Spin-dependent γ softness or triaxiality in even-even 132-138Nd nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chai, Qing-Zhen; Wang, Hua-Lei; Yang, Qiong; Liu, Min-Liang

2015-02-01

The properties of γ instability in rapidly rotating even-even 132-138Nd isotopes have been investigated using the pairing-deformation self-consistent total-Routhian-surface calculations in a deformation space of (β2, γ, β4). It is found that even-even 134-138Nd nuclei exhibit triaxiality in both ground and excited states, even up to high-spin states. The lightest isotope possesses a well-deformed prolate shape without a γ deformation component. The current numerical results are compared with previous calculations and available observables such as quadrupole deformation β2 and the feature of γ-band levels, showing basically a general agreement with the observed trend of γ correlations (e.g. the pattern of the odd-even energy staggering of the γ band). The existing differences between theory and experiment are analyzed and discussed briefly. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10805040,11175217), Foundation and Advanced Technology Research Program of Henan Province(132300410125) and S & T Research Key Program of Henan Province Education Department (13A140667)

National Evaluation of the Even Start Family Literacy Program: Report on Migrant Even Start Projects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levin, Marjorie; Gamse, Beth; Swartz, Janet; Tao, Fumiyo; Tarr, Hope

In fall 1994, 14 state Migrant Education Programs were receiving direct federal grants to administer Migrant Even Start projects. These projects provide migrant families with an integrated program of early childhood education, adult education, and parenting education. As part of the national evaluation of the Even Start Family Literacy Program,…

Neither Even nor Odd: Sixth Grade Students' Dilemmas Regarding the Parity of Zero

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levenson, Esther; Tsamir, Pessia; Tirosh, Dina

2007-01-01

This study investigates two sixth grade students' dilemmas regarding the parity of zero. Both students originally claimed that zero was neither even nor odd. Interviews revealed a conflict between students' formal definitions of even numbers and their concept images of even numbers, zero, and division. These images were supported by practically…

Subjective and Objective Napping and Sleep in Older Adults: Are Evening Naps ‘Bad’ for Nighttime Sleep?

PubMed Central

Dautovich, Natalie D.; McCrae, Christina S.; Rowe, Meredeth

2014-01-01

Objectives To compare objective and subjective measurements of napping, and to examine the relationship between evening napping and nocturnal sleep in older adults. Design For twelve days, participants wore actigraphs and completed sleep diaries. Setting Community Participants 100 individuals who napped, 60–89 years (including good and poor sleepers with typical age-related medical comorbidities). Measurements Twelve days of sleep diary and actigraphy provided subjective and objective napping and sleep data. Results Evening naps (within 2 hours of bedtime) were characteristic of the sample with peak nap time occurring between 20:30–21:00 (average nap time occurred between 14:30–15:00). Two categories of nappers were identified: 1) day/evening – those who took both daytime and evening naps, and 2) daytime-only. Interestingly, no participants napped during the evening only. Day/evening nappers significantly underreported evening napping and demonstrated lower objectively measured sleep onset latencies (20 vs 26.5 minutes), less wake after sleep onset (51.4 vs 72.8 minutes), and higher sleep efficiencies (76.8 vs 82%) than daytime-only nappers. Conclusion Day/evening napping was prevalent amongst this sample of community-dwelling good/poor sleepers, but was not associated with impaired nocturnal sleep. Although the elimination or restriction of napping is a common element of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi), these results suggest that a uniform recommendation to restrict/eliminate napping (particularly evening napping) may not meet the needs of all older individuals with insomnia. PMID:18691289

Quantum phase transitions and string orders in the spin-1/2 Heisenberg-Ising alternating chain with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction.

PubMed

Liu, Guang-Hua; You, Wen-Long; Li, Wei; Su, Gang

2015-04-29

Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) and the ground-state phase diagram of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg-Ising alternating chain (HIAC) with uniform Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction are investigated by a matrix-product-state (MPS) method. By calculating the odd- and even-string order parameters, we recognize two kinds of Haldane phases, i.e. the odd- and even-Haldane phases. Furthermore, doubly degenerate entanglement spectra on odd and even bonds are observed in odd- and even-Haldane phases, respectively. A rich phase diagram including four different phases, i.e. an antiferromagnetic (AF), AF stripe, odd- and even-Haldane phases, is obtained. These phases are found to be separated by continuous QPTs: the topological QPT between the odd- and even-Haldane phases is verified to be continuous and corresponds to conformal field theory with central charge c = 1; while the rest of the phase transitions in the phase diagram are found to be c = 1/2. We also revisit, with our MPS method, the exactly solvable case of HIAC model with DM interactions only on odd bonds and find that the even-Haldane phase disappears, but the other three phases, i.e. the AF, AF stripe and odd-Haldane phases, still remain in the phase diagram. We exhibit the evolution of the even-Haldane phase by tuning the DM interactions on the even bonds gradually.

Particle-number fluctuations and neutron-proton pairing effects on proton and neutron radii of even-even N Almost-Equal-To Z nuclei

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Douici, M.; Allal, N. H.; Fellah, M.

The particle-number fluctuation effect on the root-mean-square (rms) proton and neutron radii of even-even N Almost-Equal-To Z nuclei is studied in the isovector neutron-proton (np) pairing case using an exact particle-number projection method and the Woods-Saxon model.

25 CFR 36.85 - Is a nurse required to be available in the evenings?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Is a nurse required to be available in the evenings? 36... SITUATIONS Homeliving Programs Staffing § 36.85 Is a nurse required to be available in the evenings? No, a program is not required to make a nurse (LPN or RN) available in the evenings. However, this is encouraged...

25 CFR 36.77 - What are the homeliving staffing requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 1-6) Morning/day 1:20. Evening 1:20. Night 1:40. High School (Gr. 7-12) Morning/day 1:40. Evening 1... level Time of day Ratio Elementary (Grade 1-6) Morning 1:20. During school As school needs. Evening 1:20. Night 1:40. High School (Gr. 7-12) Morning 1:20. During school As school needs. Evening 1:30. Night 1:50...

Patterns of morning and evening fatigue among adults with HIV/AIDS.

PubMed

Lerdal, Anners; Gay, Caryl L; Aouizerat, Bradley E; Portillo, Carmen J; Lee, Kathryn A

2011-08-01

Describe patterns of morning and evening fatigue in adults with HIV and examine their relationship to demographic and clinical factors and other symptoms. Most studies of HIV-related fatigue assess average levels of fatigue and do not address its diurnal fluctuations. Patterns of fatigue over the course of the day may have important implications for assessment and treatment. A cross-sectional, correlational design was used with six repeated measures over 72 hours. A convenience sample of 318 HIV-infected adults was recruited in San Francisco. Socio-demographic, clinical and symptom data were collected with questionnaires. CD4+ T-cell count and viral load were obtained from medical records. Participants completed a four-item version of the Lee Fatigue Scale each morning and evening for three consecutive days. Participants were grouped based on their diurnal pattern of fatigue (high evening only, high morning only, high morning and evening and low morning and evening). Group comparisons and logistic regression were used to determine the unique predictors of each fatigue pattern. The high evening fatigue pattern was associated with anxiety and the high morning pattern was associated with anxiety and depression. The morning fatigue pattern showed very little fluctuation between morning and evening, the evening pattern showed the largest fluctuation. The high morning and evening pattern was associated with anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance and this group reported the most fatigue-related distress and interference in functioning. These results provide initial evidence for the importance of assessing the patient's daily pattern of fatigue fluctuation, as different patterns were associated with different symptom experiences and perhaps different aetiologies. Different fatigue patterns may benefit from tailored intervention strategies. Management of depressive symptoms could be tested in patients who experience high levels of morning fatigue. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Effects on subjective and objective alertness and sleep in response to evening light exposure in older subjects

PubMed Central

Münch, M; Scheuermaier, KD; Zhang, R; Dunne, SP; Guzik, AM; Silva, EJ; Ronda, JM; Duffy, JF

2011-01-01

Evening bright light exposure is reported to ameliorate daytime sleepiness and age-related sleep complaints, and also delays the timing of circadian rhythms. We tested whether evening light exposure given to older adults with sleep-wake complaints would delay the timing of their circadian rhythms with respect to their sleep timing, thereby reducing evening sleepiness and improving subsequent sleep quality. We examined the impact of evening light exposure from two different light sources on subjective alertness, EEG activity during wakefulness, and sleep stages. Ten healthy older adults with sleep complaints (mean age=63.3 yrs; 6F) participated in a 13-day study. After three baseline days, circadian phase was assessed. On the evening of days 5–8 the subjects were exposed for 2 h to either polychromatic blue-enriched white light or standard white fluorescent light, and on the following day circadian phase was re-assessed. Subjects were allowed to leave the laboratory during all but the two days when the circadian phase assessment took place. Evening assessments of subjective alertness, and wake and sleep EEG data were analyzed. Subjective alertness and wake EEG activity in the alpha range (9.75–11.25 Hz) were significantly higher during light exposures when compared to the pre-light exposure evening (p<0.05). The light exposures produced circadian phase shifts and significantly prolonged latency to rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep for both light groups (p<0.05). The increase in wake EEG alpha activity during the light exposures was negatively correlated with REM sleep duration (p<0.05). Evening light exposure could benefit older adults with early evening sleepiness, without negatively impacting the subsequent sleep episode. PMID:21664380

Payroll data based description of working hours in the Danish regions.

PubMed

Garde, Anne Helene; Hansen, Johnni; Kolstad, Henrik A; Larsen, Ann Dyreborg; Pedersen, Jacob; Petersen, Jindong Ding; Hansen, Åse Marie

2018-05-15

The aim was to describe the organization of working hours in the Danish regions according to sex, age and calendar year. Based on the Danish Working Hour Database (DWHD), individuals were classified according to schedules: Permanent day (57.8%), evening (1.7%), or night (1.2%); day/evening (22.0%); day/night (6.6%); evening/night (0.6%); and day/evening/night (10.2%). More men (9.1%) than women (5.9%) worked day/night, whereas more women (10.9%) than men (7.4%) worked day/evening/night. More young than older employees worked day/evening/night, and fewer worked permanent day or night. From 2008 to 2015 we observed a trend towards more employees working permanent day and fewer employees working other schedules. Altogether DWHD provides a strong tool in research on working hours.

Quartetting in even-even and odd-odd N=Z nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sambataro, M.; Sandulescu, N.

2018-02-01

We report on a microscopic description of even-even N = Z nuclei in a formalism of quartets. Quartets are four-body correlated structures characterized by isospin T and angular momentum J. We show that the ground state correlations induced by a realistic shell model interaction can be well accounted for in terms of a restricted set of T = 0 low-J quartets, the J = 0 one playing by far a leading role among them. A conceptually similar description of odd-odd self-conjugate nuclei is given in terms of two distinct families of building blocks, one formed by the same T = 0 quartets employed for the even-even systems and the other by collective pairs with either T = 0 or T = 1. Some applications of this formalism are discussed for nuclei in the sd shell.

Subjective and objective napping and sleep in older adults: are evening naps "bad" for nighttime sleep?

PubMed

Dautovich, Natalie D; McCrae, Christina S; Rowe, Meredeth

2008-09-01

To compare objective and subjective measurements of napping and to examine the relationship between evening napping and nocturnal sleep in older adults. For 12 days, participants wore actigraphs and completed sleep diaries. Community. One hundred individuals who napped, aged 60 to 89 (including good and poor sleepers with typical age-related medical comorbidities). Twelve days of sleep diary and actigraphy provided subjective and objective napping and sleep data. Evening naps (within 2 hours of bedtime) were characteristic of the sample, with peak nap time occurring between 20:30 and 21:00 (average nap time occurred between 14:30 and 15:00). Two categories of nappers were identified: those who took daytime and evening naps and daytime-only. No participants napped during the evening only. Day-and-evening nappers significantly underreported evening napping and demonstrated lower objectively measured sleep onset latencies (20.0 vs 26.5 minutes), less wake after sleep onset (51.4 vs 72.8 minutes), and higher sleep efficiencies (76.8 vs 82%) than daytime-only nappers. Day and evening napping was prevalent in this sample of community-dwelling good and poor sleepers but was not associated with impaired nocturnal sleep. Although the elimination or restriction of napping is a common element of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia, these results suggest that a uniform recommendation to restrict or eliminate napping (particularly evening napping) may not meet the needs of all older individuals with insomnia.

Effect of dietary protein on post-prandial glucose in patients with type 1 diabetes.

PubMed

Borie-Swinburne, C; Sola-Gazagnes, A; Gonfroy-Leymarie, C; Boillot, J; Boitard, C; Larger, E

2013-12-01

In flexible insulin therapy, determination of the prandial insulin dose only takes into account the carbohydrate content of the evening meal, and not the protein content. Protein can, however, contribute to gluconeogenesis. We compared the glycaemic effect of a standard evening meal with that of a test evening meal enriched in protein. The present study was conducted in 28 C-peptide negative patients with type 1 diabetes. Two evening meals that were similar in content, except that one was enriched by the addition of 300 g of 0%-fat fromage frais, were taken on two consecutive days. Insulin doses were maintained exactly the same before both evening meals. Patients were monitored with a continuous glucose-monitoring device. Patients ate similar quantities at both evening meals, except for protein (21.5 g more at the test evening meal). The preprandial insulin dose was 0.96 (0.4) U per 10 g carbohydrates. After correction for differences of interstitial glucose at the start of the evening meals, both interstitial and capillary glucose levels were similar after both evening meals, except for the late-post-prandial interstitial glucose level. We found no effect of dietary protein on post-prandial-, overnight- or late-night glucose levels in patients with type 1 diabetes. This confirms that dietary proteins need not be included in the calculation of prandial insulin dose. © 2013 The Authors Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics © 2013 The British Dietetic Association Ltd.

Distinct Evening Fatigue Profiles in Oncology Outpatients Receiving Chemotherapy

PubMed Central

Wright, Fay; Cooper, Bruce A.; Conley, Yvette P.; Hammer, Marilyn J.; Chen, Lee-May; Paul, Steven M.; Levine, Jon D.; Miaskowski, Christine; Kober, Kord M.

2018-01-01

Background Fatigue is the most common and debilitating symptom experienced by oncology patients during chemotherapy (CTX). Fatigue severity demonstrates a large amount of inter-individual and diurnal variability. Purpose Study purposes were to evaluate for subgroups of patients with distinct evening fatigue profiles and evaluate how these subgroups differed on demographic, clinical, and symptom characteristics. Methods Outpatients with breast, gastrointestinal, gynecological, or lung cancer (n=1332) completed questionnaires six times over two cycles of CTX. Lee Fatigue Scale (LFS) evaluated evening fatigue severity. Latent profile analysis was used to identify distinct evening fatigue profiles. Results Four distinct evening fatigue classes (i.e., Low (14.0%), Moderate (17.2%), High (36.0%), Very High (32.8%)) were identified. Compared to the Low class, patients in the Very High evening fatigue class were: younger, female, had childcare responsibilities, had more years of education, had a lower functional status, had a higher comorbidity burden, and were diagnosed with breast cancer. Patients in the Very High class reported higher levels of depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance, and evening fatigue at enrollment. Conclusions Findings provide new insights into modifiable risk factors for higher levels of evening fatigue. Clinicians can use this information to identify higher risk patients and plan appropriate interventions. PMID:29725554

Nuclear spectroscopy of doubly-even130,132Ba

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Anuradha; Gupta, Surbhi; Singh, Suram; Bharti, Arun

2018-05-01

A comparative study of some high-spin characteristic nuclear structure properties of doubly-even 130,132Ba nuclei has been made using two microscopic frameworks - CHFB and PSM. The yrast spectra, intrinsic quadrupole moment and deformation systematics of these nuclei have been successfully calculated. Further, the calculated data from both the frameworks is also compared with the available experimental data and a good agreement has been obtained. The present CHFB calculations describes very well the low spin structure of even-even 130,132Ba nuclei whereas PSM calculations provide a qualitative description of the high-spin band structure of doubly-even 130,132Ba nuclei.

Baryon number, lepton number, and operator dimension in the Standard Model

DOE PAGES

Kobach, Andrew

2016-05-19

In this study, we prove that for a given operator in the Standard Model (SM) with baryon number ΔB and lepton number ΔL, that the operator's dimension is even (odd) if (ΔB - ΔL)/2 is even (odd). Consequently, this establishes the veracity of statements that were long observed or expected to be true, but not proven, e.g., operators with ΔB - ΔL = 0 are of even dimension, ΔB - ΔL must be an even number, etc. These results remain true even if the SM is augmented by any number of right-handed neutrinos with ΔL = 1.

Break-even analysis in a nurse-managed center.

PubMed

McBryde-Foster, Merry J

2005-01-01

The concept of break-even analysis as a financial assessment tool is defined and demonstrated in evaluation of a proposed nurse-managed center. The advantages of using break-even analysis during proposal development are explored.

The Karhunen-Loeve, discrete cosine, and related transforms obtained via the Hadamard transform. [for data compression

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, H. W.; Hein, D. N.; Knauer, S. C.

1978-01-01

A general class of even/odd transforms is presented that includes the Karhunen-Loeve transform, the discrete cosine transform, the Walsh-Hadamard transform, and other familiar transforms. The more complex even/odd transforms can be computed by combining a simpler even/odd transform with a sparse matrix multiplication. A theoretical performance measure is computed for some even/odd transforms, and two image compression experiments are reported.

Shape coexistence and shape transition in light nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saxena, G.; Kumawat, M.; Singh, U. K.; Kaushik, M.; Jain, S. K.

2018-05-01

A systematic study has been performed to investigate the shape coexistence and shape transition for even-even nuclei between Z = 10-20 by employing Relativistic Mean-Filed plus BCS (RMF+BCS) approach. We calculate ground state properties viz. binding energy, deformation etc. for even-even nuclei to find the shape coexistence and shape transition. These results are found in agreement of recent experiments and consistent with other parameters of RMF and other theories.

Can even-order laser harmonics exhibited by Bohmian trajectories in symmetric potentials be observed?

PubMed

Peatross, J; Johansen, J

2014-01-13

Strong-field laser-atom interactions provide extreme conditions that may be useful for investigating the de Broglie-Bohm quantum interpretation. Bohmian trajectories representing bound electrons in individual atoms exhibit both even and odd harmonic motion when subjected to a strong external laser field. The phases of the even harmonics depend on the random initial positions of the trajectories within the wave function, making the even harmonics incoherent. In contrast, the phases of odd harmonics remain for the most part coherent regardless of initial position. Under the conjecture that a Bohmian point particle plays the role of emitter, this suggests an experiment to determine whether both even and odd harmonics are produced at the atomic level. Estimates suggest that incoherent emission of even harmonics may be detectable out the side of an intense laser focus interacting with a large number of atoms.

Competition and transformation of modes of unidirectional air waveguide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Yu-xin; Kong, Xiang-kun; Fang, Yun-tuan

2016-10-01

In order to study the mode excitation of the unidirectional air waveguide, we place a line source at different positions in the waveguide. The source position plays an important role in determining the result of the competition of the even mode and the odd mode. For the source at the edge of the waveguide, the odd mode gets advantage over the even mode. As a result, the odd mode is excited, but the even mode is suppressed. For the source at the center of the waveguide, the even mode is excited, but the odd mode is suppressed. With two sources at two edges of the waveguide, the even mode is released because the two odd modes are canceled.

Unrestricted evening use of light-emitting tablet computers delays self-selected bedtime and disrupts circadian timing and alertness.

PubMed

Chinoy, Evan D; Duffy, Jeanne F; Czeisler, Charles A

2018-05-01

Consumer electronic devices play an important role in modern society. Technological advancements continually improve their utility and portability, making possible the near-constant use of electronic devices during waking hours. For most people, this includes the evening hours close to bedtime. Evening exposure to light-emitting (LE) devices can adversely affect circadian timing, sleep, and alertness, even when participants maintain a fixed 8-hour sleep episode in darkness and the duration of evening LE-device exposure is limited. Here, we tested the effects of evening LE-device use when participants were allowed to self-select their bedtimes, with wake times fixed as on work/school days. Nine healthy adults (3 women, 25.7 ± 3.0 years) participated in a randomized and counterbalanced study comparing five consecutive evenings of unrestricted LE-tablet computer use versus evenings reading from printed materials. On evenings when using LE-tablets, participants' self-selected bedtimes were on average half an hour later (22:03 ± 00:48 vs. 21:32 ± 00:27 h; P = 0.030), and they showed suppressed melatonin levels (54.17 ± 18.00 vs. 9.75 ± 22.75%; P < 0.001), delayed timing of melatonin secretion onset (20:23 ± 01:06 vs. 19:35 ± 00:59 h; P < 0.001), and later sleep onset (22:25 ± 00:54 vs. 21:54 ± 00:25 h; P = 0.041). When using LE-tablets, participants rated themselves as less sleepy in the evenings (P = 0.030) and less alert in the first hour after awakening on the following mornings (P < 0.001). These findings demonstrate that evening use of LE-tablets can induce delays in self-selected bedtimes, suppress melatonin secretion, and impair next-morning alertness, which may impact the health, performance, and safety of users. © 2018 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.

Diurnal variation in the control of ventilation in response to rising body temperature during exercise in the heat

PubMed Central

Tsuji, Bun; Honda, Yasushi; Kondo, Narihiko

2016-01-01

We investigated whether heat-induced hyperventilation during exercise is affected by time of day, as diurnal variation leads to higher core temperatures in the evening. Nineteen male subjects were divided into two experiments (protocol 1, n = 10 and protocol 2, n = 9). In protocol 1, subjects performed cycle exercise at 50% peak oxygen uptake in the heat (37°C and 50% RH) in the morning (0600) and evening (1800). Results showed that baseline resting and exercising esophageal temperature (Tes) were significantly (0.5°C) higher in the evening than morning. Minute ventilation (V̇e) increased from 54.3 ± 7.9 and 54.9 ± 6.8 l/min at 10 min to 71.4 ± 8.1 and 76.5 ± 11.8 l/min at 48.5 min in the morning and evening, respectively (both P < 0.01). Time of day had no effect on V̇e (P = 0.44). When V̇e as the output response was plotted against Tes as thermal input, the Tes threshold for increases in V̇e was higher in the evening than morning (37.2 ± 0.7 vs. 36.6 ± 0.6°C, P = 0.009), indicating the ventilatory response to the same core temperature is smaller in the evening. In protocol 2, the circadian rhythm-related higher resting Tes seen in the evening was adjusted down to the same temperature seen in the morning by immersing the subject in cold water. Importantly, the time course of changes in V̇e during exercise were smaller in the evening, but the threshold for V̇e remained higher in the evening than morning (P < 0.001). Collectively, those results suggest that time of day has no effect on time course hyperventilation during exercise in the heat, despite the higher core temperatures in the evening. This is likely due to diurnal variation in the control of ventilation in response to rising core temperature. PMID:27335282

Patterns of Morning and Evening Fatigue Among Adults with HIV/AIDS

PubMed Central

Lerdal, Anners; Gay, Caryl L.; Aouizerat, Bradley E.; Portillo, Carmen J.; Lee, Kathryn A.

2011-01-01

Aims and objectives Describe patterns of morning and evening fatigue in adults with HIV and examine their relationship to demographic and clinical factors and other symptoms. Background Most studies of HIV-related fatigue assess average levels of fatigue and do not address its diurnal fluctuations. Patterns of fatigue over the course of the day may have important implications for assessment and treatment. Design A cross-sectional, correlational design was used with six repeated measures over 72 hours. Method A convenience sample of 318 HIV-infected adults was recruited in San Francisco. Socio-demographic, clinical and symptom data were collected with questionnaires. CD4+ T-cell count and viral load were obtained from medical records. Participants completed a four-item version of the Lee Fatigue Scale each morning and evening for three consecutive days. Participants were grouped based on their diurnal pattern of fatigue (high evening only, high morning only, high morning and evening and low morning and evening). Group comparisons and logistic regression were used to determine the unique predictors of each fatigue pattern. Results The high evening fatigue pattern was associated with anxiety and the high morning pattern was associated with anxiety and depression. The morning fatigue pattern showed very little fluctuation between morning and evening, the evening pattern showed the largest fluctuation. The high morning and evening pattern was associated with anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance and this group reported the most fatigue-related distress and interference in functioning. Conclusions These results provide initial evidence for the importance of assessing the patient’s daily pattern of fatigue fluctuation, as different patterns were associated with different symptom experiences and perhaps different etiologies. Relevance to clinical practice Different fatigue patterns may benefit from tailored intervention strategies. Management of depressive symptoms could be tested in patients who experience high levels of morning fatigue. PMID:21752119

REVERSALS OF GNEVYSHEV-OHL RULE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tlatov, Andrey G., E-mail: tlatov@mail.ru

2013-08-01

We perform an analysis of the number of sunspot groups in activity cycles from 1610 through the present. Here we use the G{sub n} index, which is defined as the average daily number of sunspot groups in cycle n. There is a high positive correlation between the parameter G{sub n} in the current cycle and an analogous parameter in the following cycle G{sub n{sub +1}} both for pairs of even-odd cycles and odd-even activity cycles. In cycle Nos. 10-21 for pairs of even-odd cycles, the ratio of parameter G{sub n} corresponds to the GO rule G{sub n{sub +1}{sup odd}}/G{sub n}{supmore » even}>1. However, during the period {approx}1745-1850, odd cycles were less than the preceding even cycles G{sub n{sub +1}{sup odd}}/G{sub n}{sup even}<1. The ratio of the parameter G{sub n{sub +1}{sup odd}}/G{sub n}{sup even} has a long-term variation within the range 0.5-1.5 with a period of about 21 activity cycles, and it proves the reversal of the GO rule.« less

5 CFR Appendix B to Subpart B of... - Nationwide Schedule of Nonappropriated Fund Regular Wage Surveys

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... month in which the survey will begin; and (3) Whether full-scale surveys will be conducted in odd or... October Odd. Maryland Anne Arundel August Even. Charles-St. Mary's August Even. Frederick August Even...

The new break-even analysis.

PubMed

Laskaris, James; Regan, Katie

2013-12-01

Changes in the economic and legislative environment have complicated the capital acquisition landscape. Hospitals and health systems should: Question the assumptions that underlie their break-even analysis. Revamp the break-even calculator. Engage in discussions about the clinical aspects of equipment and technology acquisition decisions.

Virtual source for a Mathieu-Gauss beam

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dan, Li; Zhijun, Ren; Suyu, Deng

2017-05-01

We introduce a group of virtual sources for generating 2nth-order even Mathieu-Gauss beams based on the beam superposition. Integral and differential representations are derived for a 2nth-order even Mathieu-Gauss wave and the solution yields a corresponding 2nth-order even paraxial Mathieu-Gauss beam in an appropriate limit. The first three orders of nonparaxial corrections for the on-axis field of the 2nth-order even paraxial Mathieu-Gauss beam are obtained using the integral representation.

What children eat during afternoons and evenings: is it important?

PubMed

Rockell, Jennifer E; Skidmore, Paula M L; Parnell, Winsome R; Wilson, Noela

2011-03-01

To complete a description of the dietary intakes of New Zealand schoolchildren by describing afternoon and evening foods and nutrients. Twenty-four hour dietary recall data from the 2002 Children's Nutrition Survey were analysed to describe food and nutrient intakes during the afternoon (14.00 to 16.59 hours) and evening (17.00 to 23.59 hours). New Zealand homes and schools. Children (n 2875) aged 5-14 years. Most children consumed something during the afternoon (79 %) and evening (98 %). Children were less likely to consume something during non-school day afternoons; if 11-14 years of age; and when of Pacific ethnicity. Afternoon food consumers had higher daily intakes for most nutrients. Afternoon intake accounted for much of this difference. In the afternoon, children consumed fruit (26 %) and biscuits/crackers (21 %). Evening eating contributed to daily intakes of energy (40 %), fat (43 %), carbohydrate (35 %), sucrose (20 %), glucose (24 %), vitamin A (47 %), Ca (26 %) and Fe (40 %). Children aged 5-6 years consumed a lower proportion of their daily energy intake during the evening than older children. In the evening, just one-third of children consumed vegetables (45 % if including potato/kumara/taro), 19 % fruit and 17 % ate hot chips. Children were more likely to consume vegetables if they also consumed potato/kumara/taro. Twenty-three per cent of children had powdered drinks/cordials, 21 % had soft drinks and 19 % had milk. Consuming foods/drinks in the afternoon positively influenced macronutrient distribution, increasing the carbohydrate proportion. During the evening 40 % of energy intake was consumed but less than one-half of children consumed vegetables; thus inclusion of vegetables in the evening is important, particularly in meals without potato/kumara/taro.

Effects of Acute Endurance Exercise Performed in the Morning and Evening on Inflammatory Cytokine and Metabolic Hormone Responses

PubMed Central

Kim, Hyeon-Ki; Konishi, Masayuki; Takahashi, Masaki; Tabata, Hiroki; Endo, Naoya; Numao, Shigeharu; Lee, Sun-Kyoung; Kim, Young-Hak; Suzuki, Katsuhiko; Sakamoto, Shizuo

2015-01-01

Purpose To compare the effects of endurance exercise performed in the morning and evening on inflammatory cytokine responses in young men. Methods Fourteen healthy male participants aged 24.3 ± 0.8 years (mean ± standard error) performed endurance exercise in the morning (0900–1000 h) on one day and then in the evening (1700–1800 h) on another day with an interval of at least 1 week between each trial. In both the morning and evening trials, the participants walked for 60 minutes at approximately 60% of the maximal oxygen uptake (V·O2max) on a treadmill. Blood samples were collected to determine hormones and inflammatory cytokines at pre-exercise, immediately post exercise, and 2 h post exercise. Results Plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and adrenaline concentrations were significantly higher immediately after exercise in the evening trial than in the morning trial (P < 0.01, both). Serum free fatty acids concentrations were significantly higher in the evening trial than in the morning trial at 2 h after exercise (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between the levels of IL-6 immediately post-exercise and free fatty acids 2 h post-exercise in the evening (r = 0.68, P < 0.01). Conclusions These findings suggest that the effect of acute endurance exercise in the evening enhances the plasma IL-6 and adrenaline concentrations compared to that in the morning. In addition, IL-6 was involved in increasing free fatty acids, suggesting that the evening is more effective for exercise-induced lipolysis compared with the morning. PMID:26352938

Compare the educational achievement of medical students with different circadian rhythms in difficult courses of basic sciences.

PubMed

Liaghatdar, Mohammad Javad; Ashoorion, Vahid; Avizhgan, Maryam

2016-01-01

Advantageous times for different people are different to some extent, considering the effective physiological changes during the circadian rhythm, in terms of the peak time of physiological activities. The goal of this study is to compare the educational achievement of students, with different morning-evening habits, in completing difficult and easy courses. This research is a retrospective descriptive-analytical study, which has been conducted on students of the fifth semester of General Medicine in the Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The morning-evening habits of the students were determined by the Horne-Strauss 19-item questionnaire. The students were asked to determine the courses that were 'difficult' and 'easy,' using a researcher-made questionnaire. The students' scores in the considered courses during the five semesters were obtained from the Education Department of the Faculty and analyzed using the descriptive t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the multivariate regression test in the SPSS software. Sixty-three students (67% girls and 33% boys) participated in this study, of whom 11, 60, and 29% were morning, morning-evening, and evening students, respectively. The mean scores of the difficult courses in all five semesters were reduced in the evening pattern compared to the morning and morning-evening patterns. Reduction of the mean score in the difficult courses, in the evening group, compared with the morning-evening and morning groups was observed in all five semesters among girls, but in three semesters among boys. This study showed that evening students experienced academic failure in difficult courses, which required a more cognitive performance. It is recommended that difficult specialized courses be presented at hours when all student groups have a better cognitive performance.

Are large dinners associated with excess weight, and does eating a smaller dinner achieve greater weight loss? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Fong, Mackenzie; Caterson, Ian D; Madigan, Claire D

2017-10-01

There are suggestions that large evening meals are associated with greater BMI. This study reviewed systematically the association between evening energy intake and weight in adults and aimed to determine whether reducing evening intake achieves weight loss. Databases searched were MEDLINE, PubMed, Cinahl, Web of Science, Cochrane Library of Clinical Trials, EMBASE and SCOPUS. Eligible observational studies investigated the relationship between BMI and evening energy intake. Eligible intervention trials compared weight change between groups where the proportion of evening intake was manipulated. Evening intake was defined as energy consumed during a certain time - for example 18.00-21.00 hours - or self-defined meal slots - that is 'dinner'. The search yielded 121 full texts that were reviewed for eligibility by two independent reviewers. In all, ten observational studies and eight clinical trials were included in the systematic review with four and five included in the meta-analyses, respectively. Four observational studies showed a positive association between large evening intake and BMI, five showed no association and one showed an inverse relationship. The meta-analysis of observational studies showed a non-significant trend between BMI and evening intake (P=0·06). The meta-analysis of intervention trials showed no difference in weight change between small and large dinner groups (-0·89 kg; 95 % CI -2·52, 0·75, P=0·29). This analysis was limited by significant heterogeneity, and many trials had an unknown or high risk of bias. Recommendations to reduce evening intake for weight loss cannot be substantiated by clinical evidence, and more well-controlled intervention trials are needed.

Morning-Evening Newspaper Circulation: What Effect Do Appearance and Content Have?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schweitzer, John C.; And Others

1977-01-01

In a study of jointly-owned morning/evening newspapers in 96 United States cities, it was found that those morning/evening newspapers that were similar in content and appearance reached higher proportions of dual subscribers than those that were dissimilar. (GW)

Conference Planning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carter, Richard

1982-01-01

Presents an overview of the management planning technique known as Break Even Analysis and outlines its use as a tool in financial planning for organizations intending to conduct or sponsor a conference, seminar, or workshop. Three figures illustrating Break Even Analysis concepts and a Break Even Analysis worksheet are included. (JL)

Generations of even-order harmonics from vibrating H2+ and T2+ in the rising and falling parts of the laser field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feng, Liqiang; Kapteyn, Henry J.; Feng, April Y.

2018-04-01

The generations of the even-order harmonics from H2+ and one of its isotope T2+ have been theoretically investigated beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Normally, the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) only contains odd-order harmonics for the orbital symmetry along the direction of laser polarization. Here, we showed that due to asymmetric harmonic emission (asymmetric half-wave profile), the even-order harmonics can be generated in the rising and the falling part of the laser field. In detail, in the lower initial vibrational state, the even-order harmonics main come from the falling part of the laser field; while as the initial vibrational state increases, the identified even-order harmonics in the falling part of the laser field are decreased; while some other even-order harmonics coming from the rising part of the laser field can be produced. The interesting phenomena have been proved through studying the spatial distributions and the time profiles of the HHG.

Systematization of α-decaying nuclei based on shell structures: The case of even-odd nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yarman, Tolga; Zaim, Nimet; Yarman, O.; Kholmetskii, Alexander; Arık, Metin

2017-01-01

Previously, we provided a novel systematization of α-decaying even-even nuclei starting with the classically adopted mechanism (Yarman et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 52, 140 (2016)). The decay half-life of an α-decaying nucleus was framed so that i) the α-particle is taken at the outset to be born inside the parent nucleus with a given probability, ii) where it then keeps on bouncing off of the barrier of the parent nucleus till iii) it finally tunnels through the barrier. Knowing beforehand the measured decay half-life, we have taken into consideration, as a parameter, the probability of the α-particle being first born within the parent before it is emitted. We thence developed a scaffold based on shell properties of families composed of alike even-even nuclei. Nevertheless, our model allows us to incorporate any α-decaying nuclei, and along this line, we present a follow-up systematization of even-odd nuclei, with cases of odd-even and odd-odd α-decaying nuclei pending to be considered in a separate contribution. Notwithstanding, we make an effort herein to expand our approach to investigate the effect of "pairing" ( e.g., when a number of nucleons in the given nucleus becomes an even number, instead of the initial odd number, due to the addition of at least one neutron). Our results show that "pairing", as expected, definitely increases the stability of the given nucleus.

Dim Light Melatonin Onset and Affect in Adolescents With an Evening Circadian Preference.

PubMed

Dolsen, Michael R; Harvey, Allison G

2018-01-01

A shift toward an evening circadian preference and the onset of mood problems often occur during adolescence. Although these changes are linked to poorer outcomes, few studies have considered how positive and negative affect are related to the circadian rhythm during adolescence. This study examined the relationship between evening and morning affect ratings and dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), a measure of endogenous circadian rhythm. Age and sex were tested as moderators. This study is based on a subset of 163 (94 female, age = 14.7) adolescents with an evening circadian preference from a National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-funded study. Participants provided saliva for melatonin analysis and rated evening and morning affect. Higher evening negative affect was related to a later DLMO. Evening positive affect was not significantly related to DLMO timing. Age but not sex was a significant moderator such that higher negative and lower positive affect were related to a later DLMO for 10- to 13-year-olds, whereas higher positive affect was related to a later DLMO for 17- to 18-year-olds. DLMO was not significantly related to morning affect ratings. There is evidence that higher negative and lower positive affect may be related to the shift toward an evening circadian preference observed in adolescents, particularly for younger adolescents. Copyright © 2017 The Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

24 CFR 904.108 - Break-even amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... amount. (a) Definition. The term “break-even amount” as used herein means the minimum average monthly... break-even amount, the excess shall constitute additional Project income and shall be deposited and used in the same manner as other Project income. (c) Deficit in monthly payment. When the homebuyer's...

Colorado Even Start. 1998-1999 Progress Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Beckie

Even Start programs integrate early childhood education, adult literacy or basic education, parenting education and support, and parent and child time to help break the cycle of poverty and illiteracy. This report describes the Even Start program in Colorado, and includes evaluation questions and methods. The report presents evaluation findings…

Colorado Even Start. 1997-1998 Progress Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Beckie

Even Start programs integrate early childhood education, adult literacy or basic education, parenting education and support, and parent and child time together to help break the cycle of poverty and illiteracy. This report describes the Even Start program in Colorado, including evaluation questions and methods. The report also presents evaluation…

Colorado Even Start Progress Report, 2001-2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Beckie

Even Start programs integrate early childhood education, adult literacy or basic education, parenting education and support, and parent and child time together to help break the cycle of poverty and illiteracy. This progress report describes the Even Start program in Colorado and presents evaluation findings from the 2001-2002 implementation year,…

How applicable is even-aged silviculture in the northeast?

Treesearch

Ralph H. Griffin

1977-01-01

The applicability of even-aged silviculture in the management of forest stands in the Northeast is examined through consideration of the forest stand, stand development, intermediate cuttings, and regeneration methods. It is concluded that even-aged silviculture is quite applicable in the management of forest stands in the Northeast.

Large Scale IR Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pavlu, Virgil

2008-01-01

Today, search engines are embedded into all aspects of digital world: in addition to Internet search, all operating systems have integrated search engines that respond even as you type, even over the network, even on cell phones; therefore the importance of their efficacy and efficiency cannot be overstated. There are many open possibilities for…

Generalization of the NpNn scheme to nonyrast levels of even-even nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Y. M.; Arima, A.

2003-07-01

In this Brief Report we present the systematics of excitation energies for even-even nuclei in two regions: the 50

Effect of increased concentrate allotment before evening grazing on herbage intake, nitrogen utilization and rumen fermentation in dairy cows grazed on perennial ryegrass pasture.

PubMed

Ueda, Koichiro; Mitani, Tomohiro; Kondo, Seiji

2016-10-01

Two experiments were conducted to elucidate the effect of increased concentrate allotment before evening grazing on herbage intake, nitrogen utilization and rumen fermentation in dairy cows. In experiment 1, nine lactating cows were grazed in the morning and evening sessions (2.5 h each). The cows were allocated to treatments of three concentrate allotment levels before the evening grazing session by altering proportions to daily total offered; 25%, 50% and 75%. Daily herbage dry matter intake quadratically decreased with increasing the concentrate allotment levels (P < 0.05). Nitrogen utilization was similar among treatments. To investigate diurnal changes in rumen fermentation, a second experiment was conducted where six ruminally cannulated non-lactating dairy cows grazed in the morning and evening sessions (3 h each) were subjected to the same treatments as experiment 1. Total volatile fatty acid concentration in the rumen linearly increased with increasing the concentrate allotment levels throughout the pre-evening grazing session to the post-morning grazing session (P < 0.01). The results indicate that dairy cows reduce daily herbage intake but do not alter nitrogen utilization with increasing concentrate allotment before evening grazing. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science.

Effect of evening exposure to bright or dim light after daytime bright light on absorption of dietary carbohydrates the following morning.

PubMed

Hirota, Naoko; Sone, Yoshiaki; Tokura, Hiromi

2010-01-01

We had previously reported on the effect of exposure to light on the human digestive system: daytime bright light exposure has a positive effect, whereas, evening bright light exposure has a negative effect on the efficiency of dietary carbohydrate absorption from the evening meal. These results prompted us to examine whether the light intensity to which subjects are exposed in the evening affects the efficiency of dietary carbohydrate absorption the following morning. In this study, subjects were exposed to either 50 lux (dim light conditions) or 2,000 lux (bright light conditions) in the evening for 9 h (from 15:00 to 24:00) after staying under bright light in the daytime (under 2,000 lux from 07:00 to 15:00). We measured unabsorbed dietary carbohydrates using the breath-hydrogen test the morning after exposure to either bright light or dim light the previous evening. Results showed that there was no significant difference between the two conditions in the amount of breath hydrogen. This indicates that evening exposure to bright or dim light after bright light exposure in the daytime has no varying effect on digestion or absorption of dietary carbohydrates in the following morning's breakfast.

Diurnal variation in the control of ventilation in response to rising body temperature during exercise in the heat.

PubMed

Tsuji, Bun; Honda, Yasushi; Kondo, Narihiko; Nishiyasu, Takeshi

2016-08-01

We investigated whether heat-induced hyperventilation during exercise is affected by time of day, as diurnal variation leads to higher core temperatures in the evening. Nineteen male subjects were divided into two experiments (protocol 1, n = 10 and protocol 2, n = 9). In protocol 1, subjects performed cycle exercise at 50% peak oxygen uptake in the heat (37°C and 50% RH) in the morning (0600) and evening (1800). Results showed that baseline resting and exercising esophageal temperature (Tes) were significantly (0.5°C) higher in the evening than morning. Minute ventilation (V̇e) increased from 54.3 ± 7.9 and 54.9 ± 6.8 l/min at 10 min to 71.4 ± 8.1 and 76.5 ± 11.8 l/min at 48.5 min in the morning and evening, respectively (both P < 0.01). Time of day had no effect on V̇e (P = 0.44). When V̇e as the output response was plotted against Tes as thermal input, the Tes threshold for increases in V̇e was higher in the evening than morning (37.2 ± 0.7 vs. 36.6 ± 0.6°C, P = 0.009), indicating the ventilatory response to the same core temperature is smaller in the evening. In protocol 2, the circadian rhythm-related higher resting Tes seen in the evening was adjusted down to the same temperature seen in the morning by immersing the subject in cold water. Importantly, the time course of changes in V̇e during exercise were smaller in the evening, but the threshold for V̇e remained higher in the evening than morning (P < 0.001). Collectively, those results suggest that time of day has no effect on time course hyperventilation during exercise in the heat, despite the higher core temperatures in the evening. This is likely due to diurnal variation in the control of ventilation in response to rising core temperature. Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society.

Even-odd alternation of near-infrared spectra of alkane-α,ω-diols in their solid states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Toyama, Yuta; Murakami, Kohei; Yoshimura, Norio; Takayanagi, Masao

2018-05-01

Even-odd alternation of the melting points of α,ω-disubstituted linear alkanes such as alkane-α,ω-diols, alkane-α,ω-dinitriles and α,ω-diaminoalkanes is well known. Melting points for compounds with an even number of carbons in their alkyl chains are systematically higher than those for compounds with an odd number of carbons. In order to clarify the origin of this alternation, near-infrared absorption spectra of linear alkane-α,ω-diols with 3 to 9 carbon atoms in their alkyl chains were measured in the liquid and solid states. The band due to the first overtone of the Osbnd H stretching mode was investigated. The temperature-dependent spectra of all alkane-α,ω-diols in their liquid states were found to be similar; no even-odd alternation was observed. In the solid state, however, spectra of alkane-α,ω-diols with even and odd numbers of carbon atoms differed greatly. Spectra of alkane-α,ω-diols with an odd number of carbon atoms in their solid states were similar to those in the liquid states, although the variation of spectra observed upon lowering the temperature of liquid seemed to continue when the liquids were frozen. In contrast, spectra of alkane-α,ω-diols with an even number of carbon atoms in their liquid and solid states were found to be quite different. New bands appeared upon freezing. The observed even-odd alternation of the spectra observed for alkane-α,ω-diols in their solid states is presumably caused by their even-odd alternation of crystal structures.

Process and Outcomes Evaluation of an Even Start Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meehan, Merrill L.; Walsh, Sandra; Swisher, Angie; Spring, Janet; Lewis, Harry

The Even Start Family Literacy Program is a national program that addresses the literacy and educational needs of adults in eligible families, teaches effective parenting skills, and addresses the preschool readiness needs of young children in the family. The Monongalia County (West Virginia) Even Start Program was unusual in that it took place in…

Effects of edge contrast on redback salamander distribution in even-aged northern hardwoods

Treesearch

Richard M. DeGraaf; Mariko Yamasaki

2002-01-01

Terrestrial salamanders are sensitive to forest disturbance associated with even-aged management. We studied the distribution of redback salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) for 4 yr at edges between even-aged northern hardwood stands along three replicate transects in each of three edge contrast types: regeneration/mature, sapling/mature, and...

