Transition to turbulence under low-pressure turbine conditions.

PubMed

Simon, T W; Kaszeta, R W

2001-05-01

In this paper, the topic of laminar to turbulent flow transition, as applied to the design of gas turbines, is discussed. Transition comes about when a flow becomes sufficiently unstable that the orderly vorticity structure of the laminar layer becomes randomly oriented. Vorticity with a streamwise component leads to rapid growth of eddies of a wide range of sizes and eventually to turbulent flow. Under "natural" transition, infinitesimal disturbances of selected frequencies grow. "Bypass transition" is a term coined to describe a similar process, but one driven by strong external disturbances. Transition proceeds so rapidly that the processes associated with "natural" transition seem to be "bypassed." Because the flow environment in the turbine is disturbed by wakes from upstream airfoils, eddies from combustor flows, jets from film cooling, separation zones on upstream airfoils and steps in the duct walls, transition is of the bypass mode. In this paper, we discuss work that has been done to characterize and model bypass transition, as applied to the turbine environment.

Assessing the performance of LOINC® and RadLex for coverage of CT scans across three sites in a health information exchange.

PubMed

Beitia, Anton Oscar; Kuperman, Gilad; Delman, Bradley N; Shapiro, Jason S

2013-01-01

We evaluated the performance of LOINC® and RadLex standard terminologies for covering CT test names from three sites in a health information exchange (HIE) with the eventual goal of building an HIE-based clinical decision support system to alert providers of prior duplicate CTs. Given the goal, the most important parameter to assess was coverage for high frequency exams that were most likely to be repeated. We showed that both LOINC® and RadLex provided sufficient coverage for our use case through calculations of (a) high coverage of 90% and 94%, respectively for the subset of CTs accounting for 99% of exams performed and (b) high concept token coverage (total percentage of exams performed that map to terminologies) of 92% and 95%, respectively. With trends toward greater interoperability, this work may provide a framework for those wishing to map radiology site codes to a standard nomenclature for purposes of tracking resource utilization.

XAssist: A System for the Automation of X-ray Astrophysics Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ptak, A.

2004-08-01

XAssist is a NASA AISR-funded project for the automation of X-ray astrophysics. It is capable of data reprocessing, source detection, and preliminary spatial, temporal and spectral analysis for each source with sufficient counts. The bulk of the system is written in Python, which in turn drives underlying software (CIAO for Chandra data, etc.). Future work will include a GUI (mainly for beginners and status monitoring) and the exposure of at least some functionality as web services. The latter will help XAssist to eventually become part of the VO, making advanced queries possible, such as determining the X-ray fluxes of counterparts to HST or SDSS sources (including the use of unpublished X-ray data), and add the ability of ``on-the-fly'' X-ray processing. Pipelines are running on Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of galaxies to demonstrate XAssist's capabilities, and the results are available online (in real time) at http://www.xassist.org. XAssist itself as well as various associated projects are available for download.

Variation in Protein and Calorie Consumption Following Protein Malnutrition in Rattus norvegicus

PubMed Central

Jones, Donna C.; German, Rebecca Z.

2013-01-01

Simple Summary Catch-up growth following malnutrition is likely influenced by available protein and calories. We measured calorie and protein consumption following the removal of protein malnutrition after 40, 60 and 90 days, in laboratory rats. Following the transition in diet, animals self-selected fewer calories, implying elevated protein is sufficient to fuel catch-up growth, eventually resulting in body weights and bone lengths greater or equal to those of control animals. Rats rehabilitated at younger ages, had more drastic alterations in consumption. Variable responses in different ages and sex highlight the plasticity of growth and how nutrition affects body form. This work furthers our understanding of how humans and livestock can recover from protein-restriction malnutrition, which seems to employ different biological responses. Abstract Catch-up growth rates, following protein malnutrition, vary with timing and duration of insult, despite unlimited access to calories. Understanding changing patterns of post-insult consumption, relative rehabilitation timing, can provide insight into the mechanisms driving those differences. We hypothesize that higher catch-up growth rates will be correlated with increased protein consumption, while calorie consumption could remain stable. As catch-up growth rates decrease with age/malnutrition duration, we predict a dose effect in protein consumption with rehabilitation timing. We measured total and protein consumption, body mass, and long bone length, following an increase of dietary protein at 40, 60 and 90 days, with two control groups (chronic reduced protein or standard protein) for 150+ days. Immediately following rehabilitation, rats’ food consumption decreased significantly, implying that elevated protein intake is sufficient to fuel catch-up growth rates that eventually result in body weights and long bone lengths greater or equal to final measures of chronically fed standard (CT) animals. The duration of protein restriction affected consumption: rats rehabilitated at younger ages had more drastic alterations in consumption of both calories and protein. While rehabilitated animals did compensate with greater protein consumption, variable responses in different ages and sex highlight the plasticity of growth and how nutrition affects body form. PMID:26487308

Human factor observations of the Biosphere 2, 1991-1993, closed life support human experiment and its application to a long-term manned mission to Mars.

PubMed

Alling, Abigail; Nelson, Mark; Silverstone, Sally; Van Thillo, Mark

2002-01-01

Human factors are a key component to the success of long-term space missions such as those necessitated by the human exploration of Mars and the development of bioregenerative and eventually self-sufficient life support systems for permanent space outposts. Observations by participants living inside the 1991-1993 Biosphere 2 closed system experiment provide the following insights. (1) Crew members should be involved in the design and construction of their life support systems to gain maximum knowledge about the systems. (2) Individuals living in closed life support systems should expect a process of physiological and psychological adaptation to their new environment. (3) Far from simply being a workplace, the participants in such extended missions will discover the importance of creating a cohesive and satisfying life style. (4) The crew will be dependent on the use of varied crops to create satisfying cuisine, a social life with sufficient outlets of expression such as art and music, and to have down-time from purely task-driven work. (5) The success of the Biosphere 2 first 2-year mission suggests that crews with high cultural diversity, high commitment to task, and work democracy principles for individual responsibility may increase the probability of both mission success and personal satisfaction. (6) Remaining challenges are many, including the need for far more comprehensive real-time modeling and information systems (a "cybersphere") operating to provide real-time data necessary for decision-making in a complex life support system. (7) And, the aim will be to create a noosphere, or sphere of intelligence, where the people and their living systems are in sustainable balance.

Optoelectronic Devices Based on Novel Semiconductor Structures

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-14

superlattices 4. TEM study and band -filling effects in quantum-well dots 5. Improvements on tuning ranges and output powers for widely-tunable THz sources...the pump power increases the relative strength for the QW emission in the QWD sample also increases. Eventually at the sufficiently- high pump power ...Ahopelto, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 2364 (1995). 5. A monochromatic and high - power THz source tunable in the ranges of 2.7-38.4 ptm and 58.2-3540 ptm for

[Use of computerized stabylometric footboard in evaluation of work suitability at height work in building firms].

PubMed

D'Orso, M I; Garaguso, M; Ferrari, G; Riva, M A; Gallamini, M; Cesana, G

2012-01-01

A relevant part of deadly work accidents and of severe work accidents reported in national specific statistics coming from INAIL is until today caused by workers' falls during their at height work activities. Medical evaluation of eventual workers' hyper susceptibility to fall caused by balance alterations, if included in medical surveillance, is frequently carried out by medical doctors using different subjective tests included in different clinical protocols. Use of a computerized stabylometric footboard on the contrary allows to obtain objective and reproducible data concerning vestibular function which, associated with traditional clinical medical evaluation, seem to better detect eventual presence of balance disturbances, especially those non clinically perceivable by workers and therefore more dangerous. We report results evidenced in a research carried out in a group of 185 workers engaged in building firms and having work tasks including phases of at height work.

Method of depositing a high-emissivity layer

DOEpatents

Wickersham, Charles E.; Foster, Ellis L.

1983-01-01

A method of depositing a high-emissivity layer on a substrate comprising RF sputter deposition of a carbide-containing target in an atmosphere of a hydrocarbon gas and a noble gas. As the carbide is deposited on the substrate the hydrocarbon gas decomposes to hydrogen and carbon. The carbon deposits on the target and substrate causing a carbide/carbon composition gradient to form on the substrate. At a sufficiently high partial pressure of hydrocarbon gas, a film of high-emissivity pure carbon will eventually form over the substrate.

Burnout Among Direct-Care Workers in Nursing Homes: Influences of Organizational, Work Place, Interpersonal, and Personal Characteristics.

PubMed

Yeatts, Dale E; Seckin, Gul; Shen, Yuying; Thompson, Michael; Auden, Dana; Cready, Cynthia M

2018-01-10

The many negative effects of burnout have prompted researchers to better understand the factors contributing to it. The purpose of this paper is to add to this body of knowledge through the study of burnout among direct care workers (DCWs) in nursing homes (NH). Perhaps the factor most often associated with employee burnout is the level of staffing-insufficient staffing results in work overload and eventually employee burnout. A closer look at research findings suggest that there are many other factors also contributing to burnout. These range from those at the organizational level, such as availability of training and resources to individual characteristics such as self-esteem and length of employment. A self-administered survey instrument was completed by 410 DCWs working within 11 NHs in the north Texas region. Regression analyses were performed, adjusting for clustering by NH. Beta coefficients and structure coefficients are reported. Burnout was measured through three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Organizational, work design, interpersonal, and individual characteristics were found to be associated with one or more dimensions of burnout. The analyses largely support previous research. Organizational variables of significance included the availability of resources to do the work, available training, and fair pay. Work design variables of significance included adequate staffing. The individual characteristic, self-esteem, appeared to have the strongest impact on burnout. Commitment to the organization also had a large impact. While the data do not allow for the testing of causal relationships, the data do suggest that providing adequate staffing, perceived fair pay, sufficient work resources (e.g., towels, gowns), management support, and adequate training may result in less DCW burnout on the job. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Career pathways and destinations 18 years on among doctors who qualified in the United Kingdom in 1977: postal questionnaire survey.

PubMed

Davidson, J M; Lambert, T W; Goldacre, M J

1998-11-21

To determine the career destinations, by 1995, of doctors who qualified in the United Kingdom in 1977; the relation between their destinations and early career choice; and their intentions regarding retirement age. Postal questionnaire. United Kingdom. All (n=3135) medical qualifiers of 1977. Current employment; year by year trends in the percentage of doctors who worked in the NHS, in other medical posts in the United Kingdom, abroad, in non-medical posts, outside medicine, and in part time work; intentions regarding retirement age. After about 12 years the distribution of respondents by type of employment, and, for women, the percentage of doctors in part time rather than full time medical work, had stabilised. Of all 2997 qualifiers from medical schools in Great Britain, 2399 (80.0% (95% confidence interval 79.5% to 80.6%)) were working in medicine in the NHS in Great Britain 18 years after qualifying. Almost half the women (318/656) worked in the NHS part time. Of 1714 doctors in the NHS, 1125 intended to work in the NHS until normal retirement age, 392 did not, and 197 were undecided. Of the 1548 doctors for whom we had sufficient information, career destinations at 18 years matched the choices made at 1, 3, and 5 years in 58.9% (912), 78.2% (1211), and 86.6% (1341) of cases respectively. Planning for the medical workforce needs to be supported by information about doctors' career plans, destinations, and whole time equivalent years of work. Postgraduate training needs to take account of doctors' eventual choice of specialty (and the timing of this choice).

Effects of a no-go Task 2 on Task 1 performance in dual - tasking: From benefits to costs.

PubMed

Janczyk, Markus; Huestegge, Lynn

2017-04-01

When two tasks are combined in a dual-task experiment, characteristics of Task 2 can influence Task 1 performance, a phenomenon termed the backward crosstalk effect (BCE). Besides instances depending on the (spatial) compatibility of both responses, a particularly interesting example was introduced by Miller (2006): If Task 2 was a no-go task (i.e., one not requiring any action at all), responses were slowed in Task 1. Subsequent work, however, also reported the opposite result-that is, faster Task 1 responses in cases of no-go Task 2 trials. We report three experiments aiming to more precisely identify the conditions under which a no-go Task 2 facilitates or impedes Task 1 performance. The results suggest that an adverse no-go BCE is only observed when the Task 2 response(s) are sufficiently prepared in advance, yielding strong inhibitory control demands for Task 2 that eventually hamper Task 1 processing as well (i.e., inhibitory costs). If this is not the case, encountering a no-go Task 2 trial facilitates Task 1 performance, suggesting that the underlying task representation is reduced to a single - task. These results are discussed in the context of other recent work on BCEs and of recently suggested accounts of the no-go BCE.

Bounds for the Eventual Positivity of Difference Functions of Partitions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woodford, Roger

2007-01-01

In this paper we specialize work done by Bateman and Erdos concerning difference functions of partition functions. In particular, we are concerned with partitions into fixed powers of the primes. We show that any difference function of these partition functions is eventually increasing, and derive explicit bounds for when it will attain strictly positive values. From these bounds an asymptotic result is derived.

The evolutionary origin of the need to sleep: an inevitable consequence of synaptic neurotransmission?

PubMed

Cantor, Robert S

2015-01-01

It is proposed that the evolutionary origin of the need to sleep is the removal of neurotransmitters (NTs) that escape reuptake and accumulate in brain interstitial fluid (ISF). Recent work suggests that the activity of ionotropic postsynaptic receptors, rapidly initiated by binding of NTs to extracellular sites, is modulated over longer times by adsorption of these NTs to the lipid bilayers in which the receptors are embedded. This bilayer-mediated mechanism is far less molecularly specific than binding, so bilayer adsorption of NTs that have diffused into synapses for other receptors would modulate their activity as well. Although NTs are recycled by membrane protein reuptake, the process is less than 100% efficient; a fraction escapes the region in which these specific reuptake proteins are localized and eventually diffuses throughout the ISF. It is estimated that even if only 0.1% of NTs escape reuptake, they would accumulate and adsorb to bilayers in synapses of other receptors sufficiently to affect receptor activity, the harmful consequences of which are avoided by sleep: a period of efficient convective clearance of solutes together with greatly reduced synaptic activity.

Experimental Design for the Evaluation of Detection Techniques of Hidden Corrosion Beneath the Thermal Protective System of the Space Shuttle Orbiter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kammerer, Catherine C.; Jacoby, Joseph A.; Lomness, Janice K.; Hintze, Paul E.; Russell, Richard W.

2007-01-01

The United States Space Operational Space Shuttle Fleet Consists of three shuttles with an average age of 19.7 years. Shuttles are exposed to corrosive conditions while undergoing final closeout for missions at the launch pad and extreme conditions during ascent, orbit, and descent that may accelerate the corrosion process. Structural corrosion under TPS could progress undetected (without tile removal) and eventually result in reduction in structural capability sufficient to create negative margins of . safety and ultimate loss of local structural capability.

Consideration of Dynamical Balances

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Errico, Ronald M.

2015-01-01

The quasi-balance of extra-tropical tropospheric dynamics is a fundamental aspect of nature. If an atmospheric analysis does not reflect such balance sufficiently well, the subsequent forecast will exhibit unrealistic behavior associated with spurious fast-propagating gravity waves. Even if these eventually damp, they can create poor background fields for a subsequent analysis or interact with moist physics to create spurious precipitation. The nature of this problem will be described along with the reasons for atmospheric balance and techniques for mitigating imbalances. Attention will be focused on fundamental issues rather than on recipes for various techniques.

Making Ends Meet: Insufficiency and Work-Family Coordination in the New Economy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edgell, Penny; Ammons, Samantha K.; Dahlin, Eric C.

2012-01-01

The "New Economy" features 24/7 employment, varied work schedules, job insecurity, and lower benefits and wages, which lead to disparities in experiences of security and sufficiency. This study investigates sufficiency concerns in the New Economy; who is having trouble making ends meet? Sufficiency concerns are subjective perceptions that work is…

41 CFR 102-5.95 - Is the comfort and/or convenience of an employee considered sufficient justification to authorize...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... convenience of an employee considered sufficient justification to authorize home-to-work transportation? 102-5...-to-Work Transportation § 102-5.95 Is the comfort and/or convenience of an employee considered sufficient justification to authorize home-to-work transportation? No, the comfort and/or convenience of an...

Productivity loss of caregivers of schizophrenia patients: a cross-sectional survey in Japan.

PubMed

Sruamsiri, Rosarin; Mori, Yasuhiro; Mahlich, Jörg

2018-04-27

When a family member is diagnosed with schizophrenia, it causes stress to the caregiver that can eventually result in missed work days and lower work performance. This study aims at revealing productivity costs for caregivers of schizophrenia patients in Japan. A cross-sectional survey of caregivers was conducted and resulted in 171 respondents. The assessment of work productivity included calculating the costs of absenteeism, presenteeism and total productivity costs. This was accomplished using the "Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire" (WPAI). A relative majority of caregivers in the sample provided care for their spouse (47%), 18% cared for their brother or sister and 16% provided care for their child. Per capita productivity costs totaled JPY 2.42 million, with JPY 2.36 million (97%) of that amount being due to presenteeism. The burden on caregivers is substantial enough to warrant structured support programs aimed at maintaining careers' physical and mental health, helping them provide more effective care to schizophrenia patients and eventually increase productivity at work.

[Structural quality in psychiatric and psychotherapeutic hospitals].

PubMed

Klimke, A; Godemann, F; Hauth, I; Deister, A

2015-05-01

The new German flat rate reimbursement system for psychiatry and psychosomatics (PEPP) is primarily based on the diagnostic classification and the costs of therapeutic processes. In 2019 the current normative standard for calculating the therapeutic staff in psychiatric clinics (Psych-PV) will be substituted by a stepwise adaptation process over 5 years. Using regionally calculated remuneration factors, all clinic budgets should eventually converge to comparable values. Major factors influencing the structural quality of therapy in psychiatric clinics are identified and recommendations are given to support the work of the Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) which has been appointed to develop new recommendations for the minimum setting of personnel requirements. The full reimbursement of the necessary staff and of the costs resulting from outsourcing of day clinics and outpatient departments in the community, including the obligation to treat psychiatric emergency patients is mandatory and currently not sufficiently guaranteed in the new PEPP system. A workflow which opens the possibility to finance therapeutic innovations (e.g. psychotherapy) and helps to overcome the financial sectorial boundaries between inpatient and outpatient treatment is also missing. A mandatory recommendation for minimum staff settings needs a guaranteed full financing from the political side. Additionally, important would be an option for financing of therapeutic innovations and increased costs because of changed patient structures with respect to diagnosis and severity. Moreover, a sufficient remuneration for regional treatment responsibilities and for additional financial outlay resulting from structural costs for regionally outsourced departments is needed to avoid supplementary financing by reducing the budget for the therapeutic staff.

New York can be our nation's center for Alzheimer's research.

PubMed

Vann, Allan S

2014-09-01

More than 5 million people in this country have Alzheimer's disease, and more than 300,000 of those with Alzheimer's live in New York. By 2025, it is estimated that there will be 350,000 residents living with Alzheimer's in New York. Congressman Steve Israel and New York Assemblyman Charles Lavine issued a joint proposal in June, 2013 suggesting that New York become this country's center for Alzheimer's research. Obviously, they would both like to see increased federal funding, but they also know that we cannot count on that happening. So Israel and Lavine have proposed a $3 billion state bonding initiative to secure sufficient funding to tackle this disease. It would be similar to the bonding initiatives that have made California and Texas this nation's centers for stem cell and cancer research. The bond would provide a dedicated funding stream to support research to find effective means to treat, cure, and eventually prevent Alzheimer's, and fund programs to help people currently dealing with Alzheimer's and their caregivers. New York already has some of the major "ingredients" to make an Alzheimer's bond initiative a success, including 3 of our nation's 29 Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers and some of the finest research facilities in the nation for genetic and neuroscience research. One can only imagine the synergy of having these world class institutions working on cooperative grants and projects with sufficient funding to attract even more world class researchers and scientists to New York to find ways to prevent, treat, and cure Alzheimer's. © The Author(s) 2014.

Complex Organic Parents during Star-Forming Infall

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Drozdovskaya, Maria; Walsh, Catherine; Visser, Ruud; Harsono, Daniel; van Dishoeck, Ewine

2013-07-01

Stars are born upon the gravitation infall of clumps in molecular clouds. Complex organic compounds have been observed to accompany star formation and are also believed to be the simplest ingredients to life. Therefore understanding complex organics under star forming conditions is fundamentally interesting. This work models the formation and distribution of several potential parent species for complex organic compounds, such as formaldehyde (H2CO) and methanol (CH3OH), along trajectories of matter parcels, as they undergo infall from the cold outer envelope towards the hot core region and eventually onto the disk. The code from Visser et al. (2009, 2011) serves as the basis for this research. The gas-phase chemistry network has now been expanded with grain-surface reactions to form CH3OH and, ultimately, larger organics such as methyl formate (HCOOCH3) and dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3). The intention behind this work is to obtain information on complex organic parents in the star formation scenario by means of a physically and chemically robust model. The availability of complex organic compounds will vary depending on where the parent species are abundant, such as in the pre-stellar stage, hot-core, or only in the disk; and where they are available for a sufficient amount of time for the complexity enhancement. Such model-based conclusions can then be used in order to explain the observational data on complex organic compounds.

Human Resources: Solving Work and Life Challenges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bartley, Sharon Jeffcoat

2003-01-01

Work-life issues are those problems employees have that impact their ability to perform their work and may lead to increasing levels of stress. Stress over time can lead to low employee morale, lower productivity, decreased job satisfaction and eventually to sickness and absenteeism. In extreme cases, stress can result in substance abuse or…

Massive juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: ode to the open surgical approach.

PubMed

Meher, Ravi; Arora, Nikhil; Bhargava, Eishaan Kamta; Juneja, Ruchika

2017-08-01

The management of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma has undergone a significant evolution, with more surgeons moving towards the minimal invasive endoscopic approaches. Although considered the standard of care by most, an endoscopic approach may not be sufficient for extensive tumours, as exemplified by the current case of a young man presenting with the largest juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma described in English literature until the present that was eventually excised via an anterior external approach. © BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

A class of stochastic delayed SIR epidemic models with generalized nonlinear incidence rate and temporary immunity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fan, Kuangang; Zhang, Yan; Gao, Shujing; Wei, Xiang

2017-09-01

A class of SIR epidemic model with generalized nonlinear incidence rate is presented in this paper. Temporary immunity and stochastic perturbation are also considered. The existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution is achieved. Sufficient conditions guaranteeing the extinction and persistence of the epidemic disease are established. Moreover, the threshold behavior is discussed, and the threshold value R0 is obtained. We show that if R0 < 1, the disease eventually becomes extinct with probability one, whereas if R0 > 1, then the system remains permanent in the mean.

Authorship issues in multi-centre clinical trials: the importance of making an authorship contract.

PubMed

Rosenberg, Jacob; Burcharth, Jakob; Pommergaard, Hans-Christian; Vinther, Siri

2015-02-01

Discussions about authorship often arise in multi-centre clinical trials. Such trials may involve up to hundreds of contributors of whom some will eventually co-author the final publication. It is, however, often impossible to involve all contributors in the manuscript process sufficiently for them to qualify for authorship as defined by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Therefore, rules for authorship in multi-centre trials are strongly recommended. We propose two contracts to prevent conflicts regarding authorship; both are freely available for use without pay but with reference to the original source.

Fatigue failure processes in aligned carbon-epoxy laminates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Piggott, Michael R.; Lam, Patrick W. K.

The failure mechanism involved in the tensile-tensile fatigue of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrices may be initiated by the fiber curvature that can be present in the composite. The varying stresses encountered in fatigue begin to damage the composite at the antinodes of the fiber profiles, perhaps in the form of fiber debonds that generate matrix cracks and result in comminution of the polymer; eventually, as the process proceeds, the flexural stresses in the fiber are sufficiently great to cause early fiber failure in wavy regions. The breaks are connected by splits in the polymer.

Evaluation of a Proposed Modified F/FB-111 Crew Seat and Restraint System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-11-01

each target’s path in the X-Z plane throughout the impact. (See sample plots.) Computing velocities and accelerations was a simple matter in the...until this work unit is retired. The experimental results will eventually be recorded within a permanent data bank at AFAMRL. The sample data plots were... experimental results will eventually be recorded within a permanent data bank at AFAMRL. The sample data plots were selected based on the subject who had the

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - NASA Vehicle Manager for Discovery, Stephanie Stilson poses for a photo after working with a KSC Web team who were filming a special feature for the KSC Web. Stilson explained her role in the recent Orbiter Major Modification period, which included inspection, modifications and reservicing of most systems onboard. The work on Discovery also included the installation of a Multifunction Electronic Display Subsystem (MEDS) - a state-of-the-art “glass cockpit.” The orbiter is now being prepared for eventual launch on a future mission.

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-01-22

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - NASA Vehicle Manager for Discovery, Stephanie Stilson poses for a photo after working with a KSC Web team who were filming a special feature for the KSC Web. Stilson explained her role in the recent Orbiter Major Modification period, which included inspection, modifications and reservicing of most systems onboard. The work on Discovery also included the installation of a Multifunction Electronic Display Subsystem (MEDS) - a state-of-the-art “glass cockpit.” The orbiter is now being prepared for eventual launch on a future mission.

Thermo-Hydraulic Analysis of Heat Storage Filled with the Ceramic Bricks Dedicated to the Solar Air Heating System

PubMed Central

Nemś, Magdalena; Nemś, Artur; Kasperski, Jacek; Pomorski, Michał

2017-01-01

This article presents the results of a study into a packed bed filled with ceramic bricks. The designed storage installation is supposed to become part of a heating system installed in a single-family house and eventually to be integrated with a concentrated solar collector adapted to climate conditions in Poland. The system’s working medium is air. The investigated temperature ranges and air volume flow rates in the ceramic bed were dictated by the planned integration with a solar air heater. Designing a packed bed of sufficient parameters first required a mathematical model to be constructed and heat exchange to be analyzed, since heat accumulation is a complex process influenced by a number of material properties. The cases discussed in the literature are based on differing assumptions and different formulas are used in calculations. This article offers a comparison of various mathematical models and of system operating parameters obtained from these models. The primary focus is on the Nusselt number. Furthermore, in the article, the thermo-hydraulic efficiency of the investigated packed bed is presented. This part is based on a relationship used in solar air collectors with internal storage. PMID:28805703

Thermo-Hydraulic Analysis of Heat Storage Filled with the Ceramic Bricks Dedicated to the Solar Air Heating System.

PubMed

Nemś, Magdalena; Nemś, Artur; Kasperski, Jacek; Pomorski, Michał

2017-08-12

This article presents the results of a study into a packed bed filled with ceramic bricks. The designed storage installation is supposed to become part of a heating system installed in a single-family house and eventually to be integrated with a concentrated solar collector adapted to climate conditions in Poland. The system's working medium is air. The investigated temperature ranges and air volume flow rates in the ceramic bed were dictated by the planned integration with a solar air heater. Designing a packed bed of sufficient parameters first required a mathematical model to be constructed and heat exchange to be analyzed, since heat accumulation is a complex process influenced by a number of material properties. The cases discussed in the literature are based on differing assumptions and different formulas are used in calculations. This article offers a comparison of various mathematical models and of system operating parameters obtained from these models. The primary focus is on the Nusselt number. Furthermore, in the article, the thermo-hydraulic efficiency of the investigated packed bed is presented. This part is based on a relationship used in solar air collectors with internal storage.

First Demonstration of a Coronal Mass Ejection Driven by Helicity Condensation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dahlin, J. T.; Antiochos, S. K.; DeVore, C. R.

2017-12-01

Understanding the mechanism for CMEs/eruptive flares is one of the most important problems in all space science. Two classes of theories have been proposed: ideal processes such as the torus instability, or magnetic reconnection as in the breakout model. Previous simulations of eruptions have used special assumptions, such as a particular initial condition ripe for instability and/or particular boundary conditions designed to induce eruption. We report on a simulation in which the initial state is the minimum-energy potential field, and the system is driven solely by the small-scale random motions observed for photospheric convection. The only requirement on the system is that the flows are sufficiently complex to induce pervasive and random reconnection throughout the volume, as expected for coronal heating, and a net helicity is injected into the corona, in agreement with the observed hemispheric helicity preference. We find that as a result of a turbulent-like cascade, the helicity "condenses" onto a polarity inversion line forming a filament channel, which eventually erupts explosively. We discuss the implications of this fully self-consistent eruption simulation for understanding CMEs/flares and for interpreting coronal observations. This work was supported by the NASA LWS and SR Programs.

Simulation and Preliminary Design of a Cold Stream Experiment on Omega EP

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Coffing, Shane; Angulo, Adrianna; Trantham, Matt; Malamud, Guy; Kuranz, Carolyn; Drake, R. P.

2017-10-01

Galaxies form within dark matter halos, accreting gas that may clump and eventually form stars. Infalling matter gradually increases the density of the halo, and, if cooling is insufficient, rising pressure forms a shock that slows the infalling gas, reducing star formation. However, galaxies with sufficient cooling become prolific star formers. A recent theory suggests that so called ``stream fed galaxies'' are able to acquire steady streams of cold gas via galactic ``filaments'' that penetrate the halo. The cold, dense filament flowing into a hot, less dense environment is potentially Kelvin-Helmholtz unstable. This instability may hinder the ability of the stream to deliver gas deeply enough into the halo. To study this process, we have begun preliminary design of a well-scaled laser experiment on Omega EP. We present here early simulation results and the physics involved. This work is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, through the NNSA-DS and SC-OFES Joint Program in High-Energy-Density Laboratory Plasmas, Grant Number DE-NA0002956, and the National Laser User Facility Program, Grant Number DE-NA0002719, and through the Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester by the NNSA/OICF under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-NA0001944.

PLASMA TURBULENCE AND KINETIC INSTABILITIES AT ION SCALES IN THE EXPANDING SOLAR WIND

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hellinger, Petr; Trávnícek, Pavel M.; Matteini, Lorenzo

The relationship between a decaying strong turbulence and kinetic instabilities in a slowly expanding plasma is investigated using two-dimensional (2D) hybrid expanding box simulations. We impose an initial ambient magnetic field perpendicular to the simulation box, and we start with a spectrum of large-scale, linearly polarized, random-phase Alfvénic fluctuations that have energy equipartition between kinetic and magnetic fluctuations and vanishing correlation between the two fields. A turbulent cascade rapidly develops; magnetic field fluctuations exhibit a power-law spectrum at large scales and a steeper spectrum at ion scales. The turbulent cascade leads to an overall anisotropic proton heating, protons are heatedmore » in the perpendicular direction, and, initially, also in the parallel direction. The imposed expansion leads to generation of a large parallel proton temperature anisotropy which is at later stages partly reduced by turbulence. The turbulent heating is not sufficient to overcome the expansion-driven perpendicular cooling and the system eventually drives the oblique firehose instability in a form of localized nonlinear wave packets which efficiently reduce the parallel temperature anisotropy. This work demonstrates that kinetic instabilities may coexist with strong plasma turbulence even in a constrained 2D regime.« less

Work-life balance and subjective well-being: the mediating role of need fulfilment.

PubMed

Gröpel, Peter; Kuhl, Julius

2009-05-01

The relationship between work-life balance (WLB) (i.e. the perceived sufficiency of the time available for work and social life) and well-being is well-documented. However, previous research failed to sufficiently explain why this relationship exists. In this research, the hypothesis was tested that a sufficient amount of the time available increases well-being because it facilitates satisfaction of personal needs. Using two separate samples (students and employees), the mediating role of need fulfilment in the relationship between WLB and well-being was supported. The results suggest that perceived sufficiency of the time available for work and social life predicts the level of well-being only if the individual's needs are fulfilled within that time.

Bubble propagation in Hele-Shaw channels with centred constrictions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Franco-Gómez, Andrés; Thompson, Alice B.; Hazel, Andrew L.; Juel, Anne

2018-04-01

We study the propagation of finite bubbles in a Hele-Shaw channel, where a centred occlusion (termed a rail) is introduced to provide a small axially uniform depth constriction. For bubbles wide enough to span the channel, the system’s behaviour is similar to that of semi-infinite fingers and a symmetric static solution is stable. Here, we focus on smaller bubbles, in which case the symmetric static solution is unstable and the static bubble is displaced towards one of the deeper regions of the channel on either side of the rail. Using a combination of experiments and numerical simulations of a depth-averaged model, we show that a bubble propagating axially due to a small imposed flow rate can be stabilised in a steady symmetric mode centred on the rail through a subtle interaction between stabilising viscous forces and destabilising surface tension forces. However, for sufficiently large capillary numbers Ca, the ratio of viscous to surface tension forces, viscous forces in turn become destabilising thus returning the bubble to an off-centred propagation regime. With decreasing bubble size, the range of Ca for which steady centred propagation is stable decreases, and eventually vanishes through the coalescence of two supercritical pitchfork bifurcations. The depth-averaged model is found to accurately predict all the steady modes of propagation observed experimentally, and provides a comprehensive picture of the underlying steady bifurcation structure. However, for sufficiently large imposed flow rates, we find that initially centred bubbles do not converge onto a steady mode of propagation. Instead they transiently explore weakly unstable steady modes, an evolution which results in their break-up and eventual settling into a steady propagating state of changed topology.

Synthesis of Intrinsically Disordered Fluorinated Peptides for Modular Design of High-Signal 19 F MRI Agents.

PubMed

Kirberger, Steven E; Maltseva, Sofia D; Manulik, Joseph C; Einstein, Samuel A; Weegman, Bradley P; Garwood, Michael; Pomerantz, William C K

2017-06-01

19 F MRI is valuable for in vivo imaging due to the only trace amounts of fluorine in biological systems. Because of the low sensitivity of MRI however, designing new fluorochemicals remains a significant challenge for achieving sufficient 19 F signal. Here, we describe a new class of high-signal, water-soluble fluorochemicals as 19 F MRI imaging agents. A polyamide backbone is used for tuning the proteolytic stability to avoid retention within the body, which is a limitation of current state-of-the-art perfluorochemicals. We show that unstructured peptides containing alternating N-ϵ-trifluoroacetyllysine and lysine provide a degenerate 19 F NMR signal. 19 F MRI phantom images provide sufficient contrast at micromolar concentrations, showing promise for eventual clinical applications. Finally, the degenerate high signal characteristics were retained when conjugated to a large protein, indicating potential for in vivo targeting applications, including molecular imaging and cell tracking. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

24 CFR 960.601 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Self-Sufficiency Work Activities § 960.601 Definitions. (a) Definitions found elsewhere—(1) General... 5, subpart F of this title: economic self-sufficiency program, work activities. (b) Other...: Community service. The performance of voluntary work or duties that are a public benefit, and that serve to...

Space Station

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-01-01

In 1982, the Space Station Task Force was formed, signaling the initiation of the Space Station Freedom Program, and eventually resulting in the Marshall Space Flight Center's responsibilities for Space Station Work Package 1.

20 CFR 411.100 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Introduction § 411... Security Act which establishes the Ticket to Work and Self-Sufficiency Program (hereafter referred to as... provisions relating to employment networks in the Ticket to Work program. (f) Subpart F contains provisions...

Sick Sinus Syndrome

MedlinePlus

... rhythm problems (arrhythmias) in which the heart's natural pacemaker (sinus node) doesn't work properly. The sinus ... people with sick sinus syndrome eventually need a pacemaker to keep the heart in a regular rhythm. ...

Science Directorate Publications and Presentations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Summers, F. G. (Compiler)

2000-01-01

This document lists the significant publications and presentation of the Science Directorate during the period January 1-December 31, 1999. Entries in the main part of the document are categorized according to NASA Reports (arranged by report number). Open Literature, and Presentations (arranged alphabetically by title). Most of the articles listed under Open Literature have appeared in refereed professional journals, books, monographs, or conference proceedings. Although many published abstracts are eventually expanded into full papers for publication in scientific and technical journals, they are often sufficiently comprehensive to include the significant results of the research reported. Therefore, published abstracts are listed separately in a section under Open Literature.

Science Directorate Publications and Presentations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Summers, F. G.

2000-07-01

This document lists the significant publications and presentation of the Science Directorate during the period January 1-December 31, 1999. Entries in the main part of the document are categorized according to NASA Reports (arranged by report number). Open Literature, and Presentations (arranged alphabetically by title). Most of the articles listed under Open Literature have appeared in refereed professional journals, books, monographs, or conference proceedings. Although many published abstracts are eventually expanded into full papers for publication in scientific and technical journals, they are often sufficiently comprehensive to include the significant results of the research reported. Therefore, published abstracts are listed separately in a section under Open Literature.

Science Directorate Publications and Presentations, January 1 - December 31, 2002

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Summers, F. G. (Compiler)

2003-01-01

This Technical Memorandum lists the significant publications and presentations of the Science Directorate during the period January 1-December 31, 2002. Entries in the main part of the document are categorized according to NASA Reports (arranged by report number), Open Literature, and Presentations (arranged alphabetically by title). Most of the articles listed under Open Literature have appeared in refereed professional journals, books, monographs, or conference proceedings. Although many published abstracts are eventually expanded into full papers for publication in scientific and technical journals, they are often sufficiently comprehensive to include the significant results of the research reported. Therefore, published abstracts are listed separately in a subsection under Open Literature.

Fabrication in Space - What Materials are Needed?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Good, J

2007-01-01

In order to sustain life on the moon, and especially on Mars, the inhabitants must be self-sufficient. As on Earth, electronic and mechanical systems will break down and must be repaired. It is not realistic to "send" parts to the moon or Mars in an effort to replace failed ones or have spares for all components. It will be important to have spares on hand and even better would be to have the capability to fabricate parts in situ. The In Situ Fabrication and Repair (ISFR) team is working to develop the Arcam Electron Beam Melting (EBM) machine as the manufacturing process that will have the capability to produce repair parts, as well as new designs, and tooling on the lunar surface and eventually on Mars. What materials will be available for the inhabitants to use? What materials would be most useful? The EBM process is versatile and can handle a multitude of materials. These include titanium, stainless steels, aluminums, inconels, and copper alloys. Research has shown what parts have failed during past space missions and this data has been compiled and assessed. The EBM machine is fully capable of processing these materials of choice. Additionally, the long-term goal is to use the lunar regolith as a viable feedstock. Preliminary work has been performed to assess the feasibility of using raw lunar regolith as a material source or use a binder combined with the regolith to achieve a good melt.

Technical Performance Measurement, Earned Value, and Risk Management: An Integrated Diagnostic Tool for Program Management

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-06-01

time, the monkey would eventually produce the collected works of Shakespeare . Unfortunately for the analogist, systems, even live ones, do not work...limited his simulated computer monkey to producing, in a single random step, the sentence uttered by Polonius in the play Hamlet : “Methinks it is

Advancement Programs for Disattached Youth: Do They Work? Publication No. 113.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gottlieb, Avi

This study of the effects of the Israeli rehabilitation system on disattached youth found little evidence that the programs examined had any impact. Israeli adolescents who neither work nor study are considered to be disattached. These youth are eventually absorbed into a variety of both voluntary and involuntary community residential educational…

Influence of beta-radiation sterilisation in properties of new chitosan/soybean protein isolate membranes for guided bone regeneration.

PubMed

Silva, R M; Elvira, C; Mano, J F; San Román, J; Reis, R L

2004-04-01

Novel chitosan (cts) and soybean protein isolate (SI) blended membranes were prepared. These membranes were produced by solvent casting. Besides combining the advantages of both materials, cts/SI membranes exhibit a biphasic structure that will eventually originate in situ porous formation, through a two-step degradation mechanism. In this particular work the effect of beta-radiation over the properties of these membranes was evaluated. beta-radiation sterilisation was performed at three different doses (25, 50 and 100 kGy) and eventual surface chemical changes were evaluated by Fourier transformed infrared--with attenuated total reflection and contact angle measurements. Moreover, eventual bulk properties changes due to beta-radiation were assessed by means of mechanical tensile tests and water uptake measurements. In general, no substantial changes were detected on the studied properties, with the exception of the surface energy that was found to be slightly increased for higher applied doses.

The benefits of a fast reactor closed fuel cycle in the UK

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gregg, R.; Hesketh, K.

2013-07-01

The work has shown that starting a fast reactor closed fuel cycle in the UK, requires virtually all of Britain's existing and future PWR spent fuel to be reprocessed, in order to obtain the plutonium needed. The existing UK Pu stockpile is sufficient to initially support only a modest SFR 'closed' fleet assuming spent fuel can be reprocessed shortly after discharge (i.e. after two years cooling). For a substantial fast reactor fleet, most Pu will have to originate from reprocessing future spent PWR fuel. Therefore, the maximum fast reactor fleet size will be limited by the preceding PWR fleet size,more » so scenarios involving fast reactors still require significant quantities of uranium ore indirectly. However, once a fast reactor fuel cycle has been established, the very substantial quantities of uranium tails in the UK would ensure there is sufficient material for several centuries. Both the short and long term impacts on a repository have been considered in this work. Over the short term, the decay heat emanating from the HLW and spent fuel will limit the density of waste within a repository. For scenarios involving fast reactors, the only significant heat bearing actinide content will be present in the final cores, resulting in a 50% overall reduction in decay energy deposited within the repository when compared with an equivalent open fuel cycle. Over the longer term, radiological dose becomes more important. Total radiotoxicity (normalised by electricity generated) is lower for scenarios with Pu recycle after 2000 years. Scenarios involving fast reactors have the lowest radiotoxicity since the quantities of certain actinides (Np, Pu and Am) eventually stabilise. However, total radiotoxicity as a measure of radiological risk does not account for differences in radionuclide mobility once in repository. Radiological dose is dominated by a small number of fission products so is therefore not affected significantly by reactor type or recycling strategy (since the fission product will primarily be a function of nuclear energy generated). However, by reprocessing spent fuel, it is possible to immobilise the fission product in a more suitable waste form that has far more superior in-repository performance. (authors)« less

PRESCHOOL SPEECH ARTICULATION AND NONWORD REPETITION ABILITIES MAY HELP PREDICT EVENTUAL RECOVERY OR PERSISTENCE OF STUTTERING

PubMed Central

Spencer, Caroline; Weber-Fox, Christine

2014-01-01

Purpose In preschool children, we investigated whether expressive and receptive language, phonological, articulatory, and/or verbal working memory proficiencies aid in predicting eventual recovery or persistence of stuttering. Methods Participants included 65 children, including 25 children who do not stutter (CWNS) and 40 who stutter (CWS) recruited at age 3;9–5;8. At initial testing, participants were administered the Test of Auditory Comprehension of Language, 3rd edition (TACL-3), Structured Photographic Expressive Language Test, 3rd edition (SPELT-3), Bankson-Bernthal Test of Phonology-Consonant Inventory subtest (BBTOP-CI), Nonword Repetition Test (NRT; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998), and Test of Auditory Perceptual Skills-Revised (TAPS-R) auditory number memory and auditory word memory subtests. Stuttering behaviors of CWS were assessed in subsequent years, forming groups whose stuttering eventually persisted (CWS-Per; n=19) or recovered (CWS-Rec; n=21). Proficiency scores in morphosyntactic skills, consonant production, verbal working memory for known words, and phonological working memory and speech production for novel nonwords obtained at the initial testing were analyzed for each group. Results CWS-Per were less proficient than CWNS and CWS-Rec in measures of consonant production (BBTOP-CI) and repetition of novel phonological sequences (NRT). In contrast, receptive language, expressive language, and verbal working memory abilities did not distinguish CWS-Rec from CWS-Per. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that preschool BBTOP-CI scores and overall NRT proficiency significantly predicted future recovery status. Conclusion Results suggest that phonological and speech articulation abilities in the preschool years should be considered with other predictive factors as part of a comprehensive risk assessment for the development of chronic stuttering. PMID:25173455

Aryl Trifluoromethyl Iximes: potential new mosquito insecticides

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Fluorinated methylketones have been identified as potential mosquitocides, suspected of acting as reaction coordinate analogues that inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) thereby leading to paralysis and eventual death. Previous work has explored trifluoro-, difluoro-, and fluoromethylketone analogues...

Culture, Work, and Deviance: Implications for Rehabilitation Counseling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jaques, Marceline E.; Hershenson, David B.

1970-01-01

It is concluded that rehabilitaition counseling is most relevant in a cultural context that is sufficiently affluent to tolerate deviance and that has sufficient work role for the counselor. Speculations are made on the counselor's role in a posttechnological culture. (Author)

The interaction of radio frequency electromagnetic fields with atmospheric water droplets and applications to aircraft ice prevention. Thesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hansman, R. J., Jr.

