopolitical groups

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaenisch, Holger M.; Handley, James W.; Hicklen, Michael L.

2007-04-01

This paper describes a novel capability for modeling known idea propagation transformations and predicting responses to new ideas from geopolitical groups. Ideas are captured using semantic words that are text based and bear cognitive definitions. We demonstrate a unique algorithm for converting these into analytical predictive equations. Using the illustrative idea of "proposing a gasoline price increase of 1 per gallon from 2" and its changing perceived impact throughout 5 demographic groups, we identify 13 cost of living Diplomatic, Information, Military, and Economic (DIME) features common across all 5 demographic groups. This enables the modeling and monitoring of Political, Military, Economic, Social, Information, and Infrastructure (PMESII) effects of each group to this idea and how their "perception" of this proposal changes. Our algorithm and results are summarized in this paper.

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-26

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. Here Jose Carrion, a lab mechanic with AKAC, starts the orange-colored drag shield, and the experiment apparatus inside, on the hoist upward to the control station at the top of the drop tower. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

"Dancing on eggs": Charles H. Bynum, racial politics, and the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, 1938-1954.

PubMed

Mawdsley, Stephen E

2010-01-01

In 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his law partner Basil O'Connor formed the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP) to battle the viral disease poliomyelitis. Although the NFIP program was purported to be available for all Americans irrespective of "race, creed, or color," officials encountered numerous difficulties upholding this pledge in a nation divided by race. In 1944, NFIP officials hired educator Charles H. Bynum to head a new department of "Negro Activities." Between 1944 and 1954, Bynum negotiated the NFIP bureaucracy to educate officials and influence their national health policy. As part of the NFIP team, he helped increase interracial fund-raising in the March of Dimes, improve polio treatment for black Americans, and further the civil rights movement.

Braces, wheelchairs, and iron lungs: the paralyzed body and the machinery of rehabilitation in the polio epidemics.

PubMed

Wilson, Daniel J

2005-01-01

The successful fund raising appeals of the March of Dimes employed images of cute crippled children standing on braces and forearm crutches, sitting in wheelchairs, or confined to iron lungs. Those who had to use these devices as a result of polio, however, were often stigmatized as cripples. American cultural antipathy to these assistive devices meant that polio survivors often had to overcome an emotional and psychological resistance to using them. Whatever their fears, polio survivors quickly discovered the functionality of braces and wheelchairs. By confronting the cultural stigma associated with these devices and in some sense embracing these mechanical "friends," polio survivors compensated for their paralyzed bodies and became active in the wider world of home, school and work.

Making history: Thomas Francis, Jr, MD, and the 1954 Salk Poliomyelitis Vaccine Field Trial.

PubMed

Lambert, S M; Markel, H

2000-05-01

This article focuses on the poliomyelitis vaccine field trial directed by Thomas Francis,Jr, MD, of the University of Michigan Vaccine Evaluation Center and sponsored by the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP) or, as it was better known to the public, the March of Dimes. It was a landmark in the widescale testing of a vaccine and the ethical use of human subjects. Millions of American parents readily volunteered their healthy children to participate. A total of 150,000 volunteers, including schoolteachers, physicians, nurses, and health officers all endorsed the study and donated their time and effort to make it successful. Avoiding the use of marginalized groups, the field trial purposefully did not involve institutionalized children; instead, it was based in 15,000 public schools in 44 of the 48 states as clinic sites. A group of 650,000 children received some type of injection, either the vaccine or a placebo, and another 1.18 million served as controls. The field trial depended, most essentially, on both public support and the participation of millions of children who remained enrolled in a study that required a series of 3 injections and a 6-month evaluation period. Enlisting the huge number of participants presented practical examples of the difficulties in experimenting on human subjects. On April 26, 1954, Randy Kerr, a participant or "Polio Pioneer" as the children involved were called, received the first inoculation of the Salk poliomyelitis vaccine. The nationwide study "designed to test the safety and efficacy" of the Salk vaccine had officially begun.

Universal entanglement crossover of coupled quantum wires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vasseur, Romain; Jacobsen, Jesper; Saleur, Hubert

2014-03-01

We consider the entanglement between two one-dimensional quantum wires (Luttinger Liquids) coupled by tunneling through a quantum impurity. The physics of the system involves a crossover between weak and strong coupling regimes characterized by an energy scale TB, and methods of conformal field theory therefore cannot be applied. The evolution of the entanglement in this crossover has led to many numerical studies, but has remained little understood, analytically or even qualitatively. This is, in part, due to the fact that the entanglement in this case is non-perturbative in the tunneling amplitude. We argue that the correct universal scaling form of the entanglement entropy S (for an arbitrary interval containing the impurity) is ∂S / ∂lnL = f(LTB) . In the special case where the coupling to the impurity can be refermionized, we show how the universal function f(LTB) can be obtained analytically using recent results on form factors of twist fields and a defect massless-scattering formalism. Our results are carefully checked against numerical simulations. This work was supported by the the French ANR (ANR Projet 2010 Blanc SIMI 4 : DIME), the US DOE (grant number DE-FG03-01ER45908), the Quantum Materials program of LBNL (RV) and the Institut Universitaire de France (JLJ).

Peptides at Membrane Surfaces and their Role in Prebiotic Evolution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pohorille, Andrew; Wilson, Michael A.; Chipot, Christophe; Fonda, Mark (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

Protocells had to transport ions and organic matter across membranes separating the interior of the cell from the environment, capture and utilize energy and transduce environmental signals. In a series of detailed, molecular-level computer simulations we show how these peptides in contact with membranes can acquire ordered structures and functions. We have investigated the stability of a simple alpha-helical peptide containing Leucine (L) and Serine (S) of the form (LSLLLSL)3 in a model membrane system. The parallel in-plane state is the most stable configuration. The transmembrane state is metastable, and about 15 kcal/mol is required to insert the peptide into the membrane. We investigated dimes of both (LSLLLSL)3 and glycophorin A, and show how the free energy of helix association can, at least partially, offset the free energy of insertion. We have also investigated the transmembrane pore of the influenza M2 protein. This aggregate of four identical alpha-helices, each built of 25 amino acids, forms an efficient and selective voltage-gated proton channel. Our simulations explain the gating mechanism, which can involve strands of hydrogen-bonded water through the pore or proton transfer through tautomerization of protein residues. The channel can be re-engineered to act as a simple proton pump.

Recent results of the Defect-Induced Mix Experiments (DIME) on NIF

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmitt, M. J.; Bradley, P. A.; Cobble, J. A.; Hakel, P.; Hsu, S. C.; Krasheninnikova, N. S.; Kyrala, G. A.; Murphy, T. J.; Obrey, K. A.; Shah, R. C.; Tregillis, I. L.; Craxton, S. C.; McKenty, P. W.; Mancini, R. C.; Johns, H. M.; Joshi, Tirtha; Mayes, Daniel

2012-10-01

Investigations of directly driven implosions have been performed including experiments on Omega, and more recently NIF, to deduce the extent and uniformity of 4π and defect-induced mix near the shell/gas interface of plastic (CH) capsules filled with 5 atm D2 gas. Imaging diagnostics are used to measure the spatial variation of mix caused by the growth of non-uniformities in both capsule and laser drive characteristics. Thin (2μm) layers containing 1-2% (atomic) mid-Z dopants are imaged spectrally at late time in the implosion using multiple monochromatic imaging of H-like and He-like atomic line emission. Areal image backlighting of the capsules provides both r(t) and the symmetry of the implosion. Recent results will be shown including inferred 4π mix width, laser imprint induced mix, and mix from capsule variations.

Polar-Direct-Drive Defect Implosions at OMEGA inPreparation for Experiments at NIF

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cobble, J. A.; Schmitt, M. J.; Murphy, T. J.; Tregillis, I. L.; Wysocki, F. J.; Obrey, K. D.; Magelssen, G. R.; Glebov, V.; Bradley, P. A.; Hsu, S. C.; Krasheninnikova, N. V.; Batha, S. H.

2011-10-01

The Defect-Implosion (DIME) campaign involves compressing perturbed spherical capsules with polar direct drive (PDD). For direct-drive implosions at NIF, PDD will be used. We have done simulations and experiments at OMEGA to test our modeling capability for equatorial-plane defects in fusion capsules and for PDD at NIF. Since PDD is anisotropic, we show the results of 0th hydrodynamics of implosions and perturbation-driven features near stagnation. Later presentations discuss defect-induced mix and neutronics, and laser pointing for NIF experiments. Prototype OMEGA shots used 865- μm diameter CH shells filled with 5 atm of D2. Machined channels 30- μm wide and up to 9- μm deep formed the defects. This work has been performed under the auspices of the US DOE, contract number DE-AC52-06NA25396.

Dr. Polio: Revisiting FDR's Medical Legacy.

PubMed

Dorfman, Robert G; Orkaby, Asher; Desai, Sukumar P

2018-01-01

The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP), the March of Dimes, and the Georgia Warm Springs Resort were reflections of Franklin D. Roosevelt's (FDR) complicated and personal relationship with polio. Between 1934 and 1957, significant advances were made in the care of polio survivors, and new and innovative medical fields gained both public attention and funding. The plight of disabled Americans and questions of accessibility also received widespread national attention. The NFIP helped establish a new prototype for grassroots philanthropy and personified FDR's vision for national health insurance. Drawing upon a variety of archival and primary sources, this article aims to revisit Roosevelt's contribution to the medical field. Rather than condone or defend FDR's public persona as a survivor of polio, this article argues that Roosevelt and his affiliated organizations played an important medical role during this period.

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-26

The first NASA Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) student competition pilot project came to a conclusion at the Glenn Research Center in April 2001. The competition involved high-school student teams who developed the concept for a microgravity experiment and prepared an experiment proposal. The two student teams - COSI Academy, sponsored by the Columbus Center of Science and Industry, and another team from Cincinnati, Ohio's Sycamore High School, designed a microgravity experiment, fabricated the experimental apparatus, and visited NASA Glenn to operate their experiment in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. Here Carol Hodanbosi of the National Center for Microgravity Research and Jose Carrion, a lab mechanic with AKAC, prepare a student experiment package (inside the silver-colored frame) inside the orange-colored drag shield that encloses all experiment hardware. This image is from a digital still camera; higher resolution is not available.

Surface water disinfection by chlorination and advanced oxidation processes: Inactivation of an antibiotic resistant E. coli strain and cytotoxicity evaluation.

PubMed

Miranda, Andreza Costa; Lepretti, Marilena; Rizzo, Luigi; Caputo, Ivana; Vaiano, Vincenzo; Sacco, Olga; Lopes, Wilton Silva; Sannino, Diana

2016-06-01

The release of antibiotics into the environment can result in antibiotic resistance (AR) spread, which in turn can seriously affect human health. Antibiotic resistant bacteria have been detected in different aquatic environments used as drinking water source. Water disinfection may be a possible solution to minimize AR spread but conventional processes, such as chlorination, result in the formation of dangerous disinfection by-products. In this study advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), namely H2O2/UV, TiO2/UV and N-TiO2/UV, have been compared with chlorination in the inactivation of an AR Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain in surface water. TiO2 P25 and nitrogen doped TiO2 (N-TiO2), prepared by sol-gel method at two different synthesis temperatures (0 and -20°C), were investigated in heterogeneous photocatalysis experiments. Under the investigated conditions, chlorination (1.0 mg L(-1)) was the faster process (2.5 min) to achieve total inactivation (6 Log). Among AOPs, H2O2/UV resulted in the best inactivation rate: total inactivation (6 Log) was achieved in 45 min treatment. Total inactivation was not observed (4.5 Log), also after 120 min treatment, only for N-doped TiO2 synthesized at 0°C. Moreover, H2O2/UV and chlorination processes were evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity potential by means of 3-(4,5-dime-thylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylte-trazolium colorimetric test on a human-derived cell line and they similarly affected HepG2 cells viability. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Defect-induced mix experiment for NIF

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmitt, M. J.; Bradley, P. A.; Cobble, J. A.; Hsu, S. C.; Krasheninnikova, N. S.; Kyrala, G. A.; Magelssen, G. R.; Murphy, T. J.; Obrey, K. A.; Tregillis, I. L.; Wysocki, F. J.; Finnegan, S. M.

2013-11-01

The Defect Induced Mix Experiment (DIME-II) will measure the implosion and mix characteristics of CH capsules filled with 5 atmospheres of DT by incorporating mid-Z dopant layers of Ge and Ga. This polar direct drive (PDD) experiment also will demonstrate the filling of a CH capsule at target chamber center using a fill tube. Diagnostics for these experiments include areal x-ray backlighting to obtain early time images of the implosion trajectory and a multiple-monochromatic imager (MMI) to collect spectrally-resolved images of the capsule dopant line emission near bangtime. The inclusion of two (or more) thin dopant layers at separate depths within the capsule shell facilitates spatial correlation of mix between the layers and the hot gas core on a single shot. The dopant layers are typically 2 μm thick and contain dopant concentrations of 1.5%. Three dimensional Hydra simulations have been performed to assess the effects of PDD asymmetry on capsule performance.

Modeling ductile metals under large strain, pressure and high strain rate incorporating damage and microstructure evolution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iannitti, Gianluca; Bonora, Nicola; Ruggiero, Andrew; Dichiaro, Simone

2012-03-01

In this work, a constitutive modeling that couples plasticity, grain size evolution (due to plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization) and ductile damage has been developed. The effect of grain size on the material yield stress (Hall-Petch) and on the melting temperature has been considered. The model has been used to investigate computationally the behavior of high purity copper in dynamic tensile extrusion test (DTE). An extensive numerical simulation work, using implicit finite element code with direct integration, has been performed and the results have been compared with available experimental data. The major finding is that the proposed model is capable to predict most of the observed features such as the increase of material ductility with the decreasing average grain size, the overall number and size of fragments and the average grain size distribution in the fragment trapped into the dime.

Modeling ductile metals under large strain, pressure and high strain rates incorporating damage and microstructure evolution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iannitti, Gianluca; Bonora, Nicola; Ruggiero, Andrew; Dichiaro, Simone

2011-06-01

In this work, a constitutive modeling that couples plasticity, grain size evolution (due to plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization) and ductile damage has been developed. The effect of grain size on the material yield stress (Hall-Petch) and on the melting temperature has been considered. The model has been used to investigate computationally the behaviour of high purity copper in dynamic tensile extrusion test (DTE). An extensive numerical simulation work, using implicit finite element code with direct integration, has been performed and the results have been compared with available experimental data. The major finding is that the proposed model is capable to predict most of the observed features such as the increase of material ductility with the decreasing average grain size, the overall number and size of fragments and the average grain size distribution in the fragment trapped into the dime.

A 3-Dimensional Analysis of the Galactic Gamma-Ray Emission Resulting from Cosmic-Ray Interactions with the Interstellar Gas and Radiation Fields

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sodroski, Thomas J.; Dwek, Eli (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

The contractor will provide support for the analysis of data under ADP (NRA 96-ADP- 09; Proposal No . 167-96adp). The primary task objective is to construct a 3-D model for the distribution of high-energy (20 MeV - 30 GeV) gamma-ray emission in the Galactic disk. Under this task the contractor will utilize data from the EGRET instrument on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory, H I and CO surveys, radio-continuum surveys at 408 MHz, 1420 MHz, 5 GHz, and 19 GHz, the COBE Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIME) all-sky maps from 1 to 240 p, and ground-based B, V, J, H, and K photometry. The respective contributions to the gamma-ray emission from cosmic ray/matter interactions, inverse Compton scattering, and extragalactic emission will be determined.

"For Jimmy and the boys and girls of America": publicizing childhood cancers in twentieth-century America.

PubMed

Krueger, Gretchen

2007-01-01

This paper examines a collection of images of children printed in cancer education and fund-raising materials distributed by voluntary health organizations, released by public relations departments of specialized cancer hospitals, and featured in popular magazines and newspapers beginning in the late 1940s. Children represented only a small fraction of all persons with cancer, yet they became a key component of the media campaign for the disease. What narratives were embedded in the photographs and profiles? Like the March of Dimes' use of young polio patients to promote their programs, "poster children" were strategically used throughout the mid-to-late twentieth century to advance principles of early cancer detection and prompt treatment; to illustrate or, at times, exaggerate promising biomedical advances in the field; and to elicit emotional responses and donations from a wide audience during the escalation of the war against cancer.

Race and the Politics of Polio

PubMed Central

Rogers, Naomi

2007-01-01

The Tuskegee Institute opened a polio center in 1941, funded by the March of Dimes. The center’s founding was the result of a new visibility of Black polio survivors and the growing political embarrassment around the policy of the Georgia Warm Springs polio rehabilitation center, which Franklin Roosevelt had founded in the 1920s before he became president and which had maintained a Whites-only policy of admission. This policy, reflecting the ubiquitous norm of race-segregated health facilities of the era, was also sustained by a persuasive scientific argument about polio itself: that Blacks were not susceptible to the disease. After a decade of civil rights activism, this notion of polio as a White disease was challenged, and Black health professionals, emboldened by a new integrationist epidemiology, demanded that in polio, as in American medicine at large, health care should be provided regardless of race, color, or creed. PMID:17395849

Effect of solvent additives and P3HT on PDTSTTz/PCBM-based bulk heterojunction solar cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ergete, Assegid; Sabir, Fedlu K.; Li, Yongfang; Yohannes, Teketel

2015-01-01

In this investigation, photovoltaic (PV) parameters improvements in poly[2,6-(4,4‧-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2‧,3‧-d]silole)-alt-5,5‧-(3,6-bis[4-(2-ethylhexyl)thienyl-2-yl]-s-tetrazine] and fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PDTSTTz:PCBM) blend were made through solvent additives and secondary donor addition. Short carbon chain solvent additives such as iodomethane (IMe), iodoethane (IEt), iodobutane (IBu), and diiodomethane (DIMe) were used. The results have shown that the short circuit current density (Jsc), as well as power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PDTSTTz:PCBM blend cell increased with the increase in length of carbon chains of the additives. IBu, with relatively the longest carbon chain, has better performance-improving impact than IMe (with the shortest carbon chain). The same trend was observed for fill factor. The other PV parameter, open circuit voltages (Voc), did not show significant change following these solvent additives. The effect of a secondary (additional) donor on the PDTSTTz/PCBM system was investigated by adding different proportions of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT). Because P3HT (secondary donor) and PDTSTTz (hosting donor) complement each other in light absorption, the PDTSTTz/PCBM system containing an optimum proportion of P3HT could provide a wider range of light absorption, and as a result it exhibited a higher short circuit current (11.08 mA/cm2) and then a PCE of 2.42%.

Improving LADCP Velocity Profiles with External Attitude Sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thurnherr, A. M.; Goszczko, I.

2016-12-01

Data collected with Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers installed on CTD rosettes and lowered through the water column (LADCP systems) are routinely used to derive full-depth profiles of ocean velocity. In addition to the uncertainties arising from random noise in the along-beam velocity measurements, LADCP derived velocities are commonly contaminated by bias errors due to imperfectly measured instrument attitude (pitch, roll and heading). Of particular concern are the heading measurements because it is not usually feasible to calibrate the internal ADCP compasses with the instruments installed on a CTD rosette, away from the magnetic disturbances of the ship as well as the current-carrying winch wire. Heading data from dual-headed LADCP systems, which consist of upward and downward-pointing ADCPs installed on the same rosette, commonly indicate heading-dependent compass errors with amplitudes exceeding 10 degrees. In an attempt to reduce LADCP velocity errors, over 200 full-depth profiles were collected during several recent projects, including GO-SHIP, DIMES and ECOGIG, with an inexpensive (<$200) external magnetometer/accelerometer package. The resulting data permit full compass calibrations (for both hard- and soft-iron effects) from in-situ profile data and yields improved pitch and roll measurements. Results indicate greatly reduced inconsistencies between the data from the two ADCPs (horizontal-velocity processing residuals), as well as smaller biases in vertical -velocity (w) measurements. In addition, the external magnetometer package allows processing of some LADCP data collected in regions where the horizontal magnitude of the earth's magnetic field is insufficient for the ADCPs internal compasses to work at all.

Lab-on a-Chip

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

Labs on chips are manufactured in many shapes and sizes and can be used for numerous applications, from medical tests to water quality monitoring to detecting the signatures of life on other planets. The eight holes on this chip are actually ports that can be filled with fluids or chemicals. Tiny valves control the chemical processes by mixing fluids that move in the tiny channels that look like lines, connecting the ports. Scientists at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama designed this chip to grow biological crystals on the International Space Station (ISS). Through this research, they discovered that this technology is ideally suited for solving the challenges of the Vision for Space Exploration. For example, thousands of chips the size of dimes could be loaded on a Martian rover looking for biosignatures of past or present life. Other types of chips could be placed in handheld devices used to monitor microbes in water or to quickly conduct medical tests on astronauts. The portable, handheld Lab-on-a Chip Application Development Portable Test System (LOCAD-PTS) made its debut flight aboard Discovery during the STS-116 mission launched December 9, 2006. The system allowed crew members to monitor their environment for problematic contaminants such as yeast, mold, and even E.coli, and salmonella. Once LOCAD-PTS reached the ISS, the Marshall team continued to manage the experiment, monitoring the study from a console in the Payload Operations Center at MSFC. The results of these studies will help NASA researchers refine the technology for future Moon and Mars missions. (NASA/MSFC/D.Stoffer)

Nanotechnology on a dime: building affordable research facilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

DiBattista, Jeff; Clare, Donna; Lynch, David

2005-08-01

Designing buildings to house nanotechnology research presents a multitude of well-recognized challenges to architectural and engineering design teams, from environmental control to spatial arrangements to operational functionality. These technical challenges can be solved with relative ease on projects with large budgets: designers have the option of selecting leading-edge systems without undue regard for their expense. This is reflected in the construction cost of many nanotechnology research facilities that run well into the hundreds of millions of dollars. Smaller universities and other institutions need not be shut out of the nanotechnology research field simply because their construction budgets are tens of millions of dollars or less. The key to success for these less expensive projects lies with making good strategic decisions: identifying priorities for the facility in terms of what it will is--and will not--provide to the researchers. Making these strategic decisions puts bounds on the tactical, technical problems that the design team at large must address, allowing them to focus their efforts on the key areas for success. The process and challenges of this strategic decision-making process are examined, with emphasis placed on the types of decisions that must be made and the factors that must be considered when making them. Case study examples of projects undertaken at the University of Alberta are used to illustrate how strategic-level decision-making sets the stage for cutting-edge success on a modest budget.

Evaluation of a program supporting scholarly productivity for new investigators.

PubMed

Mavis, Brian; Katz, Michael

2003-07-01

Like many groups, the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation has a long-term interest in funding new investigators. This study documents the career outcomes related to scientific productivity, research support, and current faculty positions of new investigators funded by the Foundation. All successful applicants from 1983 to 1987 (n = 244) were compared with unsuccessful applicants from 1986 and 1987 (n = 195). Outcomes over a ten-year period were examined. Online databases were used to measure quantity and quality of scholarship, as well as federal grant awards. Institutional prestige was based on the 1982 and 1995 reports from the Conference Board of Associated Research Councils. A follow-up survey of successful applicants identified current employment and research activities. Successful and unsuccessful applicants did not differ significantly except that women were underrepresented among successful applicants. Applicants receiving funding were more productive in terms of the quantity and quality of publications as well as federal grant support. A greater proportion of successful applicants came from top-ranked institutions and at follow-up the proportion of successful applicants in top-ranked programs increased. At follow-up, most successful applicants had tenure-track appointments with significant time dedicated to research. The findings document the Foundation's investment in new investigators to promote scholarly productivity and career development and validate the criteria and process used to select successful applicants. The award provides new investigators with control over resources to facilitate their research programs and enhances the confidence and recognition of recipients.

Concept for Space Technology Advancement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hansen, Jeremiah J.

2005-02-01

The space industry is based on an antiquated concept of disposable rockets, earth construction, and non-repairable satellites. Current space vehicle concepts hearken from a time of Cold War animosity and expeditiousness. Space systems are put together in small, single-purpose chunks that are launched with mighty, single-use rockets. Spacecraft need to change to a more versatile, capable, reusable, and mission efficient design. The Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) that President Bush put forward in his space initiative on Jan. 14, 2004 is a small first step. But like all first steps, the risk of eventual failure is great without a complementary set of steps, a reliable handhold, and a goal, which are outlined in this paper. The system for space access and development needs to be overhauled to allow for the access to space to complement the building in space, which promotes the production of goods in space, which enhances the exploitation of space resources… and the list goes on. Without supplemental and complementary infrastructure, all political, scientific, and idealistic endeavors to explore and exploit the near solar system will result in quagmires of failures and indecision. Renewed focus on fundamentals, integration, total-system consideration, and solid engineering can avoid catastrophe. Mission success, simple solutions, mission efficiency, and proper testing all seem to have been lost in the chase for the nickels and dimes. These items will increase capabilities available from a system or combination of systems. New propulsion options and materials will enable vehicles previously unachievable. Future spacecraft should exploit modular designs for repeatability and reduced cost. Space construction should use these modular systems on major components built in orbit. All vehicles should apply smart designs and monitoring systems for increased reliability and system awareness. Crew safety systems must use this awareness in alerting the crew, aiding collision detection and avoidance, damage control and mitigation, and crew ejection systems. These systems, working together, will greatly increase survivability of crewed systems. Implicit in this varied list of technology and integration is industry risk. Aerospace industry must relearn to accept risk in space technology development in order to advance capability. All of these items wrap up in a total system view that will allow for more advanced, reliable capability in space.

Control of high-Z PFC erosion by local gas injection in DIII-D

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudakov, D. L.; Stangeby, P. C.; Wong, C. P. C.; McLean, A. G.; Wampler, W. R.; Watkins, J. G.; Boedo, J. A.; Briesemeister, A.; Buchenauer, D. A.; Chrobak, C. P.; Elder, J. D.; Fenstermacher, M. E.; Guo, H. Y.; Lasnier, C. J.; Leonard, A. W.; Maingi, R.; Moyer, R. A.

2015-08-01

Reduced erosion of a high-Z PFC divertor surface was observed in DIII-D with local injection of methane and deuterium gases. Molybdenum-coated silicon samples were exposed in the lower divertor of DIII-D using DiMES under plasma conditions previously shown to cause significant net erosion of Mo. Three exposures with 13CH4 and one exposure with D2 gas injection about 12 cm upstream of the samples located within 1-2 cm of the attached strike point were performed. Reduction of Mo erosion was evidenced in-situ by the suppression of MoI line radiation at 386.4 nm once the gas injection started. Post-mortem ion beam analysis demonstrated that the net erosion of molybdenum near the center of the samples exposed with 13CH4 injection was below the measurement resolution of 0.5 nm, corresponding to a rate of ⩽0.04 nm/s. Compared to the previously measured erosion rates, this constitutes a reduction by a factor of >10.

Defect Induced Mix Experiments (DIME) for NIF

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmitt, Mark; Bradley, Paul; Cobble, James; Hsu, Scott; Krasheninnikova, Natalia; Magelssen, Glenn; Murphy, Thomas; Obrey, Kimberly; Tregillis, Ian; Wysocki, Frederick

2011-10-01

Los Alamos National Laboratory will be performing FY12 NIF experiments using polar direct drive to measure the effects of high mode number defects on ICF implosion hydrodynamics and yield. The effect of equatorial groove features will be assessed using both x-ray backlighting and spectrally resolved imaging of higher-Z dopant layers in 2.2 mm diameter (30 microns thick) CH capsules using a multiple monochromatic imager (MMI). By placing thin, 2 micron thick, layers containing ~1.5% of either Ge or Se at different depths in the capsule, we will be able to characterize the mixing and heating of these layers in both perturbed and unperturbed regions of the capsule. Precursor experiments have been performed on Omega to validate these measurement methods using Ti and V layers. An overview of our current results from Omega and design efforts for NIF will be presented. Work performed by Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy.

Multi-monochromatic imaging of defect-induced mix experiments at OMEGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mancini, Roberto; Johns, Heather; Joshi, Tirtha; Mayes, Daniel; Durmaz, Tunay; Nagayama, Taisuke; Hsu, Scott; Tregillis, Ian; Krasheninnikova, Natalia; Cobble, James; Murphy, Thomas; Shah, Rahul; Kyrala, George; Hakel, Peter; Bradley, Paul; Schmitt, Mark

2012-10-01

In a series of polar-drive implosions performed at OMEGA for the defect-induced mix experiment (DIME) campaign of Los Alamos National Laboratory, two identical multi-monochromatic imager (MMI) instruments were fielded to record gated, x-ray spectrally-resolved images of D-filled Ti-doped plastic shells. The shells included a defect on the equatorial plane to study defect-induced mix while no-defect shells were employed in reference shots. The MMI data recorded simultaneously along quasi-orthogonal lines-of-sight afforded unique observations of the implosion based on the K-shell spectral signatures of the Ti tracer. Several analysis techniques have been used to process the MMI data (T. Nagayama et al, J. App. Phys. 109, 093303 (2011)) in order to study defect-induced mixing by tracking the spatial distribution and state of the tracer. Comparisons were made with results from post-processed 2D and 3D simulations to provide further insight into the interpretation of the experimental results and to constrain the simulation physics model.

Modeling of high-Z materials erosion and its suppression in DIII-D

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ding, Rui; Guo, H. Y.; Chan, V. S.; Snyder, P. B.; Rudakov, D. L.; Stangeby, P. C.; Elder, J. D.; Tskhakaya, D.; Wampler, W. R.; Kirschner, A.; McLean, A. G.