New Plans for Evening and Correspondence School Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lebedev, I.I.

A general discussion is given concerning revisions in hours and schedules for evening and correspondence school students engaged in higher technical education. The teaching plan for the evening system consists of two parts: one for instruction in the first three years, and the other for the next three. The plan for correspondence study provides…

Tree species richness decreases while species evenness increases with disturbance frequency in a natural boreal forest landscape.

PubMed

Yeboah, Daniel; Chen, Han Y H; Kingston, Steve

2016-02-01

Understanding species diversity and disturbance relationships is important for biodiversity conservation in disturbance-driven boreal forests. Species richness and evenness may respond differently with stand development following fire. Furthermore, few studies have simultaneously accounted for the influences of climate and local site conditions on species diversity. Using forest inventory data, we examined the relationships between species richness, Shannon's index, evenness, and time since last stand-replacing fire (TSF) in a large landscape of disturbance-driven boreal forest. TSF has negative effect on species richness and Shannon's index, and a positive effect on species evenness. Path analysis revealed that the environmental variables affect richness and Shannon's index only through their effects on TSF while affecting evenness directly as well as through their effects on TSF. Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate that species richness and Shannon's index decrease while species evenness increases with TSF in a boreal forest landscape. Furthermore, we show that disturbance frequency, local site conditions, and climate simultaneously influence tree species diversity through complex direct and indirect effects in the studied boreal forest.

Estimation of the alpha decay of Platinum isotopes using different versions of theoretical formula

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hosseini, S. S.; Hassanabadi, H.; Sobhani, H.

The alpha decay half-lives of even-even and even-odd Platinum (Pt) nuclei have been studied within the Coulomb and proximity potential model (CPPM). The present study is restricted to even-even nuclei with A = 166-198. The results are compared with other calculations such as the Semi-empirical formula (SemFIS) from Poenaru et al. based on fission theory of alpha decay, the Viola-Seaborg (VS), Royer (R) and Brown formulae. Also, the alpha decay half-lives have been calculated using the Scaling law of Brown (SLB), the Universal Decay Law (UDL) of Qi et al., the Scaling Law of Horoi et al. (SLH), and Akrawy-Dorin formula (ADF) of Akrawy and Poenaru, which are the Royer modified formula for alpha decay half-live by adding asymmetry term.

The impact of friends on young adults' drinking over the course of the evening--an event-level analysis.

PubMed

Thrul, Johannes; Kuntsche, Emmanuel

2015-04-01

To examine whether young adults' alcohol consumption during the course of an evening was affected by the number of friends present, and the interaction between participants' gender and number of friends present. Participants used the internet-based cellphone-optimized assessment technique (ICAT) to complete a series of cellphone questionnaires every Thursday, Friday and Saturday evening over five weekends. A multi-level growth curve model (hourly assessments, clustered within evenings, clustered within individuals) with time-invariant and time-varying covariates was estimated. French-speaking Switzerland. A total of 183 young adults (53.0% female, mean age = 23.1) who completed 7205 questionnaires on 1441 evenings. Alcohol consumption and number of friends present assessed at 8 p.m., 9 p.m., 10 p.m., 11 p.m. and midnight. Drinking pace accelerated notably over the course of the evening on Saturdays (b = 0.047; P < 0.01). Men consumed more alcohol than women, particularly at the beginning of the evening (b = 0.152; P < 0.05). However, this effect was no longer significant when the impact of friends was accounted for (b = 0.096; P = 0.139). The higher the number of friends present, the higher the number of drinks consumed at a given time during the course of the evening (b = 0.070; P < 0.001). Cross-level interaction effects indicated that this relationship was stronger for men than women (b = 0.027; P < 0.05). Among young adults in Switzerland, the number of friends present is associated positively with hourly drinking frequency during the course of weekend evenings. The impact of the drinking group size on alcohol use is stronger for men than women. © 2015 Society for the Study of Addiction.

Herbage intake and ruminal digestion of dairy cows grazed on perennial ryegrass pasture either in the morning or evening.

PubMed

Ueda, Koichiro; Mitani, Tomohiro; Kondo, Seiji

2016-08-01

This study aimed to clarify diurnal fluctuations of herbage intake, ruminal fermentation of herbage carbohydrates and proteins, and digesta particulate weight in the rumen of grazing dairy cows. Six ruminally cannulated, non-lactating dairy cows were grazed on perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture either in the morning (04.00 to 08.00 hours) or the evening (16.00 to 20.00 hours). Cows grazed in the evening spent more time (P < 0.01) and consumed more herbage (P < 0.01) compared with cows grazed in the morning. Higher (P < 0.05) daily mean concentrations of total volatile fatty acid, propionate and n-butyrate in rumen fluid were observed for cows grazed in the evening compared with cows grazed in the morning. Although cows grazed in the evening ingested more crude protein compared with cows grazed in the morning, no significant difference in NH3 -N concentration in rumen fluid was observed between them. The ratio of purine-derivative concentration to creatinine concentrations was higher (P < 0.01) in the urine of cows grazed in the evening than in cows grazed in the morning. These results clearly indicated that evening grazing was advantageous for dairy cows compared with morning grazing, in terms of ruminal fermentable energy intake and nitrogen utilization efficiency. © 2015 Japanese Society of Animal Science.

Odd–even structural sensitivity on dynamics in network-forming ionic liquids

DOE PAGES

Yang, Ke; Cai, Zhikun; Tyagi, Madhusudan; ...

2016-04-13

Understanding structural sensitivity on properties of materials is an important step toward the rational design of materials. As a compelling case of sensitive structure-property relationship, an odd-even effect refers to the alternating trend of physical or chemical properties on odd/even number of repeating structural units. In crystalline or semi-crystalline materials, such odd-even variations of macroscopic properties emerge as manifestations of differences in the periodic packing patterns of molecules. Therefore, due to the lack of long-range order, such odd-even phenomenon is not expected in liquids. Herein, we report the discovery of a remarkable odd-even effect of the dynamical properties in themore » liquid phase, which challenges the traditional periodic packing explanations. In a class of network-forming ionic liquid (NIL), using incoherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering measurements, we measured the dynamical properties including the diffusion coefficient and the rotational relaxation time. These dynamical properties showed pronounced alternating trends with increased number of methylene (–CH 2– ) groups in the backbone. Meanwhile, the structure factor S(Q) showed no long-range periodic packing of molecules, while the pair distribution function g(r) revealed subtle differences in the local molecular morphology. As a result, the observed dynamical odd-even phenomenon in liquids showed that profound dynamical changes originate from subtle local structural differences.« less

Work All Day, Study at Night: The Interactive Evening Lecture to Invigorate Working Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stone, Gerard

2014-01-01

Gerard Stone was asked to present the evening lecture in a first-year undergraduate accounting subject. The aim of the subject matter was to provide students with an understanding of fundamental accounting issues and concepts. The subject coordinator advised Stone that, from past experience, most students who attend the evening lecture would be…

A Study of Classroom Literacy Interventions and Outcomes in Even Start. NCEE 2008-4028

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Judkins, David; St. Pierre, Robert; Gutmann, Babette; Goodson, Barbara; von Glatz, Adrienne; Hamilton, Jennifer; Webber, Ann; Troppe, Patricia; Rimdzius, Tracy

2008-01-01

The Even Start Family Literacy Program was established in 1989 to help break the cycle of poverty and illiteracy for low-income families, by improving the literacy skills of parents and their young children. Even Start projects offer family literacy services, defined as four integrated instructional components: (1) Childhood Education (ECE); (2)…

A Rasch Analysis of Assessments of Morning and Evening Fatigue in Oncology Patients Using the Lee Fatigue Scale.

PubMed

Lerdal, Anners; Kottorp, Anders; Gay, Caryl; Aouizerat, Bradley E; Lee, Kathryn A; Miaskowski, Christine

2016-06-01

To accurately investigate diurnal variations in fatigue, a measure needs to be psychometrically sound and demonstrate stable item function in relationship to time of day. Rasch analysis is a modern psychometric approach that can be used to evaluate these characteristics. To evaluate, using Rasch analysis, the psychometric properties of the Lee Fatigue Scale (LFS) in a sample of oncology patients. The sample comprised 587 patients (mean age 57.3 ± 11.9 years, 80% women) undergoing chemotherapy for breast, gastrointestinal, gynecological, or lung cancer. Patients completed the 13-item LFS within 30 minutes of awakening (i.e., morning fatigue) and before going to bed (i.e., evening fatigue). Rasch analysis was used to assess validity and reliability. In initial analyses of differential item function, eight of the 13 items functioned differently depending on whether the LFS was completed in the morning or in the evening. Subsequent analyses were conducted separately for the morning and evening fatigue assessments. Nine of the morning fatigue items and 10 of the evening fatigue items demonstrated acceptable goodness-of-fit to the Rasch model. Principal components analyses indicated that both morning and evening assessments demonstrated unidimensionality. Person-separation indices indicated that both morning and evening fatigue scales were able to distinguish four distinct strata of fatigue severity. Excluding four items from the morning fatigue scale and three items from the evening fatigue scale improved the psychometric properties of the LFS for assessing diurnal variations in fatigue severity in oncology patients. Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Even-odd alternation of near-infrared spectra of alkane-α,ω-diols in their solid states.

PubMed

Toyama, Yuta; Murakami, Kohei; Yoshimura, Norio; Takayanagi, Masao

2018-05-15

Even-odd alternation of the melting points of α,ω-disubstituted linear alkanes such as alkane-α,ω-diols, alkane-α,ω-dinitriles and α,ω-diaminoalkanes is well known. Melting points for compounds with an even number of carbons in their alkyl chains are systematically higher than those for compounds with an odd number of carbons. In order to clarify the origin of this alternation, near-infrared absorption spectra of linear alkane-α,ω-diols with 3 to 9 carbon atoms in their alkyl chains were measured in the liquid and solid states. The band due to the first overtone of the OH stretching mode was investigated. The temperature-dependent spectra of all alkane-α,ω-diols in their liquid states were found to be similar; no even-odd alternation was observed. In the solid state, however, spectra of alkane-α,ω-diols with even and odd numbers of carbon atoms differed greatly. Spectra of alkane-α,ω-diols with an odd number of carbon atoms in their solid states were similar to those in the liquid states, although the variation of spectra observed upon lowering the temperature of liquid seemed to continue when the liquids were frozen. In contrast, spectra of alkane-α,ω-diols with an even number of carbon atoms in their liquid and solid states were found to be quite different. New bands appeared upon freezing. The observed even-odd alternation of the spectra observed for alkane-α,ω-diols in their solid states is presumably caused by their even-odd alternation of crystal structures. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Do adolescents who are night owls have a higher risk of dental caries? - a case-control study.

PubMed

Lundgren, A-M; Öhrn, K; Jönsson, B

2016-08-01

The aim was to evaluate the association between circadian rhythm and the risk of caries in adolescents, as well as their dietary and toothbrushing habits. A group of 196 adolescents (15 and 16 years old) were divided into two equal groups based on caries risk (case = high risk; and control = low risk). Before their dental examinations, they were asked to complete a questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on circadian rhythm, dietary and oral self-care habits, and demographic variables. The participants were divided into three circadian types: evening types who are alert in the evening and tired in the morning; morning types who are the opposite; and neutral types who are neither particularly alert in the evening nor extremely tired in the morning. The most common sleep-cycle group type was neutral (50%). After this came evening types (37%) and finally morning types (13%). Morning and neutral types reported more frequently than evening types that they had breakfast every morning and brushed their teeth twice a day. More evening types were categorized as at high risk of caries. Circadian rhythm, breakfast habits and toothbrushing frequency were associated with a high risk of caries. The predicted probability of being at high risk of caries was almost four times higher for evening types than for morning types (OR 3.8; 95% CI 1.3-10.9). Adolescents who belonged to the evening circadian rhythm group brushed their teeth more seldom, ate breakfast less regularly and had a higher risk of caries than morning types. A patient's circadian rhythm should be considered when planning oral health education for adolescents with a high risk of caries. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Odd versus even: a scientific study of the ‘rules’ of plating

PubMed Central

Michel, Charles; Spence, Charles

2016-01-01

We report on the results of a series of large-scale computer-based preference tests (conducted at The Science Museum in London and online) that evaluated the widely-held belief that food should be plated in odd rather than even numbers of elements in order to maximize the visual appeal of a dish. Participants were presented with pairs of plates of food showing odd versus even number of seared scallops (3 vs. 4; 1–6 in Experiment 7), arranged in a line, as a polygon or randomly, on either a round or square white plate. No consistent evidence for a preference for odd or even numbers of food items was found, thus questioning the oft-made assertion that odd number of items on a plate looks better than an even number. The implications of these results are discussed. PMID:26839741

[Sleep quality and hormone levels in the morning and evening hours under chemical pollution].

PubMed

Budkevich, R O; Budkevich, E V

To evaluate self-assessment of sleep and the level of hormones in the morning and evening in chemical pollution conditions. Three hundred adolescent and adult men living in the regions with low and high levels of chemical pollution were examined using questionnaires for self-assessment of quality of sleep, sleep hygiene, daytime sleepiness. Levels of cortisol and testosterone in the saliva were determined in the morning and evening hours by ELISA. In areas with low pollution level, there were normal changes in hormone levels with an increase in the morning and decrease in the evening. In high pollution conditions, the average levels of hormones increased, the morning-evening gradient disappeared. These conditions were also associated with an increase in daytime sleepiness and disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle and the endocrine regulation system that indicate the possibility of the development of internal desynchronosis.

Morning-evening preference: sleep pattern spectrum and lifestyle habits among Japanese junior high school pupils.

PubMed

Gaina, Alexandru; Sekine, Michikazu; Kanayama, Hitomi; Takashi, Yamagami; Hu, Lizhen; Sengoku, Kayo; Kagamimori, Sadanobu

2006-01-01

We surveyed the sleep-wake patterns and lifestyle habits in a sample of Japanese first to third year junior high school children (n=638, age 12 to 15 yrs), of whom 29.3% were evening type, 64.1% intermediate type, and 6.6% morning type in preference. The morningness-eveningness (M-E) score was lower (more evening typed), 16.1 vs. 15.4 in first compared to third year students. There were significant gender differences, with girls showing a greater evening preference. Evening preference was associated with longer sleep latency, shortened sleep duration during schooldays and weekends, bad morning feeling, and episodes of daytime sleepiness. In contrast, morning preference was associated with higher sleep drive and better sleep-wake parameters and lifestyle habits. Our results suggest the morning preference should be promoted among junior high school children to increase the likelihood of more regular sleep-wake patterns and lifestyle habits.

Regeneration of Patch Harvests in Even-Aged Northern Hardwoods in New England

Treesearch

William B. Leak

2003-01-01

One suggested approach to converting even-aged northern hardwoods to an uneven-aged condition is the use of small-patch harvests to initiate new regeneration of desired species. Past experience indicates that such harvests may be less successful in second-growth, even-aged stands than in olderstands due to the abundance of sprouts and noncommercial species....

From Vision to Action: Solving Problems through Inquiry at Boston Day and Evening Academy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kunst, Andrea

2009-01-01

On a mid-week day in mid-December 2008, Boston Day and Evening Academy's room 209, usually used for board meetings, student assessments, awards dinners, and other occasions requiring an intimate atmosphere, smelled like Chinese food. These second-trimester students at Boston Day and Evening Academy (BDEA) were having a reunion after just a few…

Survey of Weekend and Evening Student and Faculty Needs. Volume XXI, No. 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lucas, John A.

In an effort to determine the needs and perceptions of students and faculty involved in evening and weekend classes at William Rainey Harper College (WRHC) in Palatine, Illinois, surveys were sent to 400 students randomly chosen from 100 course sections taught at WRHC in fall of 1991, and to 767 faculty teaching evening or weekend classes during…

25 CFR 36.77 - What are the homeliving staffing requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... Night 1:40. High School (Gr. 7-12) Morning 1:20. During school As school needs. Evening 1:30. Night 1:50... 1-6) Morning/day 1:20. Evening 1:20. Night 1:40. High School (Gr. 7-12) Morning/day 1:40. Evening 1... meet the staffing requirements of this section. (a) Effective with the 2009-2010 school year, each...

25 CFR 36.77 - What are the homeliving staffing requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

.... Night 1:40. High School (Gr. 7-12) Morning 1:20. During school As school needs. Evening 1:30. Night 1:50... 1-6) Morning/day 1:20. Evening 1:20. Night 1:40. High School (Gr. 7-12) Morning/day 1:40. Evening 1... meet the staffing requirements of this section. (a) Effective with the 2009-2010 school year, each...

25 CFR 36.77 - What are the homeliving staffing requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

.... Night 1:40. High School (Gr. 7-12) Morning 1:20. During school As school needs. Evening 1:30. Night 1:50... 1-6) Morning/day 1:20. Evening 1:20. Night 1:40. High School (Gr. 7-12) Morning/day 1:40. Evening 1... meet the staffing requirements of this section. (a) Effective with the 2009-2010 school year, each...

25 CFR 36.77 - What are the homeliving staffing requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

.... Night 1:40. High School (Gr. 7-12) Morning 1:20. During school As school needs. Evening 1:30. Night 1:50... 1-6) Morning/day 1:20. Evening 1:20. Night 1:40. High School (Gr. 7-12) Morning/day 1:40. Evening 1... meet the staffing requirements of this section. (a) Effective with the 2009-2010 school year, each...

Break-even zones for cable yarding by log size

Treesearch

Chris B. LeDoux

1984-01-01

The use of cable logging to extract small pieces of residue wood may result in low rates of production and a high cost per unit of wood produced. However, the logging manager can improve yarding productivity and break-even in cable residue removal operations by using the proper planning techniques. In this study, break-even zones for specific young-growth stands were...

20 CFR 1002.41 - Does an employee have rights under USERRA even though he or she holds a temporary, part-time...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... even though he or she holds a temporary, part-time, probationary, or seasonal employment position? 1002... employee have rights under USERRA even though he or she holds a temporary, part-time, probationary, or seasonal employment position? USERRA rights are not diminished because an employee holds a temporary, part...

Nevada Even Start Family Literacy Program = Programa de alfabetizacion familiar Even Start de Nevada.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nevada State Dept. of Education, Carson City.

Two pamphlets (one in English and one in Spanish) describe the Nevada Even Start (NEST) program, a home-based system designed to help parents become full partners in the education of their children and to help children and parents reach their full potential as learners. The pamphlets note that the program intends to break the cycle of…

A comparative analysis of alpha-decay half-lives for even-even 178Pb to 234U isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hosseini, S. S.; Hassanabadi, H.; Zarrinkamar, S.

2018-02-01

The feasibility for the alpha decay from the even-even transitions of 178Pb to 234U isotopes has been studied within the Coulomb and proximity potential model (CPPM). The alpha decay half-lives are considered from different theoretical approaches using Semi-empirical formula of Poenaru et al. (SemFIS), the Universal Decay law (UDL) of Qi et al., Akrawy-Dorin formula of Akrawy and Poenaru (ADF), the Scaling law of Brown (SLB) and the Scaling Law of Horoi et al. (SLH). The numerical results obtained by the CPPM and compared with other method as well the experimental data.

Estimation of the break-even point for smoking cessation programs in pregnancy.

PubMed Central

Shipp, M; Croughan-Minihane, M S; Petitti, D B; Washington, A E

1992-01-01

BACKGROUND. Successful programs to help pregnant women quit smoking have been developed and evaluated, but formal smoking cessation programs are not a part of care at most prenatal sites. The cost of such programs may be an issue. Considering the costs of adverse maternal and infant outcomes resulting from smoking, we estimated there would be an amount of money a prenatal program could invest in smoking cessation and still "break even" economically. METHODS. A model was developed and published data, along with 1989 hospital charge data, were used to arrive at a break-even point for smoking cessation programs in pregnancy. RESULTS. Using overall United States data, we arrived at a break-even cost of $32 per pregnant woman. When these data were varied to fit specific US populations, the break-even costs varied from $10 to $237, with the incidence of preterm low birth weight having the most impact on the cost. CONCLUSIONS. It may be advisable to invest greater amounts of money in a prenatal smoking cessation program for some populations. However, for every population there is an amount that can be invested while still breaking even. PMID:1536354

Influence of isovector pairing and particle-number projection effects on spectroscopic factors for one-pair like-particle transfer reactions in proton-rich even-even nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benbouzid, Y.; Allal, N. H.; Fellah, M.; Oudih, M. R.

2018-04-01

Isovector neutron-proton (np) pairing and particle-number fluctuation effects on the spectroscopic factors (SF) corresponding to one-pair like-particle transfer reactions in proton-rich even-even nuclei are studied. With this aim, expressions of the SF corresponding to two-neutron stripping and two-proton pick-up reactions, which take into account the isovector np pairing effect, are established within the generalized BCS approach, using a schematic definition proposed by Chasman. Expressions of the same SF which strictly conserve the particle number are also established within the Sharp-BCS (SBCS) discrete projection method. In both cases, it is shown that these expressions generalize those obtained when only the pairing between like particles is considered. First, the formalism is tested within the Richardson schematic model. Second, it is applied to study even-even proton-rich nuclei using the single-particle energies of a Woods-Saxon mean-field. In both cases, it is shown that the np pairing effect and the particle-number projection effect on the SF values are important, particularly in N = Z nuclei, and must then be taken into account.

Johann Bernhard Aloys von Gudden and the Mad King of Bavaria

PubMed Central

Bhattacharyya, Kalyan B.

2017-01-01

Bernhard von Gudden was a psychiatrist in Prussia and he was summoned in March 1886 to examine King Ludwig II for his apparently insane activities like, profligate spending and erratic behaviour. A team of four estimable psychiatrists pronounced that he was not capable ruling. Consequently, he was dethroned and kept in a castle under supervision of von Gudden. Gudden championed the idea of 'no restraint' and advocated free movement of insane persons and one evening in June, he accompanied the King during an evening stroll to a lake. A few hours later, the corpus of both of them were recovered under mysterious circumstances. Autopsy suggested that the King was drowned but no post-mortem examination was performed on von Gudden. There are plenty of controversies regarding their death like, murder, accidental death or even natural death from cardiac arrest following immersion in cold water, but no incontrovertible conclusion could be arrived at, even after scrupulous analysis by historians and even the diagnosis of insanity of the King has been doubted. Some even suggested that the opinion of psychiatrists were sought as a pretense in order to depose the King. PMID:29184335

Systematization of α-decaying nuclei based on shell structures: The case of odd-even and odd-odd nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yarman, Tolga; Zaim, Nimet; Yarman, Ozan; Kholmetskii, Alexander; Arık, Metin

In previous studies, we provided a novel systematization of α-decaying even-even and even-odd nuclei starting with the classically adopted mechanism [T. Yarman et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 52 (2016) 140; Eur. Phys. J. A 53 (2017) 4]. Knowing beforehand the measured decay half-life, we had taken as a parameter the probability of the α-particle as being first born in a unit period of time, within the parent nucleus before it is emitted out. We thence developed a scaffold based on shell properties of families composed of “alike nuclei”. Along the same line, we now present a systematization of odd-even (OE) as well as odd-odd (OO) nuclei. We apply our approach further to the investigation of the effect of pairing (e.g., the effect when the number of nucleons is increased by one neutron), and that of unpairing (e.g., the effect when the number of nucleons is decreased by one neutron); thus it becomes an even number for the case of odd-even nuclei (Case OE), and an odd number in the case of odd-odd nuclei (Case OO). For the first case (OE), we pick the exemplar set 161Re, 217Fr, 243Bk, 263Db; where we delineate by, respectively, Re, Fr, Bk, and Db all of the odd-even or odd-odd isotopes that neighbor the four mentioned odd-even isotopes on the proposed scaffold. We proceed in the same way for the second case (OO). Thus, we choose the exemplar set of odd-odd nuclei 172Ir, 218Ac, 244Es. We then gather all of the Ir, Ac, and Es odd-odd and odd-even isotopes that neighbor the three mentioned odd-odd isotopes on the proposed scaffold. We show that, in the former case, pairing, as expected, generally increases stability of the given nucleus; and in the latter case, unpairing works in just the opposite direction — i.e., it generally increases instability. We disclose “stability peaks” versus Z for both sets of nuclei, we tackle here. Furthermore, we present a study to highlight an outlook of “odd-A nuclei” at hand. Contrary to the general expectation, we unveil no systematic on that.

Break-even analysis of Medicaid vs fee for service in orthodontic practice: North Carolina as a case study.

PubMed

Murdock, John E; Phillips, Ceib; Beane, Richard; Quinonez, Rocio

2010-03-01

Access to orthodontic services for children enrolled in Medicaid is limited nationwide. Orthodontists cite low fee reimbursement as a significant barrier to Medicaid participation. The purpose of this study was to examine, under a specific set of practice assumptions, the simulated effect on profitability of treating patients covered by Medicaid in orthodontic practices in North Carolina by using a break-even analysis for the 2005 fiscal year. Questionnaires were mailed to 154 orthodontists in active practice in North Carolina. The response rate was 58%. Seventy respondents met the eligibility criteria. Respondents were categorized into 4 groups based on the number of 2005 Medicaid case starts (I, 0; II, 1-5; III, 6-12; IV, 13 or more). By using the aggregated responses for treatment fees, treatment times, and overhead percentages for each group, average per-patient costs were calculated for each group and used in a break-even analysis. Group I accounted for 60% of respondents; group II, 20%; group III, 9%; and group IV, 11%. Assuming that the break-even point had not been reached, the group I practice would have an average estimated loss of $164 per patient whereas groups II, III, and IV would realize average profits from $98 to $256. The break-even point increased slightly in groups I, II, and III after the total number of patients in the patient pool was increased by 5%, assuming that additional patients were enrolled in Medicaid: group I, 203 to 210; group II, 220 to 226; group III, 158 to 160. The break-even point for group IV was 234 patients. Assuming that the break-even point had been reached, all groups were estimated to realize average per-patient profits of $1483 to $1897. Break-even analysis is a basic economic concept applicable to orthodontic practices. Under the specific conditions of this study, the inclusion of 5% of patients enrolled in Medicaid in the active patient pool had minimal effect on the financial break-even point and, assuming that the break-even point had been reached, was unlikely to have a negative financial impact on the practice. 2010 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Feeding styles and evening family meals among recent immigrants.

PubMed

Tovar, Alison; Hennessy, Erin; Must, Aviva; Hughes, Sheryl O; Gute, David M; Sliwa, Sarah; Boulos, Rebecca J; Vikre, Emily Kuross; Kamins, Christina Luongo; Tofuri, Kerline; Pirie, Alex; Economos, Christina D

2013-06-26

The protective effect of family meals on unhealthy weight gain and diet has been shown across multiple age groups; however, it is unknown whether a similar effect is present among diverse immigrant populations. In addition, little research has focused on factors associated with the frequency of evening family meals, such as feeding styles (how parents interact with their child around feeding). Therefore the goals of this paper are to explore the 1) association between the frequency of evening family meals and child weight status among new immigrant families, and 2) influence of immigrant mothers' feeding styles on the frequency of evening family meals. Baseline self-reported socio-demographic information and measured heights and weights were collected for both mother and child (age range: 3–12 years) among 387 mother-child dyads enrolled in Live Well, a community-based, participatory-research, randomized controlled lifestyle intervention to prevent excessive weight gain in recent (<10 years in the U.S.) immigrant mothers and children. For children, height and weight measurements were transformed into BMI z-scores using age-and sex-specific CDC standards and categorized as overweight (85th–94th percentile) and obese (≥95th percentile); mothers’ BMI was calculated. Frequency of evening family meals, eating dinner in front of the TV, acculturation and responses to the Caregiver’s Feeding Styles Questionnaire (CFSQ) were also obtained from the mother. Children were categorized as “eating evening family meals regularly” if they had an evening family meal ≥5 times per week. Overall, 20% of children were overweight and 25% were obese. Less than half (40.9%) of families had regular evening family meals. In multivariate analyses, adjusting for covariates, children who were overweight/obese were significantly less likely to have ≥5 evening family meals/week compared with normal weight children (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.32-0.82) . Mothers who had a low demanding/high responsive or a low demanding/low responsive feeding style, were less likely to have ≥5 evening family meals/week compared to mothers with a high demanding/high responsive feeding style (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.18-0.0.96, OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.13-0.87, respectively). Future interventions and programs that seek to help parents establish healthy household routines, such as family meals, may consider tailoring to specific maternal feeding styles.

Structure and growth of Bi(110) islands on Si(111)√{3 }×√{3 }-B substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nagase, Kentaro; Kokubo, Ikuya; Yamazaki, Shiro; Nakatsuji, Kan; Hirayama, Hiroyuki

2018-05-01

The structure and growth of ultrathin Bi(110) islands were investigated on a Si(111)√{3 }×√{3 }-B substrate by scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). Both even- and odd-layer-height islands nucleated on a one-monolayer-thick wetting layer. The islands preferred the even layer heights over the odd layer heights with an area ratio of 3:1. A weak, long-range corrugation was observed to overlap on the atomic arrangement at the top of the islands. The average distance between the peaks of the corrugation oscillated in accordance with the alternation of even and odd layer heights. Nucleation of single- and double-layer terraces occurred on the islands with even layer heights but not on those with odd layer heights. The unit cell of the single-layer terrace was aligned with that of the underlying even-layer-height island. The inequality in the height preference and the height-dependent oscillation of the corrugation suggested that the even- and odd-layer-height islands possessed different structures. The dominance and stability against terrace nucleation of the even-layer-height islands were consistent with the theoretically predicted stability of the paired layer-stacked black-phosphorus (BP)-like structure for ultrathin Bi(110) films. The alignment of the unit cell at the terrace on the island and STS spectra suggested a BP-like/bulklike/BP-like sandwich structure for the odd-layer-height Bi(110) islands.

First observations of the midlatitude evening anomaly using Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Larquier, S.; Ruohoniemi, J. M.; Baker, J. B. H.; Ravindran Varrier, N.; Lester, M.

2011-10-01

Under geomagnetically quiet conditions, the daytime midlatitude ionosphere is mainly influenced by solar radiation: typically, electron densities in the ionosphere peak around solar noon. Previous observations from the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar (ISR) have evidenced the presence of evening electron densities higher than daytime densities during the summer. The recent development of midlatitude Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars over North America and Japan has revealed an evening enhancement in ground backscatter during the summer. SuperDARN observations are compared to data from the Millstone Hill ISR, confirming a direct relation between the observed evening enhancements in electron densities and ground backscatter. Statistics over a year of data from the Blackstone radar show that the enhancement occurs during sunset for a few hours from April to September. The evening enhancement observed by both SuperDARN and the Millstone Hill ISR is shown to be related to recent satellite observations reporting an enhancement in electron densities over a wide range of longitudes in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitude sector during summer time. Finally, global results from the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) and the horizontal wind model (HWM07) are presented in relation with previously published experimental results and proposed mechanisms of the evening enhancement, namely, thermospheric horizontal winds and geomagnetic field configuration. It is shown that the IRI captures the features of the evening enhancement as observed by SuperDARN radars and satellites.

Use of group-selection and seed-tree cuts by three early-successional migratory species in Arkansas

Treesearch

Lynn E. Alterman; James C. Bednarz; Ronald E. Thill

2005-01-01

Silviculture in the Ouachita National Forest in Arkansas and Oklahoma has shifted in recent years from mostly even-aged management to a mix of even- and uneven-aged regeneration systems, including group-selection. Researchers have described presence/absence of early-successional bird species in forest openings created by even- and uneven-aged silviculture, but few have...

AGU Publications Volunteers Feted At Elegant Editors' Evening

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panning, Jeanette

2013-01-01

The 2012 Fall Meeting Editors' Evening, held at the City Club of San Francisco, was hosted by the Publications Committee and is the premier social event for editors and associate editors attending the Fall Meeting. The evening commenced with a welcome from Carol Finn, incoming AGU president, in which she expressed her thanks to the editors and associate editors for volunteering their time to benefit AGU.

Pointwise convergence of derivatives of Lagrange interpolation polynomials for exponential weights

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Damelin, S. B.; Jung, H. S.

2005-01-01

For a general class of exponential weights on the line and on (-1,1), we study pointwise convergence of the derivatives of Lagrange interpolation. Our weights include even weights of smooth polynomial decay near +/-[infinity] (Freud weights), even weights of faster than smooth polynomial decay near +/-[infinity] (Erdos weights) and even weights which vanish strongly near +/-1, for example Pollaczek type weights.

Observation of new even-parity states of Sm I by resonance ionization mass spectrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jayasekharan, T.; Razvi, M. A. N.; Bhale, G. L.

1996-04-01

Resonance ionization mass spectrometry is applied to investigate high-lying even-parity states of Sm I. Eighty-six even-parity states of Sm I are discovered in the region 32950-36000 cm -1 . Absolute energies of these states are measured with an uncertainty of +/- 0.3 cm -1 , and total angular momenta are uniquely assigned for most of them.

Ground-layer plant community responses to even-age and uneven-age silvicultural treatments in Wisconsin northern hardwood forests

Treesearch

Cristel C. Kern; Brian J. Palik; Terry F. Strong

2006-01-01

We evaluated ground-layer plant diversity and community composition in northern hardwood forests among uncut controls and stands managed with even-age or uneven-age silvicultural systems. Even-age treatments included diameter-limit cuttings (20-cm diameter at 30-cm stem height) in 1952 and shelterwood removals in 1964. Uneven-age treatments included three intensities...

Weed presence altered biotic stress and light signaling in maize even when weeds were removed early in the critical weed-free period

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Weeds reduce crop yield even when there is no competition for resources. A phenomena known as the critical weed-free period (CWFP), which occurs early in the crop’s life cycle, is the essential interval when weed presence can reduce crop growth and yield. Even when weeds are removed after the CWFP, ...

The Plantation Conversion Demonstration at the Crossett Experimental Forest--Implications For Converting Stands From Even-Aged to Uneven-Aged Structure

Treesearch

James M. Guldin; Robert M. Farrar

2002-01-01

In the absence of replicated studies, we used a case study demonstration to illustrate converting a 26-year-old even-aged loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation to uneven-aged structure. Unreplicated treatments included maintaining even-aged structure through low thinning (thinning from below) to a residual basal area of 80 square feet per acre,...

Nuclear isospin effect on α-decay half-lives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akrawy, Dashty T.; Hassanabadi, H.; Hosseini, S. S.; Santhosh, K. P.

2018-07-01

The α-decay half-lives for the even-even, even-odd, odd-even and odd-odd of 356 nuclei in the range 52 ≤Zp ≤ 118 have been studied within the analytical formula of Royer and also within the modified analytical formula of Royer. We calculated the new coefficient of the Royer by fitting 356 isotopes. Also, we considered the Denisov and Khudenko formula and obtained the new coefficient for the modified Denisov and Khudenko formula. We calculated the standard deviation and the average deviation. Analytical results are compared with the experimental data. The results are in better agreement with the experimental data when the effect of the isospin considered for the parent nuclei.

Alignments of parity even/odd-only multipoles in CMB

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aluri, Pavan K.; Ralston, John P.; Weltman, Amanda

2017-12-01

We compare the statistics of parity even and odd multipoles of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) sky from Planck full mission temperature measurements. An excess power in odd multipoles compared to even multipoles has previously been found on large angular scales. Motivated by this apparent parity asymmetry, we evaluate directional statistics associated with even compared to odd multipoles, along with their significances. Primary tools are the Power tensor and Alignment tensor statistics. We limit our analysis to the first 60 multipoles i.e. l = [2, 61]. We find no evidence for statistically unusual alignments of even parity multipoles. More than one independent statistic finds evidence for alignments of anisotropy axes of odd multipoles, with a significance equivalent to ∼2σ or more. The robustness of alignment axes is tested by making Galactic cuts and varying the multipole range. Very interestingly, the region spanned by the (a)symmetry axes is found to broadly contain other parity (a)symmetry axes previously observed in the literature.

Cubic interactions of massless bosonic fields in three dimensions. II. Parity-odd and Chern-Simons vertices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kessel, Pan; Mkrtchyan, Karapet

2018-05-01

This work completes the classification of the cubic vertices for arbitrary-spin massless bosons in three dimensions started in a previous companion paper by constructing parity-odd vertices. Similarly to the parity-even case, there is a unique parity-odd vertex for any given triple s1≥s2≥s3≥2 of massless bosons if the triangle inequalities are satisfied (s1

Pearson's random walk in the space of the CMB phases: Evidence for parity asymmetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hansen, M.; Frejsel, A. M.; Kim, J.; Naselsky, P.; Nesti, F.

2011-05-01

The temperature fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) are supposed to be distributed randomly in both magnitude and phase, following to the simplest model of inflation. In this paper, we look at the odd and even multipoles of the spherical harmonic decomposition of the CMB, and the different characteristics of these, giving rise to a parity asymmetry. We compare the even and odd multipoles in the CMB power spectrum, and also the even and odd mean angles. We find for the multipoles of the power spectrum that there is power excess in odd multipoles, compared to even ones, meaning that we have a parity asymmetry. Further, for the phases, we present a random walk for the mean angles, and find a significant separation for even/odd mean angles, especially so for galactic coordinates. This is further tested and confirmed with a directional parity test, comparing the parity asymmetry in galactic and ecliptic coordinates.

Reversing expectations during discourse comprehension

PubMed Central

Xiang, Ming; Kuperberg, Gina

2014-01-01

In two ERP experiments, we asked whether comprehenders used the concessive connective, even so, to predict upcoming events. Participants read coherent and incoherent scenarios, with and without even so, e.g. “Elizabeth had a history exam on Monday. She took the test and aced/failed it. (Even so), she went home and celebrated wildly.”, as they rated coherence (Experiment 1) or simply answered intermittent comprehension questions (Experiment 2). The semantic function of even so was used to reverse real-world knowledge predictions, leading to an attenuated N400 to coherent versus incoherent target words (“celebrated”). Moreover, its pragmatic communicative function enhanced predictive processing, leading to more N400 attenuation to coherent targets in scenarios with than without even so. This benefit however, did not come for free: the detection of failed event predictions triggered a later posterior positivity and/or an anterior negativity effect, and costs of maintaining alternative likelihood relations manifest as a sustained negativity effect on sentence-final words. PMID:25914891

Role of deformation in odd-even staggering in reaction cross sections for 30,31,32Ne and 36,37,38Mg isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Urata, Y.; Hagino, K.; Sagawa, H.

2017-12-01

We discuss the role of pairing antihalo effect in the observed odd-even staggering in reaction cross sections for 30,31,32Ne and 36,37,38Mg isotopes by taking into account the ground-state deformation of these nuclei. To this end, we construct the ground-state density for the Ne,3130 and Mg,3736 nuclei based on a deformed Woods-Saxon potential, while for the 32Ne and 38Mg nuclei we also take into account the pairing correlation using the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method. We demonstrate that, when the one-neutron separation energy is small for the odd-mass nuclei, a significant odd-even staggering still appears even with finite deformation, although the degree of staggering is somewhat reduced compared to the spherical case. This implies that the pairing antihalo effect in general plays an important role in generating the odd-even staggering in reaction cross sections for weakly bound nuclei.

Collective systematics in the mass 80 region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tabor, S. L.

1986-07-01

The deformation of nuclei around A~80 is found to vary systematically as a function of the product of the number of protons and neutrons (or holes) (NpNn) in the shell extending from 28 to 50 particles. A similar result was reported previously for heavier even A nuclei, but this is the first investigation of a region in which neutrons and protons fill the same major shell and the first application of the technique to odd A nuclei. The systematic behavior is seen in both energy level spacings and electromagnetic quadrupole transition strengths and in both even-even and odd A nuclei. These systematics hold for the measures of deformation not involving the positions of the 0+ states, which are strongly affected by the coexistence of weakly and strongly deformed shapes in some A~80 nuclei. A rather surprising result is that the deformations of the odd-Z-even-N nuclei are substantially larger than those of the even-Z-odd-N nuclei.

Comparison of log quality from even-aged and uneven-aged loblolly pine stands in south Arkansas

Treesearch

James M. Guldin; Michael W. Fitzpatrick

1991-01-01

Log grade, number of knots, and log volume of the first two logs, as well as form class of the butt log, were compared across three broad sawtimber categories among even-aged plantations, even-aged natural stands, and uneven-aged natural stands of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L .) in Ashley County, AR. Trees from uneven-aged stands had butt logs of...

Morning and Evening Daily Newspaper Readers. An NRC Mining Company Report. American Newspaper Publishers Association (ANPA) News Research Report No. 38.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mohn, Elsa

Data collected from 36 different markets and 82 research reports were used to compare the readers of morning and evening newspapers. Patterns across markets revealed morning newspaper readers are more likely than evening newspaper readers to have white-collar occupations, to be better educated, and to have no children under 18 years of age present…

Evaluation of the Monongalia County Schools, Even Start Family Literacy Program. Monongalia County Even Start Program. Parents Are Their Children's First and Most Important Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meehan, Merrill L.

The Monongalia County (West Virgina) Even Start Program begun in 1993 to address family literacy and to prepare children for entrance into school, consists of three interrelated approaches: adult education, parenting education, and early childhood education. In June 1996, the program was serving 62 families (mostly low-income) with an average of…

An Application of Break-Even Analysis To Determine the Costs Associated with the Implementation of an Off-Campus Bachelor Degree Completion Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Satterlee, Brian

This paper applies the management science tool of break-even analysis to determine the costs of implementing an off-campus bachelor degree completion program at a four-year private liberal arts college. The first section describes break-even analysis which, in this application, is calculated by dividing the total annual cost for a cohort of…

The Utility of Selection for Military and Civilian Jobs

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-07-01

parsimonious use of information; the relative ease in making threshold (break-even) judgments compared to estimating actual SDy values higher than a... threshold value, even though judges are unlikely to agree on the exact point estimate for the SDy parameter; and greater understanding of how even small...ability, spatial ability, introversion , anxiety) considered to vary or differ across individuals. A construct (sometimes called a latent variable) is not

Why is intelligence associated with stability of happiness?

PubMed

Kanazawa, Satoshi

2014-08-01

In the National Child Development Study, life-course variability in happiness over 18 years was significantly negatively associated with its mean level (happier individuals were more stable in their happiness, and it was not due to the ceiling effect), as well as childhood general intelligence and all Big Five personality factors (except for Agreeableness). In a multiple regression analysis, childhood general intelligence was the strongest predictor of life-course variability in life satisfaction, stronger than all Big Five personality factors, including Emotional stability. More intelligent individuals were significantly more stable in their happiness, and it was not entirely because: (1) they were more educated and wealthier (even though they were); (2) they were healthier (even though they were); (3) they were more stable in their marital status (even though they were); (4) they were happier (even though they were); (5) they were better able to assess their own happiness accurately (even though they were); or (6) they were better able to recall their previous responses more accurately or they were more honest in their survey responses (even though they were both). While I could exclude all of these alternative explanations, it ultimately remained unclear why more intelligent individuals were more stable in their happiness. © 2013 The British Psychological Society.

Disturbance influences oyster community richness and evenness, but not diversity.

PubMed

Kimbro, David L; Grosholz, Edwin D

2006-09-01

Foundation species in space-limited systems can increase diversity by creating habitat, but they may also reduce diversity by excluding primary space competitors. These contrasting forces of increasing associate diversity and suppressing competitor diversity have rarely been examined experimentally with respect to disturbance. In a benthic marine community in central California, where native oysters are a foundation species, we tested how disturbance influenced overall species richness, evenness, and diversity. Surprisingly, overall diversity did not peak across a disturbance gradient because, as disturbance decreased, decreases in overall species evenness opposed increases in overall species richness. Decreasing disturbance intensity (high oyster abundance) led to increasing species richness of sessile and mobile species combined. This increase was due to the facilitation of secondary sessile and mobile species in the presence of oysters. In contrast, decreasing disturbance intensity and high oyster abundance decreased the evenness of sessile and mobile species. Three factors likely contributed to this decreased evenness: oysters reduced abundances of primary sessile species due to space competition; oysters supported more rare mobile species; and oysters disproportionately increased the relative abundance of a few common mobile species. Our results highlight the need for further studies on how disturbance can differentially affect the evenness and richness of different functional groups, and ultimately how these differences affect the relationship between overall diversity and ecosystem function.

When could a stigma program to address mental illness in the workplace break even?

PubMed

Dewa, Carolyn S; Hoch, Jeffrey S

2014-10-01

To explore basic requirements for a stigma program to produce sufficient savings to pay for itself (that is, break even). A simple economic model was developed to compare reductions in total short-term disability (SDIS) cost relative to a stigma program's costs. A 2-way sensitivity analysis is used to illustrate conditions under which this break-even scenario occurs. Using estimates from the literature for the SDIS costs, this analysis shows that a stigma program can provide value added even if there is no reduction in the length of an SDIS leave. To break even, a stigma program with no reduction in the length of an SDIS leave would need to prevent at least 2.5 SDIS claims in an organization of 1000 workers. Similarly, a stigma program can break even with no reduction in the number of SDIS claims if it is able to reduce SDIS episodes by at least 7 days in an organization of 1000 employees. Modelling results, such as those presented in our paper, provide information to help occupational health payers become prudent buyers in the mental health market place. While in most cases, the required reductions seem modest, the real test of both the model and the program occurs once a stigma program is piloted and evaluated in a real-world setting.

Treatment of Hypertension: Favourable Effect of the Twice-Daily Compared to the Once-Daily (Evening) Administration of Perindopril and Losartan.