1982-01-01

The feasibility of computerized simulation of the physics of advanced microwave anti-icing systems, which preheat impinging supercooled water droplets prior to impact, was investigated. Theoretical and experimental work performed to create a physically realistic simulation is described. The behavior of the absorption cross section for melting ice particles was measured by a resonant cavity technique and found to agree with theoretical predictions. Values of the dielectric parameters of supercooled water were measured by a similar technique at lambda = 2.82 cm down to -17 C. The hydrodynamic behavior of accelerated water droplets was studied photograhically in a wind tunnel. Droplets were found to initially deform as oblate spheroids and to eventually become unstable and break up in Bessel function modes for large values of acceleration or droplet size. This confirms the theory as to the maximum stable droplet size in the atmosphere. A computer code which predicts droplet trajectories in an arbitrary flow field was written and confirmed experimentally. The results were consolidated into a simulation to study the heating by electromagnetic fields of droplets impinging onto an object such as an airfoil. It was determined that there is sufficient time to heat droplets prior to impact for typical parameter values. Design curves for such a system are presented.

Low back pain media campaign: no effect on sickness behaviour.

PubMed

Werner, Erik L; Ihlebaek, Camilla; Laerum, Even; Wormgoor, Marjon E A; Indahl, Aage

2008-05-01

To evaluate the effect of a media campaign on popular beliefs about LBP, and eventual changes in sick leave, imaging examinations, and surgery. Quasi-experimental telephone survey of 1500 randomly chosen people before, during, and after a media campaign in two Norwegian counties, with residents of an adjacent county as the control group. Data on sickness absence, surgery rates for disc herniation and imaging examinations on LBP in the area were collected at the same intervals. The campaign led to a small but statistically significant shift in beliefs about LBP in the general public. In particular, beliefs about the use of X-rays, and the importance of remaining active and at work, seemed to have changed in response to the campaign messages. However, this change in attitude and understanding of the condition did not lead to any corresponding change in sickness behaviour. Although the media campaign seemed to somewhat improve beliefs about LBP in the general public, the magnitude of this was too small to produce any significant change in behaviour. A media campaign on LBP should not be limited to small areas and low-budget. A much larger investment is needed for a media campaign to have sufficient impact on public's beliefs on LBP to lead to altered sickness behaviour.

Preparation and in vitro/in vivo characterization of porous sublingual tablets containing ternary kneaded solid system of vinpocetine with î-cyclodextrin and hydroxy Acid.

PubMed

Aburahma, Mona H; El-Laithy, Hanan M; Hamza, Yassin El-Said

2010-01-01

The demand for sublingual tablets has been growing during the previous decades especially for drugs with extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism. Vinpocetine, a widely used neurotropic agent, has low oral bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility and marked first-pass metabolism. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to develop tablets for the sublingual delivery of vinpocetine. Initially, the feasibility of improving vinpocetineâs poor aqueous solubility by preparing kneaded solid systems of the drug with Î-Cyclodextrin and hydroxy acids (citric acid and tartaric acid) was assessed. The solid system with improved solubility and dissolution properties was incorporated into porous tablets that rapidly disintegrate permitting fast release of vinpocetine into the sublingual cavity. The pores were induced into these tablets by directly compressing the tabletsâ excipients with a sublimable material, either camphor or menthol, which was eventually sublimated leaving pores. The obtained results demonstrated that the tablets prepared using camphor attained sufficient mechanical strength for practical use together with rapid disintegration and dissolution. In vivo absorption study performed in rabbits indicated that the sublingual administration of the proposed porous tablets containing vinpocetine solid system with Î-Cyclodextrin and tartaric acid could be useful for therapeutic application.

Preparation and In Vitro/In Vivo Characterization of Porous Sublingual Tablets Containing Ternary Kneaded Solid System of Vinpocetine with β-Cyclodextrin and Hydroxy Acid

PubMed Central

Aburahma, Mona H.; El-Laithy, Hanan M.; Hamza, Yassin El-Said

2010-01-01

The demand for sublingual tablets has been growing during the previous decades especially for drugs with extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism. Vinpocetine, a widely used neurotropic agent, has low oral bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility and marked first-pass metabolism. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to develop tablets for the sublingual delivery of vinpocetine. Initially, the feasibility of improving vinpocetine’s poor aqueous solubility by preparing kneaded solid systems of the drug with β-Cyclodextrin and hydroxy acids (citric acid and tartaric acid) was assessed. The solid system with improved solubility and dissolution properties was incorporated into porous tablets that rapidly disintegrate permitting fast release of vinpocetine into the sublingual cavity. The pores were induced into these tablets by directly compressing the tablets’ excipients with a sublimable material, either camphor or menthol, which was eventually sublimated leaving pores. The obtained results demonstrated that the tablets prepared using camphor attained sufficient mechanical strength for practical use together with rapid disintegration and dissolution. In vivo absorption study performed in rabbits indicated that the sublingual administration of the proposed porous tablets containing vinpocetine solid system with β-Cyclodextrin and tartaric acid could be useful for therapeutic application. PMID:21179352

Should I get a Master of Business Administration? The anesthesiologist with education training: training options and professional opportunities.

PubMed

Desai, Arjun M; Trillo, Raul A; Macario, Alex

2009-04-01

Many physicians want to know whether they should get a Master of Business Administration (MBA), what type of program is best, and what career paths exist. It is commonly (incorrectly) assumed that a physician successful in clinical practice can easily transfer to managing/leading an organization. To be effective, the MD/MBA must bridge the cultures of the business world and medicine. Often just a single management course is sufficient to give the physician the knowledge they seek. MBA programs come in many forms and require choosing from a range of time commitments. Leaving a good clinical job in favor of the less-defined course of an MD/MBA can be daunting. Although a wide spectrum of opportunities are available, the MD/MBA may have to start over professionally, most likely with a pay cut, and will have to 'work their way up' again. A stigma exists for MD/MBAs because they are often perceived as caring more about business than about patients. Many MD/MBAs eventually choose to stay in full-time medical practice because financial and geographic stability may be more easily attained. The MBA is a good idea for the physicians who enjoy the intellectual challenges of business administration and proactively plan their own career.

Direct broadcast satellite-radio, receiver development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vaisnys, A.; Bell, D.; Gevargiz, J.; Golshan, Nasser

1993-01-01

The status of the ongoing Direct Broadcast Satellite-Radio (DBS-R) Receiver Development Task being performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (JPL) is reported. This work is sponsored by the Voice of America/U.S. Information Agency through an agreement with NASA. The objective of this task is to develop, build, test, and demonstrate a prototype receiver that is compatible with reception of digital audio programs broadcast via satellites. The receiver is being designed to operate under a range of reception conditions, including fixed, portable, and mobile, as well as over a sufficiently wide range of bit rates to accommodate broadcasting systems with different cost/audio quality objectives. While the requirements on the receiver are complex, the eventual goal of the design effort is to make the design compatible with low cost production as a consumer product. One solution may be a basic low cost core design suitable for a majority of reception conditions, with optional enhancements for reception in especially difficult environments. Some of the receiver design parameters were established through analysis, laboratory tests, and a prototype satellite experiment accomplished in late 1991. Many of the necessary design trades will be made during the current simulation effort, while a few of the key design options will be incorporated into the prototype for evaluation during the planned satellite field trials.

Development and Experimental Benchmark of Simulations to Predict Used Nuclear Fuel Cladding Temperatures during Drying and Transfer Operations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Greiner, Miles

Radial hydride formation in high-burnup used fuel cladding has the potential to radically reduce its ductility and suitability for long-term storage and eventual transport. To avoid this formation, the maximum post-reactor temperature must remain sufficiently low to limit the cladding hoop stress, and so that hydrogen from the existing circumferential hydrides will not dissolve and become available to re-precipitate into radial hydrides under the slow cooling conditions during drying, transfer and early dry-cask storage. The objective of this research is to develop and experimentallybenchmark computational fluid dynamics simulations of heat transfer in post-pool-storage drying operations, when high-burnup fuel cladding ismore » likely to experience its highest temperature. These benchmarked tools can play a key role in evaluating dry cask storage systems for extended storage of high-burnup fuels and post-storage transportation, including fuel retrievability. The benchmarked tools will be used to aid the design of efficient drying processes, as well as estimate variations of surface temperatures as a means of inferring helium integrity inside the canister or cask. This work will be conducted effectively because the principal investigator has experience developing these types of simulations, and has constructed a test facility that can be used to benchmark them.« less

Chapter 8: Materials for Exploration Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Curreri, Peter A.

2017-01-01

Materials science and processing research in space can be thought of as a field of study that began with the sounding rocket experiments in the 1950s. Material science studies of the lunar surface materials returned during the Apollo missions enabled the study of lunar resource utilization. The study of materials science and processing in space continued with over 30 years of microgravity materials processing research which continues today in the International Space Station. These studies are the technical foundation that could enable lower cost human exploration through the use of in-situ propellant production, the production of energy from space resources, and the eventual establishment of a substantial portion of humanity living self sufficiently off Earth.

Science and Exploration Research Office Publications and Presentations, January 1-December 31, 2006

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Summers, F. G. (Compiler)

2007-01-01

This Technical Memorandum (TM) lists the significant publications and presentations of the Science and Exploration Research Office during the period January 1-December 31, 2006. Entries in the main part of the document are categorized according to NASA Reports (arranged by report number), Open Literature and Presentations (arranged alphabetically by title). Most of the articles listed under Open Literature have appeared in refereed professional journals, books, monographs, or conference proceedings. Although many published abstracts are eventually expanded into full papers for publication in scientific and technical journals, they are often sufficiently comprehensive to include the significant results of the research reported. Therefore, published abstracts are listed separately in a subsection under Open Literature.

Design Approaches to Myocardial and Vascular Tissue Engineering.

PubMed

Akintewe, Olukemi O; Roberts, Erin G; Rim, Nae-Gyune; Ferguson, Michael A H; Wong, Joyce Y

2017-06-21

Engineered tissues represent an increasingly promising therapeutic approach for correcting structural defects and promoting tissue regeneration in cardiovascular diseases. One of the challenges associated with this approach has been the necessity for the replacement tissue to promote sufficient vascularization to maintain functionality after implantation. This review highlights a number of promising prevascularization design approaches for introducing vasculature into engineered tissues. Although we focus on encouraging blood vessel formation within myocardial implants, we also discuss techniques developed for other tissues that could eventually become relevant to engineered cardiac tissues. Because the ultimate solution to engineered tissue vascularization will require collaboration between wide-ranging disciplines such as developmental biology, tissue engineering, and computational modeling, we explore contributions from each field.

Commerical Crew Astronauts Evaluate Crew Dragon Controls

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-01-10

Astronaut Bob Behnken, work in a mock-up of the SpaceX Crew Dragon flight deck at the company's Hawthorne, California, headquarters as development of the crew systems continues for eventual missions to the International Space Station.

The Law: Decision-Making Time on Guardianship.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Endicott, Orville

1988-01-01

A lawyer comments on proposed reforms of Canadian guardianship laws concerning adult mentally retarded persons and suggests that proposed "partial guardianships" might be used more often and eventually work to the detriment of the retarded individual. (DB)

Do-It-Yourself Critical Path Method.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morris, Edward P., Jr.

This report describes the critical path method (CPM), a system for planning and scheduling work to get the best time-cost combination for any particular job. With the use of diagrams, the report describes how CPM works on a step-by-step basis. CPM uses a network to show which parts of a job must be done and how they would eventually fit together…

A Retrospective Chronicle of the Midwest School Social Work Council: Its Vision and Influence after Forty Years

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raines, James C.

2008-01-01

In 2007, the Midwest School Social Work Council celebrated its fortieth anniversary in Cleveland, Ohio. This article reviews early efforts to build alliances of school social workers across state lines, the early collaborative relationship with the National Association of Social Workers, and the eventual need for a new organization. The Midwest…

Instrumentation and Measurements for Electron Emission from Charged Insulators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sim, Alec M.

2005-01-01

The electron was first discovered in 1898 by Sir John Joseph Thomson and has since been the subject of detailed study by nearly every scientific discipline. At nearly the same time Heinrich Rudolf Hertz conducted a series of experiments using cathode tubes, high potentials and ultraviolet light. When applying a large potential to a cathode he found that an arching event across the metal plates would occur. In addition, when shining an ultraviolet light on the metal he found that less potential was required to induce the spark. This result, taken together with other electrical phenomena brought about by the shining of light upon metal and was eventually termed the photoelectric effect. The work of Thomson and Hertz represent the beginning of electron emission studies and a body of ideas that pervade nearly all aspects of physics. In particular these ideas tell us a great deal about the nature of physical interactions within solids. In this thesis we will focus on the emission of electrons induced by an incident electron source over a range of energies, in which one can observe changes in emitted electron flux and energy distribution. In particular, when energetic particles impinge on a solid they can impart their energy, exciting electrons within the material. If this energy is sufficient to overcome surface energy barriers such as the work function, electron affinity or surface charge potential, electrons can escape from the material. The extent of electron emission from the material can be quantified as the ratio of incident particle flux to emitted particle flux, and is termed the electron yield.

A Student View of Experimental Physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bu, Frank; Marlowe, Robert Lloyd; Whitson, Kristin

2017-03-01

This is the story of how an enterprising high school student came to my lab one afternoon, asking if there were any way that he could gain "hands-on" lab experience by working with me. While I had some doubts about allowing him to work in an area with an expensive 150-mW focused laser beam, I eventually said yes. I was well aware that a couple of weeks of lab work could lead to interesting investigations for him….

Early career choices and successful career progression in surgery in the UK: prospective cohort studies

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Changes to the structure of medical training worldwide require doctors to decide on their career specialty at an increasingly early stage after graduation. We studied trends in career choices for surgery, and the eventual career destinations, of UK graduates who declared an early preference for surgery. Methods Postal questionnaires were sent, at regular time intervals after qualification, to all medical qualifiers from all UK medical schools in selected qualification years between 1974 and 2005. They were sent in the first year after qualification, at year three and five years after qualification, and at longer time intervals thereafter. Results Responses were received from 27 749 of 38 280 doctors (73%) at year one, 23 468 of 33151 (71%) at year three, and 17 689 of 24 870 (71%) at year five. Early career preferences showed that surgery has become more popular over the past two decades. Looking forward from early career choice, 60% of respondents (64% of men, 48% of women) with a first preference for a surgical specialty at year one eventually worked in surgery (p < 0.001 for the male-female comparison). Looking backward from eventual career destinations, 90% of responders working in surgery had originally specified a first choice for a surgical specialty at year one. 'Match' rates between eventual destinations and early choices were much higher for surgery than for other specialties. Considering factors that influenced early specialty choice 'a great deal', comparing aspiring surgeons and aspiring general practitioners (GPs), a significantly higher percentage who chose surgery than general practice specified enthusiasm for the specialty (73% vs. 53%), a particular teacher or department (34% vs. 12%), inclinations before medical school (20% vs. 11%), and future financial prospects (24% vs. 13%); and a lower percentage specified that hours and working conditions had influenced their choice (21% vs. 71%). Women choosing surgery were influenced less than men by their inclinations before medical school or by their future financial prospects. Conclusions Surgery is a popular specialty choice in the UK. The great majority of doctors who progressed in a surgical career made an early and definitive decision to do so. PMID:21044317

Early career choices and successful career progression in surgery in the UK: prospective cohort studies.

PubMed

Goldacre, Michael J; Laxton, Louise; Harrison, Ewen M; Richards, Jennifer M J; Lambert, Trevor W; Parks, Rowan W

2010-11-02

Changes to the structure of medical training worldwide require doctors to decide on their career specialty at an increasingly early stage after graduation. We studied trends in career choices for surgery, and the eventual career destinations, of UK graduates who declared an early preference for surgery. Postal questionnaires were sent, at regular time intervals after qualification, to all medical qualifiers from all UK medical schools in selected qualification years between 1974 and 2005. They were sent in the first year after qualification, at year three and five years after qualification, and at longer time intervals thereafter. Responses were received from 27,749 of 38,280 doctors (73%) at year one, 23,468 of 33,151 (71%) at year three, and 17,689 of 24,870 (71%) at year five. Early career preferences showed that surgery has become more popular over the past two decades. Looking forward from early career choice, 60% of respondents (64% of men, 48% of women) with a first preference for a surgical specialty at year one eventually worked in surgery (p < 0.001 for the male-female comparison). Looking backward from eventual career destinations, 90% of responders working in surgery had originally specified a first choice for a surgical specialty at year one. 'Match' rates between eventual destinations and early choices were much higher for surgery than for other specialties. Considering factors that influenced early specialty choice 'a great deal', comparing aspiring surgeons and aspiring general practitioners (GPs), a significantly higher percentage who chose surgery than general practice specified enthusiasm for the specialty (73% vs. 53%), a particular teacher or department (34% vs. 12%), inclinations before medical school (20% vs. 11%), and future financial prospects (24% vs. 13%); and a lower percentage specified that hours and working conditions had influenced their choice (21% vs. 71%). Women choosing surgery were influenced less than men by their inclinations before medical school or by their future financial prospects. Surgery is a popular specialty choice in the UK. The great majority of doctors who progressed in a surgical career made an early and definitive decision to do so.

Commerical Crew Astronauts Evaluate Crew Dragon Controls

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-01-10

Astronauts Eric Boe, right, and Bob Behnken work in a mock-up of the SpaceX Crew Dragon flight deck at the company's Hawthorne, California, headquarters as development of the crew systems continues for eventual missions to the International Space Station.

Commerical Crew Astronauts Evaluate Crew Dragon Controls

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-01-10

Astronauts Bob Behnken, left, and Eric Boe work in a mock-up of the SpaceX Crew Dragon flight deck at the company's Hawthorne, California, headquarters as development of the crew systems continues for eventual missions to the International Space Station.

A Student View of Experimental Physics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bu, Frank; Marlowe, Robert Lloyd; Whitson, Kristin

2017-01-01

This is the story of how an enterprising high school student came to my lab one afternoon, asking if there were any way that he could gain "hands-on" lab experience by working with me. While I had some doubts about allowing him to work in an area with an expensive 150-mW focused laser beam, I eventually said yes. I was well aware that a…

Why have relative rates of class mobility become more equal among women in Britain?

PubMed

Bukodi, Erzsébet; Goldthorpe, John H; Joshi, Heather; Waller, Lorraine

2017-09-01

In a previous paper it has been shown that across three cohorts of men and women born in Britain in 1946, 1958 and 1970 a gender difference exists in regard to relative rates of class mobility. For men these rates display an essential stability but for women they become more equal. The aim of the present paper is to shed light on the causes of this trend-or, that is, of increasing social fluidity-among women. We begin by considering a refined version of the perverse fluidity hypothesis: that is, one that proposes that part-time work leads to increasing downward worklife mobility among women that also entails downward intergenerational mobility and thus promotes greater fluidity. We do in fact find that the increase in fluidity is very largely, if not entirely, confined to women who have had at least one period of part-time work. However, a more direct test of the hypothesis is not supportive. We are then led to investigate whether it is not that part-time working itself is the crucial factor but rather that women who subsequently work part-time already differ from those who do not at entry into employment. We find that eventual full- and part-timers do not differ in their class origins nor, in any systematic way, in their educational qualifications. But there is a marked and increasing difference in the levels of employment at which they make their labour market entry. Eventual part-timers are more likely than eventual full-timers to enter in working-class positions, regardless of their class origins and qualifications. Insofar as these women are from more advantaged origins, they would appear not to seek to exploit their advantages to the same extent as do full-timers in order to advance their own work careers. And it is, then, in the downward mobility accepted by these women-who increase in number across the cohorts-that we would locate the main source of the weakening association between class origins and destinations that is revealed among women at large. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2017.

24 CFR 960.605 - How PHA administers service requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Service Activities or Self-Sufficiency Work Activities § 960.605 How PHA administers service requirements... economic self-sufficiency requirements for public housing residents. (b) Administration of qualifying community service or self-sufficiency activities for residents. The PHA may administer qualifying community...

An Application of Activity Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marken, James A.

2006-01-01

Activity Theory has often been used in workplace settings to gain new theoretical understandings about work and the humans who engage in work, but rarely has there been sufficient detail in the literature to allow HPT practitioners to do their own activity analysis. The detail presented in this case is sufficient for HPT practitioners to begin to…

7 CFR 3403.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... and any small business concern for the performance of experimental, developmental, or research work... in determining power to control its management. Outcomes are the measure of long-term, eventual, program impact. Outputs are the measures of near-term program impact. Peer review group means experts or...

Inhibition of Ebola virus glycoprotein-mediated cytotoxicity by targeting its transmembrane domain and cholesterol.

PubMed

Hacke, Moritz; Björkholm, Patrik; Hellwig, Andrea; Himmels, Patricia; Ruiz de Almodóvar, Carmen; Brügger, Britta; Wieland, Felix; Ernst, Andreas M

2015-07-09

The high pathogenicity of the Ebola virus reflects multiple concurrent processes on infection. Among other important determinants, Ebola fusogenic glycoprotein (GP) has been associated with the detachment of infected cells and eventually leads to vascular leakage and haemorrhagic fever. Here we report that the membrane-anchored GP is sufficient to induce the detachment of adherent cells. The results show that the detachment induced through either full-length GP1,2 or the subunit GP2 depends on cholesterol and the structure of the transmembrane domain. These data reveal a novel molecular mechanism in which GP regulates Ebola virus assembly and suggest that cholesterol-reducing agents could be useful as therapeutics to counteract GP-mediated cell detachment.

Progress, Prospects, and Problems in Epstein-Barr Virus Vaccine Development

PubMed Central

Balfour, Henry H.

2014-01-01

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is responsible for a farrago of acute and chronic human diseases including cancer. A prophylactic vaccine could reduce this disease burden. Several EBV vaccines have been given to humans but none has been sufficiently studied to establish safety and efficacy. EBV vaccine development has been hampered by the lack of an animal model other than subhuman primates, proprietary issues, selection of an appropriate adjuvant, and failure to reach consensus on what an EBV vaccine could or should actually achieve. A recent conference at the U.S. National Institutes of Health emphasizing the global importance of EBV vaccine and advocating a phase 3 trial to prevent infectious mononucleosis should encourage research that could eventually lead to its licensure. PMID:24632197

Science Directorate Publications and Presentations: January 1-December 31, 2000

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Summers, F. G.

2001-07-01

This document lists the significant publications and presentations of the Science Directorate during the period January 1 - December 31, 2000. Entries in the main part of the document are categorized according to NASA Reports (arranged by report number), Open Literature, and Presentations (arranged alphabetically by title). Also included for completeness is an Appendix (arranged by page number). Most of the articles listed under Open Literature have appeared in refereed professional journals, books, monographs, or conference proceedings. Although many published abstracts are eventually expanded into full papers for publication in scientific and technical journals, they are often sufficiently comprehensive to include the significant results of the research reported. Therefore, published abstracts are listed separately in a subsection under Open Literature.

Anderson localization of partially incoherent light

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Capeta, D.; Radic, J.; Buljan, H.

We study Anderson localization and propagation of partially spatially incoherent wavepackets in linear disordered potentials, motivated by the insight that interference phenomena resulting from multiple scattering are affected by the coherence of the waves. We find that localization is delayed by incoherence: the more incoherent the waves are, the longer they diffusively spread while propagating in the medium. However, if all the eigenmodes of the system are exponentially localized (as in one- and two-dimensional disordered systems), any partially incoherent wavepacket eventually exhibits localization with exponentially decaying tails, after sufficiently long propagation distances. Interestingly, we find that the asymptotic behavior ofmore » the incoherent beam is similar to that of a single instantaneous coherent realization of the beam.« less

AX-5 space suit bearing torque investigation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Loewenthal, Stuart; Vykukal, Vic; Mackendrick, Robert; Culbertson, Philip, Jr.

1990-01-01

The symptoms and eventual resolution of a torque increase problem occurring with ball bearings in the joints of the AX-5 space suit are described. Starting torques that rose 5 to 10 times initial levels were observed in crew evaluation tests of the suit in a zero-g water tank. This bearing problem was identified as a blocking torque anomaly, observed previously in oscillatory gimbal bearings. A large matrix of lubricants, ball separator designs and materials were evaluated. None of these combinations showed sufficient tolerance to lubricant washout when repeatedly cycled in water. The problem was resolved by retrofitting a pressure compensated, water exclusion seal to the outboard side of the bearing cavity. The symptoms and possible remedies to blocking are discussed.

Science Directorate Publications and Presentations: January 1-December 31, 2000

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Summers, F. G. (Compiler)

2001-01-01

This document lists the significant publications and presentations of the Science Directorate during the period January 1 - December 31, 2000. Entries in the main part of the document are categorized according to NASA Reports (arranged by report number), Open Literature, and Presentations (arranged alphabetically by title). Also included for completeness is an Appendix (arranged by page number). Most of the articles listed under Open Literature have appeared in refereed professional journals, books, monographs, or conference proceedings. Although many published abstracts are eventually expanded into full papers for publication in scientific and technical journals, they are often sufficiently comprehensive to include the significant results of the research reported. Therefore, published abstracts are listed separately in a subsection under Open Literature.

Medical graduates' early career choices of specialty and their eventual specialty destinations: UK prospective cohort studies.

PubMed

Goldacre, Michael J; Laxton, L; Lambert, T W

2010-07-06

To report on doctors' early choices of specialty at selected intervals after qualification, and eventual career destinations. Questionnaire surveys. United Kingdom. Total of 15 759 doctors who qualified in 1974, 1977, 1983, 1993, and 1996, and their career destinations 10 years after graduation. 15 759 doctors were surveyed one and three years after graduation and 12 108 five years after graduation. Career preferences at years 1, 3, and 5, and destinations at 10 years, were known for, respectively, 64% (n=10 154), 62% (n=9702), and 61% (n=7429) of the survey population. In the 1993 and 1996 cohorts, career destinations matched with year 1 choices for 54% (1890/3508) of doctors in year 1, 70% (2494/3579) in year 3, and 83% (2916/3524) in year 5. Corresponding results for the earlier cohorts (1974-83) were similar: 53% (3310/6264), 74% (4233/5752), and 82% (2976/3646). The match rates varied by specialty; for example, the rates were consistently high for surgery. Career destinations matched with year 1 choices for 74% (722/982) of doctors who specified a definite (rather than probable or uncertain) specialty choice in their first postgraduate year. About half of those who chose a hospital specialty but did not eventually work in it were working in general practice by year 10. Ten years after qualification about a quarter of doctors were working in a specialty that was different from the one chosen in their third year after graduation. This stayed reasonably constant across graduation cohorts despite the changes in training programmes over time. Subject to the availability of training posts, postgraduate training should permit those who have made early, definite choices to progress quickly into their chosen specialty, while recognising the need for flexibility for those who choose later.

First Sale Rights: Autodesk, Redbox, and the Future of Libraries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liston, Samuel

2010-01-01

The first sale doctrine says that after a copyright holder first sells a copy of his or her work, the new owner may do whatever he or she pleases with that copy (assuming that use is legal). This concept came up through common law and was eventually codified in the Copyright Act of 1976. In 2010, two cases were working their way through the U.S.…

Understanding health care providers' reluctance to adopt a national electronic patient record: an empirical and legal analysis.

PubMed

Zwaanswijk, M; Ploem, M C; Wiesman, F J; Verheij, R A; Friele, R D; Gevers, J K M

2013-03-01

Several countries are implementing a national electronic patient record (n-EPR). Despite the assumed positive effects of n-EPRs on the efficiency, continuity, safety and quality of care, their overall adoption remains low and meets resistance from involved parties. The implementation of the Dutch n-EPR also raised considerable controversy, which eventually caused the Dutch government to stop its contribution to the national infrastructure. To explain Dutch health care providers' reluctance in adopting the n-EPR, we investigated their perceptions of problems associated with the n-EPR and their legal position regarding then-EPR. We hereby aim to provide suggestions about approaches that could promote successful implementation. The study consisted of two parts. The empirical part of the study was conducted in three health care settings: acute care, diabetes care, and ambulatory mental health care. Two health care organisations were included per setting. Between January and June 2010, 17 stakeholders working in these organisations were interviewed to investigate health care providers' perceptions of problems associated with the n-EPR. In the legal part of the study, legal documents were analysed to study health care providers' legal position regarding the n-EPR and any associated problems. The respondents expressed concerns about the confidentiality and safety of information exchange and the reliability and quality of patient data in the n-EPR, and indicated that their liability in case of medical errors was not sufficiently clear. The perceived problems could partly be attributed to legal uncertainties. It is recommended to start the implementation of an n-EPR in limited geographical areas. This will allow health care providers to experience benefits of electronic information exchange before being asked to participate in information exchange at a larger scale. The problems that health care providers perceive in the n-EPR should be minimised. Legislation underlying the n-EPR should provide sufficient clarity about health care professionals' responsibilities and liabilities.

Science Education: From Separation to Integration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Linn, Marcia C.; Gerard, Libby; Matuk, Camillia; McElhaney, Kevin W.

2016-01-01

Advances in technology, science, and learning sciences research over the past 100 years have reshaped science education. This chapter focuses on how investigators from varied fields of inquiry who initially worked separately began to interact, eventually formed partnerships, and recently integrated their perspectives to strengthen science…

The Virtual Embryo Project (v-Embryo™)

EPA Science Inventory

The v-Embryo is a far reaching new research program at the US EPA to develop a working computer model of a mammalian embryo that can be used to better understand the prenatal risks posed by environmental chemicals and to eventually predict a chemical's potential developmental tox...

The Virtual Embryo Project

EPA Science Inventory

The v-Embryo™ is a far reaching new research program at the US EPA to develop a working computer model of a mammalian embryo that can be used to better understand the prenatal risks posed by environmental chemicals and to eventually predict a chemical’s potential developmental to...

The Invisible Realities of Welfare Reform in Wisconsin: Perspectives of African American Women and Their Employers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alfred, Mary V.

2005-01-01

This study explored the experiences of African American women as they transitioned from welfare to work and develop economic self-sufficiency. The barriers to self-sufficiency included the "work-first" philosophy and case management practices, labor market conditions and employment practices, and personal history. HRD can help minimize…

Social Work's Response to Poverty: From Benefits Dependence to Economic Self-Sufficiency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gates, Lauren B.; Koza, Jennifer; Akabas, Sheila H.

2017-01-01

Welfare reform in the 1990s represented a fundamental policy shift in the United States' response to poverty from supporting benefits dependency to promoting economic self-sufficiency. Social work's capacity to integrate this policy shift into practice is central to meeting its mission to alleviate poverty. This study looked at the preparation of…

The Self-Sufficiency Project at 36 Months: Effects of a Financial Work Incentive on Employment and Income.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michalopoulos, Charles; Card, David; Gennetian, Lisa A.; Harknett, Kristen; Robins, Philip K.

This report previews the Self-Sufficiency Project's (SSP's) longer-term effects by looking at these four related issues: wage progression, job retention, marital status, and attitudes toward work. A companion report, available separately, examines SSP's effects on children. Chapter 1 discusses the SSP research and demonstration project that…

Evaluation of the Ticket to Work Program: Assessment of Post-Rollout Implementation and Early Impacts, Volume 1

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thornton, Craig; Livermore, Gina; Fraker, Thomas; Stapleton, David; O'Day, Bonnie; Wittenburg, David; Weathers, Robert; Goodman, Nanette; Silva, Tim; Martin, Emily Sama; Gregory, Jesse; Wright, Debra; Mamun, Arif

2007-01-01

Ticket to Work and Self-Sufficiency program (TTW) was designed to enhance the market for services that help disability beneficiaries become economically self-sufficient by providing beneficiaries with a wide range of choices for obtaining services and to give employment-support service providers new financial incentives to serve beneficiaries…

Post-recombination early Universe cooling by translation-internal inter-conversion: The role of minor constituents.

PubMed

McCaffery, Anthony J

2015-09-14

Little is known of the mechanism by which H and H2, the principal constituents of the post-re-combination early Universe, cooled sufficiently to permit cluster formation, nucleosynthesis, and, eventually, the formation of structured objects. Radiative decay primarily cools the internal modes of H2, as Δj = - 2 jumps accompany quadrupolar emission. This, however, would be a self-limiting mechanism. In this work, a translational energy cooling mechanism based on collision-induced, translation-to-internal mode conversion, is extended, following an earlier study [A. J. McCaffery and R. J. Marsh, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 234310 (2013)] of ensembles comprising H2 in a H atom bath gas. Here, the possible influence of minor species, such as HD, on this cooling mechanism is investigated. Results suggest that the influence of HD is small but not insignificant. Conversion is very rapid and an overall translation-to-internal energy conversion efficiency of some 5% could be expected. This finding may be of use in the further development of models of this complex phase of early Universe evolution. An unexpected finding in this study was that H2 + HD ensembles are capable of very rapid translation-to-internal conversion with efficiencies of >40% and relaxation rates that appear to be relatively slow. This may have potential as an energy storage mechanism.

Post-recombination early Universe cooling by translation–internal inter-conversion: The role of minor constituents

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCaffery, Anthony J., E-mail: A.J.McCaffery@sussex.ac.uk

Little is known of the mechanism by which H and H{sub 2}, the principal constituents of the post-re-combination early Universe, cooled sufficiently to permit cluster formation, nucleosynthesis, and, eventually, the formation of structured objects. Radiative decay primarily cools the internal modes of H{sub 2}, as Δj = − 2 jumps accompany quadrupolar emission. This, however, would be a self-limiting mechanism. In this work, a translational energy cooling mechanism based on collision-induced, translation-to-internal mode conversion, is extended, following an earlier study [A. J. McCaffery and R. J. Marsh, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 234310 (2013)] of ensembles comprising H{sub 2} in amore » H atom bath gas. Here, the possible influence of minor species, such as HD, on this cooling mechanism is investigated. Results suggest that the influence of HD is small but not insignificant. Conversion is very rapid and an overall translation-to-internal energy conversion efficiency of some 5% could be expected. This finding may be of use in the further development of models of this complex phase of early Universe evolution. An unexpected finding in this study was that H{sub 2} + HD ensembles are capable of very rapid translation-to-internal conversion with efficiencies of >40% and relaxation rates that appear to be relatively slow. This may have potential as an energy storage mechanism.« less

What Works in Israeli Prison-Based Sex Offender Rehabilitation Programs: Program Participants' Perspective.

PubMed

Geiger, Brenda; Fischer, Michael

2017-09-01

This study invited 10 of the 22 sex offenders enrolled in a prison-based rehabilitation program in one of the prisons in Israel to engage in the two first of the 4-D ( Discover, Dream, Design, and Deliver) stages of the Appreciative Inquiry . Consistent with the responsivity principle, and the IA tenets, program participants were interviewed to Discover components to which they were responsive and Dream/envision additional ones that would increase engagement and progress. Content analysis of the interviews indicated that despite the initial decision to enrol based on external incentives, participants eventually engaged in group therapy and expressed the desire to understand and regulate their sexual behaviour. While the the modules of Cognitive Behabioral Group Therapy (CBT) were viewed as assets, the lack of sufficient recruitment criteria, the large therapy group size, and its open-ended structure were mentioned as impediments reaching therapeutic goals. Social workers/therapists were criticized for their request that they be informers, and for their accusative therapeutic style whenever sexual issues were broached. Recommendations derived from the offenders' narrative were to increase staff professionalism to create a therapeutic alliance that promotes trust and open communication. Criminal justice practitioners may then take up the challenge of the never-ending process of Appreciative Inquiry to Design and Deliver program components envisioned by the participants to increase participants' responsivity to the program and thus its effectiveness.

Enabling Quantitative Optical Imaging for In-die-capable Critical Dimension Targets

PubMed Central

Barnes, B.M.; Henn, M.-A.; Sohn, M. Y.; Zhou, H.; Silver, R. M.

2017-01-01

Dimensional scaling trends will eventually bring semiconductor critical dimensions (CDs) down to only a few atoms in width. New optical techniques are required to address the measurement and variability for these CDs using sufficiently small in-die metrology targets. Recently, Qin et al. [Light Sci Appl, 5, e16038 (2016)] demonstrated quantitative model-based measurements of finite sets of lines with features as small as 16 nm using 450 nm wavelength light. This paper uses simulation studies, augmented with experiments at 193 nm wavelength, to adapt and optimize the finite sets of features that work as in-die-capable metrology targets with minimal increases in parametric uncertainty. A finite element based solver for time-harmonic Maxwell's equations yields two- and three-dimensional simulations of the electromagnetic scattering for optimizing the design of such targets as functions of reduced line lengths, fewer number of lines, fewer focal positions, smaller critical dimensions, and shorter illumination wavelength. Metrology targets that exceeded performance requirements are as short as 3 μm for 193 nm light, feature as few as eight lines, and are extensible to sub-10 nm CDs. Target areas measured at 193 nm can be fifteen times smaller in area than current state-of-the-art scatterometry targets described in the literature. This new methodology is demonstrated to be a promising alternative for optical model-based in-die CD metrology. PMID:28757674

Vaccinating Children against Violence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wise, B. J.

1999-01-01

A firm commitment to prevention and a caring curriculum are a school's best defense against student violence. Few educators have training for meeting students' psychological needs or techniques for working with angry, frustrated youngsters. If loners' need for recognition is not met, they will eventually act out or withdraw. (MLH)

The Development of Economic Self-Sufficiency among Former Welfare Recipients: Lessons Learned from Wisconsin's Welfare to Work Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alfred, Mary V.; Martin, Larry G.

2007-01-01

In 1996, the US Congress passed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, changing the culture of welfare from a system of dependency to one of personal responsibility and economic self-sufficiency through workplace participation. Through the expert views of case managers and area employers of Wisconsin, this research…

Do Work Incentives Have Unintended Consequences? Measuring "Entry Effects" in the Self-Sufficiency Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berlin, Gordon; Bancroft, Wendy; Card, David; Lin, Winston; Robins, Philip K.

The Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP) is a Canadian social demonstration and research project designed to test an employment alternative to welfare. The SSP makes work pay by offering generous earnings supplements to long-term, single-parent welfare recipients who find full-time jobs and leave Canada's Income Assistance (IA) welfare system. The SSP's…

Computers in China.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

to catch plagiarizers. Needless to say, such errors could cause tremendous problems in such fields as navigation. It was left to the genius of Charles ... Babbage , an Englishman, to try to solve the problem--and try he did. In fact, Babbage eventually conceived of a machine in the 19th century that...plates. 26 Babbage completed a working model of his dream in 1822, proving that the concept would work. 2 7 But most important of all, the Difference

Design and start-up of Gary Works' pulverized coal injection facilities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

O'Donnell, E.M.; Cloran, L.M.; Oshnock, T.W.

1993-07-01

A pulverized coal injection system began operation at the Gary works' blast furnaces on Feb. 1, 1993. This system is capable of processing more than 3500 tons of coal/day to eventually supply the furnaces at a 400 lb/NTHM rate. The start-up was aggressive with coal levels exceeding 200 lb/NTHM within two to five weeks on the furnaces. Current rates are in the 250 to 290 lb/NTHM range.

Extracting Work from Quantum Measurement in Maxwell's Demon Engines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elouard, Cyril; Herrera-Martí, David; Huard, Benjamin; Auffèves, Alexia

2017-06-01

The essence of both classical and quantum engines is to extract useful energy (work) from stochastic energy sources, e.g., thermal baths. In Maxwell's demon engines, work extraction is assisted by a feedback control based on measurements performed by a demon, whose memory is erased at some nonzero energy cost. Here we propose a new type of quantum Maxwell's demon engine where work is directly extracted from the measurement channel, such that no heat bath is required. We show that in the Zeno regime of frequent measurements, memory erasure costs eventually vanish. Our findings provide a new paradigm to analyze quantum heat engines and work extraction in the quantum world.

Teaching Scientists to Fish, as Inspired by Jack Dymond

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Franks, S. E.

2004-12-01

It is almost inconceivable that as Jack Dymond's graduate student for eight years, I never mastered the skill of fly-fishing, a pursuit so near and dear to his heart. In fact, Jack did inspire me, not to tie flies and cast, but eventually to teach fellow scientists to fish. The work I'll present - connecting scientists and educators to achieve societal benefit - is profoundly influenced by Jack's dedication to applying scientific understanding and critical thinking to societal issues. With colleagues in the Centers for Ocean Sciences Education Excellence (COSEE), http://www.cosee.net/, I enable scientists to efficiently make meaningful contributions to educational outreach. A key goal of the multi-Center, national COSEE Network is helping scientists build the skills and acquire the resources needed to share their science with diverse audiences. At Scripps, we are piloting an innovative approach to helping scientists meet funding agencies' broader impact requirements. Key elements of the approach include: 1) services to identify educational outreach options that best fit scientists' research and preferences; 2) assistance establishing partnerships with educational outreach providers who have the skills and resources to develop and implement effective programs and exhibits; and 3) nuts and bolts (line and fly) assistance writing proposal text, drafting budgets, and coordinating with institutional business offices to ensure that the proposed educational outreach effort is compelling and sufficiently funded. Where does the fishing lesson come in? We facilitators of scientist-educator partnerships empower scientists to launch enduring collaborations. Once comfortable working with top-notch educational organizations, scientists can tap these resources, project after project, often with little or no additional involvement on our part. Our initial investment in brokering the relationships is richly rewarded. By helping scientists get started, it's as if we are teaching them to fish, rather than merely giving them fish.

Gelcasting polycrystalline alumina

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Janney, M.A.

1997-04-01

This work is being done as part of a CRADA with Osram-Sylvania, Inc. (OSI) OSI is a major U.S. manufacturer of high-intensity lighting. Among its products is the Lumalux{reg_sign} line of high-pressure sodium vapor arc lamps, which are used for industrial, highway, and street lighting. The key to the performance of these lamps is the polycrystalline alumina (PCA) tube that is used to contain the plasma that is formed in the electric arc. That plasma consists of ionized sodium, mercury, and xenon vapors. The key attributes of the PCA tubes are their transparency (95% total transmittance in the visible region),more » their refractoriness (inner wall temperature can reach 1400{degrees}C), and their chemical resistance (sodium and mercury vapor are extremely corrosive). The current efficiency of the lamps is very high, on the order of several hundred lumens / watt. (Compare - incandescent lamps -13 lumens/watt fluorescent lamps -30 lumens/watt.) Osram-Sylvania would like to explore using gelcasting to form PCA tubes for Lumalux{reg_sign} lamps, and eventually for metal halide lamps (known as quartz-halogen lamps). Osram-Sylvania, Inc. currently manufactures PCA tubes by isostatic pressing. This process works well for the shapes that they presently use. However, there are several types of tubes that are either difficult or impossible to make by isostatic pressing. It is the desire to make these new shapes and sizes of tubes that has prompted Osram-Sylvania`s interest in gelcasting. The purpose of the CRADA is to determine the feasibility of making PCA items having sufficient optical quality that they are useful in lighting applications using gelcasting.« less

Providing Counseling for Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease and Their Caregivers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Granello, Paul F.; Fleming, Matthew S.

2008-01-01

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive condition that results in brain wasting and eventual death. With its increasing diagnosis rate, counselors will likely acquire clients with Alzheimer's disease or their caregivers. Important background information and several practical counseling methods are provided that may assist counselors working with this…

Web-Based Organizational Tools for Professional Librarians

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cooke, Nicole A.

2008-01-01

With the vastness of the Internet ever increasing, it is likely that busy, time-deprived librarians may not stumble upon valuable sites that may actually facilitate their organizational efforts and eventually save them time and energy, especially energy exerted prioritizing tasks and working in groups or other collaborative projects. This column…

The Civil Rights Movement: A Humanities Rainbow

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wheat, Brenda M.; Kapavik, Robin Robinson

2004-01-01

During recent renovation work at the Collin County Courthouse in a suburb of Dallas Texas, workers discovered "for colored" and "for white" signs underneath layers of plaster above the bathroom doors. The discovery has ignited controversy between citizens who are concerned with the eventual fate of the signs. Some residents of…

Art, Water, and the Environment: Hundertwasser and Ukiyo-e

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stephens, Pam

2005-01-01

This brief article explores the work of Friedrich Stowasser (1928-2000), an Austrian artist who modified his name throughout his career, eventually settling upon the invented name of Friedensreich Hundertwasser. Both Hundertwasser's original Slavic surname and his invented surname mean about the same: hundred waters. Both names illustrate the…

When Fear Ruled: Rethinking the Cuban Missile Crisis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paterson, Thomas G.

1995-01-01

Provides an insightful look at the administrative and negotiative processes that accompanied the 1962 Cuban missile crisis. Although John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev both worked to avoid nuclear war, the stress and exhaustion of the negotiating process created serious blunders. Eventually both sides backed away from nuclear annihilation. (MJP)

Building Maintenance Syllabus.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fischer, Joseph; Messier, Joseph

Building maintenance is a basic two-year trade education course requiring 2 1/2 hours of study on each of 160 teaching days per year. Student abilities should range from those capable of the simplest custodial work to those who may eventually be superintendents of building complexes. The syllabus is organized in sections by traditional skills…

78 FR 16713 - Board Meeting; April 16, 2013; Richland, WA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-18

... in a repository. Pursuant to its authority under section 5051 of Public Law 100-203, Nuclear Waste... facility in preparation for eventual disposal in a deep geologic repository. State, local, and regional... DOE's work related to the potential direct disposal in a deep geologic repository of existing SNF...