2015-11-01

Erosion of plasma facing components is a key issue for high-power, long pulse operation. The 3D Monte Carlo code ERO has been used to simulate the erosion/redeposition of Mo and W samples exposed to DIII-D divertor plasma using the DiMES. The net erosion rate is significantly reduced due to the high local re-deposition ratio of eroded materials, which is mainly controlled by the electric field and plasma density within the Chodura sheath as indicated by ERO modeling. Similar re-deposition ratios were obtained from the modeling using three sheath models for small inclined magnetic field angle, all being close to the measured value. ERO modeling shows that local CH4 injection can create a carbon coating on the Mo sample to mitigate Mo erosion; the local decrease of electron temperature due to gas injection also suppresses net erosion, consistent with experimental observation. Supported by the US DOE under DE-FC02-04ER54698 and PSI-SciDAC project.

Experimental Validation Plan for the Xolotl Plasma-Facing Component Simulator Using Tokamak Sample Exposures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chan, V. S.; Wong, C. P. C.; McLean, A. G.; Luo, G. N.; Wirth, B. D.

2013-10-01

The Xolotl code under development by PSI-SciDAC will enhance predictive modeling capability of plasma-facing materials under burning plasma conditions. The availability and application of experimental data to compare to code-calculated observables are key requirements to validate the breadth and content of physics included in the model and ultimately gain confidence in its results. A dedicated effort has been in progress to collect and organize a) a database of relevant experiments and their publications as previously carried out at sample exposure facilities in US and Asian tokamaks (e.g., DIII-D DiMES, and EAST MAPES), b) diagnostic and surface analysis capabilities available at each device, and c) requirements for future experiments with code validation in mind. The content of this evolving database will serve as a significant resource for the plasma-material interaction (PMI) community. Work supported in part by the US Department of Energy under GA-DE-SC0008698, DE-AC52-07NA27344 and DE-AC05-00OR22725.

Losing a dime with a satisfied mind: positive affect predicts less search in sequential decision making.

PubMed

von Helversen, Bettina; Mata, Rui

2012-12-01

We investigated the contribution of cognitive ability and affect to age differences in sequential decision making by asking younger and older adults to shop for items in a computerized sequential decision-making task. Older adults performed poorly compared to younger adults partly due to searching too few options. An analysis of the decision process with a formal model suggested that older adults set lower thresholds for accepting an option than younger participants. Further analyses suggested that positive affect, but not fluid abilities, was related to search in the sequential decision task. A second study that manipulated affect in younger adults supported the causal role of affect: Increased positive affect lowered the initial threshold for accepting an attractive option. In sum, our results suggest that positive affect is a key factor determining search in sequential decision making. Consequently, increased positive affect in older age may contribute to poorer sequential decisions by leading to insufficient search. 2013 APA, all rights reserved

Space Science

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-02-01

Labs on chips are manufactured in many shapes and sizes and can be used for numerous applications, from medical tests to water quality monitoring to detecting the signatures of life on other planets. The eight holes on this chip are actually ports that can be filled with fluids or chemicals. Tiny valves control the chemical processes by mixing fluids that move in the tiny channels that look like lines, connecting the ports. Scientists at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama designed this chip to grow biological crystals on the International Space Station. Through this research, they discovered that this technology is ideally suited for solving the challenges of the Vision for Space Exploration. For example, thousands of chips the size of dimes could be loaded on a Martian rover looking for biosignatures of past or present life. Other types of chips could be placed in handheld devices used to monitor microbes in water or to quickly conduct medical tests on astronauts. (NASA/MSFC/D.Stoffer)

Study of the impact of resonant magnetic perturbation fields on gross tungsten erosion using DiMES samples in DIII-D

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hinson, E. T.; Schmitz, O.; Frerichs, H.; Abrams, T.; Briesemeister, A.; Rudakov, D. L.; Unterberg, E. A.; Wampler, W. R.; Watkins, J. G.; Wang, H. Q.

2017-12-01

An experiment was conducted in DIII-D to compare gross tungsten (W) erosion on samples exposed to outer strike point (OSP) sweeps in L-mode plasmas for three conditions. These included two phases of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs), and a set with no perturbations. Upon RMP application, lobe structures indicative of strike point splitting of the OSP were evident in divertor camera data and on Langmuir probes. Gross W erosion flux, {{{Γ }}}{{W}}, inferred spectroscopically using the S/XB method applied to the 400.9 nm W-I line, was generally in the range {{{Γ }}}{{W}}/{{{Γ }}}{{D}+,\\perp }=2× {10}-4 referenced to incident deuterium ion flux {{{Γ }}}{{D}+,\\perp }, and was increased in the RMP cases by no more than 30% of the level observed in unperturbed discharges. A large reduction in gross erosion (50%) was observed in the private flux region at the W sample for one specific toroidal phase of the RMP field.

Lab-on-a-Chip

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

Labs on chips are manufactured in many shapes and sizes and can be used for numerous applications, from medical tests to water quality monitoring to detecting the signatures of life on other planets. The eight holes on this chip are actually ports that can be filled with fluids or chemicals. Tiny valves control the chemical processes by mixing fluids that move in the tiny channels that look like lines, connecting the ports. Scientists at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama designed this chip to grow biological crystals on the International Space Station. Through this research, they discovered that this technology is ideally suited for solving the challenges of the Vision for Space Exploration. For example, thousands of chips the size of dimes could be loaded on a Martian rover looking for biosignatures of past or present life. Other types of chips could be placed in handheld devices used to monitor microbes in water or to quickly conduct medical tests on astronauts. (NASA/MSFC/D.Stoffer)

Mapping unstable manifolds using drifters/floats in a Southern Ocean field campaign

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shuckburgh, Emily F.

2012-09-01

Ideas from dynamical systems theory have been used in an observational field campaign in the Southern Ocean to provide information on the mixing structure of the flow. Instantaneous snapshops of data from satellite altimetry provide information concerning surface currents at a scale of 100 km or so. We show that by using time-series of satellite altimetry we are able to deduce reliable information about the structure of the surface flow at scales as small as 10 km or so. This information was used in near-real time to provide an estimate of the location of stable and unstable manifolds in the vicinity of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. As part of a large U.K./U.S. observational field campaign (DIMES: Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean) a number of drifters and floats were then released (at the surface and at a depth of approximately 1 km) close to the estimated hyperbolic point at the intersection of the two manifolds, in several locations with apparently different dynamical characteristics. The subsequent trajectories of the drifters/floats has allowed the unstable manifolds to be tracked, and the relative separation of pairs of floats has allowed an estimation of Lyapunov exponents. The results of these deployments have given insight into the strengths and limitations of the satellite data which does not resolve small scales in the velocity field, and have elucidated the transport and mixing structure of the Southern Ocean at the surface and at depth.

Impact of target material on D and D2 recycling in DIII-D ELMy H-mode discharges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bykov, Igor; Hollmann, Eric; Rudakov, Dmitry; Moyer, Richard; Boedo, Jose; Din, Rui; Wang, Huiqian; Unterberg, Ezekeal; Briesemeister, Alexis; Chrobak, Christopher; Abrams, Tyler; Watkins, Jon; Lasnier, Charles; McLean, Adam

2017-10-01

DIII-D operation with W divertor inserts shows molecular recycling flux (measured by Fulcher-a spectroscopy) is reduced between ELMs in comparison with a C divertor where the flux is dominated by D2 molecules (>=90%). This effect is partly explained by the higher reflection probability of atomic D on W. During ELMs, the molecular fraction drops by factor >2 on both C and W targets. To study the effect of higher ion impact energy (Eimp) on transient D re-emission during ELMs we have applied fast electrostatic bias to a DiMES probe equipped with a W and C sample set. A 50% increase of Eimp from 150 eV due to biasing led to transient increase of atomic D re-emission flux on both targets. Similar increase of the D2 flux was only seen on C. Thus, the ratios of atomic and molecular fluxes on C varied in a similar way to those measured during ELMs. This variation in molecular recycling fraction with material has implications for the dynamics of density pedestal recovery between ELMs, the overall global particle balance of the system, and possibly the overall detachment onset conditions transiently due to the ELM particle influx. Supported by the US DOE under DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-FG02-04ER54758, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG03-95ER54309, and DE-FG02-04ER54762.

HUBBLE CAPTURES UNVEILING OF PLANETARY NEBULA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

This Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 image captures the infancy of the Stingray nebula (Hen-1357), the youngest known planetary nebula. In this image, the bright central star is in the middle of the green ring of gas. Its companion star is diagonally above it at 10 o'clock. A spur of gas (green) is forming a faint bridge to the companion star due to gravitational attraction. The image also shows a ring of gas (green) surrounding the central star, with bubbles of gas to the lower left and upper right of the ring. The wind of material propelled by radiation from the hot central star has created enough pressure to blow open holes in the ends of the bubbles, allowing gas to escape. The red curved lines represent bright gas that is heated by a 'shock' caused when the central star's wind hits the walls of the bubbles. The nebula is as large as 130 solar systems, but, at its distance of 18,000 light-years, it appears only as big as a dime viewed a mile away. The Stingray is located in the direction of the southern constellation Ara (the Altar). The colors shown are actual colors emitted by nitrogen (red), oxygen (green), and hydrogen (blue). The filters used were F658N ([N II]), F502N ([O III]), and F487N (H-beta). The observations were made in March 1996. Credit: Matt Bobrowsky, Orbital Sciences Corporation and NASA

First Year Observations of Antarctic Circumpolar Current Variability and Internal Wave Activity from the DIMES Mooring Array

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brearley, J. A.; Sheen, K. L.; Naveira-Garabato, A. C.

2012-04-01

A key component of DIMES (Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean) is the deployment of a two-year cross-shaped mooring array in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to the east of Drake Passage close to 57°W. Motivation for the cluster arises from the need to understand how eddies dissipate in the Southern Ocean, and specifically how much energy is extracted from the mesoscale by breaking internal waves, which in turn leads to turbulent mixing. The location of the mooring cluster was chosen to fulfil these objectives, being situated in a region of pronounced finestructure with high eddy kinetic energy and rough topography. The array, comprising 34 current meters and Microcats and a downward-looking ADCP, was first deployed in December 2009 and serviced in December 2010. Time series of current meter results from the most heavily-instrumented 'C' mooring indicate that a strong (up to 80 cms-1) surface-intensified north-eastward directed ACC occupies the region for most of the year, with over 85% of the variability in current speed being accounted for by equivalent barotropic fluctuations. A strong mean poleward heat flux is observed at the site, which compares favourably in magnitude with literature results from other ACC locations. Interestingly, four episodes of mid-depth (~2000 m) current speed maxima, each of a few days duration, were found during the 360-day time series, a situation also observed by the lowered ADCP during mooring servicing in December 2010. Early results indicate that these episodes, which coincide with time minima in stratification close to 2000 m, could profoundly influence the nature of eddy-internal wave interactions at these times. Quantification of the energy budget at the mooring cluster has been a key priority. When compared with previous moorings located in Drake Passage (Bryden, 1977), a near threefold-increase in mean eddy kinetic energy (EKE) is observed despite a small reduction in the mean kinetic energy between these sites. The magnitude of interactions between the available potential energy and EKE and between the EKE and mean kinetic energy are of similar magnitude to those observed in Drake Passage. Unfortunately, the collapse of two moorings early in 2010 has meant that second-year data will be required before the exchange of energy between the eddy and internal wave frequency bands can be rigorously quantified. However, data from the downward-looking ADCP between 2700 and 3400 m is starting to identify the important frequencies and mechanisms of internal wave activity.

Hormetic effects of noncoplanar PCB exposed to human lung fibroblast cells (HELF) and possible role of oxidative stress.

PubMed

Hashmi, Muhammad Zaffar; Khan, Kiran Yasmin; Hu, Jinxing; Naveedullah; Su, Xiaomei; Abbas, Ghulam; Yu, Chunna; Shen, Chaofeng

2015-12-01

Hormesis, a biphasic dose-response phenomenon, which is characterized by stimulation of an end point at a low-dose and inhibition at a high-dose. In the present study we used human lungs fibroblast (HELF) cells as a test model to evaluate the role of oxidative stress (OS) in hormetic effects of non coplanar PCB 101. Results from 3-(4,5-dime-thylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazo-lium bromide (MTT) assay indicated that PCB101 at lower concentrations (10(-5) to 10(-1) μg mL(-1) ) stimulated HELF cell proliferation and inhibited at high concentrations (1, 5, 10, and 20 μg mL(-1) ) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (except 48 h) showed a significant increase at higher concentrations of PCB 101 than those at the lower concentrations with the passage of time. Antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) exhibited decreasing trends in dose and time dependent manner. Lipid peroxidation assay resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) of MDA level in PCB 101-treated HELF cells compared with controls, suggesting that OS plays a key role in PCB 101-induced toxicity. Comet assay indicated a significant increase in genotoxicity at higher concentrations of PCB 101 exposure compared to lower concentrations. Overall, we found that HELF cell proliferation was higher at low ROS level and vice versa, which revealed activation of cell signaling-mediated hormetic mechanisms. The results suggested that PCB 101 has hormetic effects to HELF cells and these were associated with oxidative stress. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Investigations into the chemical structure based selectivity of the microfabricated nitrogen-phosphorus detector

DOE PAGES

Brocato, Terisse A.; Hess, Ryan F.; Moorman, Matthew; ...

2015-10-28

The nitrogen and phosphorus atoms are constituents of some of the most toxic chemical vapors. Nitrogen-phosphorus gas chromatograph detectors (NPDs) rely on selective ionization of such compounds using ionization temperatures typically greater than 600 °C. NPDs have previously been reported to be 7*10 4× and 10 5× more sensitive for nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, than for carbon. Presented here is an investigation of the structure-based selectivity of a microfabricated nitrogen-phosphorus detector (μNPD). The μNPD presented here is smaller than a dime and can be placed in a system that is 1/100th the size of a commercial NPD. Comparison of responsesmore » of such devices to homologous anilines (p-methoxyaniline, p-fluoroaniline, and aniline) revealed that detection selectivity, determined by the ratio of μNPD to nonselective flame ionization detector (FID) peak areas, is correlated with acid disassociation pK a values for the respective analine. Selectivity was determined to be greatest for p-methoxyaniline, followed by p-fluoroaniline, with aniline having the smallest response. The limit of detection for a nitrogen containing chemical, p-methoxyaniline, using the μNPD was determined to be 0.29 ng compared to 59 ng for a carbon chemical containing no nitrogen or phosphorus, 1,3,5-trimethybenzene. The μNPD presented here has increased detection for nitrogen and phosphorus compared to the FID and with a slight increase in detection of carbon compounds compared to commercial NPD's sensitivity to nitrogen and carbon.« less

Erosion and Surface Morphology of Silicon Carbide Under Variable DIII-D Divertor Heat Fluxes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bringuier, Stefan; Abrams, Tyler; Khalifa, Hesham; Thomas, Dan; Holland, Leo; Rudakov, Dmitry; Briesemeister, Alexis

2017-10-01

A SiC coating of 250 μm, deposited onto a graphite DiMES cap via chemical vapor deposition, was exposed to 80 s of H-mode plasma bombardment in the DIII-D outer divertor with steady-state heat fluxes up to 3 MW m-2 and transient loads due to ELMs typically peaking at 10 MW m-2. In-situ monitoring of Si I and Si II atomic spectral lines revealed the presence of significant neutral Si and Si+ impurity influx, which are used to determine quantitative erosion rates via the S/XB method. No visual macroscopic flaking or delamination of the SiC coating was observed, supporting the notion that SiC is thermal-mechanically robust and compatible with graphite substrates at elevated temperatures. Post-mortem profilometric analysis also indicates no pronounced change in surface roughness after plasma exposure. Finally, we investigate aspects of preferential sputtering and changes to surface composition exposure using scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. Work supported under USDOE Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02-04ER54698.

From mesoscale eddies to small-scale turbulence in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Naveira Garabato, A.; Brearley, J. A.; Sheen, K. L.; Waterman, S. N.

2012-12-01

A foremost question in physical oceanography is that of how the oceanic mesoscale dissipates. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), in the Southern Ocean, is forced strongly by the wind and hosts a vigorous mesoscale eddy field. It has been recently suggested that substantial dampening of mesoscale flows in the region may occur through interactions with topography, on the basis of a number of indirect approaches. Here, we present the first direct evidence of a transfer of energy between mesoscale eddies and small-scale turbulence in the ACC, via the radiation, instability and breaking of internal waves generated as mesoscale flows impinge on rough topography. The evidence is provided by analysis of two data sets gathered by the DIMES (Diapycnal and Isopycnal Experiment in the Southern Ocean) experiment: (1) the observations of a mooring cluster, specifically designed to measure dynamical exchanges between the mesoscale eddy and internal wave fields in Drake Passage over a 2-year deployment; and (2) an extensive fine- and microstructure survey of the region. The physical mechanisms implicated in the cascade of energy across scales will be discussed.

Multiple Monochromatic Imaging (MMI) Status and Plans for LANL Campaigns on Omega and NIF

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wysocki, F. J.; Hsu, S. C.; Tregillis, I. L.; Schmitt, M. J.; Kyrala, G. A.; Martinson, D. D.; Murphy, T. J.; Mancini, R. C.; Nagayama, T.

2011-10-01

LANL's DIME (Defect Implosion Experiment) campaigns on Omega and NIF are aimed at obtaining improved understanding of defect-induced mix via experiments and simulations of directly driven high-Z doped plastic capsules with DD or DT gas fill. To this end, the MMI diagnostic has been identified as a key diagnostic for providing space and time-resolved density, temperature, and mix profiles. The high Z shell dopants used on Omega are Ti and V, and to be used on NIF are Ge and Se. This poster will discuss the following four areas of MMI-related work at LANL, in collaboration with UNR: (1) data and preliminary analysis of MMI data from FY11 Omega campaigns, (2) development of a capability to generate simulated MMI data from radiation- hydrodynamic simulations of ICF implosions, (3) design of an MMI instrument for NIF that will cover the photon energy range 9.5-16.9 keV which includes the Ge/Se, H- like/He-like, α/ β lines, and (4) the development of MMI data post- processing and spectroscopic analysis tools. Supported by DOE NNSA.

Development of Eulerian Code Modeling for ICF Experiments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bradley, Paul A.

2014-02-27

One of the most pressing unexplained phenomena standing in the way of ICF ignition is understanding mix and how it interacts with burn. Experiments were being designed and fielded as part of the Defect-Induced Mix Experiment (DIME) project to obtain data about the extent of material mix and how this mix influenced burn. Experiments on the Omega laser and National Ignition Facility (NIF) provided detailed data for comparison to the Eulerian code RAGE1. The Omega experiments were able to resolve the mix and provide “proof of principle” support for subsequent NIF experiments, which were fielded from July 2012 through Junemore » 2013. The Omega shots were fired at least once per year between 2009 and 2012. RAGE was not originally designed to model inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions. It still lacks lasers, so the code has been validated using an energy source. To test RAGE, the simulation output is compared to data and by means of postprocessing tools that were developed. Here, the various postprocessing tools are described with illustrative examples.« less

Athena

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chamberlain, Robert G.; Duquette, William H.; Provenzano, Joseph P.; Brunzie, Theodore J.; Jordan, Benjamin

2011-01-01

The Athena simulation software supports an analyst from DoD or other federal agency in making stability and reconstruction projections for operational analyses in areas like Iraq or Afghanistan. It encompasses the use of all elements of national power: diplomatic, information, military, and economic (DIME), and anticipates their effects on political, military, economic, social, information, and infrastructure (PMESII) variables in real-world battle space environments. Athena is a stand-alone model that provides analysts with insights into the effectiveness of complex operations by anticipating second-, third-, and higher-order effects. For example, the first-order effect of executing a curfew may be to reduce insurgent activity, but it may also reduce consumer spending and keep workers home as second-order effects. Reduced spending and reduced labor may reduce the gross domestic product (GDP) as a third-order effect. Damage to the economy will have further consequences. The Athena approach has also been considered for application in studies related to climate change and the smart grid. It can be applied to any project where the impacts on the population and their perceptions are important, and where population perception is important to the success of the project.

Elemental and topographical imaging of microscopic variations in deposition on NSTX-U and DIII-D samples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skinner, C. H.; Kaita, R.; Koel, B. E.; Chrobak, C. P.; Wampler, W. R.

2017-10-01

Tokamak plasma facing components (PFCs) have surface roughness that can cause microscopic spatial variations in erosion and deposition and hence influence material migration. Previous RBS measurements showed indirect evidence for this but the spatial (0.5mm) resolution was insufficient for direct imaging. We will present elemental images at sub-micron resolution of deposition on NSTX-U and DiMES samples that show strong microscopic variations and correlate this with 3D topographical maps of surface irregularities. The elemental imaging is performed with a Scanning Auger Microprobe (SAM) that measures element-specific Auger electrons excited by an SEM electron beam. 3D topographical maps of the samples are performed with a Leica DCM 3D confocal light microscope and compared to the elemental deposition pattern. The initial results appear consistent with erosion at the downstream edges of the surface pores exposed to the incident ion flux, whereas the deeper regions are shadowed and serve as deposition traps. Support was provided through DOE Contract Numbers DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-FC02-04ER54698 and DE-NA0003525.

The coming electric Wal-Mart

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Drzemiecki, J.H.; Augustini, P.

1993-07-15

Market power in the competitive electric marketplace will depend on being a low-price leader. Electric utility executives are beginning to peer over the wall into the emerging world of competitive electric markets. Many will be terrified by the uncertainties and disorder associated with new service offerings such as retail wheeling and the transformation of other vestiges of the vertically integrated electric monopolies known for the past 100 years. The potential for increased competition for retail customers promises to have as fundamental an effect on the electric utility industry as Wal-Mart has had on retailing. Firms that are prepared for themore » new competitive environment will be in the strongest position to respond to the marketplace; those that are not prepared might want to consider the fate of the corner five-and-dime. To remain competitive, utility executives must take proactive steps to redefine their vision of their company's future. Such a redefinition must include a candid assessment of the strategies to be taken to reposition their firm to succeed, not just within the existing service area but in multiple markets.« less

Calcitonin gene-related peptide enhances substance P-induced behaviors via metabolic inhibition: in vivo evidence for a new mechanism of neuromodulation.

PubMed

Mao, J; Coghill, R C; Kellstein, D E; Frenk, H; Mayer, D J

1992-03-06

The present study examined the effects of intrathecal (i.t.) injection of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on caudally directed biting and scratching induced by i.t. substance P (SP), bombesin (BBS), strychnine (STR), and kainic acid (KA). CGRP alone (5.25, 10.5 and 21 nmol) had no effect on these behaviors, but CGRP pretreatment produced a dose-related enhancement of behaviors induced by SP or BBS, but not by KA or STR. 2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV, 25 nmol), a selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, did not block the CGRP potentiation of SP and BBS induced behaviors. CGRP, however, failed to enhance scratching and biting induced by a SP analogue [pGlu5-Mephe8-MeGly9]SP(5-11) (Dime-C7) that is resistant to enzymatic degradation by SP endopeptidase. These findings demonstrate that CGRP potentiates SP induced behavioral responses via inhibition of neuropeptide degradation and that this mechanism may serve as a physiological mechanism of SP modulation.

Design of transient light signal simulator based on FPGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, Jing; Chen, Rong-li; Wang, Hong

2014-11-01

A design scheme of transient light signal simulator based on Field Programmable gate Array (FPGA) was proposed in this paper. Based on the characteristics of transient light signals and measured feature points of optical intensity signals, a fitted curve was created in MATLAB. And then the wave data was stored in a programmed memory chip AT29C1024 by using SUPERPRO programmer. The control logic was realized inside one EP3C16 FPGA chip. Data readout, data stream cache and a constant current buck regulator for powering high-brightness LEDs were all controlled by FPGA. A 12-Bit multiplying CMOS digital-to-analog converter (DAC) DAC7545 and an amplifier OPA277 were used to convert digital signals to voltage signals. A voltage-controlled current source constituted by a NPN transistor and an operational amplifier controlled LED array diming to achieve simulation of transient light signal. LM3405A, 1A Constant Current Buck Regulator for Powering LEDs, was used to simulate strong background signal in space. Experimental results showed that the scheme as a transient light signal simulator can satisfy the requests of the design stably.

PREFACE: 2013 Joint IMEKO (International Measurement Confederation) TC1-TC7-TC13 Symposium: Measurement Across Physical and Behavioural Sciences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Battista Rossi, Giovanni; Crenna, Francesco; Belotti, Vittorio

2013-09-01

The 2013 Joint IMEKO (International Measurement Confederation) TC1-C7-TC13 was organised by the University of Genova - DIME/MEC, Measurement Laboratory, Italy, on 4-6 September 2013. The work of this symposium is reported in this volume. The scope of the symposium includes the main topics covered by the above Technical Committees: TC1 Education and Training in Measurement and Instrumentation TC7 Measurement Science TC13 Measurements in Biology and Medicine This is in keeping with the tradition set by the previous events of this well established series. There has been a special focus on measurement across physical and behavioural sciences, with the aim of highlighting the interdisciplinary character of measurement science and of promoting constructive interactions with scientists in other disciplines. The discussion was introduced by keynote lectures on measurement challenges in psychophysics, psychometrics and quantum physics. The symposium was attended by experts working in these areas from 18 countries, including USA, Australia and Japan, and provided a useful forum for them to share and exchange their work and ideas. In total over sixty papers are included in the volume, organised according to the presentation sessions. Each paper was independently peer-reviewed by two reviewers from a distinguished international panel. The Symposium was held in Genova, which was the European Capital of Culture in 2004, and took place in Palazzo Ducale, an important historical building whose construction started in the 13th century, and that has been the house of the Duke of Genova from the 14th century. Genova, whose name comes from the Latin word 'Janua' (meaning 'door', as January is the door month of the year), has been regarded over the centuries as a door connecting Europe with the different countries and cultures of the Mediterranean basin and thus was an appropriate site for an international symposium involving different and new scientific visions and approaches to measurement, focused on a common objective: the human being. We would like to take this opportunity to thank the members of the Symposium Steering and International Programme Committees, many of whom acted as reviewers of the papers presented here under a very short timescale, as well as our sponsor, National Instruments. The editors hope that this volume will provide a useful contribution to enhancing the science, technology, education, and training in measurement and instrumentation. Giovanni Battista Rossi, Francesco Crenna and Vittorio Belotti Editors Università degli Studi di Genova - DIME/MEC Laboratorio di Misure Via all'Opera Pia 15 a I - 16145 Genova Italy LogoLogoLogo

Space Science

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-01-01

In this photo, the Gravity Probe B (GP-B) detector mount assembly is shown in comparison to the size of a dime. The assembly is used to detect exactly how much starlight is coming through different beams from the beam splitter in the telescope. The measurements from the tiny chips inside are what keeps GP-B aimed at the guide star. The GP-B is the relativity experiment developed at Stanford University to test two extraordinary predictions of Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity. The experiment will measure, very precisely, the expected tiny changes in the direction of the spin axes of four gyroscopes contained in an Earth-orbiting satellite at a 400-mile altitude. So free are the gyroscopes from disturbance that they will provide an almost perfect space-time reference system. They will measure how space and time are very slightly warped by the presence of the Earth, and, more profoundly, how the Earth’s rotation very slightly drags space-time around with it. These effects, though small for the Earth, have far-reaching implications for the nature of matter and the structure of the Universe. GP-B is among the most thoroughly researched programs ever undertaken by NASA. This is the story of a scientific quest in which physicists and engineers have collaborated closely over many years. Inspired by their quest, they have invented a whole range of technologies that are already enlivening other branches of science and engineering. Launched April 20, 2004 , the GP-B program was managed for NASA by the Marshall Space Flight Center. Development of the GP-B is the responsibility of Stanford University along with major subcontractor Lockheed Martin Corporation. (Image credit to Paul Ehrensberger, Stanford University.)

Use of amplicon sequencing to improve sensitivity in PCR-based detection of microbial pathogen in environmental samples.

PubMed

Saingam, Prakit; Li, Bo; Yan, Tao

2018-06-01

DNA-based molecular detection of microbial pathogens in complex environments is still plagued by sensitivity, specificity and robustness issues. We propose to address these issues by viewing them as inadvertent consequences of requiring specific and adequate amplification (SAA) of target DNA molecules by current PCR methods. Using the invA gene of Salmonella as the model system, we investigated if next generation sequencing (NGS) can be used to directly detect target sequences in false-negative PCR reaction (PCR-NGS) in order to remove the SAA requirement from PCR. False-negative PCR and qPCR reactions were first created using serial dilutions of laboratory-prepared Salmonella genomic DNA and then analyzed directly by NGS. Target invA sequences were detected in all false-negative PCR and qPCR reactions, which lowered the method detection limits near the theoretical minimum of single gene copy detection. The capability of the PCR-NGS approach in correcting false negativity was further tested and confirmed under more environmentally relevant conditions using Salmonella-spiked stream water and sediment samples. Finally, the PCR-NGS approach was applied to ten urban stream water samples and detected invA sequences in eight samples that would be otherwise deemed Salmonella negative. Analysis of the non-target sequences in the false-negative reactions helped to identify primer dime-like short sequences as the main cause of the false negativity. Together, the results demonstrated that the PCR-NGS approach can significantly improve method sensitivity, correct false-negative detections, and enable sequence-based analysis for failure diagnostics in complex environmental samples. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Gravity Probe B Detector Mount Assembly

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

In this photo, the Gravity Probe B (GP-B) detector mount assembly is shown in comparison to the size of a dime. The assembly is used to detect exactly how much starlight is coming through different beams from the beam splitter in the telescope. The measurements from the tiny chips inside are what keeps GP-B aimed at the guide star. The GP-B is the relativity experiment developed at Stanford University to test two extraordinary predictions of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. The experiment will measure, very precisely, the expected tiny changes in the direction of the spin axes of four gyroscopes contained in an Earth-orbiting satellite at a 400-mile altitude. So free are the gyroscopes from disturbance that they will provide an almost perfect space-time reference system. They will measure how space and time are very slightly warped by the presence of the Earth, and, more profoundly, how the Earth's rotation very slightly drags space-time around with it. These effects, though small for the Earth, have far-reaching implications for the nature of matter and the structure of the Universe. GP-B is among the most thoroughly researched programs ever undertaken by NASA. This is the story of a scientific quest in which physicists and engineers have collaborated closely over many years. Inspired by their quest, they have invented a whole range of technologies that are already enlivening other branches of science and engineering. Launched April 20, 2004 , the GP-B program was managed for NASA by the Marshall Space Flight Center. Development of the GP-B is the responsibility of Stanford University along with major subcontractor Lockheed Martin Corporation. (Image credit to Paul Ehrensberger, Stanford University.)

