Validation of Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF).

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-01-01

favorable comparison is that of the slow- down effect in performing a turn. From Figure 2.4 it is estimated that ship’s speed was reduced from an...initial speed of 17 knots to 6.6 knots. The data shown in Figure 2.3 for the CAORF ship indicate a reduction from an initial speed of 15 knots to 5.1 knots...follows: The ship is on a steady course at full sea speed . (Exact sea speed is optional.) At time zero, the rudder is put over 20 0 right. This is

Advancing dendrochronological studies of fire in the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Harley, Grant L.; Baisan, Christopher H.; Brown, Peter M.; Falk, Donald A.; Flatley, William T.; Grissino-Mayer, Henri D.; Hessl, Amy; Heyerdahl, Emily K.; Kaye, Margot W.; Lafon, Charles W.; Margolis, Ellis; Maxwell, R. Stockton; Naito, Adam T.; Platt, William J.; Rother, Monica T.; Saladyga, Thomas; Sherriff, Rosemary L.; Stachowiak, Lauren A.; Stambaugh, Michael C.; Sutherland, Elaine Kennedy; Taylor, Alan H.

2018-01-01

Dendroecology is the science that dates tree rings to their exact calendar year of formation to study processes that influence forest ecology (e.g., Speer 2010, Amoroso et al., 2017). Reconstruction of past fire regimes is a core application of dendroecology, linking fire history to population dynamics and climate effects on tree growth and survivorship. Since the early 20th century when dendrochronologists recognized that tree rings retained fire scars (e.g., Figure 1), and hence a record of past fires, they have conducted studies worldwide to reconstruct the historical range and variability of fire regimes (e.g., frequency, severity, seasonality, spatial extent), the influence of fire regimes on forest structure and ecosystem dynamics, and the top-down (e.g., climate) and bottom-up (e.g., fuels, topography) drivers of fire that operate at a range of temporal and spatial scales. As in other scientific fields, continued application of dendrochronological techniques to study fires has shaped new trajectories for the science. Here we highlight some important current directions in the United States (US) and call on our international colleagues to continue the conversation with perspectives from other countries.

The mathematization of biology and medicine: who, when, how? [Retrospectroscope].

PubMed

Valentinuzzi, Max; Kohen, Alberto

2013-01-01

One objective of bioengineering is the quantification of the biological and medical sciences, with the goal of improving their exactness and preciseness, always in an attempt to remove as many indeterminations and uncertainties as possible, especially when seeking predictions. The extract at the beginning of the column, which is attributed to Leonardo da Vinci, seems to reflect a very early Renaissance concept in such a direction; this concept is indeed more general because it encompasses all the sciences [1]. The famous Vitruvian Man, so many times reproduced on book covers and posters, appears perhaps as an anticipatory geometrical epitome of that modern recent aim (Figure 1). However, 200 years before da Vinci was Ramon Llull (ca. 1232-1315), a Majorcan philosopher, member of the Third Order of Saint Francis, and author of important works of Catalan literature. Lull is considered by some to be a pioneer of computation theory because of his contributions to logics. Should he also be considered a very early predecessor of biomathematics? We leave this question dangling for the historian and/or the philosopher of history. In Spain, there is a journal carrying his name, Llull (see [12]).

Accessing the elite figured world of science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chaffee, Rachel; Gupta, Preeti

2018-06-01

This review explores Jackson and Seiler's "I am smart enough to study postsecondary science: A critical discourse analysis of latecomers' identity construction in an online forum" by considering the analytic framework for figured worlds guiding this study. We consider the specific affordances of cultural production theory for examining how sociohistorical and cultural discourses of science as elite impact individuals at every level of education. We then extend this discussion by exploring how an informal learning space at a prestigious science museum was designed to explicitly tackle cultural discourses of science as elite that act as barriers to identification with science.

Public Sector Employee Assistance Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kemp, Donna R.; Verlinde, Beverly

This document discusses employee assistance programs (EAPs), programs which have been developed to help employees deal with personal problems that seriously affect job performance. It reviews literature which specifically addresses EAPs in the public sector, noting that there are no exact figures on how many public entities have EAPs. Previous…

Atlas 1.1 Implementation Guide: Moving from Theory into Practice

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-01-16

Math /Science/General Engienering...six proficiency areas based on the Helix interview data, as shown in Figure 6 below. Figure 6. Proficiency Areas for Systems Engineers 1. Math ...the problem domain and solution Math / Science / General Engineering System’s Domain & Opera:onal Context Systems Engineering

Exact periodic cross-kink wave solutions for the new (2+1)-dimensional KdV equation in fluid flows and plasma physics.