Characterizing Semiconductor Alloys for Infrared Sensors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lehoczky, B. S. L.; Szofran, F. R.; Martin, B. G.

1986-01-01

Report presents results of continuing program aimed at characterizing mercury/cadmium/tellurium alloys and eventually developing improved methods of preparing alloys for use as infrared sensors. Work covered by report includes series of differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements of alloy compositions with x varied from 9 to 1 in 0.1 increments.

Assistant Principal Dilemma: Walking the Line between Compliance and Leadership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, A. Minor; Guerra, Patricia L.; Baray, Sarah

2018-01-01

Inspired by real-life events, this case describes the start of a seemingly solid working relationship between two elementary campus administrators and its demise as the result of inadequate communication and distrust. Initially, these two leaders benefit from differing supervision styles, but these differences eventually lead to increased tension…

Will Work for Academic Credit

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yagoda, Ben

2008-01-01

The author discusses the role of student internships. Recognizing that internships are important for college students' eventual success in the job market, the writer expresses concern that the current system of mostly unpaid internships reinforces the divide between "haves" and "have-nots" among undergraduates. Those can afford to do so, take such…

Working the Educational Soil and Pulling Up Weeds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Riggins-Newby, Cheryl

2005-01-01

The job of an instructional leader, according to former Baltimore principal Deborah Wortham, is to be a gardener. School cultures left unattended, she says, sprout weeds that will eventually overwhelm the research-based programs, practices, and best efforts of teachers and administrators. The most aggressive and harmful educational weeds Wortham…

Particle size effects on uptake of heavy metals from sewage sludge compost using natural zeolite clinoptilolite.

PubMed

Zorpas, Antonis A; Vassilis, Inglezakis; Loizidou, Maria; Grigoropoulou, Helen

2002-06-01

Land application of sewage sludge may be the least energy consuming and the most cost-effective means of sludge disposal or utilization. However, the major technical problem with land application of sludge concerns the high concentrations of heavy metals. These metals may be leached and enter the ecosystem, the food chain, and eventually the human population. This paper deals with the removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge compost using natural zeolite clinoptilolite, in respect to the particle size. The final results indicate that heavy metals can be sufficiently removed by using 25% w/w of zeolite with particle size of 3.3-4.0 mm. Pore clogging and structural damage in smaller particle sizes is probably the reason for lower uptake of metals by the latter.

On the Economics of Space Colonisation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

King, D. J.

An economic model of the future colonisation of Mars is developed, which, for simplicity, is assumed to be a one-off transplantation of capital and population to Mars. The model demonstrates that compound growth of output and population, and diminishing natural resources on Earth eventually create sufficiently intense economic pressures that the colonisation of Mars (and by implication of space generally) confers a net economic benefit on humanity. The model illustrates that the colonisation of space is likely to occur because economic forces will ultimately compel it to occur. The model is highly counter-intuitive because it has traditionally been believed by many that the colonisation of space could only be done at a net economic cost to humanity and would not result in a net economic benefit to mankind.

Interface instabilities during displacements of two miscible fluids in a vertical pipe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scoffoni, J.; Lajeunesse, E.; Homsy, G. M.

2001-03-01

We study experimentally the downward vertical displacement of one miscible fluid by another in a vertical pipe at sufficiently high velocities for diffusive effects to be negligible. For certain viscosity ratios and flow rates, the interface between the two fluids can destabilize. We determine the dimensionless flow rate Uc above which the instability is triggered and its dependence on the viscous ratio M, resulting in a stability map Uc=Uc(M). Two different instability modes have been observed: an asymmetric "corkscrew" mode and an axisymmetric one. We remark that the latter is always eventually disturbed by "corkscrew" type instabilities. We speculate that these instabilities are driven by the viscosity stratification and are analogous to those already observed in core annular flows of immiscible fluids.

Tandem repeats of the 5' non-transcribed spacer of Tetrahymena rDNA function as high copy number autonomous replicons in the macronucleus but do not prevent rRNA gene dosage regulation.

PubMed Central

Pan, W J; Blackburn, E H

1995-01-01

The rRNA genes in the somatic macronucleus of Tetrahymena thermophila are normally on 21 kb linear palindromic molecules (rDNA). We examined the effect on rRNA gene dosage of transforming T.thermophila macronuclei with plasmid constructs containing a pair of tandemly repeated rDNA replication origin regions unlinked to the rRNA gene. A significant proportion of the plasmid sequences were maintained as high copy circular molecules, eventually consisting solely of tandem arrays of origin regions. As reported previously for cells transformed by a construct in which the same tandem rDNA origins were linked to the rRNA gene [Yu, G.-L. and Blackburn, E. H. (1990) Mol. Cell. Biol., 10, 2070-2080], origin sequences recombined to form linear molecules bearing several tandem repeats of the origin region, as well as rRNA genes. The total number of rDNA origin sequences eventually exceeded rRNA gene copies by approximately 20- to 40-fold and the number of circular replicons carrying only rDNA origin sequences exceeded rRNA gene copies by 2- to 3-fold. However, the rRNA gene dosage was unchanged. Hence, simply monitoring the total number of rDNA origin regions is not sufficient to regulate rRNA gene copy number. Images PMID:7784211

Gap opening after merger events of 3-Earth-mass protoplanets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Broz, Miroslav; Chrenko, Ondrej

2017-10-01

While several-Earth-mass protoplanets can gain non-negligible eccentricities due to their interactions with the gaseous disk and ongoing pebble accretion (so called hot trail effect; see the contribution of Chrenko et al. 2017 for details), there is a opened pathway for giant-planet core formation by means of close encounters and eventual merging. As soon as a massive (~13 M_E) merger is formed, it seems necessary to account for one additional term in the set of hydrodynamic equations, namely the gas accretion, which may affect subsequent orbital evolution, and eventually change Type-I migration to Type-II. Using similar approximations as Crida and Bitsch (2017), we prolong our previous simulations towards the onset of gap opening.At the same time, we try to address the observability of these events, e.g. by ALMA in its full configuration. Because the disk is still mostly optically thick in the vertical direction (tau =~ 100), it is necessary to properly model the disk atmosphere. In the midplane, the mean-free path of gas molecules is small enough to assure a sufficient thermal contact and equilibrium between the gas and dust. This is no more true far from the midplane and one has to use a non-equilibrium model (e.g. Radmc-3d code) for the description of dust grain temperatures, resulting synthetic image, or emergent spectrum.

A Space Data System Standard for Telerobotic Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mittman, David S.; Martinez, Lindolfo

2014-01-01

The Telerobotics Working Group of the Mission Operations and Information Management Services Area of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems is drafting a document that will help bound the scope of an eventual international standard for telerobotic operations services. This paper will present the work in progress and provide background for how the international community is beginning to define standards in telerobotic operations that will help ensure the success of complex missions to explore beyond Earth orbit.

The Development of University Students' Self-Sufficiency Based on Interactive Technologies by Their Immersion in the Professional Activity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ljubimova, Elena Mikhaelovna; Galimullina, Elvira Zufarovna; Ibatullin, Rinat Rivkatovich

2015-01-01

The article discusses the problems of using web technologies in the development of self-sufficiency of University students. We hypothesize that real professional situations in which he/she is obliged to work independently on the basis of web technologies contribute to the development of students' self-sufficiency. It is shown that the activity…

Perceived Safety at Work in the Wake of Terror: The Importance of Security Measures and Emergency Preparedness.

PubMed

Nissen, Alexander; Heir, Trond

2016-12-01

We aimed to explore how perceived safety after terrorism is connected to views on security measures and emergency preparedness in a workplace setting. Using a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study of ministerial employees in Norway who were targeted in a terrorist attack in 2011 (n=3344), we investigated how employees' perceived safety at work 9 to 10 months after the attack was associated with their perceptions of whether security measures were sufficiently prioritized at work, whether there had been sufficient escape and evacuation training, and whether they were confident with evacuation procedures. We found strong evidence of increasing perceived safety at work the more employees believed security measures were sufficiently prioritized at work (partially confounded by post-traumatic stress disorder), and the better their knowledge of evacuation procedures (modified by gender and education). The present study suggests that employers may enhance perceived safety at work for terror-exposed employees by showing a commitment to security measures and by ensuring employees know evacuation procedures well. More research is needed to investigate causality patterns behind the associations found in this cross-sectional study. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:805-811).

English Compositionism as Fraud and Failure

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zorn, Jeffrey

2013-01-01

In this article, the author reflects on the flawed writing and composition teaching he received in his early Dartmouth University days. He reports that it took extraordinary classics professors like Don Rosenthal and Jack Zarker to turn around his work, and that these professors contributed to his eventual successful career as a college-level…

Agriculture and Rurality: Beginning the "Final Separation"?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friedland, William H.

2002-01-01

When is a farm a farm? When is rural rural? Has the issue of the rural-urban continuum returned? Decades ago rural sociology worked itself into two blind alleys: rural-urban differences and attempts to define the rural-urban fringe. Although these conceptual problems eventually were exhausted, recent developments in California raise the…

Modeling the Sliding/Falling Ladder Paradox

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fox, William P.; Fox, James B.

2003-01-01

Recently we were presented with an interesting twist to the sliding ladder problem viewed in the related rates section of most calculus textbooks. Our problem concerning a sliding ladder that eventually hits the ground. At first, those attempting this problem fell into the calculus trap using only related rates. Previous work for this problem…

Mead, Dewey and Wheelwright on Scientific and Expressive Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carpenter, Sandra Witt

This study originates in concern over the apparent fact that many secondary school students learn to dislike literature while studying works of literature in their English classes. The study eventuates in a behavioristic theory of literature; literature is described in terms of the meaning-making activities in which the reader engages rather than…

The Effect of Online College Attendance on Job Obtainment through Social Connections

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taggart, Gabel

2017-01-01

Attending college online has implications for students' ability to make social connections and eventually obtain jobs by means of social capital. Previous academic work has tested employer callback rates to fictitious resumes treated by indications of either online or face-to-face college attendance but such methods overlook the networking aspect…

Manpower Planning and Mandatory Retirement: Is the Older Worker Incompetent?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baugher, Dan

The general disposition and effects of prevailing manpower policies and programs for the elderly in the United States suggest that mandatory retirement will eventually be replaced by flexible retirement with no age limit. Inflationary trends may be possible causal factors which reduce post-retirement incomes, increase the age of the work force,…

Parent Advocacy: Two Approaches to Change, One Goal

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Hanlon, Elizabeth; Griffin, Amy Tetteh

2004-01-01

The authors describe "top-down" and "bottom-up" models of leadership in the world of advocacy; they became parent advocates after learning that their children had special needs. They argue that change in our communities--and, eventually, in our world--demands that "all" advocates for children with disabilities work together. The authors describe…

Modeling E. Coli release and transport in a creek during artificial high-flow events

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In-stream fate and transport of E. Coli, is a leading indicator of microbial contamination of natural waters, and so needs to be understood to eventually minimize surface water contamination by microbial organisms. The objective of this work was to simulate E. Coli release and transport from soil se...

Propensity to Lifelong Learning: Reflections of a Research Student

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Robert D.

2007-01-01

The author's tertiary learning journey began as a research assistant reviewing educational literature. Among the mountain of lifelong learning literature, the author could find nothing that explained why people are or are not lifelong learners. Eventually he found the British work of Gorard and Selwyn (2005). Mindful of Osborne's (2002) caution…

Reconceptualizing "Resistant" Learners and Rethinking Instruction: Risking a Trip to the Swamp.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hauschildt, Patricia M.; McMahon, Susan I.

1996-01-01

Focuses on five fifth-grade students for whom student-led literature discussion was not working. Tells what happened when all five of the students were put in one group, and shows that students who seemed to be resistant eventually engaged themselves with the books they were reading. (SR)

Lessons Learned. Community Change: Lessons from Making Connections

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2013

2013-01-01

Making Connections was the Annie E. Casey Foundation's signature place-based, community-change initiative of the 2000s. It sought to build on previous work and launch an effort focused firmly on the framework of family strengthening. The Foundation started Making Connections in 22 places, focusing eventually on first 10, then seven sites. It…

Career choices for ophthalmology made by newly qualified doctors in the United Kingdom, 1974–2005

PubMed Central

Lambert, Trevor W; Goldacre, Michael J; Bron, Anthony J

2008-01-01

Background The paper aims to report trends in career choices for ophthalmology among UK medical graduates. Methods Postal questionnaire surveys were undertaken of qualifiers from all UK medical schools in nine qualification years since 1974. Data were analysed by univariate cross-tabulation. The significance of comparisons between groups of doctors were calculated by the use of chi-squared tests and adjusted residuals. Results Ophthalmology was the first choice of long term career for 2.3% of men and 1.5% of women one year after qualification; 2.0% of men and 1.4% of women three years after; and 1.8% of men and 1.2% of women at five years. Comparing early choices with eventual destinations, 64% who chose ophthalmology in year one, 84% in year three, and 92% in year five eventually practised in the specialty. The concordance between year one choice and eventual destination was higher for ophthalmology than for most other specialties. 'Enthusiasm for and commitment to the specialty' was the most important single factor in influencing career choice. The prospect of good working hours and conditions was also an important influence: it influenced career choice a great deal for a higher percentage of those who chose ophthalmology (66% in the third year) than those who made other surgical choices (23%). Conclusion Those choosing ophthalmology show a high level of commitment to it. Their commitment is strengthened by the prospect of attractive hours and working conditions. Many doctors who become ophthalmologists have already made their choice by the end of their first post-qualification year. PMID:18318905

[Moral specificity of the work of stomatologists].

PubMed

Gajda, Z

1989-01-01

The ethical problems in the work of the stomatologists are presented by the author in three aspects: has the stomatologist sufficiently good will? has he/she sufficient knowledge and skill? has he/she sufficient possibilities, that is sufficient time to give to the patient, adequate equipment and adequate remuneration. The author believes that the first factor is in the greatest degree dependent on the stomatologist, while the second factor is less dependent, and the third is least (in the national health service system). This means that the responsibility of the stomatologist is greatest in the first case, only half as great in the second case, and least or nearly none in the third case. Attention is called to the shortcomings in the university education of the stomatologists, and lack of continuous postgraduate training. Stress is laid also on inadequate technical equipment and overworking of the dentists. The specific moral problems of various stomatological specialities are mentioned.

Evaporation-Triggered Segregation of Sessile Binary Droplets.

PubMed

Li, Yaxing; Lv, Pengyu; Diddens, Christian; Tan, Huanshu; Wijshoff, Herman; Versluis, Michel; Lohse, Detlef

2018-06-01

Droplet evaporation of multicomponent droplets is essential for various physiochemical applications, e.g., in inkjet printing, spray cooling, and microfabrication. In this work, we observe and study the phase segregation of an evaporating sessile binary droplet, consisting of a miscible mixture of water and a surfactantlike liquid (1,2-hexanediol). The phase segregation (i.e., demixing) leads to a reduced water evaporation rate of the droplet, and eventually the evaporation process ceases due to shielding of the water by the nonvolatile 1,2-hexanediol. Visualizations of the flow field by particle image velocimetry and numerical simulations reveal that the timescale of water evaporation at the droplet rim is faster than that of the Marangoni flow, which originates from the surface tension difference between water and 1,2-hexanediol, eventually leading to segregation.

The hacker ethic

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Granger, S.

The hacker ethic can be a peculiar concept to those unfamiliar with hacking and what really is. In fact, the entire definition of hacking is somewhat obscure. Hacking originated as a challenge between programmers. Programmers at MIT are known for coining the term. Individuals would hack at code meaning that they would work at programming problems until they could maniuplate their computers into doing exactly what they wanted. The MIT hackers began with simple programs and moved on to fidding with UNIX machines, especially those on the Arpanet. Hackers started freely distributing their code to their friends and eventually tomore » their friends across the network. This gave rise to a notion that software should be free. Eventually this was taken to the extreme information and network access should also be free.« less

Environmental and sustainability ethics in supply chain management.

PubMed

Beamon, Benita M

2005-04-01

Environmentally Conscious Supply Chain Management (ECSCM refers to the control exerted over all immediate and eventual environmental effects of products and processes associated with converting raw materials into final products. While much work has been done in this area, the focus has traditionally been on either: product recovery (recycling, remanufacturing, or re-use) or the product design function only (e.g., design for environment). Environmental considerations in manufacturing are often viewed as separate from traditional, value-added considerations. However, the case can be made that professional engineers have an ethical responsibility to consider the immediate and eventual environmental impacts of products and processes that they design and/or manage. This paper describes ECSCM as a component of engineering ethics, and highlights the major issues associated with ethical decision-making in supply chain management.

Unsatisfactory knowledge and use of terminology regarding malnutrition, starvation, cachexia and sarcopenia among dietitians.

PubMed

Ter Beek, Lies; Vanhauwaert, Erika; Slinde, Frode; Orrevall, Ylva; Henriksen, Christine; Johansson, Madelene; Vereecken, Carine; Rothenberg, Elisabet; Jager-Wittenaar, Harriët

2016-12-01

Clinical signs of malnutrition, starvation, cachexia and sarcopenia overlap, as they all imply muscle wasting to a various extent. However, the underlying mechanisms differ fundamentally and therefore distinction between these phenomena has therapeutic and prognostic implications. We aimed to determine whether dietitians in selected European countries have 'sufficient knowledge' regarding malnutrition, starvation, cachexia and sarcopenia, and use these terms in their daily clinical work. An anonymous online survey was performed among dietitians in Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. 'Sufficient knowledge' was defined as having mentioned at least two of the three common domains of malnutrition according to ESPEN definition of malnutrition (2011): 'nutritional balance', 'body composition' and 'functionality and clinical outcome', and a correct answer to three cases on starvation, cachexia and sarcopenia. Chi-square test was used to analyse differences in experience, work place and number of malnourished patients treated between dietitians with 'sufficient knowledge' vs. 'less sufficient knowledge'. 712/7186 responded to the questionnaire, of which data of 369 dietitians were included in the analysis (5%). The term 'malnutrition' is being used in clinical practice by 88% of the respondents. Starvation, cachexia and sarcopenia is being used by 3%, 30% and 12% respectively. The cases on starvation, cachexia and sarcopenia were correctly identified by 58%, 43% and 74% respectively. 13% of the respondents had 'sufficient knowledge'. 31% of the respondents identified all cases correctly. The proportion of respondents with 'sufficient knowledge' was significantly higher in those working in a hospital or in municipality (16%, P < 0.041), as compared to those working in other settings (7%). The results of our survey among dietitians in four European countries show that the percentage of dietitians with 'sufficient knowledge' regarding malnutrition, starvation, cachexia and sarcopenia is unsatisfactory (13%). The terms starvation, cachexia and sarcopenia are not often used by dietitians in daily clinical work. As only one-third (31%) of dietitians identified all cases correctly, the results of this study seem to indicate that nutrition-related disorders are suboptimally recognized in clinical practice, which might have a negative impact on nutritional treatment. The results of our study require confirmation in a larger sample of dietitians. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

Preschool speech articulation and nonword repetition abilities may help predict eventual recovery or persistence of stuttering.

PubMed

Spencer, Caroline; Weber-Fox, Christine

2014-09-01

In preschool children, we investigated whether expressive and receptive language, phonological, articulatory, and/or verbal working memory proficiencies aid in predicting eventual recovery or persistence of stuttering. Participants included 65 children, including 25 children who do not stutter (CWNS) and 40 who stutter (CWS) recruited at age 3;9-5;8. At initial testing, participants were administered the Test of Auditory Comprehension of Language, 3rd edition (TACL-3), Structured Photographic Expressive Language Test, 3rd edition (SPELT-3), Bankson-Bernthal Test of Phonology-Consonant Inventory subtest (BBTOP-CI), Nonword Repetition Test (NRT; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998), and Test of Auditory Perceptual Skills-Revised (TAPS-R) auditory number memory and auditory word memory subtests. Stuttering behaviors of CWS were assessed in subsequent years, forming groups whose stuttering eventually persisted (CWS-Per; n=19) or recovered (CWS-Rec; n=21). Proficiency scores in morphosyntactic skills, consonant production, verbal working memory for known words, and phonological working memory and speech production for novel nonwords obtained at the initial testing were analyzed for each group. CWS-Per were less proficient than CWNS and CWS-Rec in measures of consonant production (BBTOP-CI) and repetition of novel phonological sequences (NRT). In contrast, receptive language, expressive language, and verbal working memory abilities did not distinguish CWS-Rec from CWS-Per. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that preschool BBTOP-CI scores and overall NRT proficiency significantly predicted future recovery status. Results suggest that phonological and speech articulation abilities in the preschool years should be considered with other predictive factors as part of a comprehensive risk assessment for the development of chronic stuttering. At the end of this activity the reader will be able to: (1) describe the current status of nonlinguistic and linguistic predictors for recovery and persistence of stuttering; (2) summarize current evidence regarding the potential value of consonant cluster articulation and nonword repetition abilities in helping to predict stuttering outcome in preschool children; (3) discuss the current findings in relation to potential implications for theories of developmental stuttering; (4) discuss the current findings in relation to potential considerations for the evaluation and treatment of developmental stuttering. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Swarming Robot Design, Construction and Software Implementation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stolleis, Karl A.

2014-01-01

In this paper is presented an overview of the hardware design, construction overview, software design and software implementation for a small, low-cost robot to be used for swarming robot development. In addition to the work done on the robot, a full simulation of the robotic system was developed using Robot Operating System (ROS) and its associated simulation. The eventual use of the robots will be exploration of evolving behaviors via genetic algorithms and builds on the work done at the University of New Mexico Biological Computation Lab.

Effects of porosity on shock-induced melting of honeycomb-shaped Cu nanofoams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Fengpeng

Metallic foams are of fundamental and applied interests in various areas, including structure engineering (e.g., lightweight structural members and energy absorbers), and shock physics (e.g., as laser ablators involving shock-induced melting and vaporization).Honeycomb-shaped metallic foams consist of regular array of hexagonal cells in two dimensions and have extensive applications and represent a unique, simple yet useful model structure for exploring mechanisms and making quantitative assessment. We investigate shock-induced melting in honeycomb-shaped Cu nanofoams with extensive molecular dynamics simulations. A total of ten porosities (phi) are explored, ranging from 0 to 0.9 at an increment of 0.1. Upon shock compression, void collapse induces local melting followed by supercooling for sufficiently high porosity at low shock strengths. While superheating of solid remnants occurs for sufficiently strong shocks at phi<0.1. Both supercooling of melts and superheating of solid remnants are transient, and the equilibrated shock states eventually fall on the equilibrium melting curve for partial melting. However, phase equilibrium has not been achieved on the time scale of simulations in supercooled Cu liquid (from completely melted nanofoams). The temperatures for incipient and complete melting are related to porosity via a power law and approach the melting temperature at zero pressure as phi tends to 1.

The Sydney Blood Bank Cohort: implications for viral fitness as a cause of elite control.

PubMed

Zaunders, John; Dyer, Wayne B; Churchill, Melissa

2011-05-01

The Sydney Blood Bank Cohort comprised eight individuals who were infected with an attenuated, nef/LTR-deleted strain of HIV-1 from a single donor. All six recipients with sufficient follow-up, as well as the donor, were long-term nonprogressors. Only three recipients have maintained undetectable plasma viral loads, allowing investigation of factors that determined elite control of attenuated HIV-1 infection. Follow-up of recipients showed that infection with this attenuated HIV-1 strain resulted in either low or absent viral replication in vivo for up to 29 years. The three patients without detectable viraemia have been studied for virological, genetic and immunological correlates of elite control. CD4 proliferation in vitro in response to p24 provided the clearest distinction of elite controllers from the slow progressors. Host factors are believed to differentiate the three elite controllers; only one, C135, has identifiable genetic polymorphisms that probably contributed to nonprogression: Δ32 CCR5 heterozygosity, HLA-B57 and HLA-DR13 alleles, in addition to infection with nef-defective HIV-1. Even nef-defective HIV-1 can lead to sufficient replication in vivo to enable viral evolution and eventual progression to immunodeficiency. Host factors modified the outcome of infection with attenuated HIV-1, as exemplified by the unique patient C135.

Molecular Divergence and Species Delimitation of the Cultivated Oyster Mushrooms: Integration of IGS1 and ITS

PubMed Central

Bhassu, Subha; Tan, Yee Shin; Vikineswary, Sabaratnam

2014-01-01

Identification of edible mushrooms particularly Pleurotus genus has been restricted due to various obstacles. The present study attempted to use the combination of two variable regions of IGS1 and ITS for classifying the economically cultivated Pleurotus species. Integration of the two regions proved a high ability that not only could clearly distinguish the species but also served sufficient intraspecies variation. Phylogenetic tree (IGS1 + ITS) showed seven distinct clades, each clade belonging to a separate species group. Moreover, the species differentiation was tested by AMOVA and the results were reconfirmed by presenting appropriate amounts of divergence (91.82% among and 8.18% within the species). In spite of achieving a proper classification of species by combination of IGS1 and ITS sequences, the phylogenetic tree showed the misclassification of the species of P. nebrodensis and P. eryngii var. ferulae with other strains of P. eryngii. However, the constructed median joining (MJ) network could not only differentiate between these species but also offer a profound perception of the species' evolutionary process. Eventually, due to the sufficient variation among and within species, distinct sequences, simple amplification, and location between ideal conserved ribosomal genes, the integration of IGS1 and ITS sequences is recommended as a desirable DNA barcode. PMID:24587752

3D Reconstruction of Chick Embryo Vascular Geometries Using Non-invasive High-Frequency Ultrasound for Computational Fluid Dynamics Studies.

PubMed

Tan, Germaine Xin Yi; Jamil, Muhammad; Tee, Nicole Gui Zhen; Zhong, Liang; Yap, Choon Hwai

2015-11-01

Recent animal studies have provided evidence that prenatal blood flow fluid mechanics may play a role in the pathogenesis of congenital cardiovascular malformations. To further these researches, it is important to have an imaging technique for small animal embryos with sufficient resolution to support computational fluid dynamics studies, and that is also non-invasive and non-destructive to allow for subject-specific, longitudinal studies. In the current study, we developed such a technique, based on ultrasound biomicroscopy scans on chick embryos. Our technique included a motion cancelation algorithm to negate embryonic body motion, a temporal averaging algorithm to differentiate blood spaces from tissue spaces, and 3D reconstruction of blood volumes in the embryo. The accuracy of the reconstructed models was validated with direct stereoscopic measurements. A computational fluid dynamics simulation was performed to model fluid flow in the generated construct of a Hamburger-Hamilton (HH) stage 27 embryo. Simulation results showed that there were divergent streamlines and a low shear region at the carotid duct, which may be linked to the carotid duct's eventual regression and disappearance by HH stage 34. We show that our technique has sufficient resolution to produce accurate geometries for computational fluid dynamics simulations to quantify embryonic cardiovascular fluid mechanics.

Intergenerational Transmission of Work Values: A Meta-Analytic Review.

PubMed

Cemalcilar, Zeynep; Secinti, Ekin; Sumer, Nebi

2018-05-09

Work values act as guiding principles for individuals' work-related behavior. Economic self-sufficiency is an important predictor for psychological well-being in adulthood. Longitudinal research has demonstrated work values to be an important predictor of economic behavior, and consequently of self-sufficiency. Socialization theories designate parents an important role in the socialization of their children to cultural values. Yet, extant literature is limited in demonstrating the role families play on how youth develop agentic pathways and seek self-sufficiency in transition to adulthood. This study presents a meta-analytic review investigating the intergenerational transmission of work values, which is frequently assessed in terms of parent-child value similarities. Thirty studies from 11 countries (N = 19,987; Median child age = 18.15) were included in the analyses. The results revealed a significant effect of parents on their children's work values. Both mothers' and fathers' work values, and their parenting behavior were significantly associated with their children's work values. Yet, similarity of father-child work values decreased as child age increased. Our findings suggest a moderate effect, suggesting the influence of general socio-cultural context, such as generational differences and peer influences, in addition to those of parents on youth's value acquisition. Our systematic review also revealed that, despite its theoretical and practical importance, social science literature is scarce in comprehensive and comparative empirical studies that investigate parent-child work value similarity. We discuss the implications of our findings for labor market and policy makers.

Science Directorate Publications and Presentations, January 1 - December 31, 2001

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Summers, F. G. (Compiler)

2002-01-01

This TM lists the significant publications and presentation of the Science Directorate during the period January 1-December 31, 2001. Entries in the main part of the document are categorized according to NASA Reports (arranged by report number), Open Literature, and Presentations (arranged alphabetically by title). Most of the articles listed under Open Literature have appeared in refereed professional journals, books, monographs, or conference proceedings. Although many published abstracts are eventually expanded into full papers for publication in scientific and technical journals, they are often sufficiently comprehensive to include the significant results of the research reported. Therefore, published abstracts are listed separately in a section under Open Literature. Questions or requests for additional information about the entries in this report should be directed to Ann F. Whitaker (SD01; (256) 544-2481) or to one of the authors.

Excitation of Crossflow Instabilities in a Swept Wing Boundary Layer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carpenter, Mark H.; Choudhari, Meelan; Li, Fei; Streett, Craig L.; Chang, Chau-Lyan

2010-01-01

The problem of crossflow receptivity is considered in the context of a canonical 3D boundary layer (viz., the swept Hiemenz boundary layer) and a swept airfoil used recently in the SWIFT flight experiment performed at Texas A&M University. First, Hiemenz flow is used to analyze localized receptivity due to a spanwise periodic array of small amplitude roughness elements, with the goal of quantifying the effects of array size and location. Excitation of crossflow modes via nonlocalized but deterministic distribution of surface nonuniformity is also considered and contrasted with roughness induced acoustic excitation of Tollmien-Schlichting waves. Finally, roughness measurements on the SWIFT model are used to model the effects of random, spatially distributed roughness of sufficiently small amplitude with the eventual goal of enabling predictions of initial crossflow disturbance amplitudes as functions of surface roughness parameters.

Rumen bacteria: interaction with particulate dietary components and response to dietary variation.

PubMed

Cheng, K J; Akin, D E; Costerton, J W

1977-02-01

The bovine rumen resembles many other ecosystems in that its component bacterial cells are universally surrounded and protected by extracellular structures. The most common form of these structures is a fibrous carbohydrate slime that extends away from the cell and may mediate the attachment of the bacterium to a surface. This attachment is relatively specific and it may occur at the surface of the rumen epithelium or on the cell walls of a specific tissue within the plant-derived food of the animal. The production of the extracellular slime is under nutritional control and slime may be overproduced when soluble carbohydrates are available in high concentration. This overproduction results in cell-cell adhesion among the rumen bacteria with the eventual formation of slime-enclosed microcolonies and, in extreme cases, the generation of sufficient viscosity to cause feedlot bloat.

Delensing CMB polarization with external datasets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, Kendrick M.; Hanson, Duncan; LoVerde, Marilena

2012-06-01

One of the primary scientific targets of current and future CMB polarization experiments is the search for a stochastic background of gravity waves in the early universe. As instrumental sensitivity improves, the limiting factor will eventually be B-mode power generated by gravitational lensing, which can be removed through use of so-called ''delensing'' algorithms. We forecast prospects for delensing using lensing maps which are obtained externally to CMB polarization: either from large-scale structure observations, or from high-resolution maps of CMB temperature. We conclude that the forecasts in either case are not encouraging, and that significantly delensing large-scale CMB polarization requires high-resolutionmore » polarization maps with sufficient sensitivity to measure the lensing B-mode. We also present a simple formalism for including delensing in CMB forecasts which is computationally fast and agrees well with Monte Carlos.« less

Secular evolution of eccentricity in protoplanetary discs with gap-opening planets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Teyssandier, Jean; Ogilvie, Gordon I.

2017-06-01

We explore the evolution of the eccentricity of an accretion disc perturbed by an embedded planet whose mass is sufficient to open a large gap in the disc. Various methods for representing the orbit-averaged motion of an eccentric disc are discussed. We characterize the linear instability that leads to the growth of eccentricity by means of hydrodynamical simulations. We numerically recover the known result that eccentricity growth in the disc is possible when the planet-to-star mass ratio exceeds 3 × 10-3. For mass ratios larger than this threshold, the precession rates and growth rates derived from simulations, as well as the shape of the eccentric mode, compare well with the predictions of a linear theory of eccentric discs. We study mechanisms by which the eccentricity growth eventually saturates into a non-linear regime.

Raising more domestic money for health: prospects for low- and middle-income countries.

PubMed

Elovainio, Riku; Evans, David B

2017-04-01

Since the 2007/2008 financial crisis, the rhetoric in the development assistance dialogue has shifted away from raising more international funding for health, to requesting countries to move toward self-sufficiency. This paper examines the potential of 46 countries identified by an international panel in 2009 as being of high need to raise additional funding for health from domestic sources. Economic growth alone would allow 12 of them to reach a level of health spending where their populations could have access to a very basic set of health services. All of them have the potential to raise additional domestic funds through a range of measures that have been tried successfully in other low- and middle-income countries, but they would all remain well below the eventual objective of universal health coverage without increased and predictable external financial support.

Hypersonic Research Vehicle (HRV) real-time flight test support feasibility and requirements study. Part 2: Remote computation support for flight systems functions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rediess, Herman A.; Hewett, M. D.

1991-01-01

The requirements are assessed for the use of remote computation to support HRV flight testing. First, remote computational requirements were developed to support functions that will eventually be performed onboard operational vehicles of this type. These functions which either cannot be performed onboard in the time frame of initial HRV flight test programs because the technology of airborne computers will not be sufficiently advanced to support the computational loads required, or it is not desirable to perform the functions onboard in the flight test program for other reasons. Second, remote computational support either required or highly desirable to conduct flight testing itself was addressed. The use is proposed of an Automated Flight Management System which is described in conceptual detail. Third, autonomous operations is discussed and finally, unmanned operations.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gim, Yongwan; Kim, Wontae, E-mail: yongwan89@sogang.ac.kr, E-mail: wtkim@sogang.ac.kr

In warm inflation scenarios, radiation always exists, so that the radiation energy density is also assumed to be finite when inflation starts. To find out the origin of the non-vanishing initial radiation energy density, we revisit thermodynamic analysis for a warm inflation model and then derive an effective Stefan-Boltzmann law which is commensurate with the temperature-dependent effective potential by taking into account the non-vanishing trace of the total energy-momentum tensors. The effective Stefan-Boltzmann law shows that the zero energy density for radiation at the Grand Unification epoch increases until the inflation starts and it becomes eventually finite at the initialmore » stage of warm inflation. By using the above effective Stefan-Boltzmann law, we also study the cosmological scalar perturbation, and obtain the sufficient radiation energy density in order for GUT baryogenesis at the end of inflation.« less

Space Sciences Laboratory Publications and Presentations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Summers, F. G. (Compiler)

1998-01-01

This document lists the significant publications and presentations of the Space Sciences Laboratory during the period January 1 - December 31, 1997. Entries in the main part of the document are categorized according to NASA Reports (arranged by report number), Open Literature, and Presentations (arranged alphabetically by title). Also included for completeness is an Appendix (arranged by page number) listing preprints issued by the Laboratory during this reporting period. Some of the preprints have not been published; those already published are so indicated. Most of the articles listed under Open Literature have appeared in refereed professional journals, books, monographs, or conference proceedings. Although many published abstracts are eventually expanded into full papers for publication in scientific and technical journals, they are often sufficiently comprehensive to include the significant results of the research reported. Therefore, published abstracts are listed separately in a subsection under Open Literature.

Heavy Ion Formation in Titan's Ionosphere: Magnetospheric Introduction of Free Oxygen and Source of Titan's Aerosols?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sittler, E. C., Jr.; Hartle, R. E.; Cooper, J. F.; Johnson, R. E.; Coates, A.; dePater, imke; Strom, Daphne; Simoes, F.; Steele, A.; Robb, F.

2007-01-01

With the recent discovery of heavy ions, positive and negative, by the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) instrument in Titan's ionosphere, it reveals new possibilities for aerosol formation at Titan and the introduction of free oxygen to the aerosol chemistry from Saturn's magnetosphere with Enceladus as the primary oxygen source. One can estimate whether the heavy ions in the ionosphere are of sufficient number to account for all the aerosols, under what conditions are favorable for heavy ion formation and how they are introduced as seed particles deeper in Titan's atmosphere where the aerosols form and eventually find themselves on Titan's surface where unknown chemical processes can take place. Finally, what are the possibilities with regard to their chemistry on the surface with some free oxygen present in their seed particles?

Science Directorate Publications and Presentations, January 1 - December 31, 2003

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Summers, F. G. (Compiler)

2004-01-01

This Technical Memorandum (TM) lists the significant publications and presentations of the Science Directorate during the period January 1 - December 31, 2003. Entries in the main part of the TM are categorized according to NASA Reports (arranged by report number), Open Literature and Presentations (arranged alphabetically by title). Most of the articles listed under Open Literature have appeared in refereed professional journals, books, monographs, or conference proceedings. Although many published abstracts are eventually expanded into full papers for publication in scientific and technical journals, they are often sufficiently comprehensive to include the significant results of the research reported. Therefore, published abstracts are listed separately in a subsection under Open Literature. Questions or requests for additional information about the entries in this TM should be directed to Dr. A.F. Whitaker (SD01; 544-2481) or to one of the authors.

Space resources. Volume 4: Social concerns

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mckay, Mary Fae (Editor); Mckay, David S. (Editor); Duke, Michael B. (Editor)

1992-01-01

Space resources must be used to support life on the Moon and exploration of Mars. This volume, Social Concerns, covers some of the most important issues which must be addressed in any major program for the human exploration of space. The volume begins with a consideration of the economics and management of large scale space activities. Then the legal aspects of these activities are discussed, particularly the interpretation of treaty law with respect to the Moon and asteroids. The social and cultural issues of moving people into space are considered in detail, and the eventual emergence of a space culture different from the existing culture is envisioned. The environmental issues raised by the development of space settlements are faced. Some innovative approaches are proposed to space communities and habitats and self-sufficiency is considered along with human safety at a lunar base or outpost.

Retooling Special Forces Officers for the 21st Century

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-25

usual printing or typescript . Qualification (DLPT) 1+ {Elementary Proficiency, Plus) Sufficient comprehension to understand simple discourse in printed...material in a form equivalent to usual printing or typescript on subjects within a familiar context. 2+ (Limited Working Proficiency, Plus) Sufficient

29 CFR 1926.403 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ready and safe operation and maintenance of such equipment. (i) Working clearances. Except as required... sufficient durability to withstand the environment involved. (h) Identification of disconnecting means and... sufficient durability to withstand the environment involved. (i) 600 Volts, nominal, or less. This paragraph...

Gender Equity and the Role of Women in Poland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Association of University Women, 2015

2015-01-01

In 1920 AAUW's predecessor, the Association of Collegiate Alumnae, helped raise $100,000 for Polish scientist Marie Curie to purchase a gram of radium. Members honored Curie in New York City as she kicked off her triumphant 1921 fundraising tour of the United States, which allowed her to continue her relentless work and eventually establish the…

Evaporation And Ignition Of Dense Fuel Sprays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bellan, Josette; Harstad, Kenneth G.

1988-01-01

Simple theoretical model makes useful predictions of trends. Pair of reports presents theoretical model of evaporation and ignition of sprayed liquid fuel. Developed as part of research in combustion of oil and liquid fuels derived from coal, tar sand, and shale in furnace. Work eventually contributes to increase efficiency of combustion and decrease pollution generated by burning of such fuels.

Taking Over a Broken Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grabowski, Carl

2008-01-01

Taking over a broken program can be one of the hardest tasks to take on. However, working towards a vision and a common goal--and eventually getting there--makes it all worth it in the end. In this article, the author shares the lessons she learned as the new director for the Bright Horizons Center in Ashburn, Virginia. She suggests that new…

Establishment of a Data Repository Establishment for Cognitive Modeling

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-02

was abandoning Flash in favor of HTML5 . The implications of this for CMR are that, although the submission pages will work fine for a couple of years...all browsers will continue to support flash for the time being), the software will eventually become obsolete. The sooner this part of CMR is rewritten in HTML5 , the better.

Language, Relationships and Pedagogical Practices: Pre-Service Teachers in an Indigenous Australian Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bennet, Maria; Moriarty, Beverley

2015-01-01

This article focuses on the initial stage of a longitudinal study whose eventual aim is to produce educators with the capacity, knowledge and cultural competence to engage effectively with Indigenous students in cross-cultural environments. The initial stage of the study involved 24 second-year pre-service teachers working individually with…

Do Some Workers Have Minimum Wage Careers?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carrington, William J.; Fallick, Bruce C.

2001-01-01

Most workers who begin their careers in minimum-wage jobs eventually gain more experience and move on to higher paying jobs. However, more than 8% of workers spend at least half of their first 10 working years in minimum wage jobs. Those more likely to have minimum wage careers are less educated, minorities, women with young children, and those…

Bud-grafting yellow-poplar

Treesearch

David T. Funk

1963-01-01

Several years ago we began work on the vegetative propagation of yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) with the aim of eventually establishing a clonal seed orchard. We tried field grafting, field budding, and air layering. We then attempted rooting cuttings in the greenhouse and in an indoor propagation bench. The best we could do with any of these methods was 4...

Case Study: Revising a Formal Case Study Presentation as an Independent Research Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Field, Patrick R.

2013-01-01

This article examines the process of researching and revising a case study presentation on an individual who experienced anesthetic awareness during an abdominal surgery and eventually committed suicide. Topics addressed include the author's selection of an undergraduate student with a science and teaching background to work on the case…

Breaking bad news sensitively: what is important to patients in their last year of life?

PubMed

Hanratty, Barbara; Lowson, Elizabeth; Holmes, Louise; Grande, Gunn; Jacoby, Ann; Payne, Sheila; Seymour, Jane; Whitehead, Margaret

2012-03-01

To understand patients' perspectives on how a diagnosis of a life-limiting illness was first communicated to them. In-depth qualitative interviews with 50 people ranging in age from 30 to 93 years, diagnosed with cancer (31), heart failure (13), stroke (three) or neurological conditions (three) and thought by the responsible health professional to be in the last year of life. Participants from two areas of Northern England were recruited through specialist nurses or hospital consultants and interviewed in their current place of residence. Transcribed data were analysed using Framework. Patients were most likely to recall the pace and clarity with which bad news was conveyed. A direct approach was most common, without much prior warning for the patients. Direct information was usually received well when the patient knew the health professional and when it had been suggested that the patient should be accompanied to the appointment. Some professionals did work to set the scene for the eventual news, with a gradual build-up of information, and narrowing down of options. This approach was perceived as appropriate and sensitive. People with heart failure had engaged in much less discussion about their condition, and most did not recall a specific conversation with their doctor about their prognosis. Bad news is not always broken in a sensitive way, despite considerable efforts to address this issue. Relatively minor changes to practice could improve the patient experience: greater preparation, provision of sufficient time in consultations and cautious disclosure for new patients.

An independent jury-based consensus conference model for the development of recommendations in medico-surgical practice.

PubMed

Lesurtel, Mickaël; Perrier, Arnaud; Bossuyt, Patrick M M; Langer, Bernard; Clavien, Pierre-Alain

2014-03-01

There is an increasing demand for standardization in the choice of treatments for specific conditions, so-called personalized medicine. The task is far from trivial, because the perspectives from many stakeholders must be respected, including patients and health care providers, as well as payers or governments to better control costs while optimizing quality of care. One approach to provide widely accepted therapies is the consensus conference. We describe a novel methodology to achieve consensus in controversial areas with the main goal to minimize biases. The principle of this approach relies on a clear distinction between those who provide the evidence (experts) and those who draw the final recommendations (the jury). The jury consists of individuals with sufficient background knowledge to cover the perspectives of all stakeholders' without being involved directly in the topic under evaluation. The organizing committee, the experts, and the jury interact within 3 phases: Preparation, the actual consensus conference, and deliberations. Each question is addressed by a panel of experts, leading to the proposition of recommendations at the conference meeting, which are challenged by the jury and the audience. Based on all available information, the jury finalizes the consensus recommendations, which are eventually published and made available to all. This novel model of consensus conference allows the construction of consensual, evidence-based, explicit recommendations for therapies in a process that may also identify issues for further research, eventually fostering progress in the field. Copyright © 2014 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Out-of-hospital emergency care providers' work and challenges in a changing care environment.

PubMed

Mikkola, Riitta; Paavilainen, Eija; Salminen-Tuomaala, Mari; Leikkola, Päivi

2018-03-01

Acutely ill patients are often treated on site instead of being transported to hospital, so wide-ranging professional competence is required from staff. The aim of this study was to describe and produce new information about out-of-hospital emergency care providers' competence, skills and willingness to engage in self-development activities, and to uncover challenges experienced by care providers in the midst of changing work practices. A quantitative questionnaire was sent to out-of-hospital emergency care providers (N = 142, response rate 53%) of one Finnish hospital district. Data were analysed using spss for Windows 22 software. Almost all respondents found their work interesting and their ability to work independently sufficient. The majority found the work meaningful. Almost 20% felt that work was dominated by constant rush, and 40%, more than half of 25-year-olds but <10% of over 45-years-olds, found the work physically straining. The majority indicated that they had a sufficient theoretical-practical basis to perform their regular duties, and more than one-third felt that they had sufficient skills to deal with multiple patient or disaster situations. Over 20% stated that they were unsure about performing new or infrequent procedures. A number of factors experienced as challenging were revealed. The results provide a basis for improving care providers' initial and further training. © 2017 Nordic College of Caring Science.