PubMed

Szauder, Ipoly; Csajági, Eszter; Major, Zsuzsanna; Pavlik, Gabor; Ujhelyi, Gabriella

2015-01-01

Little is known about the effect of twice daily administration of same dose of ACE inhibitor and ARB on the diurnal/nocturnal blood pressure (BP) ratio. We aimed to assess the effect of two widely used long-acting drugs: perindopril and losartan in the treatment of hypertension comparing the once-daily (evening) vs. twice-daily (morning and evening) administration with the same daily doses. Untreated primary hypertensive patients without complaints (a total of 164: 65 men, 99 women, 55.7 ± 13.7 years of age, 41-41 patients per treated groups) were selected with non-dipper phenomenon, estimated by diurnal index (DI) <10%. The effect of evening (8 mg perindopril or 100 mg losartan) vs morning and evening (4-4 mg perindopril or 50-50 mg losartan) administration was determined on a 14-day treatment by ABPM. The mean BP, the percent time elevation index, and the hyperbaric impact decreased in both drug groups. Significant difference was observed in the DI in the case of twice-daily administration vs once-daily evening dosing. The twice-daily administration with the same daily dose of perindopril or losartan seems to be more effective compared to the once daily evening administration in eliminating the non-dipper phenomenon. According to some authors the non-dipping phenomenon increases cardiovascular risk, while others are of the opinion that the association of non-dipping with cardiovascular events does not necessarily mean that selective treatment of non-dipping improves cardiovascular outcomes. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Trajectories of Evening Fatigue in Oncology Outpatients Receiving Chemotherapy

PubMed Central

Wright, Fay; Melkus, Gail D’Eramo; Hammer, Marilyn; Schmidt, Brian L.; Knobf, M. Tish; Paul, Steven M.; Cartwright, Frances; Mastick, Judy; Cooper, Bruce A.; Chen, Lee-May; Melisko, Michelle; Levine, Jon D.; Kober, Kord; Aouizerat, Bradley E.; Miaskowski, Christine

2015-01-01

Context Fatigue is a distressing, persistent sense of physical tiredness that is not proportional to a person’s recent activity. Fatigue impacts patients’ treatment decisions and can limit their self-care activities. While significant interindividual variability in fatigue severity has been noted, little is known about predictors of interindividual variability in initial levels and trajectories of evening fatigue severity in oncology patients receiving chemotherapy (CTX). Objectives To determine whether demographic, clinical, and symptom characteristics were associated with initial levels as well as the trajectories of evening fatigue. Methods A sample of outpatients with breast, gastrointestinal, gynecological, and lung cancer (N=586) completed demographic and symptom questionnaires a total of six times over two cycles of CTX. Fatigue severity was evaluated using the Lee Fatigue Scale. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to answer the study objectives. Results A large amount of interindividual variability was found in the evening fatigue trajectories. A piecewise model fit the data best. Patients who were White, diagnosed with breast, gynecological, or lung cancer, and who had more years of education, child care responsibilities, lower functional status, and higher levels of sleep disturbance and depression reported higher levels of evening fatigue at enrollment. Conclusion This study identified both non-modifiable (e.g., ethnicity) and modifiable (e.g., child care responsibilities, depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance) risk factors for more severe evening fatigue. Using this information, clinicians can identify patients at higher risk for more severe evening fatigue, provide individualized patient education, and tailor interventions to address the modifiable risk factors. PMID:25828560

Morning-evening difference of team-handball-related short-term maximal physical performances in female team handball players.

PubMed

Mhenni, Thouraya; Michalsik, Lars Bojsen; Mejri, Mohamed Arbi; Yousfi, Narimen; Chaouachi, Anis; Souissi, Nizar; Chamari, Karim

2017-05-01

This study investigated the two different time-of-day effect on team-handball-related short-term maximal physical performances. At two different time-of-day, fifteen young female team handball players performed different physical tests: HandGrip (HG) test, Ball-Throwing Velocity (BTV) test, Modified Agility T-test (MAT) and Repeated Shuttle-Sprint and Jump Ability (RSSJA) test. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale was determined following the termination of the last test. Measurements were performed at two separate testing sessions (i.e., in the morning (7:00-8:30 h) and in the early evening (17:00-18:30 h)) in a randomised and counter-balanced setting on non-consecutive days. The results showed that HG (P = 0.0013), BTV (P = 0.0027) and MAT (P < 0.001) performances were better in the evening compared with the morning. During RSSJA, both best and mean sprint times were shorter in the evening compared to the morning (P < 0.001). Moreover, during the latter test, mean jump performance was higher in the evening compared to the morning (P = 0.026). However, there was no morning-evening difference in the best jump performance during RSSJA. Likewise, jump performance decrement was not affected by the time-of-day of testing. On the other hand, RPE fluctuated, with morning nadirs and afternoon/early evening highest values. The findings suggest that in female team handball players, team-handball-related short-term maximal physical performances were better in the afternoon than in the morning.

Species richness effects on ecosystem multifunctionality depend on evenness, composition and spatial pattern

USGS Publications Warehouse

Maestre, F.T.; Castillo-Monroy, A. P.; Bowker, M.A.; Ochoa-Hueso, R.

2012-01-01

1. Recent studies have suggested that the simultaneous maintenance of multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality) is positively supported by species richness. However, little is known regarding the relative importance of other community attributes (e.g. spatial pattern, species evenness) as drivers of multifunctionality. 2. We conducted two microcosm experiments using model biological soil crust communities dominated by lichens to: (i) evaluate the joint effects and relative importance of changes in species composition, spatial pattern (clumped and random distribution of lichens), evenness (maximal and low evenness) and richness (from two to eight species) on soil functions related to nutrient cycling (β-glucosidase, urease and acid phosphatase enzymes, in situ N availability, total N, organic C, and N fixation), and (ii) assess how these community attributes affect multifunctionality. 3. Species richness, composition and spatial pattern affected multiple ecosystem functions (e.g. organic C, total N, N availability, β-glucosidase activity), albeit the magnitude and direction of their effects varied with the particular function, experiment and soil depth considered. Changes in species composition had effects on organic C, total N and the activity of β-glucosidase. Significant species richness × evenness and spatial pattern × evenness interactions were found when analysing functions such as organic C, total N and the activity of phosphatase. 4. The probability of sustaining multiple ecosystem functions increased with species richness, but this effect was largely modulated by attributes such as species evenness, composition and spatial pattern. Overall, we found that model communities with high species richness, random spatial pattern and low evenness increased multifunctionality. 5. Synthesis. Our results illustrate how different community attributes have a diverse impact on ecosystem functions related to nutrient cycling, and provide new experimental evidence illustrating the importance of the spatial pattern of organisms on ecosystem functioning. They also indicate that species richness is not the only biotic driver of multifunctionality, and that particular combinations of community attributes may be required to maximize it.

Extinction of Conditioned Fear is Better Learned and Recalled in the Morning than in the Evening

PubMed Central

Pace-Schott, Edward F.; Spencer, Rebecca M.C.; Vijayakumar, Shilpa; Ahmed, Nafis; Verga, Patrick W.; Orr, Scott P.; Pitman, Roger K.; Milad, Mohammed R.

2013-01-01

Sleep helps emotional memories consolidate and may promote generalization of fear extinction memory. We examined whether extinction learning and memory might differ in the morning and evening due, potentially, to circadian and/or sleep-homeostatic factors. Healthy men (N=109) in 6 groups completed a 2-session protocol. In Session 1, fear conditioning was followed by extinction learning. Partial reinforcement with mild electric shock produced conditioned skin conductance responses (SCR) to 2 differently colored lamps (CS+), but not a third color (CS−), within the computer image of a room (conditioning context). One CS+ (CS+E) but not the other (CS+U) was immediately extinguished by un-reinforced presentations in a different room (extinction context). Delay durations of 3 hr (within AM or PM), 12 hr (morning-to-evening or evening-to-morning) or 24 hr (morning-to-morning or evening-to-evening) followed. In Session 2, extinction recall and contextual fear renewal were tested. We observed no significant effects of the delay interval on extinction memory but did observe an effect of time-of-day. Fear extinction was significantly better if learned in the morning (p=.002). Collapsing across CS+ type, there was smaller morning differential SCR at both extinction recall (p=.003) and fear renewal (p=.005). Morning extinction recall showed better generalization from the CS+E to CS+U with the response to the CS+U significantly larger than to the CS+E only in the evening (p=.028). Thus, extinction is learned faster and its memory is better generalized in the morning. Cortisol and testosterone showed the expected greater salivary levels in the morning when higher testosterone/cortisol ratio also predicting better extinction learning. Circadian factors may promote morning extinction. Alternatively, evening homeostatic sleep pressure may impede extinction and favor recall of conditioned fear. PMID:23992769

Extinction of conditioned fear is better learned and recalled in the morning than in the evening.

PubMed

Pace-Schott, Edward F; Spencer, Rebecca M C; Vijayakumar, Shilpa; Ahmed, Nafis A K; Verga, Patrick W; Orr, Scott P; Pitman, Roger K; Milad, Mohammed R

2013-11-01

Sleep helps emotional memories consolidate and may promote generalization of fear extinction memory. We examined whether extinction learning and memory might differ in the morning and evening due, potentially, to circadian and/or sleep-homeostatic factors. Healthy men (N = 109) in 6 groups completed a 2-session protocol. In Session 1, fear conditioning was followed by extinction learning. Partial reinforcement with mild electric shock produced conditioned skin conductance responses (SCRs) to 2 differently colored lamps (CS+), but not a third color (CS-), within the computer image of a room (conditioning context). One CS+ (CS + E) but not the other (CS + U) was immediately extinguished by un-reinforced presentations in a different room (extinction context). Delay durations of 3 h (within AM or PM), 12 h (morning-to-evening or evening-to-morning) or 24 h (morning-to-morning or evening-to-evening) followed. In Session 2, extinction recall and contextual fear renewal were tested. We observed no significant effects of the delay interval on extinction memory but did observe an effect of time-of-day. Fear extinction was significantly better if learned in the morning (p = .002). Collapsing across CS + type, there was smaller morning differential SCR at both extinction recall (p = .003) and fear renewal (p = .005). Morning extinction recall showed better generalization from the CS + E to CS + U with the response to the CS + U significantly larger than to the CS + E only in the evening (p = .028). Thus, extinction is learned faster and its memory is better generalized in the morning. Cortisol and testosterone showed the expected greater salivary levels in the morning when higher testosterone/cortisol ratio also predicted better extinction learning. Circadian factors may promote morning extinction. Alternatively, evening homeostatic sleep pressure may impede extinction and favor recall of conditioned fear. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Feeding styles and evening family meals among recent immigrants

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

The protective effect of family meals on unhealthy weight gain and diet has been shown across multiple age groups; however, it is unknown whether a similar effect is present among diverse immigrant populations. In addition, little research has focused on factors associated with the frequency of evening family meals, such as feeding styles (how parents interact with their child around feeding). Therefore the goals of this paper are to explore the 1) association between the frequency of evening family meals and child weight status among new immigrant families, and 2) influence of immigrant mothers’ feeding styles on the frequency of evening family meals. Baseline self-reported socio-demographic information and measured heights and weights were collected for both mother and child (age range: 3–12 years) among 387 mother-child dyads enrolled in Live Well, a community-based, participatory-research, randomized controlled lifestyle intervention to prevent excessive weight gain in recent (<10 years in the U.S.) immigrant mothers and children. For children, height and weight measurements were transformed into BMI z-scores using age-and sex-specific CDC standards and categorized as overweight (85th–94th percentile) and obese (≥95th percentile); mothers’ BMI was calculated. Frequency of evening family meals, eating dinner in front of the TV, acculturation and responses to the Caregiver’s Feeding Styles Questionnaire (CFSQ) were also obtained from the mother. Children were categorized as “eating evening family meals regularly” if they had an evening family meal ≥5 times per week. Overall, 20% of children were overweight and 25% were obese. Less than half (40.9%) of families had regular evening family meals. In multivariate analyses, adjusting for covariates, children who were overweight/obese were significantly less likely to have ≥5 evening family meals/week compared with normal weight children (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.32-0.82) . Mothers who had a low demanding/high responsive or a low demanding/low responsive feeding style, were less likely to have ≥5 evening family meals/week compared to mothers with a high demanding/high responsive feeding style (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.18-0.0.96, OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.13-0.87, respectively). Future interventions and programs that seek to help parents establish healthy household routines, such as family meals, may consider tailoring to specific maternal feeding styles. PMID:23803223

Putting Home Data Management into Perspective

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

approaches. However, users of home and personal storage live it. Popular interfaces (e.g., iTunes , iPhoto, and even drop-down lists of recently...users of home and personal storage live it. Popular interfaces (e.g., iTunes , iPhoto, and even drop-down lists of recently-opened Word documents...live it. Popular interfaces (e.g., iTunes , iPhoto, and even drop- down lists of recently-opened Word documents) allow users to navigate file

ASPIRE: An Even Start Program of Communities in Schools. Final Evaluation Report, Year 3, 1996-97. Publication Number 96.20.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobvitz, Deborah; Crosby, Danielle; Wooley, John; Smith, Ralph

The 1996-97 school year marked the third year of a 4-year grant from the Texas Education Agency's Division of Adult and Community Education for funding the ASPIRE/Even Start program operated by Communities In Schools-Central Texas Inc. (CIS). The broad purpose of Even Start is to help break the cycle of poverty and illiteracy in families by…

Systematics of g factors of 2{sub 1}{sup +} states in even-even nuclei from Gd to Pt: A microscopic description by the projected shell model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bian, Bao-An; Institute of Low Energy Nuclear Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875; Di, Yao-Min

2007-01-15

The systematics of g factor of the first excited 2{sup +} state vs neutron number N is studied by the projected shell model. The study covers the even-even nuclei of all isotopic chains from Gd to Pt. g factors are calculated by using the many-body wave functions that well reproduce the energy levels and B(E2)s of the ground-state bands. For Gd to W isotopes the characteristic feature of the g factor data along an isotopic chain is described by the present model. Deficiency of the model in the g factor description for the heavier Os and Pt isotopes is discussed.

Evidence of chiral bands in even-even nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petrache, C. M.; Lv, B. F.; Astier, A.; Dupont, E.; Wang, Y. K.; Zhang, S. Q.; Zhao, P. W.; Ren, Z. X.; Meng, J.; Greenlees, P. T.; Badran, H.; Cox, D. M.; Grahn, T.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Konki, J.; Pakarinen, J.; Papadakis, P.; Partanen, J.; Rahkila, P.; Sandzelius, M.; Saren, J.; Scholey, C.; Sorri, J.; Stolze, S.; Uusitalo, J.; Cederwall, B.; Aktas, Ö.; Ertoprak, A.; Liu, H.; Matta, S.; Subramaniam, P.; Guo, S.; Liu, M. L.; Zhou, X. H.; Wang, K. L.; Kuti, I.; Timár, J.; Tucholski, A.; Srebrny, J.; Andreoiu, C.

2018-04-01

Evidence for chiral doublet bands has been observed for the first time in the even-even nucleus 136Nd. One chiral band was firmly established. Four other candidates for chiral bands were also identified, which can contribute to the realization of the multiple pairs of chiral doublet bands (M χ D ) phenomenon. The observed bands are investigated by the constrained and tilted axis cranking covariant density functional theory (TAC-CDFT). Possible configurations have been explored. The experimental energy spectra, angular momenta, and B (M 1 )/B (E 2 ) values for the assigned configurations are globally reproduced by TAC-CDFT. Calculated results support the chiral interpretation of the observed bands, which correspond to shapes with maximum triaxiality induced by different multiquasiparticle configurations in 136Nd.

Effects of cardiothoracic physiotherapy on intrapulmonary shunt in abdominal surgical patients.

PubMed

Ntoumenopoulos, George; Greenwood, Kenneth

1996-01-01

This study investigated the provision of additional evening physiotherapy on pulmonary complications and intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) after abdominal surgery. Thirty-one elderly patients received either daylight only or daylight plus evening physiotherapy for up to 48 hours. Physiotherapy included combinations of positioning, gravity assisted drainage, breathing exercises, manual techniques, coughing and airway suctioning. Measurements included Qs/Qt and post-operative pulmonary complications. While no significant difference in atelectasis was found, the post-operative Qs/Qt data averaged into six-hour time frames demonstrated significantly lower mean Qs/Qt for the daylight plus evening physiotherapy group between 18 and 24 hours post-surgery. Additional evening physiotherapy may reduce post-operative deterioration in gas exchange after major abdominal surgery.

Lande gJ factors for even-parity electronic levels in the holmium atom

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stefanska, D.; Werbowy, S.; Krzykowski, A.; Furmann, B.

2018-05-01

In this work the hyperfine structure of the Zeeman splitting for 18 even-parity levels in the holmium atom was investigated. The experimental method applied was laser induced fluorescence in a hollow cathode discharge lamp. 20 spectral lines were investigated involving odd-parity levels from the ground multiplet, for which Lande gJ factors are known with high precision, as the lower levels; this greatly facilitated the evaluation of gJ factors for the upper levels. The gJ values for the even-parity levels considered are reported for the first time. They proved to compare fairly well with the values obtained recently in a semi-empirical analysis for the even-parity level system of Ho I.

Magnetic storm inflation in the evening sector.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cahill, L. J., Jr.

1973-01-01

Analysis of the different behavior of a double magnetic disturbance in November 1971, as observed by Explorer 45, and in December 1971, as shown by ground level magnetic observations. The time sequence of magnetic storm inflation in the evening quadrant of the magnetosphere, as determined by both series of observations, is used as the criterion of the analysis. Particular attention is given to the various phases of proton penetration into the evening quadrant of the magnetosphere during the magnetic disturbance.

Engaging Families: Even Start Regional Technical Assistance Conference Proceedings (St. Louis, Missouri, October 5-8, 1993; Washington, D.C., October 20-23, 1993; Lajolla, California, November 14-16, 1993).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

D'Angelo, Diane; Harvell, Cynthia

Even Start is a comprehensive program of family support intended to help parents provide children who are at-risk with the tools necessary to start formal schooling. This report provides an overview of the conference agendas of three U.S. Department of Education Even Start Technical Assistance conferences, as well as information gathered from the…

JPRS Report, East Europe.

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-05

also the destiny of the entire reform "beat" even people in show business (Vice Vukov ), in will depend on its solution. It is clear, after all, even to...1990 M. Dabrowski: We have not decided to impose an administrative wage freeze, even though we were J . Eysymontt: The Sejm has passed decrees concerning...the year from sales of capital, for the time being in the form of 1991. the issuance of longterm bonds convertible to shares. J . Eysymontt: What would

A Comparative Analysis into U.S. Military Abuses at the My Lai Massacre and Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

abuse by U.S. service members, even if few and far between, have nearly irreversible impacts on the United States, including straining foreign...U.S. service members, even if few and far between, have nearly irreversible impacts on the United States, including straining foreign relations...even though violence has plagued human history. Psychology has much to offer in understanding isolated incidents of abuse. The impacts of a group

The Even-Rho and Even-Epsilon Algorithms for Accelerating Convergence of a Numerical Sequence

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

equal, leading to zero or very small divisors. Computer programs implementing these algorithms are given along with sample output. An appreciable amount...calculation of the array of Shank’s transforms or, -A equivalently, of the related Padd Table. The :other, the even-rho algorithm, is closely related...leading to zero or very small divisors. Computer pro- grams implementing these algorithms are given along with sample output. An appreciable amount or

Alpha decay calculations with a new formula

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akrawy, D. T.; Poenaru, D. N.

2017-10-01

A new semi-empirical formula for calculations of α decay half-lives is presented. It was derived from the Royer relationship by introducing new parameters which are fixed by fit to a set of experimental data. We are using three sets: set A with 130 e-e (even-even), 119 e-o (even-odd), 109 o-e, and 96 o-o, set B with 188 e-e, 147 e-o, 131 o-e and 114 o-o, and set C with 136 e-e, 84 e-o, 76 o-e and 48 o-o alpha emitters. A comparison of results obtained with the new formula (newF) and the following well known relationships: semiempirical relationship based on fission theory (semFIS), analytical superasymmetric fission (ASAF) model and universal formula (UNIV) made in terms of rms standard deviation. We also introduced a weighted mean value of this quantity, allowing us to compare the global properties of a given model. For set B the order of the four models is the following: semFIS, UNIV, newF and ASAF. Nevertheless for even-even alpha emitters, UNIV gives the second best result after semFIS, and for odd-even parents the second is newF. Despite its simplicity in comparison with semFIS, newF, presented in this article, behaves quite well, competing with the other well known relationships.

When Could a Stigma Program to Address Mental Illness in the Workplace Break Even?

PubMed Central

Dewa, Carolyn S; Hoch, Jeffrey S

2014-01-01

Objective: To explore basic requirements for a stigma program to produce sufficient savings to pay for itself (that is, break even). Methods: A simple economic model was developed to compare reductions in total short-term disability (SDIS) cost relative to a stigma program’s costs. A 2-way sensitivity analysis is used to illustrate conditions under which this break-even scenario occurs. Results: Using estimates from the literature for the SDIS costs, this analysis shows that a stigma program can provide value added even if there is no reduction in the length of an SDIS leave. To break even, a stigma program with no reduction in the length of an SDIS leave would need to prevent at least 2.5 SDIS claims in an organization of 1000 workers. Similarly, a stigma program can break even with no reduction in the number of SDIS claims if it is able to reduce SDIS episodes by at least 7 days in an organization of 1000 employees. Conclusions: Modelling results, such as those presented in our paper, provide information to help occupational health payers become prudent buyers in the mental health market place. While in most cases, the required reductions seem modest, the real test of both the model and the program occurs once a stigma program is piloted and evaluated in a real-world setting. PMID:25565701

Melanoma

MedlinePlus

... flat or raised, large or small, light or dark, and can appear anywhere on our bodies. Sometimes, ... can still get melanoma even if they're dark skinned, young, and have no family history. Even ...

The Relationship between Phytoplankton Evenness and Copepod Abundance in Lake Nansihu, China

PubMed Central

Tian, Wang; Zhang, Huayong; Zhao, Lei; Xu, Xiang; Huang, Hai

2016-01-01

The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is a central issue in ecology. Previous studies have shown that producer diversity can impact the consumer community via predator-prey interactions. However, direct observations of this relationship remain rare, in particular for aquatic ecosystems. In this research, the relationship between phytoplankton diversity (species richness and evenness) and the abundance of copepods was analyzed in Lake Nansihu, a meso-eutrophic lake in China. The results showed that copepods abundance was significantly decreased with increasing phytoplankton evenness throughout the year. However, both species richness and phytoplankton biomass showed no significant relationship with the abundance of copepods. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that phytoplankton evenness was negatively correlated with Thermocyclops kawamurai, Cyclops vicinus, Eucyclops serrulatus, Mesocyclops leuckarti, Sinocalanus tenellus, Sinocalanus dorrii, Copepods nauplius, but positively correlated with many Cyanophyta species (Chroococcus minutus, Dactylococcopsis acicularis, Microcystis incerta, Merismopedia tenuissima, Merismopedia sinica and Lyngbya limnetica). Based on our results, phytoplankton evenness was a better predictor of copepods abundance in meso-eutrophic lakes. These results provide new insights into the relationship between diversity and ecosystem functioning in aquatic ecosystems. PMID:27589782

The Relationship between Phytoplankton Evenness and Copepod Abundance in Lake Nansihu, China.

PubMed

Tian, Wang; Zhang, Huayong; Zhao, Lei; Xu, Xiang; Huang, Hai

2016-08-31

The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is a central issue in ecology. Previous studies have shown that producer diversity can impact the consumer community via predator-prey interactions. However, direct observations of this relationship remain rare, in particular for aquatic ecosystems. In this research, the relationship between phytoplankton diversity (species richness and evenness) and the abundance of copepods was analyzed in Lake Nansihu, a meso-eutrophic lake in China. The results showed that copepods abundance was significantly decreased with increasing phytoplankton evenness throughout the year. However, both species richness and phytoplankton biomass showed no significant relationship with the abundance of copepods. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that phytoplankton evenness was negatively correlated with Thermocyclops kawamurai, Cyclops vicinus, Eucyclops serrulatus, Mesocyclops leuckarti, Sinocalanus tenellus, Sinocalanus dorrii, Copepods nauplius, but positively correlated with many Cyanophyta species (Chroococcus minutus, Dactylococcopsis acicularis, Microcystis incerta, Merismopedia tenuissima, Merismopedia sinica and Lyngbya limnetica). Based on our results, phytoplankton evenness was a better predictor of copepods abundance in meso-eutrophic lakes. These results provide new insights into the relationship between diversity and ecosystem functioning in aquatic ecosystems.

Mobile phones in a traffic flow: a geographical perspective to evening rush hour traffic analysis using call detail records.

PubMed

Järv, Olle; Ahas, Rein; Saluveer, Erki; Derudder, Ben; Witlox, Frank

2012-01-01

Excessive land use and suburbanisation around densely populated urban areas has gone hand in hand with a growth in overall transportation and discussions about causality of traffic congestions. The objective of this paper is to gain new insight regarding the composition of traffic flows, and to reveal how and to what extent suburbanites' travelling affects rush hour traffic. We put forward an alternative methodological approach using call detail records of mobile phones to assess the composition of traffic flows during the evening rush hour in Tallinn, Estonia. We found that daily commuting and suburbanites influence transportation demand by amplifying the evening rush hour traffic, although daily commuting trips comprises only 31% of all movement at that time. The geography of the Friday evening rush hour is distinctive from other working days, presumably in connection with domestic tourism and leisure time activities. This suggests that the rise of the overall mobility of individuals due to societal changes may play a greater role in evening rush hour traffic conditions than does the impact of suburbanisation.

Break-Even Income Analysis of Pharmacy Graduates Compared to High School and College Graduates.

PubMed

Chisholm-Burns, Marie A; Gatwood, Justin; Spivey, Christina A; Dickey, Susan E

2016-04-25

Objective. To project the net cumulative income break-even point between practicing pharmacists and those who enter the workforce directly after high school graduation or after obtaining a bachelor's degree. Methods. Markov modeling and break-even analysis were conducted. Estimated costs of education were used in calculating net early career earnings of high school graduates, bachelor's degree holders, pharmacists without residency training, and pharmacists with residency training. Results. Models indicate that over the first 10 years of a pharmacist's career, they accumulate net earnings of $716 345 to $1 064 840, depending on cost of obtaining the PharmD degree and career path followed. In the break-even analysis, all pharmacy career tracks surpassed net cumulative earnings of high school graduates by age 33 and bachelor's degree holders by age 34. Conclusion. Regardless of the chosen pharmacy career track and the typical cost of obtaining a PharmD degree, the model under study assumptions demonstrates that pharmacy education has a positive financial return on investment, with a projected break-even point of less than 10 years upon career entry.

Mobile Phones in a Traffic Flow: A Geographical Perspective to Evening Rush Hour Traffic Analysis Using Call Detail Records

PubMed Central

Järv, Olle; Ahas, Rein; Saluveer, Erki; Derudder, Ben; Witlox, Frank

2012-01-01

Excessive land use and suburbanisation around densely populated urban areas has gone hand in hand with a growth in overall transportation and discussions about causality of traffic congestions. The objective of this paper is to gain new insight regarding the composition of traffic flows, and to reveal how and to what extent suburbanites’ travelling affects rush hour traffic. We put forward an alternative methodological approach using call detail records of mobile phones to assess the composition of traffic flows during the evening rush hour in Tallinn, Estonia. We found that daily commuting and suburbanites influence transportation demand by amplifying the evening rush hour traffic, although daily commuting trips comprises only 31% of all movement at that time. The geography of the Friday evening rush hour is distinctive from other working days, presumably in connection with domestic tourism and leisure time activities. This suggests that the rise of the overall mobility of individuals due to societal changes may play a greater role in evening rush hour traffic conditions than does the impact of suburbanisation. PMID:23155461

Break-Even Income Analysis of Pharmacy Graduates Compared to High School and College Graduates

PubMed Central

Gatwood, Justin; Spivey, Christina A.; Dickey, Susan E.

2016-01-01

Objective. To project the net cumulative income break-even point between practicing pharmacists and those who enter the workforce directly after high school graduation or after obtaining a bachelor’s degree. Methods. Markov modeling and break-even analysis were conducted. Estimated costs of education were used in calculating net early career earnings of high school graduates, bachelor’s degree holders, pharmacists without residency training, and pharmacists with residency training. Results. Models indicate that over the first 10 years of a pharmacist’s career, they accumulate net earnings of $716 345 to $1 064 840, depending on cost of obtaining the PharmD degree and career path followed. In the break-even analysis, all pharmacy career tracks surpassed net cumulative earnings of high school graduates by age 33 and bachelor’s degree holders by age 34. Conclusion. Regardless of the chosen pharmacy career track and the typical cost of obtaining a PharmD degree, the model under study assumptions demonstrates that pharmacy education has a positive financial return on investment, with a projected break-even point of less than 10 years upon career entry. PMID:27170815

Self-consistent description of the SHFB equations for 112Sn

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghafouri, M.; Sadeghi, H.; Torkiha, M.

2018-03-01

The Hartree-Fock (HF) method is an excellent approximation of the closed shell magic nuclei. Pair correlation is essential for the description of open shell nuclei and has been derived for even-even, odd-odd and even-odd nuclei. These effects are reported by Hartree-Fock with BCS (HFBCS) or Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov (HFB). These issues have been investigated, especially in the nuclear charts, and such studies have been compared with the observed information. We compute observations such as total binding energy, charge radius, densities, separation energies, pairing gaps and potential energy surfaces for neutrons and protons, and compare them with experimental data and the result of the spherical codes. In spherical even-even neutron-rich nuclei are considered in the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov (SHFB) method with density-dependent pairing interaction. Zero-range density-dependent interactions is used in the pairing channel. We solve SHF or SHFB equations in the spatial coordinates with spherical symmetry for tin isotopes such as 112Sn. The numerical accuracy of solving equations in the coordinate space is much greater than the fundamental extensions, which yields almost precise results.

High-harmonic spectroscopy of oriented OCS molecules: emission of even and odd harmonics.

PubMed

Kraus, P M; Rupenyan, A; Wörner, H J

2012-12-07

We study the emission of even and odd high-harmonic orders from oriented OCS molecules. We use an intense, nonresonant femtosecond laser pulse superimposed with its phase-controlled second harmonic field to impulsively align and orient a dense sample of molecules from which we subsequently generate high-order harmonics. The even harmonics appear around the full revivals of the rotational dynamics. We demonstrate perfect coherent control over their intensity through the subcycle delay of the two-color fields. The odd harmonics are insensitive to the degree of orientation, but modulate with the degree of axis alignment, in agreement with calculated photorecombination dipole moments. We further compare the shape of the even and odd harmonic spectra with our calculations and determine the degree of orientation.

Glauber-based evaluations of the odd moments of the initial eccentricity relative to the even order participant plates

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lacey, R.; Wei, R.; Ajitanand, N.

2011-09-01

Monte Carlo simulations are used to compute the centrality dependence of the odd moments of the initial eccentricity {var_epsilon}{sub n+1}, relative to the even-order (n) participant planes {Psi}{sub n} in Au + Au collisions. The results obtained for two models of the eccentricity - the Glauber and the factorized Kharzeev-Levin-Nardi (fKLN) models - indicate magnitudes which are essentially zero. They suggest that a possible correlation between the orientations of the odd and even participant planes ({Psi}{sub n+1} and {Psi}{sub n}, respectively) does not have a significant influence on the calculated eccentricities. An experimental verification test for correlations between the orientationsmore » of the odd and even participant planes is also proposed.« less

Target recognition of ladar range images using even-order Zernike moments.

PubMed

Liu, Zheng-Jun; Li, Qi; Xia, Zhi-Wei; Wang, Qi

2012-11-01

Ladar range images have attracted considerable attention in automatic target recognition fields. In this paper, Zernike moments (ZMs) are applied to classify the target of the range image from an arbitrary azimuth angle. However, ZMs suffer from high computational costs. To improve the performance of target recognition based on small samples, even-order ZMs with serial-parallel backpropagation neural networks (BPNNs) are applied to recognize the target of the range image. It is found that the rotation invariance and classified performance of the even-order ZMs are both better than for odd-order moments and for moments compressed by principal component analysis. The experimental results demonstrate that combining the even-order ZMs with serial-parallel BPNNs can significantly improve the recognition rate for small samples.

Evaluation of airfield pavement evenness

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pietruszewski, Paweł; Poświata, Adam; Wesołowski, Mariusz

2018-05-01

The evenness of airfield pavements is one of the basic operating parameters, which characterize them. The evenness determines not only comfort of traffic along an airfield pavement, but also influences the size of dynamic effect on the pavement, hence, the safety of air operations. In addition, the evenness condition changing as a result of dynamic loads, adverse weather conditions or inappropriate airfield pavement construction technology, lead to deviations from the desired condition in the form of longitudinal and transverse unevenness. As a result, systematic and correct performance of tests is a very significant and required factor impacting the improvement of traffic safety on airfield pavements. If the data obtained through the measurements are not sufficiently reliable, they may consequently lead to making incorrect decisions, which can ultimately impact the safety of air operations.

Dipole response of the odd-proton nucleus 205Tl up to the neutron-separation energy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benouaret, N.; Beller, J.; Pai, H.; Pietralla, N.; Ponomarev, V. Yu; Romig, C.; Schnorrenberger, L.; Zweidinger, M.; Scheck, M.; Isaak, J.; Savran, D.; Sonnabend, K.; Raut, R.; Rusev, G.; Tonchev, A. P.; Tornow, W.; Weller, H. R.; Kelley, J. H.

2016-11-01

The low-lying electromagnetic dipole strength of the odd-proton nuclide 205Tl has been investigated up to the neutron separation energy exploiting the method of nuclear resonance fluorescence. In total, 61 levels of 205Tl have been identified. The measured strength distribution of 205Tl is discussed and compared to those of even-even and even-odd mass nuclei in the same mass region as well as to calculations that have been performed within the quasi-particle phonon model.

Alternative method for evaluating the pair energy of nucleons in nuclei

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nurmukhamedov, A. M., E-mail: fattah52@mail.ru

2015-12-15

An alternative method for determining the odd–even effect parameter related to special features of the Casimir operator in Wigner’s mass formula for nuclei is proposed. A procedure for calculating this parameter is presented. The proposed method relies on a geometric interpretation of the Casimir operator, experimental data concerning the contribution of spin–orbit interaction to the nuclear mass for even–even and odd–odd nuclei, and systematics of energy gaps in the spectra of excited states of even–even nuclei.

Inhibition of the cataleptic effect of tetrahydrocannabinol by other constituents of Cannabis sativa L.

PubMed

Formukong, E A; Evans, A T; Evans, F J

1988-02-01

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) induced catalepsy in mice, whereas a cannabis oil (6.68% w/w THC), four cannabinoids and a synthetic mixture did not. Cannabinol (CBN) and olivetol inhibited THC-induced catalepsy in the mornings and the evenings, but cannabidiol (CBD) exhibited this effect only in the evenings. A combination of CBN and CBD inhibited THC-induced catalepsy equal to that of CBN alone in the mornings, but this inhibition was greater than that produced by CBN alone in the evenings.

Fiber Coupled Laser Diodes with Even Illumination Pattern

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howard, Richard T. (Inventor)

2007-01-01

An optical fiber for evenly illuminating a target. The optical fiber is coupled to a laser emitting diode and receives laser light. The la ser light travels through the fiber optic and exits at an exit end. T he exit end has a diffractive optical pattern formed thereon via etch ing, molding or cutting, to reduce the Gaussian profile present in co nventional fiber optic cables The reduction of the Gaussian provides an even illumination from the fiber optic cable.

Review of the Fiscal Year 2013 (FY13) Defense Environmental International Cooperation (DEIC) Program

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-01

year. Of the remaining projects, the Advisory Group then identifies those projects that it feels merit support, but were not as high a priority... remaining 20 percent of the original budget. Thus, even if a project were listed for such funding, it would not necessarily be funded even if the full...DEIC program budget were available, since the total costs for such projects exceed the overall remaining DEIC budget (even before any cuts). This

Tennants Textile Colours Ltd. v. Todd [5 July 1988].

PubMed

1989-01-01

The Northern Ireland court held that in judging equal pay for work of equal value claims, 1) the findings of fact of an independent expert's report can be challenged even after the report has been admitted as evidence; 2) the burden of proof is always on the applicant, even if an independent expert's report favors the applicant; and 3) a court can reject an independent expert's report even if the report has not been shown to be so plainly wrong as not to be accepted.

Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)

MedlinePlus

... be used even as a first-line therapy. Physiotherapy may improve muscle strength, function and mobility, and ... be used even as a first-line therapy. Physiotherapy may improve muscle strength, function and mobility, and ...

PDF-modulated visual inputs and cryptochrome define diurnal behavior in Drosophila.

PubMed

Cusumano, Paola; Klarsfeld, André; Chélot, Elisabeth; Picot, Marie; Richier, Benjamin; Rouyer, François

2009-11-01

Morning and evening circadian oscillators control the bimodal activity of Drosophila in light-dark cycles. The lateral neurons evening oscillator (LN-EO) is important for promoting diurnal activity at dusk. We found that the LN-EO autonomously synchronized to light-dark cycles through either the cryptochrome (CRY) that it expressed or the visual system. In conditions in which CRY was not activated, flies depleted for pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) or its receptor lost the evening activity and displayed reversed PER oscillations in the LN-EO. Rescue experiments indicated that normal PER cycling and the presence of evening activity relied on PDF secretion from the large ventral lateral neurons and PDF receptor function in the LN-EO. The LN-EO thus integrates light inputs and PDF signaling to control Drosophila diurnal behavior, revealing a new clock-independent function for PDF.

Attosecond control of orbital parity mix interferences and the relative phase of even and odd harmonics in an attosecond pulse train.

PubMed

Laurent, G; Cao, W; Li, H; Wang, Z; Ben-Itzhak, I; Cocke, C L

2012-08-24

We experimentally demonstrate that atomic orbital parity mix interferences can be temporally controlled on an attosecond time scale. Electron wave packets are formed by ionizing argon gas with a comb of odd and even high-order harmonics, in the presence of a weak infrared field. Consequently, a mix of energy-degenerate even and odd parity states is fed in the continuum by one- and two-photon transitions. These interfere, leading to an asymmetric electron emission along the polarization vector. The direction of the emission can be controlled by varying the time delay between the comb and infrared field pulses. We show that such asymmetric emission provides information on the relative phase of consecutive odd and even order harmonics in the attosecond pulse train.

Double binding energy differences: Mean-field or pairing effect?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qi, Chong

2012-10-01

In this Letter we present a systematic analysis on the average interaction between the last protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei, which can be extracted from the double differences of nuclear binding energies. The empirical average proton-neutron interaction Vpn thus derived from experimental data can be described in a very simple form as the interplay of the nuclear mean field and the pairing interaction. It is found that the smooth behavior as well as the local fluctuations of the Vpn in even-even nuclei with N ≠ Z are dominated by the contribution from the proton-neutron monopole interactions. A strong additional contribution from the isoscalar monopole interaction and isovector proton-neutron pairing interaction is seen in the Vpn for even-even N = Z nuclei and for the adjacent odd-A nuclei with one neutron or proton being subtracted.

The Vigilance Decrement in Executive Function Is Attenuated When Individual Chronotypes Perform at Their Optimal Time of Day

PubMed Central

Lara, Tania; Madrid, Juan Antonio; Correa, Ángel

2014-01-01

Time of day modulates our cognitive functions, especially those related to executive control, such as the ability to inhibit inappropriate responses. However, the impact of individual differences in time of day preferences (i.e. morning vs. evening chronotype) had not been considered by most studies. It was also unclear whether the vigilance decrement (impaired performance with time on task) depends on both time of day and chronotype. In this study, morning-type and evening-type participants performed a task measuring vigilance and response inhibition (the Sustained Attention to Response Task, SART) in morning and evening sessions. The results showed that the vigilance decrement in inhibitory performance was accentuated at non-optimal as compared to optimal times of day. In the morning-type group, inhibition performance decreased linearly with time on task only in the evening session, whereas in the morning session it remained more accurate and stable over time. In contrast, inhibition performance in the evening-type group showed a linear vigilance decrement in the morning session, whereas in the evening session the vigilance decrement was attenuated, following a quadratic trend. Our findings imply that the negative effects of time on task in executive control can be prevented by scheduling cognitive tasks at the optimal time of day according to specific circadian profiles of individuals. Therefore, time of day and chronotype influences should be considered in research and clinical studies as well as real-word situations demanding executive control for response inhibition. PMID:24586404

A global perspective of the richness and evenness of traditional crop-variety diversity maintained by farming communities

PubMed Central

Jarvis, Devra I.; Brown, Anthony H. D.; Cuong, Pham Hung; Collado-Panduro, Luis; Latournerie-Moreno, Luis; Gyawali, Sanjaya; Tanto, Tesema; Sawadogo, Mahamadou; Mar, Istvan; Sadiki, Mohammed; Hue, Nguyen Thi-Ngoc; Arias-Reyes, Luis; Balma, Didier; Bajracharya, Jwala; Castillo, Fernando; Rijal, Deepak; Belqadi, Loubna; Rana, Ram; Saidi, Seddik; Ouedraogo, Jeremy; Zangre, Roger; Rhrib, Keltoum; Chavez, Jose Luis; Schoen, Daniel; Sthapit, Bhuwon; De Santis, Paola; Fadda, Carlo; Hodgkin, Toby

2008-01-01

Varietal data from 27 crop species from five continents were drawn together to determine overall trends in crop varietal diversity on farm. Measurements of richness, evenness, and divergence showed that considerable crop genetic diversity continues to be maintained on farm, in the form of traditional crop varieties. Major staples had higher richness and evenness than nonstaples. Variety richness for clonal species was much higher than that of other breeding systems. A close linear relationship between traditional variety richness and evenness (both transformed), empirically derived from data spanning a wide range of crops and countries, was found both at household and community levels. Fitting a neutral “function” to traditional variety diversity relationships, comparable to a species abundance distribution of “neutral ecology,” provided a benchmark to assess the standing diversity on farm. In some cases, high dominance occurred, with much of the variety richness held at low frequencies. This suggested that diversity may be maintained as an insurance to meet future environmental changes or social and economic needs. In other cases, a more even frequency distribution of varieties was found, possibly implying that farmers are selecting varieties to service a diversity of current needs and purposes. Divergence estimates, measured as the proportion of community evenness displayed among farmers, underscore the importance of a large number of small farms adopting distinctly diverse varietal strategies as a major force that maintains crop genetic diversity on farm. PMID:18362337

No Additional Benefits of Block- Over Evenly-Distributed High-Intensity Interval Training within a Polarized Microcycle

PubMed Central

McGawley, Kerry; Juudas, Elisabeth; Kazior, Zuzanna; Ström, Kristoffer; Blomstrand, Eva; Hansson, Ola; Holmberg, Hans-Christer

2017-01-01

Introduction: The current study aimed to investigate the responses to block- versus evenly-distributed high-intensity interval training (HIT) within a polarized microcycle. Methods: Twenty well-trained junior cross-country skiers (10 males, age 17.6 ± 1.5 and 10 females, age 17.3 ± 1.5) completed two, 3-week periods of training (EVEN and BLOCK) in a randomized, crossover-design study. In EVEN, 3 HIT sessions (5 × 4-min of diagonal-stride roller-skiing) were completed at a maximal sustainable intensity each week while low-intensity training (LIT) was distributed evenly around the HIT. In BLOCK, the same 9 HIT sessions were completed in the second week while only LIT was completed in the first and third weeks. Heart rate (HR), session ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE), and perceived recovery (pREC) were recorded for all HIT and LIT sessions, while distance covered was recorded for each HIT interval. The recovery-stress questionnaire for athletes (RESTQ-Sport) was completed weekly. Before and after EVEN and BLOCK, resting saliva and muscle samples were collected and an incremental test and 600-m time-trial (TT) were completed. Results: Pre- to post-testing revealed no significant differences between EVEN and BLOCK for changes in resting salivary cortisol, testosterone, or IgA, or for changes in muscle capillary density, fiber area, fiber composition, enzyme activity (CS, HAD, and PFK) or the protein content of VEGF or PGC-1α. Neither were any differences observed in the changes in skiing economy, V˙O2max or 600-m time-trial performance between interventions. These findings were coupled with no significant differences between EVEN and BLOCK for distance covered during HIT, summated HR zone scores, total sRPE training load, overall pREC or overall recovery-stress state. However, 600-m TT performance improved from pre- to post-training, irrespective of intervention (P = 0.003), and a number of hormonal and muscle biopsy markers were also significantly altered post-training (P < 0.05). Discussion: The current study shows that well-trained junior cross-country skiers are able to complete 9 HIT sessions within 1 week without compromising total work done and without experiencing greater stress or reduced recovery over a 3-week polarized microcycle. However, the findings do not support block-distributed HIT as a superior method to a more even distribution of HIT in terms of enhancing physiological or performance adaptions. PMID:28659826

No Additional Benefits of Block- Over Evenly-Distributed High-Intensity Interval Training within a Polarized Microcycle.