PubMed

Liu, Jian-Guo; Du, Jian-Qiang; Zeng, Zhi-Fang; Ai, Guo-Ping

2016-10-01

The Korteweg-de Vries (KdV)-type models have been shown to describe many important physical situations such as fluid flows, plasma physics, and solid state physics. In this paper, a new (2 + 1)-dimensional KdV equation is discussed. Based on the Hirota's bilinear form and a generalized three-wave approach, we obtain new exact solutions for the new (2 + 1)-dimensional KdV equation. With the help of symbolic computation, the properties for some new solutions are presented with some figures.

An automated process for generating archival data files from MATLAB figures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wallace, G. M.; Greenwald, M.; Stillerman, J.

2016-10-01

A new directive from the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy requires that all publications supported by federal funding agencies (e.g. Department of Energy Office of Science, National Science Foundation) include machine-readable datasets for figures and tables. An automated script was developed at the PSFC to make this process easier for authors using the MATLAB plotting environment to create figures. All relevant data (x, y, z, errorbars) and metadata (line style, color, symbol shape, labels) are contained within the MATLAB .fig file created when saving a figure. The export_fig script extracts data and metadata from a .fig file and exports it into an HDF5 data file with no additional user input required. Support is included for a number of plot types including 2-D and 3-D line, contour, and surface plots, quiver plots, bar graphs, and histograms. This work supported by US Department of Energy cooperative agreement DE-FC02-99ER54512 using the Alcator C-Mod tokamak, a DOE Office of Science user facility.

An Experimental Approach to Determine the Flight Dynamics of NASA’s Mars Science Lab Capsule

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

simulated trajectories...........................................................................................10 Figure 13. Height vs . range from...Height vs . range from tracking radar. ...........................................................................24 Figure 31. Drift vs . range from...tracking radar. ..............................................................................24 vi Figure 32. In-bore axial acceleration vs . time

Erwin Schrödinger's Poetry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sofronieva, Tzveta

2014-01-01

Many of the major figures in the history of science have produced literary works, but the relationship between their poetic texts and their scientific work is often underestimated. This paper illuminates the poetry of Erwin Schrödinger--one of the premier figures in twentieth-century science, and an accomplished poet in both English and his native…

Statistical Signal Processing for Remote Sensing of Targets: Proposal for Terrestrial Science Program

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-11-14

responses from any analyte under consideration. Figure 1 illustrates this behavior. Figure 1: LIBS spectra from OVA (ricin simulant) on...illustrates this behavior. Figure 1: LIBS spectra from OVA (ricin simulant) on several different substrates: steel, aluminum, and polycarbonate

Potholes in the Road to Virtual Schooling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glass, Gene V.

2010-01-01

Virtual schooling is a rapidly growing and, to many, an increasingly troubling phenomenon. In a decade, online education has grown from being a novelty act to an established mode of education, consisting of asynchronous, computer-mediated interaction between a teacher and students over the Internet. Although exact figures are hard to come by,…

The Birth of Rethinking Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peterson, Bob

2011-01-01

The author often says that Rethinking Schools began on his kitchen table with a can of rubber cement and an Apple IIe computer. But that's not exactly true. In some ways the publication started a year and half earlier in a study group of teachers and community activists who were struggling to figure out how to apply a generally progressive,…

Science 101: How Does the Motion of the Earth Affect Our View of the Sun?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robertson, Bill

2014-01-01

The question examined in this "Science 101" column was inspired by "Find Your School's Analemma" (in this issue). What causes the Sun's apparent position in the sky to trace a figure-eight pattern throughout one year? The analemma, or figure eight pattern that the Sun makes throughout the year, is due to two major…

Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Future Strategic Strike Skills

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-01

25 Figure 11: Re - entry Systems – Critical Skills...SKILLS___________________________________________________25 Figure 9: Guidance – Critical Skills Figure 10: Re - entry Systems – Critical Skills ICBMS/BASING...ability to survive intercontinental ballistic missile re - entry and then to operate effectively thereafter, is another area where current skills are

Visual Form Perception Can Be a Cognitive Correlate of Lower Level Math Categories for Teenagers.