Personal lifestyle as a resource for work engagement

PubMed Central

Nishi, Daisuke; Suzuki, Yuriko; Nishida, Junko; Mishima, Kazuo; Yamanouchi, Yoshio

2016-01-01

Objectives: Personal lifestyle, including diet, exercise, and sleep, might have an impact on work engagement, though previous studies have not focused on these relationships. The aim of this study was to examine whether dietary intake of fish, regular exercise, sufficient sleep, abstinence from alcohol, and abstinence from tobacco were positively associated with work engagement. Methods: We recruited adults aged 40-74 years who attended the health checkups with a particular focus on the metabolic syndrome in central Tokyo. In December 2015, 797 people responded to a questionnaire and 592 (74.3%) who had regular jobs were selected for this study. Work engagement was assessed on the 9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9). Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between lifestyle and UWES-9. Results: Dietary intake of fish, regular exercise, sufficient sleep, and abstinence from tobacco were significantly correlated with the total UWES-9 score, even after adjusting for age, sex, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. The results suggested a dose-response relationship between dietary fish intake and work engagement. Conclusions: Dietary fish intake, regular exercise, sufficient sleep, and abstinence from tobacco might be lifestyle factors that can serve as resources for work engagement. These findings could be useful in motivating employees to make lifestyle improvements and convincing employers and managers that lifestyle is important not only for health but also for productivity. PMID:27885245

Personal lifestyle as a resource for work engagement.

PubMed

Nishi, Daisuke; Suzuki, Yuriko; Nishida, Junko; Mishima, Kazuo; Yamanouchi, Yoshio

2017-01-24

Personal lifestyle, including diet, exercise, and sleep, might have an impact on work engagement, though previous studies have not focused on these relationships. The aim of this study was to examine whether dietary intake of fish, regular exercise, sufficient sleep, abstinence from alcohol, and abstinence from tobacco were positively associated with work engagement. We recruited adults aged 40-74 years who attended the health checkups with a particular focus on the metabolic syndrome in central Tokyo. In December 2015, 797 people responded to a questionnaire and 592 (74.3%) who had regular jobs were selected for this study. Work engagement was assessed on the 9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9). Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between lifestyle and UWES-9. Dietary intake of fish, regular exercise, sufficient sleep, and abstinence from tobacco were significantly correlated with the total UWES-9 score, even after adjusting for age, sex, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. The results suggested a dose-response relationship between dietary fish intake and work engagement. Dietary fish intake, regular exercise, sufficient sleep, and abstinence from tobacco might be lifestyle factors that can serve as resources for work engagement. These findings could be useful in motivating employees to make lifestyle improvements and convincing employers and managers that lifestyle is important not only for health but also for productivity.

Women in Transition, 1983. Hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-Eighth Congress, First Session on Examination of Problems Faced by Women in Transition from Work without Pay to Economic Self-Sufficiency.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources.

This is a Congressional hearing on an examination of problems faced by women in transition from work without pay to economic self-sufficiency. Testimony includes statements from individuals representing the Women's Bureau, U.S. Department of Labor; the Career Training Program, Women's Center, Enterprise State Junior College, Alabama; the National…

Work hours, sleep sufficiency, and prevalence of depression among full-time employees: a community-based cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Nakata, Akinori

2011-05-01

Depression due to long work hours and sleep deprivation is a major occupational health concern. The extent to which work hours and sleep are associated with depression was investigated in employees of small- and medium-scale businesses in the Japanese city of Yashio, Saitama, and in the Ohta ward of Tokyo, a suburb of Tokyo, controlling for various potential confounders. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 2,643 full-time employees (1,928 men and 715 women), aged 18-79 years (mean = 45 years), in 296 small- and medium-scale businesses were surveyed from August 2002 to December 2002 using a self-administered questionnaire evaluating work hours, sleep status, and covariates including sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, biological factors, medication usage, and occupational factors. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Prevalence of depression by work hours, sleep status, and covariates was analyzed by χ² test. Risk of depression by work hours, sleep status, and both combined was estimated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Participants working > 10 hours per day, sleeping < 6 hours per day, and reporting insufficient sleep were, respectively, 37%, 43%, and 97% more likely to be depressed than those working 6 to 8 hours per day, sleeping 6 to < 8 hours per day, and reporting sufficient sleep (P < .05). Participants working > 10 hours per day or > 8 to 10 hours per day with < 6 hours per day of sleep showed a 41%-169% higher prevalence of depression versus those working 6 to 8 hours per day with 6+ hours per day of sleep (P < .05). Participants reporting insufficient sleep in 3 work-hour categories (6 to 8, > 8 to 10, and > 10 hours per day) showed a 62%-179% increase in the prevalence of depression versus those working 6 to 8 hours per day and reporting sufficient sleep (P < .05). No significant effects on depression were found for subjects in any work-hour category with 6+ hours of sleep or with subjective sufficient sleep. Depression associated with long work hours is primarily a result of sleep deprivation. Greater attention should be paid to management of sleep deprivation to prevent workplace depression. © Copyright 2011 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.

Lateral Erosion Encourages Vertical Incision in a Bimodal Alluvial River

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gran, K. B.

2015-12-01

Sand can have a strong impact on gravel transport, increasing gravel transport rates by orders of magnitude as sand content increases. Recent experimental work by others indicates that adding sand to an armored bed can even cause armor to break-up and mobilize. These two elements together help explain observations from a bimodal sand and gravel-bedded river, where lateral migration into sand-rich alluvium breaks up the armor layer, encouraging further incision into the bed. Detailed bedload measurements were coupled with surface and subsurface grain size analyses and cross-sectional surveys in a seasonally-incised channel carved into the upper alluvial fan of the Pasig-Potrero River at Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Pinatubo erupted in 1991, filling valleys draining the flanks of the volcano with primarily sand-sized pyroclastic flow debris. Twenty years after the eruption, sand-rich sediment inputs are strongly seasonal, with most sediment input to the channel during the rainy season. During the dry season, flow condenses from a wide braided planform to a single-thread channel in most of the upper basin, extending several km onto the alluvial fan. This change in planform creates similar unit discharge ranges in summer and winter. Lower sediment loads in the dry season drive vertical incision until the bed is sufficiently armored. Incision proceeds downstream in a wave, with increasing sediment transport rates and decreasing grain size with distance downstream, eventually reaching a gravel-sand transition and return to a braided planform. Incision depths in the gravel-bedded section exceeded 3 meters in parts of a 4 km-long study reach, a depth too great to be explained by predictions from simple winnowing during incision. Instead, lateral migration into sand-rich alluvium provides sufficient fine sediment to break up the armor surface, allowing incision to start anew and increasing the total depth of the seasonally-incised valley. Lateral migration is recorded in a series of inset terraces within the valley. The importance of sand on channel behavior thus extends beyond transport rates, affecting the depth of incision and volume of material excavated during a rainy to dry season transition.

Improving Powder Tableting Performance through Materials Engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Osei-Yeboah, Frederick

Adequate mechanical strength is a critical requirement to the successful development of a tablet product. Before tablet compression, powders are often engineered by various processes including wet granulation and surface coating, which may improve or adversely affect the powder tableting performance. Such effects, commonly, result from a change in either particle mechanical properties or particulate (size, shape) properties. In this work, tableting performance is interpreted based on the qualitative bonding-area and bonding-strength (BABS) model. The tabletability of the microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) granules deteriorates rapidly with increasing amount of granulating water and eventually leads to over-granulation at high water level. Granule surface smoothing, size enlargement, granule densification and shape rounding are the dominant factors leading to the tabletability reduction of plastic MCC. Incorporation of increasing amounts of brittle excipients, such as lactose or dibasic calcium phosphate reduces the rate of tabletability reduction by promoting more granule fragmentation, introducing more surface area available for bonding. When a sufficient amount of brittle excipients is used, the over-granulation phenomenon can be eliminated. Surface coating of incompressible MCC pellets with highly bonding polymer leads to sufficient surface deformation and adhesion to enable direct compression of the pellets into tablets of adequate mechanical strength. This improvement is enhanced by the presence of moisture, which plasticizes the polymer to allow the development of a larger bonding area between coated pellets. The relationship between mechanical properties and tableting behavior is systematically investigated in polymeric composites using celecoxib-polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate solid dispersions. Mechanical properties such as indentation hardness of the solid dispersions were measured using nanoindentation. Incorporation of celecoxib up to 60% by weight hardens the polymers, which reduces bonding area but increases bonding strength. On the other hand, moisture softens the solid dispersions and facilitates deformation under pressure to improve tablet mechanical strength. In summary, insights into the deteriorated tabletability of wet granulated powders have been developed and strategies for improving tabletability have been demonstrated. Also, the relationship between particle mechanical properties and tableting performance has been examined using solid dispersions. The BABS model has been further developed to enable its widespread application in interpreting complex tableting behavior.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scaglione, John M; Montgomery, Rose; Bevard, Bruce Balkcom

This test plan describes the experimental work to be implemented by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE) to characterize high burnup (HBU) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in conjunction with the High Burnup Dry Storage Cask Research and Development Project and serves to coordinate and integrate the multi-year experimental program to collect and develop data regarding the continued storage and eventual transport of HBU (i.e., >45 GWd/MTU) SNF. The work scope involves the development, performance, technical integration, and oversight of measurements and collection of relevant data, guided by analyses and demonstration of need.

Foreword

Treesearch

Charles G. Terry Shaw

2010-01-01

It was in June, 1966 when I started working for the tree disease scientists at the Forestry Sciences Laboratory in Moscow, Idaho. That autumn I would start my University course in Forestry which eventually would lead to a long and rewarding career as a Forest Pathologist. But I knew none of that 44 years ago as a lowly paid summer aid hired by the Blister Rust research...

Wheels Don't Have to Be Round

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laird, Shirley

2012-01-01

Every year, the author's eighth-graders do some projects on color mixing and color schemes. In this article, the author gives a twist to the basic color wheel. Using rough-draft paper the same size as the paper they would eventually work on, students were to figure out a way to divide it into six spaces. They were not limited to basic rectangles,…

From sMOOC to tMOOC, Learning towards Professional Transference: ECO European Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Osuna-Acedo, Sara; Marta-Lazo, Carmen; Frau-Meigs, Divina

2018-01-01

The evolution of MOOCs in the last decade has been constant and dynamic. The first cMOOC and xMOOC models eventually evolved into different post-MOOC modalities, such as sMOOC, which conjugates interaction among students with a participation model based on social networks. This work is focused on carrying out a systematic review of the…

The Evaluation of Educational Help in Aids Prevention among Youth for Educators Working Outside the School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gaudreau, Louise; And Others

Training of professionals as educators in the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and sex education domains has been seen as part of the solution to slow down the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission and eventually stop it. This study evaluated an educational guide for AIDS prevention which was distributed to youth workers…

Emanuel Haldeman-Julius and the Education of the Poor of America

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palmer, W. P.

2006-01-01

Emanuel Haldeman-Julius was born in Philadelphia in 1889, the son of poor Russian immigrants. Emanuel did not achieve much at school and worked in various jobs until he found his niche as a reporter for a variety of socialist newspapers. He married a wealthy heiress, became a publisher and eventually achieved fame and wealth. The cornerstone of…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lin, Rod

FIRETEC presents a new way of studying fire and learning how to better manage and cope with it. The model provides additional scientific input for decisions by policymakers working in land management, water resources and energy. The team hopes it will eventually assist fire and fuel management operations. This research is done in partnership with the USDA Forest Service, Air Force Wildland Fire Center, INRA and Canadian Forest Service.

Twisted versus braided magnetic flux ropes in coronal geometry. II. Comparative behaviour

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prior, C.; Yeates, A. R.

2016-06-01

Aims: Sigmoidal structures in the solar corona are commonly associated with magnetic flux ropes whose magnetic field lines are twisted about a mutual axis. Their dynamical evolution is well studied, with sufficient twisting leading to large-scale rotation (writhing) and vertical expansion, possibly leading to ejection. Here, we investigate the behaviour of flux ropes whose field lines have more complex entangled/braided configurations. Our hypothesis is that this internal structure will inhibit the large-scale morphological changes. Additionally, we investigate the influence of the background field within which the rope is embedded. Methods: A technique for generating tubular magnetic fields with arbitrary axial geometry and internal structure, introduced in part I of this study, provides the initial conditions for resistive-MHD simulations. The tubular fields are embedded in a linear force-free background, and we consider various internal structures for the tubular field, including both twisted and braided topologies. These embedded flux ropes are then evolved using a 3D MHD code. Results: Firstly, in a background where twisted flux ropes evolve through the expected non-linear writhing and vertical expansion, we find that flux ropes with sufficiently braided/entangled interiors show no such large-scale changes. Secondly, embedding a twisted flux rope in a background field with a sigmoidal inversion line leads to eventual reversal of the large-scale rotation. Thirdly, in some cases a braided flux rope splits due to reconnection into two twisted flux ropes of opposing chirality - a phenomenon previously observed in cylindrical configurations. Conclusions: Sufficiently complex entanglement of the magnetic field lines within a flux rope can suppress large-scale morphological changes of its axis, with magnetic energy reduced instead through reconnection and expansion. The structure of the background magnetic field can significantly affect the changing morphology of a flux rope.

Supervised Injectable Heroin: A Clinical Perspective.

PubMed

Bell, James; Waal, Rob van der; Strang, John

2017-07-01

Six recent randomised control trials (RCTs) have suggested that supervised injectable heroin (SIH) can be effective in patients who persist in street heroin use during methadone treatment. However, short-term randomised control trials have limitations in assessing the effectiveness of treatments for addictive disorders, which are chronic and relapsing disorders of motivation. These RCTs particularly fail to capture the process of the SIH treatment and the diversity of influence and change over time. This narrative review is based on the analysis of published data. Conclusions are drawn from a process of reflection informed by experience in delivering one of the published trials, subsequent experiences in varying the way SIH is delivered, and through consideration of possible mechanisms of action of SIH. Many long-term, socially marginalised and demoralised people who are addicted to heroin experience few rewards from the stability afforded by methadone treatment. Supervised injected heroin is sufficiently reinforcing for many of these individuals to attend daily and participate in highly structured treatment. With an adequate daily dose of supervised methadone to avoid withdrawal dysphoria, occasional diamorphine injections-not necessarily twice daily, or even every day-is enough to hold people in treatment. Participation was associated with reduced amounts of non-prescribed drug use, a gradual change in self-image and attitude, and for some subjects, a movement towards social reintegration and eventual withdrawal from SIH. Prescribed heroin is sufficiently motivating to hold a proportion of recidivist addicts in long-term treatment. Participation in structured treatment provides respite from compulsive drug use, and a proportion of subjects develop sufficient rewards from social reintegration to successfully withdraw from treatment. Such change, when it occurs, is slow and stuttering.

Critical gravitational collapse with angular momentum. II. Soft equations of state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gundlach, Carsten; Baumgarte, Thomas W.

2018-03-01

We study critical phenomena in the collapse of rotating ultrarelativistic perfect fluids, in which the pressure P is related to the total energy density ρ by P =κ ρ , where κ is a constant. We generalize earlier results for radiation fluids with κ =1 /3 to other values of κ , focusing on κ <1 /9 . For 1 /9 <κ ≲0.49 , the critical solution has only one unstable, growing mode, which is spherically symmetric. For supercritical data it controls the black-hole mass, while for subcritical data it controls the maximum density. For κ <1 /9 , an additional axial l =1 mode becomes unstable. This controls either the black-hole angular momentum, or the maximum angular velocity. In theory, the additional unstable l =1 mode changes the nature of the black-hole threshold completely: at sufficiently large initial rotation rates Ω and sufficient fine-tuning of the initial data to the black-hole threshold we expect to observe nontrivial universal scaling functions (familiar from critical phase transitions in thermodynamics) governing the black-hole mass and angular momentum, and, with further fine-tuning, eventually a finite black-hole mass almost everywhere on the threshold. In practice, however, the second unstable mode grows so slowly that we do not observe this breakdown of scaling at the level of fine-tuning we can achieve, nor systematic deviations from the leading-order power-law scalings of the black-hole mass. We do see systematic effects in the black-hole angular momentum, but it is not clear yet if these are due to the predicted nontrivial scaling functions, or to nonlinear effects at sufficiently large initial angular momentum (which we do not account for in our theoretical model).

Vitamin D status and health correlates among apparently healthy participants in an urban, sunny region.

PubMed

Vallianou, Natalia; Bountziouka, Vassiliki; Akalestos, Thanasis; Evangelopoulos, Angelos; Vogiatzakis, Evangelos; Bonou, Maria; Barbetseas, John; Avgerinos, Peter C; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B

2012-12-01

To assess vitamin D status and health correlates in a sample of apparently healthy Caucasian participants residing in an urban area, Athens, with latitude 370 58' 0" N and longitude 230 43' 0" E, after taking into consideration a broad range of purported biological, behavioural and environmental factors. Men and women 35+ years from a selected population (n = 490) were studied. Participants completed a detailed questionnaire regarding socio-demographic, lifestyle, clinical and dietary characteristics. Biomarkers were measured after 12 h fasting. Linear and multinomial regression models were used to evaluate the association between 25(OH)D and determinants of vitamin D status. Results revealed that one hour increase of sunlight exposure decreased the odds of having D deficiency (i.e., < 20 ng/mL) by 70% (OR = 0.30, 95% Cl: 0.20-0.45), adjusted for age, sex, family status, physical activity, smoking habits, BMI, triglycerides, parathyroid hormone, uric acid, haptoglobin, folate acid and haemoglobin, as compared to sufficient levels (i.e., >30 ng/mL). Regarding biomarkers, parathyroid hormone and haptoglobin were found to be related with the odds of having vitamin D deficiency (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05-1.16; OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, respectively) as compared to the sufficient levels. Sufficient serum vitamin D levels were observed among participants with characteristics associated with reduced cardiovascular risk, such as normal BMI, increased physical activity, decreased parathyroid hormone and decreased inflammatory markers. Even a slight increase in sunlight exposure could have beneficial effects on serum vitamin D concentrations and eventually on haemoglobin and inflammatory markers levels, thus providing a simple and inexpensive lifestyle intervention that promotes public health.

'Working is out of the question': a qualitative text analysis of medical certificates of disability.

PubMed

Aarseth, Guri; Natvig, Bård; Engebretsen, Eivind; Lie, Anne Kveim

2017-04-20

Medical certificates influence the distribution of economic benefits in welfare states; however, the qualitative aspects of these texts remain largely unexplored. The present study is the first systematic investigation done of these texts. Our aim was to investigate how GPs select and mediate information about their patients' health and how they support their conclusions about illness, functioning and fitness for work in medical certificates. We performed a textual analysis of thirty-three medical certificates produced by general practitioners (GP) in Norway at the request of the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV).The certificates were subjected to critical reading using the combined analytic methods of narratology and linguistics. Some of the medical information was unclear, ambiguous, and possibly misleading. Evaluations of functioning related to illness were scarce or absent, regardless of diagnosis, and, hence, the basis of working incapacity was unclear. Voices in the text frequently conflated, obscuring the source of speaker. In some documents, the expert's subtle use of language implied doubts about the claimant's credibility, but explicit advocacy also occurred. GPs show little insight into their patients' working lives, but rather than express uncertainty and incompetence, they may resort to making too absolute and too general statements about patients' working capacity, and fail to report thorough assessments. A number of the texts in our material may not function as sufficient or reliable sources for making decisions regarding social benefits. Certificates as these may be deficient for several reasons, and textual incompetence may be one of them. Physicians in Norway receive no systematic training in professional writing. High-quality medical certificates, we believe, might be economical in the long term: it might increase the efficiency with which NAV processes cases and save costs by eliminating the need for unnecessary and expensive specialist reports. Moreover, correct and coherent medical certificates can strengthen legal protection for claimants. Eventually, reducing advocacy in these documents may contribute to a fairer evaluation of whether claimants are eligible for disability benefits or not. Therefore, we believe that professional writing skills should be validated as an important part of medical practice and should be integrated in medical schools and in further education as a discipline in its own right, preferably involving humanities professors.

Characterization Approaches to Place Invariant Sites on SI-Traceable Scales

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thome, Kurtis

2012-01-01

The effort to understand the Earth's climate system requires a complete integration of remote sensing imager data across time and multiple countries. Such an integration necessarily requires ensuring inter-consistency between multiple sensors to create the data sets needed to understand the climate system. Past efforts at inter-consistency have forced agreement between two sensors using sources that are viewed by both sensors at nearly the same time, and thus tend to be near polar regions over snow and ice. The current work describes a method that would provide an absolute radiometric calibration of a sensor rather than an inter-consistency of a sensor relative to another. The approach also relies on defensible error budgets that eventually provides a cross comparison of sensors without systematic errors. The basis of the technique is a model-based, SI-traceable prediction of at-sensor radiance over selected sites. The predicted radiance would be valid for arbitrary view and illumination angles and for any date of interest that is dominated by clear-sky conditions. The effort effectively works to characterize the sites as sources with known top-of-atmosphere radiance allowing accurate intercomparison of sensor data that without the need for coincident views. Data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection and Radiometer (ASTER), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are used to demonstrate the difficulties of cross calibration as applied to current sensors. Special attention is given to the differences caused in the cross-comparison of sensors in radiance space as opposed to reflectance space. The radiance comparisons lead to significant differences created by the specific solar model used for each sensor. The paper also proposes methods to mitigate the largest error sources in future systems. The results from these historical intercomparisons provide the basis for a set of recommendations to ensure future SI-traceable cross calibration using future missions such as CLARREO and TRUTHS. The paper describes a proposed approach that relies on model-based, SI-traceable predictions of at-sensor radiance over selected sites. The predicted radiance would be valid for arbitrary view and illumination angles and for any date of interest that is dominated by clear-sky conditions. The basis of the method is highly accurate measurements of at-sensor radiance of sufficient quality to understand the spectral and BRDF characteristics of the site and sufficient historical data to develop an understanding of temporal effects from changing surface and atmospheric conditions.

Occupational physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease among active and non-active working-women of North Dakota: a Go Red North Dakota Study.

PubMed

Mozumdar, Arupendra; Liguori, Gary; DuBose, Katrina

2012-01-01

Currently less than half of the US adults meet physical activity (PA) recommendations, yet many more are sedentary in their occupations. Sedentary workers may therefore be at elevated risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Therefore, the objective of the study is to examine the relationship of CHD risk with occupational PA (OCPA) and leisure time PA (LTPA) among working-women. The 10-year CHD risk and relative risk scores were calculated for 642 working-women. Self-report questionnaire determined levels of OCPA and LTPA. Biometric data were directly collected on all women. No direct relationship for OCPA and 'high risk' of CHD was determined. Insufficient LTPA was significantly associated with greater prevalence of 'high risk' of CHD. No dose response relationship was determined with PA and CHD risk. The odds of being 'high risk' were significantly greater for sedentary workers with insufficient LTPA compared to sufficient LTPA. The odds for being 'high risk' were similar among moderately active or heavy working women completing insufficient LTPA compared to women doing sufficient LTPA. For women with sedentary occupations, a sufficient amount of LTPA is essential to reduce CHD risk. Women in moderate to heavy working occupations may be acquiring adequate amounts of PA to minimize CHD risk.

[Observation of the effects of warming-up and role-playing in psychodrama in terms of mood rating].

PubMed

Kawai, S

1993-04-01

The purpose is to make an appropriate list of terms that describe person's moment-to-moment changes in moods during psychodrama sessions. Seventy nurse students participated in a series of psychodrama sessions, consisting of a session of warming-up and two sessions of role playing. They rated their moods at the beginning of the sessions and after each session, on a five-point scale for each of the 55 terms, which were supposed to cover all kinds of moods during psychodrama sessions. After analyzing variations (using factor analyses) of subjects' ratings, three factors were found to be sufficient for describing their moods, and the terms in the list were eventually reduced to sixteen. Changes of moods analyzed through the ratings of sixteen scales were related significantly with subjects' performances of warming-up and role playing.

Propagation of partially coherent controllable dark hollow beams with various symmetries in turbulent atmosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Haiyan; Li, Xiangyin

2010-01-01

Normalized intensity distribution, the complex degree of coherence and power in the bucket for partially coherent controllable dark hollow beams (DHBs) with various symmetries propagating in atmospheric turbulence are derived using tensor method and investigated in detail. Analytical results show that, after sufficient propagation distance, partially coherent DHBs with various symmetries eventually become circular Gaussian beam (without dark hollow) in turbulent atmosphere, which is different from its propagation properties in free space. The partially coherent DHBs return to a circular Gaussian beam rapidly for stronger turbulence, higher coherence, lower beam order, smaller p or smaller beam waist width. Another interesting observation is that the profile of the complex degree of coherence attains a similar profile to that of the average intensity of the related beam propagating in a turbulent atmosphere. Besides the laser power focusablity of DHBs are better than that of Gaussian beam propagating in turbulent atmosphere.

Self-replicating machines in continuous space with virtual physics.

PubMed

Smith, Arnold; Turney, Peter; Ewaschuk, Robert

2003-01-01

JohnnyVon is an implementation of self-replicating machines in continuous two-dimensional space. Two types of particles drift about in a virtual liquid. The particles are automata with discrete internal states but continuous external relationships. Their internal states are governed by finite state machines, but their external relationships are governed by a simulated physics that includes Brownian motion, viscosity, and springlike attractive and repulsive forces. The particles can be assembled into patterns that can encode arbitrary strings of bits. We demonstrate that, if an arbitrary seed pattern is put in a soup of separate individual particles, the pattern will replicate by assembling the individual particles into copies of itself. We also show that, given sufficient time, a soup of separate individual particles will eventually spontaneously form self-replicating patterns. We discuss the implications of JohnnyVon for research in nanotechnology, theoretical biology, and artificial life.

The computation of the post-stall behavior of a circulation controlled airfoil

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Linton, Samuel W.

1993-01-01

The physics of the circulation controlled airfoil is complex and poorly understood, particularly with regards to jet stall, which is the eventual breakdown of lift augmentation by the jet at some sufficiently high blowing rate. The present paper describes the numerical simulation of stalled and unstalled flows over a two-dimensional circulation controlled airfoil using a fully implicit Navier-Stokes code, and the comparison with experimental results. Mach numbers of 0.3 and 0.5 and jet total to freestream pressure ratios of 1.4 and 1.8 are investigated. The Baldwin-Lomax and k-epsilon turbulence models are used, each modified to include the effect of strong streamline curvature. The numerical solutions of the post-stall circulation controlled airfoil show a highly regular unsteady periodic flowfield. This is the result of an alternation between adverse pressure gradient and shock induced separation of the boundary layer on the airfoil trailing edge.

Science and Technology Directorate Publications and Presentations, January 1-December 31, 2005

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Summers, F. G. (Compiler)

2006-01-01

This Technical Memorandum (TM) lists the significant publications and presentations of the Science and Technology Directorate during the period January 1-December 31, 2005. Entries in the main part of the document are categorized according to NASA Reports (arranged by report number), Open Literature, and Presentations (arranged alphabetically by title). Most of the articles listed under Open Literature have appeared in refereed professional journals, books, monographs, or conference proceedings. Although many published abstracts are eventually expanded into full papers for publication in scientific and technical journals, they are often sufficiently comprehensive to include the significant results of the research reported. Therefore, published abstracts are listed separately in a subsection under Open Literature. Questions or requests for additional information about the entries in this report should be directed to Dr. J.F. Spann, Jr. (VP60; 961-7512) or to one of the authors.

Prison Boomers: Policy Implications of Aging Prison Populations

PubMed Central

Psick, Zachary; Ahalt, Cyrus; Brown, Rebecca T.; Simon, Jonathan

2018-01-01

Prison populations worldwide are aging at an unprecedented rate, and associated age-related medical costs have had serious consequences for jurisdictions struggling to respond to the changes. Our examination of the situation in California shows that recognizing the changing healthcare needs of aging prison populations is critical to achieving effective and efficient policies and practices that affect this medically vulnerable and costly population. Chronic prison overcrowding usually accompanies the aging trends, and there is evidence that aging is strongly correlated with desistance from criminal behavior, suggesting an opportunity to at least partially address the challenges through early release of appropriate persons. Some relevant policies do exist, but they have not achieved this goal on a sufficient scale. Drawing lessons from California and available scholarship, we conclude with recommendations for those faced with responding to the unprecedented number of older adults now in prison, most of whom will eventually be released. PMID:28299972

Biotechnology software in the digital age: are you winning?

PubMed

Scheitz, Cornelia Johanna Franziska; Peck, Lawrence J; Groban, Eli S

2018-01-16

There is a digital revolution taking place and biotechnology companies are slow to adapt. Many pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and industrial bio-production companies believe that software must be developed and maintained in-house and that data are more secure on internal servers than on the cloud. In fact, most companies in this space continue to employ large IT and software teams and acquire computational infrastructure in the form of in-house servers. This is due to a fear of the cloud not sufficiently protecting in-house resources and the belief that their software is valuable IP. Over the next decade, the ability to quickly adapt to changing market conditions, with agile software teams, will quickly become a compelling competitive advantage. Biotechnology companies that do not adopt the new regime may lose on key business metrics such as return on invested capital, revenue, profitability, and eventually market share.

Chemotaxis with logistic source

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winkler, Michael

2008-12-01

We consider the chemotaxis system in a smooth bounded domain , where [chi]>0 and g generalizes the logistic function g(u)=Au-bu[alpha] with [alpha]>1, A[greater-or-equal, slanted]0 and b>0. A concept of very weak solutions is introduced, and global existence of such solutions for any nonnegative initial data u0[set membership, variant]L1([Omega]) is proved under the assumption that . Moreover, boundedness properties of the constructed solutions are studied. Inter alia, it is shown that if b is sufficiently large and u0[set membership, variant]L[infinity]([Omega]) has small norm in L[gamma]([Omega]) for some then the solution is globally bounded. Finally, in the case that additionally holds, a bounded set in L[infinity]([Omega]) can be found which eventually attracts very weak solutions emanating from arbitrary L1 initial data. The paper closes with numerical experiments that illustrate some of the theoretically established results.

Controlling nitrogen migration through micro-nano networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cai, Dongqing; Wu, Zhengyan; Jiang, Jiang; Wu, Yuejin; Feng, Huiyun; Brown, Ian G.; Chu, Paul K.; Yu, Zengliang

2014-01-01

Nitrogen fertilizer unabsorbed by crops eventually discharges into the environment through runoff, leaching and volatilization, resulting in three-dimensional (3D) pollution spanning from underground into space. Here we describe an approach for controlling nitrogen loss, developed using loss control fertilizer (LCF) prepared by adding modified natural nanoclay (attapulgite) to traditional fertilizer. In the aqueous phase, LCF self-assembles to form 3D micro/nano networks via hydrogen bonds and other weak interactions, obtaining a higher nitrogen spatial scale so that it is retained by a soil filtering layer. Thus nitrogen loss is reduced and sufficient nutrition for crops is supplied, while the pollution risk of the fertilizer is substantially lowered. As such, self-fabrication of nano-material was used to manipulate the nitrogen spatial scale, which provides a novel and promising approach for the research and control of the migration of other micro-scaled pollutants in environmental medium.

Space Sciences Laboratory Publications and Presentations: January 1 - December 31,1998

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Summers, F. G. (Compiler)

1999-01-01

This document lists the significant publications and presentations of the Space Sciences Laboratory during the period January 1 - December 31, 1998. Entries in the main part of the document are categorized according to NASA Reports (arranged by report number), Open Literature, and Presentations (arranged alphabetically by title). Most of the articles listed under Open Literature have appeared in refereed professional journals, books, monographs, or conference proceedings. Although many published abstracts are eventually expanded into full papers for publication in scientific and technical journals, they are often sufficiently comprehensive to include the significant results of the research reported. Therefore, published abstracts are listed separately in a subsection under Open Literature. Questions or requests for additional information about the entries in this report should be directed to Gregory S. Wilson (ES01; 544-7579) or to one of the authors. The organizational code of the cognizant SSL branch or office is given at the end of each entry.

Cytosolic Irradiation of Femtosecond Laser Induces Mitochondria-dependent Apoptosis-like Cell Death via Intrinsic Reactive Oxygen Cascades

PubMed Central

Yoon, Jonghee; Ryu, Seung-wook; Lee, Seunghee; Choi, Chulhee

2015-01-01

High-intensity femtosecond lasers have recently been used to irreversibly disrupt nanoscale structures, such as intracellular organelles, and to modify biological functions in a reversible manner: so-called nanosurgery and biophotomodulation. Femtosecond laser pulses above the threshold intensity sufficient for reversible biophotomodulation can cause irreversible changes in the irradiated cell, eventually leading to cell death. Here, we demonstrated that cytosolic irradiation with a femtosecond laser produced intrinsic cascades of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which led to rapid apoptosis-like cell death via a caspase and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) signaling pathway. We further showed that cells with enhanced mitochondrial fusion activity are more resilient to laser-induced stress compared to those with enforced mitochondrial fission. Taken together, these findings provide fundamental insight into how optical stimulation intervenes in intrinsic cellular signaling pathways and functions. PMID:25648455

Cytosolic irradiation of femtosecond laser induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis-like cell death via intrinsic reactive oxygen cascades.

PubMed

Yoon, Jonghee; Ryu, Seung-Wook; Lee, Seunghee; Choi, Chulhee

2015-02-04

High-intensity femtosecond lasers have recently been used to irreversibly disrupt nanoscale structures, such as intracellular organelles, and to modify biological functions in a reversible manner: so-called nanosurgery and biophotomodulation. Femtosecond laser pulses above the threshold intensity sufficient for reversible biophotomodulation can cause irreversible changes in the irradiated cell, eventually leading to cell death. Here, we demonstrated that cytosolic irradiation with a femtosecond laser produced intrinsic cascades of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which led to rapid apoptosis-like cell death via a caspase and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) signaling pathway. We further showed that cells with enhanced mitochondrial fusion activity are more resilient to laser-induced stress compared to those with enforced mitochondrial fission. Taken together, these findings provide fundamental insight into how optical stimulation intervenes in intrinsic cellular signaling pathways and functions.

Controlling nitrogen migration through micro-nano networks.

PubMed

Cai, Dongqing; Wu, Zhengyan; Jiang, Jiang; Wu, Yuejin; Feng, Huiyun; Brown, Ian G; Chu, Paul K; Yu, Zengliang

2014-01-14

Nitrogen fertilizer unabsorbed by crops eventually discharges into the environment through runoff, leaching and volatilization, resulting in three-dimensional (3D) pollution spanning from underground into space. Here we describe an approach for controlling nitrogen loss, developed using loss control fertilizer (LCF) prepared by adding modified natural nanoclay (attapulgite) to traditional fertilizer. In the aqueous phase, LCF self-assembles to form 3D micro/nano networks via hydrogen bonds and other weak interactions, obtaining a higher nitrogen spatial scale so that it is retained by a soil filtering layer. Thus nitrogen loss is reduced and sufficient nutrition for crops is supplied, while the pollution risk of the fertilizer is substantially lowered. As such, self-fabrication of nano-material was used to manipulate the nitrogen spatial scale, which provides a novel and promising approach for the research and control of the migration of other micro-scaled pollutants in environmental medium.

Charge loss (or the lack thereof) for AdS black holes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ong, Yen Chin; Chen, Pisin

2014-06-01

The evolution of evaporating charged black holes is complicated to model in general, but is nevertheless important since the hints to the Information Loss Paradox and its recent firewall incarnation may lie in understanding more generic geometries than that of Schwarzschild spacetime. Fortunately, for sufficiently large asymptotically flat Reissner-Nordström black holes, the evaporation process can be modeled via a system of coupled linear ordinary differential equations, with charge loss rate governed by Schwinger pair-production process. The same model can be generalized to study the evaporation of AdS Reissner-Nordström black holes with flat horizon. It was recently found that such black holes always evolve towards extremality since charge loss is inefficient. This property is completely opposite to the asymptotically flat case in which the black hole eventually loses its charges and tends towards Schwarzschild limit. We clarify the underlying reason for this different behavior.

Welsh settlement patterns in a nineteenth-century Australian gold town.

PubMed

Tyler, Robert

2009-01-01

The adjacent gold mining settlements of Ballarat and Sebastopol in the colony of Victoria are universally acknowledged as the major focal point for Welsh immigrants in Australia in the second half of the nineteenth century. Here, the Welsh had congregated in sufficient numbers to establish an identifiable and highly visible ethnolinguistic community. Factors such as the necessity of acquiring the English language, movement out of the mining industry, high rates of exogamy, the failure to unite within one religious denomination and the conscious desire to integrate into mainstream Australian society, all served to undermine the integrity of that community. This paper argues that the more fundamental issue of residential propinquity was of primary importance in this process; that it was the failure of the Welsh immigrant group to establish and maintain long term exclusively Welsh areas of settlement that ensured the eventual dilution and absorption of the Welsh as a distinct community.

Seismogenic width controls aspect ratios of earthquake ruptures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weng, Huihui; Yang, Hongfeng

2017-03-01

We investigate the effect of seismogenic width on aspect ratios of earthquake ruptures by using numerical simulations of strike-slip faulting and an energy balance criterion near rupture tips. If the seismogenic width is smaller than a critical value, then ruptures cannot break the entire fault, regardless of the size of the nucleation zone. The seismic moments of these self-arresting ruptures increase with the nucleation size, forming nucleation-related events. The aspect ratios increase with the seismogenic width but are smaller than 8. In contrast, ruptures become breakaway and tend to have high aspect ratios (>8) if the seismogenic width is sufficiently large. But the critical nucleation size is larger than the theoretical estimate for an unbounded fault. The eventual seismic moments of breakaway ruptures do not depend on the nucleation size. Our results suggest that estimating final earthquake magnitude from the nucleation phase may only be plausible on faults with small seismogenic width.

The rise and fall of a human recombination hot spot.

PubMed

Jeffreys, Alec J; Neumann, Rita

2009-05-01

Human meiotic crossovers mainly cluster into narrow hot spots that profoundly influence patterns of haplotype diversity and that may also affect genome instability and sequence evolution. Hot spots also seem to be ephemeral, but processes of hot-spot activation and their subsequent evolutionary dynamics remain unknown. We now analyze the life cycle of a recombination hot spot. Sperm typing revealed a polymorphic hot spot that was activated in cis by a single base change, providing evidence for a primary sequence determinant necessary, though not sufficient, to activate recombination. This activating mutation occurred roughly 70,000 y ago and has persisted to the present, most likely fortuitously through genetic drift despite its systematic elimination by biased gene conversion. Nonetheless, this self-destructive conversion will eventually lead to hot-spot extinction. These findings define a subclass of highly transient hot spots and highlight the importance of understanding hot-spot turnover and how it influences haplotype diversity.

High-speed photogrammetry system for measuring the kinematics of insect wings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wallace, Iain D.; Lawson, Nicholas J.; Harvey, Andrew R.

2006-06-10

We describe and characterize an experimental system to perform shape measurements on deformable objects using high-speed close-range photogrammetry. The eventual application is to extract the kinematics of several marked points on an insect wing during tethered and hovering flight. We investigate the performance of the system with a small number of views and determine an empirical relation between the mean pixel error of the optimization routine and the position error. Velocity and acceleration are calculated by numerical differencing, and their relation to the position errors is verified. For a field of view of {approx}40mmx40 mm, a rms accuracy of 30more » {mu}m in position, 150 mm/s in velocity, and 750 m/s2 in acceleration at 5000 frames/s is achieved. This accuracy is sufficient to measure the kinematics of hoverfly flight.« less

Science and Technology Directorate Publications and Presentations, January 1-December 31, 2004

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Summers, F. G. (Compiler)

2005-01-01

This Technical Memorandum (TM) lists the significant publications and presentations of the Science and Technology Directorate during the period January 1-December 31, 2004. Entries in the main part of the document are categorized according to NASA Reports (arranged by report number), Open Literature, and Presentations (arranged alphabetically by title). Most of the articles listed under Open Literature have appeared in refereed professional journals, books, monographs, or conference proceedings. Although many published abstracts are eventually expanded into full papers for publication in scientific and technical journals, they are often sufficiently comprehensive to include the significant results of the research reported. Therefore, published abstracts are listed separately in a subsection under Open Literature. Questions or requests for additional information about the entries in this report should be directed to Dr. A.F. Whitaker (SD01; 544 2481) or to one of the authors.

Controlling nitrogen migration through micro-nano networks

PubMed Central

Cai, Dongqing; Wu, Zhengyan; Jiang, Jiang; Wu, Yuejin; Feng, Huiyun; Brown, Ian G.; Chu, Paul K.; Yu, Zengliang

2014-01-01

Nitrogen fertilizer unabsorbed by crops eventually discharges into the environment through runoff, leaching and volatilization, resulting in three-dimensional (3D) pollution spanning from underground into space. Here we describe an approach for controlling nitrogen loss, developed using loss control fertilizer (LCF) prepared by adding modified natural nanoclay (attapulgite) to traditional fertilizer. In the aqueous phase, LCF self-assembles to form 3D micro/nano networks via hydrogen bonds and other weak interactions, obtaining a higher nitrogen spatial scale so that it is retained by a soil filtering layer. Thus nitrogen loss is reduced and sufficient nutrition for crops is supplied, while the pollution risk of the fertilizer is substantially lowered. As such, self-fabrication of nano-material was used to manipulate the nitrogen spatial scale, which provides a novel and promising approach for the research and control of the migration of other micro-scaled pollutants in environmental medium. PMID:24419037

Working toward Self-Sufficiency.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caplan, Nathan

1985-01-01

Upon arrival in the United States, the Southeast Asian "Boat People" faced a multitude of problems that would seem to have hindered their achieving economic self-sufficiency. Nonetheless, by the time of a 1982 research study which interviewed nearly 1,400 refugee households, 25 percent of all the households in the sample had achieved…

An empirical approach to sufficient similarity in dose-responsiveness: Utilization of statistical distance as a similarity measure.

EPA Science Inventory

Using statistical equivalence testing logic and mixed model theory an approach has been developed, that extends the work of Stork et al (JABES,2008), to define sufficient similarity in dose-response for chemical mixtures containing the same chemicals with different ratios ...

International Space Station (ISS) Accommodation of a Single US Assured Crew Return Vehicle (ACRV)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mazanek, Daniel D.; Garn, Michelle A.; Troutman, Patrick A.; Wang, Yuan; Kumar, Renjith; Heck, Michael L.

1997-01-01

The following report was generated to give the International Space Station (ISS) Program some additional insight into the operations and issues associated with accommodating a single U.S. developed Assured Crew Return Vehicle (ACRV). During the generation of this report, changes in both the ISS and ACRV programs were factored into the analysis with the realization that most of the work performed will eventually need to be repeated once the two programs become more integrated. No significant issues associated with the ISS accommodating the ACRV were uncovered. Kinematic analysis of ACRV installation showed that there are viable methods of using Shuttle and Station robotic manipulators. Separation analysis demonstrated that the ACRV departure path clears the Station structure for all likely contingency scenarios. The payload bay packaging analysis identified trades that can be made between payload bay location, Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS) reach and eventual designs of de-orbit stages and docking adapters.

28 CFR 345.41 - Performance appraisal for inmate workers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... inmate's skills, abilities, qualifications, and work performance are sufficiently developed to enable the... FEDERAL PRISON INDUSTRIES (FPI) INMATE WORK PROGRAMS Inmate Worker Standards and Performance Appraisal § 345.41 Performance appraisal for inmate workers. Work supervisors should complete a performance...

28 CFR 345.41 - Performance appraisal for inmate workers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... inmate's skills, abilities, qualifications, and work performance are sufficiently developed to enable the... FEDERAL PRISON INDUSTRIES (FPI) INMATE WORK PROGRAMS Inmate Worker Standards and Performance Appraisal § 345.41 Performance appraisal for inmate workers. Work supervisors should complete a performance...

28 CFR 345.41 - Performance appraisal for inmate workers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... inmate's skills, abilities, qualifications, and work performance are sufficiently developed to enable the... FEDERAL PRISON INDUSTRIES (FPI) INMATE WORK PROGRAMS Inmate Worker Standards and Performance Appraisal § 345.41 Performance appraisal for inmate workers. Work supervisors should complete a performance...

28 CFR 345.41 - Performance appraisal for inmate workers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... inmate's skills, abilities, qualifications, and work performance are sufficiently developed to enable the... FEDERAL PRISON INDUSTRIES (FPI) INMATE WORK PROGRAMS Inmate Worker Standards and Performance Appraisal § 345.41 Performance appraisal for inmate workers. Work supervisors should complete a performance...