Detailed Studies of Hydrocarbon Radicals: C 2H Dissociation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wittig, Curt

2014-10-06

The goal of this research at its outset was a chemical physics investigation of C 2H properties: spectroscopy, dynamics (including non-adiabatic), thermodynamics, etc. using mainly the Rydberg-tagging technique that had been a mainstay of my laboratory for two decades. We encountered a number of technical obstacles that bogged us down for about a year and a half before switching to a very different approach. It was believed that the new approach would yield the UV absorption spectrum of cold, gas-phase C 2H. It involved using a cold CO 2 matrix (which does not react with C 2H) to simultaneously preparemore » the radical and propel it into vacuum. Many things happened. There was no shortage of data, and interesting phenomena were uncovered. About the only thing that did not happen was a clean UV spectrum of C 2H. I would say, to put it bluntly, that from the perspective of our original goal the whole effort was a colossal failure. I rarely come up empty handed, but I did this time. Excuses are a dime a dozen, so let's just say that things like this happen every so often.« less

Comparing Simulated and Observed Spectroscopic Signatures of Mix in Omega Capsules

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tregillis, I. L.; Shah, R. C.; Hakel, P.; Cobble, J. A.; Murphy, T. J.; Krasheninnikova, N. S.; Hsu, S. C.; Bradley, P. A.; Schmitt, M. J.; Batha, S. H.; Mancini, R. C.

2012-10-01

The Defect-Induced Mix Experiment (DIME) campaign at Los Alamos National Laboratory uses multi-monochromatic X-ray imaging (MMI)footnotetextT. Nagayama, R.C. Mancini, R. Florido, et al, J. App. Phys. 109, 093303 (2011) to detect the migration of high-Z spectroscopic dopants into the hot core of an imploded capsule. We have developed an MMI post-processing tool for producing synthetic datasets from two- and three-dimensional Lagrangian numerical simulations of Omega and NIF shots. These synthetic datasets are of sufficient quality, and contain sufficient physics, that they can be analyzed in the same manner as actual MMI data. We have carried out an extensive comparison between simulated and observed MMI data for a series of polar direct-drive shots carried out at the Omega laser facility in January, 2011. The capsule diameter was 870 microns; the 15 micron CH ablators contained a 2 micron Ti-doped layer along the inner edge. All capsules were driven with 17 kJ; some capsules were manufactured with an equatorial ``trench'' defect. This talk will focus on the construction of spectroscopic-quality synthetic MMI datasets from numerical simulations, and their correlation with MMI measurements.

Single molecule studies reveal new mechanisms for microtubule severing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ross, Jennifer; Diaz-Valencia, Juan Daniel; Morelli, Margaret; Zhang, Dong; Sharp, David

2011-03-01

Microtubule-severing enzymes are hexameric complexes made from monomeric enzyme subunits that remove tubulin dimers from the microtubule lattice. Severing proteins are known to remodel the cytoskeleton during interphase and mitosis, and are required in proper axon morphology and mammalian bone and cartilage development. We have performed the first single molecule imaging to determine where and how severing enzymes act to cut microtubules. We have focused on the original member of the group, katanin, and the newest member, fidgetin to compare their biophysical activities in vitro. We find that, as expected, severing proteins localize to areas of activity. Interestingly, the association is very brief: they do not stay bound nor do they bind cooperatively at active sites. The association duration changes with the nucleotide content, implying that the state in the catalytic cycle dictates binding affinity with the microtubule. We also discovered that, at lower concentrations, both katanin and fidgetin can depolymerize taxol-stabilized microtubules by removing terminal dimers. These studies reveal the physical regulation schemes to control severing activity in cells, and ultimately regulate cytoskeletal architecture. This work is supported by the March of Dimes Grant #5-FY09-46.

Effects of epidemic threshold definition on disease spread statistics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lagorio, C.; Migueles, M. V.; Braunstein, L. A.; López, E.; Macri, P. A.

2009-03-01

We study the statistical properties of SIR epidemics in random networks, when an epidemic is defined as only those SIR propagations that reach or exceed a minimum size sc. Using percolation theory to calculate the average fractional size of an epidemic, we find that the strength of the spanning link percolation cluster P∞ is an upper bound to . For small values of sc, P∞ is no longer a good approximation, and the average fractional size has to be computed directly. We find that the choice of sc is generally (but not always) guided by the network structure and the value of T of the disease in question. If the goal is to always obtain P∞ as the average epidemic size, one should choose sc to be the typical size of the largest percolation cluster at the critical percolation threshold for the transmissibility. We also study Q, the probability that an SIR propagation reaches the epidemic mass sc, and find that it is well characterized by percolation theory. We apply our results to real networks (DIMES and Tracerouter) to measure the consequences of the choice sc on predictions of average outcome sizes of computer failure epidemics.

Spectroscopic measurements and modeling of tungsten erosion in the DIII-D divertor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abrams, T. D.; Ding, R.; Guo, H. Y.; Leonard, A. W.; Thomas, D. M.; Allen, S. L.; McLean, A. G.; Briesemeister, A. R.; Unterberg, E. A.; Chrobak, C.; Doerner, R. P.; Rudakov, D. L.; Elder, J. D.; Stangeby, P. C.; Wampler, W. R.; Watkins, J. G.

2015-11-01

In situ time-resolved measurements of the gross W erosion rate have been performed in DIII-D by monitoring W/I (400.9 nm) emission in the divertor via a filtered camera and high-resolution spectrometer. The erosion rate of a thin W coating on DiMES, inferred via the S/XB method, was found to be ~ 0.7 nm/s during deuterim L-mode exposure, in fair agreement with post-mortem IBA analysis but lower than REDEP/WBC modeling. During H-mode He bombardment of W disks, average erosion rates of ~ 2.9 nm/s and ~ 9.0 nm/s were estimated during the inter-ELM and intra-ELM phases, using ne and Te from divertor Thomson scattering and Langmuir probes. Results will also be presented from additional W erosion experiments in preparation for the DIII-D mini-campaign to measure high-Z transport in the edge plasma. Comparisons will be made with ERO modeling Supported by US DOE DE-AC05-06OR23100, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-SC0001961, DE-AC04-94AL85000.

The National Network of State Perinatal Quality Collaboratives: A Growing Movement to Improve Maternal and Infant Health.

PubMed

Henderson, Zsakeba T; Ernst, Kelly; Simpson, Kathleen Rice; Berns, Scott; Suchdev, Danielle B; Main, Elliott; McCaffrey, Martin; Lee, Karyn; Rouse, Tara Bristol; Olson, Christine K

2018-03-01

State Perinatal Quality Collaboratives (PQCs) are networks of multidisciplinary teams working to improve maternal and infant health outcomes. To address the shared needs across state PQCs and enable collaboration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in partnership with March of Dimes and perinatal quality improvement experts from across the country, supported the development and launch of the National Network of Perinatal Quality Collaboratives (NNPQC). This process included assessing the status of PQCs in this country and identifying the needs and resources that would be most useful to support PQC development. National representatives from 48 states gathered for the first meeting of the NNPQC to share best practices for making measurable improvements in maternal and infant health. The number of state PQCs has grown considerably over the past decade, with an active PQC or a PQC in development in almost every state. However, PQCs have some common challenges that need to be addressed. After its successful launch, the NNPQC is positioned to ensure that every state PQC has access to key tools and resources that build capacity to actively improve maternal and infant health outcomes and healthcare quality.

The National Network of State Perinatal Quality Collaboratives: A Growing Movement to Improve Maternal and Infant Health.

PubMed

Henderson, Zsakeba T; Ernst, Kelly; Simpson, Kathleen Rice; Berns, Scott D; Suchdev, Danielle B; Main, Elliott; McCaffrey, Martin; Lee, Karyn; Rouse, Tara Bristol; Olson, Christine K

2018-02-01

State Perinatal Quality Collaboratives (PQCs) are networks of multidisciplinary teams working to improve maternal and infant health outcomes. To address the shared needs across state PQCs and enable collaboration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in partnership with March of Dimes and perinatal quality improvement experts from across the country, supported the development and launch of the National Network of PQCs National Network of Perinatal Quality Collaboratives (NNPQC). This process included assessing the status of PQCs in this country and identifying the needs and resources that would be most useful to support PQC development. National representatives from 48 states gathered for the first meeting of the NNPQC to share best practices for making measurable improvements in maternal and infant health. The number of state PQCs has grown considerably over the past decade, with an active PQC or a PQC in development in almost every state. However, PQCs have some common challenges that need to be addressed. After its successful launch, the NNPQC is positioned to ensure that every state PQC has access to key tools and resources that build capacity to actively improve maternal and infant health outcomes and healthcare quality.

Delicious ice cream, why does salt thaw ice?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bagnoli, Franco

2016-03-01

Plain Awful is an imaginary valley on the Andes populated by a highly-imitative, cubical people for which the most criminal offence is to exhibit round objects. The duck family (Scrooge, Donald and nephews) are teaming against Scrooge's worst enemy, Flintheart Glomgold, trying to buy the famous Plain Awful square eggs. Inadvertently, Scrooge violates the taboo, showing his Number One Dime, and is imprisoned in the stone quarries. He can be released only after the presentation of an ice cream soda to the President of Plain Awful. Donald and his nephews fly with Flintheart to deliver it, but Scrooge's enemy, of course, betrays the previous agreement after getting the ice cream, forcing the ducks into making an emergence replacement on the spot. Using dried milk, sugar and chocolate from their ration packs, plus some snow and salt for cooling they are able make the ice cream, and after dressing it with the carbonated water from a fire extinguisher they finally manage to produce the desired dessert. This comic may serve as an introduction to the "mysterious" phenomenon that added salt melts the ice and, even more surprising, does it by lowering the temperature of the mixture.

NASA Microgravity Science Competition for High-school-aged Student Teams

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

DeLombard, Richard; Stocker, Dennis; Hodanbosi, Carol; Baumann, Eric

2002-01-01

NASA participates in a wide variety of educational activities including competitive events. There are competitive events sponsored by NASA and student teams which are mentored by NASA centers. This participation by NASA in public forums serves to bring the excitement of aerospace science to students and educators. A new competition for highschool-aged student teams involving projects in microgravity has completed two pilot years and will have national eligibility for teams during the 2002-2003 school year. A team participating in the Dropping In a Microgravity Environment will research the field of microgravity, develop a hypothesis, and prepare a proposal for an experiment to be conducted in a microgravity drop tower facility. A team of NASA scientists and engineers will select the top proposals and those teams will then design and build their experiment apparatus. When the experiment apparatus are completed, team representatives will visit NASA Glenn in Cleveland, Ohio for operation of their facility and participate in workshops and center tours. Presented in this paper will be a description of DIME, an overview of the planning and execution of such a program, results from the first two pilot years, and a status of the first national competition.

Economic and financial outcomes in transplantation: whose dime is it anyway?

PubMed

Axelrod, David A

2013-04-01

Organ transplant is a resource-intensive service that has been subjected to increasing scrutiny in this era of cost containment. A detailed understanding of the economic (societal) and financial (transplant provider) implications of organ quality, recipient characteristics, and allocation policy is vital for the transplant professionals. Prior studies of kidney transplant economics demonstrate significant cost savings achieved by eliminating the need for long-term dialysis. However, transplant providers are experiencing higher financial costs because of changes in recipient characteristics and broader use of marginal organs. Liver transplantation economics are also more challenging because of the severity of illness-based organ allocation. Furthermore, the use of more allografts recovered from donors after cardiac death has been demonstrated to increase costs with minimal benefits. Finally, successful long-term mechanical support devices have fundamentally changed the economic implications of advanced heart failure care. Although care for end-stage organ failure through transplant is one of the landmark accomplishments of 20th century medicine, maintaining or expanding access to transplant care is threatened by the high cost of care. Novel strategies are vital to reduce the financial burden faced by the centers that transplant high-risk patients and utilize lower quality organs.

Discrimination of the rare medicinal plant Dendrobium officinale based on naringenin, bibenzyl, and polysaccharides.

PubMed

Chen, Xiaomei; Wang, Fangfei; Wang, Yunqiang; Li, Xuelan; Wang, Airong; Wang, Chunlan; Guo, Shunxing

2012-12-01

The aim of this study was to establish a method for discriminating Dendrobium officinale from four of its close relatives Dendrobium chrysanthum, Dendrobium crystallinum, Dendrobium aphyllum and Dendrobium devonianum based on chemical composition analysis. We analyzed 62 samples of 24 Dendrobium species. High performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed that the four low molecular weight compounds 4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone (naringenin), 3,4-dihydroxy-4',5-dime-thoxybibenzyl (DDB-2), 3',4-dihydroxy-3,5'-dimethoxybibenzyl (gigantol), and 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3',5-trimethoxybibenzy (moscatilin), were common in the genus. The phenol-sulfuric acid method was used to quantify polysaccharides, and the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides was determined by gas chromatography. Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to differentiate among the five closely related species based on the chemical composition analysis. This proved to be a simple and accurate approach for discriminating among these species. The results also showed that the polysaccharide content, the amounts of the four low molecular weight compounds, and the mannose to glucose ratio, were important factors for species discriminant. Therefore, we propose that a chemical analysis based on quantification of naringenin, bibenzyl, and polysaccharides is effective for identifying D. officinale.

Isotopic Measurements of Organic Sulfonates From The Murchison Meteorite

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cooper, G. W.; Chang, S.; DeVincenzi, Donald L. (Technical Monitor)

1995-01-01

Organic sulfonates and phosphonates have been extracted from the Murchison meteorite for stable isotope measurements. Preliminary stable isotope measurements of individual alkyl sulfonates, R-SO3H (R=C(sub n)H(sub 2n+l)), are shown. These compounds were found in aqueous extracts of Murchison. Both groups show trends similar to other homologous series of organic compounds indigenous to Murchison. Molecular abundances decrease with increasing carbon number, and all possible isomers at each carbon number (through C-4) are present. Carbon isotope measurements of the sulfonates show a decrease in the C-13/C-12 ratio with increasing carbon number. The overall objectives of this project are to obtain dime element carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur - intramolecular isotopic analyses of individual sulfonates, and isotopic measurement of carbon and hydrogen of the phosphonates as a group. The Murchison meteorite is the best characterized carbonaceous chondrite with respect to organic chemistry. The finding of organic sulfonates and phosphonates in Murchison is of interest because they are the first well-characterized series of sulfur and phosphorus containing organic compounds found in meteorites. Also, meteorites, comets, and interplanetary dust particles may have been involved in chemical evolution on the early Earth. Because of the critical role of organic phosphorus and sulfur in all living systems, it is particularly interesting to see examples of abiotic syntheses of these classes of compounds. The study of the isotopic composition of the sulfonates and phosphonates can yield insight into their possible interstellar origin as well as their mechanisms of synthesis in the early solar system. Previous isotopic analyses of other classes of organic compounds indigenous to meteorites, e.g., amino acids, carboxylic acids, and hydrocarbons indicate the possibility that interstellar molecules were incorporated into meteorite parent bodies. In these compounds the ratios of heavy to light isotopes of hydrogen (D/H), carbon (C-13/C-12), and nitrogen (N-15/N-14), are anomalous relative to bulk terrestrial and meteoritic values. In some cases, the D/H ratios approach those observed for molecules in interstellar clouds.

A Microscale View of Mixing and Overturning Across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Naveira Garabato, A.; Polzin, K. L.; Ferrari, R. M.; Zika, J. D.; Forryan, A.

2014-12-01

The meridional overturning circulation and stratication of the global ocean are shaped critically by processes in the Southern Ocean. The zonally unblocked nature of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) confers the region with a set of special dynamics that ultimately results in the focussing therein of large vertical exchanges between layers spanning the global ocean pycnocline. These vertical exchanges are thought to be mediated by oceanic turbulent motions (associated with mesoscale eddies and small-scale turbulence), yet the vastness of the Southern Ocean and the sparse and intermittent nature of turbulent processes make their relative roles and large-scale impacts extremely difficult to assess.Here, we address the problem from a new angle, and use measurements of the centimetre-scale signatures of mesoscale eddies and small-scale turbulence obtained during the DIMES experiment to determine the contributions of those processes to sustaining large-scale meridional overturning across the ACC. We find that mesoscale eddies and small-scale turbulence play complementary roles in forcing a meridional circulation of O(1 mm / s) across the Southern Ocean, and that their roles are underpinned by distinct and abrupt variations in the rates at which they mix water parcels. The implications for our understanding of the Southern Ocean circulation's sensitivity to climatic change will be discussed.

The inter-ELM tungsten erosion profile in DIII-D H-mode discharges and benchmarking with ERO+OEDGE modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abrams, T.; Ding, R.; Guo, H. Y.; Thomas, D. M.; Chrobak, C. P.; Rudakov, D. L.; McLean, A. G.; Unterberg, E. A.; Briesemeister, A. R.; Stangeby, P. C.; Elder, J. D.; Wampler, W. R.; Watkins, J. G.

2017-05-01

It is important to develop a predictive capability for the tungsten source rate near the strike points during H-mode operation in ITER and beyond. H-mode deuterium plasma exposures were performed on W-coated graphite and molybdenum substrates in the DIII-D divertor using DiMES. The W-I 400.9 nm spectral line was monitored by fast filtered diagnostics cross calibrated via a high-resolution spectrometer to resolve inter-ELM W erosion. The effective ionization/photon (S/XB) was calibrated using a unique method developed on DIII-D based on surface analysis. Inferred S/XB values agree with an existing empirical scaling at low electron density (n e) but diverge at higher densities, consistent with recent ADAS atomic physics modeling results. Edge modeling of the inter-ELM phase is conducted via OEDGE utilizing the new capability for charge-state resolved carbon impurity fluxes. ERO modeling is performed with the calculated main ion and impurity plasma background from OEDGE. ERO results demonstrate the importance a mixed-material surface model in the interpretation of W sourcing measurements. It is demonstrated that measured inter-ELM W erosion rates can be well explained by C→W sputtering only if a realistic mixed material model is incorporated.

Exploring the effects of defects on DT burn, the DIME experiment and measuring capsule zero-order hydrodynamics using Polar direct drive

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Magelssen, G. R.; Bradley, P. A.; Tregillis, I. L.; Schmitt, M. J.; Dodd, E. S.; Wysocki, F. J.; Hsu, S. C.; Cobble, J.; Batha, S. H.; Defriend Obrey, K. A.

2010-11-01

Small capsule perturbations may impact our ability to achieve high yields on NIF. Diagnosing the hydrodynamic development and the effect of defects on burn will be difficult. Los Alamos is developing a program to better understand the hydrodynamics of defects and how they influence burn. Our first effort to study the effects of defects was on Omega. Both thin-shelled (exploding pusher) and thick-shelled capsules were shot and the results published [1]. In this work we add experimental shots done recently on Omega. These shots were to complete the study of how the width and depth of the defect affects DT yield. Our AMR code is used to predict the yield. Comparisons between capsule and experimental yields will be given. Experiments are also being designed for Polar direct drive. Our first experiments are being designed to understand the zero-order hydrodynamics with Polar direct drive. Capsules about a millimeter in radius are being designed with one to two dopants in the CH shell for radiograph and MMI usage. Also, to minimize the effect of mix on the radius versus time trajectory, some capsules will replace the DT with Xe.[0pt] [1] Magelssen G. R. et al., to be published in the 2009 IFSA proceedings.

Modifications of W and Mo leading edges under plasma loads in DIII-D divertor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudakov, D. L.; Bykov, I.; Moyer, R. A.; Abrams, T.; Chrobak, C. P.; Guo, H. Y.; Stahl, B.; Thomas, D. M.; Barton, J. L.; Nygren, R. E.; Watkins, J. G.; Lasnier, C. J.; Litnovsky, Andrey; Stangeby, P. C.; Unterberg, E. A.

2017-10-01

Cracking and melting of W and Mo leading edges were observed in the lower divertor of DIII-D during experiments with intentionally misaligned W monoblocks (MBs) and in the course of the Metal Rings Campaign involving W-coated Mo tile inserts (TIs). MBs were exposed near the attached outer strike point during deuterium and helium L- and H-mode discharges using DiMES. Two of the MBs were misaligned by 0.3 mm and 1 mm, forming leading edges. Particulate ejection from a 1 mm leading edge was observed during the exposure, and evidence of melting and cracking was found post mortem. Two toroidal rings of TIs were installed in the lower outer divertor, the inner one at the floor and the outer one at the shelf. The floor TIs bowed during plasma exposure forming leading edges up to 1.2 mm high; about 40% of these edges experienced melting. Re-solidified melt layers up to 1 mm thick were observed, their shape being consistent with motion in the jx B direction with j driven by electron emission. Work supported by US DOE under DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-AC04-94AL85000, DE-AC52-07NA27344, and DE-AC05-00OR22725.

Curiosity First 16 Rock or Soil Sampling Sites on Mars

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-03

This graphic maps locations of the sites where NASA's Curiosity Mars rover collected its first 18 rock or soil samples for analysis by laboratory instruments inside the vehicle. It also presents images of the drilled holes where 14 rock-powder samples were acquired. Curiosity scooped two soil samples at each of the other two sites: Rocknest and Gobabeb. The diameter of each drill hole is about 0.6 inch (1.6 centimeters), slightly smaller than a U.S. dime. The images used here are raw color, as recorded by the rover's Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) camera. Notice the differences in color of the material at different drilling sites. For the map, north is toward upper left corner. The scale bar represents 2 kilometers (1.2 miles). The base map is from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The latest sample site included is "Quela,"where Curiosity drilled into bedrock of the Murray formation on Sept. 18, 2016, during the 1,464th Martian day, or sol, of the mission. Curiosity landed in August 2012 on the plain (named Aeolis Palus) near Mount Sharp (or Aeolis Mons). More drilling samples collected by MSL are available at http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA20845

A Field Guide to Extra-Tropical Cyclones: Comparing Models to Observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bauer, M.

2008-12-01

Climate it is said is the accumulation of weather. And weather is not the concern of climate models. Justification for this latter sentiment has long hidden behind coarse model resolutions and blunt validation tools based on climatological maps and the like. The spatial-temporal resolutions of today's models and observations are converging onto meteorological scales however, which means that with the correct tools we can test the largely unproven assumption that climate model weather is correct enough, or at least lacks perverting biases, such that its accumulation does in fact result in a robust climate prediction. Towards this effort we introduce a new tool for extracting detailed cyclone statistics from climate model output. These include the usual cyclone distribution statistics (maps, histograms), but also adaptive cyclone- centric composites. We have also created a complementary dataset, The MAP Climatology of Mid-latitude Storminess (MCMS), which provides a detailed 6 hourly assessment of the areas under the influence of mid- latitude cyclones based on Reanalysis products. Using this we then extract complimentary composites from sources such as ISCCP and GPCP to create a large comparative dataset for climate model validation. A demonstration of the potential usefulness of these tools will be shown. dime.giss.nasa.gov/mcms/mcms.html

Opioid Use in Pregnancy, Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, and Childhood Outcomes: Executive Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Academy of Pediatrics, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the March of Dimes Foundation.

PubMed

Reddy, Uma M; Davis, Jonathan M; Ren, Zhaoxia; Greene, Michael F

2017-07-01

In April 2016, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development invited experts to a workshop to address numerous knowledge gaps and to review the evidence for the screening and management of opioid use in pregnancy and neonatal abstinence syndrome. The rising prevalence of opioid use in pregnancy has led to a concomitant dramatic fivefold increase in neonatal abstinence syndrome over the past decade. Experts from diverse disciplines addressed research gaps in the following areas: 1) optimal screening for opioid use in pregnancy; 2) complications of pregnancy associated with opioid use; 3) appropriate treatments for pregnant women with opioid use disorders; 4) the best approaches for detecting, treating, and managing newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome; and 5) the long-term effects of prenatal opioid exposure on children. Workshop participants identified key scientific opportunities to advance the understanding of opioid use disorders in pregnancy and to improve outcomes for affected women, their children, and their families. This article provides a summary of the workshop presentations and discussions.

Consolidating newborn screening efforts in the Asia Pacific region : Networking and shared education.

PubMed

Padilla, Carmencita David; Therrell, Bradford L

2012-01-01

Many of the countries in the Asia Pacific Region, particularly those with depressed and developing economies, are just initiating newborn screening programs for selected metabolic and other congenital disorders. The cultural, geographic, language, and economic differences that exist throughout the region add to the challenges of developing sustainable newborn screening systems. There are currently more developing programs than developed programs within the region. Newborn screening activities in the Asia Pacific Region are particularly important since births there account for approximately half of the world's births. To date, there have been two workshops to facilitate formation of the Asia Pacific Newborn Screening Collaboratives. The 1st Workshop on Consolidating Newborn Screening Efforts in the Asia Pacific Region occurred in Cebu, Philippines, on March 30-April 1, 2008, as a satellite meeting to the 7th Asia Pacific Conference on Human Genetics. The second workshop was held on June 4-5, 2010, in Manila, Philippines. Workshop participants included key policy-makers, service providers, researchers, and consumer advocates from 11 countries with 50% or less newborn screening coverage. Expert lectures included experiences in the United States and the Netherlands, international quality assurance activities and ongoing and potential research activities. Additional meeting support was provided by the U.S. National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. National Newborn Screening and Genetics Resource Center, the International Society for Neonatal Screening, and the March of Dimes. As part of both meeting activities, participants shared individual experiences in program implementation with formal updates of screening information for each country. This report reviews the activities and country reports from two Workshops on Consolidating Newborn Screening Efforts in the Asia Pacific Region with emphasis on the second workshop. It also updates the literature on screening activities and implementation/expansion challenges in the participating countries.

Achieving an HIV vaccine: the need for an accelerated national campaign.

PubMed

Marlink, R

1997-11-01

The development of an effective HIV vaccine has become a crucial national healthcare goal. To develop a worldwide AIDS vaccine, an international collaboration with developing countries is needed. The global approach rationale is threefold: millions of lives can be saved, a vaccine preparation can be tested more rapidly and economically among populations with high rates of infections; and the HIV epidemic comprises at least ten different subtypes. Although a number of barriers to the successful development of an HIV vaccine exist, the polio vaccine can be used as an example to show researchers how to overcome the obstacles. Jonas Salk, the polio vaccine developer, used killed whole virus in a technique that critics argued would not be fully effective. However, the Salk vaccine reduced polio-related paralysis by 72 percent, while the more effective Sabin oral vaccine did not become available until several years later. The lesson to be learned is that any percent of effectiveness is better than nothing, and researchers should not abandon uncertain HIV vaccine development efforts because they believe a better solution may develop in the future. The existence of traditional research should not preclude the development of new solutions that might prove more effective. For example, in the case of polio, the March of Dimes campaign pushed both the Salk and Sabin vaccines despite the skepticism of many academic research groups.

Worker policing by egg eating in the ponerine ant Pachycondyla inversa.

PubMed

D'Ettorre, Patrizia; Heinze, Jürgen; Ratnieks, Francis L W

2004-07-07

We investigated worker policing by egg eating in the ponerine ant Pachycondyla inversa, a species with morphologically distinct queens and workers. Colonies were split into one half with the queen and one half without. Workers in queenless colony fragments started laying unfertilized male eggs after three weeks. Worker-laid eggs and queen-laid eggs were introduced into five other queenright colonies with a single queen and three colonies with multiple queens, and their fate was observed for 30 min. Significantly more worker-laid eggs (range of 35-62%, mean of 46%) than queen-laid eggs (range of 5-31%, mean of 15%) were eaten by workers in single-queen colonies, and the same trend was seen in multiple-queen colonies. This seems to be the first well-documented study of ants with a distinct caste polymorphism to show that workers kill worker-laid eggs in preference to queen-laid eggs. Chemical analyses showed that the surfaces of queen-laid and worker-laid eggs have different chemical profiles as a result of different relative proportions of several hydrocarbons. Such differences might provide the information necessary for differential treatment of eggs. One particular alkane, 3,11-dimeC27, was significantly more abundant on the surfaces of queen-laid eggs. This substance is also the most abundant compound on the cuticles of egg layers.

More than just nickels and dimes: a cross-national analysis of working poverty in affluent democracies.