PubMed

Cui, Jiaxin; Zhang, Yiyun; Cheng, Dazhi; Li, Dawei; Zhou, Xinlin

2017-01-01

Numerous studies have assessed the cognitive correlates of performance in mathematics, but little research has been conducted to systematically examine the relations between visual perception as the starting point of visuospatial processing and typical mathematical performance. In the current study, we recruited 223 seventh graders to perform a visual form perception task (figure matching), numerosity comparison, digit comparison, exact computation, approximate computation, and curriculum-based mathematical achievement tests. Results showed that, after controlling for gender, age, and five general cognitive processes (choice reaction time, visual tracing, mental rotation, spatial working memory, and non-verbal matrices reasoning), visual form perception had unique contributions to numerosity comparison, digit comparison, and exact computation, but had no significant relation with approximate computation or curriculum-based mathematical achievement. These results suggest that visual form perception is an important independent cognitive correlate of lower level math categories, including the approximate number system, digit comparison, and exact computation.

Before Nugent took charge: early efforts to reform chiropractic education, 1919-1941

PubMed Central

Keating, Joseph C

2003-01-01

John J. Nugent, D.C. is remembered by many as either the “Abraham Flexner of Chiropractic” or the “anti-Christ of Chiropractic.” From 1941 until his forced retirement in 1959, the Irish-born Palmer graduate was one of the most important factors in the profession's educational reforms. Yet Nugent's work as the National Chiropractic Association's (NCA's) director of research was not the beginning of the campaign to upgrade chiropractic education. This paper looks at earlier influences and events which set the stage for Nugent's campaign. Among these were the introduction of licensure for chiropractors, the self-defeating actions of B.J. Palmer, the introduction of basic science legislation, the lethargy of the schools, and the struggle for control of education between the schools, on the one hand, and the NCA and the Council of State Chiropractic Examining Boards on the other ImagesFigure 1Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5Figure 6Figure 7Figure 9Figure 10Figure 11Figure 12Figure 13Figure 14Figure 15Figure 16Figure 17Figure 18Figure 19Figure 20Figure 21Figure 22Figure 23Figure 24Figure 25Figure 26Figure 28Figure 29Figure 30Figure 31Figure 32Figure 33Figure 34Figure 35Figure 36Figure 37Figure 38

Data Science and its Relationship to Big Data and Data-Driven Decision Making.

PubMed

Provost, Foster; Fawcett, Tom

2013-03-01

Companies have realized they need to hire data scientists, academic institutions are scrambling to put together data-science programs, and publications are touting data science as a hot-even "sexy"-career choice. However, there is confusion about what exactly data science is, and this confusion could lead to disillusionment as the concept diffuses into meaningless buzz. In this article, we argue that there are good reasons why it has been hard to pin down exactly what is data science. One reason is that data science is intricately intertwined with other important concepts also of growing importance, such as big data and data-driven decision making. Another reason is the natural tendency to associate what a practitioner does with the definition of the practitioner's field; this can result in overlooking the fundamentals of the field. We believe that trying to define the boundaries of data science precisely is not of the utmost importance. We can debate the boundaries of the field in an academic setting, but in order for data science to serve business effectively, it is important (i) to understand its relationships to other important related concepts, and (ii) to begin to identify the fundamental principles underlying data science. Once we embrace (ii), we can much better understand and explain exactly what data science has to offer. Furthermore, only once we embrace (ii) should we be comfortable calling it data science. In this article, we present a perspective that addresses all these concepts. We close by offering, as examples, a partial list of fundamental principles underlying data science.

ESPN2 Sports Figures Makes Math and Physics a Ball! 1996-97 Educator's Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rusczyk, Richard; Lehoczky, Sandor

This guide is designed to accompany ESPN's SportsFigures video segments which were created to enhance the interest and learning progress of high school students in mathematics, physics, and physical science. Using actual, re-enacted, or staged events, the problems presented in each of the 16 Sports Figures segments illustrate the relationship…

Anania Shirakatsi's Life and Activities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nazaryan, L. S.