28 CFR 345.41 - Performance appraisal for inmate workers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... FEDERAL PRISON INDUSTRIES (FPI) INMATE WORK PROGRAMS Inmate Worker Standards and Performance Appraisal § 345.41 Performance appraisal for inmate workers. Work supervisors should complete a performance... inmate's skills, abilities, qualifications, and work performance are sufficiently developed to enable the...

The Anniversary of the First Public Announcement of the Successful Test of Fission Proceedings (50th) Held in Washington, DC on 17 January 1989

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-17

Sigmund Freud but eventually broke with him and established his own school and pattern of work. When studying the behavioral patterns of children and...conform in most cases to U matters related to sexual activities so strongly emphasized by Freud . Instead, they required much more general analysis and

Developing teamwork skills in capstone design courses.

PubMed

Goldberg, Jay

2010-01-01

The majority of our biomedical engineering graduates will eventually work in an industry where they will be part of multidisciplinary teams that use the collective skills, expertise, experience, and training of each team member. Diversity within these teams provides different perspectives, opinions, and ways of viewing problems, leading to a larger set of potential solutions. Successful careers require engineers to be able to function on multidisciplinary teams.

Al Sahawa - The Awakening: An Education and Training Resource Guide

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-01

Hadithah, and Hit to work with the tribes and develop those relationships from the bottom up. In fact, Major General James Mattis , 1st Marine Division...conditions for the awakening in Ramadi through tribal connections, in- 11 This includes James ...mid-2004. According to Mattis ’ account, Major Such and the efforts of these isolated SF detachments “actually began what eventually morphed into the

Community Health Nursing for Working People. A Guide for Voluntary and Official Health Agencies to Provide Part-Time Occupational Health Nursing Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Public Health Service (DHEW), Cincinnati, OH.

Developed on the assumption that part-time nursing services will eventually become part of a comprehensive health program for each industry served, this 3-part guide contains guidelines for planning, promoting, and developing a part-time nursing service. Part I provides administrative considerations for planning the service and responsibilities of…

Basal area or stocking percent: which works best in controlling density in natural shortleaf pine stands

Treesearch

Ivan L. Sander

1986-01-01

Results from a shortleaf pine thinning study in Missouri show that continually thinning a stand to the same basal area will eventually create an understocked stand and reduce yields. Using stocking percent to control thinning intensity allows basal area to increase as stands get older. The best yield should occur when shortleaf pine is repeatedly thinned to 60 percent...

Reuse in Practice Workshop Summary

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-01

workshop. The SEI is to be commended for their efforts in overcoming a disaster the weekend before the workshop. Power to the SEI building, the originally...increase their technological and economic resources, and merge, their political, economic and technological power will probably eventually transcend that of...parameterzation, a produc- which provide powerful analytical frame- or project must be able to divide and con- works for understanding and optimizing the

A Laser Based Fusion Test Facility

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-01

Nike laser have explored the intensities employed by these Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the...and best beam smoothing with KrF makes it the most resistant to such instability. As discussed above, recent experiments using the Nike facility...support this expectation. There is ongoing experimental and theoretical work on Nike , Omega, and eventually NIF to determine these intensity limits

Non-Ligand-Induced Dimerization is Sufficient to Initiate the Signalling and Endocytosis of EGF Receptor.

PubMed

Kourouniotis, George; Wang, Yi; Pennock, Steven; Chen, Xinmei; Wang, Zhixiang

2016-07-25

The binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to EGF receptor (EGFR) stimulates cell mitogenesis and survival through various signalling cascades. EGF also stimulates rapid EGFR endocytosis and its eventual degradation in lysosomes. The immediate events induced by ligand binding include receptor dimerization, activation of intrinsic tyrosine kinase and autophosphorylation. However, in spite of intensified efforts, the results regarding the roles of these events in EGFR signalling and internalization is still very controversial. In this study, we constructed a chimeric EGFR by replacing its extracellular domain with leucine zipper (LZ) and tagged a green fluorescent protein (GFP) at its C-terminus. We showed that the chimeric LZ-EGFR-GFP was constitutively dimerized. The LZ-EGFR-GFP dimer autophosphorylated each of its five well-defined C-terminal tyrosine residues as the ligand-induced EGFR dimer does. Phosphorylated LZ-EGFR-GFP was localized to both the plasma membrane and endosomes, suggesting it is capable of endocytosis. We also showed that LZ-EGFR-GFP activated major signalling proteins including Src homology collagen-like (Shc), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt. Moreover, LZ-EGFR-GFP was able to stimulate cell proliferation. These results indicate that non-ligand induced dimerization is sufficient to activate EGFR and initiate cell signalling and EGFR endocytosis. We conclude that receptor dimerization is a critical event in EGF-induced cell signalling and EGFR endocytosis.

34 CFR 675.19 - Fiscal procedures and records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL WORK-STUDY PROGRAMS Federal Work-Study Program § 675.19 Fiscal... paid on an hourly basis, a time record showing the hours each student worked in clock time sequence, or the total hours worked per day; (ii) Include a payroll voucher containing sufficient information to...

34 CFR 675.19 - Fiscal procedures and records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL WORK-STUDY PROGRAMS Federal Work-Study Program § 675.19 Fiscal... paid on an hourly basis, a time record showing the hours each student worked in clock time sequence, or the total hours worked per day; (ii) Include a payroll voucher containing sufficient information to...

Towards a Sufficient Theory of Transition in Cognitive Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wallace, J. G.

The work reported aims at the construction of a sufficient theory of transition in cognitive development. The method of theory construction employed is computer simulation of cognitive process. The core of the model of transition presented comprises self-modification processes that, as a result of continuously monitoring an exhaustive record of…

Investigation of Professional Self Sufficiency Levels of Physical Education and Sports Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saracaoglu, Asuman Seda; Ozsaker, Murat; Varol, Rana

2012-01-01

The present research aimed at detecting professional self sufficiency levels of physical education and sports teachers who worked in Izmir Province and at investigating them in terms of some variables. For data collection, Teacher's Sense of Efficacy Scale-developed by Moran and Woolfolk-Hoy (2001) and Turkish validity and reliability studies…

20 CFR 435.22 - Payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH... electronic funds transfers are not used. (f) Working capital advance method. If a recipient cannot meet the... recipient lacks sufficient working capital, SSA may provide cash on a working capital advance basis. Under...

20 CFR 435.22 - Payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH... electronic funds transfers are not used. (f) Working capital advance method. If a recipient cannot meet the... recipient lacks sufficient working capital, SSA may provide cash on a working capital advance basis. Under...

20 CFR 411.635 - Can a beneficiary be represented in the dispute resolution process under the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411.635 Can a beneficiary be...

20 CFR 411.635 - Can a beneficiary be represented in the dispute resolution process under the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411.635 Can a beneficiary be...

20 CFR 411.635 - Can a beneficiary be represented in the dispute resolution process under the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411.635 Can a beneficiary be...

20 CFR 411.635 - Can a beneficiary be represented in the dispute resolution process under the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411.635 Can a beneficiary be...

20 CFR 411.635 - Can a beneficiary be represented in the dispute resolution process under the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411.635 Can a beneficiary be...

Scalable Metadata Management for a Large Multi-Source Seismic Data Repository

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gaylord, J. M.; Dodge, D. A.; Magana-Zook, S. A.

In this work, we implemented the key metadata management components of a scalable seismic data ingestion framework to address limitations in our existing system, and to position it for anticipated growth in volume and complexity. We began the effort with an assessment of open source data flow tools from the Hadoop ecosystem. We then began the construction of a layered architecture that is specifically designed to address many of the scalability and data quality issues we experience with our current pipeline. This included implementing basic functionality in each of the layers, such as establishing a data lake, designing a unifiedmore » metadata schema, tracking provenance, and calculating data quality metrics. Our original intent was to test and validate the new ingestion framework with data from a large-scale field deployment in a temporary network. This delivered somewhat unsatisfying results, since the new system immediately identified fatal flaws in the data relatively early in the pipeline. Although this is a correct result it did not allow us to sufficiently exercise the whole framework. We then widened our scope to process all available metadata from over a dozen online seismic data sources to further test the implementation and validate the design. This experiment also uncovered a higher than expected frequency of certain types of metadata issues that challenged us to further tune our data management strategy to handle them. Our result from this project is a greatly improved understanding of real world data issues, a validated design, and prototype implementations of major components of an eventual production framework. This successfully forms the basis of future development for the Geophysical Monitoring Program data pipeline, which is a critical asset supporting multiple programs. It also positions us very well to deliver valuable metadata management expertise to our sponsors, and has already resulted in an NNSA Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation commitment to a multi-year project for follow-on work.« less

Highly efficient enrichment of low-abundance intact proteins by core-shell structured Fe3O4-chitosan@graphene composites.

PubMed

Zhang, Peng; Fang, Xiaoni; Yan, Guoquan; Gao, Mingxia; Zhang, Xiangmin

2017-11-01

In proteomics research, the screening and monitoring of disease biomarkers is still a major challenge, mainly due to their low concentration in biological samples. However, the universal enrichment of intact proteins has not been further studied. In this work, we developed a Fe 3 O 4 -chitosan@graphene (Fe 3 O 4 -CS@G) core-shell composite to enrich low-abundance proteins from biological samples. Fe 3 O 4 -CS@G composite holds chitosan layer decorated Fe 3 O 4 core, which improves the hydrophilicity of materials greatly. Meanwhile, the graphene nanosheets shell formed via electrostatic assembly endows the composite with huge surface area (178m 2 /g). The good water dispersibility ensures the sufficient contact opportunities between graphene composites and proteins, and the large surface area provides enough adsorption sites for the enrichment of proteins. Using Fe 3 O 4 -CS@G, four standard proteins Cyt-c, BSA, Myo and OVA were enriched with better adsorption capacity and recovery rate, compared with previously reported magnetic graphene composites. Additionally, the mechanism of compared to" is corrected into "compared with". proteins adsorption on Fe 3 O 4 -CS@G was further studied, which indicates that hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction work together to facilitate the universal and efficient enrichment of proteins. Human plasma sample was employed to further evaluate the enrichment performance of Fe 3 O 4 -CS@G. Eventually, 123 proteins were identified from one of SAX fractions of human plasma, which is much better than commercial Sep-pak C18 enrichment column (39 proteins). All these outstanding performances suggest that Fe 3 O 4 -CS@G is an ideal platform for the enrichment of low-abundance intact proteins and thus holds great potential to facilitate the identification of biomarkers from biological samples in proteomics research. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Discrete Diffusion Monte Carlo for Electron Thermal Transport

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chenhall, Jeffrey; Cao, Duc; Wollaeger, Ryan; Moses, Gregory

2014-10-01

The iSNB (implicit Schurtz Nicolai Busquet electron thermal transport method of Cao et al. is adapted to a Discrete Diffusion Monte Carlo (DDMC) solution method for eventual inclusion in a hybrid IMC-DDMC (Implicit Monte Carlo) method. The hybrid method will combine the efficiency of a diffusion method in short mean free path regions with the accuracy of a transport method in long mean free path regions. The Monte Carlo nature of the approach allows the algorithm to be massively parallelized. Work to date on the iSNB-DDMC method will be presented. This work was supported by Sandia National Laboratory - Albuquerque.

The space shuttle payload planning working groups. Volume 7: Earth observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The findings of the Earth Observations working group of the space shuttle payload planning activity are presented. The objectives of the Earth Observation experiments are: (1) establishment of quantitative relationships between observable parameters and geophysical variables, (2) development, test, calibration, and evaluation of eventual flight instruments in experimental space flight missions, (3) demonstration of the operational utility of specific observation concepts or techniques as information inputs needed for taking actions, and (4) deployment of prototype and follow-on operational Earth Observation systems. The basic payload capability, mission duration, launch sites, inclinations, and payload limitations are defined.

Mission and Safety Critical (MASC) plans for the MASC Kernel simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

This report discusses a prototype for Mission and Safety Critical (MASC) kernel simulation which explains the intended approach and how the simulation will be used. Smalltalk is chosen for the simulation because of usefulness in quickly building working models of the systems and its object-oriented approach to software. A scenario is also introduced to give details about how the simulation works. The eventual system will be a fully object-oriented one implemented in Ada via Dragoon. To implement the simulation, a scenario using elements typical of those in the Space Station, was created.

End-to-end plasma bubble PIC simulations on GPUs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Germaschewski, Kai; Fox, William; Matteucci, Jackson; Bhattacharjee, Amitava

2017-10-01

Accelerator technologies play a crucial role in eventually achieving exascale computing capabilities. The current and upcoming leadership machines at ORNL (Titan and Summit) employ Nvidia GPUs, which provide vast computational power but also need specifically adapted computational kernels to fully exploit them. In this work, we will show end-to-end particle-in-cell simulations of the formation, evolution and coalescence of laser-generated plasma bubbles. This work showcases the GPU capabilities of the PSC particle-in-cell code, which has been adapted for this problem to support particle injection, a heating operator and a collision operator on GPUs.

Employer Involvement in Work-Based Learning Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bailey, Thomas; Hughes, Katherine

A 3-year research project focused on whether sufficient numbers of employers could be recruited to create a national school-to-work system with a substantial work-based learning component as called for by the 1994 School-to-Work Opportunities Act. Research methods were as follows: case studies of 12 work-based learning programs at 9 sites located…

The Workplace Experiences of Women with Fibromyalgia.

PubMed

Juuso, Päivi; Skär, Lisa; Sundin, Karin; Söderberg, Siv

2016-06-01

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common pain syndrome that mostly affects women. Chronic pain and other symptoms often chalenge work for women with FM. This study aimed to explore how women with FM experience their work situations. A purposive sample of 15 women with FM was interviewed with in-depth qualitative interviews. Data were analysed using a hermeneutic approach. The results revealed that women with FM experienced incapacity to work as they had previously and eventually accepted that their work life had changed or reached its end. Since their work had great significance in their lives, feelings of loss and sorrow were common. Women who were working, unemployed, or on sick leave described feelings of fear for their future work situations. Women with FM greatly value their work. Their wish to perform work as before is however, not consistent with their abilities. As such, women with FM need support in continuing to work for as long as possible, after which they need support in finding new values in life. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Ion track etching revisited: II. Electronic properties of aged tracks in polymers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fink, D.; Muñoz Hernández, G.; Cruz, S. A.; Garcia-Arellano, H.; Vacik, J.; Hnatowicz, V.; Kiv, A.; Alfonta, L.

2018-02-01

We compile here electronic ion track etching effects, such as capacitive-type currents, current spike emission, phase shift, rectification and background currents that eventually emerge upon application of sinusoidal alternating voltages across thin, aged swift heavy ion-irradiated polymer foils during etching. Both capacitive-type currents and current spike emission occur as long as obstacles still prevent a smooth continuous charge carrier passage across the foils. In the case of sufficiently high applied electric fields, these obstacles are overcome by spike emission. These effects vanish upon etchant breakthrough. Subsequent transmitted currents are usually of Ohmic type, but shortly after breakthrough (during the track' core etching) often still exhibit deviations such as strong positive phase shifts. They stem from very slow charge carrier mobility across the etched ion tracks due to retarding trapping/detrapping processes. Upon etching the track's penumbra, one occasionally observes a split-up into two transmitted current components, one with positive and another one with negative phase shifts. Usually, these phase shifts vanish when bulk etching starts. Current rectification upon track etching is a very frequent phenomenon. Rectification uses to inverse when core etching ends and penumbra etching begins. When the latter ends, rectification largely vanishes. Occasionally, some residual rectification remains which we attribute to the aged polymeric bulk itself. Last not least, we still consider background currents which often emerge transiently during track etching. We could assign them clearly to differences in the electrochemical potential of the liquids on both sides of the etched polymer foils. Transient relaxation effects during the track etching cause their eventually chaotic behaviour.

A model of excitation and adaptation in bacterial chemotaxis.

PubMed Central

Hauri, D C; Ross, J

1995-01-01

We present a model of the chemotactic mechanism of Escherichia coli that exhibits both initial excitation and eventual complete adaptation to any and all levels of stimulus ("exact" adaptation). In setting up the reaction network, we use only known interactions and experimentally determined cytosolic concentrations. Whenever possible, rate coefficients are first assigned experimentally measured values; second, we permit some variation in these rate coefficients by using a multiple-well optimization technique and incremental adjustment to obtain values that are sufficient to engender initial response to stimuli (excitation) and an eventual return of behavior to baseline (adaptation). The predictions of the model are similar to the observed behavior of wild-type bacteria in regard to the time scale of excitation in the presence of both attractant and repellent. The model predicts a weaker response to attractant than that observed experimentally, and the time scale of adaptation does not depend as strongly upon stimulant concentration as does that for wild-type bacteria. The mechanism responsible for long-term adaptation is local rather than global: on addition of a repellent or attractant, the receptor types not sensitive to that attractant or repellent do not change their average methylation level in the long term, although transient changes do occur. By carrying out a phenomenological simulation of bacterial chemotaxis, we find that the model is insufficiently sensitive to effect taxis in a gradient of attractant. However, by arbitrarily increasing the sensitivity of the motor to the tumble effector (phosphorylated CheY), we can obtain chemotactic behavior. Images FIGURE 6 FIGURE 7 PMID:7696522

The dependence of gamma-ray burst X-ray column densities on the model for Galactic hydrogen

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arcodia, R.; Campana, S.; Salvaterra, R.

2016-05-01

We study the X-ray absorption of a complete sample of 99 bright Swift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). In recent years, a strong correlation has been found between the intrinsic X-ray absorbing column density (NH(z)) and the redshift. This absorption excess in high-z GRBs is now thought to be due to the overlooked contribution of the absorption along the intergalactic medium (IGM), by means of both intervening objects and the diffuse warm-hot intergalactic medium along the line of sight. In this work we neglect the absorption along the IGM, because our purpose is to study the eventual effect of a radical change in the Galactic absorption model on the NH(z) distribution. Therefore, we derive the intrinsic absorbing column densities using two different Galactic absorption models: the Leiden Argentine Bonn HI survey and the more recent model that includes molecular hydrogen. We find that if, on the one hand, the new Galactic model considerably affects the single column density values, on the other hand, there is no drastic change in the distribution as a whole. It becomes clear that the contribution of Galactic column densities alone, no matter how improved, is not sufficient to change the observed general trend and it has to be considered as a second order correction. The cosmological increase of NH(z) as a function of redshift persists and, to explain the observed distribution, it is necessary to include the contribution of both the diffuse intergalactic medium and the intervening systems along the line of sight of the GRBs.

Surface folding-induced attraction and motion of particles in a soft elastic gel: cooperative effects of surface tension, elasticity, and gravity.

PubMed

Chakrabarti, Aditi; Chaudhury, Manoj K

2013-12-17

We report some experimental observations regarding a new type of long-range interaction between rigid particles that prevails when they are suspended in an ultrasoft elastic gel. A denser particle submerges itself to a considerable depth inside the gel and becomes elasto-buoyant by balancing its weight against the elastic force exerted by the surrounding medium. By virtue of a large elasto-capillary length, the surface of the gel wraps around the particle and closes to create a line singularity connecting the particle to the free surface of the gel. A substantial amount of tensile strain is thus developed in the gel network parallel to the free surface that penetrates to a significant depth inside the gel. The field of this tensile strain is rather long-range because of a large gravito-elastic correlation length and sufficiently strong to pull two submerged particles into contact. The particles move toward each other with an effective force following an inverse linear distance law. When more monomers or dimers of the particles are released inside the gel, they orient rather freely inside the capsules where they are located and attract each other to form closely packed clusters. Eventually, these clusters themselves interact and coalesce. This is an emergent phenomenon in which gravity, capillarity, and elasticity work in tandem to create a long-range interaction. We also present the results of a related experiment, in which a particle suspended inside a thickness-graded gel moves accompanied by the continuous folding and the relaxation of the gel's surface.

A study of the passive gait of a compass-like biped robot: Symmetry and chaos

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goswami, A.; Espiau, B.; Thuilot, B.

1998-12-01

The focus of this work is a systematic study of the passive gait of a compass-like planar, biped robot on inclined slopes. The robot is kinematically equivalent to a double pendulum, possessing two kneeless legs with point masses and a third point mass at the hip joint. Three parameters, namely, the ground-slope angle and the normalized mass and length of the robot describe its gait. The authors show that in response to a continuous change in any one of its parameters, the symmetric and steady stable gait of the unpowered robot gradually evolves through a regime of bifurcations characterized bymore » progressively complicated asymmetric gaits, eventually arriving at an apparently chaotic gait where not two steps are identical. The robot can maintain this gait indefinitely. A necessary (but not sufficient) condition for the stability of such gaits is the contraction of the phase-fluid volume. For this frictionless robot, the volume contraction, which the authors compute, is caused by the dissipative effects of the ground-impact model. In the chaotic regime, the fractal dimension of the robot`s strange attractor (2.07) compared to its state-space dimension (4) also reveals strong contraction. The authors present a novel graphical technique based on the first return map that compactly captures the entire evolution of the gait, from symmetry to chaos. Additional passive dissipative elements in the robot joint results in a significant improvement in the stability and the versatility of the gait, and provide a rich repertoire for simple controls laws.« less

P-REx: The Piston Reconstruction Experiment for infrared interferometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Widmann, Felix; Pott, Jörg-Uwe; Velasco, Sergio

2018-03-01

For sensitive infrared interferometry, it is crucial to control the differential piston evolution between the used telescopes. This is classically done by the use of a fringe tracker. In this work, we develop a new method to reconstruct the temporal piston variation from the atmosphere, by using real-time data from adaptive optics (AO) wavefront sensing: the Piston Reconstruction Experiment (P-REx). In order to understand the principle performance of the system in a realistic multilayer atmosphere, it is first extensively tested in simulations. The gained insights are then used to apply P-REx to real data, in order to demonstrate the benefit of using P-REx as an auxiliary system in a real interferometer. All tests show positive results, which encourages further research and eventually a real implementation. Especially, the tests on on-sky data showed that the atmosphere is, under decent observing conditions, sufficiently well structured and stable, in order to apply P-REx. It was possible to conveniently reconstruct the piston evolution in two-thirds of the data sets from good observing conditions (r0 ˜ 30 cm). The main conclusion is that applying the piston reconstruction in a real system would reduce the piston variation from around 10 μm down to 1-2 μm over time-scales of up to two seconds. This suggests an application for mid-infrared interferometry, for example for MATISSE at the very large telescope interferometer or the large binocular telescope interferometer. P-REx therefore provides the possibility to improve interferometric measurements without the need for more complex AO systems than already in regular use at 8-m-class telescopes.

Our cosmic future : humanity's fate in the universe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prantzos, Nikos

2000-04-01

What is humankind's ultimate fate and destiny in the Universe? Can human life and intelligence go on forever? This captivating and unparalleled book explores the future of the human race in the Universe, for centuries, millennia, and eons to come. Nikos Prantzos, distinguished astrophysicist and popular science writer, focuses not on what will be done, but on what could be done in light of our current knowledge and the speculations of eminent scientists. While he employs many concepts from physics, Prantzos also provides historical accounts of such ideas as terraforming, asteroid mining, interstellar travel, astroengineering, and eschatology, discussing their philosophical and social implications. Moreover, he uses the work of well known science and science-fiction writers--including Verne, Wells, Clarke, Tsiolkovsky, and Dyson--to illustrate many possibilities and concepts. Our Cosmic Future offers compelling answers to such intriguing questions as: Should we return to the Moon and eventually colonize Mars and other planets in our solar system? Why haven't we encountered an extraterrestrial civilization up to this time in our history? How can we avoid various cosmic threats, such as asteroid collisions and supernova explosions? Could we escape the remote, yet certain, death of the Sun? What will eventually happen to stars, our Galaxy, distant galaxies, and the Universe itself? With its artful blend of historical, scientific accounts and themes from classic works of science fiction, Our Cosmic Future is a spellbinding work that will enchant all readers interested in space travel and colonization, cosmology, and humankind's future prospects in the Cosmos.

The criterion of subscale sufficiency and its application to the relationship between static capillary pressure, saturation and interfacial areas.

PubMed

Kurzeja, Patrick

2016-05-01

Modern imaging techniques, increased simulation capabilities and extended theoretical frameworks, naturally drive the development of multiscale modelling by the question: which new information should be considered? Given the need for concise constitutive relationships and efficient data evaluation; however, one important question is often neglected: which information is sufficient? For this reason, this work introduces the formalized criterion of subscale sufficiency. This criterion states whether a chosen constitutive relationship transfers all necessary information from micro to macroscale within a multiscale framework. It further provides a scheme to improve constitutive relationships. Direct application to static capillary pressure demonstrates usefulness and conditions for subscale sufficiency of saturation and interfacial areas.

20 CFR 655.122 - Contents of job offers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... employment for a total number of work hours equal to at least three-fourths of the workdays of the total... holidays. The employer must offer a total number of hours to ensure the provision of sufficient work to reach the three-fourths guarantee. The work hours must be offered during the work period specified in...

20 CFR 411.450 - What is an Individual Work Plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false What is an Individual Work Plan? 411.450 Section 411.450 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY... work plan (IWP) is a required written document signed by an employment network (EN) (other than a State...

20 CFR 411.450 - What is an Individual Work Plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What is an Individual Work Plan? 411.450 Section 411.450 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY... work plan (IWP) is a required written document signed by an employment network (EN) (other than a State...

[Effect of vitamin beverages on vitamin sufficiency of the workers of Pskov Hydroelectric Power-Plant].

PubMed

Spiricheva, T V; Vrezhesinskaia, O A; Beketova, N A; Pereverzeva, O G; Kosheleva, O V; Kharitonchik, L A; Kodentsova, V M; Iudina, A V; Spirichev, V B

2010-01-01

The research of influence of vitamin complexes in the form of a drink or kissel on vitamin sufficiency of working persons has been carried out. Long inclusion (6,5 months) in a diet of vitamin drinks containing about 80% from recommended daily consumption of vitamins, was accompanied by trustworthy improvement of vitamins C and B6 sufficiency and prevention of seasonal deterioration of beta-carotene status. As initially surveyed have been well provided with vitamins A and E, their blood serum level increase had not occurred.

The Work Alternative. Welfare Reform and the Realities of the Job Market.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nightingale, Demetra Smith, Ed.; Haveman, Robert H., Ed.

Contributions to this book are based on presentations at a conference hosted by The Urban Institute in April 1994 to consider the challenges of achieving self-sufficiency for the nation's poor. Achieving long-term self-sufficiency for society's members is a fundamental social goal, but the problems involved, particularly those of finding enough…

Helicobacter Pylori Transmission and Risk Factors for Infection in Rural China

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-12-08

of infectious mononucleosis , a common infection that is transmitted by the oral-oral route) share a common mode of transmission.93 Several...development of strategies for controlling and eventual eradication of this infectious disease. Epidemiology Because acute infection with H. pylori is...stressful home or work environments, poor nutrition, or exposure to other infectious agents that may increase the likelihood of an individual being exposed

Virtual Brain Bank a public collection of classified head MRI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barrios, Fernando A.

2000-10-01

In this work I present the effort at the Neurobiology Center for creating a digital Brain Bank, a collection of well classified human brains that are used for teaching and research, this bank will be based in a collection of high resolution three dimensional head MRI. For this reason this bank is being named "virtual" and eventually will be of public access though a WEB page in the INTERNET.

From Image Analysis to Computer Vision: Motives, Methods, and Milestones.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-07-01

images. Initially, work on digital image analysis dealt with specific classes of images such as text, photomicrographs, nuclear particle tracks, and aerial...photographs; but by the 1960’s, general algorithms and paradigms for image analysis began to be formulated. When the artificial intelligence...scene, but eventually from image sequences obtained by a moving camera; at this stage, image analysis had become scene analysis or computer vision

Advancing under Fire: Wartime Change and the U.S. Military

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

against enemy bunkers (Friedman, 1987 ). Eventually, TF 117 exhausted the limits of what could be achieved through riverine craft landings against a...changed out while afloat (Friedman, 1987 ). Despite its shortcomings, the “swift” boat carried the brunt of the early riverine work. It was not...in production for over 20 years ( Eisler , Morrison, & Vanden Brook, 2007). However, as the problem was viewed as requiring an immediate solution and

An Exploration of the Impact of Critical Math Literacies and Alternative Schooling Spaces on the Identity Development of High School-Aged Black Males in South Los Angeles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Terry, Clarence La Mont

2009-01-01

Urban schools, for many African American students, have effectively become a space for the perpetuation of modern slavery. Large numbers of students, particularly Black males, are being funneled without choice into low-wage labor sectors, military service, underground economies and, eventually, prisons or worse. Key work by math education…

3-D Scanning of Headstones at the U.S. Naval Plot, Mount Moriah Cemetery, Philadelphia, PA

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-11-17

unrecognizable because these monuments of history provide a record of the heroes who served this country with honor and distinction. The naval plot at Mount...Eventually, 1 History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884, by John Thomas Scharf and Thompson...digital imaging requires natural or artificial light to work effec- tively. The point cloud is the most important aspect of this technology for

Financial management: a necessary tool for generating cash.

PubMed

Humphrey, E; Cilwik, C J

1994-01-01

This article is an introduction to four types of financial analysis and a foundation for additional exposure to financial analysis. If you don't like working with numbers, consider hiring an accountant or a qualified industry consultant to help you analyze your business. Eventually, you will learn what financial clues to look for when analyzing your business and how to reach your objectives and generate cash to reinvest in your business.

Supersonic Research Display for Tour

NASA Image and Video Library

1946-03-21

On March 22, 1946, 250 members of the Institute of Aeronautical Science toured the NACA’s Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory. NACA Chairman Jerome Hunsaker and Secretary John Victory were on hand to brief the attendees in the Administration Building before the visited the lab’s test facilities. At each of the twelve stops, researchers provided brief presentations on their work. Topics included axial flow combustors, materials for turbine blades, engine cooling, icing prevention, and supersonic flight. The laboratory reorganized itself in October 1945 as World War II came to an end to address newly emerging technologies such as the jet engine, rockets, and high-speed flight. While design work began on what would eventually become the 8- by 6-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel, NACA Lewis quickly built several small supersonic tunnels. These small facilities utilized the Altitude Wind Tunnel’s massive air handling equipment to generate high-speed airflow. The display seen in this photograph was set up in the building that housed the first of these wind tunnels. Eventually the building would contain three small supersonic tunnels, referred to as the “stack tunnels” because of the vertical alignment. The two other tunnels were added to this structure in 1949 and 1951. The small tunnels were used until the early 1960s to study the aerodynamic characteristics of supersonic inlets and exits.

Associations Among Nursing Work Environment and Health-Promoting Behaviors of Nurses and Nursing Performance Quality: A Multilevel Modeling Approach.

PubMed

Cho, Hyeonmi; Han, Kihye

2018-05-14

This study aimed to determine the relationships among the unit-level nursing work environment and individual-level health-promoting behaviors of hospital nurses in South Korea and their perceived nursing performance quality. This study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires from 432 nurses in 57 units at five hospitals in South Korea. Nursing performance quality, nursing work environment, and health-promoting behaviors were measured using the Six Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance, Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II, respectively. Nurses working in units with nurse managers who were characterized by better ability and by quality leadership, and who provided more support to nurses exhibited significantly greater health responsibility and physical activity. Nurses working with sufficient staffing and resources reported better stress management. Positive collegial nurse-physician relationships in units were significantly associated with more healthy eating among nurses. Nurses working in units with sufficient staffing and resources, and who had a higher level of spiritual growth and health responsibility, were more likely to perceive their nursing performance quality as being higher. To improve the quality of nursing practice, hospitals should focus on helping nurses maintain healthy lifestyles, as well as improving their working conditions in South Korea. Organizational support for adequate human resources and materials, mutual cooperation among nurses and physicians, and workplace health-promotion interventions for spiritual growth and health responsibility are needed. Organizational efforts to provide sufficient staffing and resources, boost the development of personal resources among nurses, and promote nurses' responsibility for their own health could be effective strategies for improving nursing performance quality and patient outcomes. © 2018 Sigma Theta Tau International.

20 CFR 411.125 - Who is eligible to receive a ticket under the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Ticket to Work program? 411.125 Section 411.125 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Tickets Under the Ticket to Work Program § 411.125 Who is eligible to receive a ticket under the Ticket to Work program? (a) You will be eligible to receive a Ticket...

Society 3.0: How Technology Is Reshaping Education, Work and Society

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilen-Daugenti, Tracey

2012-01-01

Higher education in the U.S. has traditionally prepared students for work and social success, but with families, work, and society itself undergoing revolutionary change, is this preparation sufficient to develop the 21st-century workforce? This book explores how evolving family structures, new ways of balancing work and personal lives, and rapid…

Preparing Social Work Students for Integrated Health Care: Results from a National Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Held, Mary Lehman; Mallory, Kim Crane; Cummings, Sherry

2017-01-01

Integrated health care serves a vital role in addressing interrelated physical and behavioral health conditions, but social work graduates often lack sufficient training to work on integrated teams. We surveyed 94 deans of master's of social work programs to assess the current and planned integrated health care curricula and the aptitude of…

48 CFR 52.236-13 - Accident Prevention.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... (NOV 1991) (a) The Contractor shall provide and maintain work environments and procedures which will (1... delivered to the Contractor or the Contractor's representative at the work site, shall be deemed sufficient... corrective action, the Contracting Officer may issue an order stopping all or part of the work until...

The criterion of subscale sufficiency and its application to the relationship between static capillary pressure, saturation and interfacial areas

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Modern imaging techniques, increased simulation capabilities and extended theoretical frameworks, naturally drive the development of multiscale modelling by the question: which new information should be considered? Given the need for concise constitutive relationships and efficient data evaluation; however, one important question is often neglected: which information is sufficient? For this reason, this work introduces the formalized criterion of subscale sufficiency. This criterion states whether a chosen constitutive relationship transfers all necessary information from micro to macroscale within a multiscale framework. It further provides a scheme to improve constitutive relationships. Direct application to static capillary pressure demonstrates usefulness and conditions for subscale sufficiency of saturation and interfacial areas. PMID:27279769

Modulation of selective attention by polarity-specific tDCS effects.

PubMed

Pecchinenda, Anna; Ferlazzo, Fabio; Lavidor, Michal

2015-02-01

Selective attention relies on working memory to maintain an attention set of task priorities. Consequently, selective attention is more efficient when working memory resources are not depleted. However, there is some evidence that distractors are processed even when working memory load is low. We used tDCS to assess whether boosting the activity of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC), involved in selective attention and working memory, would reduce interference from emotional distractors. Findings showed that anodal tDCS over the DLPFC was not sufficient to reduce interference from angry distractors. In contrast, cathodal tDCS over the DLPFC reduced interference from happy distractors. These findings show that altering the DLPFC activity is not sufficient to establish top-down control and increase selective attention efficiency. Although, when the neural signal in the DLPFC is altered by cathodal tDCS, interference from emotional distractors is reduced, leading to an improved performance. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Does SSP Plus Increase Employment? The Effect of Adding Services to the Self-Sufficiency Project's Financial Incentives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Quets, Gail; Robins, Philip K.; Pan, Elsie C.; Michalopoulos, Charles; Card, David

In 1992, Human Resources Development Canada launched the Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP), which was a research and demonstration effort involving long-term, single-parent Income Assistance (IA) recipients in New Brunswick and British Columbia. Under SSP, IA recipients who left IA and worked at least 30 hours per week were offered a generous but…

Self-Employment as a Means to Women's Economic Self-Sufficiency: WomenVenture's Business Development Program. SEEDS No. 15.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKee, Katharine; And Others

This pamphlet examines the development and activities of WomenVenture's business development program in the context of facilitation of self-employment as a means to women's economic self-sufficiency. The following topics are discussed: women in the work force, women in poverty, self-employment and low-income women, formation of the Women's…

Shift Work and Sleep: Medical Implications and Management

PubMed Central

Jehan, Shazia; Zizi, Ferdinand; Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R; Myers, Alyson K; Auguste, Evan; Jean-Louis, Girardin; McFarlane, Samy I

2018-01-01

The primary occupation of a worker can play an important role in achieving good sleep, as well as good physical and mental health. Shift Work Sleep Disorder (SWSD) is a condition that results from working atypical shifts (i.e. other than the typical 9 am to 5 pm schedule). Individuals who manifest SWSD usually complaint of trouble sleeping, excessive sleepiness and fatigue which interfere with overall functioning. Misalignment of circadian timing system results in undesirable health consequences. Among shift workers, good sleep is essential for efficient functioning. Disturbed sleep is associated with anxiety, depression, poor physical and mental health and eventually, leads to impaired quality of life. The economic burden of undiagnosed, under-and untreated shift work is high. The healthcare workers and policymakers can play a pivotal role in dealing with this issue by educating the public and providing them with adequate privileges to perform their work. PMID:29517053

20 CFR 411.710 - How will an alternate participant choose to participate as an EN in the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... participate as an EN in the Ticket to Work program? 411.710 Section 411.710 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM The Ticket to Work Program and... will an alternate participant choose to participate as an EN in the Ticket to Work program? (a) When...

Science in 60 – Simulating Flames Helps Tame Future Wildfires

ScienceCinema

Lin, Rod

2018-01-16

FIRETEC presents a new way of studying fire and learning how to better manage and cope with it. The model provides additional scientific input for decisions by policymakers working in land management, water resources and energy. The team hopes it will eventually assist fire and fuel management operations. This research is done in partnership with the USDA Forest Service, Air Force Wildland Fire Center, INRA and Canadian Forest Service.

The Pope's confessor: a metaphor relating to illness in the analyst.

PubMed

Clark, R W

1995-01-01

This paper examines some of the internal and external eventualities in the situation of illness in the analyst. The current emphasis on the use of the self as part of the analyzing instrument makes impairments in the analyst's physical well-being potentially disabling to the analytic work. A recommendation is made for analysts, both individually and as a professional group, to always consider this aspect of a personal medical problem.

Darwin and the cirripedes: Insights and dreadful blunders.

PubMed

Deutsch, Jean S

2009-09-01

Charles Darwin's favorite animals were cirripedes (barnacles). Indeed, he worked intensively on cirripedes during the years he was maturing his thoughts regarding his theory, which eventually led to the publication of The Origin of Species. Here I present some of Darwin's achievements in the morphology, systematics and biology of these small marine invertebrates, and also, in light of our present knowledge, some mistakes he made. © 2009 ISZS, Blackwell Publishing and IOZ/CAS.

The Nature and Future of Shi’ite Fundamentalism

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-03-28

initially consisted of an exhaustive compilation of the memories of those who had known Mohammed, or knew others who had known him, sometimes several... memories , orally transmitted. The work of writing down the Hadith did not begin until some fifty years after the death of the Prophet, and two hundred...ways. By chanting religious tracts they eventually achieve a state of self- hypnosis , during which they may beat their own chests, slash their heads

Modern cosmology and the origin of our three dimensionality.

PubMed

Woodbury, M A; Woodbury, M F

1998-01-01

We are three dimensional egocentric beings existing within a specific space/time continuum and dimensionality which we assume wrongly is the same for all times and places throughout the entire universe. Physicists name Omnipoint the origin of the universe at Dimension zero, which exploded as a Big Bang of energy proceeding at enormous speed along one dimension which eventually curled up into matter: particles, atoms, molecules and Galaxies which exist in two dimensional space. Finally from matter spread throughout the cosmos evolved life generating eventually the DNA molecules which control the construction of brains complex enough to construct our three dimensional Body Representation from which is extrapolated what we perceive as a 3-D universe. The whole interconnected structures which conjure up our three dimensionality are as fragile as Humpty Dumpty, capable of breaking apart with terrifying effects for the individual patient during a psychotic panic, revealing our three dimensionality to be but "maya", an illusion, which we psychiatrists work at putting back together.

Durability of self-healing woven glass fabric/epoxy composites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yin, Tao; Rong, Min Zhi; Zhang, Ming Qiu; Zhao, Jian Qing

2009-07-01

In this work, the durability of the healing capability of self-healing woven glass fabric/epoxy laminates was investigated. The composites contained a two-component healing system with epoxy-loaded urea-formaldehyde microcapsules as the polymerizable binder and CuBr2(2-methylimidazole)4 (CuBr2(2-MeIm)4) as the latent hardener. It was found that the healing efficiency of the laminates firstly decreased with storage time at room temperature, and then leveled off for over two months. By means of a systematic investigation and particularly verification tests with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), diffusion of epoxy monomer from the microcapsules due to volumetric contraction of the composites during manufacturing was found to be the probable cause. The diffusing sites on the microcapsules were eventually blocked because the penetrated resin was gradually cured by the remnant amine curing agent in the composites' matrix, and eventually the healing ability was no longer reduced after a longer storage time. The results should help to develop approaches for improving the service stability of the laminates.

Time-Dependent Testing Evaluation and Modeling for Rubber Stopper Seal Performance.

PubMed

Zeng, Qingyu; Zhao, Xia

2018-01-01

Sufficient rubber stopper sealing performance throughout the entire sealed product life cycle is essential for maintaining container closure integrity in the parenteral packaging industry. However, prior publications have lacked systematic considerations for the time-dependent influence on sealing performance that results from the viscoelastic characteristics of the rubber stoppers. In this paper, we report results of an effort to study these effects by applying both compression stress relaxation testing and residual seal force testing for time-dependent experimental data collection. These experiments were followed by modeling fit calculations based on the Maxwell-Wiechert theory modified with the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts stretched exponential function, resulting in a nonlinear, time-dependent sealing force model. By employing both testing evaluations and modeling calculations, an in-depth understanding of the time-dependent effects on rubber stopper sealing force was developed. Both testing and modeling data show good consistency, demonstrating that the sealing force decays exponentially over time and eventually levels off because of the viscoelastic nature of the rubber stoppers. The nonlinearity of stress relaxation derives from the viscoelastic characteristics of the rubber stoppers coupled with the large stopper compression deformation into restrained geometry conditions. The modeling fit with capability to handle actual testing data can be employed as a tool to calculate the compression stress relaxation and residual seal force throughout the entire sealed product life cycle. In addition to being time-dependent, stress relaxation is also experimentally shown to be temperature-dependent. The present work provides a new, integrated methodology framework and some fresh insights to the parenteral packaging industry for practically and proactively considering, designing, setting up, controlling, and managing stopper sealing performance throughout the entire sealed product life cycle. LAY ABSTRACT: Historical publications in the parenteral packaging industry have lacked systematic considerations for the time-dependent influence on the sealing performance that results from effects of viscoelastic characteristic of the rubber stoppers. This study applied compression stress relaxation testing and residual seal force testing for time-dependent experimental data collection. These experiments were followed by modeling fit calculations based on the Maxwell-Wiechert theory modified with the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts stretched exponential function, resulting in a nonlinear, time-dependent sealing force model. Experimental and modeling data show good consistency, demonstrating that sealing force decays exponentially over time and eventually levels off. The nonlinearity of stress relaxation derives from the viscoelastic characteristics of the rubber stoppers coupled with the large stopper compression deformation into restrained geometry conditions. In addition to being time-dependent stress relaxation, it is also experimentally shown to be temperature-dependent. The present work provides a new, integrated methodology framework and some fresh insights to the industry for practically and proactively considering, designing, setting up, controlling, and managing of the stopper sealing performance throughout the entire sealed product life cycle. © PDA, Inc. 2018.

Planetary Geophysics and Tectonics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parmentier, E. M.

1997-01-01

Research supported by grant NAGW-1928 has addressed a variety of problems related to planetary evolution. One important focus has been on questions related to the role of chemical buoyancy in planetary evolution with application to both Venus and the Moon. We have developed a model for the evolution of the Moon (Hess and Parmentier, 1995) in which dense, highly radioactive, late stage magma ocean cumulates sink forming a core. This core heats the overlying, chemically layered mantle giving rise to a heated, chemically well-mixed layer that thickens with time. This Mixed layer eventually becomes hot enough and thick enough that its top begins to melt at a pressure low enough that melt is buoyant, thus creating mare basalts from a high pressure source of the correct composition and at an appropriate time in lunar evolution. In work completed during the last year, numerical experiments on convection in a chemically stably stratified fluid layer heated from below have been completed. These results show us how to calculate the evolution of a mixed layer in the Moon, depending on the heat production in the ilmenite- cumulate core and the chemical stratification of the overlying mantle. Chemical stratification of the mantle after its initial differentiation is would trap heat in the deep interior and prevent the rapid rise of plumes with accompanying volcanism. This trapping of heat in the interior can explain the thickness of the lunar lithosphere as a function of time as well as the magmatic evolution. We show that heat transported to the base of the lithosphere at a rate determined by current estimates of radioactivity in the Moon would not satisfy constraints on elastic lithosphere thickness from tectonic feature associated with basin loading. Trapping heat at depth by a chemically stratified mantle may also explain the absence of global compressional features on the surface that previous models predict for an initially hot lunar interior. For Venus, we developed a model in which the chemical buoyancy of crust and a depleted mantle layer stabilizes the lithosphere for long periods of time and provides a mechanism of episodic planetary evolution (Parmentier and Hess, 1992). Continued thickening of a residual depleted mantle layer eventually suppresses pressure release melting and the creation of depleted mantle. Continued cooling then allows the lithosphere to become heavier than the underlying hotter, undepleted mantle. This repeated instability can occur on time scales appropriate for episodic global resurfacing on Venus. We have also examined the role of the gabbro-eclogite phase transformation on crust and lithosphere stability and as a mechanism of crustal recycling in the absence of plate tectonics. Our work thus far concentrates on the scale of instability that would occur due to cooling or crustal thickening associated with horizontal shortening. Whether repeated overturn can explain the evolution of Venus depends in part on whether sufficient heat transfer can occur between overturns and on constraints provided by understanding observed surface features and evolution.