PubMed

McGawley, Kerry; Juudas, Elisabeth; Kazior, Zuzanna; Ström, Kristoffer; Blomstrand, Eva; Hansson, Ola; Holmberg, Hans-Christer

2017-01-01

Introduction: The current study aimed to investigate the responses to block- versus evenly-distributed high-intensity interval training (HIT) within a polarized microcycle. Methods: Twenty well-trained junior cross-country skiers (10 males, age 17.6 ± 1.5 and 10 females, age 17.3 ± 1.5) completed two, 3-week periods of training (EVEN and BLOCK) in a randomized, crossover-design study. In EVEN, 3 HIT sessions (5 × 4-min of diagonal-stride roller-skiing) were completed at a maximal sustainable intensity each week while low-intensity training (LIT) was distributed evenly around the HIT. In BLOCK, the same 9 HIT sessions were completed in the second week while only LIT was completed in the first and third weeks. Heart rate (HR), session ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE), and perceived recovery (pREC) were recorded for all HIT and LIT sessions, while distance covered was recorded for each HIT interval. The recovery-stress questionnaire for athletes (RESTQ-Sport) was completed weekly. Before and after EVEN and BLOCK, resting saliva and muscle samples were collected and an incremental test and 600-m time-trial (TT) were completed. Results: Pre- to post-testing revealed no significant differences between EVEN and BLOCK for changes in resting salivary cortisol, testosterone, or IgA, or for changes in muscle capillary density, fiber area, fiber composition, enzyme activity (CS, HAD, and PFK) or the protein content of VEGF or PGC-1α. Neither were any differences observed in the changes in skiing economy, [Formula: see text] or 600-m time-trial performance between interventions. These findings were coupled with no significant differences between EVEN and BLOCK for distance covered during HIT, summated HR zone scores, total sRPE training load, overall pREC or overall recovery-stress state. However, 600-m TT performance improved from pre- to post-training, irrespective of intervention ( P = 0.003), and a number of hormonal and muscle biopsy markers were also significantly altered post-training ( P < 0.05). Discussion: The current study shows that well-trained junior cross-country skiers are able to complete 9 HIT sessions within 1 week without compromising total work done and without experiencing greater stress or reduced recovery over a 3-week polarized microcycle. However, the findings do not support block-distributed HIT as a superior method to a more even distribution of HIT in terms of enhancing physiological or performance adaptions.

Lee Fatigue and Energy Scales: Exploring aspects of validity in a sample of women with HIV using an application of a Rasch model

PubMed Central

Lerdal, Anners; Kottorp, Anders; Gay, Caryl L.; Lee, Kathryn A.

2012-01-01

This study examines the psychometric properties of the Lee Fatigue and Energy Scales (visual analog version) using a Rasch model application. The relationship between fatigue and energy is also described for a convenience sample of 102 women with HIV/AIDS who completed the Lee Fatigue and Energy Scales in the morning and evening. Both scales were assessed for internal scale validity, unidimensionality, and uniform differential item functioning in relation to morning and evening ratings. Analyses confirmed that both the Fatigue and Energy Scales demonstrated evidence of internal scale validity and unidimensionality. Mean fatigue measures were also higher in the evening than in the morning and mean energy measures were higher in the morning than in the evening (both p<0.001), indicating that time of day is an important consideration. Fatigue and energy measures were moderately correlated with each other in the morning but not in the evening. The concepts of energy and fatigue were inversely related, but not polar opposites in this sample. Fatigue and energy may therefore be distinct constructs that should not be used interchangeably, either in measurement or when interpreting outcomes for research or clinical purposes. PMID:22985544

Admission medical records made at night time have the same quality as day and evening time records.

PubMed

Amirian, Ilda; Mortensen, Jacob F; Rosenberg, Jacob; Gögenur, Ismail

2014-07-01

A thorough and accurate admission medical record is an important tool in ensuring patient safety during the hospital stay. Surgeons' performance might be affected during night shifts due to sleep deprivation. The aim of the study was to assess the quality of admission medical records during day, evening and night time. A total of 1,000 admission medical records were collected from 2009 to 2013 based equally on four diagnoses: mechanical bowel obstruction, appendicitis, gallstone disease and gastrointestinal bleeding. The records were reviewed for errors by a pre-defined checklist based on Danish standards for admission medical records. The time of dictation for the medical record was registered. A total of 1,183 errors were found in 778 admission medical records made during day- and evening time, and 322 errors in 222 admission medical records from night time shifts. No significant overall difference in error was found in the admission medical records when day and evening values were compared to night values. Subgroup analyses made for all four diagnoses showed no difference in day and evening values compared with night time values. Night time deterioration was not seen in the quality of the medical records.

Investigation of 14-15 MeV ( n, t) Reaction Cross-sections by Using New Evaluated Empirical and Semi-empirical Systematic Formulas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tel, E.; Aydın, A.; Kaplan, A.; Şarer, B.

2008-09-01

In the hybrid reactor, tritium self-sufficiency must be maintained for a commercial power plant. For self-sustaining (D-T) fusion driver tritium breeding ratio should be greater than 1.05. Working out the systematics of ( n, t) reaction cross-sections are of great importance for the definition of the excitation function character for the given reaction taking place on various nuclei at energies up to 20 MeV. In this study we have investigated asymmetry term effect for the ( n, t) reaction cross-sections at 14-15 neutron incident energy. It has been discussed the odd-even effect and the pairing effect considering binding energy systematic of the nuclear shell model for the new experimental data and new cross-sections formulas ( n, t) reactions developed by Tel et al. We have determined a different parameter groups by the classification of nuclei into even-even, even-odd and odd-even for ( n, t) reactions cross-sections. The obtained empirical and semi-empirical formulas by fitting two parameter for ( n, t) reactions were given. All calculated results have been compared with the experimental data and the other semi-empirical formulas.

Chronotype, class times, and academic achievement of university students.

PubMed

Enright, Tristan; Refinetti, Roberto

2017-01-01

Numerous studies over the years have documented an effect of human chronotypes on physiological and psychological processes. Studies evaluating the impact of an individual's chronotype on his/her academic achievement have indicated that morning chronotypes have an academic advantage over evening chronotypes. However, these studies did not account for the time of day in which the participants were being evaluated. The goal of the present study was to examine whether morning chronotypes do have an academic advantage over evening chronotypes when the time of day of classes and exams is taken into consideration. We obtained morningness-eveningness scores and course grades from 207 university students who took classes (and exams) at different times of the day. We confirmed that morning chronotypes attain better grades than evening chronotypes, although the association is weak (r 2 = 0.02). The difference persisted even after the time of day of classes and exams was taken into consideration. This is probably due to the fact that evening chronotypes are generally more sleep deprived than morning chronotypes as a result of the early schedule of most schools, which can impair their performance both early and late in the day.

Specific arrangements of species dominance can be more influential than evenness in maintaining ecosystem process and function

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wohlgemuth, Daniel; Solan, Martin; Godbold, Jasmin A.

2016-12-01

The ecological consequences of species loss are widely studied, but represent an end point of environmental forcing that is not always realised. Changes in species evenness and the rank order of dominant species are more widespread responses to directional forcing. However, despite the repercussions for ecosystem functioning such changes have received little attention. Here, we experimentally assess how the rearrangement of species dominance structure within specific levels of evenness, rather than changes in species richness and composition, affect invertebrate particle reworking and burrow ventilation behaviour - important moderators of microbial-mediated remineralisation processes in benthic environments - and associated levels of sediment nutrient release. We find that the most dominant species exert a disproportionate influence on functioning at low levels of evenness, but that changes in biomass distribution and a change in emphasis in species-environmental interactions become more important in governing system functionality as evenness increases. Our study highlights the need to consider the functional significance of alterations to community attributes, rather than to solely focus on the attainment of particular levels of diversity when safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystems that provide essential services to society.

EVEN MORE INCLUSIVE GENERAL VIEW OF THE GARDEN, AND THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

EVEN MORE INCLUSIVE GENERAL VIEW OF THE GARDEN, AND THE DISTANT HOUSE AND OUTBUILDINGS, FROM THE BOTANIC GARDEN'S SOUTHEAST SIDE - John Bartram House & Garden, 54th Street & Lindbergh Boulevard, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

When your baby or infant has a fever

MedlinePlus

... a child may even cause a rise in temperature. Regardless, you should report any fever in a ... normal. Most children will feel better when their temperature drops by even one degree. A lukewarm bath ...

CP Violation in Unpolarized e+e-→ Charginos at One-Loop Level

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Osland, P.; Vereshagin, A.

2007-08-01

We study CP violation in e+e-→χ˜i+χ˜j- in the framework of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Though the cross section of this process is CP-even at the tree level even for polarized electron-positron beams, we show that it contains a CP-odd part at one-loop order and there are CP-odd observables that can in principle be measured even using unpolarized electron-positron beams. The relevant diagram calculations are briefly discussed, and the results of selected (box) diagram computations are shown.

Body temperature rhythm and control of the time of the best physical condition by performing physical labor.

PubMed

Imafuku, Michio

2016-01-01

The initial examination of a male subject's body temperature revealed that it was highest during the evening. Based on this observation, I measured grasping power, calculation speed, performance time on a light sensory task and body temperature, all of which were highest or best during the evening. The time of this subject's best physical condition shifted from the evening to morning hours when the subject executed hard physical labor in the morning, and the shifted phase was maintained after the termination of the labor period.

A wetter, younger Mars emerging.

PubMed

Kerr, R A

2000-08-04

Most researchers have believed that the days were long gone when water splashed on the surface of Mars or even near it. Now continuing analyses of martian meteorites and stunning images from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), which has been in orbit since 1997, are breathing new life into the Red Planet. Last month's announcement that the camera aboard MGS had spied signs of geologically recent--possibly even ongoing--water seeps has caught everyone's attention. Other, perhaps more persuasive, signs also suggest that water may even now flow on or beneath the frigid surface.

Q, Break-even and the n{tau{sub E}} Diagram for Transient Fusion Plasmas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dale M. Meade

1998-04-01

Q, break-even and the Lawson diagram are well defined and understood for steady-state fusion plasma conditions. Since many fusion experiments are transient, it is necessary to clarify the definitions for instantaneous Q values and break-even so that the Lawson diagram can be interpreted for transient plasma conditions. This discussion shows that there are two mathematically correct methods to describe the Lawson diagram for a transient plasma: the Lawson/TFTR method and the JET/JT-60 method. These methods are discussed in detail in this paper.

Diversity and Similarity of Anesthesia Procedures in the United States During and Among Regular Work Hours, Evenings, and Weekends.

PubMed

Dexter, Franklin; Epstein, Richard H; Dutton, Richard P; Kordylewski, Hubert; Ledolter, Johannes; Rosenberg, Henry; Hindman, Bradley J

2016-12-01

Anesthesiologists providing care during off hours (ie, weekends or holidays, or cases started during the evening or late afternoon) are more likely to care for patients at greater risk of sustaining major adverse events than when they work during regular hours (eg, Monday through Friday, from 7:00 AM to 2:59 PM). We consider the logical inconsistency of using subspecialty teams during regular hours but not during weekends or evenings. We analyzed data from the Anesthesia Quality Institute's National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry (NACOR). Among the hospitals in the United States, we estimated the average number of common types of anesthesia procedures (ie, diversity measured as inverse of Herfindahl index), and the average difference in the number of common procedures between 2 off-hours periods (regular hours versus weekends, and regular hours versus evenings). We also used NACOR data to estimate the average similarity in the distributions of procedures between regular hours and weekends and between regular hours and evenings in US facilities. Results are reported as mean ± standard error of the mean among 399 facilities nationwide with weekend cases. The distributions of common procedures were moderately similar (ie, not large, <.8) between regular hours and evenings (similarity index .59 ± .01) and between regular hours and weekends (similarity index, .55 ± .02). For most facilities, the number of common procedures differed by <5 procedures between regular hours and evenings (74.4% of facilities, P < .0001) and between regular hours and weekends (64.7% of facilities, P < .0001). The average number of common procedures was 13.59 ± .12 for regular hours, 13.12 ± .13 for evenings, and 9.43 ± .13 for weekends. The pairwise differences by facility were .13 ± .07 procedures (P = .090) between regular hours and evenings and 3.37 ± .12 procedures (P < .0001) between regular hours and weekends. In contrast, the differences were -5.18 ± .12 and 7.59 ± .13, respectively, when calculated using nationally pooled data. This was because the numbers of common procedures were 32.23 ± .05, 37.41 ± .11, and 24.64 ± .12 for regular hours, evenings, and weekends, respectively (ie, >2x the number of common procedures calculated by facility). The numbers of procedures commonly performed at most facilities are fewer in number than those that are commonly performed nationally. Thus, decisions on anesthesia specialization should be based on quantitative analysis of local data rather than national recommendations using pooled data. By facility, the number of different procedures that take place during regular hours and off hours (diversity) is essentially the same, but there is only moderate similarity in the procedures performed. Thus, at many facilities, anesthesiologists who work principally within a single specialty during regular work hours will likely not have substantial contemporary experience with many procedures performed during off hours.

Time of day affects heart rate recovery and variability after maximal exercise in pre-hypertensive men.

PubMed

Brito, Leandro; Peçanha, Tiago; Tinucci, Taís; Silva-Junior, Natan; Costa, Luiz; Forjaz, Claudia

2015-01-01

Heart rate (HR) recovery (HRR) and variability (HRV) after exercise are non-invasive tools used to assess cardiac autonomic regulation and cardiovascular prognosis. Autonomic recovery is slower after evening than morning exercise in healthy individuals, but this influence is unknown in subjects with autonomic dysfunction, although it may affect prognostic evaluation. This study compared post-exercise HRR and HRV after maximal morning and evening exercise in pre-hypertensive men. Ten volunteers randomly underwent two maximal exercise tests conducted in the morning (8-10 a.m.) and evening (6-8 p.m.). HRR60s (HR reduction at 60 s of recovery - prognostic index), T30 (short-term time-constant of HRR - parasympathetic reactivation marker), rMSSD30s (square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent R-R intervals on subsequent 30 s segments - parasympathetic reactivation marker), and HRRτ (time constant of the first order exponential fitting of HRR - marker of sympathetic withdraw and parasympathetic reactivation) were measured. Paired t-test and two-way ANOVA were used. HRR60s and HRRτ were similar after exercise in the morning and evening (27 ± 7 vs. 29 ± 7 bpm, p = 0.111, and 79 ± 14 vs. 96 ± 29 s, p = 0.119, respectively). T30 was significantly greater after evening exercise (405 ± 215 vs. 295 ± 119 s, p = 0.002) and rMSSD30s was lower in the evening (main factor session, p = 0.009). In conclusion, in pre-hypertensive men, the prognostic index of HRR, HRR60s, is not affected by the time of day when exercise is conducted. However, post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation, evaluated by T30 and rMSSD30s, is blunted after evening exercise.

Circadian Macronutrients Variations over the First 7 Weeks of Human Milk Feeding of Preterm Infants.

PubMed

Moran-Lev, Hadar; Mimouni, Francis B; Ovental, Amit; Mangel, Laurence; Mandel, Dror; Lubetzky, Ronit

2015-09-01

Little is known about circadian variations of macronutrients content of expressed preterm human milk (HM). This study evaluated diurnal variations of macronutrients and energy content of preterm HM over the first 7 weeks of lactation and tested the hypothesis that values obtained during a morning sample are predictive of those obtained from an evening sample. Expressed HM was obtained from 32 mothers of preterm infants (26-33 weeks in gestational age), who routinely expressed all their milk every 3 hours from the beginning of the second to the seventh week after delivery. One aliquot was obtained from the first morning expression and the second from the evening expression. Energy and macronutrients contents were measured using an HM analyzer. Mean fat and energy contents of all samples obtained during the whole period were significantly higher in evening samples (p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences between morning and evening carbohydrates and protein contents. Concentrations of protein, carbohydrates, and fat from morning samples were predictive of evening concentrations to different extents (R(2) = 0.720, R(2) = 0.663, and R(2) = 0.20, respectively; p < 0.02). The predictability of evening values by morning values was not influenced by the week of lactation at sampling or by individual patients. In repeated-measures analysis of variance performed on 11 patients who completed the whole 7-week period, over time, there was a significant decrease in fat, energy, and protein contents, whereas carbohydrates content remained unchanged. Day-night differences remained significant only for fat content. Circadian variations in fat and energy concentrations of HM are consistent over the first 7 weeks of lactation. There are no consistent circadian variations in HM protein and carbohydrates. Over a given day, there are little variations in protein and carbohydrates content, but fat concentrations are more variable, and evening values are less well predicted by morning sample analysis than values for protein or carbohydrates.

Effects of indigestible carbohydrates in barley on glucose metabolism, appetite and voluntary food intake over 16 h in healthy adults.

PubMed

Johansson, Elin V; Nilsson, Anne C; Östman, Elin M; Björck, Inger M E

2013-04-11

Recent knowledge in animals suggests that gut microbial metabolism may affect host metabolism, including appetite regulating hormones. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential effects of a whole grain barley kernel product, rich in intrinsic indigestible carbohydrates (dietary fibre and resistant starch), on markers of metabolism and appetite regulation in healthy subjects. Boiled barley kernels (BK) or white wheat bread (WWB; reference) were provided as late evening meals to 19 young adults in random order using a cross-over design. During subsequent ad libitum standardized breakfast and lunch meals (10.5-16 h), blood was collected for analysis of glucose, plasma insulin, adiponectin, ghrelin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), serum free fatty acids (FFA) and interleukin (IL)-6. In addition, appetite sensations, voluntary energy intake and breath H2 were determined. BK as evening meal increased plasma GLP-1 at fasting (P < 0.05) and during the experimental day (P < 0.01) compared with WWB. In addition the BK evening meal decreased fasting serum FFA (P < 0.05) and tended to decrease fasting serum IL-6 (P = 0.06). At lunch, preceded by BK evening meal, voluntary energy intake was decreased (P < 0.05) when compared to WWB evening meal. The BK evening meal decreased incremental blood glucose area (P < 0.01), promoted higher breath H2 (P < 0.001), maintained adiponectin concentrations (P < 0.05) and reduced perceived hunger (P < 0.05) during 10.5-16 h after the meal. The results indicate that the BK evening meal, facilitate glucose regulation, increase the release of GLP-1, reduce subsequent energy intake while at the same time decreasing hunger over 2 subsequent meals, and reduce fasting FFA the subsequent morning, possibly mediated through gut microbial fermentation of the indigestible carbohydrates.

Morning and Evening Home Blood Pressure and Risks of Incident Stroke and Coronary Artery Disease in the Japanese General Practice Population: The Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure Study.

PubMed

Hoshide, Satoshi; Yano, Yuichiro; Haimoto, Hajime; Yamagiwa, Kayo; Uchiba, Kiyoshi; Nagasaka, Shoichiro; Matsui, Yoshio; Nakamura, Akira; Fukutomi, Motoki; Eguchi, Kazuo; Ishikawa, Joji; Kario, Kazuomi

2016-07-01

Our aim is to determine the optimal time schedule for home blood pressure (BP) monitoring that best predicts stroke and coronary artery disease in general practice. The Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure (J-HOP) study is a nationwide practice-based study that included 4310 Japanese with a history of or risk factors for cardiovascular disease, or both (mean age, 65 years; 79% used antihypertensive medication). Home BP measures were taken twice daily (morning and evening) over 14 days at baseline. During a mean follow-up of 4 years (16 929 person-years), 74 stroke and 77 coronary artery disease events occurred. Morning systolic BP (SBP) improved the discrimination of incident stroke (C statistics, 0.802; 95% confidence interval, 0.692-0.911) beyond traditional risk factors including office SBP (0.756; 0.646-0.866), whereas the changes were smaller with evening SBP (0.764; 0.653-0.874). The addition of evening SBP to the model (including traditional risk factors plus morning SBP) significantly reduced the discrimination of incident stroke (C statistics difference, -0.008; 95% confidence interval: -0.015 to -0.008; P=0.03). The category-free net reclassification improvement (0.3606; 95% confidence interval, 0.1317-0.5896), absolute integrated discrimination improvement (0.015; SE, 0.005), and relative integrated discrimination improvement (58.3%; all P<0.01) with the addition of morning SBP to the model (including traditional risk factors) were greater than those with evening SBP and with combined morning and evening SBP. Neither morning nor evening SBP improved coronary artery disease risk prediction. Morning home SBP itself should be evaluated to ensure best stroke prediction in clinical practice, at least in Japan. This should be confirmed in the different ethnic groups. URL: http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/. Unique identifier: UMIN000000894. © 2016 American Heart Association, Inc.

Effects of morning vs evening statin administration on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Awad, Kamal; Serban, Maria-Corina; Penson, Peter; Mikhailidis, Dimitri P; Toth, Peter P; Jones, Steven R; Rizzo, Manfredi; Howard, George; Lip, Gregory Y H; Banach, Maciej

Evidence about the optimal time of day at which to administer statins is lacking. The objective of this study is to synthesize evidence about effects of morning vs evening statin administration on lipid profile. We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Embase databases (from inception up to July 24, 2016) to identify the relevant studies. Mean differences (MDs) between the change scores in lipid parameters were pooled using a fixed-effect model. Eleven articles with 1034 participants were eligible for the analysis. The pooled analysis comparing effects of morning vs evening administration of statins on plasma total cholesterol (TC; P = .10), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = .90), and triglycerides (P = .45) was not statistically significant. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering was statistically greater in the evening-dose group (MD: 3.24 mg/dL, 95% CI: 1.23-5.25, P = .002). Subgroup analysis according to statin half-lives showed that evening dose of statins was significantly superior to morning dose for lowering LDL-C in case of both short and long half-life statins (MD: 9.68 mg/dL, 95% CI: 3.32-16.03, P = .003 and MD: 2.53 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.41-4.64, P = .02, respectively) and also for TC reduction in case of short half-life statins only (P = .0005). LDL-C and TC lowering was significantly greater in the evening dose than in the morning dose in case of short-acting statins. Besides slight but significant effect on LDL-C, the efficacy of long-acting statins was equivalent for both regimens. Therefore, long-acting statins should be given at a time that will best aid compliance. Short-acting statins should be given in the evening. Copyright © 2017 National Lipid Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Evening/Morning Star.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Riddle, Bob

1997-01-01

Explains how Venus changes visibility regularly from morning to evening because of its quick orbit time during part of the year. Includes a brief history of observations of this phenomenon and provides a detailed account from the Australian Aborigines. (DDR)

Break-even Analysis: A Practical Tool for Administrators of Continuing Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Noel, James

1982-01-01

Explains how break-even analysis can help the continuing education administrator in planning by clarifying the relationship between costs, volume, and surplus revenues. Also explains the concepts of fixed, variable, and semivariable costs. (CT)

Switchable genetic oscillator operating in quasi-stable mode

PubMed Central

Strelkowa, Natalja; Barahona, Mauricio

2010-01-01

Ring topologies of repressing genes have qualitatively different long-term dynamics if the number of genes is odd (they oscillate) or even (they exhibit bistability). However, these attractors may not fully explain the observed behaviour in transient and stochastic environments such as the cell. We show here that even repressilators possess quasi-stable, travelling wave periodic solutions that are reachable, long-lived and robust to parameter changes. These solutions underlie the sustained oscillations observed in even rings in the stochastic regime, even if these circuits are expected to behave as switches. The existence of such solutions can also be exploited for control purposes: operation of the system around the quasi-stable orbit allows us to turn on and off the oscillations reliably and on demand. We illustrate these ideas with a simple protocol based on optical interference that can induce oscillations robustly both in the stochastic and deterministic regimes. PMID:20097721

Geogrid reinforced road subgrade influence on the pavement evenness

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Šiukščius, A.; Vorobjovas, V.; Vaitkus, A.

2018-05-01

As a result of increasing geogrid reinforcement applications in the road subgrade, there are number of projects where geogrid reinforcement is used to control road pavement evenness when there are small layers of peat or mud deeper under road construction. For this task geogrid reinforcement application is not documented but widely used in Lithuania for over a decade. This paper evaluates the long term influence of the geogrid reinforced soil influence on the road surface evenness, when the organic soils stratify in the deeper layers of the subgrade. The geological conditions of the investigated sections are reviewed. The experiment methodology and test results are described, which leads to the conclusions and insights how the pavement evenness depend on the geological conditions and its enhancement. The question is raised about the need for including this geogrid application to the normative documentation. Explanation of the problems that are encountered and the need for further research is given.

Assessing avian richness in remnant wetlands: Towards an improved methodology

USGS Publications Warehouse

Krzys, Greg; Waite, Thomas A.; Stapanian, Martin; Vucetich, John A.

2002-01-01

Because the North American Breeding Bird Survey provides inadequate coverage of wetland habitat, the Wetland Breeding Bird Survey was recently established in Ohio, USA. This program relies on volunteers to conduct 3 counts at each monitored wetland. Currently, all counts are conducted during the morning. Under the premise that volunteer participation could be increased by allowing evening counts, we evaluated the potential for modifying the methodology. We evaluated the sampling efficiency of all 3-count combinations of morning and evening counts using data collected at 14 wetlands. Estimates of overall species richness decreased with increasing numbers of evening counts. However, this pattern did not hold when analyses were restricted to wetland-dependent species or those of conservation concern. Our findings suggest that it would be reasonable to permit evening counts, particularly if the data are to be used to monitor wetland dependent species and those of concern.

Segregation process and phase transition in cyclic predator-prey models with an even number of species.

PubMed

Szabó, György; Szolnoki, Attila; Sznaider, Gustavo Ariel

2007-11-01

We study a spatial cyclic predator-prey model with an even number of species (for n=4, 6, and 8) that allows the formation of two defensive alliances consisting of the even and odd label species. The species are distributed on the sites of a square lattice. The evolution of spatial distribution is governed by iteration of two elementary processes on neighboring sites chosen randomly: if the sites are occupied by a predator-prey pair then the predator invades the prey's site; otherwise the species exchange their sites with a probability X . For low X values, a self-organizing pattern is maintained by cyclic invasions. If X exceeds a threshold value, then two types of domain grow up that are formed by the odd and even label species, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations indicate the blocking of this segregation process within a range of X for n=8.

The impact of various work schedules on sleep complaints and minor accidents during work or leisure time: evidence from a national survey.

PubMed

Chiu, Hsiao-Yean; Tsai, Pei-Shan

2013-03-01

To explore the prevalence of insomnia symptoms and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in different work schedules and the impact of shift schedules on the risk of minor accidents during work or leisure time. Using the data from Taiwan Social Development Trend Survey in 2005 (n = 18,794), insomnia symptoms, EDS, and minor accidents were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression model. The evening-to-night group had significantly higher prevalence rates of insomnia symptoms. Higher prevalence rate of EDS was presented in both day-to-evening and evening-to-night groups. Adjusting for confounders, the day-to-evening shift had a higher odds ratio of minor accidents as compared with the fixed daytime workers. Extended-shift workers tend to experience insomnia symptoms and EDS and have an increased likelihood of minor accidents.

B (e 2 ;21+→01+) value in 90Kr

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Régis, J.-M.; Jolie, J.; Saed-Samii, N.; Warr, N.; Pfeiffer, M.; Blanc, A.; Jentschel, M.; Köster, U.; Mutti, P.; Soldner, T.; Simpson, G. S.; Drouet, F.; Vancraeyenest, A.; de France, G.; Clément, E.; Stezowski, O.; Ur, C. A.; Urban, W.; Regan, P. H.; Podolyák, Zs.; Larijani, C.; Townsley, C.; Carroll, R.; Wilson, E.; Fraile, L. M.; Mach, H.; Paziy, V.; Olaizola, B.; Vedia, V.; Bruce, A. M.; Roberts, O. J.; Smith, J. F.; Kröll, T.; Hartig, A.-L.; Ignatov, A.; Ilieva, S.; Thürauf, M.; Lalkovski, S.; Ivanova, D.; Kisyov, S.; Korten, W.; Salsac, M.-D.; Zielińska, M.; Mǎrginean, N.; Ghitǎ, D. G.; Licǎ, R.; Petrache, C. M.; Astier, A.; Leguillon, R.

2014-12-01

A smooth onset of collectivity in 88 ,92 ,94 ,96Kr has been determined from reported B (E 2 ;21+→01+) and E (21+) values. This is in contrast to the sudden onset in even-even Zr, Mo, and Sr isotopes. Our objective was to complete the systematics by determining the B (E 2 ;21+→01+) value in 90Kr, which was produced by cold-neutron-induced fission of 235U . The lifetime of the 21+ state in 90Kr was measured via the electronic γ -γ timing technique using the EXILL and FATIMA spectrometers. Based on the measured mean lifetime of τ = 15(10) ps, the B (E 2 ;21+→01+) value of 13 -5+26 W.u. in 90Kr is determined for the first time and the smooth onset of deformation in the even-even Kr isotopes beyond neutron number N =50 is confirmed.

Late-seasonal activity and diet of the evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis) in Nebraska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Geluso, Keith; Damm, J.P.; Valdez, E.W.

2008-01-01

In North America, Nebraska represents part of the northwestern edge of the distribution for the evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis). To date, little information on this bat's natural history has been published from the state or from other parts of the Great Plains. Here we report on aspects of its natural history in Nebraska from 2 localities. In late summer and early autumn of 2006, we documented individuals farther west in Nebraska (Harlan County) than previously reported and determined that individuals fed mainly on Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. In 2006, evening bats appeared to migrate from Nebraska during late September-early October, and individuals were extremely fat, about 15 g, prior to migration. Evening bats likely are more widespread and common in south central Nebraska than previously documented. On 6 October 2005, we reported on an individual from eastern Nebraska (Douglas County), which represents the latest seasonal record of N. humeralis from the state.

[The Psychotherapeutic Evening Clinic: Concept and First Results].

PubMed

Dinger, Ulrike; Komo-Lang, Miriam; Schauenburg, Henning; Herzog, Wolfgang; Nikendei, Christoph

2018-05-30

This article reports about a new treatment setting, the Psychotherapeutic Evening Clinic at the University Hospital Heidelberg. The treatment intensity is ranked between intensive, full-day inpatient and day-clinic programs in hospitals and less frequent outpatient psychotherapy according to the Germany Psychotherapy Guideline. Patients attend the Evening Clinic on 3 evenings per week for 3 hours each. During this time, they receive group therapy, individual therapy, mindfulness exercises and psychotherapeutic ward rounds. The first experiences with the new setting are positive, a specific advantage is the possibility to include daily hassles and everyday stressors as well as patients' strengths and resources into the treatment. Therapeutic challenges are the potential of overburdening patients with an already high impairment. On the structural and political level it will be important to ensure funding for the new treatment setting. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Fine- and hyperfine structure investigations of the even-parity configuration system of the atomic holmium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stefanska, D.; Ruczkowski, J.; Elantkowska, M.; Furmann, B.

2018-04-01

In this work new experimental results concerning the hyperfine structure (hfs) for the even-parity level system of the holmium atom (Ho I) were obtained; additionally, hfs data obtained recently as a by-product in investigations of the odd-parity level system were summarized. In the present work the values of the magnetic dipole and the electric quadrupole hfs constants A and B were determined for 24 even-parity levels, for 14 of them for the first time. On the basis of these results, as well as on available literature data, a parametric study of the fine structure and the hyperfine structure for the even-parity configurations of atomic holmium was performed. A multi-configuration fit of 7 configurations was carried out, taking into account second-order of the perturbation theory. For unknown electronic levels predicted values of the level energies and hfs constants are given, which can facilitate further experimental investigations.

Physics of the N=Z and N=Z+1 Nuclei in the A = 80--100 Region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bucurescu, D.

2007-04-01

A review of the experimental work performed at the GASP array with the purpose of the identification and first spectroscopic measurements of the heaviest even-even N=Z and odd-A N=Z+1 nuclei (mass larger than 80) is made. Systematic experiments in this mass region led to the first study of seven such nuclei: 88Ru, 81Zr, 85Mo, 89Ru, 91Rh, 93Pd, and 95Ag, and extensive data on many other nuclei in their neighborhood. The systematic evolution of the level structures in both even-even and odd-A nuclei, between N approx Z approx 40 and N approx Z approx 47 is briefly presented. The possibility that effects of the neutron-proton pairing have been observed, as well as the type of collectivity observed in this region are discussed.

When Mothers' Work Matters for Youths' Daily Time Use: Implications of Evening and Weekend Shifts.

PubMed

Lee, Soomi; Davis, Kelly D; McHale, Susan M; Kelly, Erin L; Kossek, Ellen Ernst; Crouter, Ann C

2017-08-01

Drawing upon the work-home resources model, this study examined the implications of mothers' evening and weekend shifts for youths' time with mother, alone, and hanging out with peers unsupervised, with attention to both the amount and day-to-day consistency of time use. Data came from 173 mothers who worked in the long-term care industry and their youths who provided daily diaries. Multilevel modeling revealed that youths whose mothers worked more evening shifts on average spent less time with their mothers compared to youths whose mothers worked fewer evening shifts. Youths whose mothers worked more weekend shifts, however, spent more time with their mothers and exhibited less consistency in their time in all three activity domains compared to youths whose mothers worked fewer weekend shifts. Girls, not boys, spent less time alone on days when mothers worked weekend shifts than on days with standard shifts. Older but not younger adolescents spent more time hanging out with friends on evening and weekend shift days, and their unsupervised peer time was less consistent across days when mothers worked more evening shifts. These effects adjusted for sociodemographic and day characteristics, including school day, number of children in the household, mothers' marital status and work hours, and time with fathers. Our results illuminate the importance of the timing and day of mothers' work for youths' daily activities. Future interventions should consider how to increase mothers' resources to deal with constraints on parenting due to their work during nonstandard hours, with attention to child gender and age.

To nap or not to nap: excessive daytime napping is associated with elevated evening cortisol in nursing home residents with dementia.

PubMed

Woods, Diana Lynn; Kim, Haesook; Yefimova, Maria

2013-04-01

Alterations in the sleep-wake cycle, including daytime napping, are consistently reported in persons with dementia (PWD). A dysregulation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, indexed by elevated evening cortisol, may offer one explanation for these alterations. Alternatively, excessive daytime sleeping may alter cortisol rhythm and increase intraindividual variability, potentially contributing to increased environmental reactivity and behavioral symptoms. The purpose of this substudy (N = 12) was to examine the association between daytime napping and basal cortisol diurnal rhythm in nursing home residents with dementia. In this within-individual longitudinal design, saliva samples were obtained daily for 5 consecutive days upon waking and 30-45 min, 6 hr, and 12 hr after waking to obtain a cortisol diurnal rhythm. Behavior and sleep-wake state (nap/no nap) were observed and recorded every 20 min for 12 hr per day for 5 days. Participants were categorized as high nappers (HNs) or low nappers (LNs). There was a significant difference in evening cortisol levels (t = -2.38, p = .032) and continence (t = 3.37, p = .007) between groups, with HNs exhibiting higher evening cortisol levels. There were no other significant differences in resident characteristics between the two groups. These data suggest a link between excessive daytime napping and elevated evening cortisol in PWD consistent with findings in children. Elevated evening cortisol is an indication of a dysregulation in the HPA axis. These preliminary data support a close association between the sleep-wake cycle and HPA-axis regulation in PWD.

The Impact of Shift Work on Brazilian Train Drivers with Different Chronotypes: A Comparative Analysis through Objective and Subjective Criteria

PubMed Central

de Araújo Fernandes Jr., Silvio; Stetner Antonietti, Leandro; Saba, Amanda; Paulino de Faria, Alexandre; Maculano Esteves, Andrea; Tufik, Sergio; Túlio de Mello, Marco

2013-01-01

Objective The aim of this study was to compare sleep pattern, tiredness sensation and quality of life between different chronotypes in train drivers from a Brazilian transportation company. Subjects and Methods Ninety-one train drivers, working a rotary work schedule including night shift, were divided into three groups according to their chronotype (morning types, intermediate or evening types) and were assessed for their sleep and quality of life, as characterized by a subjective questionnaire and the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), applied before and immediately after the night shift. The pattern of activity and rest was measured for 10 days by actigraphy, and the chronotype was determined through the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Results Forty-one (45.1s%) individuals were classified as morning type, 44 (48.4s%) were classified as intermediate and 6 (6.6s%) as evening type. The evening types had a tendency to remain awake for a longer period of time before the night shift (p = 0.05) and scored worse overall for quality of life compared to morning types (p = 0.11). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding variability in the PVT performance, even when covaried by the period of waking time before the test. There was no significant difference either in feelings of fatigue before and after starting the shift. Conclusion Although the evening type number was small, evening type individuals scored worse relative to sleep and quality of life than morning type individuals. PMID:23328130

Subjective versus objective evening chronotypes in bipolar disorder.

PubMed

Gershon, Anda; Kaufmann, Christopher N; Depp, Colin A; Miller, Shefali; Do, Dennis; Zeitzer, Jamie M; Ketter, Terence A

2018-01-01

Disturbed sleep timing is common in bipolar disorder (BD). However, most research is based upon self-reports. We examined relationships between subjective versus objective assessments of sleep timing in BD patients versus controls. We studied 61 individuals with bipolar I or II disorder and 61 healthy controls. Structured clinical interviews assessed psychiatric diagnoses, and clinician-administered scales assessed current mood symptom severity. For subjective chronotype, we used the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) questionnaire, using original and modified (1, ¾, ⅔, and ½ SD below mean CSM score) thresholds to define evening chronotype. Objective chronotype was calculated as the percentage of nights (50%, 66.7%, 75%, or 90% of all nights) with sleep interval midpoints at or before (non-evening chronotype) vs. after (evening chronotype) 04:15:00 (4:15:00a.m.), based on 25-50 days of continuous actigraph data. BD participants and controls differed significantly with respect to CSM mean scores and CSM evening chronotypes using modified, but not original, thresholds. Groups also differed significantly with respect to chronotype based on sleep interval midpoint means, and based on the threshold of 75% of sleep intervals with midpoints after 04:15:00. Subjective and objective chronotypes correlated significantly with one another. Twenty-one consecutive intervals were needed to yield an evening chronotype classification match of ≥ 95% with that made using the 75% of sleep intervals threshold. Limited sample size/generalizability. Subjective and objective chronotype measurements were correlated with one another in participants with BD. Using population-specific thresholds, participants with BD had a later chronotype than controls. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Circadian preference modulates the neural substrate of conflict processing across the day.

PubMed

Schmidt, Christina; Peigneux, Philippe; Leclercq, Yves; Sterpenich, Virginie; Vandewalle, Gilles; Phillips, Christophe; Berthomier, Pierre; Berthomier, Christian; Tinguely, Gilberte; Gais, Steffen; Schabus, Manuel; Desseilles, Martin; Dang-Vu, Thanh; Salmon, Eric; Degueldre, Christian; Balteau, Evelyne; Luxen, André; Cajochen, Christian; Maquet, Pierre; Collette, Fabienne

2012-01-01

Human morning and evening chronotypes differ in their preferred timing for sleep and wakefulness, as well as in optimal daytime periods to cope with cognitive challenges. Recent evidence suggests that these preferences are not a simple by-product of socio-professional timing constraints, but can be driven by inter-individual differences in the expression of circadian and homeostatic sleep-wake promoting signals. Chronotypes thus constitute a unique tool to access the interplay between those processes under normally entrained day-night conditions, and to investigate how they impinge onto higher cognitive control processes. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we assessed the influence of chronotype and time-of-day on conflict processing-related cerebral activity throughout a normal waking day. Sixteen morning and 15 evening types were recorded at two individually adapted time points (1.5 versus 10.5 hours spent awake) while performing the Stroop paradigm. Results show that interference-related hemodynamic responses are maintained or even increased in evening types from the subjective morning to the subjective evening in a set of brain areas playing a pivotal role in successful inhibitory functioning, whereas they decreased in morning types under the same conditions. Furthermore, during the evening hours, activity in a posterior hypothalamic region putatively involved in sleep-wake regulation correlated in a chronotype-specific manner with slow wave activity at the beginning of the night, an index of accumulated homeostatic sleep pressure. These results shed light into the cerebral mechanisms underlying inter-individual differences of higher-order cognitive state maintenance under normally entrained day-night conditions.

26. Evening view of concrete mixing plant, concrete placement tower, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

26. Evening view of concrete mixing plant, concrete placement tower, cableway tower, power line and derrick. Photographer unknown, 1927. Source: MWD. - Waddell Dam, On Agua Fria River, 35 miles northwest of Phoenix, Phoenix, Maricopa County, AZ

Improved Zirconia Oxygen-Separation Cell

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walsh, John V.; Zwissler, James G.

1988-01-01

Cell structure distributes feed gas more evenly for more efficent oxygen production. Multilayer cell structure containing passages, channels, tubes, and pores help distribute pressure evenly over zirconia electrolytic membrane. Resulting more uniform pressure distribution expected to improve efficiency of oxygen production.

What's a Bruise?

MedlinePlus

... a couple of days, the bruise will look blue or even blackish . After 5 to 10 days, it may look greenish or even yellow . After 10 to 14 days, the bruise will most likely be a light brown , then get lighter and lighter as it ...

29 CFR 785.21 - Less than 24-hour duty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... be on duty for less than 24 hours is working even though he is permitted to sleep or engage in other... specified hours is working even though she is permitted to sleep when not busy answering calls. It makes no...

29 CFR 785.21 - Less than 24-hour duty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... be on duty for less than 24 hours is working even though he is permitted to sleep or engage in other... specified hours is working even though she is permitted to sleep when not busy answering calls. It makes no...

29 CFR 785.21 - Less than 24-hour duty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... be on duty for less than 24 hours is working even though he is permitted to sleep or engage in other... specified hours is working even though she is permitted to sleep when not busy answering calls. It makes no...

29 CFR 785.21 - Less than 24-hour duty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... be on duty for less than 24 hours is working even though he is permitted to sleep or engage in other... specified hours is working even though she is permitted to sleep when not busy answering calls. It makes no...

29 CFR 785.21 - Less than 24-hour duty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... be on duty for less than 24 hours is working even though he is permitted to sleep or engage in other... specified hours is working even though she is permitted to sleep when not busy answering calls. It makes no...

Sending Large Files without Mucking up the Works

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldborough, Reid

2005-01-01

E-mail has never been a foolproof way of sending information, and lately it has gotten even hairier, with well-meaning but overzealous anti-spam filters often blocking even legitimate messages. This document discusses different options available for sending files.

Quasi-phase-matching of only even-order high harmonics.

PubMed

Diskin, Tzvi; Cohen, Oren

2014-03-24

High harmonic spectrum of a quasi-monochromatic pump that interacts with isotropic media consists of only odd-order harmonics. Addition of a secondary pump, e.g. a static field or the second harmonic of the primary pump, can results with generation of both odd and even harmonics of the primary pump. We propose a method for quasi-phase matching of only the even-order harmonics of the primary pump. We formulate a theory for this process and demonstrate it numerically. We also show that it leads to attosecond pulse trains with constant carrier envelop phase and high repetition rate.

A Boon for the Diabetic

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1987-01-01

Diabetics are no longer concerned with scheduling activities around peaking insulin levels since the use of an external pump from Pacesetter Systems, Inc. used to deliver insulin continuously at a preprogrammed individually adjusted rate. The pump wearer can lead a more normal existence, even participate in sports or travel, and there is an even greater benefit. Research indicates that infusion of "short acting" insulin in tiny amounts over a long period - instead of "long- acting" insulin has helped many diabetics achieve better control of blood sugar levels, thereby minimizing the possibility of complications and, in some cases, even halting the progression of complications.

Deprescribing: a new goal focused on the patient.

PubMed

Machado-Alba, Jorge Enrique; Gaviria-Mendoza, Andrés; Machado-Duque, Manuel Enrique; Chica, Laura

2017-02-01

It is estimated that one-fifth of adult patients are treated with polypharmacy (five or more drugs) and the prevalence of this phenomenon in the elderly is even higher, ranging from 30% to 70%, even reaching 90% in residents of residential aged care facilities. Polypharmacy in the elderly increases the risk of adverse reactions, inappropriate prescriptions, drug interactions, number of hospitalizations, costs, and even death. In a recent systematic review, the authors proposed defining deprescribing as 'the process of withdrawal of inappropriate medication supervised by a health care professional with the goal of managing polypharmacy and improving outcomes'.

Scientific Goals and Opto-Mechanical Challenges of the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mather, John C.; Lawrence, Jon F.; Oegerle, William (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

The Next Generation Space Telescope will push the boundaries of astronomy far beyond anything, possible with an Earth-bound observatory, or even with the Hubble Space Telescope. I will outline the scientific objectives of the NGST and show how they fit into the NASA strategic plan for space astronomy. The NGST will not be the end of the line, and adaptive and active structures will enable even more powerful space observatories, capable of seeing even closer to the dawn of time, and of measuring the light from planets around other stars.

The reduced transition probabilities for excited states of rare-earths and actinide even-even nuclei

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ghumman, S. S.

The theoretical B(E2) ratios have been calculated on DF, DR and Krutov models. A simple method based on the work of Arima and Iachello is used to calculate the reduced transition probabilities within SU(3) limit of IBA-I framework. The reduced E2 transition probabilities from second excited states of rare-earths and actinide even–even nuclei calculated from experimental energies and intensities from recent data, have been found to compare better with those calculated on the Krutov model and the SU(3) limit of IBA than the DR and DF models.

[Study on the encapsulation technique of high purity gamma-linolenic acid, part 1--saponification reaction and saponification value].