PubMed

Brady, David; Fullerton, Andrew S; Cross, Jennifer Moren

2010-01-01

Despite its centrality to contemporary inequality, working poverty is often popularly discussed but rarely studied by sociologists. Using the Luxembourg Income Study (2009), we analyze whether an individual is working poor across 18 affluent democracies circa 2000. We demonstrate that working poverty does not simply mirror overall poverty and that there is greater cross-national variation in working than overall poverty. We then examine four explanations for working poverty: demographic characteristics, economic performance, unified theory, and welfare generosity. We utilize Heckman probit models to jointly model the likelihood of employment and poverty among the employed. Our analyses provide the least support for the economic performance explanation. There is modest support for unified theory as unionization reduces working poverty in some models. However, most of these effects appear to be mediated by welfare generosity. More substantial evidence exists for the demographic characteristics and welfare generosity explanations. An individual's likelihood of being working poor can be explained by (a) a lack of multiple earners or other adults in one's household, low education, single motherhood, having children and youth; and (b) the generosity of the welfare state in which he or she resides. Also, welfare generosity does not undermine employment and reduces working poverty even among demographically vulnerable groups. Ultimately, we encourage a greater role for the welfare state in debates about working poverty.

Destination Memory Impairment in Older People

PubMed Central

Gopie, Nigel; Craik, Fergus I. M.; Hasher, Lynn

2012-01-01

Older adults are assumed to have poor destination memory— knowing to whom they tell particular information—and anecdotes about them repeating stories to the same people are cited as informal evidence for this claim. Experiment 1 assessed young and older adults’ destination memory by having participants tell facts (e.g., “A dime has 118 ridges around its edge”) to pictures of famous people (e.g., Oprah Winfrey). Surprise recognition memory tests, which also assessed confidence, revealed that older adults, compared to young adults, were disproportionately impaired on destination memory relative to spared memory for the individual components (i.e., facts, faces) of the episode. Older adults also were more confident that they had not told a fact to a particular person when they actually had (i.e., a miss); this presumably causes them to repeat information more often than young adults. When the direction of information transfer was reversed in Experiment 2, such that the famous people shared information with the participants (i.e., a source memory experiment), age-related memory differences disappeared. In contrast to the destination memory experiment, older adults in the source memory experiment were more confident than young adults that someone had shared a fact with them when a different person actually had shared the fact (i.e., a false alarm). Overall, accuracy and confidence jointly influence age-related changes to destination memory, a fundamental component of successful communication. PMID:20718537

Destination memory impairment in older people.

PubMed

Gopie, Nigel; Craik, Fergus I M; Hasher, Lynn

2010-12-01

Older adults are assumed to have poor destination memory-knowing to whom they tell particular information-and anecdotes about them repeating stories to the same people are cited as informal evidence for this claim. Experiment 1 assessed young and older adults' destination memory by having participants tell facts (e.g., "A dime has 118 ridges around its edge") to pictures of famous people (e.g., Oprah Winfrey). Surprise recognition memory tests, which also assessed confidence, revealed that older adults, compared to young adults, were disproportionately impaired on destination memory relative to spared memory for the individual components (i.e., facts, faces) of the episode. Older adults also were more confident that they had not told a fact to a particular person when they actually had (i.e., a miss); this presumably causes them to repeat information more often than young adults. When the direction of information transfer was reversed in Experiment 2, such that the famous people shared information with the participants (i.e., a source memory experiment), age-related memory differences disappeared. In contrast to the destination memory experiment, older adults in the source memory experiment were more confident than young adults that someone had shared a fact with them when a different person actually had shared the fact (i.e., a false alarm). Overall, accuracy and confidence jointly influence age-related changes to destination memory, a fundamental component of successful communication. (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

Parental questionnaire as a screening instrument for motor function at age five.

PubMed

Nordbye-Nielsen, Kirsten; Kesmodel, Ulrik Schiøler

2014-12-01

No standardised method is used to determine motor function in children in general practice in Denmark. Our aim was to evaluate the correlation between a parental questionnaire assessing motor function at the age of five years and the clinical test Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC), and to assess whether one or more questions could be used to screen for motor problems at the age of five years. This study was based on a parental questionnaire containing ten questions. The M-ABC was used as the gold standard. n = 755 children. The Mann-Whitney rank sum test, Pearson's χ(2)-test, logistic regression analyses and sensitivity and specificity were used to assess the correlation between the questionnaire and the M-ABC test. The best screening tool was six questions in combination: sensitivity 39.8%, specificity 87.1%. Asking if a health professional ever expressed concern about the childs motor development had a sensitivity of 17.0% and a specificity of 93.9%. A parental questionnaire used as a screening instrument to identify children with motor problems has a reasonable specificity, but a low sensitivity. The six questions can be used to identify children who do not have motor function difficulties with a relatively high certainty, and it can fairly well identify children with motor function problems. This study was primarily supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Additional support was obtained from The Danish Health and Medicines Authority, the Lundbeck Foundation, Ludvig & Daara Elsass Foundation, the Augustinus Foundation, and Aase & Ejnar Danielsens Foundation. The Danish National Research Foundation has established the Danish Epidemiology Science Centre that initiated and created the Danish National Birth Cohort. The cohort is furthermore a result of a major grant from this Foundation. Additional support for the Danish National Birth Cohort is obtained from the Pharmacy Foundation, the Egmont Foundation, the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, the Augustinus Foundation and the Health Foundation. Approved by the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) Board of Directors, the DNBC Steering Committee, the Regional Ethics Committee, the Danish Data Protection Agency and the CDC Institutional Review Board.

Calibrating the Helium Pressurization System for the Space Shuttle Liquid-Hydrogen Tank

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2008-01-01

Analysis of the results from the STS-114 tanking tests and subsequent launch called into question existing thermal and mass models of helium pressurization of the liquid hydrogen tank. This hydrogen tank, which makes up the bottom two-thirds of the External Tank, is pressurized prior to launch to avoid cavitation in the Shuttle Main Engine pumps. At about 2 minutes prior to launch, the main vent valve is closed, and pressurized helium flows into the tank ullage space to achieve set point pressure. As the helium gas cools, its pressure drops, calling for additional helium. Subsequent helium flows are provided in short, timed pulses. The number of pulses is taken as a rough leak indicator. An analysis of thermal models by Marshall Space Flight Center showed considerable uncertainty in the pressure-versus-time behavior of the helium ullage space and the ability to predict the number of pulses normally expected. Kennedy Space Center proposed to calibrate the dime-sized orifice, which together with valves, controls the helium flow quantity (Figure 1). Pressure and temperature sensors were installed to provide upstream and downstream measurements necessary to compute flow rate based on the orifice discharge coefficient. An assessment of flow testing with helium indicated an extremely costly use of this critical resource. In order to reduce costs, we proposed removing the orifices from each Mobile Launcher Platform (MLP) and asking Colorado Engineering Experiment Station Inc. (CEESI) to calibrate the flow. CEESI has a high-pressure air flow system with traceable flow meters capable of handling the large flow rates. However, literature research indicated that square-edged orifices of small diameters often exhibit significant hysteresis and nonrepeatability in the vicinity of choked or sonic flow. Fortunately, the MLP orifices behaved relatively well in testing (Figure 2). Using curve fitting of the air-flow data, in conjunction with ASME orifice modeling equations, a method of relating the helium mass flow to measured air flow data was obtained. This analysis showed that the highest uncertainty in flow occurred in the vicinity of the choking pressure ratio, as would be expected. In addition, analysis of typical flow pulses showed that most of the helium flow occurred either well below or well above this uncertain area. The final result is the ability to provide postlaunch estimates of helium mass flows that are within 1.5 percent of the actual value.

Designing symmetric polar direct drive implosions on the Omega laser facility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krasheninnikova, Natalia S.; Cobble, James A.; Murphy, Thomas J.; Tregillis, Ian L.; Bradley, Paul A.; Hakel, Peter; Hsu, Scott C.; Kyrala, George A.; Obrey, Kimberly A.; Schmitt, Mark J.; Baumgaertel, Jessica A.; Batha, Steven H.

2014-04-01

Achieving symmetric capsule implosions with Polar Direct Drive [S. Skupsky et al., Phys. Plasmas 11, 2763 (2004); R. S. Craxton et al., Phys. Plasmas 12, 056304 (2005); F. J. Marshall et al., J. Phys. IV France 133, 153-157 (2006)] has been explored during recent Defect Induced Mix Experiment campaign on the Omega facility at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics. To minimize the implosion asymmetry due to laser drive, optimized laser cone powers, as well as improved beam pointings, were designed using 3D radiation-hydrodynamics code HYDRA [M. M. Marinak et al., Phys. Plasmas 3, 2070 (1996)]. Experimental back-lit radiographic and self-emission images revealed improved polar symmetry and increased neutron yield which were in good agreement with 2D HYDRA simulations. In particular, by reducing the energy in Omega's 21.4° polar rings by 16.75%, while increasing the energy in the 58.9° equatorial rings by 8.25% in such a way as to keep the overall energy to the target at 16 kJ, the second Legendre mode (P2) was reduced by a factor of 2, to less than 4% at bang time. At the same time the neutron yield increased by 62%. The polar symmetry was also improved relative to nominal DIME settings by a more radical repointing of OMEGA's 42.0° and 58.9° degree beams, to compensate for oblique incidence and reduced absorption at the equator, resulting in virtually no P2 around bang time and 33% more yield.

Viejas Wildfire

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

More than 2,000 firefighters continue to battle the 'Viejas Wildfire' which has consumed more than 11,000 acres in the dry, mountainous region just east of San Diego, California. Authorities there believe the blaze may have been started on Wednesday, January 3, by a cigarette thrown from a car on Interstate 8. Shifty winds with gusts of up to 65 miles per hour helped fan and quickly spread the flames. Late Wednesday, eyewitnesses reported seeing thick smoke and dime-sized bits of ash blowing toward downtown San Diego, prompting health officials there to warn residents with respiratory conditions to take necessary precautions. Parts of other communities, such as Alpine, have been evacuated to avoid the rapidly spreading flames. Firefighters estimate that the Viejas Fire, named after a nearby Native American reservation, will be contained by late Saturday, January 6. This image of the wildfire was acquired on January 4, 2001, by the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), flying aboard NASA's Terra spacecraft. The scene shows the wildfire and smoke plume from the Alpine region, east of San Diego. This false-color image was generated using a combination of MODIS' thermal infrared data, at 1-kilometer resolution, along with two of the sensor's 500-meter resolution visible channels. These data were acquired via direct broadcast by the SeaSpace TeraScan SX-EOS receiving station at SeaSpace Corporation in Poway, California. The image was processed, Earth-located and enhanced using TeraScan software. Image courtesy Dave Brooks, SeaSpace Corporation

The inter-ELM tungsten erosion profile in DIII-D H-mode discharges and benchmarking with ERO+OEDGE modeling [The inter-ELM W erosion profile in DIII-D H-mode discharges and benchmarking with OEDGE+ERO modeling

DOE PAGES

Abrams, Tyler; Ding, Rui; Guo, Houyang Y.; ...

2017-04-03

It is important to develop a predictive capability for the tungsten source rate near the strike points during H-mode operation in ITER and beyond. H-mode deuterium plasma exposures were performed on W-coated graphite and TZM molybdenum substrates in the DIII-D divertor using DiMES. The W-I 400.9 nm spectral line was monitored by fast filtered diagnostics cross calibrated via a high-resolution spectrometer to resolve inter-ELM W erosion. The effective ionization/photon (S/XB) was calibrated using a unique method developed on DIII-D based on surface analysis. Inferred S/XB values agree with an existing empirical scaling at low electron density (n e) but divergemore » at higher densities, consistent with recent ADAS atomic physics modeling results. Edge modeling of the inter-ELM phase is conducted via OEDGE utilizing the new capability for charge-state resolved carbon impurity fluxes. ERO modeling is performed with the calculated main ion and impurity plasma background from OEDGE. ERO results demonstrate the importance a mixed-material surface model in the interpretation of W sourcing measurements. As a result, it is demonstrated that measured inter-ELM W erosion rates can be well explained by C→W sputtering only if a realistic mixed material model is incorporated.« less

Studies of short-range tungsten migration in DIII-D divertor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudakov, D. L.; Stangeby, P. C.; Elder, J. D.; Ding, R.; Abrams, T.; Unterberg, E. A.; Briesemeister, A.; Donovan, D.; McLean, A. G.; Guo, H. Y.; Thomas, D. M.; Hinson, E.; Wampler, W. R.; Watkins, J. G.

2016-10-01

Two toroidal rings of 5 cm wide W-coated TZM inserts were installed in the lower divertor of DIII-D. Migration of W on the graphite tile surfaces 1-6 cm radially outwards from the outermost ring was studied in a series of 23 reproducible lower single null L-mode discharges with the Outer Strike Point (OSP) placed on the ring. The discharges used 3.2 MW of NBI heating power; plasma density and electron temperature at the OSP were about 1x1020m-3 and 30 eV. W gross erosion rates were measured via monitoring 400.9 nm WI line and applying S/XB coefficient. W deposition was measured on a graphite DiMES sample used as a divertor collector probe. The sample featured two 1 mm wide radial inserts; one was exposed for the whole experiment, the other was exchanged every 4-8 plasma discharges. Measurements of the areal density of W on the inserts by post-mortem RBS analysis show that W deposition is largest in the area of net carbon deposition, possibly due to W re-erosion suppression by C deposits. Measured W coverage in the area of net C erosion is comparable to ERO modeling predictions. Supported by US DOE under DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-AC04-94AL85000, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-FC02-04ER54698.

Using mHealth to Deliver Behavior Change Interventions Within Prenatal Care at Community Health Centers.

PubMed

Mauriello, Leanne M; Van Marter, Deborah F; Umanzor, Cindy D; Castle, Patricia H; de Aguiar, Emma L

2016-09-01

To test an iPad-delivered multiple behavior tailored intervention (Healthy Pregnancy: Step by Step) for pregnant women that addresses smoking cessation, stress management, and fruit and vegetable consumption. A randomized 2 × 5 factorial repeated measures design was employed with randomization on the individual level stratified on behavior risk. Women completed three sessions during pregnancy and two postpartum at postdelivery months 1 and 4. Women were recruited from six locations of federally funded health centers across three states. Participants (N = 335) were English- and Spanish-speaking women at up to 18 weeks gestation. The treatment group received three interactive sessions focused on two priority health behavior risks. The sessions offered individually tailored and stage-matched change strategies based on the transtheoretical model of behavior change. The usual care group received March of Dimes brochures. The primary outcome was the number of behavior risks. Stage of change and continuous measures for all behaviors also were assessed. Data were analyzed across all time points using generalized estimating equations examining repeated measures effects. Women in the treatment group reported significantly fewer risks than those in usual care at 1 month (.85 vs. 1.20, odds ratio [OR] = .70) and 4 months postpartum (.72 vs. .91, OR = .81). Healthy Pregnancy is an evidence-based and personalized program that assists pregnant women with reducing behavior risks and sustaining healthy lifestyle behaviors. © 2016 by American Journal of Health Promotion, Inc.

The inter-ELM tungsten erosion profile in DIII-D H-mode discharges and benchmarking with ERO+OEDGE modeling [The inter-ELM W erosion profile in DIII-D H-mode discharges and benchmarking with OEDGE+ERO modeling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abrams, Tyler; Ding, Rui; Guo, Houyang Y.

It is important to develop a predictive capability for the tungsten source rate near the strike points during H-mode operation in ITER and beyond. H-mode deuterium plasma exposures were performed on W-coated graphite and TZM molybdenum substrates in the DIII-D divertor using DiMES. The W-I 400.9 nm spectral line was monitored by fast filtered diagnostics cross calibrated via a high-resolution spectrometer to resolve inter-ELM W erosion. The effective ionization/photon (S/XB) was calibrated using a unique method developed on DIII-D based on surface analysis. Inferred S/XB values agree with an existing empirical scaling at low electron density (n e) but divergemore » at higher densities, consistent with recent ADAS atomic physics modeling results. Edge modeling of the inter-ELM phase is conducted via OEDGE utilizing the new capability for charge-state resolved carbon impurity fluxes. ERO modeling is performed with the calculated main ion and impurity plasma background from OEDGE. ERO results demonstrate the importance a mixed-material surface model in the interpretation of W sourcing measurements. As a result, it is demonstrated that measured inter-ELM W erosion rates can be well explained by C→W sputtering only if a realistic mixed material model is incorporated.« less

Position paper for health authorities: archived clinical pathology data-treasure to revalue and appropriate.

PubMed

Nwose, E U; Richards, R S; Butkowski, E; Cann, Nathan

2010-12-01

Archived clinical pathology data (ACPD) is recognized as useful for research. Given our privileged de-identified ACPD from South West Pathology Service (SWPS), attempt is made to estimate what it would cost any researcher without such privilege to generate the same data. The Ethics Committee of the Area Health Service approved a request for Dr. Uba Nwose to use de-identified ACPD acquired by the SWPS for clinical laboratory-based translational biomedical science research. 10-years (1999-2008) have been pooled to constitute the database. Data include blood sugar, cholesterol, D-dime, ESR, glucose tolerance, haematocrit, HbA 1 c, homocysteine, serum creatinine, total protein and vitamins [C & E] amongst others. For this report, the bulk-billed-cost of tests were estimated based on number and unit price of each test performed. AU$ 17,507,136.85 is the cost paid by Medicare in the period. This amount is a conservative estimate that could be spent to generate such 10-years data in the absence of ACPD. The health/pathology service has not given any financial research grant. However, the support-in-kind is worth more than celebrated competitive research grants. It calls for revaluatrion by academic, research and scientific institutions the use ofACPD. For the countries where such provision is non-existent, this report provides a 'Position Paper' to present to the directorates or institutes of health authorities to appropriate the value of ACPD and approve of their use as a research treasure and resource management tool.

Measurements of a Lee Wave in the Southern Ocean: Energy and Momentum Fluxes and Mixing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cusack, J. M.; Naveira Garabato, A.; Smeed, D.; Girton, J. B.

2016-02-01

Lee waves, internal waves generated by stratified flow over topographic features are thought to break and generate a significant proportion of the turbulent mixing required to close the abyssal overturning circulation. A lack of observations means that there is large uncertainty in the magnitude of contribution that lee waves make to turbulent transformations, as well as their importance in local and global momentum and energy budgets. Two EM-APEX profiling floats deployed in the Drake Passage during the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment (DIMES) independently measured a large lee wave over the Shackleton Fracture Zone. A model for steady EM-APEX motion is presented and used to calculate absolute vertical water velocity in addition to horizontal velocity measurements made by the floats. The wave is observed to have velocity fluctuations in all three directions of over 15 cm s-1 and a frequency close to the local buoyancy frequency. Furthermore, the wave has a measured peak vertical flux of horizontal momentum of 6 N m-2, a value that is two orders of magnitude larger than the time mean wind forcing on the Southern Ocean. Linear internal wave theory was used to estimate wave energy density and fluxes, while a mixing parameterisation was used to estimate the magnitude of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation, which was found to be elevated above typical background levels by two orders of magnitude. This work provides the first direct measurement of a lee wave generated by ACC flow over topography with simultaneous estimates of energy fluxes and mixing.

Surface boundary layer turbulence in the Southern ocean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Merrifield, Sophia; St. Laurent, Louis; Owens, Breck; Naveira Garabato, Alberto

2015-04-01

Due to the remote location and harsh conditions, few direct measurements of turbulence have been collected in the Southern Ocean. This region experiences some of the strongest wind forcing of the global ocean, leading to large inertial energy input. While mixed layers are known to have a strong seasonality and reach 500m depth, the depth structure of near-surface turbulent dissipation and diffusivity have not been examined using direct measurements. We present data collected during the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES) field program. In a range of wind conditions, the wave affected surface layer (WASL), where surface wave physics are actively forcing turbulence, is contained to the upper 15-20m. The lag-correlation between wind stress and turbulence shows a strong relationship up to 6 hours (˜1/2 inertial period), with the winds leading the oceanic turbulent response, in the depth range between 20-50m. We find the following characterize the data: i) Profiles that have a well-defined hydrographic mixed layer show that dissipation decays in the mixed layer inversely with depth, ii) WASLs are typically 15 meters deep and 30% of mixed layer depth, iii) Subject to strong winds, the value of dissipation as a function of depth is significantly lower than predicted by theory. Many dynamical processes are known to be missing from upper-ocean parameterizations of mixing in global models. These include surface-wave driven processes such as Langmuir turbulence, submesocale frontal processes, and nonlocal representations of mixing. Using velocity, hydrographic, and turbulence measurements, the existence of coherent structures in the boundary layer are investigated.

Designing symmetric polar direct drive implosions on the Omega laser facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krasheninnikova, Natalia S.; Cobble, James A.; Murphy, Thomas J.

2014-04-15

Achieving symmetric capsule implosions with Polar Direct Drive [S. Skupsky et al., Phys. Plasmas 11, 2763 (2004); R. S. Craxton et al., Phys. Plasmas 12, 056304 (2005); F. J. Marshall et al., J. Phys. IV France 133, 153–157 (2006)] has been explored during recent Defect Induced Mix Experiment campaign on the Omega facility at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics. To minimize the implosion asymmetry due to laser drive, optimized laser cone powers, as well as improved beam pointings, were designed using 3D radiation-hydrodynamics code HYDRA [M. M. Marinak et al., Phys. Plasmas 3, 2070 (1996)]. Experimental back-lit radiographic and self-emissionmore » images revealed improved polar symmetry and increased neutron yield which were in good agreement with 2D HYDRA simulations. In particular, by reducing the energy in Omega's 21.4° polar rings by 16.75%, while increasing the energy in the 58.9° equatorial rings by 8.25% in such a way as to keep the overall energy to the target at 16 kJ, the second Legendre mode (P{sub 2}) was reduced by a factor of 2, to less than 4% at bang time. At the same time the neutron yield increased by 62%. The polar symmetry was also improved relative to nominal DIME settings by a more radical repointing of OMEGA's 42.0° and 58.9° degree beams, to compensate for oblique incidence and reduced absorption at the equator, resulting in virtually no P{sub 2} around bang time and 33% more yield.« less

Horizontal mixing in the Southern Ocean from Argo float trajectories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roach, Christopher J.; Balwada, Dhruv; Speer, Kevin

2016-08-01

We provide the first observational estimate of the circumpolar distribution of cross-stream eddy diffusivity at 1000 m in the Southern Ocean using Argo float trajectories. We show that Argo float trajectories, from the float surfacing positions, can be used to estimate lateral eddy diffusivities in the ocean and that these estimates are comparable to those obtained from RAFOS floats, where they overlap. Using the Southern Ocean State Estimate (SOSE) velocity fields to advect synthetic particles with imposed behavior that is "Argo-like" and "RAFOS-like" diffusivity estimates from both sets of synthetic particles agreed closely at the three dynamically very different test sites, the Kerguelen Island region, the Southeast Pacific Ocean, and the Scotia Sea, and support our approach. Observed cross-stream diffusivities at 1000 m, calculated from Argo float trajectories, ranged between 300 and 2500 m2 s-1, with peaks corresponding to topographic features associated with the Scotia Sea, the Kerguelen Plateau, the Campbell Plateau, and the Southeast Pacific Ridge. These observational estimates agree with previous regional estimates from the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES) near the Drake Passage, and other estimates from natural tracers (helium), inverse modeling studies, and current meter measurements. These estimates are also compared to the suppressed eddy diffusivity in the presence of mean flows. The comparison suggests that away from regions of strong topographic steering suppression explains both the structure and magnitude of eddy diffusivity but that eddy diffusivities in the regions of topographic steering are greater than what would be theoretically expected and the ACC experiences localized enhanced cross-stream mixing in these regions.

Circumpolar Estimates of Isopycnal Mixing in the ACC from Argo Floats

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roach, C. J.; Balwada, D.; Speer, K. G.

2015-12-01

There are few direct observations of cross-stream isopycnal mixing in the interior of the Southern Ocean, yet such measurements are needed to determine the role of eddies transporting properties across the ACC, and key to progress toward testing theories of meridional overturning. In light of this we examine if it is possible to obtain estimates of mixing from Argo float trajectories. We divided the Southern Ocean into overlapping 15ο longitude bins before estimating mixing. Resulting diffusivities ranged from 300 to 3000 m2s-1, with peaks corresponding to the Scotia Sea; Kerguelen and Campbell Plateaus. Comparison of our diffusivities with previous regional studies demonstrated good agreement. Tests of the methodology in the DIMES region found that mixing from Argo floats agreed closely with mixing from RAFOS floats. To further test the method we used the Southern Ocean State Estimate velocity fields to advect particles with Argo and RAFOS float like behaviours. Stirring estimates from the particles agreed well with each other in the Kerguelen Island region, South Pacific and Scotia Sea, despite the differences in the imposed behaviour. Finally, these estimates were compared to mixing length suppression theory presented in Ferrari and Nikurashin 2010. This mixing length suppression theory quantifies horizontal diffusivity similar to Prandtl (1925), but the mixing length is suppressed in the presence of mean flows and eddy phase speeds. Our results suggest that the theory can explain both the structure and magnitude of mixing using mean flow data. An exception is near the Kerguelen and Campbell Plateaus where theory under-estimates mixing relative to our results.

Curiosity First 14 Rock or Soil Sampling Sites on Mars

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-06-13

This graphic maps locations of the first 14 sites where NASA's Curiosity Mars rover collected rock or soil samples for analysis by laboratory instruments inside the vehicle. It also presents images of the drilled holes where 12 rock-powder samples were acquired. At the other two sites -- Rocknest and Gobabeb -- Curiosity scooped soil samples. The diameter of each drill hole is about 0.6 inch (1.6 centimeters), slightly smaller than a U.S. dime. The images used here are raw color, as recorded by the rover's Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) camera. Notice the differences in color of the material at different drilling sites. The latest sample site included is "Oudam," where Curiosity drilled into mudstone of the "Murray formation" on June 4, during the 1,361th Martian day, or sol, of the mission. Curiosity landed in August 2012 on the plain (named Aeolis Palus) near Mount Sharp (or Aeolis Mons). Dates when the first 11 drilled-rock samples were collected are: "John Klein" on Feb. 8, 2013 (Sol 182); "Cumberland" on May 19, 2013 (Sol 279); "Windjana" on May 5, 2014 (Sol 621); "Confidence Hills" on Sept. 24, 2014 (Sol 759); "Mojave" on Jan. 29, 2015 (Sol 882); "Telegraph Peak" on Feb. 24, 2015 (Sol 908); "Buckskin" on July 30, 2015 (Sol 1060); "Big Sky" on Sept. 29, 2015 (Sol 1119); "Greenhorn" on Oct. 18, 2015 (Sol 1137); "Lubango" on April 23, 2016 (Sol 1320); and "Okoruso" on May 5, 2016 (Sol 1332). http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA20748

Post-hoc analysis of vitamin D status and reduced risk of preterm birth in two vitamin D pregnancy cohorts compared with South Carolina March of Dimes 2009-2011 rates.

PubMed

Wagner, C L; Baggerly, C; McDonnell, S; Baggerly, K A; French, C B; Baggerly, L; Hamilton, S A; Hollis, B W

2016-01-01

Two vitamin D pregnancy supplementation trials were recently undertaken in South Carolina: The NICHD (n=346) and Thrasher Research Fund (TRF, n=163) studies. The findings suggest increased dosages of supplemental vitamin D were associated with improved health outcomes of both mother and newborn, including risk of preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation). How that risk was associated with 25(OH)D serum concentration, a better indicator of vitamin D status than dosage, by race/ethnic group and the potential impact in the community was not previously explored. While a recent IOM report suggested a concentration of 20 ng/mL should be targeted, more recent work suggests optimal conversion of 25(OH)D-1,25(OH)2D takes place at 40 ng/mL in pregnant women. Post-hoc analysis of the relationship between 25(OH)D concentration and preterm birth rates in the NICHD and TRF studies with comparison to Charleston County, South Carolina March of Dimes (CC-MOD) published rates of preterm birth to assess potential risk reduction in the community. Using the combined cohort datasets (n=509), preterm birth rates both for the overall population and for the subpopulations achieving 25(OH)D concentrations of ≤20 ng/mL, >20 to <40 ng/mL, and ≥40 ng/mL were calculated; subpopulations broken down by race/ethnicity were also examined. Log-binomial regression was used to test if an association between 25(OH)D serum concentration and preterm birth was present when adjusted for covariates; locally weighted regression (LOESS) was used to explore the relationship between 25(OH)D concentration and gestational age (weeks) at delivery in more detail. These rates were compared with 2009-2011 CC-MOD data to assess potential risk reductions in preterm birth. Women with serum 25(OH)D concentrations ≥40 ng/mL (n=233) had a 57% lower risk of preterm birth compared to those with concentrations ≤20 ng/mL [n=82; RR=0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.22,0.83]; this lower risk was essentially unchanged after adjusting for covariates (RR=0.41, 95% CI=0.20,0.86). The fitted LOESS curve shows gestation week at birth initially rising steadily with increasing 25(OH)D and then plateauing at ∼40 ng/mL. Broken down by race/ethnicity, there was a 79% lower risk of preterm birth among Hispanic women with 25(OH)D concentrations ≥40 ng/mL (n=92) compared to those with 25(OH)D concentrations ≤20 ng/mL (n=29; RR=0.21, 95% CI=0.06,0.69) and a 45% lower risk among Black women (n=52 and n=50; RR=0.55, 95% CI=0.17,1.76). There were too few white women with low 25(OH)D concentrations for assessment (n=3). Differences by race/ethnicity were not statistically significant with 25(OH)D included as a covariate. Compared to the CC-MOD reference group, women with serum concentrations ≥40 ng/mL in the combined cohort had a 46% lower rate of preterm birth overall (n=233, p=0.004) with a 66% lower rate among Hispanic women (n=92, p=0.01) and a 58% lower rate among black women (n=52, p=0.04). In this post-hoc analysis, achieving a 25(OH)D serum concentration ≥40 ng/mL significantly decreased the risk of preterm birth compared to ≤20 ng/mL. These findings suggest the importance of raising 25(OH)D levels substantially above 20 ng/mL; reaching 40 ng/mL during pregnancy would reduce the risk of preterm birth and achieve the maximal production of the active hormone. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Trace elements quantified by the APXS on Mars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gellert, R.; Berger, J. A.; Boyd, N.; O'Connell-Cooper, C.; Desouza, E.; Thompson, L. M.; VanBommel, S.; Yen, A.