48 CFR 19.705-2 - Determining the need for a subcontracting plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... performance of part of the work or maintain sufficient in-house capability to perform the work; (2) Whether... business, and women-owned small business concerns to participate, and the burden placed on offerors. (e) A...

48 CFR 19.705-2 - Determining the need for a subcontracting plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... performance of part of the work or maintain sufficient in-house capability to perform the work; (2) Whether... business, and women-owned small business concerns to participate, and the burden placed on offerors. (e) A...

Boundary Work and Power in the Controversy over Therapeutic Touch in Finnish Nursing Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vuolanto, Pia

2015-01-01

The boundary work approach has been established as one of the main ways to study controversies in science. However, it has been proposed that it does not meet the power dynamics of the scientific field sufficiently. This article concentrates on the intertwining of boundary work and power. It combines the boundary work approach developed by Thomas…

Pharmacogenetics and Cardiovascular Disease—Implications for Personalized Medicine

PubMed Central

Cavallari, Larisa H.

2013-01-01

The past decade has seen tremendous advances in our understanding of the genetic factors influencing response to a variety of drugs, including those targeted at treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In the case of clopidogrel, warfarin, and statins, the literature has become sufficiently strong that guidelines are now available describing the use of genetic information to guide treatment with these therapies, and some health centers are using this information in the care of their patients. There are many challenges in moving from research data to translation to practice; we discuss some of these barriers and the approaches some health systems are taking to overcome them. The body of literature that has led to the clinical implementation of CYP2C19 genotyping for clopidogrel, VKORC1, CYP2C9; and CYP4F2 for warfarin; and SLCO1B1 for statins is comprehensively described. We also provide clarity for other genes that have been extensively studied relative to these drugs, but for which the data are conflicting. Finally, we comment briefly on pharmacogenetics of other cardiovascular drugs and highlight β-blockers as the drug class with strong data that has not yet seen clinical implementation. It is anticipated that genetic information will increasingly be available on patients, and it is important to identify those examples where the evidence is sufficiently robust and predictive to use genetic information to guide clinical decisions. The review herein provides several examples of the accumulation of evidence and eventual clinical translation in cardiovascular pharmacogenetics. PMID:23686351

State of the art and new developments in molecular diagnostics for hemoglobinopathies in multiethnic societies.

PubMed

Harteveld, C L

2014-02-01

For detecting carriers of thalassemia traits, the basic part of diagnostics consists of measurement of the hematological indices followed by mostly automatic separation and measurement of the Hb fractions, while direct Hb separation either on high pressure liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis is sufficient to putatively identify carriers of the common Hb variants like HbS, C, E, D, and O-Arab. A putative positive result is reported together with an advice for parents, partner, or family analysis. For couples, presumed at-risk confirmation at the DNA level is essential. In general, this part of diagnostics is done in specialized centers provided with sufficient experience and the technical tools needed to combine hematological and biochemical interpretation with identification of the mutations at the molecular level. State-of-the-art tools are usually available in centers that also provide prenatal diagnosis and should consist of gap-PCR for the common deletions, direct DNA sequencing for all kind of point-mutations and the capacity to uncover novel or rare mutations or disease mechanisms. New developments are MLPA for large and eventually unknown deletion defects and microarray technology for fine mapping and primer design for breakpoint analysis. Gap-PCR primers designed in the region flanking the deletion breakpoints can subsequently be used to facilitate carrier detection of uncommon deletions in family members or isolated populations in laboratories where no microarray technology or MLPA is available. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Bullying Behavior, Parents' Work Hours and Early Adolescents' Perceptions of Time Spent with Parents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christie-Mizell, C. Andre; Keil, Jacqueline M.; Laske, Mary Therese; Stewart, Jennifer

2011-01-01

This research investigates the relationships among bullying behavior, mother's and father's work hours, and early adolescents' perceptions of whether they spend sufficient time with their parents. In cross-sectional models, we find maternal work hours are modestly associated with increases in bullying behavior. However, in more rigorous change…

Facilitating Interdisciplinary Work: Using Quality Assessment to Create Common Ground

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oberg, Gunilla

2009-01-01

Newcomers often underestimate the challenges of interdisciplinary work and, as a rule, do not spend sufficient time to allow them to overcome differences and create common ground, which in turn leads to frustration, unresolved conflicts, and, in the worst case scenario, discontinued work. The key to successful collaboration is to facilitate the…

45 CFR 270.4 - On what measures will we base the bonus awards?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...; five measures that support work and self-sufficiency related to participation by low-income working... these States to as many decimal points as necessary to eliminate the tie. (2) Food Stamp improvement measure. (i) Beginning in FY 2002, we will measure the improvement in the number of low-income working...

45 CFR 270.4 - On what measures will we base the bonus awards?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...; five measures that support work and self-sufficiency related to participation by low-income working... these States to as many decimal points as necessary to eliminate the tie. (2) Food Stamp improvement measure. (i) Beginning in FY 2002, we will measure the improvement in the number of low-income working...

45 CFR 270.4 - On what measures will we base the bonus awards?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...; five measures that support work and self-sufficiency related to participation by low-income working... these States to as many decimal points as necessary to eliminate the tie. (2) Food Stamp improvement measure. (i) Beginning in FY 2002, we will measure the improvement in the number of low-income working...

Career Awareness and Part-Time Work Examined in Lives of High School Seniors.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Braverman, Marc T.; Young, Jane Chin; King, Nicelma J.; Paterson, Carole A.; Weisskirch, Robert S.

2002-01-01

A survey of 1,433 northern California high school seniors examined career awareness and effects of part-time work. Most students agreed that career awareness is important, but only half understood their interests or had sufficient knowledge about occupations. Minority groups expressed greater career exploration needs than Whites. Working students…

Challenging cultural constraints: a personal testimony.

PubMed

Clayton, L

1995-02-01

DISHA is one of the oldest Oxfam project partners in Uttar Pradesh, India. DISHA works with rural women and rope-makers; it encourages village-level women's organizations to fight against obstacles to women's empowerment and to institute income-producing activities; and it provides legal, educational, and health care services. In this article, a Muslim woman tells the story of her involvement with DISHA and how that involvement gave her the courage to reject the restrictions of purdah and of the wearing of the bourkha. This woman was married at age 13. She suffered ill treatment at the house of her in-laws and returned to her father's home with her 3 daughters. Her husband eventually joined her at her father's house. She was approached by a coordinator of DISHA and asked to apply for a job. She was offered the job, which she accepted. When she started going into the villages, she felt that the restrictive dress of the bourkha interfered with her ability to work. With the permission of her father and her husband, she set aside the bourkha. She had to endure criticism and censure for this action, but eventually people have been won over to her position as they have seen the positive results of her work on behalf of society. After having 5 daughters, she finally had a son. Now she is determined that her daughters will never wear the bourkha, even if they must remain single as a result of this resolve. She feels that DISHA has given her the power to overcome oppression in her own life, in the life of her family, and in society.

Perceptions of newly admitted undergraduate medical students on experiential training on community placements and working in rural areas of Uganda.

PubMed

Kaye, Dan K; Mwanika, Andrew; Sekimpi, Patrick; Tugumisirize, Joshua; Sewankambo, Nelson

2010-06-23

Uganda has an acute problem of inadequate human resources partly due to health professionals' unwillingness to work in a rural environment. One strategy to address this problem is to arrange health professional training in rural environments through community placements. Makerere University College of Health Sciences changed training of medical students from the traditional curriculum to a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum in 2003. This curriculum is based on the SPICES model (student-centered, problem-based, integrated, community-based and services oriented). During their first academic year, students undergo orientation on key areas of community-based education, after which they are sent in interdisciplinary teams for community placements. The objective was to assess first year students' perceptions on experiential training through community placements and factors that might influence their willingness to work in rural health facilities after completion of their training. The survey was conducted among 107 newly admitted first year students on the medical, nursing, pharmacy and medical radiography program students, using in-depth interview and open-ended self-administered questionnaires on their first day at the college, from October 28-30, 2008. Data was collected on socio-demographic characteristics, motivation for choosing a medical career, prior exposure to rural health facilities, willingness to have part of their training in rural areas and factors that would influence the decision to work in rural areas. Over 75% completed their high school from urban areas. The majority had minimal exposure to rural health facilities, yet this is where most of them will eventually have to work. Over 75% of the newly admitted students were willing to have their training from a rural area. Perceived factors that might influence retention in rural areas include the local context of work environment, support from family and friends, availability of continuing professional training for career development and support of co-workers and the community. Many first year students at Makerere University have limited exposure to health facilities in rural areas and have concerns about eventually working there.

The Struggle for Self-Sufficiency: Participants in the Self-Sufficiency Project Talk about Work, Welfare, and Their Futures.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bancroft, Wendy; Vernon, Sheila Currie

This report recounts experiences of 99 single parents in British Columbia and New Brunswick who were offered the opportunity to receive cash payments in addition to their earnings if they left the income assistance (IA) rolls and took full-time jobs. The experiences are from participants of focus groups who were mostly female single parents, about…

Stationary conditions for stochastic differential equations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adomian, G.; Walker, W. W.

1972-01-01

This is a preliminary study of possible necessary and sufficient conditions to insure stationarity in the solution process for a stochastic differential equation. It indirectly sheds some light on ergodicity properties and shows that the spectral density is generally inadequate as a statistical measure of the solution. Further work is proceeding on a more general theory which gives necessary and sufficient conditions in a form useful for applications.

30 CFR 77.207 - Illumination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS, SURFACE COAL MINES AND SURFACE WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Surface Installations § 77.207 Illumination. Illumination sufficient to provide safe working conditions shall be...

20 CFR 411.650 - Is there a process for resolving disputes between ENs that are not State VR agencies and PMs...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Section 411.650 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Employment Networks and Program...

20 CFR 411.650 - Is there a process for resolving disputes between ENs that are not State VR agencies and PMs...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Section 411.650 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Employment Networks and Program...

20 CFR 411.650 - Is there a process for resolving disputes between ENs that are not State VR agencies and PMs...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Section 411.650 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Employment Networks and Program...

Gender-Specific Barriers to Self-Sufficiency among Former Supplemental Security Income Drug Addiction and Alcoholism Beneficiaries: Implications for Welfare-To-Work Programs and Services

PubMed Central

Hogan, Sean R; Unick, George J.; Speiglman, Richard; Norris, Jean C.

2011-01-01

This study examines barriers to economic self-sufficiency among a panel of 219 former Supplemental Security Income (SSI) drug addiction and alcoholism (DA&A) recipients following elimination of DA&A as an eligibility category for SSI disability benefits. Study participants were comprehensively surveyed at six measurement points following the policy change. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine full-sample and gender-specific barriers to economic self-sufficiency. Results indicate that access to transportation, age, and time are the strongest predictors of achieving self-sufficiency for both men and women leaving the welfare system. Gender-specific barriers are also identified. Future research needs to assess the generalizability of these results to other public assistance recipients. PMID:21625301

An Experimental and Theoretical Study of Radiative Extinction of Diffusion Flames

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Atreya, Arvind; Wichman, Indrek; Guenther, Mark; Ray, Anjan; Agrawal, Sanjay

1993-01-01

In a recent paper on 'Observations of candle flames under various atmospheres in microgravity' by Ross et al., it was found that for the same atmosphere, the burning rate per unit wick surface area and the flame temperature were considerably reduced in microgravity as compared with normal gravity. Also, the flame (spherical in microgravity) was much thicker and further removed from the wick. It thus appears that the flame becomes 'weaker' in microgravity due to the absence of buoyancy generated flow which serves to transport the oxidizer to the combustion zone and remove the hot combustion products from it. The buoyant flow, which may be characterized by the strain rate, assists the diffusion process to execute these essential functions for the survival of the flame. Thus, the diffusion flame is 'weak' at very low strain rates and as the strain rate increases the flame is initially 'strengthened' and eventually it may be 'blown out'. The computed flammability boundaries of T'ien show that such a reversal in material flammability occurs at strain rates around 5 sec. At very low or zero strain rates, flame radiation is expected to considerably affect this 'weak' diffusion flame because: (1) the concentration of combustion products which participate in gas radiation is high in the flame zone; and (2) low strain rates provide sufficient residence time for substantial amounts of soot to form which is usually responsible for a major portion of the radiative heat loss. We anticipate that flame radiation will eventually extinguish this flame. Thus, the objective of this project is to perform an experimental and theoretical investigation of radiation-induced extinction of diffusion flames under microgravity conditions. This is important for spacecraft fire safety.

Research on Wheel Steel Welding Cracks Caused by Quenching Stress

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guan-nan, Li

Wheel steel products of Han Steel occurred welding cracking when using in a wheel factory, by analyzing the crack in the wheel steel weld cracking with microstructure analysis and spectrum analysis, test results showed the grain in heat affect zone serious grow, and the user at the end of the flash-butt quenched from a high temperature to room temperature at welding seam, larger cooling rate to generate sufficiently large quenching stress, increased the risk of cracking along the grain boundary. When the stress reaches a certain level, there will be a greater area of the grain cracks at the location of welding seam, eventually leading to weld cracking. We develop measures for improvement to solving this problem, we suggest that the cooling mode at welding seam should be slow cooling or air cooling after the rim welding process, welding current range is 7800 9500 amps, upsetting time is 0.2 seconds, these measures can improve the welding quality of wheel steel products and reduce the risk of welding cracks.

Beginning inflation in an inhomogeneous universe

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

East, William E.; Kleban, Matthew; Linde, Andrei

Using numerical solutions of the full Einstein field equations coupled to a scalar inflaton field in 3+1 dimensions, we study the conditions under which a universe that is initially expanding, highly inhomogeneous and dominated by gradient energy can transition to an inflationary period. If the initial scalar field variations are contained within a sufficiently flat region of the inflaton potential, and the universe is spatially flat or open on average, inflation will occur following the dilution of the gradient and kinetic energy due to expansion. This is the case even when the scale of the inhomogeneities is comparable to themore » initial Hubble length, and overdense regions collapse and form black holes, because underdense regions continue expanding, allowing inflation to eventually begin. In conclusion, this establishes that inflation can arise from highly inhomogeneous initial conditions and solve the horizon and flatness problems, at least as long as the variations in the scalar field do not include values that exceed the inflationary plateau.« less

Beginning inflation in an inhomogeneous universe

DOE PAGES

East, William E.; Kleban, Matthew; Linde, Andrei; ...

2016-09-06

Using numerical solutions of the full Einstein field equations coupled to a scalar inflaton field in 3+1 dimensions, we study the conditions under which a universe that is initially expanding, highly inhomogeneous and dominated by gradient energy can transition to an inflationary period. If the initial scalar field variations are contained within a sufficiently flat region of the inflaton potential, and the universe is spatially flat or open on average, inflation will occur following the dilution of the gradient and kinetic energy due to expansion. This is the case even when the scale of the inhomogeneities is comparable to themore » initial Hubble length, and overdense regions collapse and form black holes, because underdense regions continue expanding, allowing inflation to eventually begin. In conclusion, this establishes that inflation can arise from highly inhomogeneous initial conditions and solve the horizon and flatness problems, at least as long as the variations in the scalar field do not include values that exceed the inflationary plateau.« less

Beginning inflation in an inhomogeneous universe

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

East, William E.; Kleban, Matthew; Linde, Andrei

Using numerical solutions of the full Einstein field equations coupled to a scalar inflaton field in 3+1 dimensions, we study the conditions under which a universe that is initially expanding, highly inhomogeneous and dominated by gradient energy can transition to an inflationary period. If the initial scalar field variations are contained within a sufficiently flat region of the inflaton potential, and the universe is spatially flat or open on average, inflation will occur following the dilution of the gradient and kinetic energy due to expansion. This is the case even when the scale of the inhomogeneities is comparable to themore » initial Hubble length, and overdense regions collapse and form black holes, because underdense regions continue expanding, allowing inflation to eventually begin. This establishes that inflation can arise from highly inhomogeneous initial conditions and solve the horizon and flatness problems, at least as long as the variations in the scalar field do not include values that exceed the inflationary plateau.« less

Suppurative bite wound by repetitive aggression of dominance hierarchy during group housing in rhesus monkeys.

PubMed

Choi, Yunjung; Ahn, Kyung-Ha; Lee, Jae-Il

2014-12-01

Group formation of rhesus monkeys, often leads to victims of repeated attacks by the high ranking animal. We reported a case of an injured middle ranking monkey from repetitive and persistent aggression. 4-male rhesus group was formed by a rapid group formation strategy 2 years ago. One monkey in the group suddenly showed depressive and reluctant movement. Physical examination revealed multiple bite wounds and scars in the dorsal skin. Overall increased opacity of the dorsal soft tissue and some free air was observed on radiographic examination. An unidentified anaerobic gram negative bacillus was isolated from the bacterial culture. Reconstructive surgery was performed and in consequence, the wound was clearly reconstructed one week later. Eventually, the afflicted monkey was separated and housed apart from the hierarchical group. This case report indicate that group formation in rhesus monkeys is essentially required sufficient time and stages, as well as more attention and a progressive contact program to reduce animal stress and fatal accidents.

Remote-Controlled Release of Singlet Oxygen by the Plasmonic Heating of Endoperoxide-Modified Gold Nanorods: Towards a Paradigm Change in Photodynamic Therapy.

PubMed

Kolemen, Safacan; Ozdemir, Tugba; Lee, Dayoung; Kim, Gyoung Mi; Karatas, Tugce; Yoon, Juyoung; Akkaya, Engin U

2016-03-07

The photodynamic therapy of cancer is contingent upon the sustained generation of singlet oxygen in the tumor region. However, tumors of the most metastatic cancer types develop a region of severe hypoxia, which puts them beyond the reach of most therapeutic protocols. More troublesome, photodynamic action generates acute hypoxia as the process itself diminishes cellular oxygen reserves, which makes it a self-limiting method. Herein, we describe a new concept that could eventually lead to a change in the 100 year old paradigm of photodynamic therapy and potentially offer solutions to some of the lingering problems. When gold nanorods with tethered endoperoxides are irradiated at 808 nm, the endoperoxides undergo thermal cycloreversion, resulting in the generation of singlet oxygen. We demonstrate that the amount of singlet oxygen produced in this way is sufficient for triggering apoptosis in cell cultures. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

MRI-guided fiber-based fluorescence molecular tomography for preclinical atherosclerosis imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Baoqiang; Pouliot, Philippe; Lesage, Frederic

2014-09-01

Multi-modal imaging combining fluorescent molecular tomography (FMT) with MRI could provide information in these two modalities as well as optimize the recovery of functional information with MR-guidance. Here, we present a MRI-guided FMT system. An optical probe was designed consisting of a fiber plate on the top and bottom sides of the animal bed, respectively. In experiment, animal was installed between the two plates. Mounting fibers on each plate, transmission measuring could be conducted from both sides of the animal. Moreover, an accurate fluorescence reconstruction was achieved with MRI-derived anatomical guidance. The sensitivity of the FMT system was evaluated with a phantom showing that with long fibers, it was sufficient to detect 10nM Cy5.5 solution with ~28.5 dB in the phantom. The system was eventually used to image MMP activity involved in atherosclerosis with two ATX mice and two control mice. The reconstruction results were in agreement with ex vivo measurement.

Analytic study of the Tadoma method: language abilities of three deaf-blind subjects.

PubMed

Chomsky, C

1986-09-01

This study reports on the linguistic abilities of 3 adult deaf-blind subjects. The subjects perceive spoken language through touch, placing a hand on the face of the speaker and monitoring the speaker's articulatory motions, a method of speechreading known as Tadoma. Two of the subjects, deaf-blind since infancy, acquired language and learned to speak through this tactile system; the third subject has used Tadoma since becoming deaf-blind at age 7. Linguistic knowledge and productive language are analyzed, using standardized tests and several tests constructed for this study. The subjects' language abilities prove to be extensive, comparing favorably in many areas with hearing individuals. The results illustrate a relatively minor effect of limited language exposure on eventual language achievement. The results also demonstrate the adequacy of the tactile sense, in these highly trained Tadoma users, for transmitting information about spoken language sufficient to support the development of language and learning to produce speech.

Space Sciences Laboratory publications and presentations, 1 January - 31 December, 1993

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moorehead, T. W.

1994-01-01

This document lists the significant publications and presentations of the Space Sciences Laboratory during the period January 1 to December 31, 1993. Entries in the main part of the document are categorized according to NASA Reports (arranged by report number), Open Literature, and Presentations (arranged alphabetically by title). Also included for completeness is an Appendix (arranged by report number) listing preprints issued by the Laboratory during this reporting period. Some of the preprints have not been published; those already published are so indicated. Most of the articles listed under Open Literature have appeared in refereed professional journals, books, monographs, or conference proceedings. Although many published abstracts are eventually expanded into full papers for publications in scientific and technical journals, they are often sufficiently comprehensive to include the significant results of the research reported. Therefore, published abstracts are listed separately in a subsection under Open Literature. The organizational code of the cognizant SSL branch or office is given at the end of each entry.

Space Sciences Laboratory Publications and Presentations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moorehead, T. W. (Compiler)

1995-01-01

This document lists the significant publications and presentations of the Space Sciences Laboratory during the period Jan. 1 - Dec. 31, 1994. Entries in the main part of the document are categorized according to NASA Reports (arranged by report number), Open Literature, and Presentations (arranged alphabetically by title). Also included for completeness is an appendix (arranged by report number) listing preprints issued by the laboratory during this reporting period. Some of the preprints have not been published; those already published are so indicated. Most of the articles listed under Open Literature have appeared in referenced professional journals, books, monographs, or conference proceedings. Although many published abstracts are eventually expanded into full papers for publications in scientific and technical journals, they are often sufficiently comprehensive to include the significant results of the research reported. Therefore, published abstracts are listed separately in a subsection under Open Literature. The organizational code of the cognizant SSL branch or office is given at the end of each entry.

Two Instruments for Measuring Distributions of Low-Energy Charged Particles in Space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bader, Michel; Fryer, Thomas B.; Witteborn, Fred C.

1961-01-01

Current estimates indicate that the bulk of interplanetary gas consists of protons with energies between 0 and 20 kev and concentrations of 1 to 105 particles/cu cm. Methods and instrumentation for measuring the energy and density distribution of such a gas are considered from the standpoint of suitability for space vehicle payloads. It is concluded that electrostatic analysis of the energy distribution can provide sufficient information in initial experiments. Both magnetic and electrostatic analyzers should eventually be used. Several instruments designed and constructed at the Ames Research Center for space plasma measurements, and the methods of calibration and data reduction are described. In particular, the instrument designed for operation on solar cell power has the following characteristics: weight, 1.1 pounds; size, 2 by 3 by 4 inches; and power consumption, 145 mw. The instrument is designed to yield information on the concentration, energy distribution, and the anisotropy of ion trajectories in the 0.2 to 20 kev range.

3D Power Line Extraction from Multiple Aerial Images.

PubMed

Oh, Jaehong; Lee, Changno

2017-09-29

Power lines are cables that carry electrical power from a power plant to an electrical substation. They must be connected between the tower structures in such a way that ensures minimum tension and sufficient clearance from the ground. Power lines can stretch and sag with the changing weather, eventually exceeding the planned tolerances. The excessive sags can then cause serious accidents, while hindering the durability of the power lines. We used photogrammetric techniques with a low-cost drone to achieve efficient 3D mapping of power lines that are often difficult to approach. Unlike the conventional image-to-object space approach, we used the object-to-image space approach using cubic grid points. We processed four strips of aerial images to automatically extract the power line points in the object space. Experimental results showed that the approach could successfully extract the positions of the power line points for power line generation and sag measurement with the elevation accuracy of a few centimeters.

3D Power Line Extraction from Multiple Aerial Images

PubMed Central

Lee, Changno

2017-01-01

Power lines are cables that carry electrical power from a power plant to an electrical substation. They must be connected between the tower structures in such a way that ensures minimum tension and sufficient clearance from the ground. Power lines can stretch and sag with the changing weather, eventually exceeding the planned tolerances. The excessive sags can then cause serious accidents, while hindering the durability of the power lines. We used photogrammetric techniques with a low-cost drone to achieve efficient 3D mapping of power lines that are often difficult to approach. Unlike the conventional image-to-object space approach, we used the object-to-image space approach using cubic grid points. We processed four strips of aerial images to automatically extract the power line points in the object space. Experimental results showed that the approach could successfully extract the positions of the power line points for power line generation and sag measurement with the elevation accuracy of a few centimeters. PMID:28961204

Dynamics in atomic signaling games.

PubMed

Fox, Michael J; Touri, Behrouz; Shamma, Jeff S

2015-07-07

We study an atomic signaling game under stochastic evolutionary dynamics. There are a finite number of players who repeatedly update from a finite number of available languages/signaling strategies. Players imitate the most fit agents with high probability or mutate with low probability. We analyze the long-run distribution of states and show that, for sufficiently small mutation probability, its support is limited to efficient communication systems. We find that this behavior is insensitive to the particular choice of evolutionary dynamic, a property that is due to the game having a potential structure with a potential function corresponding to average fitness. Consequently, the model supports conclusions similar to those found in the literature on language competition. That is, we show that efficient languages eventually predominate the society while reproducing the empirical phenomenon of linguistic drift. The emergence of efficiency in the atomic case can be contrasted with results for non-atomic signaling games that establish the non-negligible possibility of convergence, under replicator dynamics, to states of unbounded efficiency loss. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reader error, object recognition, and visual search

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kundel, Harold L.

2004-05-01

Small abnormalities such as hairline fractures, lung nodules and breast tumors are missed by competent radiologists with sufficient frequency to make them a matter of concern to the medical community; not only because they lead to litigation but also because they delay patient care. It is very easy to attribute misses to incompetence or inattention. To do so may be placing an unjustified stigma on the radiologists involved and may allow other radiologists to continue a false optimism that it can never happen to them. This review presents some of the fundamentals of visual system function that are relevant to understanding the search for and the recognition of small targets embedded in complicated but meaningful backgrounds like chests and mammograms. It presents a model for visual search that postulates a pre-attentive global analysis of the retinal image followed by foveal checking fixations and eventually discovery scanning. The model will be used to differentiate errors of search, recognition and decision making. The implications for computer aided diagnosis and for functional workstation design are discussed.

Protein kinase D1 drives pancreatic acinar cell reprogramming and progression to intraepithelial neoplasia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liou, Geou-Yarh; Döppler, Heike; Braun, Ursula B.; Panayiotou, Richard; Scotti Buzhardt, Michele; Radisky, Derek C.; Crawford, Howard C.; Fields, Alan P.; Murray, Nicole R.; Wang, Q. Jane; Leitges, Michael; Storz, Peter

2015-02-01

The transdifferentiation of pancreatic acinar cells to a ductal phenotype (acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, ADM) occurs after injury or inflammation of the pancreas and is a reversible process. However, in the presence of activating Kras mutations or persistent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) signalling, cells that underwent ADM can progress to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and eventually pancreatic cancer. In transgenic animal models, ADM and PanINs are initiated by high-affinity ligands for EGF-R or activating Kras mutations, but the underlying signalling mechanisms are not well understood. Here, using a conditional knockout approach, we show that protein kinase D1 (PKD1) is sufficient to drive the reprogramming process to a ductal phenotype and progression to PanINs. Moreover, using 3D explant culture of primary pancreatic acinar cells, we show that PKD1 acts downstream of TGFα and Kras, to mediate formation of ductal structures through activation of the Notch pathway.

Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): blue spheroids within 87 Mpc

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahajan, Smriti; Drinkwater, Michael J.; Driver, S.; Hopkins, A. M.; Graham, Alister W.; Brough, S.; Brown, Michael J. I.; Holwerda, B. W.; Owers, Matt S.; Pimbblet, Kevin A.

2018-03-01

In this paper, we test if nearby blue spheroid (BSph) galaxies may become the progenitors of star-forming spiral galaxies or passively evolving elliptical galaxies. Our sample comprises 428 galaxies of various morphologies in the redshift range 0.002 < z < 0.02 (8-87 Mpc) with panchromatic data from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey. We find that BSph galaxies are structurally (mean effective surface brightness, effective radius) very similar to their passively evolving red counterparts. However, their star formation and other properties such as colour, age, and metallicity are more like star-forming spirals than spheroids (ellipticals and lenticulars). We show that BSph galaxies are statistically distinguishable from other spheroids as well as spirals in the multidimensional space mapped by luminosity-weighted age, metallicity, dust mass, and specific star formation rate. We use H I data to reveal that some of the BSphs are (further) developing their discs, hence their blue colours. They may eventually become spiral galaxies - if sufficient gas accretion occurs - or more likely fade into low-mass red galaxies.

Role of ozone and granular activated carbon in the removal of mutagenic compounds.

PubMed Central

Bourbigot, M M; Hascoet, M C; Levi, Y; Erb, F; Pommery, N

1986-01-01

The identification of certain organic compounds in drinking water has led water treatment specialists to be increasingly concerned about the eventual risks of such pollutants to the health of consumers. Our experiments focused on the role of ozone and granular activated carbon in removing mutagenic compounds and precursors that become toxic after chlorination. We found that if a sufficient dose of ozone is applied, its use does not lead to the creation of mutagenic compounds in drinking water and can even eliminate the initial mutagenicity of the water. The formation of new mutagenic compounds seems to be induced by ozonation that is too weak, although these mutagens can be removed by GAC filtration. Ozone used with activated carbon can be one of the best means for eliminating the compounds contributing to the mutagenicity of water. A combined treatment of ozone and activated carbon also decreases the chlorine consumption of the treated water and consequently reduces the formation of chlorinated organic compounds. PMID:3816720

Space Science Laboratory Publications and Presentations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moorehead, T. W. (Compiler)

1993-01-01

This document lists the significant publications and presentations of the Space Science Laboratory during the period January 1 - December 31, 1992. Entries in the main part of the document are categorized according to NASA Reports (arranged by report number), Open Literature, and Presentations (arranged alphabetically by title). Also included for completeness is an Appendix (arranged by report number) listing preprints issued by the Laboratory during this reporting period. Some of the preprints have not been published; those already published are so indicated. Most of the articles listed under Open Literature have appeared in refereed professional journals, books, monographs, or conference proceedings. Although many published abstracts are eventually expanded into full papers for publications in scientific and technical journals, they are often sufficiently comprehensive to include the significant results of the research reported. Therefore, published abstracts are listed separately in a subsection under Open Literature. The organizational code of the cognizant SSL branch or office is given at the end of each entry.

Toward large space systems. [Space Construction Base development from shuttles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daros, C. J.; Freitag, R. F.; Kline, R. L.

1977-01-01

The design of the Space Transportation System, consisting of the Space Shuttle, Spacelab, and upper stages, provides experience for the development of more advanced space systems. The next stage will involve space stations in low earth orbit with limited self-sufficiency, characterized by closed ecological environments, space-generated power, and perhaps the first use of space materials. The third phase would include manned geosynchronous space-station activity and a return to lunar operations. Easier access to space will encourage the use of more complex, maintenance-requiring satellites than those currently used. More advanced space systems could perform a wide range of public services such as electronic mail, personal and police communication, disaster control, earthquake detection/prediction, water availability indication, vehicle speed control, and burglar alarm/intrusion detection. Certain products, including integrated-circuit chips and some enzymes, can be processed to a higher degree of purity in space and might eventually be manufactured there. Hardware including dishes, booms, and planar surfaces necessary for advanced space systems and their development are discussed.

Chryse Basin channels: low-gradients and ponded flows.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lucchitta, B.K.; Ferguson, H.M.

1983-01-01

Gradients on the floors of the Martian outflow channels that are derived from radar-elevation profiles across Lunae Planum and Chryse Basin have much lower values than those obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey's topographic map. Whereas the gradients of Maja and Ares Valles are similar to those of the catastrophic flood channels in the Scablands of Washington State, the gradients of Simud and Tiu Valles are essentially level, and the movement of fluids to the N poses problems. It is proposed that ponding may have formed lakes in depressions associated with the Valles Marineris grabens, ancient craters in the chaotic terrain area, and possibly even the regional low where most chaotic terrains occur. It is envisaged that lakes eventually overflowed, forming the present channels. When dams broke, floods were released catastrophically, with a final gigantic flood from the Valles Marineris system of troughs, which would have had sufficient head to move fluids across nearly level gradients through the Simud and Tiu channels. -P.Br.

Research on red tide occurrences using enclosed experimental ecosystems in west Xiamen Harbor, China—Relationship between various factors and red tide occurrences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Yu; Harrison, P. J.

2000-06-01

A series of enclosed ecosystem experiments were conducted in a land-based tank near the seaside of West Xiamen Harbor. The results of experiments conducted in different seasons and years showed a repeatable phytoplankton succession. In this relatively stable ecosystem with added nutrients and trace metals, diatoms dominated initially, dinoflagellates dominated in the later stage, and dinoflagellate red tides eventually occurred. Vitamin B12 enrichment may speed up this succession process. Stirring the water column could stop this process. Soluble Mn at a level of 3 4 μg/L in seawater, which also is the existing concentration of soluble Mn in Xiamen Harbor seawater, is sufficient for the multiplication of algae and occurrence of red tide. The present study showed that excessive soluble Mn in Xiamen Harbor cannot cause red tide, and that Fe was one of the important factors causing diatiom red tide in this present study.

What has psychotherapy inherited from Carl Rogers?

PubMed

Goldfried, Marvin R

2007-09-01

Rogers' classic article (see record 2007-14639-002) on the necessary and sufficient conditions for therapeutic change--now 50 years old--has made an indelible impact on the field. In his brief article, Rogers broke with the past, making a compelling case for the importance of subjecting our hypotheses about how therapy works to empirical test. Moreover, his emphasis on the importance of the therapy relationship is now routinely accepted as necessary, even if not sufficient for change to occur. Having moved beyond Rogers' necessary and sufficient conditions, the field of therapy now recognizes that as important as the therapy relationship might be, there are certain clinical problems that require the use of specific techniques to bring about change. Still, it is currently recognized that therapist acceptance is essential, that nondirective methods can be effective in improving client motivation, and perhaps most important, that the therapist needs to work toward the development of evidence-based interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

Translations on Eastern Europe, Political, Sociological, and Military Affairs, Number 1487

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-12-20

Western üurope and the Balkans became the prey of the Hitlerites; their armies also invaded North Africa, and...particular, Moesia and Dacia— eventually part of eastern Dalmatia and western Thrace — are closer or are partially superimposed on the present area (or...synopsis of the main parts of those reports. Let Us Raise the Party’s Political Work With the Masses to the Level of the Level of the Tasks Set by

The Microcomputer: Technological Innovation and Transfer

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-12-16

interest: • How does a naw technology eventually become embodied in user applications? • How fast is this transition effected ? • Dues the innovation...a " bandwagon " response. When a major new component begins to enjoy substantial market penetration, or when it becomes apparent that a component...existing sockets and work exactly as if Brand 1 was still there," only better. ■ •’■■■ ^ ’ — - wmmt*aim^*~^f*m**~immi**^immmmil 1

APOL1 Oligomerization as the Key Mediator of Kidney Disease in African Americans

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-01

AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-14-1-0334 TITLE: APOL1 Oligomerization as the Key Mediator of Kidney Disease in African Americans PRINCIPAL...29 Sep 2015 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE APOL1 Oligomerization as the Key Mediator of Kidney Disease in African Americans 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT...work we are conducting is aimed at understanding, and eventually preventing and treating, kidney disease, in particular the APOL1- associated form of

East Europe Report, Political, Sociological and Military Affairs

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-09-28

works it promoted (and when I write this I am thinking of the great Eminescu creations set to mu- sic, the pretty composition to the verses of Bacovia...about 141,345 per year; the vocational schools (including apprenticeship at the workplace), together with the technical schools , those for postsecondary...has been shown in order to counter any eventual criticism better. "At the same time I think it is necessary to state that the presentation of the

The Ins and Outs of Keeping US Service Jobs at Work

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-14

out of the US and into Mexico, Honduras, and eventually Asia. Gregory Mankiw , former Economic Advisor to the President, in 2004 said, “More things are...Background 12 1.2 History of Economic Evolution 16 1.3 Dealing with Change 21 1.4 Preparing the Framework 22 Chapter 2...16 1-4 Economic Development 17 1-5 Service Sector Growth in Dollars 18 1-6 Service Sector Growth in Percent of GDP 19 1-7

Design and Hardware-in-the-Loop Implementation of Optimal Canonical Maneuvers for an Autonomous Planetary Aerial Vehicle

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-12-01

selflessly working your own school and writing schedule around mine , supporting me throughout career paths that have been anything but traditional...observation, and other scientific research and exploration purposes. 4 A ground rover on a planet, moon, or other body such as an asteroid must...applied to autonomous craft that could eventually operate on the surface of planets, moons, and asteroids , as well as in Earth orbit or deep space

Lunar exploration rover program developments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klarer, P. R.

1994-01-01

The Robotic All Terrain Lunar Exploration Rover (RATLER) design concept began at Sandia National Laboratories in late 1991 with a series of small, proof-of-principle, working scale models. The models proved the viability of the concept for high mobility through mechanical simplicity, and eventually received internal funding at Sandia National Laboratories for full scale, proof-of-concept prototype development. Whereas the proof-of-principle models demonstrated the mechanical design's capabilities for mobility, the full scale proof-of-concept design currently under development is intended to support field operations for experiments in telerobotics, autonomous robotic operations, telerobotic field geology, and advanced man-machine interface concepts. The development program's current status is described, including an outline of the program's work over the past year, recent accomplishments, and plans for follow-on development work.

Editorial.

PubMed

Singh, I P; Shiva, M

1994-06-01

Even though India was the first country to address population, it is behind those who came later. The government of India framed population within the context of health, but it eventually shifted the approach to health and family planning. Compartmentalism and adhoc-ism removed the programs far from the people. Eventually family welfare replaced family planning. The 8 Five Year Plan document provides a framework for appropriate, positive change in addressing the population issue. Yet, contraceptive intervention, particularly tubectomy, remains the core of population issues. In fact, tubectomy increased from about 11% of total sterilizations in the late 1960s to 96% in 1994. Women remain the target of population control. In fact, female-targeted contraceptive technology has produced IUDs, oral contraceptives, tubectomy, subdermal contraceptive implants, and the injectable contraceptive. Improvement of women's health services, their status, and their economic independence has not been attempted. Before improvement can occur, female literacy; skill development; meeting of basic needs of food, water, and health care for children to survive; and safe living and working conditions are needed. Male responsibility has risen somewhat over time. India needs to work towards a shift from contraception-oriented population control to reducing births by choice (RBBC), making RBBC a grassroots movement, a holistic approach, coordination between various government agencies, addressing demographic fundamentalism (e.g., son preference and child marriage), provision of primary health care, and equitable distribution of local and global resources. Population policy must be human.

20 CFR 411.600 - Is there a process for resolving disputes between beneficiaries and ENs that are not State VR...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411.600 Is there a process for...

20 CFR 411.600 - Is there a process for resolving disputes between beneficiaries and ENs that are not State VR...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411.600 Is there a process for...

20 CFR 411.605 - What are the responsibilities of the EN that is not a State VR agency regarding the dispute...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411.605 What are the...

20 CFR 411.600 - Is there a process for resolving disputes between beneficiaries and ENs that are not State VR...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411.600 Is there a process for...

20 CFR 411.605 - What are the responsibilities of the EN that is not a State VR agency regarding the dispute...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411.605 What are the...

20 CFR 411.605 - What are the responsibilities of the EN that is not a State VR agency regarding the dispute...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411.605 What are the...

Effect of occupational health nursing practice on musculoskeletal pains among hospital nursing staff in South Korea.

PubMed

Kim, Yeon-Ha; Jung, Moon-Hee

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to identify whether occupational health nursing variables serve as the contributing factors to musculoskeletal pains (MSP). A self-administered questionnaire composed of demographic characteristics, the practice of occupational health nursing and information regarding MSP was designed based on in-depth interviews with eight nurses. This study included 226 hospital nursing staff who worked at three university hospitals located in Seoul, South Korea. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS and AMOS 19.0. Shoulder and neck pains occurred when subjects worked more than 46 h/week. Subjects who performed 'work-time adjustment' had lesser chance of having shoulder, leg/foot and wrist/finger pains. Overtime work hours showed an indirect effect on multiple sites of MSP by mediator variable, which was 'work-time adjustment'. Organized night duty days eventually decreased multiple sites of MSP. Administration strategies for nurses to adjust work-time within 46 h/week should be considered.

Weekly working hours for Norwegian hospital doctors since 1994 with special attention to postgraduate training, work–home balance and the European Working Time Directive: a panel study

PubMed Central

Rosta, Judith; Aasland, Olaf G

2014-01-01

Objectives To examine the weekly working hours of Norwegian hospital doctors from 1994 to 2012 with special emphasis on the quality of postgraduate training and work–home balance, and in relation to the requirements of the European Working Time Directive (EWTD). Design Panel study based on postal questionnaires. Setting Norway. Participants Unbalanced cohort of 1300–1600 doctors in 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012. Outcome measures Self-reported total weekly working hours and whether 45 weekly working hours are too short, sufficient, or too long to meet the quality requirements of obligatory postgraduate training for junior doctors. Results From 1994 to 2012, the number of weekly working hours was stable for senior (46–47 h) and junior (45–46 h) hospital doctors. In 2012, significantly more senior (27–35%) than junior (11–20%) doctors reported suboptimal work–home balance, defined as working more than 48 h a week. The majority perceived the present situation with an average of 45 h per week for juniors as sufficient for obligatory postgraduate specialist training, but doctors of higher age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08), senior doctors (1.07, 1.04 to 1.11) and doctors working in surgical specialties (OR 1 vs laboratory medicine 0.03, 0.01 to 0.25, internal medicine 0.31, 0.17 to 0.58, psychiatry 0.12, 0.04 to 0.36, paediatrics 0.36, 0.12 to 1.07, anaesthesiology 0.08, 0.02 to 0.39, gynaecology 0.07, 0.01 to 0.56 and others 0.39, 0.04 to 3.56) were more likely to want the work-week to be longer. Conclusions The weekly working hours of Norwegian hospital doctors were always below the EWTD requirements. A significant growth of hospital doctor density over the past two decades, national regulations and cultural values might be important factors. Specialty differences in perception of sufficient training time may call for more flexibility in working time regulations. PMID:25311038

Review and interpretation of previous work and new data on the hydrogeology of the Schwartzwalder Uranium Mine and vicinity, Jefferson County, Colorado

USGS Publications Warehouse

Caine, Jonathan S.; Johnson, Raymond H.; Wild, Emily C.