PubMed

Liu, Feng-xia; Xue, Gang; Gao, Qiu-hua; Gao, Wei-xia; Zhang, Li-hua

2005-03-01

To measure the saponification value and fatty acid formation of evening primrose oil, to study the effects of pH value on production yield and fatty acid formation during the saponification reaction, and to provide rationales for the selection of raw material, the enhancement of production yield of saponification, and the encapsulation of gamma-linolenic acid with urea. To measure fatty acid's formation with gas chromatographic method and to measure the saponification value. The content of gamma-linolenic acid is 7%-10% in evening primrose oil. The content of gamma-linolenic acid is inversely correlated with that of unsaturated fatty acid. The saponification value, the amount of KOH for saponification of evening primrose oil, and the pH value for subsequent isolations of oils are determined. From the measurement of fatty acids of evening primrose oil in two different cultivation locations, the content of gamma-linolenic acid is determined to be 7%-10%, unsaturated oils account for 90%. The saponification value of evening primrose oil is between 180-200, pH value of isolated oil is 1.5-2.0 after saponification reaction. Fatty acids mainly include palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolic acid and gamma-linolenic acid.

Economic decision-making in morning/evening-type people as a function of time of day.

PubMed

Correa, Angel; Ruiz-Herrera, Noelia; Ruz, Maria; Tonetti, Lorenzo; Martoni, Monica; Fabbri, Marco; Natale, Vincenzo

2017-01-01

Decision-making is affected by psychological factors like emotional state or cognitive control, which may also vary with circadian rhythmicity. Here, we tested the influence of chronotype (32 morning-type versus 32 evening-type) and time of day (9 a.m. versus 5 p.m.) on interpersonal decision-making as measured by the Ultimatum Game. Participants had to accept or reject different economic offers proposed by a virtual participant. Acceptance involved distribution of gains as proposed, whereas rejection resulted in no gain for either player. The results of the game showed a deviation from rational performance, as participants usually rejected the unfair offers. This behaviour was similar for both chronotype groups, and in both times of day. This result may reflect the robustness of decision-making strategies across standard circadian phases under ecological conditions. Furthermore, morning-types invested more time than evening-types to respond to high-uncertainty offers. This more cautious decision-making style of morning-types fits with our finding of higher proactive control as compared to evening-types when performing the AX-Continuous Performance Task. In line with the literature on personality traits, our results suggest that morning-types behave with more conscientiousness and less risk-taking than evening-type individuals.

BCAA-enriched snack improves nutritional state of cirrhosis.

PubMed

Nakaya, Yutaka; Okita, Kiwamu; Suzuki, Kazuyuki; Moriwaki, Hisataka; Kato, Akinobu; Miwa, Yoshiyuki; Shiraishi, Koichi; Okuda, Hiroaki; Onji, Morikazu; Kanazawa, Hidenori; Tsubouchi, Hirohito; Kato, Shinzo; Kaito, Masahiko; Watanabe, Akiharu; Habu, Daiki; Ito, Susumu; Ishikawa, Tomohisa; Kawamura, Naohiro; Arakawa, Yasuyuki

2007-02-01

A late evening snack improves the catabolic state in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. We tested whether long-term (3 mo) late evening snacking that included a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-enriched nutrient mixture produces a better nutritional state and better quality of life than ordinary food in patients with hepatitis C virus-positive liver cirrhosis. In a multicenter, randomized study, 48 patients with liver cirrhosis received late-evening supplementation with the BCAA-enriched nutrient mixture or ordinary food, such as a rice ball or bread, for 3 mo. During the study period, each patient was instructed on energy and protein intake. Blood biochemical data, nitrogen balance, respiratory quotient, and health-related quality of life (Short Form 36 questionnaire) were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the study. Total and late-evening energy intakes were similar in the two groups at 3 mo. Serum albumin level, nitrogen balance, and respiratory quotient were significantly improved by the BCAA mixture but not by ordinary food. The parameters of the Short Form 36 did not statistically significantly improve over 3 mo in either group. Long-term oral supplementation with a BCAA mixture is better than ordinary food in a late evening snack at improving the serum albumin level and the energy metabolism in patients with cirrhosis.

Morning versus evening induction of labour for improving outcomes.

PubMed

Bakker, Jannet J H; van der Goes, Birgit Y; Pel, Maria; Mol, Ben Willem J; van der Post, Joris A M

2013-02-28

Induction of labour is a common intervention in obstetric practice. Traditionally, in most hospitals induction of labour with medication starts early in the morning, with the start of the working day for the day shift. In human and animal studies spontaneous onset of labour is proven to have a circadian rhythm with a preference for start of labour in the evening. Moreover, when spontaneous labour starts in the evening, the total duration of labour and delivery shortens and fewer obstetric interventions are needed. Based on these observations one might assume that starting induction of labour in the evening, in harmony with the circadian rhythm of natural birth, is more beneficial for both mother and child. To assess whether induction of labour starting in the evening, coinciding with the endogenous circadian rhythm, improves the outcome of labour compared with induction of labour starting in the early morning, organised to coincide with office hours. We contacted the Trials Search Co-ordinator to search the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (28 February 2012). In addition, we searched MEDLINE (1966 to 16 February 2012) and EMBASE (1980 to 16 February 2012). We included all published and unpublished randomised controlled trials. We excluded trials that employed quasi-random methods of treatment allocation. Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and risk of bias. Two review authors independently extracted data. Data were checked for accuracy. Where necessary, we contacted study authors for additional information. The search resulted in 2693 articles that we screened on title and abstract for eligibility.Thirteen studies were selected for full text assessment. We included three randomised trials involving 1150 women. Two trials compared the administration of prostaglandins in the morning versus the evening in women with an unfavourable cervix, and one trial compared induction of labour in the morning versus the evening in women with a favourable cervix and/or ruptured membranes with intravenous oxytocin. Because of the different mechanism, we have reported results for these two comparisons separately.In the two trials comparing prostaglandins in the morning versus the evening there were few clinically significant differences between study groups for maternal or neonatal outcomes. One study reported a statistically significant preference by women to start induction of labour with prostaglandins in the morning.In the trial examining induction of labour with intravenous oxytocin, the number of neonatal admissions was statistically significantly increased in the group of women that started induction in the morning. This finding was unexpected, and while the trial authors offered some possible explanations for this, it is important that any future trials examine neonatal outcomes. Taking into account women's preferences that favoured administration of prostaglandins in the morning, we conclude that caregivers should preferably consider administering prostaglandins in the morning.There is no strong evidence that induction of labour with intravenous oxytocin in the evening is more or less effective than induction in the morning. Consideration may be given to start induction of labour with oxytocin in the evening when indicated.

Age and measurement time-of-day effects on speech recognition in noise.

PubMed

Veneman, Carrie E; Gordon-Salant, Sandra; Matthews, Lois J; Dubno, Judy R

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of measurement time of day on speech recognition in noise and the extent to which time-of-day effects differ with age. Older adults tend to have more difficulty understanding speech in noise than younger adults, even when hearing is normal. Two possible contributors to this age difference in speech recognition may be measurement time of day and inhibition. Most younger adults are "evening-type," showing peak circadian arousal in the evening, whereas most older adults are "morning-type," with circadian arousal peaking in the morning. Tasks that require inhibition of irrelevant information have been shown to be affected by measurement time of day, with maximum performance attained at one's peak time of day. The authors hypothesized that a change in inhibition will be associated with measurement time of day and therefore affect speech recognition in noise, with better performance in the morning for older adults and in the evening for younger adults. Fifteen younger evening-type adults (20-28 years) and 15 older morning-type adults with normal hearing (66-78 years) listened to the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) and the Quick Speech in Noise (QuickSIN) test in the morning and evening (peak and off-peak times). Time of day preference was assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Sentences and noise were presented binaurally through insert earphones. During morning and evening sessions, participants solved word-association problems within the visual-distraction task (VDT), which was used as an estimate of inhibition. After each session, participants rated perceived mental demand of the tasks using a revised version of the NASA Task Load Index. Younger adults performed significantly better on the speech-in-noise tasks and rated themselves as requiring significantly less mental demand when tested at their peak (evening) than off-peak (morning) time of day. In contrast, time-of-day effects were not observed for the older adults on the speech recognition or rating tasks. Although older adults required significantly more advantageous signal-to-noise ratios than younger adults for equivalent speech-recognition performance, a significantly larger younger versus older age difference in speech recognition was observed in the evening than in the morning. Older adults performed significantly poorer than younger adults on the VDT, but performance was not affected by measurement time of day. VDT performance for misleading distracter items was significantly correlated with HINT and QuickSIN test performance at the peak measurement time of day. Although all participants had normal hearing, speech recognition in noise was significantly poorer for older than younger adults, with larger age-related differences in the evening (an off-peak time for older adults) than in the morning. The significant effect of measurement time of day suggests that this factor may impact the clinical assessment of speech recognition in noise for all individuals. It appears that inhibition, as estimated by a visual distraction task for misleading visual items, is a cognitive mechanism that is related to speech-recognition performance in noise, at least at a listener's peak time of day.

Industrial Maintenance Technology (IM-TEC). Student Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fusch, Gene E.

This student manual explains an innovative strategy through which Bellingham Technical College's (Washington) evening Industrial Electrician and Millwright Apprenticeships were aggregated with workforce upgrade course offerings to form the college's first evening degree program in Industrial Maintenance Technology (IM-TEC). Section 1 contains a…

Atmospheric boundary layer evening transitions over West Texas

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

A systemic analysis of the atmospheric boundary layer behavior during some evening transitions over West Texas was done using the data from an extensive array of instruments which included small and large aperture scintillometers, net radiometers, and meteorological stations. The analysis also comp...

27. Evening view of downstream face of Pleasant Dam under ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

27. Evening view of downstream face of Pleasant Dam under construction. Part of construction camp housing is visible in foreground. Photographer unknown, 1927. Source: MWD. - Waddell Dam, On Agua Fria River, 35 miles northwest of Phoenix, Phoenix, Maricopa County, AZ

Draft SEI Program Plans: 1995-1999

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-08-01

risk management because we believe that (a) structured techniques, even quite simple ones, can be effective in identifying and quantifying risk ; and (b...belief that (1) structured techniques, even quite simple ones, could be effective in identifying and quantifying risk ; and (2) techniques existed to

Dealing with Drug Problems: Preventing and Treating Drug Abuse

MedlinePlus

... a drug even though you know it’s harmful is the hallmark of addiction. A drug doesn’t have to be illegal to cause this effect. People can become addicted to alcohol, nicotine, or even prescription drugs when they use them ...

The complexity of proving chaoticity and the Church-Turing thesis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Calude, Cristian S.; Calude, Elena; Svozil, Karl

2010-09-01

Proving the chaoticity of some dynamical systems is equivalent to solving the hardest problems in mathematics. Conversely, classical physical systems may "compute the hard or even the incomputable" by measuring observables which correspond to computationally hard or even incomputable problems.

Better Seals for Vacuum Bags

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Penn, B.; Clemons, J. M.

1983-01-01

Roller tool spreads even layer of adhesive. Tool easily constructed from metal, plastic, or wood. Sewing-thread spool serves as roller, nail as axle, and jigsawed block of wood as handle. Tool rolled and pressed against plastic film to assure even layer of adhesive around periphery.

What to Do about Jim?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Joseph; Vari, T. J.

2017-01-01

The idea of conversations around performance reviews, and even more challenging improvement plans, is daunting. Even though the goal is to improve the employee's performance, difficult conversations don't automatically stimulate an environment and culture of continual growth. Establishing and systematizing professional dialogue in the workplace…

1. Dyea Dock looking south. Note faint evenly spaced circular ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Dyea Dock looking south. Note faint evenly spaced circular dark pieces of grass up through the middle of the picture indicating posts making up the pier. Photograph made from park service cherry picker. - Dyea Dock & Association (Ruins), Skagway, Skagway, AK

Two hours of evening reading on a self-luminous tablet vs. reading a physical book does not alter sleep after daytime bright light exposure.

PubMed

Rångtell, Frida H; Ekstrand, Emelie; Rapp, Linnea; Lagermalm, Anna; Liethof, Lisanne; Búcaro, Marcela Olaya; Lingfors, David; Broman, Jan-Erik; Schiöth, Helgi B; Benedict, Christian

2016-07-01

The use of electronic devices emitting blue light during evening hours has been associated with sleep disturbances in humans, possibly due to the blue light-mediated suppression of the sleep-promoting hormone melatonin. However, experimental results have been mixed. The present study therefore sought to investigate if reading on a self-luminous tablet during evening hours would alter sleepiness, melatonin secretion, nocturnal sleep, as well as electroencephalographic power spectral density during early slow-wave sleep. Following a constant bright light exposure over 6.5 hours (~569 lux), 14 participants (six females) read a novel either on a tablet or as physical book for two hours (21:00-23:00). Evening concentrations of saliva melatonin were repeatedly measured. Sleep (23:15-07:15) was recorded by polysomnography. Sleepiness was assessed before and after nocturnal sleep. About one week later, experiments were repeated; participants who had read the novel on a tablet in the first experimental session continued reading the same novel in the physical book, and vice versa. There were no differences in sleep parameters and pre-sleep saliva melatonin levels between the tablet reading and physical book reading conditions. Bright light exposure during daytime has previously been shown to abolish the inhibitory effects of evening light stimulus on melatonin secretion. Our results could therefore suggest that exposure to bright light during the day - as in the present study - may help combat sleep disturbances associated with the evening use of electronic devices emitting blue light. However, this needs to be validated by future studies with larger sample populations. Copyright © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The effects of adaptive servo ventilation on cerebral vascular reactivity in patients with congestive heart failure and sleep-disordered breathing.

PubMed

Morrell, Mary J; Meadows, Guy E; Hastings, Peter; Vazir, Ali; Kostikas, Konstantinos; Simonds, Anita K; Corfield, Douglas R

2007-05-01

Hypercapnic cerebral vascular reactivity (HCVR) is reduced in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB); this may be associated with an increased risk of stroke. We tested the hypothesis that reversal of SDB in CHF patients using adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) would increase morning HCVR. Interventional, cross-over clinical study. Research sleep laboratory. Ten CHF patients with SDB, predominantly obstructive sleep apnea. The HCVR was measured from the change in middle cerebral artery velocity, using pulsed Doppler ultrasound. HCVR was determined during the evening (before) and morning (after) 1 night of sleep on ASV and 1 night of spontaneous sleep (control). Compared with the control situation, ASV decreased the apnea-hypopnea index (group mean +/- SEM, control: 48 +/- 12, ASV: 4 +/- 1 events per hour). HCVR was 23% lower in the morning, compared with the evening, on the control night (evening: 1.3 +/- 0.2, morning: 1.0 +/- 0.2 cm/sec per mm Hg, P < 0.05) and 27% lower following the ASV night (evening: 1.5 +/- 0.2, morning: 1.1 +/- 0.2 cm/sec per mm Hg, P < 0.05). The effect of ASV on the evening-to-morning reduction in HCVR was not significant, compared with the control night (0.02 cm/sec per mm Hg, 95% confidence interval: -0.28, 0.32 P = 0.89). In CHF patients with SDB, HCVR was reduced in the morning compared with the evening. However, removal of SDB for 1 night did not reverse the reduced HCVR. The relatively low morning HCVR could be linked with an increased risk of stroke.

Morning and Evening Blue-Enriched Light Exposure Alters Metabolic Function in Normal Weight Adults.

PubMed

Cheung, Ivy N; Zee, Phyllis C; Shalman, Dov; Malkani, Roneil G; Kang, Joseph; Reid, Kathryn J

2016-01-01

Increasing evidence points to associations between light-dark exposure patterns, feeding behavior, and metabolism. This study aimed to determine the acute effects of 3 hours of morning versus evening blue-enriched light exposure compared to dim light on hunger, metabolic function, and physiological arousal. Nineteen healthy adults completed this 4-day inpatient protocol under dim light conditions (<20lux). Participants were randomized to 3 hours of blue-enriched light exposure on Day 3 starting either 0.5 hours after wake (n = 9; morning group) or 10.5 hours after wake (n = 10; evening group). All participants remained in dim light on Day 2 to serve as their baseline. Subjective hunger and sleepiness scales were collected hourly. Blood was sampled at 30-minute intervals for 4 hours in association with the light exposure period for glucose, insulin, cortisol, leptin, and ghrelin. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and area under the curve (AUC) for insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR and cortisol were calculated. Comparisons relative to baseline were done using t-tests and repeated measures ANOVAs. In both the morning and evening groups, insulin total area, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-IR AUC were increased and subjective sleepiness was reduced with blue-enriched light compared to dim light. The evening group, but not the morning group, had significantly higher glucose peak value during blue-enriched light exposure compared to dim light. There were no other significant differences between the morning or the evening groups in response to blue-enriched light exposure. Blue-enriched light exposure acutely alters glucose metabolism and sleepiness, however the mechanisms behind this relationship and its impacts on hunger and appetite regulation remain unclear. These results provide further support for a role of environmental light exposure in the regulation of metabolism.

Protein intake distribution pattern does not affect anabolic response, lean body mass, muscle strength or function over 8 weeks in older adults: A randomized-controlled trial.

PubMed

Kim, Il-Young; Schutzler, Scott; Schrader, Amy M; Spencer, Horace J; Azhar, Gohar; Wolfe, Robert R; Ferrando, Arny A

2018-04-01

In our recent acute metabolic study, we found no differences in the anabolic response to differing patterns of dietary protein intake. To confirm this in a chronic study, we investigated the effects of protein distribution pattern on functional outcomes and protein kinetics in older adults over 8 weeks. To determine chronic effects of protein intake pattern at 1.1 g protein/kg/day in mixed meals on lean body mass (LBM), functional outcomes, whole body protein kinetics and muscle protein fractional synthesis rate (MPS) over 8-week respective dietary intervention, fourteen older subjects were randomly divided into either EVEN or UNVEN group. The UNEVEN group (n = 7) consumed the majority of dietary protein with dinner (UNEVEN, 15/20/65%; breakfast, lunch, dinner), while the EVEN group (n = 7) consumed dietary protein evenly throughout the day (EVEN: 33/33/33%). We found no significant differences in LBM, muscle strength, and other functional outcomes between EVEN and UNEVEN before and after 8-week intervention. Consistent with these functional outcomes, we did not find significant differences in the 20-h integrated whole body protein kinetics [net protein balance (NB), protein synthesis (PS), and breakdown (PB)] above basal states and MPS between EVEN and UNEVEN intake patterns. We conclude that over an 8-week intervention period, the protein intake distribution pattern in mixed meals does not play an important role in determining anabolic response, muscle strength, or functional outcomes. This trial is registered at https://ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02787889. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

Techno-economic analysis of fuel cell auxiliary power units as alternative to idling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jain, Semant; Chen, Hsieh-Yeh; Schwank, Johannes

This paper presents a techno-economic analysis of fuel-cell-based auxiliary power units (APUs), with emphasis on applications in the trucking industry and the military. The APU system is intended to reduce the need for discretionary idling of diesel engines or gas turbines. The analysis considers the options for on-board fuel processing of diesel and compares the two leading fuel cell contenders for automotive APU applications: proton exchange membrane fuel cell and solid oxide fuel cell. As options for on-board diesel reforming, partial oxidation and auto-thermal reforming are considered. Finally, using estimated and projected efficiency data, fuel consumption patterns, capital investment, and operating costs of fuel-cell APUs, an economic evaluation of diesel-based APUs is presented, with emphasis on break-even periods as a function of fuel cost, investment cost, idling time, and idling efficiency. The analysis shows that within the range of parameters studied, there are many conditions where deployment of an SOFC-based APU is economically viable. Our analysis indicates that at an APU system cost of 100 kW -1, the economic break-even period is within 1 year for almost the entire range of conditions. At 500 kW -1 investment cost, a 2-year break-even period is possible except for the lowest end of the fuel consumption range considered. However, if the APU investment cost is 3000 kW -1, break-even would only be possible at the highest fuel consumption scenarios. For Abram tanks, even at typical land delivered fuel costs, a 2-year break-even period is possible for APU investment costs as high as 1100 kW -1.

Separate aftereffects of morning and evening exercise on ambulatory blood pressure in prehypertensive men.

PubMed

Brito, Leandro C; Rezende, Rafael A; Mendes, Caroline; Silva-Junior, Natan D; Tinucci, Taís; Cipolla-Neto, José; de Moraes Forjaz, Cláudia L

2018-01-01

Clinic postexercise hypotension (PEH) is different after aerobic exercise performed in the morning and in the evening. Thus, ambulatory PEH should also differ after exercises conducted at different times of day. However, because of the circadian pattern of blood pressure (BP), ambulatory PEH should be assessed considering a control condition. Thus, this study was designed to verify the effects of morning and evening exercises on postexercise ambulatory BP averages and circadian parameters by comparing responses obtained at each time of day after an exercise and a control session. Thirteen prehypertensive men underwent four sessions (randomized order): two in the morning (9 am) and two in the evening (6:30 pm). At each time of day, a control (C) and an exercise (E: cycle ergometer 45 min, 50% VO2peak) sessions were performed. After the sessions, an ambulatory BP and heart rate (HR) monitoring was started for 24 h. Paired t-test or Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test were used to compare the E and the C sessions at each time of day. In the morning, 24 h, daytime and nighttime HR were higher after the E than the C session. In the evening, nighttime systolic BP (116±11 vs. 120±10 mmHg, P=0.04) and rate pressure product (7981±1294 vs. 8583±1523 mmHg.bpm, P=0.04), as well as MESOR (128±11 vs. 130±10 mmHg, P=0.03) were lower in the E than the C session. In prehypertensive men, morning exercise increased ambulatory HR, while evening exercise decreased nighttime BP and cardiac work, reducing the MESOR of systolic BP.

Children's toothbrushing frequency: the influence of parents' rationale for brushing, habits and family routines.

PubMed

Trubey, Rob J; Moore, Simon C; Chestnutt, Ivor G

2015-01-01

To assess the relationship between parental and family factors and children's toothbrushing frequency at different times of day. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of predominantly low-socio-economic status parents of children aged 3-6 years (n = 296) in South Wales, UK. Data were collected on the child's weekly toothbrushing frequency (morning and evening), the parents' rationale for brushing their child's teeth in the morning and evening, the strength of a parent's habit for brushing a child's teeth in the morning and evening, and the extent to which the family's daily routines were stable from day to day. Socio-demographic details were also collected. Reported weekly brushing frequency was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the morning (mean ± SD: 6.57 ± 1.37) than the evening (mean ± SD: 5.99 ± 2.15). Parents had significantly (p < 0.001) more interest in the cosmetic benefits of toothbrushing in the morning compared to the evening. Multivariate analysis showed that an increasing focus on the cosmetic benefits of toothbrushing was associated with significantly (p < 0.05) less weekly brushing in the evening. The extent to which brushing a child's teeth was 'habitual' was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with weekly toothbrushing frequency at both times of day. Parents' rationale for brushing their children's teeth can vary at both an individual level and at different times of day. Understanding these variations is important in designing interventions to improve brushing frequency for at-risk children. The results also demonstrate habituation as being an important factor in understanding toothbrushing frequency. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms involved in habit formation and maintenance with children's oral hygiene behaviour.

Relationships among circadian typology, psychological symptoms, and sensation seeking.

PubMed

Prat, Gemma; Adan, Ana

2013-08-01

Recently, attention has been focused on the relationship among circadian typology, psychiatric symptoms, and personality traits. This study analyzes the influence of circadian typology on psychological distress, and the sensation-seeking personality trait. Five hundred seventeen college students (173 males), aged 17 to 30, answered the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM), the General Health Questionnaire 28-item version (GHQ-28), and the Sensation Seeking Scale-V (SSS-V). The evening-type subjects in our sample scored higher than the neither- and morning- type in the GHQ-28 total score, as well as in the four subscales that composed it (Psychosomatic Symptoms, Anxiety and Insomnia, Social Dysfunction, and Severe Depression) (p<0.02 in all cases). The evening-type subjects also had a larger proportion of psychiatric cases than the other two circadian typologies (p<0.0001 in all cases). Moreover, the evening-type subjects obtained higher scores in the SSS-V total score and in the subscales of Disinhibition and Boredom Susceptibility (p<0.001 in all cases). A positive correlation was observed between the GHQ-28 and the SSS-V total scores in the total sample, but only for the evening-type group (r=0.217; p<0.027). In the evening group, several relations were also found between the subscales of the GHQ-28 and the subscales of the SSS-V (r>0.206; p<0.036). All these data point to a relationship between evening-type subjects and the level of psychological distress and the sensation-seeking personality trait. They also suggest that eveningness could be related to developing psychological distress and personality traits that could, in turn, be related to developing other problems, such as drug consumption.

Morning and Evening Blue-Enriched Light Exposure Alters Metabolic Function in Normal Weight Adults

PubMed Central

Cheung, Ivy N.; Zee, Phyllis C.; Shalman, Dov; Malkani, Roneil G.; Kang, Joseph; Reid, Kathryn J.

2016-01-01

Increasing evidence points to associations between light-dark exposure patterns, feeding behavior, and metabolism. This study aimed to determine the acute effects of 3 hours of morning versus evening blue-enriched light exposure compared to dim light on hunger, metabolic function, and physiological arousal. Nineteen healthy adults completed this 4-day inpatient protocol under dim light conditions (<20lux). Participants were randomized to 3 hours of blue-enriched light exposure on Day 3 starting either 0.5 hours after wake (n = 9; morning group) or 10.5 hours after wake (n = 10; evening group). All participants remained in dim light on Day 2 to serve as their baseline. Subjective hunger and sleepiness scales were collected hourly. Blood was sampled at 30-minute intervals for 4 hours in association with the light exposure period for glucose, insulin, cortisol, leptin, and ghrelin. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and area under the curve (AUC) for insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR and cortisol were calculated. Comparisons relative to baseline were done using t-tests and repeated measures ANOVAs. In both the morning and evening groups, insulin total area, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-IR AUC were increased and subjective sleepiness was reduced with blue-enriched light compared to dim light. The evening group, but not the morning group, had significantly higher glucose peak value during blue-enriched light exposure compared to dim light. There were no other significant differences between the morning or the evening groups in response to blue-enriched light exposure. Blue-enriched light exposure acutely alters glucose metabolism and sleepiness, however the mechanisms behind this relationship and its impacts on hunger and appetite regulation remain unclear. These results provide further support for a role of environmental light exposure in the regulation of metabolism. PMID:27191727

Self-assessed quality of sleep, occupational health, working environment, illness experience and job satisfaction of female nurses working different combination of shifts.

PubMed

Sveinsdóttir, Herdis

2006-06-01

The aim of this study was to describe and compare the self-assessed quality of sleep, occupational health, working environment, illness experience and job satisfaction among female nurses working different combinations of shifts. Evidence from several studies indicates that there is an association between the disruption of the circadian cycle caused by shift work and adverse health effects. A cross-sectional design was used with a sample of 348 nurses drawn from the registry of the Icelandic Nurses' Association, representing 17% of the workforce of Icelandic nurses. A self-administered questionnaire, measuring occupational health, quality of sleep, the illness experience, job satisfaction and working environment was used. Data were analysed according to type of shift (days only, rotating days/evenings, rotating days/evenings/nights) by use of analysis of variance and chi-square. No difference was found between participants based on type of shift with regard to the illness experience, job satisfaction and quality of sleep. Nurses working rotating day/evening/night shifts reported a longer working day, more stressful environmental risk factors, more strenuous work and that they were less able to control their work-pace. In general, the nurses reported low severity of symptoms; however, nurses working rotating days/evenings shifts experienced more severe gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal symptoms when compared with others. This was explained by the short rest period provided for between evening and morning shifts. In general Icelandic nurses are satisfied with their work and their shift assignment does not seem to pathologically disrupt their circadian cycle. Nevertheless, nursing directors are advised to look more closely at the organization of nurses' work during night shifts, as well as the rest period for nurses changing from evening to day shifts.

[Experience of a Break-Even Point Analysis for Make-or-Buy Decision.].

PubMed

Kim, Yunhee

2006-12-01

Cost containment through continuous quality improvement of medical service is required in an age of a keen competition of the medical market. Laboratory managers should examine the matters on make-or-buy decision periodically. On this occasion, a break-even point analysis can be useful as an analyzing tool. In this study, cost accounting and break-even point (BEP) analysis were performed in case that the immunoassay items showing a recent increase in order volume were to be in-house made. Fixed and variable costs were calculated in case that alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), ferritin, free thyroxine (fT4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), CA 125, CA 19-9, and hepatitis B envelope antibody (HBeAb) were to be tested with Abbott AxSYM instrument. Break-even volume was calculated as fixed cost per year divided by purchasing cost per test minus variable cost per test and BEP ratio as total purchasing costs at break-even volume divided by total purchasing costs at actual annual volume. The average fixed cost per year of AFP, CEA, PSA, ferritin, fT4, T3, TSH, CA 125, CA 19-9, and HBeAb was 8,279,187 won and average variable cost per test, 3,786 won. Average break-even volume was 1,599 and average BEP ratio was 852%. Average BEP ratio without including quality costs such as calibration and quality control was 74%. Because the quality assurance of clinical tests cannot be waived, outsourcing all of 10 items was more adequate than in-house make at the present volume in financial aspect. BEP analysis was useful as a financial tool for make-or-buy decision, the common matter which laboratory managers meet with.

In adolescence a higher 'eveningness in energy intake' is associated with higher total daily energy intake.

PubMed

Diederichs, Tanja; Perrar, Ines; Roßbach, Sarah; Alexy, Ute; Buyken, Anette E

2018-05-26

The present manuscript addressed two hypotheses: (i) As children age, energy intake is shifted from morning (energy intake <11am) to evening hours (energy intake >6pm) (ii) A higher 'eveningness in energy intake' (i.e. evening minus morning energy intake) is associated with a higher total daily energy intake. Data were analyzed from 262 DONALD cohort study participants, who had completed at least one 3-day weighed dietary record in the age groups 3/4, 5/6, 7/8, 9/10, 11/12, 13/14, 15/16 and 17/18 years (y). 'Eveningness in energy intake' was compared across age groups and related to total daily energy intake for each age group (multiple cross-sectional analyses). 'Eveningness' increased progressively from age group 3/4y to age group 17/18y. A median surplus of evening energy intake (i.e. when evening intake exceeded morning intake) was firstly observed for age group 11/12y. From age group 11/12y onwards, a higher 'eveningness' was associated with a higher total daily energy intake (all p < 0.04). Difference in total daily energy intake between the highest and the lowest tertile of 'eveningness' was largest for age group 17/18y, amounting to an 11% higher intake among adolescents in the highest as compared to those in the lowest tertile. In conclusion, energy intake progressively shifts from morning to evening hours as children age. Once evening energy intake exceeds morning energy intake, a higher 'eveningness in energy intake' is associated with higher total daily energy intake. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

First-ever evening public engine test of a Space Shuttle Main Engine

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-21

Thousands of people watch the first-ever evening public engine test of a Space Shuttle Main Engine at NASA's John C. Stennis Space Center. The spectacular test marked Stennis Space Center's 20th anniversary celebration of the first Space Shuttle mission.

The Future of the Air National Guard

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-30

41 Keteyian, Armen , CBS Evening News, (August 2, 2012), accessed February 23, 2013, www.cbsnews.com/8301-18563_162-57485847/ex-official-chemical...Avgar. Crisis as an Opportunity. New York: University Press of America, Inc., 2011. Keteyian, Armen . "CBS Evening News." August 2, 2012

Pesticide Dose - A Parameter with Many Implications

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Like pharmaceuticals, pesticides can have unintended effects, even when used at the proper dose. For pesticides, the possible effects are even more diverse, because the chemicals are released immediately into the environment and the dose reaching the intended target(s) and unintended targets can var...

Paperless Writing in World Literature I: Can Students See the Forest without Writing on the Trees?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoffmann, Christine

2010-01-01

Electronic writing offers the opportunity to be creative, impromptu, personal, even improper--unstructured, in other words--while academic writing traps them, catches them up in, an impersonal, uncreative, unimaginative, structured, mechanical--and perhaps even ultimately noncommunicative--experience.

The Evolution of Ethnocentrism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hammond, Ross A.; Axelrod, Robert

2006-01-01

Ethnocentrism is a nearly universal syndrome of attitudes and behaviors, typically including in-group favoritism. Empirical evidence suggests that a predisposition to favor in-groups can be easily triggered by even arbitrary group distinctions and that preferential cooperation within groups occurs even when it is individually costly. The authors…

Teatime Threats. Choking Incidents at the Evening Meal

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guthrie, Susan; Stansfield, Jois

2017-01-01

Purpose: To explore caregiver perceptions of the socio-environmental issues around evening meal ("teatime") which influence choking. Methodology: A qualitative study of caregivers witnessing a choking incident was undertaken. Semi-structured interviews explored perceptions of the causes. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.…

The impact of time of day on the gait and balance control of Alzheimer's patients.

PubMed

Paillard, Thierry; Noé, Frederic; Bru, Noëlle; Couderc, Martine; Debove, Lola

2016-01-01

Alzheimer's patients suffer from circadian dysregulation. The aim of this study was to examine the evolution of balance control and gait at different times of the day (11:00, 14:00, 18:00) in order to identify whether Alzheimer's patients were more likely to fall at certain periods of the day. Spatio-temporal parameters of centre of foot pressure displacements were measured with a force platform and spatio-temporal parameters of walking were evaluated with a gait analysis device. The results highlighted that balance control was worse in the evening and the afternoon than in the morning. Furthermore, the walking speed was faster and support duration, swing duration and cycle duration were shorter in the evening than in the morning and afternoon. The combined analysis of balance control and gait parameters revealed that balance control and walking are concomitantly altered in the evening which increases the fall risk in the evening, in comparison with the morning, for Alzheimer's patients.

Evening primrose (Oenothera paradoxa) cake as an unconventional protein source.

PubMed

Golabczak, J; Py, R

2003-01-01

An efficient procedure of a protein isolate production from the evening primrose cake was developed. The cake is a by-product of oil extraction from seeds by using the cold pressing method. The evening primrose cake contains 22.7% of protein. Its content in the protein isolate derived from the cake is 74%. Proteins present in evening primrose seeds are rich in Trp (7%) and Met (3%), but Lys-deficient (1.3%) as compared to the FAO protein standard. Apart from the proteins, the protein isolate contains 8.5% (w/w per s.s.) dietary fiber, that negatively affects its digestibility. To enhance the bio-availability of the protein isolate, it was partially hydrolyzed with commercial preparations of trypsin and other proteases (Alcalase and Flavourzyme, Novozymes. Denmark). The most advanced proteolysis (52%) was achieved by 6 h digestion of 2% protein suspension with a mixture of Flavourzyme and Alcalase (350 and 600 U per g of protein, respectively) at 50 degrees C and pH 9.0.

Odd-even parity splittings and octupole correlations in neutron-rich Ba isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Y.; Wang, H.; Wang, L.-J.; Yao, J. M.

2018-02-01

The odd-even parity splittings in low-lying parity-doublet states of atomic nuclei with octupole correlations have usually been interpreted as rotational excitations on top of octupole vibration in the language of collective models. In this paper, we report a deep analysis of the odd-even parity splittings in the parity-doublet states of neutron-rich Ba isotopes around neutron number N =88 within a full microscopic framework of beyond-mean-field multireference covariant energy density functional theory. The dynamical correlations related to symmetry restoration and quadrupole-octupole shape fluctuation are taken into account with a generator coordinate method combined with parity, particle-number, and angular-momentum projections. We show that the behavior of odd-even parity splittings is governed by the interplay of rotation, quantum tunneling, and shape evolution. Similar to 224Ra, a picture of rotation-induced octupole shape stabilization in the positive-parity states is exhibited in the neutron-rich Ba isotopes.

Arik-Coon q-oscillator cat states on the noncommutative complex plane ℂq-1 and their nonclassical properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fakhri, H.; Sayyah-Fard, M.

The normalized even and odd q-cat states corresponding to Arik-Coon q-oscillator on the noncommutative complex plane ℂq-1 are constructed as the eigenstates of the lowering operator of a q-deformed su(1, 1) algebra with the left eigenvalues. We present the appropriate noncommutative measures in order to realize the resolution of the identity condition by the even and odd q-cat states. Then, we obtain the q-Bargmann-Fock realizations of the Fock representation of the q-deformed su(1, 1) algebra as well as the inner products of standard states in the q-Bargmann representations of the even and odd subspaces. Also, the Euler’s formula of the q-factorial and the Gaussian integrals based on the noncommutative q-integration are obtained. Violation of the uncertainty relation, photon antibunching effect and sub-Poissonian photon statistics by the even and odd q-cat states are considered in the cases 0 < q < 1 and q > 1.

Design of parity generator and checker circuit using electro-optic effect of Mach-Zehnder interferometers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Santosh; Chanderkanta; Amphawan, Angela

2016-04-01

Parity is an extra bit which is used to add in digital information to detect error at the receiver end. It can be even and odd parity. In case of even parity, the number of one's will be even included the parity and reverse in the case of odd parity. The circuit which is used to generate the parity at the transmitter side, called the parity generator and the circuit which is used to detect the parity at receiver side is called as parity checker. In this paper, an even and odd parity generator and checker circuits are designed using electro-optic effect inside lithium niobate based Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs). The MZIs structures collectively show powerful capability in switching an input optical signal to a desired output port from a collection of output ports. The paper constitutes a mathematical description of the proposed device and thereafter simulation using MATLAB. The study is verified using beam propagation method (BPM).

Even and odd normalized zero modes in random interacting Majorana models respecting the parity P and the time-reversal-symmetry T

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Monthus, Cécile

2018-06-01

For random interacting Majorana models where the only symmetries are the parity P and the time-reversal-symmetry T, various approaches are compared to construct exact even and odd normalized zero modes Γ in finite size, i.e. Hermitian operators that commute with the Hamiltonian, that square to the identity, and that commute (even) or anticommute (odd) with the parity P. Even normalized zero-modes are well known under the name of ‘pseudo-spins’ in the field of many-body-localization or more precisely ‘local integrals of motion’ (LIOMs) in the many-body-localized-phase where the pseudo-spins happens to be spatially localized. Odd normalized zero-modes are popular under the name of ‘Majorana zero modes’ or ‘strong zero modes’. Explicit examples for small systems are described in detail. Applications to real-space renormalization procedures based on blocks containing an odd number of Majorana fermions are also discussed.

Length-dependent structural stability of linear monatomic Cu wires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Gurvinder; Kumar, Krishan; Singh, Baljinder; Moudgil, R. K.

2018-05-01

We present first-principle calculations based on density functional theory for the finite-length monatomic Cu atom linear wires. The structure and its stability with increasing wire length in terms of number of atoms (N) is determined. Interestingly, the bond length is found to exhibit an oscillatory structure (the so-called magic length phenomenon), with a qualitative change in oscillatory behavior as one moves from even N wire to odd N wire. The even N wires follow simple even-odd oscillations whereas odd N wires show a phase change at the half length of the wires. The stability of the wire structure, determined in terms of the wire formation energy, also contains even-odd oscillation as a function of wire length. However, the oscillations in formation energy reverse its phase after the wire length is increased beyond N=12. Our findings are seen to be qualitatively consistent with recent simulations for a similar class finite-length metal atom wires.

Analysis of the energy of the first four excited states of the ground-state rotational bands of the even-even nuclei from 6C8 to 56Ba90 with the model of a single cluster of nucleons revolving about a sphere.

PubMed Central

Pauling, L

1991-01-01

The results of the analysis of the first four energy levels of the ground-state rotational bands of even-even nuclei from 6C8 to 56Ba90 on the basis of the revolving-cluster model are reported. Values of the nucleon number of the revolving cluster are assigned on the basis in part of the shell model and in part of the expectation that the corresponding values of the radius of revolution would change only slightly from one energy level to an adjacent level or from one nucleus to an adjacent nucleus. The values of the radius of revolution are found to change gradually from about 5 to 6 fm for the lighter nuclei to 7 to 8 fm for the heavier nuclei in the sequence studied. PMID:11607232

Social optimum for evening commute in a single-entry traffic corridor with no early departures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Chuan-Yao; Xu, Guang-Ming; Tang, Tie-Qiao

2018-07-01

In this paper, we investigate the evening commute behaviors on the social optimum (SO) state in a single-entry traffic corridor with no early departures. Differing from the previous studies on evening commute, the dynamic properties of traffic flow are analyzed with the LWR (Lighthill-Whitham-Richards) model. The properties of optimum cumulative inflow curve with general desired departure time distribution curve are deduced, and then the analytic solutions for common desired departure time in SO are obtained. Three numerical examples are carried out to capture the characteristics of evening commuting behaviors under different values of time. The analytic and numerical results both indicate that the rarefaction wave originating from the first entry point influences the whole or part of the outflow curve. No shock wave exists through the commuting process. In addition, the cost curves show that the trip cost increases and the departure delay cost decreases with departure time, whereas the travel time cost first increases then decreases with departure time under the SO principle.

Self field triggered superconducting fault current limiter

DOEpatents

Tekletsadik, Kasegn D [Rexford, NY

2008-02-19

A superconducting fault current limiter array with a plurality of superconductor elements arranged in a meanding array having an even number of supconductors parallel to each other and arranged in a plane that is parallel to an odd number of the plurality of superconductors, where the odd number of supconductors are parallel to each other and arranged in a plane that is parallel to the even number of the plurality of superconductors, when viewed from a top view. The even number of superconductors are coupled at the upper end to the upper end of the odd number of superconductors. A plurality of lower shunt coils each coupled to the lower end of each of the even number of superconductors and a plurality of upper shunt coils each coupled to the upper end of each of the odd number of superconductors so as to generate a generally orthoganal uniform magnetic field during quenching using only the magenetic field generated by the superconductors.

Meeting now suggests we will meet again: Implications for debates on the evolution of cooperation

PubMed Central

Krasnow, Max M.; Delton, Andrew W.; Tooby, John; Cosmides, Leda

2013-01-01

Humans are often generous, even towards strangers encountered by chance and even in the absence of any explicit information suggesting they will meet again. Because game theoretic analyses typically conclude that a psychology designed for direct reciprocity should defect in such situations, many have concluded that alternative explanations for human generosity—explanations beyond direct reciprocity—are necessary. However, human cooperation evolved within a material and informational ecology: Simply adding consideration of one minimal ecological relationship to the analysis of reciprocity brings theory and observation closer together, indicating that ecology-free analyses of cooperation can be fragile. Using simulations, we show that the autocorrelation of an individual's location over time means that even a chance encounter with an individual predicts an increased probability of a future encounter with that same individual. We discuss how a psychology designed for such an ecology may be expected to often cooperate even in apparently one-shot situations. PMID:23624437

The length of time necessary to break even after converting to digital mammography.

PubMed

Hiatt, M D; Carr, J J; Manning, R L

2000-01-01

The cost differences between film-based mammography (FBM) and digital mammography (DM) were estimated after discussions with hospital personnel and industry representatives. Human resource costs were not included. The fixed cost of FBM per machine was estimated to be $50,000 and the variable cost $4.60 per examination. The fixed cost of DM per machine was estimated to be $102,000 and the variable cost $0.10 per examination. The total number of examinations required to break even was therefore 11,556. At a rate of 15 examinations per machine per day and with 251 working days per year, it would take 3.1 years to break even. In the first year after the break-even point had been attained, $16,943 would be saved for every 3765 examinations performed. Extrapolating to the USA as a whole, in which 23 million mammographic examinations are performed each year, suggests that the annual savings from going filmless would be more than $103 million.

Singular eigenstates in the even(odd) length Heisenberg spin chain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ranjan Giri, Pulak; Deguchi, Tetsuo

2015-05-01

We study the implications of the regularization for the singular solutions on the even(odd) length spin-1/2 XXX chains in some specific down-spin sectors. In particular, the analytic expressions of the Bethe eigenstates for three down-spin sector have been obtained along with their numerical forms in some fixed length chains. For an even-length chain if the singular solutions \\{{{λ }α }\\} are invariant under the sign changes of their rapidities \\{{{λ }α }\\}=\\{-{{λ }α }\\}, then the Bethe ansatz equations are reduced to a system of (M-2)/2((M-3)/2) equations in an even (odd) down-spin sector. For an odd N length chain in the three down-spin sector, it has been analytically shown that there exist singular solutions in any finite length of the spin chain of the form N=3(2k+1) with k=1,2,3,\\cdots . It is also shown that there exist no singular solutions in the four down-spin sector for some odd-length spin-1/2 XXX chains.

Electronic Media Use and Sleep Among Preschoolers: Evidence for Time-Shifted and Less Consolidated Sleep.

PubMed

Beyens, Ine; Nathanson, Amy I

2018-01-11

This study examined the association between electronic media use and sleep among preschoolers, using a national sample of 402 mothers of 3- to 5-year-olds. Participants completed an online survey assessing preschoolers' electronic media use, bedtime and wake time, sleep time, napping behaviors, and sleep consolidation. Results showed that heavier television use and tablet use, both overall and in the evening, were associated with later bedtimes and later wake times, but not with fewer hours of sleep, providing evidence for a time-shifting process. In addition, heavier daily television use and evening smartphone use were associated with increased daytime napping. Moreover, heavier daily television use, daily and evening smartphone use, and evening tablet use were associated with poorer sleep consolidation, suggesting less mature sleep patterns. These findings indicate that media effects on the timing of sleep and the proportion of sleep that occurs at night are important to consider when assessing the health risks of electronic media on children.