2017-12-01

The APXS accurately quantifies many trace elements within the dime-sized sample: Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Pb, Br, Se, As, and Y with 20 ppm detection limit (DL) and Rb, Sr, Zr, Co, Cr, and Mn with 200 ppm DL. Together with the major and minor elements, this gives important constraints for a variety of formation processes of the investigated soils, floats or extensive bedrock on Mars. The global soil, found at all rover landing sites, was used to define an average Mars value for Ni, Zn, Cr and Mn, with a consistent value of Fe/Mn 50 for soils and igneous rocks. All other APXS trace elements are below DL. Strong enrichments or depletions can both give evidence for the formation processes and link together groups of rocks and indicate their common diagenetic origin. Felsic rocks at Gale and Gusev have Cr, Ni and Zn far below soil, indicating their likely igneous origin. Further, similarly low values are found in elevated silica samples in the Murray Fm. at Gale where these elements have been mobilized and leached by fluids. High Sr and Ga was found in the host rock surrounding the Garden City vein system, which contains also high Ge, Mn and Cu, indicating mobilization in high temperature and/or acidic fluids after the Murray was lithified. The fracture fill sample Stephen at Windjana is high in Zn, Co and Cu. Germanium is enriched in the Murray Fm with very consistent values of about 100 ppm over many kilometers and 200 meters elevation, similar to perviously found bedrock at Yellowknife Bay and Windjana in Gale. Zinc is highly elevated but changes significantly with elevation in Murray, often correlated with Fe/Mn, possibly indicating changing redox conditions. Pb and Se are highly enriched at Pahrump (150, 75 ppm, resp.), drop first to low values and increase again uphill towards HematiteRidge. Nodules found at Pahrump show striking evidence for (Mg, Ni)-sulfates with Nickel up to 4% in the sulfates. All together these trends might indicate hydrothermal activity. The MER APXS instruments with somewhat higher DL found similar patterns. Elevated Ge was found at Home plate, Gusev crater, and at the rim of Endeavour crater at Meridiani Planum. Together with detailed investigations of SNC meteorites, the APXS detected trace elements supplement the bulk chemistry significantly and allow new insights into the formation processes encountered on Mars

Born Too Soon: Accelerating actions for prevention and care of 15 million newborns born too soon

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Preterm birth complication is the leading cause of neonatal death resulting in over one million deaths each year of the 15 million babies born preterm. To accelerate change, we provide an overview of the comprehensive strategy required, the tools available for context-specific health system implementation now, and the priorities for research and innovation. There is an urgent need for action on a dual track: (1) through strategic research to advance the prevention of preterm birth and (2) improved implementation and innovation for care of the premature neonate. We highlight evidence-based interventions along the continuum of care, noting gaps in coverage, quality, equity and implications for integration and scale up. Improved metrics are critical for both burden and tracking programmatic change. Linked to the United Nation's Every Women Every Child strategy, a target was set for 50% reduction in preterm deaths by 2025. Three analyses informed this target: historical change in high income countries, recent progress in best performing countries, and modelling of mortality reduction with high coverage of existing interventions. If universal coverage of selected interventions were to be achieved, then 84% or more than 921,000 preterm neonatal deaths could be prevented annually, with antenatal corticosteroids and Kangaroo Mother Care having the highest impact. Everyone has a role to play in reaching this target including government leaders, professionals, private sector, and of course families who are affected the most and whose voices have been critical for change in many of the countries with the most progress. Declaration This article is part of a supplement jointly funded by Save the Children's Saving Newborn Lives programme through a grant from The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and March of Dimes Foundation and published in collaboration with the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and the World Health Organization (WHO). The original article was published in PDF format in the WHO Report "Born Too Soon: the global action report on preterm birth" (ISBN 978 92 4 150343 30), which involved collaboration from more than 50 organizations. The article has been reformatted for journal publication and has undergone peer review according to Reproductive Health's standard process for supplements and may feature some variations in content when compared to the original report. This co-publication makes the article available to the community in a full-text format. PMID:24625252

Born Toon Soon: Preterm birth matters

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Urgent action is needed to address preterm birth given that the first country-level estimates show that globally 15 million babies are born too soon and rates are increasing in most countries with reliable time trend data. As the first in a supplement entitled "Born Too Soon", this paper focuses on the global policy context. Preterm birth is critical for progress on Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG) for child survival by 2015 and beyond, and gives added value to maternal health (MDG 5) investments also linking to non-communicable diseases. For preterm babies who survive, the additional burden of prematurity-related disability may affect families and health systems. Prematurity is an explicit priority in many high-income settings; however, more attention is needed especially in low- and middle-income countries where the invisibility of preterm birth as well as its myths and misconceptions have slowed action on prevention and care. Recent global attention to preterm birth hit a tipping point in 2012, with the May 2 publication of Born Too Soon: The Global Action Report on Preterm Birth and with the 2nd annual World Prematurity Day on November 17 which mobilised the actions of partners in many countries to address preterm birth and newborn health. Interventions to strengthen preterm birth prevention and care span the continuum of care for reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health. Both prevention of preterm birth and implementation of care of premature babies require more research, as well as more policy attention and programmatic investment. Declaration This article is part of a supplement jointly funded by Save the Children's Saving Newborn Lives programme through a grant from The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and March of Dimes Foundation and published in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO). The original article was published in PDF format in the WHO Report "Born Too Soon: the global action report on preterm birth (ISBN 978 92 4 150343 30). The article has been reformatted for journal publication and has undergone peer review according to Reproductive Health's standard process for supplements and may feature some variations in content when compared to the original report. This co-publication makes the article available to the community in a full-text format. PMID:24625113

A Comparison Between Internal Waves Observed in the Southern Ocean and Lee Wave Generation Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nikurashin, M.; Benthuysen, J.; Naveira Garabato, A.; Polzin, K. L.

2016-02-01

Direct observations in the Southern Ocean report enhanced internal wave activity and turbulence in a few kilometers above rough bottom topography. The enhancement is co-located with the deep-reaching fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, suggesting that the internal waves and turbulence are sustained by near-bottom flows interacting with rough topography. Recent numerical simulations confirm that oceanic flows impinging on rough small-scale topography are very effective generators of internal gravity waves and predict vigorous wave radiation, breaking, and turbulence within a kilometer above bottom. However, a linear lee wave generation theory applied to the observed bottom topography and mean flow characteristics has been shown to overestimate the observed rates of the turbulent energy dissipation. In this study, we compare the linear lee wave theory with the internal wave kinetic energy estimated from finestructure data collected as part of the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES). We show that the observed internal wave kinetic energy levels are generally in agreement with the theory. Consistent with the lee wave theory, the observed internal wave kinetic energy scales quadratically with the mean flow speed, stratification, and topographic roughness. The correlation coefficient between the observed internal wave kinetic energy and mean flow and topography parameters reaches 0.6-0.8 for the 100-800 m vertical wavelengths, consistent with the dominant lee wave wavelengths, and drops to 0.2-0.5 for wavelengths outside this range. A better agreement between the lee wave theory and the observed internal wave kinetic energy than the observed turbulent energy dissipation suggests remote breaking of internal waves.

GPS Observations of Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances over New Zealand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Otsuka, Y.; Lee, C.; Shiokawa, K.; Tsugawa, T.; Nishioka, M.

2014-12-01

Using the GPS data obtained from dual-frequency GPS receivers in New Zealand, we have made two-dimensional maps of total electron content (TEC) in 2012 in order to reveal statistical characteristics of MSTIDs at mid-latitudes in southern hemisphere. As of 2012, approximately 40 GPS receivers are in operation in New Zealand. We found that most of the MSITDs over New Zealand propagate northwestward during nighttime in summer and northeastward during daytime in winter. The propagation direction of the nighttime MSTIDs is consistent with the theory that polarization electric fields play an important role in the generating MSTIDs. Because the daytime MSTIDs propagate equatorward, we can speculate that they could be caused by atmospheric gravity waves in the thermosphere. The propagation direction of the daytime MSTIDs also has an eastward component in addition to the equatorward component. This feature is consistent with the daytime MSTIDs observed at mid-latitudes in both northern and southern hemispheres. By carrying out model calculations, we have shown that the eastward component of the MSTID propagation direction during daytime is attributed to an interaction of gravity waves to the background neutral winds. Because most of the daytime MSTIDs appear before 14 LT, the background neutral winds could blow westward. According to the dispersion relation for atmospheric gravity waves, vertical wavelength of the gravity waves becomes larger when the gravity wave propagates in the direction opposite to the background winds. Consequently, the gravity waves having an eastward component of the propagation direction could cause larger amplitude of TEC variations compared to the gravity waves propagating westward. This could be a reason why the propagation direction of the dime MSTIDs has an eastward component.

Temporal evolution of a Current Sheet with Initial Finite Perturbations by Three-dimensional MHD Simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yokoyama, Takaaki

Temporal evolution of a current sheet with initial perturbations is studied by using the threedimensional resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. The magnetic reconnection is considered to be the main engine of the energy rele ase in solar flares. The structure of the diffusion region is, however, not stil l understood under the circumstances with enormously large magnetic Reynolds num ber as the solar corona. In particular, the relationship between the flare's macroscopic physics and the microscopic ones are unclear. It is generally believed that the MHD turbulence s hould play a role in the intermediate scale. The initial current sheet is in an approximately hydromagnetic equilibrium with anti-parallel magnetic field in the y-direction. We imposed a finite-amplitude perturbations (=50ee what happens. Special attention is paid upon the evolution of a three-dimens ional structure in the direction along the initial electric current (z-direction ). Our preliminary results are as follows: (1) In the early phase of the evolut ion, high wavenumber modes in the z-direction are excited and grow. (2) Many "X "-type neutral points (lines) are generated along the magnetic neutral line (pla ne) in the current sheet. When they evolve into the non-linear phase, three-dime nsional structures in the z-direction also evolve. The spatial scale in the z-di rection seems to be almost comparable with that in the xy-plane. (3) The energy release rate is reduced in case of 3D simulations compared with 2D ones probably because of the reduction of the inflow cross sections by the formation of pattc hy structures in the current sheet.

Born Too Soon: The global epidemiology of 15 million preterm births

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

This second paper in the Born Too Soon supplement presents a review of the epidemiology of preterm birth, and its burden globally, including priorities for action to improve the data. Worldwide an estimated 11.1% of all livebirths in 2010 were born preterm (14.9 million babies born before 37 weeks of gestation), with preterm birth rates increasing in most countries with reliable trend data. Direct complications of preterm birth account for one million deaths each year, and preterm birth is a risk factor in over 50% of all neonatal deaths. In addition, preterm birth can result in a range of long-term complications in survivors, with the frequency and severity of adverse outcomes rising with decreasing gestational age and decreasing quality of care. The economic costs of preterm birth are large in terms of immediate neonatal intensive care, ongoing long-term complex health needs, as well as lost economic productivity. Preterm birth is a syndrome with a variety of causes and underlying factors usually divided into spontaneous and provider-initiated preterm births. Consistent recording of all pregnancy outcomes, including stillbirths, and standard application of preterm definitions is important in all settings to advance both the understanding and the monitoring of trends. Context specific innovative solutions to prevent preterm birth and hence reduce preterm birth rates all around the world are urgently needed. Strengthened data systems are required to adequately track trends in preterm birth rates and program effectiveness. These efforts must be coupled with action now to implement improved antenatal, obstetric and newborn care to increase survival and reduce disability amongst those born too soon. Declaration This article is part of a supplement jointly funded by Save the Children's Saving Newborn Lives programme through a grant from The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and March of Dimes Foundation and published in collaboration with the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and the World Health Organization (WHO). The original article was published in PDF format in the WHO Report "Born Too Soon: the global action report on preterm birth" (ISBN 978 92 4 150343 30), which involved collaboration from more than 50 organizations. The article has been reformatted for journal publication and has undergone peer review according to Reproductive Health's standard process for supplements and may feature some variations in content when compared to the original report. This co-publication makes the article available to the community in a full-text format. PMID:24625129

[right] - DUST RING AROUND STAR OFFERS NEW CLUES INTO PLANET FORMATION

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

A NASA Hubble Space Telescope false-color near infrared image of a novel type of structure seen in space - a dust ring around a star. Superficially resembling Saturn's rings -- but on a vastly larger scale -- the 'hula-hoop' around the star called HR 4796A offers new clues into the possible presence of young planets. The near-infrared light reflecting off the dust ring is about 1,000 times fainter than the illuminating central star. Astronomers used a coronagraphic camera on Hubble's Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS), specifically designed to enable observations of very faint and low surface brightness objects in the close proximity to bright stars. Even with the coronagraph, the glare from HR 4796A overwhelms the much-fainter ring at distances less than about 4 billion miles (inside the blacked-out circle, centered on the star). Hubble's crisp view was able to resolve the ring, seen at lower resolution at longer wavelengths, in ground-based thermal infrared images, as a disk with some degree of central clearing. The ring has an angular radius of 1.05 arc seconds, equivalent to the apparent size of a dime seen more than 4 miles away. Unlike the extensive disks of dust seen around other young stars, the HR 4796A dust ring, 6.5 billion miles from the star, is tightly confined within a relatively narrow zone less than 17 Astronomical Units wide. An Astronomical Unit is the distance from the Earth to the Sun). For comparison, the ring width is approximately equal to the distance separating the orbits of Mars and Uranus in our own Solar System. All dust rings, whether around stars or planets, can only stay intact by some mechanism confining the dust, likely the gravitational tug of unseen planets. The image was taken on March 15, 1998, centered at a near infrared wavelength of 1.1 microns. The false-color corresponds to the ring's brightness (yellow is bright, purple is faint). The ring, which is undoubtedly circular, appears elliptical since it is inclined to our line-of-sight. Thus, the apparent spacing of the ring-particles, which act as reflectors of starlight, is greatest at the ansae of the projected ellipse giving rise to the brightening in these regions. This image is being released today at the 193rd Meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Austin, Texas. Credit: Brad Smith (University of Hawaii), Glenn Schneider (University of Arizona), and NASA

Cross-sectional survey of California childbirth hospitals: implications for defining maternal levels of risk-appropriate care.

PubMed

Korst, Lisa M; Feldman, Daniele S; Bollman, D Lisa; Fridman, Moshe; El Haj Ibrahim, Samia; Fink, Arlene; Gregory, Kimberly D

2015-10-01

Measures of maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity have risen in the United States, sparking national interest regarding hospitals' ability to provide maternal risk-appropriate care. We examined the extent to which hospitals could be classified by increasingly sophisticated maternal levels of care. We performed a cross-sectional survey to identify hospital-specific resources and classify hospitals by criteria for basic, intermediate, and regional maternal levels of care in all nonmilitary childbirth hospitals in California. We measured hospital compliance with maternal level of care criteria that were produced via consensus based on professional standards at 2 regional summits funded by the March of Dimes through a cooperative agreement with the Community Perinatal Network in 2007 (California Perinatal Summit on Risk-Appropriate Care). The response rate was 96% (239 of 248 hospitals). Only 82 hospitals (34%) were classifiable under these criteria (35 basic, 42 intermediate, and 5 regional) because most (157 [66%]) did not meet the required set of basic criteria. The unmet criteria preventing assignment into the basic category included the ability to perform a cesarean delivery within 30 minutes 100% of the time (only 64% met), pediatrician availability day and night (only 56% met), and radiology department ultrasound capability within 12 hours (only 83% met). Only 29 of classified hospitals (35%) had a nursery or neonatal intensive care unit level that matched the maternal level of care, and for most remaining hospitals (52 of 53), the neonatal intensive care unit level was higher than the maternal care level. Childbirth services varied widely across California hospitals, and most hospitals did not fit easily into proposed levels. Cognizance of this existing variation is critical to determining the optimal configuration of services for basic, intermediate, and regional maternal levels of care. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Methods for estimation of radiation risk in epidemiological studies accounting for classical and Berkson errors in doses.

PubMed

Kukush, Alexander; Shklyar, Sergiy; Masiuk, Sergii; Likhtarov, Illya; Kovgan, Lina; Carroll, Raymond J; Bouville, Andre

2011-02-16

With a binary response Y, the dose-response model under consideration is logistic in flavor with pr(Y=1 | D) = R (1+R)(-1), R = λ(0) + EAR D, where λ(0) is the baseline incidence rate and EAR is the excess absolute risk per gray. The calculated thyroid dose of a person i is expressed as Dimes=fiQi(mes)/Mi(mes). Here, Qi(mes) is the measured content of radioiodine in the thyroid gland of person i at time t(mes), Mi(mes) is the estimate of the thyroid mass, and f(i) is the normalizing multiplier. The Q(i) and M(i) are measured with multiplicative errors Vi(Q) and ViM, so that Qi(mes)=Qi(tr)Vi(Q) (this is classical measurement error model) and Mi(tr)=Mi(mes)Vi(M) (this is Berkson measurement error model). Here, Qi(tr) is the true content of radioactivity in the thyroid gland, and Mi(tr) is the true value of the thyroid mass. The error in f(i) is much smaller than the errors in ( Qi(mes), Mi(mes)) and ignored in the analysis. By means of Parametric Full Maximum Likelihood and Regression Calibration (under the assumption that the data set of true doses has lognormal distribution), Nonparametric Full Maximum Likelihood, Nonparametric Regression Calibration, and by properly tuned SIMEX method we study the influence of measurement errors in thyroid dose on the estimates of λ(0) and EAR. The simulation study is presented based on a real sample from the epidemiological studies. The doses were reconstructed in the framework of the Ukrainian-American project on the investigation of Post-Chernobyl thyroid cancers in Ukraine, and the underlying subpolulation was artificially enlarged in order to increase the statistical power. The true risk parameters were given by the values to earlier epidemiological studies, and then the binary response was simulated according to the dose-response model.

Curiosity Rock or Soil Sampling Sites on Mars, Through November 2016

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-12-13

nal Caption Released with Image: This graphic maps locations of the sites where NASA's Curiosity Mars rover collected its first 19 rock or soil samples for analysis by laboratory instruments inside the vehicle. It also presents images of the drilled holes where 15 rock-powder samples were acquired. Curiosity scooped two soil samples at each of the other two sites: Rocknest and Gobabeb. The diameter of each drill hole is about 0.6 inch (1.6 centimeters), slightly smaller than a U.S. dime. The images used here are raw color, as recorded by the rover's Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) camera. Notice the differences in color of the material at different drilling sites. For the map, north is toward the upper left corner. The scale bar represents 2 kilometers (1.2 miles). The base map is from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The latest sample site included is "Sebina,"where Curiosity drilled into bedrock of the Murray formation on Oct. 20, 2016, during the 1,495th Martian day, or sol, of the mission. Curiosity landed in August 2012 on the plain (named Aeolis Palus) near Mount Sharp (or Aeolis Mons). The drilling dates for the first 13 rock samples collected are, by location: "John Klein" on Feb. 8, 2013 (Sol 182); "Cumberland" on May 19, 2013 (Sol 279); "Windjana" on May 5, 2014 (Sol 621); "Confidence Hills" on Sept. 24, 2014 (Sol 759); "Mojave" on Jan. 29, 2015 (Sol 882); "Telegraph Peak" on Feb. 24, 2015 (Sol 908); "Buckskin" on July 30, 2015 (Sol 1060); "Big Sky" on Sept. 29, 2015 (Sol 1119); "Greenhorn" on Oct. 18, 2015 (Sol 1137); "Lubango" on April 23, 2016 (Sol 1320); "Okoruso" on May 5, 2016 (Sol 1332); "Oudam" on June 4, 2016 (Sol 1361); "Quela" on Sept. 18, 2016 (Sol 1464). http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA21254

How Lovebirds Maneuver Rapidly Using Super-Fast Head Saccades and Image Feature Stabilization

PubMed Central

Kress, Daniel; van Bokhorst, Evelien; Lentink, David

2015-01-01

Diurnal flying animals such as birds depend primarily on vision to coordinate their flight path during goal-directed flight tasks. To extract the spatial structure of the surrounding environment, birds are thought to use retinal image motion (optical flow) that is primarily induced by motion of their head. It is unclear what gaze behaviors birds perform to support visuomotor control during rapid maneuvering flight in which they continuously switch between flight modes. To analyze this, we measured the gaze behavior of rapidly turning lovebirds in a goal-directed task: take-off and fly away from a perch, turn on a dime, and fly back and land on the same perch. High-speed flight recordings revealed that rapidly turning lovebirds perform a remarkable stereotypical gaze behavior with peak saccadic head turns up to 2700 degrees per second, as fast as insects, enabled by fast neck muscles. In between saccades, gaze orientation is held constant. By comparing saccade and wingbeat phase, we find that these super-fast saccades are coordinated with the downstroke when the lateral visual field is occluded by the wings. Lovebirds thus maximize visual perception by overlying behaviors that impair vision, which helps coordinate maneuvers. Before the turn, lovebirds keep a high contrast edge in their visual midline. Similarly, before landing, the lovebirds stabilize the center of the perch in their visual midline. The perch on which the birds land swings, like a branch in the wind, and we find that retinal size of the perch is the most parsimonious visual cue to initiate landing. Our observations show that rapidly maneuvering birds use precisely timed stereotypic gaze behaviors consisting of rapid head turns and frontal feature stabilization, which facilitates optical flow based flight control. Similar gaze behaviors have been reported for visually navigating humans. This finding can inspire more effective vision-based autopilots for drones. PMID:26107413

Execution without excuses. Interview by Thomas A. Stewart and Louise O'Brien.

PubMed

Dell, Michael; Rollins, Kevin

2005-03-01

The success of Dell--it provides extraordinary rewards to shareholders, it can turn on a dime, and it has demonstrated impeccable timing in entering new markets--is based on more than its famous business model. High expectations and disciplined, consistent execution are embedded in the company's DNA. "We don't tolerate businesses that don't make money," founder Michael Dell tells HBR. "We used to hear all sorts of excuses for why a business didn't make money, but to us they all sounded like 'The dog ate my homework.' We just don't accept that." In order to double its revenues in a five-year period, the company had to adapt its execution-obsessed culture to new demands. In fact, Michael Dell and CEO Kevin Rollins realized they had a crisis on their hands."We had a very visible group of employees who'd gotten rich from stock options," Rollins says. "You can't build a great company on employees who say, 'If you pay me enough, I'll stay.'" Dell and Rollins knew they had to reignite the spirit of the company. They implemented an employee survey, whose results led to the creation of the Winning Culture initiative, now a top operating priority at Dell. They also defined the Soul of Dell: Focus on the customer, be open and direct in communications, be a good global citizen, have fun in winning. It turned outto be a huge motivator. And they increased the focus on developing people within the company. "We've changed as individuals and as an organization," Rollins says. "We want the world to see not just a great financial record and operational performance but a great company. We want to have leaders that other companies covet. We want a culture that makes people stick around for reasons other than money."

A Wireless Sensor Network-Based Portable Vehicle Detector Evaluation System

PubMed Central

Yoo, Seong-eun

2013-01-01

In an upcoming smart transportation environment, performance evaluations of existing Vehicle Detection Systems are crucial to maintain their accuracy. The existing evaluation method for Vehicle Detection Systems is based on a wired Vehicle Detection System reference and a video recorder, which must be operated and analyzed by capable traffic experts. However, this conventional evaluation system has many disadvantages. It is inconvenient to deploy, the evaluation takes a long time, and it lacks scalability and objectivity. To improve the evaluation procedure, this paper proposes a Portable Vehicle Detector Evaluation System based on wireless sensor networks. We describe both the architecture and design of a Vehicle Detector Evaluation System and the implementation results, focusing on the wireless sensor networks and methods for traffic information measurement. With the help of wireless sensor networks and automated analysis, our Vehicle Detector Evaluation System can evaluate a Vehicle Detection System conveniently and objectively. The extensive evaluations of our Vehicle Detector Evaluation System show that it can measure the traffic information such as volume counts and speed with over 98% accuracy. PMID:23344388

A wireless sensor network-based portable vehicle detector evaluation system.

PubMed

Yoo, Seong-eun

2013-01-17

In an upcoming smart transportation environment, performance evaluations of existing Vehicle Detection Systems are crucial to maintain their accuracy. The existing evaluation method for Vehicle Detection Systems is based on a wired Vehicle Detection System reference and a video recorder, which must be operated and analyzed by capable traffic experts. However, this conventional evaluation system has many disadvantages. It is inconvenient to deploy, the evaluation takes a long time, and it lacks scalability and objectivity. To improve the evaluation procedure, this paper proposes a Portable Vehicle Detector Evaluation System based on wireless sensor networks. We describe both the architecture and design of a Vehicle Detector Evaluation System and the implementation results, focusing on the wireless sensor networks and methods for traffic information measurement. With the help of wireless sensor networks and automated analysis, our Vehicle Detector Evaluation System can evaluate a Vehicle Detection System conveniently and objectively. The extensive evaluations of our Vehicle Detector Evaluation System show that it can measure the traffic information such as volume counts and speed with over 98% accuracy.

An hierarchical approach to performance evaluation of expert systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dominick, Wayne D. (Editor); Kavi, Srinu

1985-01-01

The number and size of expert systems is growing rapidly. Formal evaluation of these systems - which is not performed for many systems - increases the acceptability by the user community and hence their success. Hierarchical evaluation that had been conducted for computer systems is applied for expert system performance evaluation. Expert systems are also evaluated by treating them as software systems (or programs). This paper reports many of the basic concepts and ideas in the Performance Evaluation of Expert Systems Study being conducted at the University of Southwestern Louisiana.

Evaluating Training.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brethower, Karen S.; Rummler, Geary A.

1979-01-01

Presents general systems models (ballistic system, guided system, and adaptive system) and an evaluation matrix to help in examining training evaluation alternatives and in deciding what evaluation is appropriate. Includes some guidelines for conducting evaluation studies using four designs (control group, reversal, multiple baseline, and…

40 CFR 35.927-2 - Sewer system evaluation survey.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Sewer system evaluation survey. 35.927... § 35.927-2 Sewer system evaluation survey. (a) The sewer system evaluation survey shall identify the... results of the sewer system evaluation survey. In addition, the report shall include: (1) A justification...

40 CFR 35.927-2 - Sewer system evaluation survey.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Sewer system evaluation survey. 35.927... § 35.927-2 Sewer system evaluation survey. (a) The sewer system evaluation survey shall identify the... results of the sewer system evaluation survey. In addition, the report shall include: (1) A justification...

40 CFR 35.927-2 - Sewer system evaluation survey.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Sewer system evaluation survey. 35.927... § 35.927-2 Sewer system evaluation survey. (a) The sewer system evaluation survey shall identify the... results of the sewer system evaluation survey. In addition, the report shall include: (1) A justification...

40 CFR 35.927-2 - Sewer system evaluation survey.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Sewer system evaluation survey. 35.927... § 35.927-2 Sewer system evaluation survey. (a) The sewer system evaluation survey shall identify the... results of the sewer system evaluation survey. In addition, the report shall include: (1) A justification...

40 CFR 60.1740 - What is my schedule for evaluating continuous emission monitoring systems?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... continuous emission monitoring systems? 60.1740 Section 60.1740 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... evaluating continuous emission monitoring systems? (a) Conduct annual evaluations of your continuous emission monitoring systems no more than 13 months after the previous evaluation was conducted. (b) Evaluate your...

40 CFR 62.15195 - What is my schedule for evaluating continuous emission monitoring systems?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... continuous emission monitoring systems? 62.15195 Section 62.15195 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... evaluating continuous emission monitoring systems? (a) Conduct annual evaluations of your continuous emission monitoring systems no more than 13 months after the previous evaluation was conducted. (b) Evaluate your...

40 CFR 62.15195 - What is my schedule for evaluating continuous emission monitoring systems?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... continuous emission monitoring systems? 62.15195 Section 62.15195 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... evaluating continuous emission monitoring systems? (a) Conduct annual evaluations of your continuous emission monitoring systems no more than 13 months after the previous evaluation was conducted. (b) Evaluate your...

A Decision Support System for Evaluating Systems of Undersea Sensors and Weapons

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

distribution is unlimited A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING SYSTEMS OF UNDERSEA SENSORS AND WEAPONS by Team Mental Focus Cohort 142O...A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING SYSTEMS OF UNDERSEA SENSORS AND WEAPONS 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR(S) Systems Engineering Cohort...undersea weapons, it requires the supporting tools to evaluate and predict the effectiveness of these system concepts. While current naval minefield

Review: evaluating information systems in nursing.