2011-01-01

The Schwartzwalder deposit is the largest known vein type uranium deposit in the United States. Located about eight miles northwest of Golden, Colorado it occurs in Proterozoic metamorphic rocks and was formed by hydrothermal fluid flow, mineralization, and deformation during the Laramide Orogeny. A complex brittle fault zone hosts the deposit comprising locally brecciated carbonate, oxide, and sulfide minerals. Mining of pitchblende, the primary ore mineral, began in 1953 and an extensive network of underground workings was developed. Mine dewatering, treatment of the effluent and its discharge into the adjacent Ralston Creek was done under State permit from about 1990 through about 2008. Mining and dewatering ceased in 2000 and natural groundwater rebound has filled the mine workings to a current elevation that is above Ralston Creek but that is still below the lowest ground level adit. Water in the 'mine pool' has concentrations of dissolved uranium in excess of 1,000 times the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standard of 30 milligrams per liter. Other dissolved constituents such as molybdenum, radium, and sulfate are also present in anomalously high concentrations. Ralston Creek flows in a narrow valley containing Quaternary alluvium predominantly derived from weathering of crystalline bedrock including local mineralized rock. Just upstream of the mine site, two capped and unsaturated waste rock piles with high radioactivity sit on an alluvial terrace. As Ralston Creek flows past the mine site, a host of dissolved metal concentrations increase. Ralston Creek eventually discharges into Ralston Reservoir about 2.5 miles downstream. Because of highly elevated uranium concentrations, the State of Colorado issued an enforcement action against the mine permit holder requiring renewed collection and treatment of alluvial groundwater. As part of planned mine reclamation, abundant data were collected and compiled into a report by Wyman and Effner (2007), which was to be used as a basis for eventual mine site closure. In 2010 the U.S. Geological Survey was asked by the State of Colorado to provide an objective and independent review of the Wyman and Effner (2007) report and to identify gaps in knowledge regarding the hydrogeology of the mine site. Key findings from the U.S. Geological Survey assessment include geological structural analysis indicating that although the primary uranium-hosting fault likely does not cross under Ralston Creek, many complex subsidiary faults do cross under Ralston Creek. It is unknown if any of these faults act as conduits for mine pool water to enter Ralston Creek. Reported bedrock permeabilities are low, but local hydraulic gradients are sufficient to potentially drive groundwater flow from the mine pool to the creek. Estimated average linear velocities for the full range of reported hydraulic conductivities indicate groundwater transit times from the mine pool to the creek on the order of a few months to about 3,800 years or 11 to 65 years using mean reported input values. These estimates do not account for geochemical reactions along any given flow path that may differentially enhance or retard movement of individual dissolved constituents. New reconnaissance data including 34S isotope and 234U/238U isotopic activity ratios show potentially distinctive signatures for the mine pool compared to local groundwater and Ralston Creek water above the mine site. Although the mine pool may be near an equilibrium elevation, evidence for groundwater recharge transients indicates inflow to the workings that are greater than outflow. There is not enough hydraulic head data adjacent to the mine workings to adequately constrain a final equilibrium elevation or to predict how several wet years in succession might affect variations in mine pool elevation. Although ground level adits are sealed with bulkheads, if the mine pool elevation were to rise slightly to the elevation of or abo

Algebra Word Problem Solving Approaches in a Chemistry Context: Equation Worked Examples versus Text Editing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ngu, Bing Hiong; Yeung, Alexander Seeshing

2013-01-01

Text editing directs students' attention to the problem structure as they classify whether the texts of word problems contain sufficient, missing or irrelevant information for working out a solution. Equation worked examples emphasize the formation of a coherent problem structure to generate a solution. Its focus is on the construction of three…

45 CFR 270.4 - On what measures will we base the bonus awards?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... PERFORMANCE BONUS AWARDS § 270.4 On what measures will we base the bonus awards? (a) Performance measures: general. In FY 2002 and beyond, we will base the high performance bonus awards on: four work measures; five measures that support work and self-sufficiency related to participation by low-income working...

76 FR 11844 - Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee; Transport Airplane and Engine Issue Area-Phase 2 of Low...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-03

... new designs, the working group should state the rationale and not repeat the information previously... design changes, or would an operational rule be sufficient? In responding, the working group should... the public that the ARAC working group has completed activity for Phase 1 of the task and will begin...

20 CFR 411.715 - If an alternate participant becomes an EN, will beneficiaries for whom an employment plan was...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., will beneficiaries for whom an employment plan was signed prior to implementation be covered under the Ticket to Work program payment provisions? 411.715 Section 411.715 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM The Ticket to Work Program and Alternate...

20 CFR 411.730 - What happens if an alternate participant signed an employment plan with a beneficiary before...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... signed an employment plan with a beneficiary before Ticket to Work program implementation in the State... Section 411.730 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM The Ticket to Work Program and Alternate Participants Under the Programs For Payments For...

Working Memory Training in Young Children with ADHD: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dongen-Boomsma, Martine; Vollebregt, Madelon A.; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Slaats-Willemse, Dorine

2014-01-01

Background: Until now, working memory training has not reached sufficient evidence as effective treatment for ADHD core symptoms in children with ADHD; for young children with ADHD, no studies are available. To this end, a triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was designed to assess the efficacy of Cogmed Working Memory Training…

An analytic solution of the stochastic storage problem applicable to soil water

USGS Publications Warehouse

Milly, P.C.D.

1993-01-01

The accumulation of soil water during rainfall events and the subsequent depletion of soil water by evaporation between storms can be described, to first order, by simple accounting models. When the alternating supplies (precipitation) and demands (potential evaporation) are viewed as random variables, it follows that soil-water storage, evaporation, and runoff are also random variables. If the forcing (supply and demand) processes are stationary for a sufficiently long period of time, an asymptotic regime should eventually be reached where the probability distribution functions of storage, evaporation, and runoff are stationary and uniquely determined by the distribution functions of the forcing. Under the assumptions that the potential evaporation rate is constant, storm arrivals are Poisson-distributed, rainfall is instantaneous, and storm depth follows an exponential distribution, it is possible to derive the asymptotic distributions of storage, evaporation, and runoff analytically for a simple balance model. A particular result is that the fraction of rainfall converted to runoff is given by (1 - R−1)/(eα(1−R−1) − R−1), in which R is the ratio of mean potential evaporation to mean rainfall and a is the ratio of soil water-holding capacity to mean storm depth. The problem considered here is analogous to the well-known problem of storage in a reservoir behind a dam, for which the present work offers a new solution for reservoirs of finite capacity. A simple application of the results of this analysis suggests that random, intraseasonal fluctuations of precipitation cannot by themselves explain the observed dependence of the annual water balance on annual totals of precipitation and potential evaporation.

Cross-linking of cell surface amyloid precursor protein leads to increased β-amyloid peptide production in hippocampal neurons: implications for Alzheimer's disease.

PubMed

Lefort, Roger; Pozueta, Julio; Shelanski, Michael

2012-08-01

The accumulation of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is thought to play a causative role in triggering synaptic dysfunction in neurons, leading to their eventual demise through apoptosis. Aβ is produced and secreted upon sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretases and γ-secretases. However, while Aβ levels have been shown to be increased in the brains of AD patients, little is known about how the cleavage of APP and the subsequent generation of Aβ is influenced, or whether the cleavage process changes over time. It has been proposed that Aβ can bind APP and promote amyloidogenic processing of APP, further enhancing Aβ production. Proof of this idea has remained elusive because a clear mechanism has not been identified, and the promiscuous nature of Aβ binding complicates the task of demonstrating the idea. To work around these problems, we used an antibody-mediated approach to bind and cross-link cell-surface APP in cultured rat primary hippocampal neurons. Here we show that cross-linking of APP is sufficient to raise the levels of Aβ in viable neurons with a concomitant increase in the levels of the β-secretase BACE1. This appears to occur as a result of a sorting defect that stems from the caspase-3-mediated inactivation of a key sorting adaptor protein, namely GGA3, which prevents the lysosomal degradation of BACE1. Together, our data suggest the occurrence of a positive pathogenic feedback loop involving Aβ and APP in affected neurons possibly allowing Aβ to spread to nearby healthy neurons.

Global stability behaviour for the BEK family of rotating boundary layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davies, Christopher; Thomas, Christian

2017-12-01

Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the linear global stability behaviour of the Bödewadt, Ekman, von Kármán (BEK) family of flows, for cases where a disc rotates beneath an incompressible fluid that is also rotating. This extends the work reported in recent studies that only considered the rotating-disc boundary layer with a von Kármán configuration, where the fluid that lies above the boundary layer remains stationary. When a homogeneous flow approximation is made, neglecting the radial variation of the basic state, it can be shown that linearised disturbances are susceptible to absolute instability. We shall demonstrate that, despite this prediction of absolute instability, the disturbance development exhibits globally stable behaviour in the BEK boundary layers with a genuine radial inhomogeneity. For configurations where the disc rotation rate is greater than that of the overlying fluid, disturbances propagate radially outwards and there is only a convective form of instability. This replicates the behaviour that had previously been documented when the fluid did not rotate beyond the boundary layer. However, if the fluid rotation rate is taken to exceed that of the disc, then the propagation direction reverses and disturbances grow while convecting radially inwards. Eventually, as they approach regions of smaller radii, where stability is predicted according to the homogeneous flow approximation, the growth rates reduce until decay takes over. Given sufficient time, such disturbances can begin to diminish at every radial location, even those which are positioned outwards from the radius associated with the onset of absolute instability. This leads to the confinement of the disturbance development within a finitely bounded region of the spatial-temporal plane.

A mathematical model for active contraction in healthy and failing myocytes and left ventricles.

PubMed

Cai, Li; Wang, Yongheng; Gao, Hao; Li, Yiqiang; Luo, Xiaoyu

2017-01-01

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, in particular myocardial dysfunction, which may lead to heart failure eventually. Understanding the electro-mechanics of the heart will help in developing more effective clinical treatments. In this paper, we present a multi-scale electro-mechanics model of the left ventricle (LV). The Holzapfel-Ogden constitutive law was used to describe the passive myocardial response in tissue level, a modified Grandi-Pasqualini-Bers model was adopted to model calcium dynamics in individual myocytes, and the active tension was described using the Niederer-Hunter-Smith myofilament model. We first studied the electro-mechanics coupling in a single myocyte in the healthy and diseased left ventricle, and then the single cell model was embedded in a dynamic LV model to investigate the compensation mechanism of LV pump function due to myocardial dysfunction caused by abnormality in cellular calcium dynamics. The multi-scale LV model was solved using an in-house developed hybrid immersed boundary method with finite element extension. The predictions of the healthy LV model agreed well with the clinical measurements and other studies, and likewise, the results in the failing states were also consistent with clinical observations. In particular, we found that a low level of intracellular Ca2+ transient in myocytes can result in LV pump function failure even with increased myocardial contractility, decreased systolic blood pressure, and increased diastolic filling pressure, even though they will increase LV stroke volume. Our work suggested that treatments targeted at increased contractility and lowering the systolic blood pressure alone are not sufficient in preventing LV pump dysfunction, restoring a balanced physiological Ca2+ handling mechanism is necessary.

System Design and Performance of the Two-Gyro Science Mode For the Hubble Space Telescope

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prior, Michael; Dunham, Larry

2005-01-01

For fifteen years, the science mission of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) required using at least three of the six on-board rate gyros for attitude control. Failed gyros were eventually replaced through Space Shuttle Servicing Missions. The tragic loss of the Space Shuttle Columbia has resulted in the cancellation of all planned Shuttle based missions to HST. While a robotic servicing mission is currently being planned instead, controlling with alternate sensors to replace failed gyros can extend the HST science gathering until a servicing mission can be performed, and also extend science at HST's end of life. Additionally, sufficient performance may allow a permanent transition to operations with less than 3 gyros (by intentionally turning off working gyros saving them for later use) allowing for an even greater science mission extension. To meet this need, a Two Gyro Science (TGS) mode has been designed and implemented using magnetometers (Magnetic Sensing System - MSS), Fixed Head Star Trackers (FHSTs), and Fine Guidance Sensors (FGSs) to control vehicle rate about the missing gyro input axis. The development of the TGS capability is the largest re-design of HST operations undertaken, since it affects several major spacecraft subsystems, the most heavily being the Pointing Control System (PCS) and Flight Software (FSW). Additionally, and equally important, are the extensive modifications and enhancements of the Planning and Scheduling system which must now be capable of scheduling science observations while taking into account several new constraints imposed by the TGS operational modes (such as FHST availability and magnetic field geometry) that will impact science gathering efficiency and target availability. This paper discusses the systems engineering design, development, and performance of the TGS mode, now in its final stages of completion.

System Design and Performance of the Two-Gyro Science Mode For the Hubble Space Telescope

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prior, Michael; Dunham, Larry

2005-01-01

For fifteen years, the science mission of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) required using at least three of the six on-board rate gyros for attitude control. Failed gyros were eventually replaced through Space Shuttle Servicing Missions. The tragic loss of the Space Shuttle Columbia has resulted in the cancellation of all planned Shuttle based missions to HST. While a robotic servicing mission is currently being planned instead, controlling with alternate sensors to replace failed gyros can extend the HST science gathering until a servicing mission can be performed, and also extend science at HST s end of life. Additionally, sufficient performance may allow a permanent transition to operations with less than 3 gyros (by intentionally turning off working gyros saving them for later use) allowing for an even greater science mission extension. To meet this need, a Two Gyro Science (TGS) mode has been designed and implemented using magnetometers (Magnetic Sensing System - MSS), Fixed Head Star Trackers (FHSTs), and Fine Guidance Sensors (FGSs) to control vehicle rate about the missing gyro input axis. The development of the TGS capability is the largest re-design of HST operations undertaken, since it affects several major spacecraft subsystems, the most heavily being the Pointing Control System (PCS) and Flight Software (FSW). Additionally, and equally important, are the extensive modifications and enhancements of the Planning and Scheduling system which must now be capable of scheduling science observations while taking into account several new constraints imposed by the TGS operational modes (such as FHST availability and magnetic field geometry) that will impact science gathering efficiency and target availability. This paper discusses the systems engineering design, development, and performance of the TGS mode, now in its final stages of completion.

A contribution to laser range imaging technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Defigueiredo, Rui J. P.; Denney, Bradley S.

1991-01-01

The goal of the project was to develop a methodology for fusion of a Laser Range Imaging Device (LRID) and camera data. Our initial work in the project led to the conclusion that none of the LRID's that were available were sufficiently adequate for this purpose. Thus we spent the time and effort on the development of the new LRID with several novel features which elicit the desired fusion objectives. In what follows, we describe the device developed and built under contract. The Laser Range Imaging Device (LRID) is an instrument which scans a scene using a laser and returns range and reflection intensity data. Such a system would be extremely useful in scene analysis in industry and space applications. The LRID will be eventually implemented on board a mobile robot. The current system has several advantages over some commercially available systems. One improvement is the use of X-Y galvonometer scanning mirrors instead of polygonal mirrors present in some systems. The advantage of the X-Y scanning mirrors is that the mirror system can be programmed to provide adjustable scanning regions. For each mirror there are two controls accessible by the computer. The first is the mirror position and the second is a zoom factor which modifies the amplitude of the position of the parameter. Another advantage of the LRID is the use of a visible low power laser. Some of the commercial systems use a higher intensity invisible laser which causes safety concerns. By using a low power visible laser, not only can one see the beam and avoid direct eye contact, but also the lower intensity reduces the risk of damage to the eye, and no protective eyeware is required.

Evidence for remotely triggered micro-earthquakes during salt cavern collapse

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jousset, P.; Rohmer, J.

2012-04-01

Micro-seismicity is a good indicator of spatio-temporal evolution of physical properties of rocks prior to catastrophic events like volcanic eruptions or landslides and may be triggered by a number of causes including dynamic characteristics of processes in play or/and external forces. Micro-earthquake triggering has been in the recent years the subject of intense research and our work contribute to showing further evidence of possible triggering of micro-earthquakes by remote large earthquakes. We show evidence of triggered micro-seismicity in the vicinity of an underground salt cavern prone to collapse by a remote M~7.2 earthquake, which occurred ~12000 kilometres away. We demonstrate the near critical state of the cavern before the collapse by means of 2D axisymmetric elastic finite-element simulations. Pressure was lowered in the cavern by pumping operations of brine out of the cavern. We demonstrate that a very small stress increase would be sufficient to break the overburden. High-dynamic broadband records reveal a remarkable time-correlation between a dramatic increase of the local high-frequency micro-seismicity rate associated with the break of the stiffest layer stabilizing the overburden and the passage of low-frequency remote seismic waves, including body, Love and Rayleigh surface waves. Stress oscillations due to the seismic waves exceeded the strength required for the rupture of the complex media made of brine and rock triggering micro-earthquakes and leading to damage of the overburden and eventually collapse of the salt cavern. The increment of stress necessary for the failure of a Dolomite layer is of the same order or magnitude as the maximum dynamic stress magnitude observed during the passage of the earthquakes waves. On this basis, we discuss the possible contribution of the Love and Rayleigh low-frequency surfaces waves.

Simulation of shear thickening in attractive colloidal suspensions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pednekar, Sidhant; Chun, Jaehun; Morris, Jeffrey F.

2017-01-01

The influence of attractive forces between particles under conditions of large particle volume fraction is addressed using numerical simulations which account for hydrodynamic, Brownian, conservative and frictional contact forces. The focus is on conditions for which a significant increase in the apparent viscosity at small shear rates, and possibly the development of a yield stress, is observed. The high shear rate behavior for Brownian suspensions has been shown in recent work [R. Mari, R. Seto, J. F. Morris & M. M. Denn, PNAS, 2015, 112, 15326-15330] to be captured by the inclusion of pairwise forces of two forms, one amore » contact frictional interaction and the second a repulsive force common in stabilized colloidal dispersions. Under such conditions, shear thickening is observed when shear stress is comparable to the sum of the Brownian stress and a characteristic stress based on the combination of interparticle force with kT the thermal energy. At sufficiently large volume fraction, this shear thickening can be very abrupt. Here it is shown that when attractive interactions are present with the noted forces, the shear thickening is obscured, as the viscosity shear thins with increasing shear rate, eventually descending from an infinite value (yield stress conditions) to a plateau at large stress; this plateau is at the same level as the large-shear rate viscosity found in the shear thickened state without attractive forces. It is shown that this behavior is consistent with prior observations in shear thickening suspensions modified to be attractive through depletion flocculation [V. Gopalakrishnan & C. F. Zukoski J. Rheol., 2004, 48, 1321-1344]. The contributions of the contact, attractive, and hydrodynamics forces to the bulk stress are presented, as are the contact networks found at different attractive strengths.« less

A neuromorphic model of motor overflow in focal hand dystonia due to correlated sensory input

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sohn, Won Joon; Niu, Chuanxin M.; Sanger, Terence D.

2016-10-01

Objective. Motor overflow is a common and frustrating symptom of dystonia, manifested as unintentional muscle contraction that occurs during an intended voluntary movement. Although it is suspected that motor overflow is due to cortical disorganization in some types of dystonia (e.g. focal hand dystonia), it remains elusive which mechanisms could initiate and, more importantly, perpetuate motor overflow. We hypothesize that distinct motor elements have low risk of motor overflow if their sensory inputs remain statistically independent. But when provided with correlated sensory inputs, pre-existing crosstalk among sensory projections will grow under spike-timing-dependent-plasticity (STDP) and eventually produce irreversible motor overflow. Approach. We emulated a simplified neuromuscular system comprising two anatomically distinct digital muscles innervated by two layers of spiking neurons with STDP. The synaptic connections between layers included crosstalk connections. The input neurons received either independent or correlated sensory drive during 4 days of continuous excitation. The emulation is critically enabled and accelerated by our neuromorphic hardware created in previous work. Main results. When driven by correlated sensory inputs, the crosstalk synapses gained weight and produced prominent motor overflow; the growth of crosstalk synapses resulted in enlarged sensory representation reflecting cortical reorganization. The overflow failed to recede when the inputs resumed their original uncorrelated statistics. In the control group, no motor overflow was observed. Significance. Although our model is a highly simplified and limited representation of the human sensorimotor system, it allows us to explain how correlated sensory input to anatomically distinct muscles is by itself sufficient to cause persistent and irreversible motor overflow. Further studies are needed to locate the source of correlation in sensory input.

Generation of erythroid cells from polyploid giant cancer cells: re-thinking about tumor blood supply.

PubMed

Yang, Zhigang; Yao, Hong; Fei, Fei; Li, Yuwei; Qu, Jie; Li, Chunyuan; Zhang, Shiwu

2018-04-01

During development and tumor progression, cells need a sufficient blood supply to maintain development and rapid growth. It is reported that there are three patterns of blood supply for tumor growth: endothelium-dependent vessels, mosaic vessels, and vasculogenic mimicry (VM). VM was first reported in highly aggressive uveal melanomas, with tumor cells mimicking the presence and function of endothelial cells forming the walls of VM vessels. The walls of mosaic vessels are randomly lined with both endothelial cells and tumor cells. We previously proposed a three-stage process, beginning with VM, progressing to mosaic vessels, and eventually leading to endothelium-dependent vessels. However, many phenomena unique to VM channel formation remain to be elucidated, such as the origin of erythrocytes before VM vessels connect with endothelium-dependent vessels. In adults, erythroid cells are generally believed to be generated from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. In contrast, embryonic tissue obtains oxygen through formation of blood islands, which are largely composed of embryonic hemoglobin with a higher affinity with oxygen, in the absence of mature erythrocytes. Recent data from our laboratory suggest that embryonic blood-forming mechanisms also exist in cancer tissue, particularly when these tissues are under environmental stress such as hypoxia. We review the evidence from induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro and in vivo to support this previously underappreciated cell functionality in normal and cancer cells, including the ability to generate erythroid cells. We will also summarize the current understanding of tumor angiogenesis, VM, and our recent work on polyploid giant cancer cells, with emphasis on their ability to generate erythroid cells and their association with tumor growth under hypoxia. An alternative embryonic pathway to obtain oxygen in cancer cells exists, particularly when they are under hypoxic conditions.

How Important Are 'Entry Effects' in Financial Incentive Programs for Welfare Recipients? Experimental Evidence from the Self-Sufficiency Project. SRDC Working Papers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Card, David; Robins, Philip K.; Lin, Winston

The Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP) entry effect experiment was designed to measure the effect of the future availability of an earnings supplement on the behavior of newly enrolled income assistance (IA) recipients. It used a classical randomized design. From a sample of 3,315 single parents who recently started a new period of IA, one-half were…

Optimization of analytical laboratory work using computer networking and databasing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Upp, D.L.; Metcalf, R.A.

1996-06-01

The Health Physics Analysis Laboratory (HPAL) performs around 600,000 analyses for radioactive nuclides each year at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Analysis matrices vary from nasal swipes, air filters, work area swipes, liquids, to the bottoms of shoes and cat litter. HPAL uses 8 liquid scintillation counters, 8 gas proportional counters, and 9 high purity germanium detectors in 5 laboratories to perform these analyses. HPAL has developed a computer network between the labs and software to produce analysis results. The software and hardware package includes barcode sample tracking, log-in, chain of custody, analysis calculations, analysis result printing, and utility programs.more » All data are written to a database, mirrored on a central server, and eventually written to CD-ROM to provide for online historical results. This system has greatly reduced the work required to provide for analysis results as well as improving the quality of the work performed.« less

20 CFR 411.625 - Can the beneficiary or the EN that is not a State VR agency request a review of the PM's...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411.625 Can the beneficiary or...

20 CFR 411.625 - Can the beneficiary or the EN that is not a State VR agency request a review of the PM's...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411.625 Can the beneficiary or...

20 CFR 411.625 - Can the beneficiary or the EN that is not a State VR agency request a review of the PM's...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411.625 Can the beneficiary or...

Flexitime under Scrutiny: Research on Work Adjustment and Organizational Performance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barad, Cary B.

1980-01-01

Reports on an in-house study of flexible working hours conducted by the Social Security Administration. On the basis of the study, management agreed that flextime could be implemented throughout the agency wherever feasible and where employee interest was sufficiently high. (Author/IRT)

Association of faculty perceptions of work-life with emotional exhaustion and intent to leave academic nursing: report on a national survey of nurse faculty.

PubMed

Yedidia, Michael J; Chou, Jolene; Brownlee, Susan; Flynn, Linda; Tanner, Christine A

2014-10-01

The current and projected nurse faculty shortage threatens the capacity to educate sufficient numbers of nurses for meeting demand. As part of an initiative to foster strategies for expanding educational capacity, a survey of a nationally representative sample of 3,120 full-time nurse faculty members in 269 schools and programs that offered at least one prelicensure degree program was conducted. Nearly 4 of 10 participants reported high levels of emotional exhaustion, and one third expressed an intent to leave academic nursing within 5 years. Major contributors to burnout were dissatisfaction with workload and perceived inflexibility to balance work and family life. Intent to leave was explained not only by age but by several potentially modifiable aspects of work, including dissatisfaction with workload, salary, and availability of teaching support. Preparing sufficient numbers of nurses to meet future health needs will require addressing those aspects of work-life that undermine faculty teaching capacity. Copyright 2014, SLACK Incorporated.

Simulation of an ammonia-water heat pump water heater with combustion products-driven evaporator

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Perez-Blanco, Horacio; Gluesenkamp, K.; Ally, Moonis Raza

Here, the objective of this work is to simulate a single effct (SE) ammonia-water heat pump for domestic water heating, with innovative aspects for cycle simulation and eventual implementation. Seasonal temperature variations demand verfication of distillation column viability. For the given application and temperature ranges, it is found that some variables need to be controlled if the same column is to be used all year round. In addition, a number of simplifications are considered in this work: an advanced evaporator requireing minimal gas flow and surface area, subcooling at two crucial spots of the cycle and the viability of somemore » pump designs to assuage cavitation issues.« less

Simulation of an ammonia-water heat pump water heater with combustion products-driven evaporator

DOE PAGES

Perez-Blanco, Horacio; Gluesenkamp, K.; Ally, Moonis Raza

2016-12-19

Here, the objective of this work is to simulate a single effct (SE) ammonia-water heat pump for domestic water heating, with innovative aspects for cycle simulation and eventual implementation. Seasonal temperature variations demand verfication of distillation column viability. For the given application and temperature ranges, it is found that some variables need to be controlled if the same column is to be used all year round. In addition, a number of simplifications are considered in this work: an advanced evaporator requireing minimal gas flow and surface area, subcooling at two crucial spots of the cycle and the viability of somemore » pump designs to assuage cavitation issues.« less

Make pupils young researchers!

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gouhier, Armelle

2015-04-01

With the 2011 educational reform in France, a new course has been created in secondary schools : Methods & Practices in Science (MPS). The main goal was to improve the pupils working methods in science, including laboratory and field works. In addition, the pedagogy develops pupils autonomy and creativity, a key factor in a research process. Three teachers are working together (Mathematics, Physics and Geology-Biology), showing how different disciplines complement one another. Eventually, this is aimed at attracting more students in scientific sections. This course is optional, in the "seconde" class in French secondary schools (i.e., for 15 years old students). For the next class, they will have to choose between scientific, economic and literature sections : it is a useful option for them to decide which section has their preference. In my high-school in Clermont-Ferrand, we have chosen a research subject on hydrogeology & water quality improvement in region "Auvergne". The pupils will have to develop and set up appropriate tools to check and improve the water quality, related to different disciplines : - Geology & Biology: hydrogeology, effects of different pollutants on aquatic life, solutions to improve water quality (example of the natural water treatment zone in the lake of "Aydat, Auvergne, France"). - Physics & Chemistry: water potability criteria, pollution tests in water, water treatment plants working. - Mathematics: algorithm development, modeling on excel of the dispersion of pollutants The pedagogy of this course is new in French high-schools : pupils work in groups of three, so as to develop cooperation and autonomy. The teachers give the guidelines at the beginning of each working session, and answer the students questions when necessary. The evaluation is competence-based : instead of a mark, which is the main evaluation method in France, the pupils have to evaluate their own skills. Then, the teachers make an evaluation, and the global process is called "co-evaluation". The final purpose for each group of pupils is to present their scientific results to the others (poster, slide show). They will have to answer the questions from their colleagues & the three teachers. Eventually, the teachers evaluate specific skills about this oral presentation.

Weekly working hours for Norwegian hospital doctors since 1994 with special attention to postgraduate training, work-home balance and the European working time directive: a panel study.

PubMed

Rosta, Judith; Aasland, Olaf G

2014-10-13

To examine the weekly working hours of Norwegian hospital doctors from 1994 to 2012 with special emphasis on the quality of postgraduate training and work-home balance, and in relation to the requirements of the European Working Time Directive (EWTD). Panel study based on postal questionnaires. Norway. Unbalanced cohort of 1300-1600 doctors in 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012. Self-reported total weekly working hours and whether 45 weekly working hours are too short, sufficient, or too long to meet the quality requirements of obligatory postgraduate training for junior doctors. From 1994 to 2012, the number of weekly working hours was stable for senior (46-47 h) and junior (45-46 h) hospital doctors. In 2012, significantly more senior (27-35%) than junior (11-20%) doctors reported suboptimal work-home balance, defined as working more than 48 h a week. The majority perceived the present situation with an average of 45 h per week for juniors as sufficient for obligatory postgraduate specialist training, but doctors of higher age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08), senior doctors (1.07, 1.04 to 1.11) and doctors working in surgical specialties (OR 1 vs laboratory medicine 0.03, 0.01 to 0.25, internal medicine 0.31, 0.17 to 0.58, psychiatry 0.12, 0.04 to 0.36, paediatrics 0.36, 0.12 to 1.07, anaesthesiology 0.08, 0.02 to 0.39, gynaecology 0.07, 0.01 to 0.56 and others 0.39, 0.04 to 3.56) were more likely to want the work-week to be longer. The weekly working hours of Norwegian hospital doctors were always below the EWTD requirements. A significant growth of hospital doctor density over the past two decades, national regulations and cultural values might be important factors. Specialty differences in perception of sufficient training time may call for more flexibility in working time regulations. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

20 CFR 411.100 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Introduction § 411.100 Scope. The regulations in this part 411 relate to the provisions of section 1148 of the Social... provisions relating to employment networks in the Ticket to Work program. (f) Subpart F contains provisions...

20 CFR 411.630 - Is SSA's decision final?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Is SSA's decision final? 411.630 Section 411.630 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411...

20 CFR 411.630 - Is SSA's decision final?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Is SSA's decision final? 411.630 Section 411.630 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411...

20 CFR 411.630 - Is SSA's decision final?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Is SSA's decision final? 411.630 Section 411.630 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411...

20 CFR 411.630 - Is SSA's decision final?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Is SSA's decision final? 411.630 Section 411.630 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411...

20 CFR 411.630 - Is SSA's decision final?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Is SSA's decision final? 411.630 Section 411.630 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Beneficiaries and Employment Networks § 411...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Manzini, Gianmarco

This document contains working annotations on the Virtual Element Method (VEM) for the approximate solution of diffusion problems with variable coefficients. To read this document you are assumed to have familiarity with concepts from the numerical discretization of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) and, in particular, the Finite Element Method (FEM). This document is not an introduction to the FEM, for which many textbooks (also free on the internet) are available. Eventually, this document is intended to evolve into a tutorial introduction to the VEM (but this is really a long-term goal).

Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (South Florida). Long-Spined Black Sea Urchin.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-08-01

colleagues, our students, and the staff of West Indies Laboratory for their ideas, assistance In field work, and logistic support. This is contribution...that eventually The size frequency distributions spreads through a whole population. of Diadema measured in the field Spawning is observed when...may be induced by application of 4 years, the larger size class in pressure to the test in the field , any population is likely to be anr y he isurancs

Medical student Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956).

PubMed

Skrziepietz, Andreas

2009-08-01

Bertolt Brecht was one of the most important dramatists of the 20th century. At the start of his career he studied literature but switched from the humanities to medicine. This paper discusses reasons for this switch, the influence of his medical experiences on his poetic work and why he eventually abandoned his medical career. His political development towards Marxism is described and a short sketch of his theory of theatre is given. He is considered the most important German-speaking dramatist of the 20th century.

KSC-2009-3738

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-06-15

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – In the Vehicle Assembly Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, the Ares I-X fifth segment simulator assembly is lowered through a work platform in High Bay 4. Ares I-X is the flight test vehicle for the Ares I, the essential core of a safe, reliable, cost-effective space transportation system that eventually will carry crewed missions back to the moon, on to Mars and out into the solar system. Ares I-X is targeted for launch in August 2009. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Reaction Electronic Flux Perspective on the Mechanism of the Zimmerman Di-π-methane Rearrangement.

PubMed

Matute, Ricardo A; Pérez, Patricia; Chamorro, Eduardo; Villegas-Escobar, Nery; Cortés-Arriagada, Diego; Herrera, Barbara; Gutiérrez-Oliva, Soledad; Toro-Labbé, Alejandro

2018-06-01

The reaction electronic flux (REF) offers a powerful tool in the analysis of reaction mechanisms. Noteworthy, the relationship between aromaticity and REF can eventually reveal subtle electronic events associated with reactivity in aromatic systems. In this work, this relationship was studied for the triplet Zimmerman di-π-methane rearrangement. The aromaticity loss and gain taking place during the reaction is well acquainted by the REF, thus shedding light on the electronic nature of reactions involving dibenzobarrelenes.

Exploring Symmetry to Assist Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Illán, I. A.; Górriz, J. M.; Ramírez, J.; Salas-Gonzalez, D.; López, M.; Padilla, P.; Chaves, R.; Segovia, F.; Puntonet, C. G.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder first affecting memory functions and then gradually affecting all cognitive functions with behavioral impairments and eventually causing death. Functional brain imaging as Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) is commonly used to guide the clinician's diagnosis. The essential left-right symmetry of human brains is shown to play a key role in coding and recognition. In the present work we explore the implications of this symmetry in AD diagnosis, showing that recognition may be enhanced when considering this latent symmetry.

STS-114 Flight Director Press Conference, PAO Support

NASA Image and Video Library

2005-08-04

JSC2005-E-32511 (4 August 2005) --- One of four visual aids used by Shuttle Deputy Program Manager Wayne Hale during an August 4 press conference that dealt with important tests in wind tunnels at NASA's Ames Research Center. Engineers simulated the conditions of the Space Shuttle Discovery for a disrupted thermal blanket near the commander's window on the forward cabin of the spacecraft. Eventually it was decided that no additonal spacewalk work needed to be performed to fix the blanket.

Schlieren System Enhancements at GRC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Woike, Mark; Clem, Michelle M.

2013-01-01

This presentation describes the latest improvements that have been made to the Schlieren systems at the NASA Glenn Research Center. These systems are used for the visualization of flow and shock structures in our wind tunnel test facilities. Improvements have been made to the optics, light sources and knife edges using the latest state-of-the-art technology. The eventual goal of this upgrade work is to improve the sensitivity of the systems so that they can be used to make quantitative flow measurements.

Paths of Adoption: Routes to Continuous Process Improvement

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-07-01

To obtain a process the team will use: The Team Lead has worked on teams with good processes and wants their new team to start out on the right foot ...eventually going to have to eat the entire process-improvement elephant . So, how do you get the “Never- Adopters” to undertake the effort? The key is to...Air Warfare Center Abstract. This paper covers the different types of teams the authors have en- countered as NAVAIR Internal Process Coaches and how

Unique variable polarity plasma arc welding for space shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schwinghamer, R. J.

1985-01-01

Since the introduction of the Plasma Arc Torch in 1955 and subsequent to the work at Boeing in the 1960's, significant improvements crucial to success have been made in the Variable Polarity Plasma Arc (VPPA) Process at the Marshall Space Flight Center. Several very important advantages to this process are given, and the genesis of PA welding, the genesis of VPPA welding, special equiment requirements, weld property development, results with other aluminum alloys, and the eventual successful VPPA transition to production operations are discussed.

Some Like It Hot, But Not the First Biomolecules

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bada, Jeffrey L.; Lazcano, Antonio

2002-01-01

Ever since the pioneering work of Aleksandr Oparin and John Haldane nearly a century ago, the prebiotic soup theory has dominated thinking about how life emerged on Earth. According to the modern version of this theory, organic compounds accumulated in the primordial oceans and underwent polymerization, producing increasingly complex macromolecules that eventually evolved the ability to catalyze their own replication (see the figure). But is this really how life originated? And what were the conditions that favored its emergence?

VolunteerGet--a novel information system for engaging society in volunteering for emergency care.

PubMed

Varadarajan, Vivek; Ganz, Aura

2008-01-01

This work presents VolunteerGet, a novel information system for engaging society in volunteering for emergency situations. We will use the social networking and location services infrastructure as a means of 1) registering volunteers and other users, 2) spreading the word on volunteering opportunities and increasing the volunteer database, 3) matching the users and volunteers at time and location of need. Such a system has the potential to promote volunteering as a social phenomenon and eventually reduce suffering and mortality.

Beyond Demographics is Destiny: Understanding Economic Mitigation Strategies for Demographic Change in China

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-01

improve the life of people in underdeveloped countries, inspired me to engage and explore the world around me. This exploration eventually led me to the...in the world , it faces the possible challenge of a demographic drag on growth. In the past three decades, China has reaped a demographic dividend...that the World Bank’s demographic statistics point to 2015 as the year during which China’s total working age population (15–64) will reach its zenith

[Foucault's relevance for psychology].

PubMed

Pastor, Juan

2009-11-01

In this article, we will attempt to address one of the most outstanding and influential thinkers of the past century: Michel Foucault, Philosopher, Psychologist, and above all (university) Professor. Michel Foucault is certainly versatile: Historian (of madness, clinical practice, imprisonment and sexuality), Archaeologist (of knowledge), Analyst (of discourse and power relations), Psychologist (genealogy of subjectivity) and Philosopher (of power and the subject). With this article, we eventually expect to offer some clues to be able to use the work of Michel Foucault for the problematization of Psychology.

Court Depositions of Three Red Brigadists

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-02-01

decided on this meaning. He told us also that he had worked on chis plan for a long time; thus, Q , ýIIý Iý I W1 the embryo of the organization had...was the embryo of the future Prison Front. Naturally it was not indicated who these three were: Certainly as I understood later, there was Guagliardo...and the eventual network of support still had to be to constructed. This would provide that embryo of the Prison Front of which I have spoken and

Management of high-risk perioperative systems.

PubMed

Dain, Steven

2006-06-01

The perioperative system is a complex system that requires people, materials, and processes to come together in a highly ordered and timely manner. However, when working in this high-risk system, even well-organized, knowledgeable, vigilant, and well-intentioned individuals will eventually make errors. All systems need to be evaluated on a continual basis to reduce the risk of errors, make errors more easily recognizable, and provide methods for error mitigation. A simple approach to risk management that may be applied in clinical medicine is discussed.

Psychology Doctoral Students' Interest in Working with Older Adults: The Roles of Knowledge, Ageism, Aging Anxiety and Contact

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dobbin, Carrie B.

2012-01-01

Given the growing population of older adults with more reported mental health needs, there are not sufficient psychologists interested in working with this population. This study looked at why interest is so low, looking particularly at the correlations between interest in working with older adults and knowledge about aging, ageism, aging anxiety…

20 CFR 411.510 - How is the State VR agency paid under the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false How is the State VR agency paid under the Ticket to Work program? 411.510 Section 411.510 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Employment Network Payment Systems § 411.510 How is the State...

20 CFR 411.320 - What are an EN's responsibilities as a participant in the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are an EN's responsibilities as a participant in the Ticket to Work program? 411.320 Section 411.320 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Employment Networks § 411.320 What are an EN's...

20 CFR 411.320 - What are an EN's responsibilities as a participant in the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false What are an EN's responsibilities as a participant in the Ticket to Work program? 411.320 Section 411.320 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Employment Networks § 411.320 What are an EN's...

20 CFR 411.510 - How is the State VR agency paid under the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false How is the State VR agency paid under the Ticket to Work program? 411.510 Section 411.510 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Employment Network Payment Systems § 411.510 How is the State...

20 CFR 411.320 - What are an EN's responsibilities as a participant in the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are an EN's responsibilities as a participant in the Ticket to Work program? 411.320 Section 411.320 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Employment Networks § 411.320 What are an EN's...

20 CFR 411.320 - What are an EN's responsibilities as a participant in the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false What are an EN's responsibilities as a participant in the Ticket to Work program? 411.320 Section 411.320 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Employment Networks § 411.320 What are an EN's...

20 CFR 411.320 - What are an EN's responsibilities as a participant in the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What are an EN's responsibilities as a participant in the Ticket to Work program? 411.320 Section 411.320 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Employment Networks § 411.320 What are an EN's...

20 CFR 411.510 - How is the State VR agency paid under the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false How is the State VR agency paid under the Ticket to Work program? 411.510 Section 411.510 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Employment Network Payment Systems § 411.510 How is the State...

Honoring Work in Wisconsin: State Policies To Promote Self-Sufficiency for Working Families.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Center on Wisconsin Strategy.

Many of Wisconsin's working families face economic distress, living from paycheck to paycheck and being forced to choose between paying their rent or buying food for their children. Parents under stress often cannot support their children with time, energy or resources. In order to affirm the importance of children in the state, and to help build…

Head Start: Helping Families Move from Welfare to Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finlay, Belva; Blank, Helen; Poersch, Nicole Oxendine

This report describes some of the ways in which Head Start agencies are helping to set parents on the path to self-sufficiency. The report is intended to illustrate the variety of initiatives that are underway and to highlight the important work all Head Start agencies are doing to support parents as they move from welfare to work. The…

Ultra-High Temperature Thermal Barrier Coatings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jordan, Eric; Gell, Maurice; Wang, Jiwen

In this project, HiFunda LLC worked with the University of Connecticut (UConn) to demonstrate an attractive option for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), namely yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), which was well known to have proven thermal stability and excellent high-temperature mechanical properties. YAG and other higher temperature TBCs have not been used to date because they exhibit inadequate durability, resulting from (a) poor erosion resistance and (b) greater thermal expansion mismatch strains compared to 7YSZ. UConn had previously demonstrated that the solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS) process could produce a durable 7YSZ TBC resulting from a highly strain tolerant microstructure, consistingmore » of through-coating-thickness vertical cracks. HiFunda/UConn reasoned at the start of Phase I that such a strain-tolerant microstructure could produce durable, higher temperature TBCs. The Phase I work demonstrated the feasibility of that concept and of SPPS YAG TBCs. The Phase II work demonstrated that SPPS YAG coating possessed the necessary range of properties to be a viable high temperature TBC, including cyclic durability and reduced elevated temperature thermal conductivity. The SPPS YAG TBCs were shown to have the potential to be used at temperatures 200°C higher than APS YSZ, based on thermal stability, sinter resistance, and CMAS resistance. The overall technical objectives of this Phase 2A project were to further improve the commercial viability of SPPS by improving their performance capabilities and manufacturing economics. The improved performance capability was to be achieved through: (1) further reductions in thermal conductivity, which allows higher gas temperatures and/or thinner coatings to achieve similar gas temperatures; and (2) improved resistance to calcium magnesium alumnoslicate (CMAS) attack of the TBCs, which can yield improved lifetimes. The improved thermal conductivity and CMAs resistance was to be accomplished through compositional and microstructural optimization. Finally, the key metrics to improve the process economics were increased deposition rate and efficiency. In addition to these technical objectives, there were commercialization objectives of getting key commercialization partners to evaluate and qualify the SPPS YAG technology independently so that the technology readiness level (TRL) of the technology could be sufficiently advanced to facilitate Phase III strategic partnerships, leading to eventual commercialization consistent with the overall objectives of the DOE SBIR/STTR program. All the Phase 2A goals were successfully achieved.« less

The seventh penis: towards effective psychoanalytic work with pre-surgical transsexuals.

PubMed

Withers, Robert

2015-06-01

The author reflects on his contrasting analytic work with two transsexual patients. He uses three previous psychoanalytic studies (Stoller, Morel and Lemma) to explore whether effective analytic work with the issues driving a person's determined wish for sex reassignment surgery (SRS) is possible. Particular consideration is given to how such work might navigate a path between traumatizing and pathologizing the patient on the one hand and avoiding important analytic material out of fear of so doing on the other. The author proceeds to ask whether it is possible to tell in advance, with any degree of reliability, who is and who is not likely to benefit from surgery. He considers certain diagnostic issues in relation to these questions. Illustrations are given of how, in practice, countertransference anxieties about psychopathologizing transsexual patients can contribute to significant difficulties in working clinically with them. It is argued that the understanding and containment of such anxieties could eventually lead to more effective analytic work, and that such work might be further facilitated by considering the contribution of mind-body dissociation to transsexualism. © 2015, The Society of Analytical Psychology.

Combustion of interacting droplet arrays in a microgravity environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dietrich, Daniel L.; Haggard, John B.

1993-01-01

This research program involves the study of one and two dimensional arrays of droplets in a buoyant-free environment. The purpose of the work is to extend the database and theories that exist for single droplets into the regime where droplet interactions are important. The eventual goal being to use the results of this work as inputs to models on spray combustion where droplets seldom burn individually; instead the combustion history of a droplet is strongly influenced by the presence of the neighboring droplets. The emphasis of the present investigation is experimental, although comparison will be made to existing theoretical and numerical treatments when appropriate. Both normal gravity and low gravity testing will be employed, and the results compared. The work to date will be summarized in the next section, followed by a section detailing the future plans.

Level 1 Processing of MODIS Direct Broadcast Data at the GSFC DAAC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lynnes, Christopher; Kempler, Steven J. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

The GSFC DAAC is working to test and package the MODIS Level 1 Processing software for Aqua Direct Broadcast data. This entails the same code base, but different lookup tables for Aqua and Terra. However, the most significant change is the use of ancillary attitude and ephemeris files instead of orbit/attitude information within the science data stream (as with Terra). In addition, we are working on Linux: ports of the algorithms, which could eventually enable processing on PC clusters. Finally, the GSFC DAAC is also working with the GSFC Direct Readout laboratory to ingest Level 0 data from the GSFC DB antenna into the main DAAC, enabling level 1 production in near real time in support of applications users, such as the Synergy project. The mechanism developed for this could conceivably be extended to other participating stations.