Morning twilight measured at Bandung and Jombang

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arumaningtyas, Eka Puspita; Raharto, Moedji; Herdiwijaya, Dhani

2012-06-01

Twilight divided into three categories namely, astronomical twilight, nautical twilight, and civil twilight. The three types of twilight can occur either in the evening or early morning. According to the U.S. Naval Observatory the three types distinguished by the depression (altitude of the sun below the horizon) for the evening or the morning twilight, -180, -120, and -60. Sky brightness measurements usually intended to determine the quality of the sky at some observation site or to determine the quality of the atmosphere by light pollution. Sky brightness data could be use for practical purposes such as to determine prayer times (Morning Prayer). This study describes the measurement of sky brightness using a light meter Sky Quality Meter. The measurements indicate the presence of different values and patterns in the twilight sky brightness. This variability highly determined by the weather conditions. Sky brightness shows a constant value shortly after the evening astronomical twilight and before morning astronomical twilight. Before the evening astronomical twilight and after morning astronomical twilight sky brightness showing continue changing.

Rye-Based Evening Meals Favorably Affected Glucose Regulation and Appetite Variables at the Following Breakfast; A Randomized Controlled Study in Healthy Subjects

PubMed Central

Sandberg, Jonna C.; Björck, Inger M. E.; Nilsson, Anne C.

2016-01-01

Background Whole grain has shown potential to prevent obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Possible mechanism could be related to colonic fermentation of specific indigestible carbohydrates, i.e. dietary fiber (DF). The aim of this study was to investigate effects on cardiometabolic risk factors and appetite regulation the next day when ingesting rye kernel bread rich in DF as an evening meal. Method Whole grain rye kernel test bread (RKB) or a white wheat flour based bread (reference product, WWB) was provided as late evening meals to healthy young adults in a randomized cross-over design. The test products RKB and WWB were provided in two priming settings: as a single evening meal or as three consecutive evening meals prior to the experimental days. Test variables were measured in the morning, 10.5–13.5 hours after ingestion of RKB or WWB. The postprandial phase was analyzed for measures of glucose metabolism, inflammatory markers, appetite regulating hormones and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in blood, hydrogen excretion in breath and subjective appetite ratings. Results With the exception of serum CRP, no significant differences in test variables were observed depending on length of priming (P>0.05). The RKB evening meal increased plasma concentrations of PYY (0–120 min, P<0.001), GLP-1 (0–90 min, P<0.05) and fasting SCFA (acetate and butyrate, P<0.05, propionate, P = 0.05), compared to WWB. Moreover, RKB decreased blood glucose (0–120 min, P = 0.001), serum insulin response (0–120 min, P<0.05) and fasting FFA concentrations (P<0.05). Additionally, RKB improved subjective appetite ratings during the whole experimental period (P<0.05), and increased breath hydrogen excretion (P<0.001), indicating increased colonic fermentation activity. Conclusion The results indicate that RKB evening meal has an anti-diabetic potential and that the increased release of satiety hormones and improvements of appetite sensation could be beneficial in preventing obesity. These effects could possibly be mediated through colonic fermentation. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02093481 PMID:26990559

Rye-Based Evening Meals Favorably Affected Glucose Regulation and Appetite Variables at the Following Breakfast; A Randomized Controlled Study in Healthy Subjects.

PubMed

Sandberg, Jonna C; Björck, Inger M E; Nilsson, Anne C

2016-01-01

Whole grain has shown potential to prevent obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Possible mechanism could be related to colonic fermentation of specific indigestible carbohydrates, i.e. dietary fiber (DF). The aim of this study was to investigate effects on cardiometabolic risk factors and appetite regulation the next day when ingesting rye kernel bread rich in DF as an evening meal. Whole grain rye kernel test bread (RKB) or a white wheat flour based bread (reference product, WWB) was provided as late evening meals to healthy young adults in a randomized cross-over design. The test products RKB and WWB were provided in two priming settings: as a single evening meal or as three consecutive evening meals prior to the experimental days. Test variables were measured in the morning, 10.5-13.5 hours after ingestion of RKB or WWB. The postprandial phase was analyzed for measures of glucose metabolism, inflammatory markers, appetite regulating hormones and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in blood, hydrogen excretion in breath and subjective appetite ratings. With the exception of serum CRP, no significant differences in test variables were observed depending on length of priming (P>0.05). The RKB evening meal increased plasma concentrations of PYY (0-120 min, P<0.001), GLP-1 (0-90 min, P<0.05) and fasting SCFA (acetate and butyrate, P<0.05, propionate, P = 0.05), compared to WWB. Moreover, RKB decreased blood glucose (0-120 min, P = 0.001), serum insulin response (0-120 min, P<0.05) and fasting FFA concentrations (P<0.05). Additionally, RKB improved subjective appetite ratings during the whole experimental period (P<0.05), and increased breath hydrogen excretion (P<0.001), indicating increased colonic fermentation activity. The results indicate that RKB evening meal has an anti-diabetic potential and that the increased release of satiety hormones and improvements of appetite sensation could be beneficial in preventing obesity. These effects could possibly be mediated through colonic fermentation. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02093481.

Inflammatory Pathway Genes Associated with Inter-Individual Variability in the Trajectories of Morning and Evening Fatigue in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy

PubMed Central

Wright, Fay; Hammer, Marilyn; Paul, Steven M.; Aouizerat, Bradley E.; Kober, Kord M.; Conley, Yvette P.; Cooper, Bruce A.; Dunn, Laura B.; Levine, Jon D.; Melkus, Gail DEramo; Miaskowski, Christine

2017-01-01

Fatigue, a highly prevalent and distressing symptom during chemotherapy (CTX), demonstrates diurnal and interindividual variability in severity. Little is known about the associations between variations in genes involved in inflammatory processes and morning and evening fatigue severity during CTX. The purposes of this study, in a sample of oncology patients (N=543) with breast, gastrointestinal (GI), gynecological (GYN), or lung cancer who received two cycles of CTX, were to determine whether variations in genes involved in inflammatory processes were associated with inter-individual variability in initial levels as well as in the trajectories of morning and evening fatigue. Patients completed the Lee Fatigue Scale to determine morning and evening fatigue severity a total of six times over two cycles of CTX. Using a whole exome array, 309 single nucleotide polymorphisms among the 64 candidate genes that passed all quality control filters were evaluated using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). Based on the results of the HLM analyses, the final SNPs were evaluated for their potential impact on protein function using two bioinformational tools. The following inflammatory pathways were represented: chemokines (3 genes); cytokines (12 genes); inflammasome (11 genes); Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT, 10 genes); mitogen-activated protein kinase/jun amino-terminal kinases (MAPK/JNK, 3 genes); nuclear factor-kappa beta (NFkB, 18 genes); and NFkB and MAP/JNK (7 genes). After controlling for self-reported and genomic estimates of race and ethnicity, polymorphisms in six genes from the cytokine (2 genes); inflammasome (2 genes); and NFkB (2 genes) pathways were associated with both morning and evening fatigue. Polymorphisms in six genes from the inflammasome (1 gene); JAK/STAT (1 gene); and NFkB (4 genes) pathways were associated with only morning fatigue. Polymorphisms in three genes from the inflammasome (2 genes) and the NFkB (1 gene) pathways were associated with only evening fatigue. Taken together, these findings add to the growing body of evidence that suggests that morning and evening fatigue are distinct symptoms. PMID:28110208

The evening versus morning polypill utilization study: the TEMPUS rationale and design.

PubMed

Lafeber, Melvin; Grobbee, Diederick E; Bots, Michiel L; Thom, Simon; Webster, Ruth; Rodgers, Anthony; Visseren, Frank L J; Spiering, Wilko

2014-04-01

In clinical practice, blood pressure (BP)-lowering agents are generally prescribed for use in the morning, whereas (short-acting) statins are recommended for use in the evening. There is evidence that the reduction in LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) achieved with short-acting statins is superior when taken in the evening and reported improvement in BP control when aspirin and BP-lowering agents are taken in the evening. However, it is unclear whether the additional reduction in LDL-c and BP is offset by a reduction in adherence, given that taking medication in the evening may be less typical or convenient. There is therefore uncertainty concerning the best timing of administration of a cardiovascular combination pill such as the polypill. The aim of TEMPUS (NCT01506505), a prospective randomized open blinded endpoint (PROBE) crossover trial, is to evaluate whether there is a difference in LDL-c levels or 24-hour ambulatory BP in individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular disease when the cardiovascular polypill is taken in the evening compared to the morning. An additional aim is to assess the effect of the polypill on LDL-c and BP compared to the administration of separate pills of identically dosed components of the polypill. In total 75 participants with established cardiovascular disease or an intermediate to high risk for cardiovascular disease are randomly allocated to the sequence of three different treatments of 6-8 weeks: (1) the cardiovascular polypill (aspirin 75 mg, simvastatin 40 mg, lisinopril 10 mg, and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg) in the evening; (2) the polypill in the morning; and (3) the use of the identically dosed agents in separate pills taken at different time points during the day. The primary endpoint is the difference in LDL-c and mean 24-hour ambulatory systolic BP. Secondary outcomes are the difference in relative risk reduction, biochemistry, platelet function and pulse wave analysis, participants' adherence, and acceptability. TEMPUS will evaluate the effect of timing of the administration of a cardiovascular polypill on LDL-c and BP measurements in patients with an intermediate or high risk for cardiovascular disease.

Negative parity states and some electromagnetic transition properties of even-odd erbium isotopes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yazar, Harun Resit; Uluer, Ihsan

2007-03-15

The negative parity states and some electromagnetic transition properties of even-odd erbium isotopes ({sup 159,161,163,165}Er) were studied within the framework of the interacting boson-fermion model. The single fermion is assumed to be in one of the lh{sub 9/2},3p{sub 3/2},2f{sub 5/2}, and 3p{sub 1/2} single-particle orbits. It was found that the calculated negative parity state energy spectra of the even-odd erbium isotopes agree quite well with the experimental data. The B(E2) values were also calculated and compared with the experimental data.

Spin noise spectroscopy beyond thermal equilibrium and linear response.

PubMed

Glasenapp, P; Sinitsyn, N A; Yang, Luyi; Rickel, D G; Roy, D; Greilich, A; Bayer, M; Crooker, S A

2014-10-10

Per the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, the information obtained from spin fluctuation studies in thermal equilibrium is necessarily constrained by the system's linear response functions. However, by including weak radio frequency magnetic fields, we demonstrate that intrinsic and random spin fluctuations even in strictly unpolarized ensembles can reveal underlying patterns of correlation and coupling beyond linear response, and can be used to study nonequilibrium and even multiphoton coherent spin phenomena. We demonstrate this capability in a classical vapor of (41)K alkali atoms, where spin fluctuations alone directly reveal Rabi splittings, the formation of Mollow triplets and Autler-Townes doublets, ac Zeeman shifts, and even nonlinear multiphoton coherences.

Apparatus Producing an Even Distribution of Strain into Carries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hrabovský, Leopold

2017-10-01

In many high-rise residential buildings or multi-storey warehouses, machinery, so called lifts, is used for the vertical transportation of people or weights between two or more altitudinally distant places. Carriers used for lifts are steel ropes or sprocket chains, on which a cage or a counterbalance is hinged. Apparatus of all carriers, attached to the hinge of the cage or counterbalance, should be even. This can be made only by hammer hinge. Fixed or springe hinge cannot be a perfect equalizing apparatus. This article describes an apparatus, which allows an even distribution of the strain into lift carriers, which use springe hinge of carrier ropes.

5 CFR Appendix A to Subpart B of... - Nationwide Schedule of Appropriated Fund Regular Wage Surveys

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... which the survey will begin; and (3) Whether full-scale surveys will be done in odd or even numbered.... Louisville DoD February Odd. Louisiana Lake Charles-Alexandria DoD April Even. New Orleans DoD November Odd...

Breed base representation in dairy animals of 5 breeds

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Inheritance of DNA from different dairy breeds can be determined by genotyping, just as individual ancestors such as parents, grandparents, or even great grandparents can be identified correctly in a high percentage of the cases by genotyping even if not reported or reported incorrectly in pedigrees...

Network Evening News Coverage of Environmental Risk.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenberg, Michael R.; And Others

Focusing on ABC, NBC, and CBS's evening news broadcasts from January 1984 through February 1986, a study examined network news coverage of environmental risk--defined as manmade chemical, biological, and physical agents that create risk in the indoor, outdoor, and occupational environments. Using the Vanderbilt University "Television News…

Promoting Healthy Lifestyles with Schoolwide Events.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Virgilio, Stephen J.

1998-01-01

Schoolwide events to promote healthy lifestyles include fitness field day; family-fitness night; geography run; school health fair; morning and evening stretches and workouts; Jump Rope for Heart, Hoops for Heart, and Step for Heart; All Children Exercising Simultaneously; holiday classics; neighborhood fitness trail; morning and evening workouts;…

Gender and Age-Appropriate Enrolment in Uganda

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wells, Ryan

2009-01-01

Secondary school enrolment in Uganda has historically favoured males over females. Recently, however, researchers have reported that the secondary enrolment gender gap has significantly diminished, and perhaps even disappeared in Uganda. Even if gender parity is being achieved for enrolment broadly, there may be a gender gap concerning…

Evolving Minds: Helping Students with Cognitive Dissonance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bramschreiber, Terry L.

2013-01-01

Even 150 years after Charles Darwin published "On the Origin of Species," public school teachers still find themselves dealing with student resistance to learning about biological evolution. Some teachers deal with this pressure by undermining, deemphasizing, or even omitting the topic in their science curriculum. Others face the…

Worth the Work

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schaffhauser, Dian

2010-01-01

Even in the age of Google, digital repositories can add tremendous value to an institution. Yet creating and maintaining these collections is no small task. Digital repository advocates will concede that the challenges in building and maintaining these collections can daunt even the most intrepid supporters. Three repository directors share their…

Low temperature isothermal pyrolysis of cellulose

Treesearch

A. Broido; M. Weinstein

1971-01-01

By providing continuous weight measurement, thermogravimetry, even for isothermal experiments, offers a major advantage over the classical methods of determining weight-change curves in complex pyrolysis reactions. Thus, even minor weight changes, readily detectable on a continuous record, furnish clues concerning the reaction sequences and indicate conditions under...

The Culture of the Independent Progressive School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kloss, Dean

2018-01-01

Even in this "Age of Data," independent progressive schools have shown a remarkable persistence in offering an alternative educational model. As Traditional Public Schools (TPS) become even more committed to a testing model of achievement, there are schools that continue to operate on identified progressive educational principles. This…

Making It

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobe, Monica F.

2011-01-01

Questions about college costs, college value, and even what a college degree means for the earning potential of graduates have become a high-profile component of discourse about higher education in the public sphere, and the voices of parents, politicians, taxpayers, and even students have often been raised against the university itself--against…

75 FR 66781 - Habitat Conservation Plan for Pacific Gas & Electric Company's Operation, Maintenance, and Minor...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-29

... Dunes evening-primrose E Oenotherawolfii Wolf's evening-primrose -- Orcuttiapilosa Hairy orcutt grass E Orcuttiatenuis Slender orcutt grass T Orcuttiaviscida Sacramento orcutt grass E Packeralayneae Layne's ragwort T... Monterey pine -- Piperiayadonii Yadon's rein orchid E Pleuropogonhooverianus North Coast semaphore grass...

Better Safe Than Sorry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ziff, Stephen J.

1973-01-01

Describes the increased need for emergency lighting equipment for late evening events, adult education evening classes, and for the increasing use of the interior classroom. Explains the difference between central and unit lighting systems; clarifies the specifications in the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) as they apply to school…

Reference-Dependent Sympathy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Small, Deborah A.

2010-01-01

Natural disasters and other traumatic events often draw a greater charitable response than do ongoing misfortunes, even those that may cause even more widespread misery, such as famine or malaria. Why is the response disproportionate to need? The notion of reference dependence critical to Prospect Theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979) maintains that…

Fifth Dimension Parallel Thinking and Velocity Squared

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-20

whether people can make rapid decisions. Regarding time, C.R. Gallistel and Rochel Gelman show that even pigeons can make decisions that require time...Facility may lead to uncharacteristic or illegal behavioral choices, even if these emotions are caused by unrelated incidents. 35 R.J. Gallistel and

Comparison between the effect of 6 weeks of morning or evening aerobic exercise on appetite and anthropometric indices: a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Alizadeh, Z; Younespour, S; Rajabian Tabesh, M; Haghravan, S

2017-06-01

Several studies have shown that exercise is directly related to creating negative energy balance and changes in appetite. However, few studies have examined the effect of exercise time during the day on these factors. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the effect of 6 weeks of morning and evening aerobic exercise on appetite and anthropometric indices. A total of 48 overweight females were recruited to this clinical trial. By the time of exercise, they were divided into two groups (morning or evening) and performed 6 weeks of exercise with a target heart rate on the ventilatory threshold. Appetite change, calorie intake and anthropometric indices were assessed. Consistent changes in appetite scores were not found during the 6 weeks (P > 0.05). Calorie consumption of the morning group decreased significantly more than that of the evening group (P = 0.02) during the 6 weeks. In addition, significant changes in body weight, body mass index, abdominal skin fold thickness and abdominal circumference were seen in the morning group. It appears that moderate- to high-intensity aerobic exercise in the morning could be considered a more effective programme than evening exercise on appetite control, calorie intake and weight loss in inactive overweight women. However, the limitations of the study, such as short-term duration, should be noticed. © 2017 World Obesity Federation.

Prioritizing ecological restoration among sites in multi-stressor landscapes.

PubMed

Neeson, Thomas M; Smith, Sigrid D P; Allan, J David; McIntyre, Peter B

2016-09-01

Most ecosystems are impacted by multiple local and long-distance stressors, many of which interact in complex ways. We present a framework for prioritizing ecological restoration efforts among sites in multi-stressor landscapes. Using a simple model, we show that both the economic and sociopolitical costs of restoration will typically be lower at sites with a relatively small number of severe problems than at sites with numerous lesser problems. Based on these results, we propose using cumulative stress and evenness of stressor impact as complementary indices that together reflect key challenges of restoring a site to improved condition. To illustrate this approach, we analyze stressor evenness across the world's rivers and the Laurentian Great Lakes. This exploration reveals that evenness and cumulative stress are decoupled, enabling selection of sites where remediating a modest number of high-intensity stressors could substantially reduce cumulative stress. Just as species richness and species evenness are fundamental axes of biological diversity, we argue that cumulative stress and stressor evenness constitute fundamental axes for identifying restoration opportunities in multi-stressor landscapes. Our results highlight opportunities to boost restoration efficiency through strategic use of multi-stressor datasets to identify sites that maximize ecological response per stressor remediated. This prioritization framework can also be expanded to account for the feasibility of remediation and the expected societal benefits of restoration projects. © 2016 by the Ecological Society of America.

The numerology of gender: gendered perceptions of even and odd numbers

PubMed Central

Wilkie, James E. B.; Bodenhausen, Galen V.

2015-01-01

Do numbers have gender? Wilkie and Bodenhausen (2012) examined this issue in a series of experiments on perceived gender. They examined the perceived gender of baby faces and foreign names. Arbitrary numbers presented with these faces and names influenced their perceived gender. Specifically, odd numbers connoted masculinity, while even numbers connoted femininity. In two new studies (total N = 315), we further examined the gendering of numbers. The first study examined explicit ratings of 1-digit numbers. We confirmed that odd numbers seemed masculine while even numbers seemed feminine. Although both men and women showed this pattern, it was more pronounced among women. We also examined whether this pattern holds for automatic as well as deliberated reactions. Results of an Implicit Association Test showed that it did, but only among the women. The implicit and explicit patterns of numerical gender ascription were moderately correlated. The second study examined explicit perceptions of 2-digit numbers. Again, women viewed odd numbers as more masculine and less feminine than even numbers. However, men viewed 2-digit numbers as relatively masculine, regardless of whether they were even or odd. These results indicate that women and men impute gender to numbers in different ways and to different extents. We discuss possible implications for understanding how people relate to and are influenced by numbers in a variety of real-life contexts. PMID:26113839

Social Learning in the Real-World: 'Over-Imitation' Occurs in Both Children and Adults Unaware of Participation in an Experiment and Independently of Social Interaction.

PubMed

Whiten, Andrew; Allan, Gillian; Devlin, Siobahn; Kseib, Natalie; Raw, Nicola; McGuigan, Nicola

2016-01-01

The current study avoided the typical laboratory context to determine instead whether over-imitation-the disposition to copy even visibly, causally unnecessary actions-occurs in a real-world context in which participants are unaware of being in an experiment. We disguised a puzzle-box task as an interactive item available to the public within a science engagement zone of Edinburgh Zoo. As a member of the public approached, a confederate acting as a zoo visitor retrieved a reward from the box using a sequence of actions containing both causally relevant and irrelevant elements. Despite the absence of intentional demonstration, or social pressure to copy, a majority of both child and even adult observers included all causally irrelevant actions in their reproduction. This occurred even though causal irrelevance appeared manifest because of the transparency of the puzzle-box. That over-imitation occurred so readily in a naturalistic context, devoid of social interaction and pressure, suggests that humans are opportunistic social learners throughout the lifespan, copying the actions of other individuals even when these actions are not intentionally demonstrated, and their causal significance is not readily apparent. The disposition to copy comprehensively, even when a mere onlooker, likely provides humans, irrespective of their age, with a powerful mechanism to extract maximal information from the social environment.

Morningness-eveningness questionnaire score and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

PubMed

Osonoi, Yusuke; Mita, Tomoya; Osonoi, Takeshi; Saito, Miyoko; Tamasawa, Atsuko; Nakayama, Shiho; Someya, Yuki; Ishida, Hidenori; Kanazawa, Akio; Gosho, Masahiko; Fujitani, Yoshio; Watada, Hirotaka

2014-11-01

"Morningness" and "Eveningness" represent lifestyle patterns including sleep-wake patterns. Although previous studies described a relationship between the morningness-eveningness trait and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the mechanism underlying this association remains unknown. The study participants comprised 725 Japanese T2DM outpatients free of history of cardiovascular diseases. Various lifestyles were analyzed using self-reported questionnaires, including morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ). The relationships between morningness-eveningness trait and various biochemical parameters were investigated by linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis. We classified the study patients into three groups, morning type (n=117), neither type (n=424) and evening type (n=184). Subjects of the evening type had high levels of alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level in a model adjusted for age and gender. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that the evening type was associated with high HbA1c and estimated glomerular filtration rate even after adjustment for other lifestyle factors known to affect metabolic control. The results suggest that T2DM patients with eveningness trait are under inadequate metabolic control independent of other lifestyle factors. Thus, the evening trait of T2DM patients represents an important target for intervention to ensure appropriate metabolic function.

[Inefficiency of electrosmog-shielding mats. Part 2: radio frequency range].

PubMed

Leitgeb, N; Cech, R

2005-09-01

It could already be shown that electromagnetic shielding mats do not reduce but even enhance electric field exposure in daily life situations. By measurements and numerical simulations the claims of manufacturers were checked who pretend that radio frequency electromagnetic fields can be shielded to 99% and more, and transferred to earth by earth cables (if attached). It could be shown that in the radio frequency range such products do not fulfil the justified expectations of customers, but in most cases even cause the opposite. The results depend on the electric properties of the material. Good electric conductivity of shielding mats even considerably increases electromagnetic field exposure. To connect the mats with earth potential by an attached cable might increase the beliefs on a protective effect, however, this is not capable to enhance the shielding effect. The investigation demonstrates that in spite of references made to experts opinions manufacturers claims about the shielding efficiency of radio frequency fields are misleading and fool clients about the real situation. Overall, acquisition and use of electrosmog shielding mats must be discouraged. If at all, shielding can be reached by placing a shielding cover between the source and the person. However, even in this case, efficiency is much lower than promised by manufacturers and decreases even more if it is taken into account that the head naturally remains uncovered and hence unshielded.

The normal squamocolumnar junction is circumferentially even and minimal irregularities are manifestations of gastroesophageal acid reflux.

PubMed

Guerrero Garcia Hall, Mats; Wenner, Jörgen; Öberg, Stefan

2017-03-01

The macroscopic appearance of the normal squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) is often described as serrated with short projections of columnar mucosa that extend into the esophagus. As studies of the normal SCJ are sparse, the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the normal SCJ is even and that irregularities are manifestations of acid reflux. Fifty asymptomatic subjects and 149 patients with symptoms suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux disease underwent endoscopy and 48-h pH monitoring with a pH electrode positioned immediately above the SCJ. The shape of the SCJ was assessed according to the Z-line appearance classification and correlated with clinical characteristics and the degree of esophageal acid exposure in the most distal esophagus. Even SCJs without irregularities were significantly more common in asymptomatic subjects compared with patients (50% versus 10%, p < .001) and were never found in patients with erosive esophagitis. The median degree of distal esophageal acid exposure in individuals with an even SCJ was within normal limits. With increasing degree of irregularity of the SCJ, the frequency and duration of reflux episodes, the degree of distal esophageal acid exposure, and the prevalence of abnormal acid exposure increased progressively and significantly. The shape of the normal SCJ is even and also minimal irregularities are a consequence of acid reflux, likely due to the formation of small areas of metaplastic columnar mucosa.

The numerology of gender: gendered perceptions of even and odd numbers.

PubMed

Wilkie, James E B; Bodenhausen, Galen V

2015-01-01

Do numbers have gender? Wilkie and Bodenhausen (2012) examined this issue in a series of experiments on perceived gender. They examined the perceived gender of baby faces and foreign names. Arbitrary numbers presented with these faces and names influenced their perceived gender. Specifically, odd numbers connoted masculinity, while even numbers connoted femininity. In two new studies (total N = 315), we further examined the gendering of numbers. The first study examined explicit ratings of 1-digit numbers. We confirmed that odd numbers seemed masculine while even numbers seemed feminine. Although both men and women showed this pattern, it was more pronounced among women. We also examined whether this pattern holds for automatic as well as deliberated reactions. Results of an Implicit Association Test showed that it did, but only among the women. The implicit and explicit patterns of numerical gender ascription were moderately correlated. The second study examined explicit perceptions of 2-digit numbers. Again, women viewed odd numbers as more masculine and less feminine than even numbers. However, men viewed 2-digit numbers as relatively masculine, regardless of whether they were even or odd. These results indicate that women and men impute gender to numbers in different ways and to different extents. We discuss possible implications for understanding how people relate to and are influenced by numbers in a variety of real-life contexts.

Educational Opportunities for the 2014 Opposition of Mars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Albin, Edward F.

2013-10-01

Mars reaches opposition and is well placed for public viewing on April 8, 2014 at 20:57 UT. The opposition timeline and educational opportunities are considered, with emphasis on programs presented at the Fernbank Science Center in Atlanta, Georgia. Educational programs include a planetarium presentation, observations of Mars through telescopes, and activities associated with the ongoing Curiosity Rover (MSL) / anticipated Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft. When at opposition in 2014, Mars will have an apparent diameter of 15.1 arcseconds and will be visible in the evening sky for a little over a year until it is lost in the glare of the Sun in late April 2015. At closest approach, the planet will be a bit more than 57 million miles (92 million kilometers) from the Earth. Mars is especially well placed in the evening sky for viewing between the months of March and May of 2014. During this period, the planet can be found in retrograde motion within the constellation pattern of Virgo. Fernbank Science Center will offer public viewing of Mars through the observatory’s 36-inch (0.9 meter) reflecting telescope on Thursday and Friday evenings. The observatory is open immediately after the evening planetarium program. We anticipate showing a fulldome planetarium presentation about Mars entitled, "Mars Quest," which includes a live update about the Red Planet and how to find it among the stars in the current evening sky.

Morning-to-evening differences in oxygen uptake kinetics in short-duration cycling exercise.

PubMed

Brisswalter, Jeanick; Bieuzen, François; Giacomoni, Magali; Tricot, Véronique; Falgairette, Guy

2007-01-01

This study analyzed diurnal variations in oxygen (O(2)) uptake kinetics and efficiency during a moderate cycle ergometer exercise. Fourteen physically active diurnally active male subjects (age 23+/-5 yrs) not specifically trained at cycling first completed a test to determine their ventilatory threshold (T(vent)) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2max)); one week later, they completed four bouts of testing in the morning and evening in a random order, each separated by at least 24 h. For each period of the day (07:00-08:30 h and 19:00-20:30 h), subjects performed two bouts. Each bout was composed of a 5 min cycling exercise at 45 W, followed after 5 min rest by a 10 min cycling exercise at 80% of the power output associated with T(vent). Gas exchanges were analyzed breath-by-breath and fitted using a mono-exponential function. During moderate exercise, the time constant and amplitude of VO(2) kinetics were significantly higher in the morning compared to the evening. The net efficiency increased from the morning to evening (17.3+/-4 vs. 20.5+/-2%; p<0.05), and the variability of cycling cadence was greater during the morning than evening (+34%; p<0.05). These findings suggest that VO(2) responses are affected by the time of day and could be related to variability in muscle activity pattern.

Management methods and silvicultural systems: what are they?

Treesearch

Richard M. Godman

1992-01-01

Terminology has often hindered rather than helped in the understanding of northern hardwood management. We have found that even among practicing professional foresters in the same part of a State, terms such as "management methods" and "silvicultural systems" mean different things to different individuals. This confusion is even worse between...

Standards Draw Heat in States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ujifusa, Andrew

2013-01-01

Opponents of the Common Core State Standards are ramping up legislative pressure and public relations efforts aimed at getting states to scale back--or even abandon--the high-profile initiative, even as implementation proceeds and tests aligned with the standards loom. Critics of the common core have focused recent lobbying and media efforts on…

Errors in Site Index Determination Caused by Tree Age Variation in Even-Aged Oak Stands

Treesearch

Robert A. McQuilkin

1975-01-01

Age deviations of individual trees in even-aged oak stands in Missouri caused variations in the height growth patterns and site index estimates of these younger or older trees. A correction factor for site index estimates on these age-deviant trees is given.

A Peanuty Dilemma

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoff, Dianne L.; Mitchell, Sidney N.

2010-01-01

Designing school accommodations for students with potentially life-threatening peanut allergies is a daunting challenge for schools. Parents of children with peanut allergies put a lot of pressure on schools to make them peanut-free, even though medical and legal experts say that is not a sound, or even workable, solution. One solution is to…

26 CFR 1.1275-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... reopening and aggregation rules. (g) Debt instruments issued by a natural person. If an entity is a primary... natural person even if a natural person is a co-maker and is jointly liable for the debt instrument's... entity even if the partnership is composed entirely of natural persons. (h) Publicly offered debt...

School Construction Progress

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kennedy, Mike

2012-01-01

Even though the economy has not bounced back, many education institutions have to provide additional space to accommodate increased enrollment or new programs, and even at schools and universities where the student population is stagnant or declining, some facilities are aging and outdated--as the cost of renovating or replacing them grows every…

Making rice even healthier!

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Rice is a naturally healthy food, but what if it could be made even healthier? Would Americans eat more rice if it could be advertised to be a 'New and Improved' source of calcium to promote bone growth, or iron to prevent anemia? Grocery stores are full of foods that are vitamin enhanced to attract...

JPRS Report, East Europe

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-11-15

independence but we have, after all, achieved success. We are in a position about which we could only dream not too long ago. We have achieved this without... lucidity and intelligibility, and they reflect the strength of the author’s convictions, even if these are at times dubious or even sound objectionable

A Guide to Intellectual Property Protection, Third Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minnesota Small Business Assistance Office, St. Paul.

Protecting an idea is often a difficult process. Some ideas and inventions cannot be protected, while others are eligible for only narrow or partial immunity from potential competition and imitation. Obtaining even minimal protection can often be expensive, time consuming, and ultimately result in uncertain or even negative benefits to the…

At the Crossroads of Hualapai History, Memory, and American Colonization: Contesting Space and Place

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shepherd, Jeffrey P.

2008-01-01

Standard, even "new Indian history" narratives of relocation and removal have generally avoided critical discussions of colonialism, memory, and space. Choosing instead to emphasize the important political, economic, social, and even cultural implications of such dislocations, much of what passes as "Indian" history fails to…

Methods of cutting ponderosa pine in the Southwest - Establishment report: Even-aged yield study, Plot 11

Treesearch

Gilbert H. Schubert

1963-01-01

The objectie of the study is to obtain information on the growth and yield of even-aged stands of different stocking levels. The plot will also serve as the start of a detailed growing stock study for the ponderosa pine region.

Operational Art and Intelligence: What is the Relationship?

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-05-22

operational art began with the even application of military science and art . Science is knowledge, and art is the creative application of knowledge. In this...intelligence, like operational art, evenly applies science and art . Science , or raw data collection, is synonymous with the gathering of quantitative elements in

49 CFR 178.812 - Top lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... renders the IBC, including the base pallets when applicable, unsafe for transportation, and no loss of... twice the maximum permissible gross mass with the load being evenly distributed. (2) Flexible IBC design types must be filled to six times the maximum net mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test...

49 CFR 178.812 - Top lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... renders the IBC, including the base pallets when applicable, unsafe for transportation, and no loss of... twice the maximum permissible gross mass with the load being evenly distributed. (2) Flexible IBC design types must be filled to six times the maximum net mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test...

49 CFR 178.812 - Top lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... renders the IBC, including the base pallets when applicable, unsafe for transportation, and no loss of... twice the maximum permissible gross mass with the load being evenly distributed. (2) Flexible IBC design types must be filled to six times the maximum net mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test...

49 CFR 178.812 - Top lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... renders the IBC, including the base pallets when applicable, unsafe for transportation, and no loss of... twice the maximum permissible gross mass with the load being evenly distributed. (2) Flexible IBC design types must be filled to six times the maximum net mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test...

Adolescents and Substance Abuse: Warning Signs and School Counseling Interventions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fuller, LaShonda B.

2012-01-01

Adolescence is a challenging time for many young persons. Navigating the academic, personal/social, and career planning challenges associated with adolescence indeed is challenging even with excellent school, family, and community support. For those adolescents struggling with substance use and abuse, these challenges become even greater. School…

Quantum Learning & Instructional Leadership in Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Le Tellier, John Parks

2006-01-01

Even the best principals and teachers need additional inspiration and energy to motivate students and even themselves. This handbook shows principals and teachers how to upgrade performance in the classroom and schoolwide. Using evidence-based strategies, John Le Tellier provides a catalog of practiced "moves" to help create an empowering…

Teaching Writing for Keeps

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alber-Morgan, Sheila R.; Hessler, Terri; Konrad, Moira

2007-01-01

Proficiency with written expression is critical for students' academic success. Unfortunately, writing presents a challenge for both students and teachers. Recent data suggest that many students in U.S. schools fail to meet even the most basic writing standards. And even when students receive effective (i.e., evidence-based) writing instruction,…

Feeding styles and evening family meals among recent immigrants

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The protective effect of family meals on unhealthy weight gain and diet has been shown across multiple age groups; however, it is unknown whether a similar effect is present among diverse immigrant populations. In addition, little research has focused on factors associated with the frequency of even...

Interconnecting with VIPs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collins, Robert

2013-01-01

Interconnectedness changes lives. It can even save lives. Recently the author got to witness and be part of something in his role as a teacher of primary science that has changed lives: it may even have saved lives. It involved primary science teaching--and the climate. Robert Collins describes how it is all interconnected. The "Toilet…

Sustaining a Vision of Rigor

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williamson, Ronald; Blackburn, Barbara R.

2010-01-01

Even with the best planning and supportive implementation, one's school will experience challenges to achieving its vision of increased rigor. One of today's most serious issues is how schools can improve when resources are stagnant or even declining. Virtually every school faces dwindling resources and is caught between the expectation that…

Commentary: Learner-Based Listening and Technological Authenticity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robin, Richard

2007-01-01

Language teachers know that even the best technology cannot provide the high degree of interaction required to acquire meaningful proficiency in a foreign language. Even the most polished packages available today cannot evaluate learner input and provide subtle shades of context-based feedback, except in the narrowest of circumstances. In this…

Supporting Diverse Young Adolescents: Cooperative Grouping in Inclusive Middle-Level Settings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Nicole C.; McKissick, Bethany R.; Ivy, Jessica T.; Moser, Kelly

2017-01-01

The middle level classroom presents unique challenges to educators who strive to provide opportunities that acknowledge learner diversity in terms of social, cognitive, physical, and emotional development. This is confounded even further within inclusive middle-school classrooms where the responsibility to differentiate instruction is even more…

"What Should I Do?" How Consultants Impact Adolescents' Risky Decisions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finken, Laura

2009-01-01

Consultation plays a key role in adolescents' risky decisions and influences what options and consequences are considered, how potential consequences are valued, and even what choices adolescents make. Even with impulsive decisions, informal consultation affects how likely an adolescent is to engage in risky behaviors. Unfortunately several…

LITERARY TRANSLATION IN THE CLASSROOM.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

BROWN, CALVIN S.

LITERARY TRANSLATION IN THE CLASSROOM CAN PROVOKE DISCUSSION WITH GREAT PEDAGOGICAL VALUE EVEN THOUGH A DEFINITIVE TRANSLATION IS NOT THE GOAL. A VERSE FROM HORACE AND ONE FROM DU BELLAY ILLUSTRATE THE POSSIBLE CHOICES OF VOCABULARY AND PHRASING WHICH EVEN TWO RELATIVELY STRAIGHTFORWARD LINES PRESENT. AN ALERT TEACHER CAN BRING OUT SUBTLETIES OF…

Resin-Powder Dispenser

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Standfield, Clarence E.

1994-01-01

Resin-powder dispenser used at NASA's Langley Research Center for processing of composite-material prepregs. Dispenser evenly distributes powder (resin polymer and other matrix materials in powder form) onto wet uncured prepregs. Provides versatility in distribution of solid resin in prepreg operation. Used wherever there is requirement for even, continuous distribution of small amount of powder.

Establishing even-age northern hardwood regeneration by the shelterwood method--a preliminary guide.

Treesearch

Richard M. Godman; Carl H. Tubbs

1973-01-01

The shelterwood system of regeneration with northern hardwoods is a reliable method of obtaining even-age stands of both tolerant and moderately tolerant species. Details of applying the two-cut system are described along with the necessary modifications for encouraging moderately tolerant species.

The Biggest Classroom in the Building

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuon, Tricia; Flores, Juanita; Pickett, Janie

2014-01-01

This article asks a thought provoking question: Do school librarians matter? The statistics would seem to indicate that many decision makers in many schools believe school librarians and even school libraries are expendable, even though the school library is often the largest classroom in a school. To start, school librarians are technology…

Collaborative Edge: How Helping Others Helps You

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hargreaves, Andy; Shirley, Dennis; Harris, Alma; Boyle, Alan

2010-01-01

Teachers might be working significantly more with one another, but principals are not. Superintendents might bring principals together for district meetings or even to expose their performance results to colleagues in public, but principal collaboration is too often trumped by district control. Even worse, more and more schools and their…

Individual tree growth models for natural even-aged shortleaf pine

Treesearch

Chakra B. Budhathoki; Thomas B. Lynch; James M. Guldin

2006-01-01

Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) measurements were available from permanent plots established in even-aged stands of the Ouachita Mountains for studying growth. Annual basal area growth was modeled with a least-squares nonlinear regression method utilizing three measurements. The analysis showed that the parameter estimates were in agreement...

Height growth and site index curves for managed even-aged stands of ponderosa pine in the Pacific Northwest

Treesearch

James W. Barrett

1978-01-01

This paper presents height growth and site index curves and equations for even-aged, managed stands of ponderosa pine east of the Cascade Range in Oregon and Washington where height growth has not been suppressed by high density or related factors.

34 CFR 200.80 - Migrant Education Even Start Program definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Migrant Education Even Start Program definition. 200.80 Section 200.80 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION TITLE I-IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE...

Classroom Integration of Technology: Are Teachers Understanding?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Galloway, Jerry P.

2007-01-01

Teachers continue to be trained following a ritualized approach for skills and competencies. But, a deeper understanding of fundamental concepts, improvement of problem-solving and high-order thinking skills and even the development of a contextual intuition can be even more important in becoming computer-using professionals. These factors as well…

Economics of data center optics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huff, Lisa

2016-03-01

Traffic to and from data centers is now reaching Zettabytes/year. Even the smallest of businesses now rely on data centers for revenue generation. And, the largest data centers today are orders of magnitude larger than the supercomputing centers of a few years ago. Until quite recently, for most data center managers, optical data centers were nice to dream about, but not really essential. Today, the all-optical data center - perhaps even an all-single mode fiber (SMF) data center is something that even managers of medium-sized data centers should be considering. Economical transceivers are the key to increased adoption of data center optics. An analysis of current and near future data center optics economics will be discussed in this paper.

Life and the laundromat: reflections on dirty linen and everyday private life.

PubMed

Lawler, J

1997-09-01

This is a paper in which I reflect on, and draw issues from, an unplanned ethnographic experience in a London laundromat. The concept of 'everyday life' has a kind of simple, even benign, quality. However, there are many events in everyday life that are complex and complicating. Everyday life can be mundane--boring even. But it can also confront and trouble us, even when it concerns such apparently ordinary matters like doing the laundry. This paper is about how the ordinary matters of everyday life can become problematic and how our involvement in them can confront us with dilemmas that are unwanted yet require our attention and judgement as participants in social life.

On E-discretization of tori of compact simple Lie groups. II

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hrivnák, Jiří; Juránek, Michal

2017-10-01

Ten types of discrete Fourier transforms of Weyl orbit functions are developed. Generalizing one-dimensional cosine, sine, and exponential, each type of the Weyl orbit function represents an exponential symmetrized with respect to a subgroup of the Weyl group. Fundamental domains of even affine and dual even affine Weyl groups, governing the argument and label symmetries of the even orbit functions, are determined. The discrete orthogonality relations are formulated on finite sets of points from the refinements of the dual weight lattices. Explicit counting formulas for the number of points of the discrete transforms are deduced. Real-valued Hartley orbit functions are introduced, and all ten types of the corresponding discrete Hartley transforms are detailed.

New algorithms for solving high even-order differential equations using third and fourth Chebyshev-Galerkin methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doha, E. H.; Abd-Elhameed, W. M.; Bassuony, M. A.

2013-03-01

This paper is concerned with spectral Galerkin algorithms for solving high even-order two point boundary value problems in one dimension subject to homogeneous and nonhomogeneous boundary conditions. The proposed algorithms are extended to solve two-dimensional high even-order differential equations. The key to the efficiency of these algorithms is to construct compact combinations of Chebyshev polynomials of the third and fourth kinds as basis functions. The algorithms lead to linear systems with specially structured matrices that can be efficiently inverted. Numerical examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the proposed algorithms, and some comparisons with some other methods are made.

On the Goldbach Conjecture

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Friedland, G.

2018-01-08

This note confirms Goldbach’s Conjecture from 1742. This is, every even integer greater than two is the sum of two prime numbers. An analysis of the nature of multiplication as description length reduction for addition precedes a contraposition that it is impossible to subtract any prime from a given even integer without the result ever being prime.

School Board Elections: A Study of Citizen Voting Patterns.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Townley, Arthur J.; And Others

1994-01-01

Compares voter turnout in California school board elections when elections were scheduled in even-numbered years rather than odd-numbered years. Findings from selected school districts since 1985 show significant differences in voter turnout depending on the year: 43.85% voter turnout occurred in even-numbered years compared to 20.79% in odd. (GLR)

Attempting to Answer a Meaningful Question Enhances Subsequent Learning Even When Feedback Is Delayed

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kornell, Nate

2014-01-01

Attempting to retrieve information from memory enhances subsequent learning even if the retrieval attempt is unsuccessful. Recent evidence suggests that this benefit materializes only if subsequent study occurs immediately after the retrieval attempt. Previous studies have prompted retrieval using a cue (e.g., "whale-???") that has no…

You Say "dientito," I Say "dentito": Navigating Complex Word Formation in Second Language Spanish

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carlson, Matthew T.; Gerfen, Chip

2017-01-01

Native speakers seamlessly marshal morphological resources to create new words, displaying striking consistency even where multiple options are available, as when a stem contains a phonological alternation. This is true even when these options appear to be idiosyncratically applied in existing words. For example, in derived words, the alternation…

Oklahoma City FILM Even Start Family Literacy Program Evaluation, 2000-2001.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richardson, Donna Castle; Shove, Joanie; Brickman, Sharon; Terrell, Sherry; Shields, Jane

This report presents findings from the evaluation of the Oklahoma City Public Schools Even Start Program, also called the Family Intergenerational Literacy Model (FILM), now in its twelfth full year of operation. The evaluation focuses on the total population of adult students, preschoolers, adult graduates, and preschool graduates. The…

From Rags to Riches

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sweet, Colleen

2008-01-01

In this article, the author presents the "Rags to Riches" design project she introduced to her students. She assigned each of her students one item from an array to thrift store goods which included old scarves, sweaters, jackets, and even evening gowns. The design problem was to imagine what a clothing tag might look like if the assigned item…

Two-Year-Old Children Interpret Abstract, Purely Geometric Maps

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Winkler-Rhoades, Nathan; Carey, Susan C.; Spelke, Elizabeth S.

2013-01-01

In two experiments, 2.5-year-old children spontaneously used geometric information from 2D maps to locate objects in a 3D surface layout, without instruction or feedback. Children related maps to their corresponding layouts even though the maps differed from the layouts in size, mobility, orientation, dimensionality, and perspective, and even when…

Critical and Transformative Literacies: Music and General Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Benedict, Cathy L.

2012-01-01

Even though there are multiple literacies, the preoccupation and even reliance on the primacy of functional literacy, as seen as an end-point in the formal process of schooling, masks an ideology that rarely goes interrogated throughout all disciplines. This article considers the obligation and structure of functional literacy, and, in particular,…

Friction and work function oscillatory behavior for an even and odd number of layers in polycrystalline MoS 2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lavini, Francesco; Calò, Annalisa; Gao, Yang

We report on a new oscillatory behavior of nanoscopic friction in continuous polycrystalline MoS 2 films for an odd and even number of atomic layers, related to the different in-plane polarization of crystalline grains and different capability of absorbing charged molecules.