PubMed

Oroviogoicoechea, Cristina; Elliott, Barbara; Watson, Roger

2008-03-01

To review existing nursing research on inpatient hospitals' information technology (IT) systems in order to explore new approaches for evaluation research on nursing informatics to guide further design and implementation of effective IT systems. There has been an increase in the use of IT and information systems in nursing in recent years. However, there has been little evaluation of these systems and little guidance on how they might be evaluated. A literature review was conducted between 1995 and 2005 inclusive using CINAHL and Medline and the search terms 'nursing information systems', 'clinical information systems', 'hospital information systems', 'documentation', 'nursing records', 'charting'. Research in nursing information systems was analysed and some deficiencies and contradictory results were identified which impede a comprehensive understanding of effective implementation. There is a need for IT systems to be understood from a wider perspective that includes aspects related to the context where they are implemented. Social and organizational aspects need to be considered in evaluation studies and realistic evaluation can provide a framework for the evaluation of information systems in nursing. The rapid introduction of IT systems for clinical practice urges evaluation of already implemented systems examining how and in what circumstances they work to guide effective further development and implementation of IT systems to enhance clinical practice. Evaluation involves more factors than just involving technologies such as changing attitudes, cultures and healthcare practices. Realistic evaluation could provide configurations of context-mechanism-outcomes that explain the underlying relationships to understand why and how a programme or intervention works.

Evaluation of weigh-in-motion systems.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1991-01-01

The objective of this research was to evaluate low cost weigh-in-motion systems. The three systems evaluated were (1) a capacitance weigh mat system, (2) a bridge weighing system, and (3) a piezoelectric cable sensor system. All three systems have a ...

Non-Deployable Soldiers: Understanding the Army’s Challenge

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-07

TERMS Medically Not Ready (MNR), Warrior Transition Unit (WTU), Disability Evaluation System (DES), Physical Evaluation Board (PEB), Medical Evaluation... Board (MEB), MOS Medical Retention Board (MMRB), Human Capital Enterprise, Personnel Management, Physical Evaluations System. 16. SECURITY...Medically Not Ready (MNR), Warrior Transition Unit (WTU), Disability Evaluation System (DES), Physical Evaluation Board (PEB), Medical Evaluation

LOX/hydrocarbon auxiliary propulsion system study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Orton, G. F.; Mark, T. D.; Weber, D. D.

1982-01-01

Liquid oxygen/hydrocarbon propulsion systems applicable to a second generation orbiter OMS/RCS were compared, and major system/component options were evaluated. A large number of propellant combinations and system concepts were evaluated. The ground rules were defined in terms of candidate propellants, system/component design options, and design requirements. System and engine component math models were incorporated into existing computer codes for system evaluations. The detailed system evaluations and comparisons were performed to identify the recommended propellant combination and system approach.

Practical Guide to Designing Comprehensive Principal Evaluation Systems: A Tool to Assist in the Development of Principal Evaluation Systems. Revised Edition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clifford, Matthew; Hansen, Ulcca Joshni; Wraight, Sara

2014-01-01

Across the country, states and districts are designing principal evaluation systems as a means of improving leadership, learning, and school performance. Principal evaluation systems hold potential for supporting leaders' learning and sense of accountability for instructional excellence and student performance. Principal evaluation also is an…

A Practical Guide to Designing Comprehensive Principal Evaluation Systems: A Tool to Assist in the Development of Principal Evaluation Systems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clifford, Matthew; Hansen, Ulcca Joshni; Wraight, Sara

2012-01-01

Across the country, states and districts are designing principal evaluation systems as a means of improving leadership, learning, and school performance. Principal evaluation systems hold potential for supporting leaders' learning and sense of accountability for instructional excellence and student performance. Principal evaluation is also an…

Electronic prescribing: criteria for evaluating handheld prescribing systems and an evaluation of a new, handheld, wireless wide area network (WWAN) prescribing system.

PubMed

Goldblum, O M

2001-02-01

The objectives of this study were: 1) to establish criteria for evaluating handheld computerized prescribing systems; and 2) to evaluate out-of-box performance and features of a new, Palm Operating System (OS)-based, handheld, wireless wide area network (WWAN) prescribing system. The system consisted of a Palm Vx handheld organizer, a Novatel Minstrel V wireless modem, OmniSky wireless internet access and ePhysician ePad 1.1, the Palm OS electronic prescribing software program. A dermatologist familiar with healthcare information technology conducted an evaluation of the performance and features of a new, handheld, WWAN electronic prescribing system in an office practice during a three-month period in 2000. System performance, defined as transmission success rate, was determined from data collected during the three-month trial. Evaluation criteria consisted of an analysis of features found in electronic prescribing systems. All prescriptions written for all patients seen during a three-month period (August - November, 2000) were eligible for inclusion. Prescriptions written for patients who intended to fill them at pharmacies without known facsimile receiving capabilities were excluded from the study. The performance of the system was evaluated using data collected during the study. Criteria for evaluating features of electronic prescribing systems were developed and used to analyze the system employed in this study. During this three-month trial, 200 electronic prescriptions were generated for 132 patients included in the study. Of these prescriptions, 92.5 percent were successfully transmitted to pharmacies. Transmission failures resulted from incorrect facsimile numbers and non-functioning facsimile machines. Criteria established for evaluation of electronic prescribing systems included System (Hardware & Software), Costs, System Features, Printing & Transmission, Formulary & Insurance, Customization, Drug Safety and Security. This study is the first effort to establish comprehensive criteria for evaluating handheld prescribing systems and to evaluate the performance and features of a handheld, electronic prescribing system. The results demonstrated that the evaluated system: 1) was simple to install; 2) successfully interfaced with a commonly used practice management system; 3) was user-friendly and easy to operate; 4) offered a robust variety of standard features; and, 5) resulted in a high rate of success for transmitting electronic prescriptions. The criteria established for the evaluation of features of an electronic prescribing system can be used to critically evaluate the performance and features of other handheld and personal computer-based electronic prescribing systems.

Reliability and performance evaluation of systems containing embedded rule-based expert systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beaton, Robert M.; Adams, Milton B.; Harrison, James V. A.

1989-01-01

A method for evaluating the reliability of real-time systems containing embedded rule-based expert systems is proposed and investigated. It is a three stage technique that addresses the impact of knowledge-base uncertainties on the performance of expert systems. In the first stage, a Markov reliability model of the system is developed which identifies the key performance parameters of the expert system. In the second stage, the evaluation method is used to determine the values of the expert system's key performance parameters. The performance parameters can be evaluated directly by using a probabilistic model of uncertainties in the knowledge-base or by using sensitivity analyses. In the third and final state, the performance parameters of the expert system are combined with performance parameters for other system components and subsystems to evaluate the reliability and performance of the complete system. The evaluation method is demonstrated in the context of a simple expert system used to supervise the performances of an FDI algorithm associated with an aircraft longitudinal flight-control system.

Proposed Framework for the Evaluation of Standalone Corpora Processing Systems: An Application to Arabic Corpora

PubMed Central

Al-Thubaity, Abdulmohsen; Alqifari, Reem

2014-01-01

Despite the accessibility of numerous online corpora, students and researchers engaged in the fields of Natural Language Processing (NLP), corpus linguistics, and language learning and teaching may encounter situations in which they need to develop their own corpora. Several commercial and free standalone corpora processing systems are available to process such corpora. In this study, we first propose a framework for the evaluation of standalone corpora processing systems and then use it to evaluate seven freely available systems. The proposed framework considers the usability, functionality, and performance of the evaluated systems while taking into consideration their suitability for Arabic corpora. While the results show that most of the evaluated systems exhibited comparable usability scores, the scores for functionality and performance were substantially different with respect to support for the Arabic language and N-grams profile generation. The results of our evaluation will help potential users of the evaluated systems to choose the system that best meets their needs. More importantly, the results will help the developers of the evaluated systems to enhance their systems and developers of new corpora processing systems by providing them with a reference framework. PMID:25610910

Proposed framework for the evaluation of standalone corpora processing systems: an application to Arabic corpora.

PubMed

Al-Thubaity, Abdulmohsen; Al-Khalifa, Hend; Alqifari, Reem; Almazrua, Manal

2014-01-01

Despite the accessibility of numerous online corpora, students and researchers engaged in the fields of Natural Language Processing (NLP), corpus linguistics, and language learning and teaching may encounter situations in which they need to develop their own corpora. Several commercial and free standalone corpora processing systems are available to process such corpora. In this study, we first propose a framework for the evaluation of standalone corpora processing systems and then use it to evaluate seven freely available systems. The proposed framework considers the usability, functionality, and performance of the evaluated systems while taking into consideration their suitability for Arabic corpora. While the results show that most of the evaluated systems exhibited comparable usability scores, the scores for functionality and performance were substantially different with respect to support for the Arabic language and N-grams profile generation. The results of our evaluation will help potential users of the evaluated systems to choose the system that best meets their needs. More importantly, the results will help the developers of the evaluated systems to enhance their systems and developers of new corpora processing systems by providing them with a reference framework.

Document Level Assessment of Document Retrieval Systems in a Pairwise System Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rajagopal, Prabha; Ravana, Sri Devi

2017-01-01

Introduction: The use of averaged topic-level scores can result in the loss of valuable data and can cause misinterpretation of the effectiveness of system performance. This study aims to use the scores of each document to evaluate document retrieval systems in a pairwise system evaluation. Method: The chosen evaluation metrics are document-level…

A methodology for evaluation of an interactive multispectral image processing system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kovalick, William M.; Newcomer, Jeffrey A.; Wharton, Stephen W.

1987-01-01

Because of the considerable cost of an interactive multispectral image processing system, an evaluation of a prospective system should be performed to ascertain if it will be acceptable to the anticipated users. Evaluation of a developmental system indicated that the important system elements include documentation, user friendliness, image processing capabilities, and system services. The criteria and evaluation procedures for these elements are described herein. The following factors contributed to the success of the evaluation of the developmental system: (1) careful review of documentation prior to program development, (2) construction and testing of macromodules representing typical processing scenarios, (3) availability of other image processing systems for referral and verification, and (4) use of testing personnel with an applications perspective and experience with other systems. This evaluation was done in addition to and independently of program testing by the software developers of the system.

School District Evaluation: Database Warehouse Support.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adcock, Eugene P.; Haseltine, Reginald

The Prince George's County (Maryland) school system has developed a database warehouse system as an evaluation data support tool for fulfilling the system's information demands. This paper described the Research and Evaluation Assimilation Database (READ) warehouse support system and considers the requirements for data used in evaluation and how…

Feasibility study of solar energy utilization in modular integrated utility systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

The feasibility and benefits were evaluated of solar thermal energy systems on Integrated Utility Systems. The effort included the identification of potential system concepts, evaluation of hardware status, and performance of weighted system evaluations to select promising system concepts deserving of further study.

UNIX-based operating systems robustness evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chang, Yu-Ming

1996-01-01

Robust operating systems are required for reliable computing. Techniques for robustness evaluation of operating systems not only enhance the understanding of the reliability of computer systems, but also provide valuable feed- back to system designers. This thesis presents results from robustness evaluation experiments on five UNIX-based operating systems, which include Digital Equipment's OSF/l, Hewlett Packard's HP-UX, Sun Microsystems' Solaris and SunOS, and Silicon Graphics' IRIX. Three sets of experiments were performed. The methodology for evaluation tested (1) the exception handling mechanism, (2) system resource management, and (3) system capacity under high workload stress. An exception generator was used to evaluate the exception handling mechanism of the operating systems. Results included exit status of the exception generator and the system state. Resource management techniques used by individual operating systems were tested using programs designed to usurp system resources such as physical memory and process slots. Finally, the workload stress testing evaluated the effect of the workload on system performance by running a synthetic workload and recording the response time of local and remote user requests. Moderate to severe performance degradations were observed on the systems under stress.

Evaluating energy saving system of data centers based on AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Yingni

2018-03-01

Due to the high energy consumption of communication, energy saving of data centers must be enforced. But the lack of evaluation mechanisms has restrained the process on energy saving construction of data centers. In this paper, energy saving evaluation index system of data centers was constructed on the basis of clarifying the influence factors. Based on the evaluation index system, analytical hierarchy process was used to determine the weights of the evaluation indexes. Subsequently, a three-grade fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was constructed to evaluate the energy saving system of data centers.

Testing For EM Upsets In Aircraft Control Computers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Belcastro, Celeste M.

1994-01-01

Effects of transient electrical signals evaluated in laboratory tests. Method of evaluating nominally fault-tolerant, aircraft-type digital-computer-based control system devised. Provides for evaluation of susceptibility of system to upset and evaluation of integrity of control when system subjected to transient electrical signals like those induced by electromagnetic (EM) source, in this case lightning. Beyond aerospace applications, fault-tolerant control systems becoming more wide-spread in industry; such as in automobiles. Method supports practical, systematic tests for evaluation of designs of fault-tolerant control systems.

Evaluating neural networks and artificial intelligence systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alberts, David S.

1994-02-01

Systems have no intrinsic value in and of themselves, but rather derive value from the contributions they make to the missions, decisions, and tasks they are intended to support. The estimation of the cost-effectiveness of systems is a prerequisite for rational planning, budgeting, and investment documents. Neural network and expert system applications, although similar in their incorporation of a significant amount of decision-making capability, differ from each other in ways that affect the manner in which they can be evaluated. Both these types of systems are, by definition, evolutionary systems, which also impacts their evaluation. This paper discusses key aspects of neural network and expert system applications and their impact on the evaluation process. A practical approach or methodology for evaluating a certain class of expert systems that are particularly difficult to measure using traditional evaluation approaches is presented.

Research on Credit Evaluation of Mobile Medical APP Interactive Online Consultation Service-Take Haodaifu APP Online Payment Service as an Example

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiong, Dandan; Zhao, Lei

2017-10-01

Mobile medical industry is developing rapidly, but the relevant credit evaluation system is still in the exploratory stage. Haodaifu in the interactive online consulting services more representatives and has a credit evaluation system, but the system is not perfect. There are many problems in the system, such as credits indicators cannot better reflect the results of user’s evaluation, the lack of user qualification supervision, evaluation index system and assessment channels are not perfect. On the basis of drawing on the advantages of E-commerce evaluation system and combining with the characteristics of mobile medical itself, two suggestions are put forward: Improve the credit evaluation model (Generate physician static credit index, Change the doctor 's dynamic credit index algorithm, Update the dynamic credit index), Improve the basic mechanism of credit evaluation.

Formal implementation of a performance evaluation model for the face recognition system.

PubMed

Shin, Yong-Nyuo; Kim, Jason; Lee, Yong-Jun; Shin, Woochang; Choi, Jin-Young

2008-01-01

Due to usability features, practical applications, and its lack of intrusiveness, face recognition technology, based on information, derived from individuals' facial features, has been attracting considerable attention recently. Reported recognition rates of commercialized face recognition systems cannot be admitted as official recognition rates, as they are based on assumptions that are beneficial to the specific system and face database. Therefore, performance evaluation methods and tools are necessary to objectively measure the accuracy and performance of any face recognition system. In this paper, we propose and formalize a performance evaluation model for the biometric recognition system, implementing an evaluation tool for face recognition systems based on the proposed model. Furthermore, we performed evaluations objectively by providing guidelines for the design and implementation of a performance evaluation system, formalizing the performance test process.

Design and implementation of an integrated, continuous evaluation, and quality improvement system for a state-based home-visiting program.

PubMed

McCabe, Bridget K; Potash, Dru; Omohundro, Ellen; Taylor, Cathy R

2012-10-01

To describe the design and implementation of an evaluation system to facilitate continuous quality improvement (CQI) and scientific evaluation in a statewide home visiting program, and to provide a summary of the system's progress in meeting intended outputs and short-term outcomes. Help Us Grow Successfully (HUGS) is a statewide home visiting program that provides services to at-risk pregnant/post-partum women, children (0-5 years), and their families. The program goals are to improve parenting skills and connect families to needed services and thus improve the health of the service population. The evaluation system is designed to: (1) integrate evaluation into daily workflow; (2) utilize standardized screening and evaluation tools; (3) facilitate a culture of CQI in program management; and, (4) facilitate scientifically rigorous evaluations. The review of the system's design and implementation occurred through a formative evaluation process (reach, dose, and fidelity). Data was collected through electronic and paper surveys, administrative data, and notes from management meetings, and medical chart review. In the design phase, four process and forty outcome measures were selected and are tracked using standardized screening and monitoring tools. During implementation, the reach and dose of training were adequate to successfully launch the evaluation/CQI system. All staff (n = 165) use the system for management of families; the supervisors (n = 18) use the system to track routine program activities. Data quality and availability is sufficient to support periodic program reviews at the region and state level. In the first 7 months, the HUGS evaluation system tracked 3,794 families (7,937 individuals). System use and acceptance is high. A successful implementation of a structured evaluation system with a strong CQI component is feasible in an existing, large statewide program. The evaluation/CQI system is an effective mechanism to drive modest change in management of the program.

Effectiveness of the Marine Corps’ Junior Enlisted Performance Evaluation System: An Evaluation of Proficiency and Conduct Marks

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

THE MARINE CORPS’ JUNIOR ENLISTED PERFORMANCE EVALUATION SYSTEM: AN EVALUATION OF PROFICIENCY AND CONDUCT MARKS by Richard B. Larger Jr...CORPS’ JUNIOR ENLISTED PERFORMANCE EVALUATION SYSTEM: AN EVALUATION OF PROFICIENCY AND CONDUCT MARKS 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR(S) Richard B...in order to improve interpretability and minimize redundancies. 14. SUBJECT TERMS performance evaluation , proficiency marks, conduct marks

An Evaluation System for the Online Training Programs in Meteorology and Hydrology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Yong; Zhi, Xiefei

2009-01-01

This paper studies the current evaluation system for the online training program in meteorology and hydrology. CIPP model that includes context evaluation, input evaluation, process evaluation and product evaluation differs from Kirkpatrick model including reactions evaluation, learning evaluation, transfer evaluation and results evaluation in…

Evaluation criteria for the district health management information systems: lessons from the Ministry of Health, Kenya.

PubMed

Odhiambo-Otieno, George W; Odero, Wilson W O

2005-03-01

The District Health Management Information Systems (DHMISs) were established by the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Kenya more than two decades ago. Since then, no comprehensive evaluation has been undertaken. This can partly be attributed to lack of defined criteria for evaluating them. To propose evaluation criteria for assessing the design, implementation and impact of DHMIS in the management of the District Health System (DHS) in Kenya. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in three DHSs in Kenya: Bungoma, Murang'a and Uasin Gishu districts. Data was collected through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and documents' review. The respondents, purposely selected from the Ministry of Health headquarters and the three DHS districts, included designers, managers and end-users of the systems. A set of evaluation criteria for DHMISs was identified for each of the three phases of implementation: pre-implementation evaluation criteria (categorised as policy and objectives, technical feasibility, financial viability, political viability and administrative operability) to be applied at the design stage; concurrent implementation evaluation criteria to be applied during implementation of the new system; and post-implementation evaluation criteria (classified as internal - quality of information; external - resources and managerial support; ultimate - systems impact) to be applied after implementation of the system for at least three years. In designing a DHMIS model there is need to have built-in these three sets of evaluation criteria which should be used in a phased manner. Pre-implementation evaluation criteria should be used to evaluate the system's viability before more resources are committed to it; concurrent (operational) - implementation evaluation criteria should be used to monitor the process; and post-implementation evaluation criteria should be applied to assess the system's effectiveness.

Some human factors issues in the development and evaluation of cockpit alerting and warning systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Randle, R. J., Jr.; Larsen, W. E.; Williams, D. H.

1980-01-01

A set of general guidelines for evaluating a newly developed cockpit alerting and warning system in terms of human factors issues are provided. Although the discussion centers around a general methodology, it is made specifically to the issues involved in alerting systems. An overall statement of the current operational problem is presented. Human factors problems with reference to existing alerting and warning systems are described. The methodology for proceeding through system development to system test is discussed. The differences between traditional human factors laboratory evaluations and those required for evaluation of complex man-machine systems under development are emphasized. Performance evaluation in the alerting and warning subsystem using a hypothetical sample system is explained.

Shuttle orbiter Ku-band radar/communications system design evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dodds, J.; Holmes, J.; Huth, G. K.; Iwasaki, R.; Maronde, R.; Polydoros, A.; Weber, C.; Broad, P.

1980-01-01

Tasks performed in an examination and critique of a Ku-band radar communications system for the shuttle orbiter are reported. Topics cover: (1) Ku-band high gain antenna/widebeam horn design evaluation; (2) evaluation of the Ku-band SPA and EA-1 LRU software; (3) system test evaluation; (4) critical design review and development test evaluation; (5) Ku-band bent pipe channel performance evaluation; (6) Ku-band LRU interchangeability analysis; and (7) deliverable test equipment evaluation. Where discrepancies were found, modifications and improvements to the Ku-band system and the associated test procedures are suggested.

Risk Evaluation of Bogie System Based on Extension Theory and Entropy Weight Method

PubMed Central

Du, Yanping; Zhang, Yuan; Zhao, Xiaogang; Wang, Xiaohui

2014-01-01

A bogie system is the key equipment of railway vehicles. Rigorous practical evaluation of bogies is still a challenge. Presently, there is overreliance on part-specific experiments in practice. In the present work, a risk evaluation index system of a bogie system has been established based on the inspection data and experts' evaluation. Then, considering quantitative and qualitative aspects, the risk state of a bogie system has been evaluated using an extension theory and an entropy weight method. Finally, the method has been used to assess the bogie system of four different samples. Results show that this method can assess the risk state of a bogie system exactly. PMID:25574159

Risk evaluation of bogie system based on extension theory and entropy weight method.

PubMed

Du, Yanping; Zhang, Yuan; Zhao, Xiaogang; Wang, Xiaohui

2014-01-01

A bogie system is the key equipment of railway vehicles. Rigorous practical evaluation of bogies is still a challenge. Presently, there is overreliance on part-specific experiments in practice. In the present work, a risk evaluation index system of a bogie system has been established based on the inspection data and experts' evaluation. Then, considering quantitative and qualitative aspects, the risk state of a bogie system has been evaluated using an extension theory and an entropy weight method. Finally, the method has been used to assess the bogie system of four different samples. Results show that this method can assess the risk state of a bogie system exactly.

Research on efficiency evaluation model of integrated energy system based on hybrid multi-attribute decision-making.

PubMed

Li, Yan

2017-05-25

The efficiency evaluation model of integrated energy system, involving many influencing factors, and the attribute values are heterogeneous and non-deterministic, usually cannot give specific numerical or accurate probability distribution characteristics, making the final evaluation result deviation. According to the characteristics of the integrated energy system, a hybrid multi-attribute decision-making model is constructed. The evaluation model considers the decision maker's risk preference. In the evaluation of the efficiency of the integrated energy system, the evaluation value of some evaluation indexes is linguistic value, or the evaluation value of the evaluation experts is not consistent. These reasons lead to ambiguity in the decision information, usually in the form of uncertain linguistic values and numerical interval values. In this paper, the risk preference of decision maker is considered when constructing the evaluation model. Interval-valued multiple-attribute decision-making method and fuzzy linguistic multiple-attribute decision-making model are proposed. Finally, the mathematical model of efficiency evaluation of integrated energy system is constructed.

Comprehensive evaluation index system of total supply capability in distribution network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Linyao; Wu, Guilian; Yang, Jingyuan; Jia, Shuangrui; Zhang, Wei; Sun, Weiqing

2018-01-01

Aiming at the lack of a comprehensive evaluation of the distribution network, based on the existing distribution network evaluation index system, combined with the basic principles of constructing the evaluation index, put forward a new evaluation index system of distribution network capacity. This paper is mainly based on the total supply capability of the distribution network, combining single index and various factors, into a multi-evaluation index of the distribution network, thus forming a reasonable index system, and various indicators of rational quantification make the evaluation results more intuitive. In order to have a comprehensive judgment of distribution network, this paper uses weights to analyse the importance of each index, verify the rationality of the index system through the example, it is proved that the rationality of the index system, so as to guide the direction of distribution network planning.

An open-source framework for large-scale, flexible evaluation of biomedical text mining systems.

PubMed

Baumgartner, William A; Cohen, K Bretonnel; Hunter, Lawrence

2008-01-29

Improved evaluation methodologies have been identified as a necessary prerequisite to the improvement of text mining theory and practice. This paper presents a publicly available framework that facilitates thorough, structured, and large-scale evaluations of text mining technologies. The extensibility of this framework and its ability to uncover system-wide characteristics by analyzing component parts as well as its usefulness for facilitating third-party application integration are demonstrated through examples in the biomedical domain. Our evaluation framework was assembled using the Unstructured Information Management Architecture. It was used to analyze a set of gene mention identification systems involving 225 combinations of system, evaluation corpus, and correctness measure. Interactions between all three were found to affect the relative rankings of the systems. A second experiment evaluated gene normalization system performance using as input 4,097 combinations of gene mention systems and gene mention system-combining strategies. Gene mention system recall is shown to affect gene normalization system performance much more than does gene mention system precision, and high gene normalization performance is shown to be achievable with remarkably low levels of gene mention system precision. The software presented in this paper demonstrates the potential for novel discovery resulting from the structured evaluation of biomedical language processing systems, as well as the usefulness of such an evaluation framework for promoting collaboration between developers of biomedical language processing technologies. The code base is available as part of the BioNLP UIMA Component Repository on SourceForge.net.

An open-source framework for large-scale, flexible evaluation of biomedical text mining systems

PubMed Central

Baumgartner, William A; Cohen, K Bretonnel; Hunter, Lawrence

2008-01-01

Background Improved evaluation methodologies have been identified as a necessary prerequisite to the improvement of text mining theory and practice. This paper presents a publicly available framework that facilitates thorough, structured, and large-scale evaluations of text mining technologies. The extensibility of this framework and its ability to uncover system-wide characteristics by analyzing component parts as well as its usefulness for facilitating third-party application integration are demonstrated through examples in the biomedical domain. Results Our evaluation framework was assembled using the Unstructured Information Management Architecture. It was used to analyze a set of gene mention identification systems involving 225 combinations of system, evaluation corpus, and correctness measure. Interactions between all three were found to affect the relative rankings of the systems. A second experiment evaluated gene normalization system performance using as input 4,097 combinations of gene mention systems and gene mention system-combining strategies. Gene mention system recall is shown to affect gene normalization system performance much more than does gene mention system precision, and high gene normalization performance is shown to be achievable with remarkably low levels of gene mention system precision. Conclusion The software presented in this paper demonstrates the potential for novel discovery resulting from the structured evaluation of biomedical language processing systems, as well as the usefulness of such an evaluation framework for promoting collaboration between developers of biomedical language processing technologies. The code base is available as part of the BioNLP UIMA Component Repository on SourceForge.net. PMID:18230184

Forage resource evaluation system for habitat—deer: an interactive deer habitat model

Treesearch

Thomas A. Hanley; Donald E. Spalinger; Kenrick J. Mock; Oran L. Weaver; Grant M. Harris

2012-01-01

We describe a food-based system for quantitatively evaluating habitat quality for deer called the Forage Resource Evaluation System for Habitat and provide its rationale and suggestions for use. The system was developed as a tool for wildlife biologists and other natural resource managers and planners interested in evaluating habitat quality and, especially, comparing...

Precision Attitude Determination System (PADS) system design and analysis: Single-axis gimbal star tracker

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

The feasibility is evaluated of an evolutionary development for use of a single-axis gimbal star tracker from prior two-axis gimbal star tracker based system applications. Detailed evaluation of the star tracker gimbal encoder is considered. A brief system description is given including the aspects of tracker evolution and encoder evaluation. System analysis includes evaluation of star availability and mounting constraints for the geosynchronous orbit application, and a covariance simulation analysis to evaluate performance potential. Star availability and covariance analysis digital computer programs are included.

Evaluating Health Information Systems Using Ontologies.

PubMed

Eivazzadeh, Shahryar; Anderberg, Peter; Larsson, Tobias C; Fricker, Samuel A; Berglund, Johan

2016-06-16

There are several frameworks that attempt to address the challenges of evaluation of health information systems by offering models, methods, and guidelines about what to evaluate, how to evaluate, and how to report the evaluation results. Model-based evaluation frameworks usually suggest universally applicable evaluation aspects but do not consider case-specific aspects. On the other hand, evaluation frameworks that are case specific, by eliciting user requirements, limit their output to the evaluation aspects suggested by the users in the early phases of system development. In addition, these case-specific approaches extract different sets of evaluation aspects from each case, making it challenging to collectively compare, unify, or aggregate the evaluation of a set of heterogeneous health information systems. The aim of this paper is to find a method capable of suggesting evaluation aspects for a set of one or more health information systems-whether similar or heterogeneous-by organizing, unifying, and aggregating the quality attributes extracted from those systems and from an external evaluation framework. On the basis of the available literature in semantic networks and ontologies, a method (called Unified eValuation using Ontology; UVON) was developed that can organize, unify, and aggregate the quality attributes of several health information systems into a tree-style ontology structure. The method was extended to integrate its generated ontology with the evaluation aspects suggested by model-based evaluation frameworks. An approach was developed to extract evaluation aspects from the ontology that also considers evaluation case practicalities such as the maximum number of evaluation aspects to be measured or their required degree of specificity. The method was applied and tested in Future Internet Social and Technological Alignment Research (FI-STAR), a project of 7 cloud-based eHealth applications that were developed and deployed across European Union countries. The relevance of the evaluation aspects created by the UVON method for the FI-STAR project was validated by the corresponding stakeholders of each case. These evaluation aspects were extracted from a UVON-generated ontology structure that reflects both the internally declared required quality attributes in the 7 eHealth applications of the FI-STAR project and the evaluation aspects recommended by the Model for ASsessment of Telemedicine applications (MAST) evaluation framework. The extracted evaluation aspects were used to create questionnaires (for the corresponding patients and health professionals) to evaluate each individual case and the whole of the FI-STAR project. The UVON method can provide a relevant set of evaluation aspects for a heterogeneous set of health information systems by organizing, unifying, and aggregating the quality attributes through ontological structures. Those quality attributes can be either suggested by evaluation models or elicited from the stakeholders of those systems in the form of system requirements. The method continues to be systematic, context sensitive, and relevant across a heterogeneous set of health information systems.