2014-10-01

Anania Shirakatsi is one of the greatest scientists who made an important contribution to the field of exact sciences in Armenia, a brilliant scientist and philosopher of the 7th century; actually the founder of exact sciences in Armenian reality. Unfortunately, out of Shirakatsi's rich heritage only some fragments of his works in the fields of Mathematics, Cosmography, Calendarology, Metrology, which are of great value for the history of exact sciences, got to us. There is a valuable source about Anania Shirakatsi's life and work; the author has left his autobiography. From Shirakatsi's autobiography we learn that he was born in the village Aneank (Shirakavan) at the beginning of the 7th century. He got his elementary education in the local monastery school, later being eager to improve his knowledge, he went to West Armenia. He had to travel a lot about West Armenia seeking an advanced specialist in Mathematics. He was leaving for Constantinople but on his way to Signup he learns that in Trapeze a great Greek scientist, Tyukhik lives: "a wise man, popular with the kings, an expert on Armenian Language and Literature". Shirakatsi changed his way and went to Trapeze. Shirakatsi had been at Tyukhik's school for 8 years; he became proficient in exact science and came back to his native land with rich knowledge base. Here he opened a school and devoted himself to teaching and research. He wrote research works in Astronomy, Mathematics, Geography, Calendarology, Metrology and in other fields of science.

Exact formulas for multipole moments using Slater-type molecular orbitals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, H. W.

1986-01-01

A triple infinite sum of formulas expressed as an expansion in Legendre polynomials is generated by use of computer algebra to represent the potential from the midpoint of two Slater-type orbitals; the charge density that determines the potential is given as the product of the two orbitals. An example using 1s orbitals shows that only a few terms are needed to obtain four-figure accuracy. Exact formulas are obtained for multipole moments by means of a careful study of expanded formulas, allowing an 'extrapolation to infinity'. This Loewdin alpha-function approach augmented by using a C matrix to characterize Slater-type orbitals can be readily generalized to all cases.

The Lightening Veil: Language Revitalization in Wales

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Colin H.

2014-01-01

The Welsh language, which is indigenous to Wales, is one of six Celtic languages. It is spoken by 562,000 speakers, 19% of the population of Wales, according to the 2011 U.K. Census, and it is estimated that it is spoken by a further 200,000 residents elsewhere in the United Kingdom. No exact figures exist for the undoubted thousands of other…

100 most powerful.

PubMed

Romano, Michael

2002-08-26

Compiling a list of the 100 Most Powerful People in Healthcare requires some contemplation. Exactly what is power in this industry? C. Thomas Smith, president and CEO of VHA, calls power simply "the ability to make a difference." The influential figures chosen by Modern Healthcare readers represent a broadly varied and diverse group of movers and shakers. But they share the ability to change things.

Vanishing Boundaries between Science and Art: Modelling Effective Middle Years of Schooling Practice in Pre-Service Science Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paige, Kathryn; Whitney, John

2008-01-01

This paper describes an innovation in science pre-service education that endeavours to increase student engagement in learning and doing science in the middle years through integrating science, mathematics and art. (Contains 8 figures.)

Limited proteolysis of rat liver nucleolin by endogenous proteases: effects of polyamines and histones.

PubMed Central

Suzuki, T; Suzuki, N; Hosoya, T

1993-01-01

Nucleolin is a major nucleolar phosphoprotein and is presumably involved in rDNA transcription and ribosome biosynthesis. This protein is known to be very labile and to be cleaved by endogenous proteases into many small peptides. We found that, when rat liver nucleolar suspension (Nu-1) or nucleolin-rich extract (Nu-2) was incubated under conventional conditions, polyamines and histones interacted with the nucleolin to lead to its preferential degradation to 60 kDa phosphopeptide (p60). The peptide p60 was identified as a peptide containing the N-terminal half of the nucleolin molecule, as judged from peptide-map analysis. Whereas spermine binding to the purified nucleolin was decreased by KCl concentrations above 50 mM, histones (H1, H2B and H3) were able to bind to the nucleolin in the presence of up to 300 mM KCl. A distinct difference between H1 and other histones was found in that H1 could produce p60 from nucleolin in both Nu-1 and Nu-2, whereas H2B and H3 stimulated the degradation of nucleolin to p60 only when Nu-2 was used for the source of nucleolin. A possible relationship between p60 formation and rRNA synthesis is discussed, but its exact role remains to be studied. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 PMID:8424749

[Hans Gross and the beginning of criminology on a scientific basis].