Even Superheroes Need Help

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sussman, Mel

2018-01-01

It is not clear exactly when school leaders first started wearing an "S" on their chests and began defiantly uttering the phrase, "I can do it all myself!" But after days, weeks, months, or even years of racing wildly from task to task, many a superhero principal has come to the stark realization that nothing could be further…

Some economic considerations in thinning Douglas-fir.

Treesearch

Norman P. Worthington

1957-01-01

Many thousands of acres of young Douglas-fir stands in western Washington are ready for commercial thinning. This is true even after liberal allowance is made for premerchantable and under stocked stands, unfavorable topography, and lack of markets. However, with but few exceptions, regular systematic thinning is not being practiced even in favorably located, operable...

The Computation of Color

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-01

even though the light they reflect to the eye varies over time, space, and spectrum. A red apple is red at morning or evening, under skylight or...That is, lightness algorithms will ’see’ a dull red patch against a range of green patches as lighter than when against a range of red patches under the

Economic evaluation of Eucalypt energy plantations

Treesearch

Richard B. Standiford; F. Thomas Ledig

1983-01-01

An analysis is made of the break-even price at a 6 percent and 10 percent real interest rate for "intensive" and "minimally managed" scenarios for managing eucalypt energy plantations. The break-even price is greater than the average stumpage price reported for firewood and chipwood by the State Board of Equalization. However, a conversion surplus...

21 CFR 310.3 - Definitions and interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... proportion of a substance in a combination, even though such combination containing such substance in other proportion is not a new drug. (4) The newness of use of such drug in diagnosing, curing, mitigating, treating, or preventing a disease, or to affect a structure or function of the body, even though such drug is...

21 CFR 310.3 - Definitions and interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... proportion of a substance in a combination, even though such combination containing such substance in other proportion is not a new drug. (4) The newness of use of such drug in diagnosing, curing, mitigating, treating, or preventing a disease, or to affect a structure or function of the body, even though such drug is...

21 CFR 310.3 - Definitions and interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... proportion of a substance in a combination, even though such combination containing such substance in other proportion is not a new drug. (4) The newness of use of such drug in diagnosing, curing, mitigating, treating, or preventing a disease, or to affect a structure or function of the body, even though such drug is...

21 CFR 510.3 - Definitions and interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... intended drug use of the proportion of a substance in a combination, even though such combination containing such substance in other proportion is not a new animal drug; (4) the newness for its intended drug..., mitigating, treating, or preventing a disease, or to affect a structure or function of the animal body, even...

Two-Year-Olds Will Name Artifacts by Their Functions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Deborah G. Kemler; Russell, Rachel; Duke, Nell; Jones, Kate

2000-01-01

Three studies examined lexical categorization in 2-year- olds. Findings indicated that even with minimal opportunities to familiarize themselves with novel artifacts, children generalized their names in accordance with the objects' functions, even when they had to discover the functions on their own or when all the test objects had some…

Children in Families at Risk. Maintaining the Connections.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Combrinck-Graham, Lee, Ed.

This volume describes actual programs that are based on the idea that family connections are substantial resources for healing and recovery even when the family is a very troubled one. With a focus on severely damaged families, these programs attempt to keep children connected with their own families even when circumstances prevent their living…

Turning Points in Even Start Programs. Occasional Paper #4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rasinski, Timothy; Padak, Nancy

To investigate the initial experiences of the various Even Start programs, a project developed a survey that was sent to program coordinators in Ohio. It asked open-ended questions to get descriptions and perceptions of situations that preceded turning point events and the turning point events themselves. Data from eight programs highlighted their…

When It Takes a Bad Person to Do the Right Thing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Uhlmann, Eric Luis; Zhu, Luke; Tannenbaum, David

2013-01-01

Three studies demonstrate that morally praiseworthy behavior can signal negative information about an agent's character. In particular, consequentialist decisions such as sacrificing one life to save an even greater number of lives can lead to unfavorable character evaluations, even when they are viewed as the preferred course of action. In Study…

Heartwood formation in four black walnut plantations

Treesearch

Keith Woeste; Brian Beheler

2003-01-01

The amount of heartwood in black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) logs can vary widely, even among trees of the same age growing at the same location. There is little published data on the genetics, physiology, and development of heartwood in hardwoods, even though the volume of heartwood in a log can significantly influence its value.

Morningness/Eveningness and School Performance among Spanish Adolescents: Further Evidence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Escribano, Cristina; Diaz-Morales, Juan Francisco; Delgado, Pedro; Collado, Ma. Jose

2012-01-01

Adolescents shift their time of day preferences from morning to evening during puberty when school schedule becomes earlier. Given that a better performance is obtained when individuals are tested at times that are in synchrony with their chronotype, and optimal sleep duration is positively associated with academic performance, evening-types may…

A Holistic Approach to Develop IS Curricula: Focusing on Accreditation and IT Certification

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Al-Rawi, Akram; Lansari, Azzedine; Bouslama, Faouzi

2005-01-01

Academic institutions worldwide are constantly trying to refine or even reinvent their Information Systems (IS) curricula to address the needs of industry and government. As many IS curricula emerge, a number of them do not satisfy well recognized standards and even lack critical components. Furthermore, a highly competitive Information Technology…

Development of understory tree vegetation after thinning naturally occurring shortleaf pine forests

Treesearch

K.C. Anup; Thomas B. Lynch; Douglas Stevenson; Duncan Wilson; James M. Guldin; Bob Heinemann; Randy Holeman; Dennis Wilson; Keith Anderson

2015-01-01

During the 25 years since establishment of more than 200 growth study plots in even-aged, naturally regenerated shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) forests, there has been considerable development of hardwood understory trees, shrubs, and some shortleaf pine regeneration. During the period from 1985-1987, even-aged shortleaf pine growth-study...

Why the Faulhaber Polynomials Are Sums of Even or Odd Powers of (n + 1/2)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hersh, Reuben

2012-01-01

By extending Faulhaber's polynomial to negative values of n, the sum of the p'th powers of the first n integers is seen to be an even or odd polynomial in (n + 1/2) and therefore expressible in terms of the sum of the first n integers.

Does Interest in Watching the Night-Sky Correlate with Morning-Evening Orientation? A Brief Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelly, William E.

2007-01-01

This article reports two studies investigating the relationship between noctcaelador (psychological attachment to the nightsky), and morning-evening preferences. Study 1 examined the relationship between the Noctcaelador Inventory (Kelly, 2004) and a shortened form of the Horne and Ostberg Morning-Eveningness Questionnaire (Chelminski, Petros,…

Asking the Right Questions: How to Select an Informal Reading Inventory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flippo, Rona F.; Holland, Dari-Ann D.; McCarthy, Mary T.; Swinning, Elizabeth A.

2009-01-01

Informal classroom assessments remain essential tools for improving the instruction of students, even in an age of accountability testing. This article focuses specifically on Informal Reading Inventories (IRIs). Even though the growing number of commercially available IRIs has made choosing the ones most suitable for students' and teachers' needs…

Hearing Aids

MedlinePlus

... of pulling off wearing a hearing aid (or making others forget it's there) is by acting like you don't even notice it. If you continue to be ... of them than other people are. Most people don't even notice that someone is ... about them. They'll be too busy thinking about you as a person — what you' ...

Prospects for Gene Therapy in the Fragile X Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rattazzi, Mario C.; LaFauci, Giuseppe; Brown, W. Ted

2004-01-01

Gene therapy is unarguably the definitive way to treat, and possibly cure, genetic diseases. A straightforward concept in theory, in practice it has proven difficult to realize, even when directed to easily accessed somatic cell systems. Gene therapy for diseases in which the central nervous system (CNS) is the target organ presents even greater…

Sustaining the productivity of planted forests

Treesearch

R.F. Powers; A.E. Tiarks; J.A. Burger; M.C. Carter

1996-01-01

Conversion of natural forests to plantations, particularly in the tropics, has drawn global attention and concern. Moreover, plantation forestry is on the rise, especially in tropical and subtropical regions where growth rates are rapid. Even in the United States, where even-age silviculture is being deemphasized on public land (only about 15 percent of all plantings...

Height prediction equations for even-aged upland oak stands

Treesearch

Donald E. Hilt; Martin E. Dale

1982-01-01

Forest growth models that use predicted tree diameters or diameter distributions require a reliable height-prediction model to obtain volume estimates because future height-diameter relationships will not necessarily be the same as the present height-diameter relationship. A total tree height prediction equation for even-aged upland oak stands is presented. Predicted...

Academic Librarians Engage with Assessment Methods and Tools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Savage, Devin; Piotrowski, Pattie; Massengale, Lisa

2017-01-01

Many academic libraries have actively sought to articulate their value to campus stakeholders for well over a decade, and this demonstration of utility has become even more necessary as college and university budgets are scrutinized and even imperiled. This article will examine the experience of several academic libraries that have sought multiple…

Integrating Academic Journal Review Assignments into a Graduate Business Leadership Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schultz, Jennifer L.; Agrimonti, Lisa M.; Higbee, Jeanne L.

2016-01-01

Graduate course assignments that are pragmatic, challenging, scaffold prior learning, and support academic career aspirations can be difficult to create and even more problematic to assess for even the most experienced faculty. This paper presents a class assignment that incorporated a real-world journal reviewing assignment into an elective…

Friction and work function oscillatory behavior for an even and odd number of layers in polycrystalline MoS 2

DOE PAGES

Lavini, Francesco; Calò, Annalisa; Gao, Yang; ...

2018-01-01

We report on a new oscillatory behavior of nanoscopic friction in continuous polycrystalline MoS 2 films for an odd and even number of atomic layers, related to the different in-plane polarization of crystalline grains and different capability of absorbing charged molecules.

The Argumentative Connective "Meme" in French: An Experimental Study in Eight- to Ten-Year-Old Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bassano, Dominique; Champaud, Christian

1989-01-01

Examines how children understand the argumentative function of the French connective meme (even). Two completion tasks, related to the argumentative properties of the morpheme, were used: 1) to infer the conclusion of an "even" sentence, and 2) to infer the argument position. (34 references) (Author/CB)

Pascal's Triangle: 100% of the Numbers Are Even!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bhindi, Nayan; McMenamin, Justin

2010-01-01

Pascal's triangle is an arrangement of the binomial coefficients in a triangle. Each number inside Pascal's triangle is calculated by adding the two numbers above it. When all the odd integers in Pascal's triangle are highlighted (black) and the remaining evens are left blank (white), one of many patterns in Pascal's triangle is displayed. By…

Faculty Expressions of (No) Confidence in Institutional Leadership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frantz, Alan C.; Lawson, Jonathan N.

2017-01-01

Although institutions of higher education rarely crumble and fall in the wake of votes of no confidence in their leadership--in presidents, senior administrators, or even governing boards--those expressions of discontent do have meaning. They suggest something awry at the institution, and even the potential to precipitate change. They also present…

Picker versus stripper harvesters on the High Plains of Texas

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

A break even analysis based on NPV was conducted to compare picker-based and stripper-based harvest systems with and without field cleaners. Under no conditions analyzed was the NPV of a stripper system without a field cleaner greater than a stripper system with a field cleaner. Break even curves re...

Break-Even Point for a Proof Slip Operation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, James F.

1972-01-01

Break-even analysis is applied to determine what magnitude of titles added per year is sufficient to utilize economically Library of Congress proof slips and a Xerox 914 copying machine in the cataloging operation of a library. A formula is derived, and an example of its use is given. (1 reference) (Author/SJ)

Literacy Engagement and Parental Development through Even Start Family Literacy Participation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinson, Petra A.

2012-01-01

This study examined how parental participation in Even Start programs contributes to family literacy engagement and parental development. More specifically, its primary aim was to develop an understanding of how parental participation in the program influences their reading behaviors and other literacy practices as well as to highlight observed…

Critical Research and the Future of Literacy Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morrell, Ernest

2009-01-01

This commentary argues for a specific conception of research, what the author and others call "critical research." The author asserts that critical research can help educators to identify quality teaching in literacy classrooms even as it helps to refine (or even redefine) their notions of curricula, pedagogy, literacy, and achievement. Here, the…

Current level detector

DOEpatents

Kerns, Cordon R.

1977-01-01

A device is provided for detecting the current level of a DC signal. It includes an even harmonic modulator to which a reference AC signal is applied. The unknown DC signal acts on the reference AC signal so that the output of the modulator includes an even harmonic whose amplitude is proportional to the unknown DC current.

Retiree Obligations Cloud Fiscal Horizon

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McNeil, Michele

2008-01-01

Even as they grapple with budget pressures from a sagging national economy, states are being forced to make tough decisions on how they will cope with an even more severe longterm fiscal concern: a projected price tag pushing $3 trillion to pay the pensions and health insurance of retired teachers and other government employees. Those commitments…

Why We Test Students for Drugs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brady, Lisa A.

2008-01-01

Today, there is a collective national awareness that an unacceptable number of teens are involved in the use of dangerous drugs such as methamphetamine, ecstasy, and heroin, and they have access to high-grade marijuana. Alcohol use, even more pervasive, results in risky sexual behaviors, automobile accidents, and even death. To the dismay of many…

College in Paradise! (Paradise Valley Shopping Mall).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schoolland, Lucile B.

Rio Salado Community College (RSCC), a non-campus college within the Maricopa Community College District, offers hundreds of day, late afternoon, and evening classes at locations throughout the county. The Paradise Valley community had always participated heavily in the evening classes offered by RSCC at local high schools. In fall 1982, an effort…

Executive Searches and the Use of Consultants

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Atwell, Robert H.

2009-01-01

Formerly, search consultants were used in higher education at only a small number of institutions--and even there, only when recruiting presidents. But over the years, the industry has grown to the point that many large and small firms now compete for higher education searches, including ones for administrators and even some for endowed faculty,…

Genetic evidence of hybridization between Onothera wolfii (Wolf's evening primrose) and O. glaziovana, a garden escape

Treesearch

Jennifer DeWoody; Leonel Arguello; David Imper; Robert D. Westfall; Valerie D. Hipkins

2008-01-01

Isozyme analysis of the rare Oenothera wolfii (Wolf's evening primrose) and the garden escape, O. glazioviana, indicates that hybridization between these species may be more widespread than morphological evidence indicates. Although both species contained low amounts of genetic variation, unique alleles were identified in...

What REALLY Works: Optimizing Classroom Discussions to Promote Comprehension and Critical-Analytic Thinking

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murphy, P. Karen; Firetto, Carla M.; Wei, Liwei; Li, Mengyi; Croninger, Rachel M. V.

2016-01-01

Many American students struggle to perform even basic comprehension of text, such as locating information, determining the main idea, or supporting details of a story. Even more students are inadequately prepared to complete more complex tasks, such as critically or analytically interpreting information in text or making reasoned decisions from…

Energy analysis and break-even distance for transportation for biofuels in comparison to fossil fuels

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In the present analysis various forms fuel from biomass and fossil sources, their mass and energy densities, and their break-even transportation distances to transport them effectively were analyzed. This study gives an insight on how many times more energy spent on transporting the fuels to differe...

When It Pays to Pay for Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldsborough, Reid

2004-01-01

There comes a time when one asks even of Yahoo, even of Google, "Is this all?" Yahoo and Google do an admirable job of categorizing the Internet and making its contents more accessible. But ultimately they're search tools, not research tools. There's a great deal of information not on the Internet, particularly thoroughly researched,…

What Will Colleges Do when the Bubble Bursts?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shaw, Jane S.

2011-01-01

The problem facing American colleges and universities is larger than even the term "bubble" implies. A bursting bubble would force change on the more than four thousand postsecondary institutions in the United States, but something even more destructive is going to hit higher education, probably at the same time. The major sign that a…

Making Extensive Reading Even More Student Centered

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobs, George M.; Renandya, Willy A.

2015-01-01

This article begins by explaining the student centered learning paradigm. Next, the article explains various features of a student centered approach to education and how extensive reading (ER), as it is most often practiced, fits with those features. The bulk of the article suggests how ER might be implemented to make it even more learner centered.

Handedness and Motor Programming Effects of Manual Control and Movement

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-09-01

the Upper Paleolithic (about 35,000 B.C. to 4 8,000 B.C.) also show patterns of wear consistent with right-handed use (Semenov, 1964). Similarly...tools from an even earlier period (Lower Paleolithic ---50,000 to 100,000 year ago) exhibited wear patterns corresponding to use by the right hand. Even

Effectiveness of an Orientation and Counseling Program for Adult Evening Students at Drake University.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCannon, Roger S.

Literature on counseling adult college students is extremely limited; few if any training programs are currently operating with the purpose of preparing counseling specialists in adult education. Moreover, college/university orientation programs for new entering adult part-time evening students are virtually nonexistent. Recognizing the need for…

76 FR 14904 - Executive-Led Trade Mission to Afghanistan

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-18

... event) Day One (weekend) Travel Day--Depart U.S. on evening flight Day Two Travel Day--Participants arrive in transit city (tbd) and overnight in pre-arranged departure from transit city Day Three Travel... Business Appointments (optional) Travel Day--Depart for the U.S. (evening) Day Seven Travel Day--Arrive in...

Education? What, You Really Don't Know Anything?!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Safronov, P. A.

2015-01-01

Contemporary society makes it even harder to reflect upon the issues of education, as more and more people get higher education, and even study at professional retraining programs. The rise of popularity of online education platforms poses another set of concerns and confounds the traditionally clear model of educational relationship between the…

Team Work: Time well Spent

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore Johnson, Susan; Reinhorn, Stefanie K.; Simon, Nicole S.

2016-01-01

Teachers in high-poverty schools often feel stressed and fatigued. We might expect that if we ask these teachers to take on even more work by meeting regularly in collaborative improvement teams, they will respond with skepticism, even resentment. But in a study of 83 teachers in six outstanding high-poverty schools, these researchers found the…

Homeschooling Worries: Trusting That the Dots Will Connect

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rivero, Lisa

2012-01-01

Homeschooling parents worry a lot. And homeschooling parents of gifted children seem to worry even more than most. Parents who homeschool intense, smart, sensitive, and perfectionist children and teens are often themselves intense, smart, sensitive, and perfectionistic, even if they don't always think of themselves as gifted. One shouldn't be too…

Student Diversity Requires Different Approaches to College Teaching, Even in Math and Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Craig E.

1996-01-01

Asserts that traditional teaching methods are unintentionally biased towards the elite and against many non-traditional students. Outlines several easily accessible changes in teaching methods that have fostered dramatic changes in student performance with no change in standards. These approaches have proven effective even in the fields of…

A survival model for individual shortleaf pine trees in even-aged natural stands

Treesearch

Thomas B. Lynch; Michael M. Huebschmann; Paul A. Murphy

2000-01-01

A model was developed that predicts the probability of survival for individual shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) trees growing in even-aged natural stands. Data for model development were obtained from the first two measurements of permanently established plots located in naturally occurring shortleaf pine forests on the Ouachita and...

Family Learning Nights Raise Scientific Interest

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greygoose, Kirsten

2014-01-01

How can pupils and parents be engaged in science? This author describes holding an astronomy evening with Dr. Johanna Jarvis to coincide with the BBC's "Stargazing Live." The author briefly shares an account of the success of this first of many evening events. Engaging pupils in science at an early age has the potential to change social…

Teaching Large Evening Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wambuguh, Oscar

2008-01-01

High enrollments, conflicting student work schedules, and the sheer convenience of once-a-week classes are pushing many colleges to schedule evening courses. Held from 6 to 9 pm or 7 to 10 pm, these classes are typically packed, sometimes with more than 150 students in a large lecture theater. How can faculty effectively teach, control, or even…

A Study of Odd- and Even-Number Cultures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nishiyama, Yutaka

2006-01-01

Japanese prefer odd numbers, whereas Westerners emphasize even numbers, an observation that is clear from the distribution of number-related words in Japanese and English dictionaries. In this article, the author explains why these two cultures differ by surveying the history of numbers, including yin-yang thought from ancient China, ancient Greek…

Even Wars Have Laws: Upholding an American Tradition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adhihetty, T. J.

2010-01-01

Since the founding of this nation, Americans have lived by the belief that wars have laws. Even in the most morally-challenging times, the principles of international humanitarian law (IHL)--which provide basic protections for the vulnerable, such as civilians, prisoners of war, and sick and injured combatants--have been championed by leaders like…

Exploring Novel Forms of Superconductivity

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-10-19

quasiparticle peak is absent at ω = 0 even in the thickest slab because out-of-plane correlations are treated on a mean-field level. To see the relation between...carriers transforming from an insulator to a metal through a ”bad” metal phase. Notice, the sharp quasiparticle peak is absent at ω = 0 even in the

Exposure to bright light biases effort-based decisions.

PubMed

Bijleveld, Erik; Knufinke, Melanie

2018-06-01

Secreted in the evening and the night, melatonin suppresses activity of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, a brain pathway involved in reward processing. However, exposure to bright light diminishes-or even prevents-melatonin secretion. Thus, we hypothesized that reward processing, in the evening, is more pronounced in bright light (vs. dim light). Healthy human participants carried out three tasks that tapped into various aspects of reward processing (effort expenditure for rewards task [EEfRT]; two-armed bandit task [2ABT]; balloon analogue risk task [BART). Brightness was manipulated within-subjects (bright vs. dim light), in separate evening sessions. During the EEfRT, participants used reward-value information more strongly when they were exposed to bright light (vs. dim light). This finding supported our hypothesis. However, exposure to bright light did not significantly affect task behavior on the 2ABT and the BART. While future research is necessary (e.g., to zoom in on working mechanisms), these findings have potential implications for the design of physical work environments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Observations of the Early Evening Boundary-Layer Transition Using a Small Unmanned Aerial System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bonin, Timothy; Chilson, Phillip; Zielke, Brett; Fedorovich, Evgeni

2013-01-01

The evolution of the lower portion of the planetary boundary layer is investigated using the Small Multifunction Research and Teaching Sonde (SMARTSonde), an unmanned aerial vehicle developed at the University of Oklahoma. The study focuses on the lowest 200 m of the atmosphere, where the most noticeable thermodynamic changes occur during the day. Between October 2010 and February 2011, a series of flights was conducted during the evening hours on several days to examine the vertical structure of the lower boundary layer. Data from a nearby Oklahoma Mesonet tower was used to supplement the vertical profiles of temperature, humidity, and pressure, which were collected approximately every 30 min, starting 2 h before sunset and continuing until dusk. From the profiles, sensible and latent heat fluxes were estimated. These fluxes were used to diagnose the portion of the boundary layer that was most affected by the early evening transition. During the transition period, a shallow cool and moist layer near the ground was formed, and as the evening progressed the cooling affected an increasingly shallower layer just above the surface.

Shape transition with temperature of the pear-shaped nuclei in covariant density functional theory

DOE PAGES

Zhang, Wei; Niu, Yi-Fei

2017-11-10

The shape evolutions of the pear-shaped nucleimore » $$^{224}$$Ra and even-even $$^{144-154}$$Ba with temperature are investigated by the finite-temperature relativistic mean field theory with the treatment of pairing correlations by the BCS approach. We study the free energy surfaces as well as the bulk properties including deformations, pairing gaps, excitation energy, and specific heat for the global minimum. For $$^{224}$$Ra, three discontinuities found in the specific heat curve indicate the pairing transition at temperature 0.4 MeV, and two shape transitions at temperatures 0.9 and 1.0 MeV, namely one from quadrupole-octupole deformed to quadrupole deformed, and the other from quadrupole deformed to spherical. Furthermore, the gaps at $N$=136 and $Z$=88 are responsible for stabilizing the octupole-deformed global minimum at low temperatures. Similar pairing transition at $$T\\sim$$0.5 MeV and shape transitions at $T$=0.5-2.2 MeV are found for even-even $$^{144-154}$$Ba. Finally, the transition temperatures are roughly proportional to the corresponding deformations at the ground states.« less

Automatic vehicle counting using background subtraction method on gray scale images and morphology operation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adi, K.; Widodo, A. P.; Widodo, C. E.; Pamungkas, A.; Putranto, A. B.

2018-05-01

Traffic monitoring on road needs to be done, the counting of the number of vehicles passing the road is necessary. It is more emphasized for highway transportation management in order to prevent efforts. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system that is able to counting the number of vehicles automatically. Video processing method is able to counting the number of vehicles automatically. This research has development a system of vehicle counting on toll road. This system includes processes of video acquisition, frame extraction, and image processing for each frame. Video acquisition is conducted in the morning, at noon, in the afternoon, and in the evening. This system employs of background subtraction and morphology methods on gray scale images for vehicle counting. The best vehicle counting results were obtained in the morning with a counting accuracy of 86.36 %, whereas the lowest accuracy was in the evening, at 21.43 %. Differences in morning and evening results are caused by different illumination in the morning and evening. This will cause the values in the image pixels to be different.

Climate mediates the effects of disturbance on ant assemblage structure

PubMed Central

Gibb, Heloise; Sanders, Nathan J.; Dunn, Robert R.; Watson, Simon; Photakis, Manoli; Abril, Silvia; Andersen, Alan N.; Angulo, Elena; Armbrecht, Inge; Arnan, Xavier; Baccaro, Fabricio B.; Bishop, Tom R.; Boulay, Raphael; Castracani, Cristina; Del Toro, Israel; Delsinne, Thibaut; Diaz, Mireia; Donoso, David A.; Enríquez, Martha L.; Fayle, Tom M.; Feener, Donald H.; Fitzpatrick, Matthew C.; Gómez, Crisanto; Grasso, Donato A.; Groc, Sarah; Heterick, Brian; Hoffmann, Benjamin D.; Lach, Lori; Lattke, John; Leponce, Maurice; Lessard, Jean-Philippe; Longino, John; Lucky, Andrea; Majer, Jonathan; Menke, Sean B.; Mezger, Dirk; Mori, Alessandra; Munyai, Thinandavha C.; Paknia, Omid; Pearce-Duvet, Jessica; Pfeiffer, Martin; Philpott, Stacy M.; de Souza, Jorge L. P.; Tista, Melanie; Vasconcelos, Heraldo L.; Vonshak, Merav; Parr, Catherine L.

2015-01-01

Many studies have focused on the impacts of climate change on biological assemblages, yet little is known about how climate interacts with other major anthropogenic influences on biodiversity, such as habitat disturbance. Using a unique global database of 1128 local ant assemblages, we examined whether climate mediates the effects of habitat disturbance on assemblage structure at a global scale. Species richness and evenness were associated positively with temperature, and negatively with disturbance. However, the interaction among temperature, precipitation and disturbance shaped species richness and evenness. The effect was manifested through a failure of species richness to increase substantially with temperature in transformed habitats at low precipitation. At low precipitation levels, evenness increased with temperature in undisturbed sites, peaked at medium temperatures in disturbed sites and remained low in transformed sites. In warmer climates with lower rainfall, the effects of increasing disturbance on species richness and evenness were akin to decreases in temperature of up to 9°C. Anthropogenic disturbance and ongoing climate change may interact in complicated ways to shape the structure of assemblages, with hot, arid environments likely to be at greatest risk. PMID:25994675

Climate disruption and biodiversity.

PubMed

Pimm, Stuart L

2009-07-28

'Global warming' may be a familiar term, but it is seriously misleading. Human actions are causing a massive disruption to the planet's climate that is severe, rapid, very variable over space and time, and highly complex. The biosphere itself is complex and its responses to even simple changes are difficult to predict in detail. One can likely only be certain that many changes will be unexpected and some unfortunate. Even the simple, slow warming of the climate will produce complex consequences to species numbers and distributions because of how species depend on each other. An alternative approach to worrying about details is to concentrate on understanding the most significant ecological changes, ones that are irreversible--so-called 'tipping points'. Once such a point has been passed, even if society managed to restore historical climatic conditions, it might not restore the historical ecological patterns. Nowhere is this more obvious than in the loss of species, for we cannot recreate them. Climate disruptions may cause the loss of a large fraction of the planet's biodiversity, even if the only mechanism were to be species ranges moving uphill as temperatures rise.

Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors reduce evening home blood pressure in type 2 diabetes with nephropathy.

PubMed

Takenaka, Tsuneo; Kishimoto, Miyako; Ohta, Mari; Tomonaga, Osamu; Suzuki, Hiromichi

2017-05-01

The effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors on home blood pressure were examined in type 2 diabetes with nephropathy. The patients with diabetic nephropathy were screened from medical records in our hospitals. Among them, 52 patients who measured home blood pressure and started to take sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors were selected. Clinical parameters including estimated glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria and home blood pressure for 6 months were analysed. Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors (luseogliflozin 5 mg/day or canagliflozin 100 mg/day) reduced body weight, HbA1c, albuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate and office blood pressure. Although sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors did not alter morning blood pressure, it reduced evening systolic blood pressure. Regression analyses revealed that decreases in evening blood pressure predicted decrements in albuminuria. The present data suggest that sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors suppress sodium overload during daytime to reduce evening blood pressure and albuminuria.

Branching ratios of α-decay to ground and excited states of Fm, Cf, Cm and Pu

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hassanabadi, H.; Hosseini, S. S.

2018-06-01

We use the well-known Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) barrier penetration probability to calculate α-decay branching ratios for ground and excited states of heavy even-even nuclei of Fermium (248-254Fm), Californium (244-252Cf), Curium (238-248Cm) and Plutonium (234-244Pu) with 94 ≤Zp ≤100. We obtained the branching ratios for the excited states of daughter nucleus by the α-decay energy (Qα), the angular momentum of α-particle (ℓα), and the excitation probability of the daughter nucleus with the excitation energy of state ℓ in the daughter nucleus (i.e. Eℓ*). α-Decay half-lives have been evaluated by using the proximity potential model for the heavy even-even nuclei. We have reported the half-lives and compared the results with the experimental data. The theoretical branching ratios of α-transitions in our calculation are found to agree with the available experimental data well for 0+→ 0+, 0+→ 2+, 0+→ 4+, 0+→ 6+ and 0+ → 8+α-transitions.

Stability of superheavy nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pomorski, K.; Nerlo-Pomorska, B.; Bartel, J.; Schmitt, C.

2018-03-01

The potential-energy surfaces of an extended set of heavy and superheavy even-even nuclei with 92 ≤Z ≤126 and isospins 40 ≤N -Z ≤74 are evaluated within the recently developed Fourier shape parametrization. Ground-state and decay properties are studied for 324 different even-even isotopes in a four-dimensional deformation space, defined by nonaxiality, quadrupole, octupole, and hexadecapole degrees of freedom. Nuclear deformation energies are evaluated in the framework of the macroscopic-microscopic approach, with the Lublin-Strasbourg drop model and a Yukawa-folded mean-field potential. The evolution of the ground-state equilibrium shape (and possible isomeric, metastable states) is studied as a function of Z and N . α -decay Q values and half-lives, as well as fission-barrier heights, are deduced. In order to understand the transition from asymmetric to symmetric fission along the Fm isotopic chain, the properties of all identified fission paths are investigated. Good agreement is found with experimental data wherever available. New interesting features about the population of different fission modes for nuclei beyond Fm are predicted.

Zooming into daily life: within-person associations between physical activity and affect in young adults.

PubMed

Haas, Petra; Schmid, Johanna; Stadler, Gertraud; Reuter, Merle; Gawrilow, Caterina

2017-05-01

Negative affect in daily life is linked to poorer mental and physical health. Activity could serve as an effective, low-cost intervention to improve affect. However, few prior studies have assessed physical activity and affect in everyday life, limiting the ecological validity of prior findings. This study investigates whether daily activity is associated with negative and positive evening affect in young adults. Young adults (N = 189, Mdn = 23.00) participated in an intensive longitudinal study over 10 consecutive days. Participants wore accelerometers to objectively assess moderate-to-vigorous physical activity continuously throughout the day and reported their affect in time-stamped online evening diaries before going to sleep. On days when participants engaged in more activity than usual, they reported not only less depressed and angry evening affect but also more vigour and serenity in the evening. Young adults showed both less negative and more positive affect on days with more activity. Physical activity is a promising health promotion strategy for physical and mental well-being.

Gene Expression Profiling of Evening Fatigue in Women Undergoing Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer

PubMed Central

Kober, Kord M.; Dunn, Laura; Mastick, Judy; Cooper, Bruce; Langford, Dale; Melisko, Michelle; Venook, Alan; Chen, Lee-May; Wright, Fay; Hammer, Marilyn J.; Schmidt, Brian L.; Levine, Jon; Miaskowski, Christine; Aouizerat, Bradley E.

2017-01-01

Moderate to severe fatigue occurs in 14% to 96% of oncology patients undergoing active treatment. Current interventions for fatigue are not efficacious. A major impediment to the development of effective treatments is a lack of understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying fatigue. In the current study, differences in phenotypic characteristics and gene expression profiles were evaluated in a sample of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy (CTX) who reported low (n=19) and high (n=25) levels of evening fatigue. Compared to the low group, patients in the high evening fatigue group reported lower functional status scores, higher comorbidity scores, and fewer prior cancer treatments. One gene was identified as up-regulated and eleven genes were identified to be down-regulated in the high evening fatigue group. Gene set analysis found 24 down-regulated and 94 simultaneously up and down perturbed pathways between the two fatigue groups. Transcript Origin Analysis found that differential expression originated primarily from monocytes and dendritic cell types. Query of public data sources found 18 gene expression experiments with similar differential expression profiles. Our analyses revealed that inflammation, neurotransmitter regulation, and energy metabolism are likely mechanisms associated with evening fatigue severity; that CTX may contribute to fatigue seen in oncology patients; and that the patterns of gene expression may be shared with other models of fatigue (e.g., physical exercise, pathogen-induced sickness behavior). These results suggest that the mechanisms that underlie fatigue in oncology patients are multi-factorial. PMID:26957308

Caffeine affects cardiovascular and neuroendocrine activation at work and home.

PubMed

Lane, James D; Pieper, Carl F; Phillips-Bute, Barbara G; Bryant, John E; Kuhn, Cynthia M

2002-01-01

This study investigated the effects of moderate doses of caffeine on ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate, urinary excretion of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol, and subjective measures of stress during normal activities at work and at home in the evening. Healthy, nonsmoking, habitual coffee drinkers (N = 47) participated in 3 days of ambulatory study. After a day of ad lib caffeine consumption, caffeine (500 mg) and placebo were administered double-blind in counter-balanced order on separate workdays. Ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate were monitored from the start of the workday until bedtime. Urinary excretion of catecholamines and cortisol was assessed during the workday and evening. Caffeine administration significantly raised average ambulatory blood pressure during the workday and evening by 4/3 mm Hg and reduced average heart rate by 2 bpm. Caffeine also increased by 32% the levels of free epinephrine excreted during the workday and the evening. In addition, caffeine amplified the increases in blood pressure and heart rate associated with higher levels of self-reported stress during the activities of the day. Effects were undiminished through the evening until bedtime. Caffeine has significant hemodynamic and humoral effects in habitual coffee drinkers that persist for many hours during the activities of everyday life. Furthermore, caffeine may exaggerate sympathetic adrenal-medullary responses to the stressful events of normal daily life. Repeated daily blood pressure elevations and increases in stress reactivity caused by caffeine consumption could contribute to an increased risk of coronary heart disease in the adult population.

Action of an antioxidant complex on the antioxidant power of saliva.

PubMed

Cornelli, U; Belcaro, G; Nardi, G M; Cesarone, M R; Dugall, M; Hosoi, M; Grossi, M G; Ippolito, E; Ledda, A; Ruffini, I

2010-06-01

Based on the results of the soluble antioxidants test (SAT), we have produced a combination of oral antioxidants aimed at increasing the antioxidant power of saliva. Several antioxidants are included in this product (Vit E, beta-carotene, Vit A, Vit C, polyphenols, cathechins, ellagic acid, anthocyanins, coenzyme Q10 and pyridoxine in association with Se, Zn, L-cysteine). The aim of this registry study was to evaluate the efficacy of these antioxidants in saliva, plasma and urines. MF Odontovis, an antioxidant complex, was administered to healthy subjects in the evening for one week with a final administration in the morning. Plasma, urine and saliva showed an increase in antioxidant power following both the evening administration and the final morning administration. The antioxidant action appeared to be present even at night when salival secretion is lower. Plasma SAT levels (SATs) in the morning following evening treatment were increased by 21% in comparison with controls. Morning administration increased levels up to 34% when measured 4 hours after treatment. Comparable increases were observed in saliva (SATs and morning values were +44 %; +58% two hours after morning administration and +28 % after 4 hours). In urine the evening administration caused an increase in antioxidant power (+6%). This study indicated that antioxidant levels can be increased with specific nutritional supplement. The clinical value of an increased antioxidant power in biological fluids, particularly in saliva, may be relevant for future trials of prevention and treatment.

An Evaluation of Practical Applicability of Multi-Assortment Production Break-Even Analysis based on Mining Companies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fuksa, Dariusz; Trzaskuś-Żak, Beata; Gałaś, Zdzisław; Utrata, Arkadiusz

2017-03-01

In the practice of mining companies, the vast majority of them produce more than one product. The analysis of the break-even, which is referred to as CVP (Cost-Volume-Profit) analysis (Wilkinson, 2005; Czopek, 2003) in their case is significantly constricted, given the necessity to include multi-assortment structure in the analysis, which may have more than 20 types of assortments (depending on the grain size) in their offer, as in the case of open-pit mines. The article presents methods of evaluation of break-even (volume and value) for both a single-assortment production and a multi-assortment production. The complexity of problem of break-even evaluation for multi-assortment production has resulted in formation of many methods, and, simultaneously, various approaches to its analysis, especially differences in accounting fixed costs, which may be either totally accounted for among particular assortments, relating to the whole company or partially accounted for among particular assortments and partially relating to the company, as a whole. The evaluation of the chosen methods of break-even analysis, given the availability of data, was based on two examples of mining companies: an open-pit mine of rock materials and an underground hard coal mine. The selection of methods was set by the available data provided by the companies. The data for the analysis comes from internal documentation of the mines - financial statements, breakdowns and cost calculations.

Evening flights of female northern pintails from a major roost site

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cox, R.R.; Afton, A.D.

1996-01-01

We monitored evening flights of female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) from Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in southwestern Louisiana during winters of 1991-1992 and 1992-1993. We analyzed the influence of female age, winter, and date within wintering period on three flight parameters: distance, duration, and departure time. Flight distance and duration increased with date within wintering period, and age differences in flight distance and duration were not consistent between winters. Females departed 12 min later, on average, on clear, moonlit evenings than on overcast, moonless evenings, and 4 min later when winds were light rather than heavy. After controlling for variation due to environmental conditions, immature females departed Lacassine NWR 1.3 min earlier, on average, than did adults. Flight parameters of females did not differ between hunting and non-hunting time periods. Estimated daily transit costs ranged from 27-54% of basal metabolic rate, 7-19% of daily energy expenditure, and 8-20% of daily dietary intake of rice (Oryza sativa). Our findings that flight distance and duration increased with date within wintering period were consistent with predictions of refuging theory, but alternative hypotheses also could explain these results. Evening flights of Northern Pintails roosting on Lacassine NWR were greater in distance and duration than those reported for most other species of wintering waterfowl. We recommend that proximity of refuges to feeding sites be considered in conservation and management plans for wintering Northern Pintails and other refuging waterfowl.

Evening daylight may cause adolescents to sleep less in spring than in winter

PubMed Central

Figueiro, Mariana G.; Rea, Mark S.

2012-01-01

Sleep restriction commonly experienced by adolescents can stem from greater sleep pressure by the homeostatic processes and from phase delays of the circadian system. With regard to the latter potential cause, we hypothesized that because there is more natural evening light during the spring than winter, a sample of adolescent students would be more phase delayed in spring than in winter, would have later sleep onset times and, because of fixed school schedules, would have shorter sleep durations. Sixteen eighth-grade subjects were recruited for the study. We collected sleep logs and saliva samples to determine their dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), a well-established circadian marker. Actual circadian light exposures experienced by a subset of twelve subjects over the course of seven days in winter and in spring using a personal, head-worn, circadian light measurement device are also reported here. Results showed that this sample of adolescents was exposed to significantly more circadian light in spring than in winter, especially in the evening hours when light exposure would likely delay circadian phase. Consistent with the light data, DLMO and sleep onset times were significantly more delayed, and sleep durations were significantly shorter in spring than in winter. The present ecological study of light, circadian phase, and self-reported sleep suggests that greater access to evening daylight in the spring may lead to sleep restriction in adolescents while attending school. Therefore, lighting schemes that reduce evening light in the spring may encourage longer sleep times in adolescents. PMID:20653452

Investigating the prehistory of Tungusic peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri region with complete mtDNA genome sequences and Y-chromosomal markers.

PubMed

Duggan, Ana T; Whitten, Mark; Wiebe, Victor; Crawford, Michael; Butthof, Anne; Spitsyn, Victor; Makarov, Sergey; Novgorodov, Innokentiy; Osakovsky, Vladimir; Pakendorf, Brigitte

2013-01-01

Evenks and Evens, Tungusic-speaking reindeer herders and hunter-gatherers, are spread over a wide area of northern Asia, whereas their linguistic relatives the Udegey, sedentary fishermen and hunter-gatherers, are settled to the south of the lower Amur River. The prehistory and relationships of these Tungusic peoples are as yet poorly investigated, especially with respect to their interactions with neighbouring populations. In this study, we analyse over 500 complete mtDNA genome sequences from nine different Evenk and even subgroups as well as their geographic neighbours from Siberia and their linguistic relatives the Udegey from the Amur-Ussuri region in order to investigate the prehistory of the Tungusic populations. These data are supplemented with analyses of Y-chromosomal haplogroups and STR haplotypes in the Evenks, Evens, and neighbouring Siberian populations. We demonstrate that whereas the North Tungusic Evenks and Evens show evidence of shared ancestry both in the maternal and in the paternal line, this signal has been attenuated by genetic drift and differential gene flow with neighbouring populations, with isolation by distance further shaping the maternal genepool of the Evens. The Udegey, in contrast, appear quite divergent from their linguistic relatives in the maternal line, with a mtDNA haplogroup composition characteristic of populations of the Amur-Ussuri region. Nevertheless, they show affinities with the Evenks, indicating that they might be the result of admixture between local Amur-Ussuri populations and Tungusic populations from the north.

Effect of Yellow-Tinted Lenses on Visual Attributes Related to Sports Activities

PubMed Central

Kohmura, Yoshimitsu; Murakami, Shigeki; Aoki, Kazuhiro

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of colored lenses on visual attributes related to sports activities. The subjects were 24 students (11 females, 13 males; average age 21.0 ±1.2 years) attending a sports university. Lenses of 5 colors were used: colorless, light yellow, dark yellow, light gray, and dark gray. For each lens, measurements were performed in a fixed order: contrast sensitivity, dynamic visual acuity, depth perception, hand-eye coordination and visual acuity and low-contrast visual acuity. The conditions for the measurements of visual acuity and low-contrast visual acuity were in the order of Evening, Evening+Glare, Day, and Day+Glare. There were no significant differences among lenses in dynamic visual acuity and depth perception. For hand-eye coordination, time was significantly shorter with colorless than dark gray lenses. Contrast sensitivity was significantly higher with colorless, light yellow, and light gray lenses than with dark yellow and dark gray lenses. The low-contrast visual acuity test in the Day+Glare condition showed no significant difference among the lenses. In the Evening condition, low-contrast visual acuity was significantly higher with colorless and light yellow lenses than with dark gray lenses, and in the Evening+Glare condition, low-contrast visual acuity was significantly higher with colorless lenses than with the other colors except light yellow. Under early evening conditions and during sports activities, light yellow lenses do not appear to have an adverse effect on visual attributes. PMID:23717352

Ecological Virtual Reality Evaluation of Neglect Symptoms (EVENS): Effects of Virtual Scene Complexity in the Assessment of Poststroke Unilateral Spatial Neglect.

PubMed

Ogourtsova, Tatiana; Archambault, Philippe; Sangani, Samir; Lamontagne, Anouk

2018-01-01

Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is a highly prevalent and disabling poststroke impairment. USN is traditionally assessed with paper-and-pencil tests that lack ecological validity, generalization to real-life situations and are easily compensated for in chronic stages. Virtual reality (VR) can, however, counteract these limitations. We aimed to examine the feasibility of a novel assessment of USN symptoms in a functional shopping activity, the Ecological VR-based Evaluation of Neglect Symptoms (EVENS). EVENS is immersive and consists of simple and complex 3-dimensional scenes depicting grocery shopping shelves, where joystick-based object detection and navigation tasks are performed while seated. Effects of virtual scene complexity on navigational and detection abilities in patients with (USN+, n = 12) and without (USN-, n = 15) USN following a right hemisphere stroke and in age-matched healthy controls (HC, n = 9) were determined. Longer detection times, larger mediolateral deviations from ideal paths and longer navigation times were found in USN+ versus USN- and HC groups, particularly in the complex scene. EVENS detected lateralized and nonlateralized USN-related deficits, performance alterations that were dependent or independent of USN severity, and performance alterations in 3 USN- subjects versus HC. EVENS' environmental changing complexity, along with the functional tasks of far space detection and navigation can potentially be clinically relevant and warrant further empirical investigation. Findings are discussed in terms of attentional models, lateralized versus nonlateralized deficits in USN, and tasks-specific mechanisms.

Response of tree growth and species coexistence to density and species evenness in a young forest plantation with two competing species.