Characterizing low-Z erosion and deposition in the DIII-D divertor using aluminum

DOE PAGES

Chrobak, Chris P.; Doerner, R. P.; Stangeby, Peter C.; ...

2017-01-28

Here, we present measurements and modeling of aluminum erosion and redeposition experiments in separate helium and deuterium low power, low density L-mode plasmas at the outer divertor strike point of DIII-D to provide a low-Z material benchmark dataset for tokamak erosion-deposition modeling codes. Coatings of Al ~100nm thick were applied to ideal (smooth) and realistic (rough) surfaces and exposed to repeat plasma discharges using the DiMES probe. Redeposition and re-erosion in all cases was primarily in the downstream toroidal field direction, evident from both in-situ spectroscopic and post-mortem non spectroscopic measurements. The gross Al erosion yield estimated from both Hemore » and D plasma exposures was ~40-70% of the expected erosion yield based on theoretical physical sputtering yields. However, the multi-step redeposition and re-erosion process, and hence the measured net erosion yield and material migration, was found to be influenced by the surface roughness and/or porosity. On rough surfaces, the fraction of the eroded Al coating found redeposited outside the original coating area was 25x higher than on smooth surfaces. The amount of Al found redeposited on the rough substrate was in fact proportional to the net eroded Al, suggesting an accumulation of deposited Al in surface pores and other areas shadowed from re-erosion. In order to determine the fraction and distribution of eroded Al returning to the surface, a simple model for erosion and redeposition was developed and fitted to the measurements. The model presented here reproduces many of the observed results in these experiments by using theoretically calculated sputtering yields, calculating surface composition changes and erosion rates in time, assuming a spatial distribution function for redepositing atoms, and accounting for deposit trapping in pores. The results of the model fits reveal that total redeposition fraction increases with higher plasma temperature (~30% for 15-18eV plasmas, and ~45% for 25-30eV plasmas), and that 50% of the atoms redepositing on rough surfaces accumulated in shadowed areas.« less

Evaluation of VHF-FM Shore-Based Direction Finding Triangulation System in Massachusetts Bay Area

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1983-06-01

The evaluation consisted of the following phases: (1) System definition and site selection; System calibration; Operational evaluation; Cost/benefit analysis. It was concluded that properly implemented shore-based direction finding systems in either ...

Distribution Management System Volt/VAR Evaluation | Grid Modernization |

Science.gov Websites

NREL Distribution Management System Volt/VAR Evaluation Distribution Management System Volt/VAR Evaluation This project involves building a prototype distribution management system testbed that links a GE Grid Solutions distribution management system to power hardware-in-the-loop testing. This setup is

The evaluator as technical assistant: A model for systemic reform support

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Century, Jeanne Rose

This study explored evaluation of systemic reform. Specifically, it focused on the evaluation of a systemic effort to improve K-8 science, mathematics and technology education. The evaluation was of particular interest because it used both technical assistance and evaluation strategies. Through studying the combination of these roles, this investigation set out to increase understanding of potentially new evaluator roles, distinguish important characteristics of the evaluator/project participant relationship, and identify how these roles and characteristics contribute to effective evaluation of systemic science education reform. This qualitative study used interview, document analysis, and participant observation as methods of data collection. Interviews were conducted with project leaders, project participants, and evaluators and focused on the evaluation strategies and process, the use of the evaluation, and technical assistance. Documents analyzed included transcripts of evaluation team meetings and reports, memoranda and other print materials generated by the project leaders and the evaluators. Data analysis consisted of analytic and interpretive procedures consistent with the qualitative data collected and entailed a combined process of coding transcripts of interviews and meetings, field notes, and other documents; analyzing and organizing findings; writing of reflective and analytic memos; and designing and diagramming conceptual relationships. The data analysis resulted in the development of the Multi-Function Model for Systemic Reform Support. This model organizes systemic reform support into three functions: evaluation, technical assistance, and a third, named here as "systemic perspective." These functions work together to support the project's educational goals as well as a larger goal--building capacity in project participants. This model can now serve as an informed starting point or "blueprint" for strategically supporting systemic reform.

Promoting evaluation capacity building in a complex adaptive system.

PubMed

Lawrenz, Frances; Kollmann, Elizabeth Kunz; King, Jean A; Bequette, Marjorie; Pattison, Scott; Nelson, Amy Grack; Cohn, Sarah; Cardiel, Christopher L B; Iacovelli, Stephanie; Eliou, Gayra Ostgaard; Goss, Juli; Causey, Lauren; Sinkey, Anne; Beyer, Marta; Francisco, Melanie

2018-04-10

This study provides results from an NSF funded, four year, case study about evaluation capacity building in a complex adaptive system, the Nanoscale Informal Science Education Network (NISE Net). The results of the Complex Adaptive Systems as a Model for Network Evaluations (CASNET) project indicate that complex adaptive system concepts help to explain evaluation capacity building in a network. The NISE Network was found to be a complex learning system that was supportive of evaluation capacity building through feedback loops that provided for information sharing and interaction. Participants in the system had different levels of and sources of evaluation knowledge. To be successful at building capacity, the system needed to have a balance between both centralized and decentralized control, coherence, redundancy, and diversity. Embeddedness of individuals within the system also provided support and moved the capacity of the system forward. Finally, success depended on attention being paid to the control of resources. Implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

48 CFR 225.504 - Evaluation examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Evaluation examples. 225.504 Section 225.504 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM... 225.504 Evaluation examples. For examples that illustrate the evaluation procedures in 225.502(c)(ii...

Systems of attitudes towards production in the pork industry. A cross-national study.

PubMed

Sørensen, Bjarne Taulo; Barcellos, Marcia Dutra de; Olsen, Nina Veflen; Verbeke, Wim; Scholderer, Joachim

2012-12-01

Existing research on public attitudes towards agricultural production systems is largely descriptive, abstracting from the processes through which members of the general public generate their evaluations of such systems. The present paper adopts a systems perspective on such evaluations, understanding them as embedded into a wider attitude system that consists of attitudes towards objects of different abstraction levels, ranging from personal value orientations over general socio-political attitudes to evaluations of specific characteristics of agricultural production systems. It is assumed that evaluative affect propagates through the system in such a way that the system becomes evaluatively consistent and operates as a schema for the generation of evaluative judgments. In the empirical part of the paper, the causal structure of an attitude system from which people derive their evaluations of pork production systems was modelled. The analysis was based on data from a cross-national survey involving 1931 participants from Belgium, Denmark, Germany and Poland. The survey questionnaire contained measures of personal value orientations and attitudes towards environment and nature, industrial food production, food and the environment, technological progress, animal welfare, local employment and local economy. In addition, the survey included a conjoint task by which participants' evaluations of the importance of production system attributes were measured. The data were analysed by means of causal search algorithms and structural equation models. The results suggest that evaluative judgments of the importance of pork production system attributes are generated in a schematic manner, driven by personal value orientations. The effect of personal value orientations was strong and largely unmediated by attitudes of an intermediate level of generality, suggesting that the dependent variables in the particular attitude system that was modelled here can be understood as value judgments in a literal sense. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Evaluation criteria for district health management information systems: lessons from the Ministry of Health, Kenya.

PubMed

Odhiambo-Otieno, George W

2005-01-01

There has been no comprehensive evaluation of the district health management information systems (DHMISs) since the establishment of these systems by the Ministry of Health (MoH), in Kenya. This is partly due to lack of defined criteria for evaluating the systems. The objective of this study is to design evaluation criteria for assessing the viability, sustainability and ultimate contribution of DHMIS in the management of the district health system (DHS) in Kenya. This descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken in three DHSs in Kenya. Empirical evidence was collected through interviews, complemented by a comprehensive review of relevant literature, reports and operational manuals of various health information systems in Kenya. A set of evaluation criteria for DHMISs in Kenya was designed for each of the three phases of implementation: phase one-pre-implementation evaluation criteria (categorized as policy and objectives, technical feasibility, financial viability, political viability and administrative operability) to be applied at the design stage; phase two-concurrent (operational) implementation evaluation criteria to be applied during implementation of the new system; phase three-post-implementation evaluation criteria (classified as internal-quality of information; external-resources and managerial support; ultimate-systems impact) to be applied after operating the implemented system for at least 3 years. In designing a DHMIS model there is need to have built-in these three sets of evaluation criteria which should be used in a phased manner. Pre-implementation evaluation criteria should be used to evaluate the system's viability before more resources are committed to its implementation; concurrent (operational) implementation evaluation criteria should be used to ascertain the status of the on-going implementation with the view to either fine-tune or abandon it altogether before more resources are used on it; and post-implementation evaluation criteria should be used to assess its overall effectiveness (if it has achieved its hypothesized benefits) towards the management of DHS.

IBM PC/IX operating system evaluation plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dominick, Wayne D. (Editor); Granier, Martin; Hall, Philip P.; Triantafyllopoulos, Spiros

1984-01-01

An evaluation plan for the IBM PC/IX Operating System designed for IBM PC/XT computers is discussed. The evaluation plan covers the areas of performance measurement and evaluation, software facilities available, man-machine interface considerations, networking, and the suitability of PC/IX as a development environment within the University of Southwestern Louisiana NASA PC Research and Development project. In order to compare and evaluate the PC/IX system, comparisons with other available UNIX-based systems are also included.

Models and techniques for evaluating the effectiveness of aircraft computing systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meyer, J. F.

1982-01-01

Models, measures, and techniques for evaluating the effectiveness of aircraft computing systems were developed. By "effectiveness" in this context we mean the extent to which the user, i.e., a commercial air carrier, may expect to benefit from the computational tasks accomplished by a computing system in the environment of an advanced commercial aircraft. Thus, the concept of effectiveness involves aspects of system performance, reliability, and worth (value, benefit) which are appropriately integrated in the process of evaluating system effectiveness. Specifically, the primary objectives are: the development of system models that provide a basis for the formulation and evaluation of aircraft computer system effectiveness, the formulation of quantitative measures of system effectiveness, and the development of analytic and simulation techniques for evaluating the effectiveness of a proposed or existing aircraft computer.

An Examination of Performance-Based Teacher Evaluation Systems in Five States. Summary. Issues & Answers. REL 2012-No. 129

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shakman, Karen; Riordan, Julie; Sanchez, Maria Teresa; Cook, Kyle DeMeo; Fournier, Richard; Brett, Jessica

2012-01-01

This study reports on performance-based teacher evaluation systems in five states that have implemented such systems. It investigates two primary research questions: (1) What are the key characteristics of state-level performance-based teacher evaluation systems in the study states?; and (2) How do state teacher evaluation measures, the teaching…

78 FR 53774 - Guide for the Evaluation of Alert and Notification Systems for Nuclear Power Plants, FEMA-REP-10...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-30

...] Guide for the Evaluation of Alert and Notification Systems for Nuclear Power Plants, FEMA-REP-10, Rev. 1... the Guide for the Evaluation of Alert and Notification Systems for Nuclear Power Plants, FEMA-REP-10... Agency (FEMA) issued FEMA-REP-10, Guide for the Evaluation of Alert and Notification Systems for Nuclear...

Engineering flight and guest pilot evaluation report, phase 2. [DC 8 aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morrison, J. A.; Anderson, E. B.; Brown, G. W.; Schwind, G. K.

1974-01-01

Prior to the flight evaluation, the two-segment profile capabilities of the DC-8-61 were evaluated and flight procedures were developed in a flight simulator at the UA Flight Training Center in Denver, Colorado. The flight evaluation reported was conducted to determine the validity of the simulation results, further develop the procedures and use of the area navigation system in the terminal area, certify the system for line operation, and obtain evaluations of the system and procedures by a number of pilots from the industry. The full area navigation capabilities of the special equipment installed were developed to provide terminal area guidance for two-segment approaches. The objectives of this evaluation were: (1) perform an engineering flight evaluation sufficient to certify the two-segment system for the six-month in-service evaluation; (2) evaluate the suitability of a modified RNAV system for flying two-segment approaches; and (3) provide evaluation of the two-segment approach by management and line pilots.

Earth orbit navigation study. Volume 2: System evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

An overall systems evaluation was made of five candidate navigation systems in support of earth orbit missions. The five systems were horizon sensor system, unkown landmark tracking system, ground transponder system, manned space flight network, and tracking and data relay satellite system. Two reference missions were chosen: a low earth orbit mission and a transfer trajectory mission from low earth orbit to geosynchronous orbit. The specific areas addressed in the evaluation were performance, multifunction utilization, system mechanization, and cost.

Evaluation methods used on health information systems (HISs) in Iran and the effects of HISs on Iranian healthcare: a systematic review.

PubMed

Ahmadian, Leila; Nejad, Simin Salehi; Khajouei, Reza

2015-06-01

The most important goal of a health information system (HIS) is improvement of quality, effectiveness and efficiency of health services. To achieve this goal, health care systems should be evaluated continuously. The aim of this paper was to study the impacts of HISs in Iran and the methods used for their evaluation. We systematically searched all English and Persian papers evaluating health information systems in Iran that were indexed in SID, Magiran, Iran medex, PubMed and Embase databases until June 2013. A data collection form was designed to extract required data such as types of systems evaluated, evaluation methods and tools. In this study, 53 out of 1103 retrieved articles were selected as relevant and reviewed by the authors. This study indicated that 28 studies used questionnaires to evaluate the system and in 27 studies the study instruments were distributed within a research population. In 26 papers the researchers collected the information by means of interviews, observations, heuristic evaluation and the review of documents and records. The main effects of the evaluated systems in health care settings were improving quality of services, reducing time, increasing accessibility to information, reducing costs and decreasing medical errors. Evaluation of health information systems is central to their development and enhancement, and to understanding their effect on health and health services. Despite numerous evaluation methods available, the reviewed studies used a limited number of methods to evaluate HIS. Additionally, the studies mainly discussed the positive effects of HIS on health care services. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Models and techniques for evaluating the effectiveness of aircraft computing systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meyer, J. F.

1978-01-01

The development of system models that can provide a basis for the formulation and evaluation of aircraft computer system effectiveness, the formulation of quantitative measures of system effectiveness, and the development of analytic and simulation techniques for evaluating the effectiveness of a proposed or existing aircraft computer are described. Specific topics covered include: system models; performability evaluation; capability and functional dependence; computation of trajectory set probabilities; and hierarchical modeling of an air transport mission.

Evaluating Management Information Systems, A Protocol for Automated Peer Review Systems

PubMed Central

Black, Gordon C.

1980-01-01

This paper discusses key issues in evaluating an automated Peer Review System. Included are the conceptual base, design, steps in planning structural components, operation parameters, criteria, costs and a detailed outline or protocol for use in the evaluation. At the heart of the Peer Review System is the criteria utilized for measuring quality. Criteria evaluation should embrace, as a minimum, appropriateness, validity and reliability, and completemess or comprehensiveness of content. Such an evaluation is not complete without determining the impact (clinical outcome) of the service system or the patient and the population served.

An overview of the evaluation plan for PC/MISI: PC-based Multiple Information System Interface

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dominick, Wayne D. (Editor); Lim, Bee Lee; Hall, Philip P.

1985-01-01

An initial evaluation plan for the personal computer multiple information system interface (PC/MISI) project is discussed. The document is intend to be used as a blueprint for the evaluation of this system. Each objective of the design project is discussed along with the evaluation parameters and methodology to be used in the evaluation of the implementation's achievement of those objectives. The potential of the system for research activities related to more general aspects of information retrieval is also discussed.

Evaluation Criteria for the Educational Web-Information System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seok, Soonhwa; Meyen, Edward; Poggio, John C.; Semon, Sarah; Tillberg-Webb, Heather

2008-01-01

This article addresses how evaluation criteria improve educational Web-information system design, and the tangible and intangible benefits of using evaluation criteria, when implemented in an educational Web-information system design. The evaluation criteria were developed by the authors through a content validation study applicable to…

Assessment of three risk evaluation systems for patients aged ≥70 in East China: performance of SinoSCORE, EuroSCORE II and the STS risk evaluation system.

PubMed

Shan, Lingtong; Ge, Wen; Pu, Yiwei; Cheng, Hong; Cang, Zhengqiang; Zhang, Xing; Li, Qifan; Xu, Anyang; Wang, Qi; Gu, Chang; Zhang, Yangyang

2018-01-01

To assess and compare the predictive ability of three risk evaluation systems (SinoSCORE, EuroSCORE II and the STS risk evaluation system) in patients aged ≥70, and who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in East China. Three risk evaluation systems were applied to 1,946 consecutive patients who underwent isolated CABG from January 2004 to September 2016 in two hospitals. Patients were divided into two subsets according to their age: elderly group (age ≥70) with a younger group (age <70) used for comparison. The outcome of interest in this study was in-hospital mortality. The entire cohort and subsets of patients were analyzed. The calibration and discrimination in total and in subsets were assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow and the C statistics respectively. Institutional overall mortality was 2.52%. The expected mortality rates of SinoSCORE, EuroSCORE II and the STS risk evaluation system were 0.78(0.64)%, 1.43(1.14)% and 0.78(0.77)%, respectively. SinoSCORE achieved the best discrimination (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.829), followed by the STS risk evaluation system (AUC = 0.790) and EuroSCORE II (AUC = 0.769) in the entire cohort. In the elderly group, the observed mortality rate was 4.82% while it was 1.38% in the younger group. SinoSCORE (AUC = .829) also achieved the best discrimination in the elderly group, followed by the STS risk evaluation system (AUC = .730) and EuroSCORE II (AUC = 0.640) while all three risk evaluation systems all had good performances in the younger group. SinoSCORE, EuroSCORE II and the STS risk evaluation system all achieved positive calibrations in the entire cohort and subsets. The performance of the three risk evaluation systems was not ideal in the entire cohort. In the elderly group, SinoSCORE appeared to achieve better predictive efficiency than EuroSCORE II and the STS risk evaluation system.

Evaluating Health Information Systems Using Ontologies

PubMed Central

Anderberg, Peter; Larsson, Tobias C; Fricker, Samuel A; Berglund, Johan

2016-01-01

Background There are several frameworks that attempt to address the challenges of evaluation of health information systems by offering models, methods, and guidelines about what to evaluate, how to evaluate, and how to report the evaluation results. Model-based evaluation frameworks usually suggest universally applicable evaluation aspects but do not consider case-specific aspects. On the other hand, evaluation frameworks that are case specific, by eliciting user requirements, limit their output to the evaluation aspects suggested by the users in the early phases of system development. In addition, these case-specific approaches extract different sets of evaluation aspects from each case, making it challenging to collectively compare, unify, or aggregate the evaluation of a set of heterogeneous health information systems. Objectives The aim of this paper is to find a method capable of suggesting evaluation aspects for a set of one or more health information systems—whether similar or heterogeneous—by organizing, unifying, and aggregating the quality attributes extracted from those systems and from an external evaluation framework. Methods On the basis of the available literature in semantic networks and ontologies, a method (called Unified eValuation using Ontology; UVON) was developed that can organize, unify, and aggregate the quality attributes of several health information systems into a tree-style ontology structure. The method was extended to integrate its generated ontology with the evaluation aspects suggested by model-based evaluation frameworks. An approach was developed to extract evaluation aspects from the ontology that also considers evaluation case practicalities such as the maximum number of evaluation aspects to be measured or their required degree of specificity. The method was applied and tested in Future Internet Social and Technological Alignment Research (FI-STAR), a project of 7 cloud-based eHealth applications that were developed and deployed across European Union countries. Results The relevance of the evaluation aspects created by the UVON method for the FI-STAR project was validated by the corresponding stakeholders of each case. These evaluation aspects were extracted from a UVON-generated ontology structure that reflects both the internally declared required quality attributes in the 7 eHealth applications of the FI-STAR project and the evaluation aspects recommended by the Model for ASsessment of Telemedicine applications (MAST) evaluation framework. The extracted evaluation aspects were used to create questionnaires (for the corresponding patients and health professionals) to evaluate each individual case and the whole of the FI-STAR project. Conclusions The UVON method can provide a relevant set of evaluation aspects for a heterogeneous set of health information systems by organizing, unifying, and aggregating the quality attributes through ontological structures. Those quality attributes can be either suggested by evaluation models or elicited from the stakeholders of those systems in the form of system requirements. The method continues to be systematic, context sensitive, and relevant across a heterogeneous set of health information systems. PMID:27311735

Assessment of a Model for the Evaluation of Professional Non-Instruction Staff in Elementary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hlavaty, Erica A.

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to help improve the evaluation system for school counselors and school psychologists, or non-instructional, certified staff (NICS). A mixed methodology approach was used to describe the existing evaluation system used to evaluate NICS; to develop a new system of evaluation based on recent research; and to determine…

TEST AND EVALUATION OF A POLYMER MEMBRANE PRECONCENTRATOR

EPA Science Inventory

The report gives results of an evaluation of the applicability of membrane systems as a preconcentrator and defines operating parameters of a membrane system. Advantages of such a system is a potential reduction in cost for subsequent control systems. The evaluation is part of a ...

Electronic palliative care coordination systems: Devising and testing a methodology for evaluating documentation

PubMed Central

Allsop, Matthew J; Kite, Suzanne; McDermott, Sarah; Penn, Naomi; Millares-Martin, Pablo; Bennett, Michael I

2016-01-01

Background: The need to improve coordination of care at end of life has driven electronic palliative care coordination systems implementation across the United Kingdom and internationally. No approaches for evaluating electronic palliative care coordination systems use in practice have been developed. Aim: This study outlines and applies an evaluation framework for examining how and when electronic documentation of advance care planning is occurring in end of life care services. Design: A pragmatic, formative process evaluation approach was adopted. The evaluation drew on the Project Review and Objective Evaluation methodology to guide the evaluation framework design, focusing on clinical processes. Setting/participants: Data were extracted from electronic palliative care coordination systems for 82 of 108 general practices across a large UK city. All deaths (n = 1229) recorded on electronic palliative care coordination systems between April 2014 and March 2015 were included to determine the proportion of all deaths recorded, median number of days prior to death that key information was recorded and observations about routine data use. Results: The evaluation identified 26.8% of all deaths recorded on electronic palliative care coordination systems. The median number of days to death was calculated for initiation of an electronic palliative care coordination systems record (31 days), recording a patient’s preferred place of death (8 days) and entry of Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation decisions (34 days). Where preferred and actual place of death was documented, these were matching for 75% of patients. Anomalies were identified in coding used during data entry on electronic palliative care coordination systems. Conclusion: This study reports the first methodology for evaluating how and when electronic palliative care coordination systems documentation is occurring. It raises questions about what can be drawn from routine data collected through electronic palliative care coordination systems and outlines considerations for future evaluation. Future evaluations should consider work processes of health professionals using electronic palliative care coordination systems. PMID:27507636

Electronic palliative care coordination systems: Devising and testing a methodology for evaluating documentation.

PubMed

Allsop, Matthew J; Kite, Suzanne; McDermott, Sarah; Penn, Naomi; Millares-Martin, Pablo; Bennett, Michael I

2017-05-01

The need to improve coordination of care at end of life has driven electronic palliative care coordination systems implementation across the United Kingdom and internationally. No approaches for evaluating electronic palliative care coordination systems use in practice have been developed. This study outlines and applies an evaluation framework for examining how and when electronic documentation of advance care planning is occurring in end of life care services. A pragmatic, formative process evaluation approach was adopted. The evaluation drew on the Project Review and Objective Evaluation methodology to guide the evaluation framework design, focusing on clinical processes. Data were extracted from electronic palliative care coordination systems for 82 of 108 general practices across a large UK city. All deaths ( n = 1229) recorded on electronic palliative care coordination systems between April 2014 and March 2015 were included to determine the proportion of all deaths recorded, median number of days prior to death that key information was recorded and observations about routine data use. The evaluation identified 26.8% of all deaths recorded on electronic palliative care coordination systems. The median number of days to death was calculated for initiation of an electronic palliative care coordination systems record (31 days), recording a patient's preferred place of death (8 days) and entry of Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation decisions (34 days). Where preferred and actual place of death was documented, these were matching for 75% of patients. Anomalies were identified in coding used during data entry on electronic palliative care coordination systems. This study reports the first methodology for evaluating how and when electronic palliative care coordination systems documentation is occurring. It raises questions about what can be drawn from routine data collected through electronic palliative care coordination systems and outlines considerations for future evaluation. Future evaluations should consider work processes of health professionals using electronic palliative care coordination systems.

Evaluation of EIT system performance.

PubMed

Yasin, Mamatjan; Böhm, Stephan; Gaggero, Pascal O; Adler, Andy

2011-07-01

An electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system images internal conductivity from surface electrical stimulation and measurement. Such systems necessarily comprise multiple design choices from cables and hardware design to calibration and image reconstruction. In order to compare EIT systems and study the consequences of changes in system performance, this paper describes a systematic approach to evaluate the performance of the EIT systems. The system to be tested is connected to a saline phantom in which calibrated contrasting test objects are systematically positioned using a position controller. A set of evaluation parameters are proposed which characterize (i) data and image noise, (ii) data accuracy, (iii) detectability of single contrasts and distinguishability of multiple contrasts, and (iv) accuracy of reconstructed image (amplitude, resolution, position and ringing). Using this approach, we evaluate three different EIT systems and illustrate the use of these tools to evaluate and compare performance. In order to facilitate the use of this approach, all details of the phantom, test objects and position controller design are made publicly available including the source code of the evaluation and reporting software.

Reverse Osmosis Optimization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McMordie Stoughton, Kate; Duan, Xiaoli; Wendel, Emily M.

This technology evaluation was prepared by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). ¬The technology evaluation assesses techniques for optimizing reverse osmosis (RO) systems to increase RO system performance and water efficiency. This evaluation provides a general description of RO systems, the influence of RO systems on water use, and key areas where RO systems can be optimized to reduce water and energy consumption. The evaluation is intended to help facility managers at Federal sites understand the basic concepts of the RO process and system optimization options, enabling them tomore » make informed decisions during the system design process for either new projects or recommissioning of existing equipment. This evaluation is focused on commercial-sized RO systems generally treating more than 80 gallons per hour.¬« less

Reverse Osmosis Optimization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

This technology evaluation was prepared by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). The technology evaluation assesses techniques for optimizing reverse osmosis (RO) systems to increase RO system performance and water efficiency. This evaluation provides a general description of RO systems, the influence of RO systems on water use, and key areas where RO systems can be optimized to reduce water and energy consumption. The evaluation is intended to help facility managers at Federal sites understand the basic concepts of the RO process and system optimization options, enabling them tomore » make informed decisions during the system design process for either new projects or recommissioning of existing equipment. This evaluation is focused on commercial-sized RO systems generally treating more than 80 gallons per hour.« less

40 CFR 1.39 - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the Office of Management Systems and Evaluation, evaluating Agency management and uses of data for decision-making. (c) Office of Management Systems and Evaluation. The Office of Management Systems and... Administrator on Agency policy and planning issues and as such is responsible for supervision and management of...

40 CFR 1.39 - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the Office of Management Systems and Evaluation, evaluating Agency management and uses of data for decision-making. (c) Office of Management Systems and Evaluation. The Office of Management Systems and... Administrator on Agency policy and planning issues and as such is responsible for supervision and management of...

40 CFR 1.39 - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the Office of Management Systems and Evaluation, evaluating Agency management and uses of data for decision-making. (c) Office of Management Systems and Evaluation. The Office of Management Systems and... Administrator on Agency policy and planning issues and as such is responsible for supervision and management of...

The Design and Development of an Evaluation System for Online Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wentling, Tim L.; Johnson, Scott D.

This paper describes the conceptualization and development of an evaluation system that can be used to monitor and evaluate online instructional efforts. The evaluation system addresses concerns of both program administrators and course instructors. Computer technology is used to provide partial automation to reduce respondent burden and to…

Multilevel Evaluation Systems Project. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herman, Joan L.

Several studies were conducted in 1987 by the Multilevel Evaluation Systems Project, which focuses on developing a model for a multi-purpose, multi-user evaluation system to facilitate educational decision making and evaluation. The project model emphasizes on-going integrated assessment of individuals, classes, and programs using a variety of…

Feedback Improvement in Automatic Program Evaluation Systems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skupas, Bronius

2010-01-01

Automatic program evaluation is a way to assess source program files. These techniques are used in learning management environments, programming exams and contest systems. However, use of automated program evaluation encounters problems: some evaluations are not clear for the students and the system messages do not show reasons for lost points.…

Photovoltaic system criteria documents. Volume 3: Environmental issues and evaluation criteria for photovoltaic applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koenig, John C.; Billitti, Joseph W.; Tallon, John M.

1979-01-01

The environmental issues and evaluation criteria relating to the suitability of sites proposed for photovoltaic (PV) system deployment are identified. The important issues are defined, briefly discussed and then developed into evaluation criteria. System designers are provided with information on the environmental sensitivity of PV systems in realistic applications, background material which indicates the applicability of the siting issues identified, and evaluation criteria are defined to facilitate the selection of sites that maximize PV system operation.

Advanced parking information system evaluation report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

This report documents the evaluation analysis and results of the operational test. The evaluation assesses the impact/effect of the advance parking information system on the motoring public, parking facility operators, roadway system operations, and ...