W. Grey Walter, pioneer in the electroencephalogram, robotics, cybernetics, artificial intelligence.

PubMed

Bladin, Peter F

2006-02-01

With the announcement by William Lennox at the 1935 London International Neurology Congress of the use of electroencephalography in the study of epilepsy, it became evident that a new and powerful technique for the investigation of seizures had been discovered. William Grey Walter, a young researcher finishing his post-graduate studies at Cambridge, was selected to construct and study the EEG in clinical neurology at the Maudsley Hospital, London. His hugely productive pioneering career in the use of EEG would eventually lead to groundbreaking work in other fields --the emerging sciences of robotics, cybernetics, and early work in artificial intelligence. In this historical note his pioneering work in the fields of clinical neurophysiology is documented, both in the areas of epileptology and tumour detection. His landmark contributions to clinical neurophysiology are worthy of documentation.

Time and medical education.

PubMed

Ludmerer, K M

2000-01-04

An indispensable ingredient of good medical education is the presence of enough time to allow educational objectives to be met. The length of study needs to be sufficient for learners to acquire the necessary factual, reasoning, judgmental, and behavioral skills. For medical education to be conducted at the highest level, learners also need sufficient contact time with patients, and faculty need enough time to teach in a thoughtful, Socratic fashion. As the 21st century approaches, time is disappearing from the process of teaching and learning medicine, with disturbing implications for the quality of education. Medical educators in the future must work as hard to defend the availability of sufficient time as they do to acquire new buildings and research funds.

Faculty Reflections on the Institute for Aging and Social Work Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bonifas, Robin P.; Mehrotra, Gita R.

2014-01-01

Considerable research highlights the value of mentorship to the professional development of early career faculty in academia, yet less research focuses on factors motivating individuals to provide formal guidance to junior colleagues. Given that new social work faculty, in particular, may not receive sufficient mentoring, understanding what…

20 CFR 411.660 - Is SSA's decision final?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Is SSA's decision final? 411.660 Section 411.660 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Employment Networks and Program Managers § 411...

20 CFR 411.660 - Is SSA's decision final?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Is SSA's decision final? 411.660 Section 411.660 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Employment Networks and Program Managers § 411...

20 CFR 411.660 - Is SSA's decision final?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Is SSA's decision final? 411.660 Section 411.660 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Employment Networks and Program Managers § 411...

20 CFR 411.660 - Is SSA's decision final?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Is SSA's decision final? 411.660 Section 411.660 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Employment Networks and Program Managers § 411...

20 CFR 411.660 - Is SSA's decision final?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Is SSA's decision final? 411.660 Section 411.660 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Employment Networks and Program Managers § 411...

20 CFR 411.250 - How will SSA evaluate a PM?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 411.250 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Use of One or More Program Managers To Assist in Administration of the Ticket to Work Program... determine the PM's final rating. (c) These performance evaluations will be made part of our database on...

20 CFR 411.250 - How will SSA evaluate a PM?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 411.250 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Use of One or More Program Managers To Assist in Administration of the Ticket to Work Program... determine the PM's final rating. (c) These performance evaluations will be made part of our database on...

20 CFR 411.250 - How will SSA evaluate a PM?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 411.250 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Use of One or More Program Managers To Assist in Administration of the Ticket to Work Program... determine the PM's final rating. (c) These performance evaluations will be made part of our database on...

20 CFR 411.250 - How will SSA evaluate a PM?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 411.250 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Use of One or More Program Managers To Assist in Administration of the Ticket to Work Program... determine the PM's final rating. (c) These performance evaluations will be made part of our database on...

How Work Organization Affects the Prevalence of WMSDs: A Case-control Study.

PubMed

Liu, Lu; Chen, Song Gen; Tang, Shi Chuan; Wang, Sheng; He, Li Hua; Guo, Ze Hua; Li, Jing Yun; Yu, Shan Fa; Wang, Zhong Xu

2015-09-01

In this study, we aimed at exploring the association between work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and work organization based on a case-control study. A total of 1938 workers who claimed to suffer from WMSDs were selected from Beijing, Henan, Hubei, and the Guangdong province. The control group consisted of 2009 workers employed in similar industries without severe disease or musculoskeletal discomforts. We used a modified version of the questionnaire developed by the NMQ and the DMQ to investigate individual and work-related factors. A total of 13 variables (P<0.1) were selected by the chi-square test and finally, 7 variables entered into the equation, with 6 variables reaching statistical significance (P<0.05). The odds ratios (OR) of 'work changing with season' and 'sufficient rest time' did not reach 1 (0.749 and 0.441, respectively). In addition, 'sufficient rest time' seemed to be the stronger protective factor according to its higher standardized coefficient. And 'repetitive work every minute', 'constantly repetitive work' (every day), 'shortage of site personnel', and 'often switching shifts with others' seemed to be the risk factors. Work organization may have comprehensive effects on the occurrence of WMSDs. This pattern of associations suggests that further investigation into the mechanism of how work organization affects the prevalence of WMSDs is required. Copyright © 2015 The Editorial Board of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. Published by China CDC. All rights reserved.

The BMP pathway acts to directly regulate Tbx20 in the developing heart

PubMed Central

Mandel, Elizabeth M.; Kaltenbrun, Erin; Callis, Thomas E.; Zeng, Xin-Xin I.; Marques, Sara R.; Yelon, Deborah; Wang, Da-Zhi; Conlon, Frank L.

2010-01-01

TBX20 has been shown to be essential for vertebrate heart development. Mutations within the TBX20 coding region are associated with human congenital heart disease, and the loss of Tbx20 in a wide variety of model systems leads to cardiac defects and eventually heart failure. Despite the crucial role of TBX20 in a range of cardiac cellular processes, the signal transduction pathways that act upstream of Tbx20 remain unknown. Here, we have identified and characterized a conserved 334 bp Tbx20 cardiac regulatory element that is directly activated by the BMP/SMAD1 signaling pathway. We demonstrate that this element is both necessary and sufficient to drive cardiac-specific expression of Tbx20 in Xenopus, and that blocking SMAD1 signaling in vivo specifically abolishes transcription of Tbx20, but not that of other cardiac factors, such as Tbx5 and MHC, in the developing heart. We further demonstrate that activation of Tbx20 by SMAD1 is mediated by a set of novel, non-canonical, high-affinity SMAD-binding sites located within this regulatory element and that phospho-SMAD1 directly binds a non-canonical SMAD1 site in vivo. Finally, we show that these non-canonical sites are necessary and sufficient for Tbx20 expression in Xenopus, and that reporter constructs containing these sites are expressed in a cardiac-specific manner in zebrafish and mouse. Collectively, our findings define Tbx20 as a direct transcriptional target of the BMP/SMAD1 signaling pathway during cardiac maturation. PMID:20460370

The development of automaticity in short-term memory search: Item-response learning and category learning.

PubMed

Cao, Rui; Nosofsky, Robert M; Shiffrin, Richard M

2017-05-01

In short-term-memory (STM)-search tasks, observers judge whether a test probe was present in a short list of study items. Here we investigated the long-term learning mechanisms that lead to the highly efficient STM-search performance observed under conditions of consistent-mapping (CM) training, in which targets and foils never switch roles across trials. In item-response learning, subjects learn long-term mappings between individual items and target versus foil responses. In category learning, subjects learn high-level codes corresponding to separate sets of items and learn to attach old versus new responses to these category codes. To distinguish between these 2 forms of learning, we tested subjects in categorized varied mapping (CV) conditions: There were 2 distinct categories of items, but the assignment of categories to target versus foil responses varied across trials. In cases involving arbitrary categories, CV performance closely resembled standard varied-mapping performance without categories and departed dramatically from CM performance, supporting the item-response-learning hypothesis. In cases involving prelearned categories, CV performance resembled CM performance, as long as there was sufficient practice or steps taken to reduce trial-to-trial category-switching costs. This pattern of results supports the category-coding hypothesis for sufficiently well-learned categories. Thus, item-response learning occurs rapidly and is used early in CM training; category learning is much slower but is eventually adopted and is used to increase the efficiency of search beyond that available from item-response learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Paths to Work in Rural Places: Key Findings and Lessons from the Impact Evaluation of the Future Steps Rural Welfare-to-Work Program. Final Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meckstroth, Alicia; Burwick, Andrew; Ponza, Michael; Marsh, Shawn; Novak, Tim; Phillips, Shannon; Diaz-Tena, Nuria; Ng, Judy

2006-01-01

Helping low-income families in rural areas find gainful employment and achieve economic self-sufficiency is an ongoing policy concern. The Rural Welfare-to-Work Strategies demonstration is using rigorous experimental designs to build knowledge about how to help low-income families in rural areas strive toward sustained employment and…

Freedom through Self-Sufficiency: A Qualitative Examination of the Impact of Domestic Violence on the Working Lives of Women in Shelter

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wettersten, Kara Brita; Rudolph, Susan E.; Faul, Kiri; Gallagher, Kathleen; Trangsrud, Heather B.; Adams, Karissa; Graham, Sherna; Terrance, Cheryl

2004-01-01

Using consensual qualitative research (C. Hill, B. Thompson, & E. Williams, 1997), the purpose of this study was to explore the impact of domestic violence on the working lives of women currently in shelter. Several emergent categories suggested that domestic violence has a profound effect on women's working lives, including their ability to…

20 CFR 411.325 - What reporting requirements are placed on an EN as a participant in the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What reporting requirements are placed on an EN as a participant in the Ticket to Work program? 411.325 Section 411.325 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Employment Networks § 411.325 What...

20 CFR 411.325 - What reporting requirements are placed on an EN as a participant in the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What reporting requirements are placed on an EN as a participant in the Ticket to Work program? 411.325 Section 411.325 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Employment Networks § 411.325 What...

20 CFR 411.325 - What reporting requirements are placed on an EN as a participant in the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false What reporting requirements are placed on an EN as a participant in the Ticket to Work program? 411.325 Section 411.325 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Employment Networks § 411.325 What...

20 CFR 411.325 - What reporting requirements are placed on an EN as a participant in the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false What reporting requirements are placed on an EN as a participant in the Ticket to Work program? 411.325 Section 411.325 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Employment Networks § 411.325 What...

20 CFR 411.325 - What reporting requirements are placed on an EN as a participant in the Ticket to Work program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What reporting requirements are placed on an EN as a participant in the Ticket to Work program? 411.325 Section 411.325 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Employment Networks § 411.325 What...

The transcension hypothesis: Sufficiently advanced civilizations invariably leave our universe, and implications for METI and SETI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smart, John M.

2012-09-01

The emerging science of evolutionary developmental ("evo devo") biology can aid us in thinking about our universe as both an evolutionary system, where most processes are unpredictable and creative, and a developmental system, where a special few processes are predictable and constrained to produce far-future-specific emergent order, just as we see in the common developmental processes in two stars of an identical population type, or in two genetically identical twins in biology. The transcension hypothesis proposes that a universal process of evolutionary development guides all sufficiently advanced civilizations into what may be called "inner space," a computationally optimal domain of increasingly dense, productive, miniaturized, and efficient scales of space, time, energy, and matter, and eventually, to a black-hole-like destination. Transcension as a developmental destiny might also contribute to the solution to the Fermi paradox, the question of why we have not seen evidence of or received beacons from intelligent civilizations. A few potential evolutionary, developmental, and information theoretic reasons, mechanisms, and models for constrained transcension of advanced intelligence are briefly considered. In particular, we introduce arguments that black holes may be a developmental destiny and standard attractor for all higher intelligence, as they appear to some to be ideal computing, learning, forward time travel, energy harvesting, civilization merger, natural selection, and universe replication devices. In the transcension hypothesis, simpler civilizations that succeed in resisting transcension by staying in outer (normal) space would be developmental failures, which are statistically very rare late in the life cycle of any biological developing system. If transcension is a developmental process, we may expect brief broadcasts or subtle forms of galactic engineering to occur in small portions of a few galaxies, the handiwork of young and immature civilizations, but constrained transcension should be by far the norm for all mature civilizations. The transcension hypothesis has significant and testable implications for our current and future METI and SETI agendas. If all universal intelligence eventually transcends to black-hole-like environments, after which some form of merger and selection occurs, and if two-way messaging (a send-receive cycle) is severely limited by the great distances between neighboring and rapidly transcending civilizations, then sending one-way METI or probes prior to transcension becomes the only real communication option. But one-way messaging or probes may provably reduce the evolutionary diversity in all civilizations receiving the message, as they would then arrive at their local transcensions in a much more homogenous fashion. If true, an ethical injunction against one-way messaging or probes might emerge in the morality and sustainability systems of all sufficiently advanced civilizations, an argument known as the Zoo hypothesis in Fermi paradox literature, if all higher intelligences are subject to an evolutionary attractor to maximize their local diversity, and a developmental attractor to merge and advance universal intelligence. In any such environment, the evolutionary value of sending any interstellar message or probe may simply not be worth the cost, if transcension is an inevitable, accelerative, and testable developmental process, one that eventually will be discovered and quantitatively described by future physics. Fortunately, transcension processes may be measurable today even without good physical theory, and radio and optical SETI may each provide empirical tests. If transcension is a universal developmental constraint, then without exception all early and low-power electromagnetic leakage signals (radar, radio, television), and later, optical evidence of the exoplanets and their atmospheres should reliably cease as each civilization enters its own technological singularities (emergence of postbiological intelligence and life forms) and recognizes that they are on an optimal and accelerating path to a black-hole-like environment. Furthermore, optical SETI may soon allow us to map an expanding area of the galactic habitable zone we may call the galactic transcension zone, an inner ring that contains older transcended civilizations, and a missing planets problem as we discover that planets with life signatures occur at a much lower frequencies in this inner ring than in the remainder of the habitable zone.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Astronaut Soichi Noguchi (left), with the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), works at a console during a Multi-Element Integrated Test (MEIT) of the U.S. Node 2 and the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) in the Space Station Processing Facility. The JEM, developed by NASDA, is Japan's primary contribution to the Station. It will enhance the unique research capabilities of the orbiting complex by providing an additional environment for astronauts to conduct science experiments. Noguchi is assigned to mission STS-114 as a mission specialist. Node 2 provides attach locations for the Japanese laboratory, as well as European laboratory, the Centrifuge Accommodation Module and, eventually, Multipurpose Logistics Modules. Installation of the module will complete the U.S. Core of the ISS.

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-09-03

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Astronaut Soichi Noguchi (left), with the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), works at a console during a Multi-Element Integrated Test (MEIT) of the U.S. Node 2 and the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) in the Space Station Processing Facility. The JEM, developed by NASDA, is Japan's primary contribution to the Station. It will enhance the unique research capabilities of the orbiting complex by providing an additional environment for astronauts to conduct science experiments. Noguchi is assigned to mission STS-114 as a mission specialist. Node 2 provides attach locations for the Japanese laboratory, as well as European laboratory, the Centrifuge Accommodation Module and, eventually, Multipurpose Logistics Modules. Installation of the module will complete the U.S. Core of the ISS.

Rotation curve for the Milky Way galaxy in conformal gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Brien, James G.; Moss, Robert J.

2015-05-01

Galactic rotation curves have proven to be the testing ground for dark matter bounds in galaxies, and our own Milky Way is one of many large spiral galaxies that must follow the same models. Over the last decade, the rotation of the Milky Way galaxy has been studied and extended by many authors. Since the work of conformal gravity has now successfully fit the rotation curves of almost 140 galaxies, we present here the fit to our own Milky Way. However, the Milky Way is not just an ordinary galaxy to append to our list, but instead provides a robust test of a fundamental difference of conformal gravity rotation curves versus standard cold dark matter models. It was shown by Mannheim and O'Brien that in conformal gravity, the presence of a quadratic potential causes the rotation curve to eventually fall off after its flat portion. This effect can currently be seen in only a select few galaxies whose rotation curve is studied well beyond a few multiples of the optical galactic scale length. Due to the recent work of Sofue et al and Kundu et al, the rotation curve of the Milky Way has now been studied to a degree where we can test the predicted fall off in the conformal gravity rotation curve. We find that - like the other galaxies already studied in conformal gravity - we obtain amazing agreement with rotational data and the prediction includes the eventual fall off at large distances from the galactic center.

A model of work-family conflict and well-being among Malaysian working women.

PubMed

Aazami, Sanaz; Akmal, Syaqirah; Shamsuddin, Khadijah

2015-01-01

Work and family are the two most important domains in a person's life. Lack of balance between work and family can lead to adverse consequences such as psychological distress; however, the effect of work-family conflict on psychological distress might be mediated by job and family dissatisfaction. This study examines a model of the four dimensions of work-family conflict and their consequences on psychological distress. In particular, we test whether job and family satisfaction mediate the effect of the four dimensions of work-family conflict on psychological distress. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 567 Malaysian women who are working in the public services. Structural Equation Modeling confirmed the mediating role of family satisfaction in the effect of strain-based work interference into family and time-based family interference into work on psychological distress. In addition, our results revealed a significant path that links job to family satisfaction. Moreover, time-based work interference into family and strain-based family interference into work significantly and negatively affect job satisfaction, which in turn influence family satisfaction and eventually affect psychological distress. The results of our study show that organizations need to develop and adapt family friendly policies to mitigate level of employees' work-family conflict.

Developing science talent in minority students: Perspectives of past participants in a summer mentorship program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schimmel, Dale Bishop

The underrepresentation of women and ethnic minorities in science has been well documented. Research efforts are directed toward understanding the high attrition rate in science course selection as students advance through high school and college. The attrition rate is especially high for females and minority students. Since 1980 the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Connecticut has conducted a "Minority Research Apprentice Program" to attract students by expanding their knowledge of research and technology. The goal of the program is to encourage students from underrepresented groups to eventually select careers in the field of science. This qualitative study of past participants explored factors that related to students' decisions to pursue or not to pursue careers in science. Descriptive statistics and qualitative data collected from surveys and interviews of twenty former apprentices, along with comparative case studies of four selected individuals, revealed the educational interventions, personal traits and social supports that helped guide students' eventual career choice decisions. Participation in gifted programs, advanced placement courses, and talented high school science teachers all played a critical role in assisting these individuals in developing their potential interest. Qualitative data revealed the role of the Minority Research Apprentice Program played in helping talented individuals gain an appreciation of the nature of scientific research through apprenticeship and involvement with authentic projects. For all those involved, it assisted them in clarifying their eventual career choices. Individuals identified the lack of challenge of the introductory science courses, the commitment science requires, and the nature of laboratory work as reasons for leaving the field. Females who left science switched majors more frequently than males. Qualitative data revealed the dilemma that multipotentiality and lack of career counseling played in the confusion over which profession to pursue. Ethnicity played a significant role in the retention of minority apprentices in science. Asian American males and females reported having more restricted career choices due to their parents' expectations. Females from all ethnic groups, including those who selected careers in other fields, experienced career conflict, switched majors more frequently, and had a greater sense of dissatisfaction with their eventual career choice.

Analysis of causes of the eventual increment in climatic episodies in the period 2004-2014 and the consequences on the coast of Galicia (NW Spain)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodriguez Lopez, Fernando; Diez, Javier; Veiga, Efren

2015-04-01

In recent years has observed an increase in atmospheric and marine events on the coast of Galicia (Spain) which have caused economic losses and human lives; and also an alarm in the population. This work analyse the consequences in order temporal and geographical; and the possible causes and influences which can motivate the presence of these events and their consequences. This work also proposes a strategy to prevent such events and to limit their effects. The generating criteria proposed is a rating system of security, in such way that the society by itself generates the trends for improvement. Keywords: Security, Civil engineering, Marine constructions, Realibility, Insurance, Prevention forensic engineering

So Easy a Greybeard Can Do It: Mobile Paperless Engineering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martins, Vanessa; LaPha, Steven

2015-01-01

Picture a NASA Engineer out at the launch pad - some new construction has been completed, and he has been tasked to inspect the job. While working, he repeatedly travels between the site and his desk, spending time seeking out information, printing out drawings for reference, and attempting to align schedules to meet with the team. This type of scenario is not just specific to Kennedy Space Center though, many industries partake in similar circumstances most realizing that there is always a need for more information, and often at a moments notice. While this approach will eventually get the job done, NASA KSC-ESC has questioned how to use readily available resources to streamline work processes, become more efficient, and produce less waste.

The Power of Instructions: Proactive Configuration of Stimulus-Response Translation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meiran, Nachshon; Pereg, Maayan; Kessler, Yoav; Cole, Michael W.; Braver, Todd S.

2015-01-01

Humans are characterized by an especially highly developed ability to use instructions to prepare toward upcoming events; yet, it is unclear just how powerful instructions can be. Although prior work provides evidence that instructions can be sufficiently powerful to proactively program working memory to execute stimulus-response (S-R)…

Connecting Schoolwork to Life Work: Students Practice Setting Their Own Educational Goals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Theresa; Serrano, John A.; Veit, Daniel

2013-01-01

As educators working with high school students, the author's face questions such as: (1)" How can students become better self-advocates?" (2) "Are students sufficiently prepared for life after graduation?" (3) "How can students become more motivated in planning their future?" (4) "What can be done to encourage…

Child Care: Federal Funding for Fiscal Year 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

General Accounting Office, Washington, DC. Health, Education, and Human Services Div.

The number of working women with children has increased dramatically in the past 20 years, increasing the demand for child care services to help working families secure and maintain their economic self-sufficiency. As more welfare families will be expected to seek and keep jobs, demand for child care services will increase. Because Congress is…

Making America Work. Productive People, Productive Policies. Follow-up Report 1988.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Governors' Association, Washington, DC.

The National Governors' Association's Making America Work initiative had a dual focus. Five task forces spent a year developing action agendas to address five barriers to self-sufficiency and productivity: teenage pregnancy, adult illiteracy, welfare dependency, alcohol and drug abuse, and dropping out of school. The second phase of the initiative…

The Value of Literacy. Working Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bulkeley, Christy C.

Literacy is a commodity of measurable value to those who acquire it. This proposition is easy to accept if the many benefits of acquiring literacy are considered: better jobs, more productive use of leisure time, greater self-sufficiency, increased ability to help one's children with school work and hobbies. The Gannett Foundation first became…

Work and Family Balance: How Community College Faculty Cope

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sallee, Margaret W.

2008-01-01

Although work-family balance policies are slowly becoming the norm at four-year institutions, they are not equally common at community colleges. In part, this discrepancy is due to the cost of providing assistance to faculty. Unlike community colleges, research institutions tend to have sufficient resources to offer accommodations for faculty,…

20 CFR 411.235 - What qualifications are required of a PM?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What qualifications are required of a PM? 411.235 Section 411.235 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Use of One or More Program Managers To Assist in Administration of the Ticket to Work...

Nurseries and Emotional Well-Being: Evaluating an Emotionally Containing Model of Professional Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elfer, Peter; Dearnley, Katy

2007-01-01

Despite official endorsement of attachment principles in nursery work, these are often not translated into nursery practice. One possible reason for this is that staff training does not sufficiently address the personal implications and anxieties that children's attachments may entail for practitioners. Working from a psychoanalytic perspective on…

7 CFR 1924.5 - Planning development work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... comply with Guide 3, “Quality and Performance Criteria for Moderate Rehabilitation,” of this subpart... source of the water supply, right to the use of the water, and the adequacy and quality of the supply. (f... will be sufficiently complete to avoid any misunderstanding as to extent, kind, and quality of work to...

20 CFR 411.655 - How will the PM refer the dispute to us?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false How will the PM refer the dispute to us? 411.655 Section 411.655 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Employment Networks and Program...

20 CFR 411.655 - How will the PM refer the dispute to us?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false How will the PM refer the dispute to us? 411.655 Section 411.655 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Employment Networks and Program...

20 CFR 411.655 - How will the PM refer the dispute to us?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How will the PM refer the dispute to us? 411.655 Section 411.655 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Employment Networks and Program...

20 CFR 411.655 - How will the PM refer the dispute to us?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false How will the PM refer the dispute to us? 411.655 Section 411.655 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Employment Networks and Program...

20 CFR 411.655 - How will the PM refer the dispute to us?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false How will the PM refer the dispute to us? 411.655 Section 411.655 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION THE TICKET TO WORK AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM Ticket to Work Program Dispute Resolution Disputes Between Employment Networks and Program...

The second law of thermodynamics and quantum heat engines: Is the law strictly enforced?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keefe, Peter D.

2010-01-01

A quantum heat engine is a construct having a working medium which is cyclically processed through a pair of control variables of state involving a Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in which a heat input is converted into a work output. Of interest is a first species of quantum heat engine in which the working medium is macroscopic in the sense the size scale is sufficiently large that the BEC is not volumetrically coherent. In this first species of quantum heat engine, near Carnot efficiencies may be possible. Of particular interest is a second species of quantum heat engine in which the working medium is mesoscopic in the sense that the size scale is sufficiently small that the BEC is volumetrically coherent. In this second species of quantum heat engine, the resulting in-process non-equilibrium condition affects the finally arrived at control variables of state such that Carnot efficiencies and beyond may be possible. A Type I superconductor is used to model the first and second species of quantum heat engine.

Thermionic Properties of Carbon Based Nanomaterials Produced by Microhollow Cathode PECVD

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haase, John R.; Wolinksy, Jason J.; Bailey, Paul S.; George, Jeffrey A.; Go, David B.

2015-01-01

Thermionic emission is the process in which materials at sufficiently high temperature spontaneously emit electrons. This process occurs when electrons in a material gain sufficient thermal energy from heating to overcome the material's potential barrier, referred to as the work function. For most bulk materials very high temperatures (greater than 1500 K) are needed to produce appreciable emission. Carbon-based nanomaterials have shown significant promise as emission materials because of their low work functions, nanoscale geometry, and negative electron affinity. One method of producing these materials is through the process known as microhollow cathode PECVD. In a microhollow cathode plasma, high energy electrons oscillate at very high energies through the Pendel effect. These high energy electrons create numerous radical species and the technique has been shown to be an effective method of growing carbon based nanomaterials. In this work, we explore the thermionic emission properties of carbon based nanomaterials produced by microhollow cathode PECVD under a variety of synthesis conditions. Initial studies demonstrate measureable current at low temperatures (approximately 800 K) and work functions (approximately 3.3 eV) for these materials.

30 CFR 229.124 - Documentation standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... goal of achieving proper documentation while maintaining sufficient flexibility. (1) All relevant... able to readily determine their purpose, the nature and scope of the work done, and the conclusions...

Diffusion cannot govern the discharge of neurotransmitter in fast synapses.

PubMed Central

Khanin, R; Parnas, H; Segel, L

1994-01-01

In the present work we show that diffusion cannot provide the observed fast discharge of neurotransmitter from a synaptic vesicle during neurotransmitter release, mainly because it is not sufficiently rapid nor is it sufficiently temperature-dependent. Modeling the discharge from the vesicle into the cleft as a continuous point source, we have determined that discharge should occur in 50-75 microseconds, to provide the observed high concentrations of transmitter at the critical zone. Images FIGURE 5 PMID:7811953

A Socio-Technical Analysis of Computer Application within the Fourth Marine Aircraft Wing.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-01

IDENTIFICATION NUMBER ORGANIZATION j I applicable) SC ADDRE SS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 10 SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERS PROGRAM IPROjECT ITASK WORK .jNIr... currently being- used is not sufficient to meet all the needs of 14tii MAW , Z0 11YR’UTiON /AVAILABILITY Of ABSTRACT 21 ABSTRACT SECURITY...implementation process currently being used is not sufficient to meet all the needs of 4th MAW units. This study identifies alternatives necessary to

CaFe2O4 as a self-sufficient solar energy converter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tablero, C.

2017-10-01

An ideal solar energy to electricity or fuel converter should work without the use of any external bias potential. An analysis of self-sufficiency when CaFe2O4 is used to absorb the sunlight is carried out based on the CaFe2O4 absorption coefficient. We started to obtain this coefficient theoretically within the experimental bandgap range in order to fix the interval of possible values of photocurrents, maximum absorption efficiencies, and photovoltages and thus that of self-sufficiency considering only the radiative processes. Also for single-gap CaFe2O4, we evaluate an alternative for increasing the photocurrent and maximum absorption efficiency based on inserting an intermediate band using high doping or alloying.

A Configurational Approach to the Relationship between High-Performance Work Practices and Frontline Health Care Worker Outcomes

PubMed Central

Chuang, Emmeline; Dill, Janette; Morgan, Jennifer Craft; Konrad, Thomas R

2012-01-01

Objective To identify high-performance work practices (HPWP) associated with high frontline health care worker (FLW) job satisfaction and perceived quality of care. Methods Cross-sectional survey data from 661 FLWs in 13 large health care employers were collected between 2007 and 2008 and analyzed using both regression and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Principal Findings Supervisor support and team-based work practices were identified as necessary for high job satisfaction and high quality of care but not sufficient to achieve these outcomes unless implemented in tandem with other HPWP. Several configurations of HPWP were associated with either high job satisfaction or high quality of care. However, only one configuration of HPWP was sufficient for both: the combination of supervisor support, performance-based incentives, team-based work, and flexible work. These findings were consistent even after controlling for FLW demographics and employer type. Additional research is needed to clarify whether HPWP have differential effects on quality of care in direct care versus administrative workers. Conclusions High-performance work practices that integrate FLWs in health care teams and provide FLWs with opportunities for participative decision making can positively influence job satisfaction and perceived quality of care, but only when implemented as bundles of complementary policies and practices. PMID:22224858

Self sufficient world

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

George, Lynn

1974-01-01

Described the efforts of Sietze Leeflang, a Dutch scientific journalist, and his group of young scientists to take a practical stand on environmental pollution by working their small farm in innovative fashion. (RK)

Characterization of low concentration uranium glass working materials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eppich, G. R.; Wimpenny, J. B.; Leever, M. E.

A series of uranium-doped silicate glasses were created at (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) LLNL, to be used as working reference material analogs for low uranium concentration research. Specifically, the aim of this effort was the generation of well-characterized glasses spanning a range of concentrations and compositions, and of sufficient homogeneity in uranium concentration and isotopic composition, for instrumentation research and development purposes. While the glasses produced here are not intended to replace or become standard materials for uranium concentration or uranium isotopic composition, it is hoped that they will help fill a current gap, providing low-level uranium glasses sufficient formore » methods development and method comparisons within the limitations of the produced glass suite. Glasses are available for research use by request.« less

Combustion of interacting droplet arrays in a microgravity environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dietrich, Daniel L.

1995-01-01

This research program involves the study of one and two dimensional arrays of droplets in a buoyant-free environment. The purpose of the work is to extend the database and theories that exist for single droplets into the regime where droplet interactions are important. The eventual goal being to use the results of this work as inputs to models on spray combustion where droplets seldom burn individually; instead the combustion history of a droplet is strongly influenced by the presence of the neighboring droplets. Throughout the course of the work, a number of related aspects of isolated droplet combustion have also been investigated. This paper will review our progress in microgravity droplet array combustion, advanced diagnostics (specifically L2) applied to isolated droplet combustion, and radiative extinction large droplet flames. A small-scale droplet combustion experiment being developed for the Space Shuttle will also be described.

High speed civil transport aerodynamic optimization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ryan, James S.

1994-01-01

This is a report of work in support of the Computational Aerosciences (CAS) element of the Federal HPCC program. Specifically, CFD and aerodynamic optimization are being performed on parallel computers. The long-range goal of this work is to facilitate teraflops-rate multidisciplinary optimization of aerospace vehicles. This year's work is targeted for application to the High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT), one of four CAS grand challenges identified in the HPCC FY 1995 Blue Book. This vehicle is to be a passenger aircraft, with the promise of cutting overseas flight time by more than half. To meet fuel economy, operational costs, environmental impact, noise production, and range requirements, improved design tools are required, and these tools must eventually integrate optimization, external aerodynamics, propulsion, structures, heat transfer, controls, and perhaps other disciplines. The fundamental goal of this project is to contribute to improved design tools for U.S. industry, and thus to the nation's economic competitiveness.

[Health surveillance of workers with prior exposure to asbestos. Application in the metallurgy/metal mechanical field].

PubMed

Rivolta, G; Della Foglia, M; Donelli, S; Riboldi, L

2006-01-01

To improve the health surveillance program for workers with a known previous exposure to asbestos in a big metallurgic-mechanical industry from Lombardy, the sources of risk and the different exposure levels hare been reconstructed based on specific jobs. The eligibility criteria and a specific work program including information and organization supports hare been established by a work group composed by health physicians, workers and industrial hygienists. The major goals of the program were: to listen and support each worker who perceives worries about his health status; to prevent, if possible, diseases, especially cancer, resulting from exposure; to document the existing injuries for legal compensation. The resulting actions consist of counselling; indication to follow an adequate life and work style; indication, based on specific request of worker, of sanitary checks of first or eventually second level.

Two men with multiple disabilities carry out an assembly work activity with the support of a technology system.

PubMed

Lancioni, Giulio E; Singh, Nirbhay N; O'Reilly, Mark F; Green, Vanessa A; Oliva, Doretta; Campodonico, Francesca

2013-10-01

To assess whether two persons with multiple disabilities could learn a work activity (i.e., assembling trolley wheels) with the support of a technology system. After an initial baseline, the study compared the effects of intervention sessions relying on the technology system (which called the participants to the different workstations and provided feedback and final stimulation) with the effects of intervention sessions carried out without technology. The two types of intervention sessions were conducted according to an alternating treatments design. Eventually, only intervention sessions relying on the technology system were used. Both participants managed to assemble wheels independently during intervention sessions relying on the technology system while they failed during sessions without the system. Their performance was strengthened during the final part of the study, in which only sessions with the system occurred. Technology may be critical in helping persons with multiple disabilities manage multi-step work activities.

Impact of bimetal electrodes on dielectric properties of TiO2 and Al-doped TiO2 films.

PubMed

Kim, Seong Keun; Han, Sora; Jeon, Woojin; Yoon, Jung Ho; Han, Jeong Hwan; Lee, Woongkyu; Hwang, Cheol Seong

2012-09-26

Rutile structured Al-doped TiO(2) (ATO) and TiO(2) films were grown on bimetal electrodes (thin Ru/thick TiN, Pt, and Ir) for high-performance capacitors. The work function of the top Ru layer decreased on TiN and increased on Pt and Ir when it was thinner than ~2 nm, suggesting that the lower metal within the electrodes influences the work function of the very thin Ru layer. The use of the lower electrode with a high work function for bottom electrode eventually improves the leakage current properties of the capacitor at a very thin Ru top layer (≤2 nm) because of the increased Schottky barrier height at the interface between the dielectric and the bottom electrode. The thin Ru layer was necessary to achieve the rutile structured ATO and TiO(2) dielectric films.

Michael Gottlieb Hansch (1683-1749), Ulrich Junius (1670-1726) and the attempt to edit the works and letters of Johannes Kepler. (German Title: Michael Gottlieb Hansch (1683-1749), Ulrich Junius (1670-1726) und der Versuch einer Edition der Werke und Briefe Johannes Keplers)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Döring, Detlef

Johannes Kepler's manuscripts which remained after his death suffered a troubled fate. It was not possible to collect them in Germany and to work with them systematically, because their importance was strikingly underestimated. Only at the beginning of the 18th century U. Junius in Leipzig tried unsuccessfully to collect and to publish the most important manuscripts. Afterwards M.G. Hansch took up this plan and pursued it until the end of his life. However, the only result was one volume with unpublished letters which appeared in 1718. The hoped-for collected works could not be realized. These events are described in detail, especially the efforts of Junius and Hansch as well as the opposition which eventually lead to a failure of both attempts.

Bifurcation and stability of single and multiple vortex rings in three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bisset, R. N.; Wang, Wenlong; Ticknor, C.

Here, we investigate how single- and multi-vortex-ring states can emerge from a planar dark soliton in three-dimensional (3D) Bose-Einstein condensates (confined in isotropic or anisotropic traps) through bifurcations. We characterize such bifurcations quantitatively using a Galerkin-type approach and find good qualitative and quantitative agreement with our Bogoliubov–de Gennes (BdG) analysis. We also systematically characterize the BdG spectrum of the dark solitons, using perturbation theory, and obtain a quantitative match with our 3D BdG numerical calculations. We then turn our attention to the emergence of single- and multi-vortex-ring states. We systematically capture these as stationary states of the system and quantifymore » their BdG spectra numerically. We found that although the vortex ring may be unstable when bifurcating, its instabilities weaken and may even eventually disappear for sufficiently large chemical potentials and suitable trap settings. For instance, we demonstrate the stability of the vortex ring for an isotropic trap in the large-chemical-potential regime.« less

An analytic resolution to the competition between Lyman-Werner radiation and metal winds in direct collapse black hole hosts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Agarwal, Bhaskar; Regan, John; Klessen, Ralf S.; Downes, Turlough P.; Zackrisson, Erik

2017-10-01

A near pristine atomic cooling halo close to a star forming galaxy offers a natural pathway for forming massive direct collapse black hole (DCBH) seeds, which could be the progenitors of the z > 6 redshift quasars. The close proximity of the haloes enables a sufficient Lyman-Werner flux to effectively dissociate H2 in the core of the atomic cooling halo. A mild background may also be required to delay star formation in the atomic cooling halo, often attributed to distant background galaxies. In this paper, we investigate the impact of metal pollution from both the background galaxies and the close star forming galaxy under extremely unfavourable conditions such as instantaneous metal mixing. We find that within the time window of DCBH formation, the level of pollution never exceeds the critical threshold (Zcr ˜ 1 × 10-5 Z⊙) and attains a maximum metallicity of Z ˜ 2 × 10- 6 Z⊙. As the system evolves, the metallicity eventually exceeds the critical threshold, long after the DCBH has formed.

Electrolytic pretreatment unit gaseous effluent conditioning

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Colombo, G. V.; Putnam, D. F.

1976-01-01

The electrolytic pretreatment of urine is an advanced process that eliminates the need for handling and storing the highly corrosive chemicals that are normally used in water reclamation systems. The electrolytic pretreatment process also converts the organic materials in urine to gases (N2 and O2) that can be used to replenish those lost to space by leakage, venting, and air lock operations. The electrolytic process is more than a pretreatment, since it decreases the urine solids content by approximately one third, thus reducing the load and eventual solids storage requirements of the urine processing system. The evolved gases from the pretreatment step cannot, however, be returned directly to the atmosphere of a spacecraft without first removing several impurities including hydrogen, chlorine, and certain organic compounds. A treatment concept was developed that would decrease the impurities in the gas stream that emanates from an electrolysis unit to levels sufficiently low to allow the conditioned gas stream to be safely discharged to a spacecraft atmosphere. Two methods were experimentally demonstrated that can accomplish the desired cleanup. The bases of the two methods are, repectively: (1) raw urine scrubbing and (2) silica gel sorption.

Analysis of Current-mode Detectors For Resonance Detection In Neutron Optics Time Reversal Symmetry Experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Forbes, Grant; Noptrex Collaboration

2017-09-01

One of the most promising explanations for the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry in our universe is the search for new sources of time-reversal (T) symmetry violation. The current amount of violation seen in the kaon and B-meson systems is not sufficient to describe this asymmetry. The Neutron Optics Time Reversal Experiment Collaboration (NOPTREX) is a null test for T violation in polarized neutron transmission through a polarized 139La target. Due to the high neutron flux needed for this experiment, as well as the ability to effectively subtract background noise, a current-mode neutron detector that can resolve resonances at epithermal energies has been proposed. In order to ascertain if this detector design would meet the requirements for the eventual NOPTREX experiment, prototypical detectors were tested at the NOBORU beam at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (JPARC) facility. Resonances in In and Ta were measured and the collected data was analyzed. This presentation will describe the analysis process and the efficacy of the detectors will be discussed. Department of Energy under Contract DE-SC0008107, UGRAS Scholarship.

Nanoparticles Containing Curcumin Useful for Suppressing Macrophages In Vivo in Mice

PubMed Central

Amano, Chie; Minematsu, Hideki; Fujita, Kazuyo; Iwashita, Shinki; Adachi, Masaki; Igarashi, Koichi; Hinuma, Shuji

2015-01-01

To explore a novel method using liposomes to suppress macrophages, we screened food constituents through cell culture assays. Curcumin was one of the strongest compounds exhibiting suppressive effects on macrophages. We subsequently tried various methods to prepare liposomal curcumin, and eventually succeeded in preparing liposomes with sufficient amounts of curcumin to suppress macrophages by incorporating a complex of curcumin and bovine serum albumin. The diameter of the resultant nanoparticles, the liposomes containing curcumin, ranged from 60 to 100 nm. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that after intraperitoneal administration of the liposomes containing curcumin into mice, these were incorporated mainly by macrophages positive for F4/80, CD36, and CD11b antigens. Peritoneal cells prepared from mice injected in vivo with the liposomes containing curcumin apparently decreased interleukin-6-producing activities. Major changes in body weight and survival rates in the mice were not observed after administrating the liposomes containing curcumin. These results indicate that the liposomes containing curcumin are safe and useful for the selective suppression of macrophages in vivo in mice. PMID:26361331

The maximum drag reduction asymptote

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choueiri, George H.; Hof, Bjorn

2015-11-01

Addition of long chain polymers is one of the most efficient ways to reduce the drag of turbulent flows. Already very low concentration of polymers can lead to a substantial drag and upon further increase of the concentration the drag reduces until it reaches an empirically found limit, the so called maximum drag reduction (MDR) asymptote, which is independent of the type of polymer used. We here carry out a detailed experimental study of the approach to this asymptote for pipe flow. Particular attention is paid to the recently observed state of elasto-inertial turbulence (EIT) which has been reported to occur in polymer solutions at sufficiently high shear. Our results show that upon the approach to MDR Newtonian turbulence becomes marginalized (hibernation) and eventually completely disappears and is replaced by EIT. In particular, spectra of high Reynolds number MDR flows are compared to flows at high shear rates in small diameter tubes where EIT is found at Re < 100. The research leading to these results has received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement n° [291734].

Comparison of one- and two-photon optical beam-induced current imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Chris; Denk, Winfried

1999-08-01

Optical beam induced current (OBIC) imaging through the backside of integrated circuits was investigated in the wavelength λ region from 1.15 to 1.26 μm. With a subpicosecond excitation source and approximately 1 mW at the sample, the two-photon contribution to the generated photocurrent dominates at λ=1.25 μm but becomes negligible for λ<1.18 μm. One-photon- (1P-) and two-photon- (2P-) OBIC images are very different. In the 1P case a strong contribution by scattered light to the carrier generation leads to an edge enhancement effect that is entirely missing when 2P excitation dominates. 2P-OBIC images often show supply-voltage dependent intensity steps that are much sharper than the optical resolution permits. The advantages of 2P-OBIC lie in the spatial confinement of the free carrier generation, a more relevant contrast mechanism, and the promise of a substantial increase in spatial resolution because of the quadratic intensity dependence and the possibility of using silicon solid immersion lenses, which could eventually provide resolution sufficient for circuits made by deep UV lithography.

Utility of Amplatzer Vascular Plug with Preoperative Common Hepatic Artery Embolization for Distal Pancreatectomy with En Bloc Celiac Axis Resection

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Toguchi, Masafumi, E-mail: e024163@yahoo.co.jp; Tsurusaki, Masakatsu; Numoto, Isao

PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility and safety of the Amplatzer vascular plug (AVP) for preoperative common hepatic embolization (CHA) before distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection (DP-CAR) to redistribute blood flow to the stomach and liver via the superior mesenteric artery (SMA).Materials and MethodsFour patients (3 males, 1 female; median age 69 years) with locally advanced pancreatic body cancer underwent preoperative CHA embolization with AVP. After embolization, SMA arteriography was performed to confirm the alteration of blood flow from the SMA to the proper hepatic artery.ResultsIn three of four patients, technical successes were achieved with sufficient margin from the originmore » of gastroduodenal artery. In one patient, the margin was less than 5 mm, although surgery was successfully performed without any problem. Eventually, all patients underwent the DP-CAR without arterial reconstruction or liver ischemia.ConclusionsAVP application is feasible and safe as an embolic procedure for preoperative CHA embolization of DP-CAR.« less

Air motion determination by tracking humidity patterns in isentropic layers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mancuso, R. L.; Hall, D. J.

1975-01-01

Determining air motions by tracking humidity patterns in isentropic layers was investigated. Upper-air rawinsonde data from the NSSL network and from the AVE-II pilot experiment were used to simulate temperature and humidity profile data that will eventually be available from geosynchronous satellites. Polynomial surfaces that move with time were fitted to the mixing-ratio values of the different isentropic layers. The velocity components of the polynomial surfaces are part of the coefficients that are determined in order to give an optimum fitting of the data. In the mid-troposphere, the derived humidity motions were in good agreement with the winds measured by rawinsondes so long as there were few or no clouds and the lapse rate was relatively stable. In the lower troposphere, the humidity motions were unreliable primarily because of nonadiabatic processes and unstable lapse rates. In the upper troposphere, the humidity amounts were too low to be measured with sufficient accuracy to give reliable results. However, it appears that humidity motions could be used to provide mid-tropospheric wind data over large regions of the globe.