PubMed

Collet, Catherine; Ningre, François; Barbeito, Ignacio; Arnaud, Anthony; Piboule, Alexandre

2014-03-01

There is considerable evidence for the presence of positive species diversity-productivity relationships in plant populations, but the population parameters determining the type and strength of the relationship are poorly defined. Relationships between species evenness and tree survival or species coexistence are not well established. The objective of this study was to quantify the joint effects of density and species evenness on tree productivity and species coexistence. A 12-year-old experimental tree plantation mixing two species according to a double gradient of density and species proportion was used. A neighbourhood approach was employed and descriptors of local competition were used to model individual tree growth. Fagus sylvatica and Acer pseudoplatanus were used as model species, as they can be considered as ecologically equivalent in their young stages. Density and tree size were primary factors determining individual growth and stand productivity. Species identity had a significant, but less pronounced, role. Stand productivity was highest when species evenness was close to 1 and slightly lower in uneven mixtures. The reduction in stand productivity when species evenness decreased was of similar magnitude irrespective of which species became dominant, indicating symmetric effects for the two species. When examining individual tree growth in response to species proportion for each species separately, it was observed for both species that individual trees exhibited greater growth in uneven mixtures in which the other species was more frequent. The results suggest that mixtures of these two functionally similar species have the highest production at maximum evenness, indicating a complementary effect between them. The presence of a mixture combines both stabilizing mechanisms (individuals from both species show higher growth when surrounded by individuals from the other species) and equalizing mechanisms (the two species have very similar growth curves) that, in turn, determine the species' relative dominance. These processes should act to ensure the long-term coexistence of species.

Testing bidirectional associations among emotion regulation strategies and substance use: a daily diary study.

PubMed

Weiss, Nicole H; Bold, Krysten W; Sullivan, Tami P; Armeli, Stephen; Tennen, Howard

2017-04-01

Alcohol and marijuana are widely used among college students. Emotion regulation strategies have been linked to alcohol and marijuana use, but little attention has been devoted to modeling the directionality of these associations. The aims of the current study were to test whether (a) daytime use of emotion regulation strategies influences the likelihood of evening substance use and (b) evening substance use influences the likelihood of next-day use of emotion regulation strategies. Longitudinal daily diary data were collected for 30 days via on-line surveys. Northeastern United States. A total of 1640 college students (mean age = 19.2 years, 54% female, 80% European American) were recruited each semester between Spring 2008 and Spring 2012. Daily diaries assessed emotion regulation strategies (distraction, reappraisal, problem-solving, avoidance) and substance use (any drinking, heavy drinking, marijuana use, co-use of any drinking/heavy drinking and marijuana). Covariates included gender, age, race/ethnicity, fraternity/sorority involvement and baseline depression. Daytime distraction [odds ratio (OR) = 0.95], reappraisal (OR = 0.95) and problem-solving (OR = 0.94) predicted lower odds of evening marijuana use (P-values < 0.02). Evening heavy drinking (OR = 0.90) and marijuana use (OR = 0.89) predicted lower odds of next-day problem-solving, with heavy drinking also predicting higher odds (OR = 1.08) of next-day avoidance and marijuana use also predicting higher odds (OR = 1.08) of next-day reappraisal (P-values < 0.03). There appear to be reciprocal relations among emotion regulation strategies and substance use: greater daytime use of distraction, reappraisal, and problem solving predicts lower evening substance use, while higher evening substance use predicts higher next-day avoidance and reappraisal but lower next-day problem-solving. © 2016 Society for the Study of Addiction.

The effect of time of day on cold water ingestion by high-level swimmers in a tropical climate.

PubMed

Hue, Olivier; Monjo, Roland; Lazzaro, Marc; Baillot, Michelle; Hellard, Philippe; Marlin, Laurent; Jean-Etienne, A

2013-07-01

The authors tested the effect of cold water ingestion during high-intensity training in the morning vs the evening on both core temperature (TC) and thermal perceptions of internationally ranked long-distance swimmers during a training period in a tropical climate. Nine internationally ranked long-distance swimmers (5 men and 4 women) performed 4 randomized training sessions (2 in the evening and 2 in the morning) with 2 randomized beverages with different temperatures for 3 consecutive days. After a standardized warm-up of 1000 m, the subjects performed a standardized training session that consisted of 10 x 100 m (start every 1'20″) at a fixed velocity. The swimmers were then followed for the next 3000 m of the training schedule. Heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored during the 10 x 100 m, whereas TC, thermal comfort, and thermal sensation (TS) were measured before and after each 1000-m session. Before and after each 1000 m, the swimmers were asked to drink 190 mL of neutral (26.5 ± 2.5°C) or cold (1.3 ± 0.3°C) water packaged in standardized bottles. Results demonstrated that cold water ingestion induced a significant effect on TC, with a pronounced decrease in the evening, resulting in significantly lower mean TC and lower mean delta TC in evening cold (EC) than in evening neutral (EN), concomitant with significantly lower TS in EC than in EN and a significant effect on exercise HR. Moreover, although TC increased significantly with time in MN, MC, and EN, TC was stabilized during exercise in EC. To conclude, we demonstrate that a cold beverage had a significant effect on TC, TS, and HR during training in high-level swimmers in a tropical climate, especially during evening training.

Gender, family structure and cardiovascular activity during the working day and evening.

PubMed

Steptoe, A; Lundwall, K; Cropley, M

2000-02-01

This study applied psychophysiological methods to the investigation of social roles and well-being, using cardiovascular function over a working day and evening as an index of physiological activation. One hundred and sixty-two full-time school teachers (102 women and 60 men) were assessed using automated ambulatory blood pressure monitoring apparatus, with readings every 20 min through the working day (9.00 am-5.40 pm), and every 30 min in the evening (6.00-10.30 pm). The influence of gender, marital status and parenthood (defined as having at least one child living at home) on blood pressure during the working day and on day-evening differences was examined. There were no differences in blood pressure and heart rate across the working day in relation to marital roles or family structure. However, the decrease in blood pressure between working day and evening was greatest in parents, intermediate in married non-parents, and smallest in single participants without children. Differences in systolic pressure adjusted for age and body mass index averaged -4.46, -1.76 and +0.22 mmHg in the three groups, respectively. A similar pattern was observed for diastolic pressure but not heart rate. We also found that the day-evening fall in systolic pressure was moderated by social support, with the greatest change (mean adjusted difference -6.76 mmHg) in parents who reported high levels of social support. These blood pressure responses did not differ between men and women, and there was no indication of multiple role strain for full-time working mothers. The results were independent of concomitant physical activity, location during measurement, or reported job strain. We argue that findings are consistent with an enhancement model of multiple social roles, and with lower allostatic load on individuals who are working, married and parents. Psychophysiological studies of daily life can complement epidemiological and sociological investigations of social roles and health.

Low physical activity is a determinant for elevated blood pressure in high cardiovascular risk obstructive sleep apnea.

PubMed

Mendelson, Monique; Tamisier, Renaud; Laplaud, David; Dias-Domingos, Sonia; Baguet, Jean-Philippe; Moreau, Laurent; Koltes, Christian; Chavez, Léonidas; de Lamberterie, Gilles; Herengt, Frédéric; Levy, Patrick; Flore, Patrice; Pépin, Jean-Louis

2014-08-01

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity, including hypertension. Beyond the severity of nocturnal hypoxia, other factors such as metabolic abnormalities but also sedentary behaviors and insufficient physical activity may contribute to elevated blood pressure (BP). To clarify the respective role of these factors as determinants of BP in OSA patients, we examined the relationship between BP and anthropometrics, severity of sleep apnea, and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Ninety-five adults presenting with OSA (apnea-hypopnea index > 10 events/h) and high cardiovascular risk (63.3 ± 8.8 y; body mass index: 29.9 ± 4.9 kg/m(2); apnea-hypopnea index: 41.3 ± 17.5/h; cardiovascular risk score: 13.5 ± 3.7%) were included. Physical activity and sedentary behaviors were objectively assessed by actigraphy, and self-measured home BP monitoring was measured. Logistic regression models adjusted for sex, age, and body mass index were built to identify the predictors of self-measured morning and evening BP. Physical activity was significantly related to obesity but not to the severity of sleep apnea or sleepiness. Sedentary behaviors were associated with self-measured morning and evening systolic BP (r = 0.32, P = .002; r = 0.29, P = .004). Steps per day were inversely associated with evening BP (r = -0.27, P = .01). Univariate analysis identified steps/d and time spent in vigorous physical activity as determinants for evening self-measured BP. In multivariate analysis, only steps/d were identified as a significant determinant of evening BP. Physical activity is the major determinant for evening BP in adults with OSA presenting high cardiovascular risk. Our results emphasize the need for lifestyle counseling programs in combination with CPAP to encourage regular physical activity in OSA subjects to obtain better BP control. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT01226641.)

Determination of glycaemic index; some methodological aspects related to the analysis of carbohydrate load and characteristics of the previous evening meal.

PubMed

Granfeldt, Y; Wu, X; Björck, I

2006-01-01

To determine the possible differences in glycaemic index (GI) depending on (1) the analytical method used to calculate the 'available carbohydrate' load, that is, using carbohydrates by difference (total carbohydrate by difference, minus dietary fibre (DF)) as available carbohydrates vs available starch basis (total starch minus resistant starch (RS)) of a food rich in intrinsic RS and (2) the effect of GI characteristics and/or the content of indigestible carbohydrates (RS and DF) of the evening meal prior to GI testing the following morning. Blood glucose and serum insulin responses were studied after subjects consuming (1) two levels of barley kernels rich in intrinsic RS (15.2%, total starch basis) and (2) after a standard breakfast following three different evening meals varying in GI and/or indigestible carbohydrates: pasta, barley kernels and white wheat bread, respectively. Healthy adults with normal body mass index. (1) Increasing the portion size of barley kernels from 79.6 g (50 g 'available carbohydrates') to 93.9 g (50 g available starch) to adjust for its RS content did not significantly affect the GI or insulin index (11). (2) The low GI barley evening meal, as opposed to white wheat bread and pasta evening meals, reduced the postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic (23 and 29%, respectively, P < 0.05) areas under the curve at a standardized white bread breakfast fed the following morning. (1) Increasing portion size to compensate for the considerable portion of RS in a low GI barley product had no significant impact on GI or II. However, for GI testing, it is recommended to base carbohydrate load on specific analyses of the available carbohydrate content. (2) A low GI barley evening meal containing high levels of indigestible carbohydrates (RS and DF) substantially reduced the GI and II of white wheat bread determined at a subsequent breakfast meal.

Response of tree growth and species coexistence to density and species evenness in a young forest plantation with two competing species

PubMed Central

Collet, Catherine; Ningre, François; Barbeito, Ignacio; Arnaud, Anthony; Piboule, Alexandre

2014-01-01

Background and Aims There is considerable evidence for the presence of positive species diversity–productivity relationships in plant populations, but the population parameters determining the type and strength of the relationship are poorly defined. Relationships between species evenness and tree survival or species coexistence are not well established. The objective of this study was to quantify the joint effects of density and species evenness on tree productivity and species coexistence. Methods A 12-year-old experimental tree plantation mixing two species according to a double gradient of density and species proportion was used. A neighbourhood approach was employed and descriptors of local competition were used to model individual tree growth. Fagus sylvatica and Acer pseudoplatanus were used as model species, as they can be considered as ecologically equivalent in their young stages. Key Results Density and tree size were primary factors determining individual growth and stand productivity. Species identity had a significant, but less pronounced, role. Stand productivity was highest when species evenness was close to 1 and slightly lower in uneven mixtures. The reduction in stand productivity when species evenness decreased was of similar magnitude irrespective of which species became dominant, indicating symmetric effects for the two species. When examining individual tree growth in response to species proportion for each species separately, it was observed for both species that individual trees exhibited greater growth in uneven mixtures in which the other species was more frequent. Conclusions The results suggest that mixtures of these two functionally similar species have the highest production at maximum evenness, indicating a complementary effect between them. The presence of a mixture combines both stabilizing mechanisms (individuals from both species show higher growth when surrounded by individuals from the other species) and equalizing mechanisms (the two species have very similar growth curves) that, in turn, determine the species' relative dominance. These processes should act to ensure the long-term coexistence of species. PMID:24323248

Compare the effect of flaxseed, evening primrose oil and Vitamin E on duration of periodic breast pain

PubMed Central

Jaafarnejad, Farzaneh; Adibmoghaddam, Elham; Emami, Seyyed Ahmad; Saki, Azadeh

2017-01-01

BACKGROUND: Breast periodic pain is the most common disorder of the breast which leads to consultation with knowledgeable people like a midwife. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic effect of flaxseed, evening primrose oil, and Vitamin E on the duration of the period of breast pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a quasi-randomized clinical trial conducted in 2015 on ninety patients complaining of breast periodic pain referring to Gynecologic Clinics of Ghaem Hospital or residents living in dormitories of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Randomization was conducted based on the study environment. The first group received 30 g of powdered flaxseed, the second group received two 1000 mg capsules of evening primrose, and the third group received 1 capsule of 400 IU Vitamin E, daily and for two menstrual cycles. Cyclical breast pain was measured at the beginning and end of both intervention periods by daily subscription form of pain duration. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 16 software and Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Chi-square, Friedman, Fisher's, and one-sided ANOVA tests. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean duration of breast pain in flaxseed group within 2 months of intervention decreased significantly (confidence interval [CI] =95%, P = 0.006), but despite reducing the duration of pain in evening primrose oil group (CI = 95%, P = 0.058) and Vitamin E (CI = 95%, P = 0.306), this reduction was not significant. In overall, the average duration of breast pain in all three flaxseed, evening primrose oil, and Vitamin E groups was not significantly different before the intervention (CI = 95%, P = 0.286), 1 month after the intervention (CI = 95%, P = 0.195), and 2 months after the intervention (CI = 95%, P = 0.667). CONCLUSION: The use of flaxseed, evening primrose oil, or Vitamin E may reduce breast pain, and this is a significant reduction in flaxseed. PMID:29114553

Galactic CR in the Heliosphere according to NM data, 3. Results for even solar cycles 20 and 22.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dorman, L.; Dorman, I.; Iucci, N.; Parisi, M.; Villoresi, G.; Zukerman, I.

We found that the maximum of correlation coefficient between cosmic ray (CR) intensity and solar activity (SA) variations is occurred for even cycles 20 and 22 for about two-three times in the shorter time than for odd cycles 19 and 21. We came to conclusion that this difference is caused by CR drift effects: during even cycle drifts produced the small increasing of CR global modulation (additional to the caused by convection-diffusion mechanism) in the period from minimum to maximum of SA, and after the maximum of SA up to the minimum- about the same decreasing of CR modulation. This gives sufficient decreasing of observed time lag between CR and- SA in even solar cycles. We analyzed monthly and 11 months smoothed data of (CR) intensity observed by neutron monitors with different cut-off rigidities for even solar cycles 20 and 22. We use a special model described the connection between solar activity (characterized by monthly sunspot numbers) and CR convection- diff usion global modulation with taking into account time-lag of processes in the Heliosphere relative to the active processes on the Sun. For taking into account drifts we use models described in literature. In the first we correct observed long-term CR modulation on drifts with different amplitudes from 0 (no drifts), then 0.15%, 0.25%,... up to 4%. For each expected amplitude of drifts we determine the correlation coefficient between expected CR variations and observed by neutron monitors with different cut - off rigidities for different times of solar wind transportation from the Sun to the boundary of the modulation region from 1 to 60 average months (it corresponds approximately to dimension of modulation region from about 6 to 360 AU). We compare observed res ults for even solar cycles 20 and 22.

Odd-even effect on the formation of aqueous biphasic systems formed by 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids and salts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belchior, Diana C. V.; Sintra, Tânia E.; Carvalho, Pedro J.; Soromenho, Mário R. C.; Esperança, José M. S. S.; Ventura, Sónia P. M.; Rogers, Robin D.; Coutinho, João A. P.; Freire, Mara G.

2018-05-01

This work provides a comprehensive evaluation of the effect of the cation alkyl side chain length of the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride series ([CnC1im]Cl, n = 2-14) of ionic liquids (ILs) on their capability to form aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) with salts and self-aggregation derived properties. The liquid-liquid phase behavior of ternary systems composed of [CnC1im]Cl, water, and K3PO4 or K2CO3 and the respective Setschenow salting-out coefficients (ks), a quantitative measure of the two-phase formation ability, were determined. An odd-even effect in the ks values along the number of methylene groups of the longest IL cation alkyl side chain was identified for the ABS formed by K2CO3, a weaker salting-out agent where the phenomenon is clearly identified. In general, cations with even alkyl side chains, being likely to display higher molar volumes, are more easily salted-out and thus more prone to undergo phase separation. The odd-even effect in the ks values is, however, more significant in ILs up to n = 6, where the nanostructuration/nanosegregation of ILs plays a less relevant role. Still, with the [CnC1im]Cl (n = 7-14) series of ILs, an odd-even effect was also identified in the ILs' ionization degree, molar conductivity, and conductivity at infinite dilution. In summary, it is shown here that the ILs' odd-even effect occurs in IL aqueous solutions and not just in neat ILs, an already well-established phenomenon occurring in a series of ILs' properties described as a result of the orientation of the terminal methyl groups to the imidazolium ring cation and consequent effect in the ILs' cohesive energy.

The relationship between species richness and evenness in plant communities along a successional gradient: a study from sub-alpine meadows of the Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China.

PubMed

Zhang, Hui; John, Robert; Peng, Zechen; Yuan, Jianli; Chu, Chengjin; Du, Guozhen; Zhou, Shurong

2012-01-01

The relationship between species richness and evenness across communities remains an unsettled issue in ecology from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. As a result, we do not know the mechanisms that could generate a relationship between species richness and evenness, and how this responds to spatial scale. Here we examine the relationship between species richness(S) and evenness (Pielou's J' evenness) using a chronosequence of successional sub-alpine meadow communities in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. These meadows range from natural community (never farmed), to those that have been protected from agricultural exploitation for periods ranging from 1 to 10 years. A total of 30 sampling quadrats with size of 0.5 m×0.5 m were laid out along two transects at each meadow. Using correlation analyses we found a consistent negative correlation between S and J' in these communities along the successional gradient at the sampling scale of 0.5 m×0.5 m. We also explored the relationship between S and J' at different sampling scales (from 0.5 m×0.5 m to10 m×10 m) using properly measured ramet-mapped data of a10 m×10 m quadrat in the natural community. We found that S was negatively corrected with J' at the scales of 0.5 m×0.5 m to 2 m×2 m, but such a relationships disappeared at relative larger scales (≥2 m×4 m). When fitting different species abundance models combined with trait-specific methods, we found that niche preemption may be the determining mechanism of species evenness along the succession gradient. Considering all results together, we can conclude that such niche differentiation and spatial scale effects may help to explain the maintenance of high species richness in sub-alpine meadow communities.

Within-twig leaf distribution patterns differ among plant life-forms in a subtropical Chinese forest.

PubMed

Meng, Fengqun; Cao, Rui; Yang, Dongmei; Niklas, Karl J; Sun, Shucun

2013-07-01

In theory, plants can alter the distribution of leaves along the lengths of their twigs (i.e., within-twig leaf distribution patterns) to optimize light interception in the context of the architectures of their leaves, branches and canopies. We hypothesized that (i) among canopy tree species sharing similar light environments, deciduous trees will have more evenly spaced within-twig leaf distribution patterns compared with evergreen trees (because deciduous species tend to higher metabolic demands than evergreen species and hence require more light), and that (ii) shade-adapted evergreen species will have more evenly spaced patterns compared with sun-adapted evergreen ones (because shade-adapted species are generally light-limited). We tested these hypotheses by measuring morphological traits (i.e., internode length, leaf area, lamina mass per area, LMA; and leaf and twig inclination angles to the horizontal) and physiological traits (i.e., light-saturated net photosynthetic rates, Amax; light saturation points, LSP; and light compensation points, LCP), and calculated the 'evenness' of within-twig leaf distribution patterns as the coefficient of variation (CV; the higher the CV, the less evenly spaced leaves) of within-twig internode length for 9 deciduous canopy tree species, 15 evergreen canopy tree species, 8 shade-adapted evergreen shrub species and 12 sun-adapted evergreen shrub species in a subtropical broad-leaved rainforest in eastern China. Coefficient of variation was positively correlated with large LMA and large leaf and twig inclination angles, which collectively specify a typical trait combination adaptive to low light interception, as indicated by both ordinary regression and phylogenetic generalized least squares analyses. These relationships were also valid within the evergreen tree species group (which had the largest sample size). Consistent with our hypothesis, in the canopy layer, deciduous species (which were characterized by high LCP, LSP and Amax) had more even leaf distribution patterns than evergreen species (which had low LCP, LSP and Amax); shade-adapted evergreen species had more even leaf distribution patterns than sun-adapted evergreen species. We propose that the leaf distribution pattern (i.e., 'evenness' CV, which is an easily measured functional trait) can be used to distinguish among life-forms in communities similar to the one examined in this study.

Understanding the Decision to Enroll in Graduate School: Sex and Racial/Ethnic Group Differences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perna, Laura W.

2004-01-01

Women continue to receive fewer doctoral and first-professional degrees than men, even though women receive more bachelor's degrees. The underrepresentation of women holds even after allowing for time to complete an advanced degree. Although researchers have examined sex and racial/ethnic group differences in undergraduate enrollment (e.g.,…

Spanish Comics as Genre

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kiely, Kristin

2018-01-01

Since the beginning of literary time, genre has been an issue for critics and scholars. Comics and graphic novels have stepped into the fray in recent decades causing even more confusion. This is even more evident in Spain where the publishers are foolhardy men and women simply out to make money and who are too deeply embedded in their bourgeois…

Helping Black and Latino Males Succeed

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson, Robert

2016-01-01

Growing up in a poor, dysfunctional family in a violent inner-city neighborhood, Jackson faced daily challenges even getting to the bus stop without being attacked by gang members. When he was bused to a white suburban school in 5th grade, things got even worse. Every black student who was bused in from his neighborhood was placed in remedial…

Vegetative conditions and management options in even-age stands on the Monongahela National Forest

Treesearch

Gary W. Miller; James N. Kochenderfer; James Knibbs; John E. Baumgras

2001-01-01

In 1998, personnel with the Northeastern Research Station and the Monongahela National Forest initiated a comprehensive survey of even-age stands that regenerated between 1964 and 1990. Preliminary results indicate that clearcutting was successful in regenerating these young stands with a variety of woody and herbaceous plant species. Early cleanings using crop-tree...

Early Concepts of Number and Counting

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Box, Katherine; Scott, Paul

2004-01-01

Before primitive man had grasped the concept of number, the written word or even speech, he was able to count. This was important for keeping track of food supplies, sending messages, trading between villages and even keeping track of how many animals were in their herd. Counting was done in various ways, but in all cases, the underlying principle…

History Curriculum and Teacher Training: Shaping a Democratic Future in Post-Apartheid South Africa?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tibbitts, Felisa L.; Weldon, Gail

2017-01-01

Issues of transitional justice are central to countries moving away from identity-based conflict. Research tends to focus on the most well-known forms of transitional justice, like truth commissions. Far less attention has been given to education as a form of transitional justice, and even less to teacher professional development, even though…

September in the Skies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Riddle, Bob

2004-01-01

This school year begins with no planets visible in the evenings, and it will remain this way until November when Mercury returns to the evening skies. For a period of several days, starting on September 8, you can follow the waning crescent Moon in the early morning as it passes Saturn, Venus, the bright star Regulus, and Mercury. On the morning…

Adult Literacy and Parenting Outcomes of a Rural, Home-Based Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meehan, Merrill L.; Walsh, Sandra; Spring, Janet; Swisher, Angie; Lewis, Harry

The Even Start Family Literacy Program is a national program designed to break the cycle of poverty and illiteracy by working with low-income families to improve adult literacy, parenting skills, and developmental and preschool readiness of young children in the family. The Monongalia County (West Virginia) Even Start Program is unusual in that…

Journal Editors Celebrated at Editors' Evening

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panning, Jeanette

2014-02-01

At the Fall Meeting, the premiere social event for AGU's many journal editors is the annual Editors' Evening, an opportunity for members to celebrate and to recognize the efforts of retiring editors. At the event, AGU president Carol Finn welcomed all those in attendance and thanked them for volunteering their time for the benefit of AGU and the wider research community.

Rethinking the Development of Weapons and Their Impact

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Katsioloudis, Petros J.; Jones, Mildred V.

2011-01-01

As one reads about the history of humans, he/she sees very early on that humans are naturally "tool users." More specifically, humans used tools as a means of subsistence and survival. Even today humans use tools to extend their capabilities beyond imagination. These tools are even used as weapons. However primitive, these early weapons would soon…

1863 Letter from Ralph Waldo Emerson about Walt Whitman

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Potter, Lee Ann

2004-01-01

Biographers have called Walt Whitman "America's most influential and innovative poet" and some have even called him "the greatest of all American poets." But in the winter of 1862-63, even as he was gaining a reputation as a talented poet, Whitman was forty-three years old, volunteering as a nurse in Union hospitals, and…

Partitioning of food resources by syntopic eastern red (Lasiurus borealis), seminole (L. seminolus) and evening (Nycticeius humeralis) bats

Treesearch

Timothy C. Carter; Michael A. Menzel; Brian R. Chapman; Karl V. Miller

2003-01-01

We evaluated partitioning of food resources among syntopic eastern red (Lasiurus borealis), Seminole (L. seminolus) and evening (Nycticeius humeralis) bats at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, from June through August of 1996 and 1997. We compared diets to indices of relative prey availability, which were...

Administrator Perceptions Regarding Pennsylvania's MTSS/RtII Framework and Gifted Elementary Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murin, Tricia M.

2016-01-01

Providing equitable education for all students is the responsibility of administrators, teachers, and parents. Even though the MTSS/RtII Framework has evolved from the RtI and RtII models, the basis is the same: intervening and identifying students' needs and analyzing data and programming instruction to meet all students' needs. Even though in…

Topic Characterization of Full Length Texts Using Direct and Indirect Term Evidence

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-05-01

had a right, even a moral duty to intervene in con icts around the world. Even to- day, politicians talk disparagingly of the \\Vietnam Syndrome " in...who is also defending convicted murderer John Joseph Kindler from extradition to the United States where he faces the death penalty, said the 75-year

Can Young Children Distinguish Abstract Expressionist Art from Superficially Similar Works by Preschoolers and Animals?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nissel, Jenny; Hawley-Dolan, Angelina; Winner, Ellen

2016-01-01

While it is sometimes claimed that abstract art requires little skill and is indistinguishable from the scribbles of young children, recent research has shown that even adults with no training in art can distinguish works by abstract expressionists from superficially similar works by children and even elephants, monkeys, and apes (Hawley-Dolan…

Bad Signs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kohn, Alfie

2011-01-01

A person can tell quite a lot about what goes on in a classroom or a school even if he visits after everyone has gone home. Just by looking at the walls--or, more precisely, what is on the walls--it is possible to get a feel for the educational priorities, the attitudes about children, even the assumptions about human nature of the people in…

Evening Primrose Oil

MedlinePlus

... About NCCIH NCCIH At a Glance Mission and Vision Organizational Structure Director's Message Strategic Plans & Reports Budget & Legislation Advisory Council Job Opportunities All About NCCIH Health Topics A-Z # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Evening Primrose Oil Share: On This Page ...

Bound by Tradition? Peer Review and New Scholarship: An Institutional Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Barbara Jo; Cruz, Laura; Ellern, Jill; Ford, George; Moss, Hollye

2012-01-01

Peer review is by no means a routine process for traditional, or basic, research. Even so, peer review is even less routinized for other forms of scholarship. In 1990, Ernest Boyer called for a reconsideration of scholarship and extended the definition to be inclusive of non-traditional modes of scholarly production and delivery. However, peer…

Female Leadership in Islamic Schools in the United States of America: Prevalence, Obstacles, and Challenges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fahmy, Mona

2013-01-01

Islam is the most misunderstood religion in the world, and the status of Muslim women is even more misinterpreted. There have been relatively few studies of Islamic educational leaders and even fewer specifically addressing female Islamic educational leadership. Although women have made tremendous progress in the labor force, the proportion of…

Face Recognition in 4- to 7-Year-Olds: Processing of Configural, Featural, and Paraphernalia Information.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Freire, Alejo; Lee, Kang

2001-01-01

Tested in two studies 4- to 7-year-olds' face recognition by manipulating the faces' configural and featural information. Found that even with only a single 5-second exposure, most children could use configural and featural cues to make identity judgments. Repeated exposure and feedback improved others' performance. Even proficient memories were…

Third National Even Start Evaluation: Follow-Up Findings from the Experimental Design Study. NCEE 2005-3002

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ricciuti, Anne E., St.Pierre, Robert G.; Lee, Wang; Parsad, Amanda

2004-01-01

Citation: Ricciuti, A.E., R.G. St.Pierre, W. Lee, A. Parsad & T. Rimdzius. Third National Even Start Evaluation: Follow-Up Findings From the Experimental Design Study. U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance. Washington, D.C., 2004. Background: The Even…

Quantum open system theory: bipartite aspects.

PubMed

Yu, T; Eberly, J H

2006-10-06

We demonstrate in straightforward calculations that even under ideally weak noise the relaxation of bipartite open quantum systems contains elements not previously encountered in quantum noise physics. While additivity of decay rates is known to be generic for decoherence of a single system, we demonstrate that it breaks down for bipartite coherence of even the simplest composite systems.

Releasing Steam: Stressbusters to Market the Library as Place

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newton, Daniel

2011-01-01

College students have a tendency to become stressed from both their schoolwork and their personal lives. As the end of a semester approaches, the stress levels begin to rise for everyone. The procrastinators, the planners, and even those ahead in their work become tenser even with small problems, such as slow printers or an unavailable book needed…

[WWW.2CHEAT.COM] Update

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rooks, Clay D.

2006-01-01

This paper is an updated presentation on the subject of cheating and plagiarism via the World Wide Web. In a few hours searching the Internet, the author found even more "cheat" sites than in 1998 that offered not only all types of term and research papers, but college admission letters, reviews, case studies, even dissertations as well. Most now…

The Social Construction of Race and Monacan Education in Amherst County, Virginia, 1908-1965: Monacan Perspectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haimes-Bartolf, Melanie D.

2007-01-01

This essay argues that Amherst County citizens and policy makers treated Monacan children differently than white, black, and even other Indian students in Virginia and were determined to keep this particular group of children out of "their" schools and out of "their" community. Even despite federal mandates to do otherwise,…

Easily disassembled electrical connector for high voltage, high frequency connections

DOEpatents

Milner, Joseph R.

1994-01-01

An easily accessible electrical connector capable of rapid assembly and disassembly wherein a wide metal conductor sheet may be evenly contacted over the entire width of the conductor sheet by opposing surfaces on the connector which provide an even clamping pressure against opposite surfaces of the metal conductor sheet using a single threaded actuating screw.

The Sky

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forma, Ray

2008-01-01

Go to the end of this article to find more detailed information about the Star Chart, how to use the chart, and a table of Moon phases. Use this table of phases to help you with the timing of successful astronomy evenings for students. The best time for an astronomy evening is usually six days after New Moon. (Contains 1 table and 3 figures.)

25 CFR 36.85 - Is a nurse required to be available in the evenings?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Is a nurse required to be available in the evenings? 36.85 Section 36.85 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EDUCATION MINIMUM ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR THE BASIC EDUCATION OF INDIAN CHILDREN AND NATIONAL CRITERIA FOR DORMITORY...

25 CFR 36.85 - Is a nurse required to be available in the evenings?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Is a nurse required to be available in the evenings? 36.85 Section 36.85 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EDUCATION MINIMUM ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR THE BASIC EDUCATION OF INDIAN CHILDREN AND NATIONAL CRITERIA FOR DORMITORY SITUATIONS...

25 CFR 36.85 - Is a nurse required to be available in the evenings?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Is a nurse required to be available in the evenings? 36.85 Section 36.85 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EDUCATION MINIMUM ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR THE BASIC EDUCATION OF INDIAN CHILDREN AND NATIONAL CRITERIA FOR DORMITORY...

25 CFR 36.85 - Is a nurse required to be available in the evenings?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Is a nurse required to be available in the evenings? 36.85 Section 36.85 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EDUCATION MINIMUM ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR THE BASIC EDUCATION OF INDIAN CHILDREN AND NATIONAL CRITERIA FOR DORMITORY...

WCET Distance Education Enrollment Report 2016: Utilizing U.S. Department of Education Data

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poulin, Russ; Straut, Terri Taylor

2016-01-01

Over the past few years, Distance Education enrollments grew each year, even as overall higher education enrollments have declined. Even so, the overall Distance Education enrollment numbers do not tell the whole story. Based on data accumulated by the U.S. Department of Education's Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) surveys…

A survival model for individual shortleaf pine trees in even-aged natural stands

Treesearch

Thomas B. Lynch; Michael M. Huebschmann; Paul A. Murphy

2000-01-01

A model was developed that predicts the probability of survival for individual shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) trees growing in even-aged natural stands. Data for model development were obtained from the first two measurements of permanently established plots located in naturally occurring shortleaf pine forests on the Ouachita and Ozark...

49 CFR 178.812 - Top lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... no loss of contents. [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38074, July 26, 1994, as amended at 66 FR 33452, June 21... types must be loaded to twice the maximum permissible gross mass with the load being evenly distributed. (2) Flexible IBC design types must be filled to six times the maximum net mass, the load being evenly...

Girl Power! How Parents Can Support Girls' Academic Success in Stem

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gadzikowski, Ann

2015-01-01

Helping daughters recognize science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) in their daily lives, even in tasks like feeding the dog, baking a cake, or packing a suitcase, supports and encourages their STEM interests and abilities. Often young girls, even those who are very bright, aren't accustomed to thinking of themselves as being good at…

Evaluation of the Fourth and Final Year of the Even Start--Padres y Progreso Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stevens, Carla J.; And Others

The Even Start--Padres y Progreso program was a nationally funded program in Houston (Texas) designed to prepare young children to enter school not only by offering early childhood education, but also assisting their families with adult literacy/English as a second language, parenting skills training, and employment skills training. The program…

Global Housing Prospects: The Resource Constraints. Worldwatch Paper 46.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stokes, Bruce

This paper examines worldwide housing problems. The rising prices of materials, energy, and land ensure that buying, building, and maintaining even the most elementary shelter today costs several times what it did a decade ago. People in industrial countries must spend an even larger share of their income if they want to buy a home. Those who…

Early crop-tree release in even-aged stands of Appalachian hardwoods

Treesearch

George R., Jr. Trimble; George R. Trimble

1971-01-01

Now that even-aged silviculture is well established as a successful method of growing Appalachian hardwoods, a pressing need exists for guidelines for precommercial operations. We started research several years ago on the Fernow Experimental Forest near Parsons, West Virginia, to learn more about the cost and methodology of early crop-tree release in mountain hardwood...

The Development of Even-Aged Plantation Forests: An Exercise in Forest Stand Dynamics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, E. R.; Leslie, A. D.

2008-01-01

In this paper we present a field-based practical exercise that allows students in forestry, ecology and natural resources to develop their understanding of forest stand dynamics. The exercise involves measurement of key tree growth parameters in four even-aged, single-species plantation stands of different age but occupying sites with similar soil…

E-Learning in Art Education: Collaborative Meaning Making through Digital Art Production

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Quinn, Robert D.

2011-01-01

E-learning has seen incredible growth in the first decade of the 21st century. This growth is particularly noticeable in institutions of higher education. Even though distance learning has long been the method by which remote students have obtained course credit through correspondence study, e-learning is popular even among traditional on-campus…

Job Schedules That Work for Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ben-Ishai, Liz

2014-01-01

The price tag on a college education is higher than ever--but not having a degree is even more costly, according to recent studies. However, for lower-income students, getting to a college degree isn't so simple. Student financial need after grant aid (commonly referred to as "unmet need") averages $6,000 for students, even at…

The Relativistic Transformation for an Electromagnetic Plane Wave with General Time Dependence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Glenn S.

2012-01-01

In special relativity, the transformation between inertial frames for an electromagnetic plane wave is usually derived for the time-harmonic case (the field is a sinusoid of infinite duration), even though all practical waves are of finite duration and may not even contain a dominant sinusoid. This paper presents an alternative derivation in which…

Breeding birds of even- and uneven-aged pine forests of eastern Texas

Treesearch

Ronald E. Thill; Nancy E. Koerth

2005-01-01

While single-tree selection, uneven-aged management is being used increasingly on southern national forests as an alternative to clearcutting and planting of pine, its effects on wildlife are largely unknown. We compared breeding season bird abundance, species richness, diversity, and composition among uneven-aged stands and six seral stages of even-aged stands in...

Overhead shading and growth of young longleaf pine

Treesearch

John C. Gilbert; John S. Kush; Ralph S. Meldahl; William D. Boyer; Dean H. Gjerstad

2014-01-01

A study to determine the effects of environmental conditions on the growth of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) was initiated in 1969 on the Escambia Experimental Forest near Brewton, Alabama, USA. This study sample consisted of forty young naturally regenerated, even aged longleaf pine seedlings evenly divided between two soil types. At the beginning of the study...

Numerosity and Number Signs in Deaf Nicaraguan Adults

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flaherty, Molly; Senghas, Ann

2011-01-01

What abilities are entailed in being numerate? Certainly, one is the ability to hold the exact quantity of a set in mind, even as it changes, and even after its members can no longer be perceived. Is counting language necessary to track and reproduce exact quantities? Previous work with speakers of languages that lack number words involved…

The Meaning of English Words across Cultures, with a Focus on Cameroon and Hong Kong

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bobda, Augustin Simo

2009-01-01

A word, even when considered monosemic, generally has a cluster of meanings, depending on the mental representation of the referent by the speaker/writer or listener/reader. The variation is even more noticeable across cultures. This paper investigates the different ways in which cultural knowledge helps in the interpretation of English lexical…

Site index model for naturally regenerated even-aged longleaf pine

Treesearch

Dwight K. Lauer; John S. Kush

2013-01-01

Data from the Regional Longleaf Growth Study (339 permanent sample plots) were used to develop a site index model for naturally regenerated, even-aged longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). The site index equation was derived using the generalized algebraic difference approach and is base-age invariant. Using height as a measure of site productivity...

The Home Visit as a Teaching Event: Lessons from Eight Even Start Family Literacy Sites.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roth, Jeffrey

Family literacy programs have arisen in an attempt to break the cycle of intergenerational poverty and illiteracy. Numerous federally-supported family literacy programs have recognized the importance of instructing parents and children in a home setting. The legislation of Even Start seeks to integrate parenting education, adult basic education,…

Cross-Over Between Different Symmetries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frauendorf, S.

2014-09-01

The yrast states of even even vibrational and transitional nuclei are interpreted as a rotating condensate of interacting d-bosons. The corresponding semi-classical tidal wave concept is used for microscopic calculations of energies and E2 transition probabilities. The strong octupole correlations in the light rare earth and actinide nuclides are interpreted as rotation-induced condensation of interacting f-bosons.

Growing stock levels in even-aged ponderosa pine

Treesearch

Clifford A. Myers

1967-01-01

Growth of the most widely distributed pine in North America is under joint study by the western Forest and Range Experiment Stations of the U. S. Forest Service. Young, even-aged ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) stands are being examined over a wide range of tree sizes, stand densities, and site index. The single plan that co-...

75 FR 67796 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The National Securities Clearing Corporation; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-03

... specified time frames. \\6\\ CNS is an ongoing accounting system which nets today's settling trades with.... This allocation of securities is accomplished through an evening cycle followed by a day cycle. Positions which remain open after the evening cycle may be changed as a result of trades accepted for...

75 FR 38581 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; the Depository Trust Company; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-02

... customer account transfers within specified time frames. \\5\\ CNS is an ongoing accounting system which nets... by book-entry. This allocation of securities is accomplished through an evening cycle followed by a day cycle. Positions which remain open after the evening cycle may be changed as a result of trades...

The Educational Legacy of Ronald Reagan. The Cutting Edge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clabaugh, Gary K.

2004-01-01

At this writing former President Reagan has just been interred with much pomp, plus hours of nationally televised praise. Some enthusiasts have even proposed carving the former president's countenance into Mount Rushmore. History will decide whether or not Mr. Reagan ranks as a great, or even good, president. But the indecorous rush to laud his…

26 CFR 20.2041-3 - Powers of appointment created after October 21, 1942.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... death even though the exercise of the power is subject to the precedent giving of notice, or even though the exercise of the power takes effect only on the expiration of a stated period after its exercise... decedent's death if the condition precedent to its exercise had not occurred. (c) Joint powers created...

27 CFR 70.231 - Protection for certain interests even though notice filed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... notice of tax lien was filed before the mechanic undertook the work or that the mechanic knew of the lien before undertaking the work. (f) Real property tax and special assessment liens. Even though a notice of... filed before the contractor undertakes the work or that the contractor knew of the lien before...

Connecting to Your Community through Birds and Citizen Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fee, Jennifer; Trautmann, Nancy

2012-01-01

Birds are among the most fascinating creatures on Earth, found on every continent and prevalent even in human-dominated landscapes. Some are beautiful, others are accomplished singers, and all play important roles in the ecosystems in which they live. Even amateur birders have made important discoveries about birds, and there is still a lot to…

Laughter to Learning: How Humor Can Build Relationships and Increase Learning in the Online Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCabe, Crystal; Sprute, Katie; Underdown, Kimber

2017-01-01

Research has shown that students perceive their success, in even the most difficult courses, on their interactions and relationships with their instructors (Anderson, 2011; Micari & Pazos, 2012). In the online classroom, instructors run into an even greater challenge when it comes to engaging students, showing their personalities, and being…

Model forest landscape change in the Missouri Ozarks under alternative management practices

Treesearch

Stephen R. Shifley; Frank R. Thompson; David R. Larsen; William D. Dijak

2000-01-01

We used a spatially explicit landscape model, LANDIS, to simulate the effects of five management alternatives on a 3216 ha forest landscape in southeast Missouri, USA. We compared management alternatives among two intensities of even-aged management with clearcutting, uneven-aged management with group selection harvest, a mixture of even- and uneven-aged management,...

76 FR 76382 - Executive-Led Business Development Mission to Kabul, Afghanistan; February 2012* Dates Are Withheld

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-07

... security within and around the mission event.] Day One (weekend) Travel Day--Depart U.S. on evening flight. Day Two Travel Day--Participants arrive in transit city (tbd) and overnight in pre- arranged departure from transit city. Day Three Travel Day. Arrive in Kabul, Afghanistan (afternoon). Evening Event. Day...

Sensitivity of landscape metrics to pixel size

Treesearch

J. D. Wickham; K. H. Riitters

1995-01-01

Analysis of diversity and evenness metrics using land cover data are becoming formalized in landscape ecology. Diversity and evenness metrics are dependent on the pixel size (scale) over which the data are collected. Aerial photography was interpreted for land cover and converted into four raster data sets with 4, 12, 28, and 80 m pixel sizes, representing pixel sizes...

"That Was Me!": Applications of the Soundbeam MIDI Controller as a Key to Creative Communication, Learning, Independence and Joy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swingler, Tim

This paper describes the "Soundbeam MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) Controller," which allows even those students who have severe physical disabilities to create interesting aural and musical effects. Soundbeam works by emitting an invisible beam of high frequency sound inaudible to human ears. Even very slight interruptions…

An Individual-Tree Growth and Yield Prediction System for Even-Aged Natural Shortleaf Pine Forests

Treesearch

Thomas B. Lynch; Kenneth L. Hitch; Michael M. Huebschmann; Paul A. Murphy

1999-01-01

The development of a system of equations that model the growth and development of even-aged natural shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.) pine forests is described. The growth prediction system is a distance-independent individual-tree simulator containing equations that predict basal-area growth, survival, total and merchantable heights, and total and...

Under the Law: Vouchers Multiply Even without Public Support

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Underwood, Julie

2015-01-01

Public funding of private K-12 schooling through vouchers continues to be a contentious issue across the U.S., even though a solid majority of Americans continues to oppose them. The voucher plans run the risk of legal challenge for how they handle the rights of students with disabilities and whether they violate state constitutional provisions…

Bad Signs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kohn, Alfie

2010-01-01

One can tell quite a lot about what goes on in a classroom or a school even if one visits after everyone has gone home. Just by looking at the walls--or, more precisely, what's on the walls--it's possible to get a feel for the educational priorities, the attitudes about children, even the assumptions about human nature of the people in charge. In…

Low- and Moderate-Income Solar Policy Basics | State, Local, and Tribal

Science.gov Websites

scores, which can make attaining a loan for solar investments difficult. Even in cases where loans are translate into having less control over decisions about rooftop solar and utilities. Even in cases where LMI program) to increase local solar deployment. In other cases, CDFIs and CDEs can directly facilitate

24 CFR Appendix II to Subpart C of... - Development of Standards; Calculation Methods

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... radiation being emitted. The radiation can cause severe burn, injuries and even death to exposed persons... even death. Since it is assumed that children and the elderly could not take refuge behind walls or run... suffer any serious injury. Using this as the safety standard for blast overpressure, nomographs have been...

Critical Race Ethnography in Education: Narrative, Inequality and the Problem of Epistemology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duncan, Garrett Albert

2005-01-01

Data presented in a previously reported ethnographic research project indicated that an urban elementary school regularly subjects its students to dated curricular materials and supplies. As reported, this occurred even though the school had at its disposal updated and even state-of-the-art resources, such as computers, visual aids, curriculum and…