A method of rapidly evaluating image quality of NED optical system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Qi; Qiu, Chuankai; Yang, Huan

2014-11-01

In recent years, with the development of technology of micro-display, advanced optics and the software and hardware, near-to-eye display ( NED) optical system will have a wide range of potential applications in the fields of amusement and virtual reality. However, research on the evaluating image quality of this kind optical system is comparatively lagging behind. Although now there are some methods and equipment for evaluation, they can't be applied in commercial production because of their complex operation and inaccuracy. In this paper, an academic method is proposed and a Rapid Evaluation System (RES) is designed to evaluate the image of optical system rapidly and exactly. Firstly, a set of parameters that eyes are sensitive to and also express the quality of system should be extracted and quantized to be criterion, so the evaluation standards can be established. Then, some parameters can be detected by RES consisted of micro-display, CCD camera and computer and so on. By process of scaling, the measuring results of the RES are exact and creditable, relationship between object measurement, subjective evaluation and the RES will be established. After that, image quality of optical system can be evaluated just by detecting parameters of that. The RES is simple and the results of evaluation are exact and keeping with human vision. So the method can be used not only for optimizing design of optical system, but also for evaluation in commercial production.

The development of an evaluation framework for injury surveillance systems

PubMed Central

Mitchell, Rebecca J; Williamson, Ann M; O'Connor, Rod

2009-01-01

Background Access to good quality information from injury surveillance is essential to develop and monitor injury prevention activities. To determine if information obtained from surveillance is of high quality, the limitations and strengths of a surveillance system are often examined. Guidelines have been developed to assist in evaluating certain types of surveillance systems. However, to date, no standard guidelines have been developed to specifically evaluate an injury surveillance system. The aim of this research is to develop a framework to guide the evaluation of injury surveillance systems. Methods The development of an Evaluation Framework for Injury Surveillance Systems (EFISS) involved a four stage process. First, a literature review was conducted to identify an initial set of characteristics that were recognised as important and/or had been recommended to be assessed in an evaluation of a surveillance system. Second, this set of characteristics was assessed using SMART criteria. Third, those surviving were presented to an expert panel using a two round modified-Delphi study to gain an alternative perspective on characteristic definitions, practicality of assessment, and characteristic importance. Finally, a rating system was created for the EFISS characteristics. Results The resulting EFISS consisted of 18 characteristics that assess three areas of an injury surveillance system – five characteristics assess data quality, nine characteristics assess the system's operation, and four characteristics assess the practical capability of an injury surveillance system. A rating system assesses the performance of each characteristic. Conclusion The development of the EFISS builds upon existing evaluation guidelines for surveillance systems and provides a framework tailored to evaluate an injury surveillance system. Ultimately, information obtained through an evaluation of an injury data collection using the EFISS would be useful for agencies to recommend how a collection could be improved to increase its usefulness for injury surveillance and in the long-term injury prevention. PMID:19627617

An Experimental Testbed for Evaluation of Trust and Reputation Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kerr, Reid; Cohen, Robin

To date, trust and reputation systems have often been evaluated using methods of their designers’ own devising. Recently, we demonstrated that a number of noteworthy trust and reputation systems could be readily defeated, revealing limitations in their original evaluations. Efforts in the trust and reputation community to develop a testbed have yielded a successful competition platform, ART. This testbed, however, is less suited to general experimentation and evaluation of individual trust and reputation technologies. In this paper, we propose an experimentation and evaluation testbed based directly on that used in our investigations into security vulnerabilities in trust and reputation systems for marketplaces. We demonstrate the advantages of this design, towards the development of more thorough, objective evaluations of trust and reputation systems.

Evaluation methodology for query-based scene understanding systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huster, Todd P.; Ross, Timothy D.; Culbertson, Jared L.

2015-05-01

In this paper, we are proposing a method for the principled evaluation of scene understanding systems in a query-based framework. We can think of a query-based scene understanding system as a generalization of typical sensor exploitation systems where instead of performing a narrowly defined task (e.g., detect, track, classify, etc.), the system can perform general user-defined tasks specified in a query language. Examples of this type of system have been developed as part of DARPA's Mathematics of Sensing, Exploitation, and Execution (MSEE) program. There is a body of literature on the evaluation of typical sensor exploitation systems, but the open-ended nature of the query interface introduces new aspects to the evaluation problem that have not been widely considered before. In this paper, we state the evaluation problem and propose an approach to efficiently learn about the quality of the system under test. We consider the objective of the evaluation to be to build a performance model of the system under test, and we rely on the principles of Bayesian experiment design to help construct and select optimal queries for learning about the parameters of that model.

The New Italian Agency for the Evaluation of the University System (ANVUR): A Need for Governance or Legitimacy?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turri, Matteo

2014-01-01

After nearly 20 years of evaluation in Italian higher education, a new national agency for the evaluation of the university system (ANVUR) came into being in 2011. This article traces the history of evaluation in Italian universities, discussing the tasks assigned to the national evaluation bodies and their functions within the university system.…

Applying usability heuristics to radiotherapy systems.

PubMed

Chan, Alvita J; Islam, Mohammad K; Rosewall, Tara; Jaffray, David A; Easty, Anthony C; Cafazzo, Joseph A

2012-01-01

Heuristic evaluations have been used to evaluate safety of medical devices by identifying and assessing usability issues. Since radiotherapy treatment delivery systems often consist of multiple complex user-interfaces, a heuristic evaluation was conducted to assess the potential safety issues of such a system. A heuristic evaluation was conducted to evaluate the treatment delivery system at Princess Margaret Hospital (Toronto, Canada). Two independent evaluators identified usability issues with the user-interfaces and rated the severity of each issue. The evaluators identified 75 usability issues in total. Eighteen of them were rated as high severity, indicating the potential to have a major impact on patient safety. A majority of issues were found on the record and verify system, and many were associated with the patient setup process. While the hospital has processes in place to ensure patient safety, recommendations were developed to further mitigate the risks of potential consequences. Heuristic evaluation is an efficient and inexpensive method that can be successfully applied to radiotherapy delivery systems to identify usability issues and improve patient safety. Although this study was conducted only at one site, the findings may have broad implications for the design of these systems. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

21 CFR 26.43 - Transmission of quality system evaluation reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY Specific Sector Provisions for Medical Devices § 26.43 Transmission of quality system... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Transmission of quality system evaluation reports...

21 CFR 26.41 - Exchange and endorsement of quality system evaluation reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Exchange and endorsement of quality system... DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES... endorsement of quality system evaluation reports. (a) Listed European Community (EC) conformity assessment...

21 CFR 26.41 - Exchange and endorsement of quality system evaluation reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Exchange and endorsement of quality system... DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES... endorsement of quality system evaluation reports. (a) Listed European Community (EC) conformity assessment...

21 CFR 26.41 - Exchange and endorsement of quality system evaluation reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Exchange and endorsement of quality system... DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES... endorsement of quality system evaluation reports. (a) Listed European Community (EC) conformity assessment...

21 CFR 26.41 - Exchange and endorsement of quality system evaluation reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Exchange and endorsement of quality system... DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES... endorsement of quality system evaluation reports. (a) Listed European Community (EC) conformity assessment...

40 CFR 60.1250 - What is my schedule for evaluating continuous emission monitoring systems?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... continuous emission monitoring systems? 60.1250 Section 60.1250 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Continuous Emission Monitoring § 60.1250 What is my schedule for evaluating continuous emission monitoring systems? (a) Conduct annual evaluations of your continuous emission monitoring systems no more than 13...

Evaluation of a Cyber Security System for Hospital Network.

PubMed

Faysel, Mohammad A

2015-01-01

Most of the cyber security systems use simulated data in evaluating their detection capabilities. The proposed cyber security system utilizes real hospital network connections. It uses a probabilistic data mining algorithm to detect anomalous events and takes appropriate response in real-time. On an evaluation using real-world hospital network data consisting of incoming network connections collected for a 24-hour period, the proposed system detected 15 unusual connections which were undetected by a commercial intrusion prevention system for the same network connections. Evaluation of the proposed system shows a potential to secure protected patient health information on a hospital network.

Perceived Usability Evaluation of Learning Management Systems: Empirical Evaluation of the System Usability Scale

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orfanou, Konstantina; Tselios, Nikolaos; Katsanos, Christos

2015-01-01

Perceived usability affects greatly student's learning effectiveness and overall learning experience, and thus is an important requirement of educational software. The System Usability Scale (SUS) is a well-researched and widely used questionnaire for perceived usability evaluation. However, surprisingly few studies have used SUS to evaluate the…

Usability Evaluation of a Web-Based Learning System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nguyen, Thao

2012-01-01

The paper proposes a contingent, learner-centred usability evaluation method and a prototype tool of such systems. This is a new usability evaluation method for web-based learning systems using a set of empirically-supported usability factors and can be done effectively with limited resources. During the evaluation process, the method allows for…

Formative Evaluation in a Cognitive Developmental Program for Young Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Willis, Sherry L.; And Others

The Cognitive Developmental Early Childhood program at Pennsylvania State University has formulated a program, curriculum, and evaluation system guided by Piagetian theory. The evaluation system described in this paper is a result of an intensive examination of the purposes and types of evaluation systems for their compatibility with the Piagetian…

Secondary School Administrators' Perceptions of Louisiana's Compass System as a Framework for Teacher Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Kathleen; Hebert, Dustin

2017-01-01

Louisiana's relatively new Compass teacher observation and evaluation system is used to evaluate teacher quality or effectiveness in P-12 public schools. Secondary school administrators in one district were interviewed about their perceptions of the system and, especially, an iteration of the Danielson rubric used for teacher evaluation. Findings…

An Analysis of Critical Issues in Korean Teacher Evaluation Systems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Choi, Hee Jun; Park, Ji-Hye

2016-01-01

Korea has used three different teacher evaluation systems since the 1960s: teacher performance rating, teacher performance-based pay and teacher evaluation for professional development. A number of studies have focused on an analysis of each evaluation system in terms of its advent, development, advantages and disadvantages, but these studies have…

Models and techniques for evaluating the effectiveness of aircraft computing systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meyer, J. F.

1978-01-01

Progress in the development of system models and techniques for the formulation and evaluation of aircraft computer system effectiveness is reported. Topics covered include: analysis of functional dependence: a prototype software package, METAPHOR, developed to aid the evaluation of performability; and a comprehensive performability modeling and evaluation exercise involving the SIFT computer.

40 CFR 60.1245 - Am I exempt from any appendix B or appendix F requirements to evaluate continuous emission...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... appendix F requirements to evaluate continuous emission monitoring systems? 60.1245 Section 60.1245... appendix F requirements to evaluate continuous emission monitoring systems? Yes, the accuracy tests for your sulfur dioxide continuous emission monitoring system require you to also evaluate your oxygen (or...

40 CFR 60.1245 - Am I exempt from any appendix B or appendix F requirements to evaluate continuous emission...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... appendix F requirements to evaluate continuous emission monitoring systems? 60.1245 Section 60.1245... appendix F requirements to evaluate continuous emission monitoring systems? Yes, the accuracy tests for your sulfur dioxide continuous emission monitoring system require you to also evaluate your oxygen (or...

A case study evaluation of a Critical Care Information System adoption using the socio-technical and fit approach.

PubMed

Yusof, Maryati Mohd

2015-07-01

Clinical information systems have long been used in intensive care units but reports on their adoption and benefits are limited. This study evaluated a Critical Care Information System implementation. A case study summative evaluation was conducted, employing observation, interview, and document analysis in operating theatres and 16-bed adult intensive care units in a 400-bed Malaysian tertiary referral centre from the perspectives of users (nurses and physicians), management, and information technology staff. System implementation, factors influencing adoption, fit between these factors, and the impact of the Critical Care Information System were evaluated after eight months of operation. Positive influences on system adoption were associated with technical factors, including system ease of use, usefulness, and information relevancy; human factors, particularly user attitude; and organisational factors, namely clinical process-technology alignment and champions. Organisational factors such as planning, project management, training, technology support, turnover rate, clinical workload, and communication were barriers to system implementation and use. Recommendations to improve the current system problems were discussed. Most nursing staff positively perceived the system's reduction of documentation and data access time, giving them more time with patients. System acceptance varied among doctors. System use also had positive impacts on timesaving, data quality, and clinical workflow. Critical Care Information Systems is crucial and has great potentials in enhancing and delivering critical care. However, the case study findings showed that the system faced complex challenges and was underutilised despite its potential. The role of socio-technical factors and their fit in realizing the potential of Critical Care Information Systems requires continuous, in-depth evaluation and stakeholder understanding and acknowledgement. The comprehensive and specific evaluation measures of the Human-Organisation-Technology Fit framework can flexibly evaluate Critical Care Information Systems. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

An evaluation framework for Health Information Systems: human, organization and technology-fit factors (HOT-fit).

PubMed

Yusof, Maryati Mohd; Kuljis, Jasna; Papazafeiropoulou, Anastasia; Stergioulas, Lampros K

2008-06-01

The realization of Health Information Systems (HIS) requires rigorous evaluation that addresses technology, human and organization issues. Our review indicates that current evaluation methods evaluate different aspects of HIS and they can be improved upon. A new evaluation framework, human, organization and technology-fit (HOT-fit) was developed after having conducted a critical appraisal of the findings of existing HIS evaluation studies. HOT-fit builds on previous models of IS evaluation--in particular, the IS Success Model and the IT-Organization Fit Model. This paper introduces the new framework for HIS evaluation that incorporates comprehensive dimensions and measures of HIS and provides a technological, human and organizational fit. Literature review on HIS and IS evaluation studies and pilot testing of developed framework. The framework was used to evaluate a Fundus Imaging System (FIS) of a primary care organization in the UK. The case study was conducted through observation, interview and document analysis. The main findings show that having the right user attitude and skills base together with good leadership, IT-friendly environment and good communication can have positive influence on the system adoption. Comprehensive, specific evaluation factors, dimensions and measures in the new framework (HOT-fit) are applicable in HIS evaluation. The use of such a framework is argued to be useful not only for comprehensive evaluation of the particular FIS system under investigation, but potentially also for any Health Information System in general.

Contractor evaluations in the contractor selection process.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-04-01

The current contractor evaluation system in use within the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet is based on the contractor evaluation system developed as part of SPR 212-00 "Quality Based Prequalification of Contractors." This system relies on average per...

Evaluation of components, subsystems, and networks for high rate, high frequency space communications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kerczewski, Robert J.; Ivancic, William D.; Zuzek, John E.

1991-01-01

The development of new space communications technologies by NASA has included both commercial applications and space science requirements. At NASA's Lewis Research Center, methods and facilities have been developed for evaluating these new technologies in the laboratory. NASA's Systems Integration, Test and Evaluation (SITE) Space Communication System Simulator is a hardware-based laboratory simulator for evaluating space communications technologies at the component, subsystem, system, and network level, geared toward high frequency, high data rate systems. The SITE facility is well-suited for evaluation of the new technologies required for the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) and advanced commercial systems. This paper describes the technology developments and evaluation requirements for current and planned commercial and space science programs. Also examined are the capabilities of SITE, the past, present, and planned future configurations of the SITE facility, and applications of SITE to evaluation of SEI technology.

Evaluation of components, subsystems, and networks for high rate, high frequency space communications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kerczewski, Robert J.; Ivancic, William D.; Zuzek, John E.

1991-01-01

The development of new space communications technologies by NASA has included both commercial applications and space science requirements. NASA's Systems Integration, Test and Evaluation (SITE) Space Communication System Simulator is a hardware based laboratory simulator for evaluating space communications technologies at the component, subsystem, system, and network level, geared toward high frequency, high data rate systems. The SITE facility is well-suited for evaluation of the new technologies required for the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) and advanced commercial systems. Described here are the technology developments and evaluation requirements for current and planned commercial and space science programs. Also examined are the capabilities of SITE, the past, present and planned future configurations of the SITE facility, and applications of SITE to evaluation of SEI technology.

Questionnaires for eliciting evaluation data from users of interactive question answering

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kelly, Diane; Kantor, Paul B.; Morse, Emile

Evaluating interactive question answering (QA) systems with real users can be challenging because traditional evaluation measures based on the relevance of items returned are difficult to employ since relevance judgments can be unstable in multi-user evaluations. The work reported in this paper evaluates, in distinguishing among a set of interactive QA systems, the effectiveness of three questionnaires: a Cognitive Workload Questionnaire (NASA TLX), and Task and System Questionnaires customized to a specific interactive QA application. These Questionnaires were evaluated with four systems, seven analysts, and eight scenarios during a 2-week workshop. Overall, results demonstrate that all three Questionnaires are effectivemore » at distinguishing among systems, with the Task Questionnaire being the most sensitive. Results also provide initial support for the validity and reliability of the Questionnaires.« less

A Hybrid Evaluation System Framework (Shell & Web) with Standardized Access to Climate Model Data and Verification Tools for a Clear Climate Science Infrastructure on Big Data High Performance Computers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kadow, C.; Illing, S.; Kunst, O.; Cubasch, U.

2014-12-01

The project 'Integrated Data and Evaluation System for Decadal Scale Prediction' (INTEGRATION) as part of the German decadal prediction project MiKlip develops a central evaluation system. The fully operational hybrid features a HPC shell access and an user friendly web-interface. It employs one common system with a variety of verification tools and validation data from different projects in- and outside of MiKlip. The evaluation system is located at the German Climate Computing Centre (DKRZ) and has direct access to the bulk of its ESGF node including millions of climate model data sets, e.g. from CMIP5 and CORDEX. The database is organized by the international CMOR standard using the meta information of the self-describing model, reanalysis and observational data sets. Apache Solr is used for indexing the different data projects into one common search environment. This implemented meta data system with its advanced but easy to handle search tool supports users, developers and their tools to retrieve the required information. A generic application programming interface (API) allows scientific developers to connect their analysis tools with the evaluation system independently of the programming language used. Users of the evaluation techniques benefit from the common interface of the evaluation system without any need to understand the different scripting languages. Facilitating the provision and usage of tools and climate data increases automatically the number of scientists working with the data sets and identify discrepancies. Additionally, the history and configuration sub-system stores every analysis performed with the evaluation system in a MySQL database. Configurations and results of the tools can be shared among scientists via shell or web-system. Therefore, plugged-in tools gain automatically from transparency and reproducibility. Furthermore, when configurations match while starting a evaluation tool, the system suggests to use results already produced by other users-saving CPU time, I/O and disk space. This study presents the different techniques and advantages of such a hybrid evaluation system making use of a Big Data HPC in climate science. website: www-miklip.dkrz.de visitor-login: guest password: miklip

A Hybrid Evaluation System Framework (Shell & Web) with Standardized Access to Climate Model Data and Verification Tools for a Clear Climate Science Infrastructure on Big Data High Performance Computers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kadow, Christopher; Illing, Sebastian; Kunst, Oliver; Ulbrich, Uwe; Cubasch, Ulrich

2015-04-01

The project 'Integrated Data and Evaluation System for Decadal Scale Prediction' (INTEGRATION) as part of the German decadal prediction project MiKlip develops a central evaluation system. The fully operational hybrid features a HPC shell access and an user friendly web-interface. It employs one common system with a variety of verification tools and validation data from different projects in- and outside of MiKlip. The evaluation system is located at the German Climate Computing Centre (DKRZ) and has direct access to the bulk of its ESGF node including millions of climate model data sets, e.g. from CMIP5 and CORDEX. The database is organized by the international CMOR standard using the meta information of the self-describing model, reanalysis and observational data sets. Apache Solr is used for indexing the different data projects into one common search environment. This implemented meta data system with its advanced but easy to handle search tool supports users, developers and their tools to retrieve the required information. A generic application programming interface (API) allows scientific developers to connect their analysis tools with the evaluation system independently of the programming language used. Users of the evaluation techniques benefit from the common interface of the evaluation system without any need to understand the different scripting languages. Facilitating the provision and usage of tools and climate data increases automatically the number of scientists working with the data sets and identify discrepancies. Additionally, the history and configuration sub-system stores every analysis performed with the evaluation system in a MySQL database. Configurations and results of the tools can be shared among scientists via shell or web-system. Therefore, plugged-in tools gain automatically from transparency and reproducibility. Furthermore, when configurations match while starting a evaluation tool, the system suggests to use results already produced by other users-saving CPU time, I/O and disk space. This study presents the different techniques and advantages of such a hybrid evaluation system making use of a Big Data HPC in climate science. website: www-miklip.dkrz.de visitor-login: click on "Guest"

Evaluating a federated medical search engine: tailoring the methodology and reporting the evaluation outcomes.

PubMed

Saparova, D; Belden, J; Williams, J; Richardson, B; Schuster, K

2014-01-01

Federated medical search engines are health information systems that provide a single access point to different types of information. Their efficiency as clinical decision support tools has been demonstrated through numerous evaluations. Despite their rigor, very few of these studies report holistic evaluations of medical search engines and even fewer base their evaluations on existing evaluation frameworks. To evaluate a federated medical search engine, MedSocket, for its potential net benefits in an established clinical setting. This study applied the Human, Organization, and Technology (HOT-fit) evaluation framework in order to evaluate MedSocket. The hierarchical structure of the HOT-factors allowed for identification of a combination of efficiency metrics. Human fit was evaluated through user satisfaction and patterns of system use; technology fit was evaluated through the measurements of time-on-task and the accuracy of the found answers; and organization fit was evaluated from the perspective of system fit to the existing organizational structure. Evaluations produced mixed results and suggested several opportunities for system improvement. On average, participants were satisfied with MedSocket searches and confident in the accuracy of retrieved answers. However, MedSocket did not meet participants' expectations in terms of download speed, access to information, and relevance of the search results. These mixed results made it necessary to conclude that in the case of MedSocket, technology fit had a significant influence on the human and organization fit. Hence, improving technological capabilities of the system is critical before its net benefits can become noticeable. The HOT-fit evaluation framework was instrumental in tailoring the methodology for conducting a comprehensive evaluation of the search engine. Such multidimensional evaluation of the search engine resulted in recommendations for system improvement.

Handbook for Improving Superintendent Performance Evaluation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Candoli, Carl; And Others

This handbook for superintendent performance evaluation contains information for boards of education as they institute or improve their evaluation system. The handbook answers questions involved in operationalizing, implementing, and evaluating a superintendent-evaluation system. The information was developed from research on superintendent…

40 CFR 60.1735 - Am I exempt from any appendix B or appendix F requirements to evaluate continuous emission...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... appendix F requirements to evaluate continuous emission monitoring systems? 60.1735 Section 60.1735... systems? Yes, the accuracy tests for your sulfur dioxide continuous emission monitoring system require you to also evaluate your oxygen (or carbon dioxide) continuous emission monitoring system. Therefore...

40 CFR 60.1735 - Am I exempt from any appendix B or appendix F requirements to evaluate continuous emission...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... appendix F requirements to evaluate continuous emission monitoring systems? 60.1735 Section 60.1735... systems? Yes, the accuracy tests for your sulfur dioxide continuous emission monitoring system require you to also evaluate your oxygen (or carbon dioxide) continuous emission monitoring system. Therefore...

AGARD Flight Test Techniques Series. Volume 8. Flight Testing under Extreme Environmental Conditions

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

gravity control system operation. The overall objective of fuel system tests is to determine whether the system functions properly at all conditions both... gravity . 3.3.4 Hydraulic System The functional adequacy of the hydraulic system should be evaluated by monitoring operating system temperatures and...mechanical or gravity function of the crew ladder should be evaluated. The ladder should be exposed to freasing rain and icing to evaluate the non

A Systems Engineering Approach to Aircraft Kinetic Kill Countermeasures Technology: Development of an Active Aircraft Defense System for the C/KC-135 Aircraft. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-12-01

comparison among all candidate systems , the reliability of each aircraft defense would evenly affect the evaluation of each system , and would have the...more reliable data. Obviously the more reliable and accurate the data evaluated though the hierarchy chart, the better the results. 29 IV. System ...1.3.5 System Evaluation ................................................................ 6 1.3.6 Decision M aking

Application of system thinking concepts in health system strengthening in low-income settings: a proposed conceptual framework for the evaluation of a complex health system intervention: the case of the BHOMA intervention in Zambia.

PubMed

Mutale, Wilbroad; Balabanova, Dina; Chintu, Namwinga; Mwanamwenge, Margaret Tembo; Ayles, Helen

2016-02-01

The current drive to strengthen health systems provides an opportunity to develop new strategies that will enable countries to achieve targets for millennium development goals. In this paper, we present a proposed framework for evaluating a new health system strengthening intervention in Zambia known as Better Health Outcomes through Mentoring and Assessment. We briefly describe the intervention design and focus on the proposed evaluation approach through the lens of systems thinking. In this paper, we present a proposed framework to evaluate a complex health system intervention applying systems thinking concepts. We hope that lessons learnt from this process will help to adapt the intervention and limit unintended negative consequences while promoting positive effects. Emphasis will be paid to interaction and interdependence between health system building blocks, context and the community. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Linear modulator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

A study of frequency division multiplexing (FDM) systems was made for the purpose of determining the system performance that can be obtained with available state of the art components. System performance was evaluated on the basis of past experience, system analysis, and component evaluation. The system study was specifically directed to the area of FDM systems using subcarrier channel frequencies from 4 kHz to 200 kHz and channel information bandwidths of dc to 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 kHz. The evaluation also assumes that the demodulation will be from a tape recorder which produces frequency modulation of + or - 1% on the signal due to the tape recorder wow and flutter. For the modulation system it is assumed that the pilot and carrier channel frequencies are stable to within + or - .005% and that the FM on the channel carriers is negligible. The modulator system was evaluated for the temperature range of -20 degree to +85 degree while the demodulator system was evaluated for operation at room temperature.

48 CFR 715.305 - Proposal evaluation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

....305 Section 715.305 Federal Acquisition Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES CONTRACTING BY NEGOTIATION Source Selection 715.305 Proposal evaluation... Contractor Performance System to evaluate past performance. (Access to the system by USAID contracting office...

Long life reliability thermal control systems study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scollon, T. R., Jr.; Killen, R. E.

1972-01-01

The results of a program undertaken to conceptually design and evaluate a passive, high reliability, long life thermal control system for space station application are presented. The program consisted of four steps: (1) investigate and select potential thermal system elements; (2) conceive, evaluate and select a thermal control system using these elements; (3) conduct a verification test of a prototype segment of the selected system; and (4) evaluate the utilization of waste heat from the power supply. The result of this project is a conceptual thermal control system design which employs heat pipes as primary components, both for heat transport and temperature control. The system, its evaluation, and the test results are described.

Information Quality Evaluation of C2 Systems at Architecture Level

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

based on architecture models of C2 systems, which can help to identify key factors impacting information quality and improve the system capability at the stage of architecture design of C2 system....capability evaluation of C2 systems at architecture level becomes necessary and important for improving the system capability at the stage of architecture ... design . This paper proposes a method for information quality evaluation of C2 system at architecture level. First, the information quality model is

Pilot study to examine use of transverse vibration nondestructive evaluation for assessing floor systems

Treesearch

Zhiyong Cai; Robert J. Ross; Michael O. Hunt; Lawrence A. Soltis

2002-01-01

Evaluation of existing timber structures requires procedures to evaluate in situ structural members and components. This report evaluates the transverse vibration response of laboratory-built floor systems with new and salvaged joists. The objectives were to 1) compare floor system response to individual member response; 2) examine response sensitivity to location of...

CRiSP: An Instrument for Assessing Student Perceptions of Classroom Response Systems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richardson, Alice M.; Dunn, Peter K.; McDonald, Christine; Oprescu, Florin

2015-01-01

This paper describes the development and validation of an instrument for evaluating classroom response systems (CRS). While a number of studies evaluating CRS have been published to date, no standardised instrument exists as a means of evaluating the impact of using the CRS. This means that comparing the different systems, or evaluating the…

Can You Increase Teacher Engagement with Evaluation Simply by Improving the Evaluation System?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moskal, Adon C. M.; Stein, Sarah J.; Golding, Clinton

2016-01-01

We know various factors can influence how teaching staff engage with student evaluation, such as institutional policies or staff beliefs. However, little research has investigated the influence of the technical processes of an evaluation system. In this article, we present a case study of the effects of changing the technical system for…

Making Sense of Alternative Assessment in a Qualitative Evaluation System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rojas Serrano, Javier

2017-01-01

In a Colombian private English institution, a qualitative evaluation system has been incorporated. This type of evaluation poses challenges to students who have never been evaluated through a system that eliminates exams or quizzes and, as a consequence, these students have to start making sense of it. This study explores the way students face the…

40 CFR 62.15190 - Am I exempt from any 40 CFR part 60 appendix B or appendix F requirements to evaluate continuous...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... appendix B or appendix F requirements to evaluate continuous emission monitoring systems? 62.15190 Section... evaluate continuous emission monitoring systems? Yes, the accuracy tests for your sulfur dioxide continuous emission monitoring system require you to also evaluate your oxygen (or carbon dioxide) continuous emission...

40 CFR 62.15190 - Am I exempt from any 40 CFR part 60 appendix B or appendix F requirements to evaluate continuous...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... appendix B or appendix F requirements to evaluate continuous emission monitoring systems? 62.15190 Section... evaluate continuous emission monitoring systems? Yes, the accuracy tests for your sulfur dioxide continuous emission monitoring system require you to also evaluate your oxygen (or carbon dioxide) continuous emission...

Performance Evaluation of Intelligent Systems at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

past few years, including performance evaluation of emergency response robots , sensor systems on unmanned ground vehicles, speech-to-speech translation...emergency response robots ; intelligent systems; mixed palletizing, testing, simulation; robotic vehicle perception systems; search and rescue robots ...ranging from autonomous vehicles to urban search and rescue robots to speech translation and manufacturing systems. The evaluations have occurred in