PubMed

Bachhiesl, Christian

2007-01-01

Modern criminology--if one wants to consider it a separate scientific discipline at all--is usually perceived as being mainly influenced by the methods of natural sciences supplemented by components from the field of psychology, which, at least in some of its conceptions, tends to define itself as a natural science, too. If we take a look at the history of science, we will see development of criminology in this direction was not necessarily inevitable. The scientific work of the Austrian Hans Gross (1847-1915), one of the founding fathers of scientific criminology, serves as an example of the way how natural sciences and their exact methods became established in the methodological apparatus of modern criminology, although in praxi his claim for the application of exact methods was all too often replaced by irrational and intuitive ways of working. Still, Hans Gross' fundamental decision for the exact methods derived from the natural sciences is an important step towards a criminology that can be understood as a part of natural sciences, largely superseding the methods of cultural sciences and anthropological philosophy. This approach made the (criminal) human being an object of measurement and can result in the concept of man as a mere phenomenon of quantity. This is, on the one hand, ethically questionable; on the other hand, it made modern criminology more efficient and successful.

Optimizing Spectroscopic and Photometric Galaxy Surveys: Same-Sky Benefits for Dark Energy and Modified Gravity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kirk, Donnacha; Lahav, Ofer; Bridle, Sarah

The combination of multiple cosmological probes can produce measurements of cosmological parameters much more stringent than those possible with any individual probe. We examine the combination of two highly correlated probes of late-time structure growth: (i) weak gravitational lensing from a survey with photometric redshifts and (ii) galaxy clustering and redshift space distortions from a survey with spectroscopic redshifts. We choose generic survey designs so that our results are applicable to a range of current and future photometric redshift (e.g. KiDS, DES, HSC, Euclid) and spectroscopic redshift (e.g. DESI, 4MOST, Sumire) surveys. Combining the surveys greatly improves their power tomore » measure both dark energy and modified gravity. An independent, non-overlapping combination sees a dark energy figure of merit more than 4 times larger than that produced by either survey alone. The powerful synergies between the surveys are strongest for modified gravity, where their constraints are orthogonal, producing a non-overlapping joint figure of merit nearly 2 orders of magnitude larger than either alone. Our projected angular power spectrum formalism makes it easy to model the cross-correlation observable when the surveys overlap on the sky, producing a joint data vector and full covariance matrix. We calculate a same-sky improvement factor, from the inclusion of these cross-correlations, relative to non-overlapping surveys. We find nearly a factor of 4 for dark energy and more than a factor of 2 for modified gravity. The exact forecast figures of merit and same-sky benefits can be radically affected by a range of forecasts assumption, which we explore methodically in a sensitivity analysis. We show that that our fiducial assumptions produce robust results which give a good average picture of the science return from combining photometric and spectroscopic surveys.« less

Relation between the chord length distribution of an infinitely long cylinder and that of its base

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sukiasian, H. S.; Gille, Wilfried

2007-05-01

Chord length distributions are defined for planar and spatial geometric figures. There exist connections between the planar and the spatial cases: The chord length distribution densities (CLDs) of a cylinder B and its base S (the cylinder's orthogonal cross section) are interrelated by a simple, surveyable integral transformation. From this transformation, it was concluded that the odd moments of the CLD f(x ) of S define the leading asymptotic terms of the CLD Aμ(r) of B. The power series of Aμ(r) at r =0 can be traced back to the derivatives of f(x ) in the origin. As a general conclusion, there exist different geometric bodies B in R3 with the same CLD Aμ(r). An exact recognition of B via its CLD is not possible. CLDs do not characterize spatial sets. This result is of importance in materials science in order to avoid wrong interpretations in structure research. The new CLD integral transformation has been illustrated in connection with the transitions triangle→triangular rod and rectangle→rectangular rod.

Reinventing the Science Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bybee, Rodger W.; Van Scotter, Pamela

2007-01-01

For many, the dominant model of curriculum development in science includes generating a topic, clarifying science content, identifying activities associated with the topic, and figuring out an assessment. Unfortunately, this approach tends to overemphasize activities and underemphasize mastery of science concepts and the process of scientific…

Three-Dimensional Instruction: Using a New Type of Teaching in the Science Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krajcik, Joe

2015-01-01

Science teaching and learning in the United States are at a pivotal point. "A Framework for K-12 Science Education" (NRC 2012b) and the "Next Generation Science Standards" ("NGSS"; NGSS Lead States 2013) shift science educators' focus from simply teaching science ideas to helping students figure out phenomena and…

Diffraction gratings used as identifying markers

DOEpatents

Deason, V.A.; Ward, M.B.

1991-03-26

A finely detailed diffraction grating is applied to an object as an identifier or tag which is unambiguous, difficult to duplicate, or remove and transfer to another item, and can be read and compared with prior readings with relative ease. The exact pattern of the diffraction grating is mapped by diffraction moire techniques and recorded for comparison with future readings of the same grating. 7 figures.

"Happier than Ever to Be Exactly What He Was": Reflections on, "Shrek," Fiona and the Magic Mirrors of Commodity Culture,

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roberts, Lewis

2014-01-01

This article compares the models of subjectivity and identity in William Steig's 1990 picture book "Shrek!" and in DreamWorks' "Shrek" films. Steig presented his ogre hero as a model of the crises of subjectivity all children must face, and then reassured readers by showing how even a hideous figure such as…

A Workshop on Family Impact Analysis for the Research Forum of the White House Conference on Families.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hubbell, Ruth

Family impact analyses are focused on one basic question: What will a given law, policy or practice do to families? There are two major activities in the process of analyzing family impact that has been developed by participants in the Family Impact Seminar: the first involves figuring out exactly how a law, policy, or system under study actually…

Lumber grades from young-growth Douglas-fir.

Treesearch

E.E. Matson

1952-01-01

Young Douglas-fir timber is known to produce much No. 1 Common and Better lumber but, little or no clear lumber. The volume of lumber produced from young-growth timber has become a sizable part of the cut from the Douglas-fir region of Oregon and Washington. No exact figures are available, but it is estimated that more than one-fourth of the lumber produced from this...

Figure_2_data

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Data for Figure 2This dataset is associated with the following publication:Sarwar, G., D. Kang, K. Foley, D. Schwede, B. Gantt, and R. Mathur. Technical note: Examining ozone deposition over seawater. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 141: 255–262, (2016).

Francis Bacon and the Historiography of Scientific Rhetoric.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zappen, James P.

1989-01-01

Reviews three twentieth-century interpretations of Francis Bacon's science and rhetoric: positivistic science and the plain style; institutionalized science and its more highly figured style; and democratic science. Presents the author's own interpretation, and concludes that each interpretation reflects different perceptions of the good of the…

Teaching the "Geo" in Geography with the Next Generation Science Standards

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wysession, Michael E.

2016-01-01

The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS; Achieve 2014, 532; Figure 1A) represent a new approach to K-12 science education that involves the interweaving of three educational dimensions: Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs), Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs), and Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs). Unlike most preexisting state science standards for…

Visual Form Perception Can Be a Cognitive Correlate of Lower Level Math Categories for Teenagers

PubMed Central

Cui, Jiaxin; Zhang, Yiyun; Cheng, Dazhi; Li, Dawei; Zhou, Xinlin

2017-01-01

Numerous studies have assessed the cognitive correlates of performance in mathematics, but little research has been conducted to systematically examine the relations between visual perception as the starting point of visuospatial processing and typical mathematical performance. In the current study, we recruited 223 seventh graders to perform a visual form perception task (figure matching), numerosity comparison, digit comparison, exact computation, approximate computation, and curriculum-based mathematical achievement tests. Results showed that, after controlling for gender, age, and five general cognitive processes (choice reaction time, visual tracing, mental rotation, spatial working memory, and non-verbal matrices reasoning), visual form perception had unique contributions to numerosity comparison, digit comparison, and exact computation, but had no significant relation with approximate computation or curriculum-based mathematical achievement. These results suggest that visual form perception is an important independent cognitive correlate of lower level math categories, including the approximate number system, digit comparison, and exact computation. PMID:28824513

Juicebox.js Provides a Cloud-Based Visualization System for Hi-C Data.

PubMed

Robinson, James T; Turner, Douglass; Durand, Neva C; Thorvaldsdóttir, Helga; Mesirov, Jill P; Aiden, Erez Lieberman

2018-02-28

Contact mapping experiments such as Hi-C explore how genomes fold in 3D. Here, we introduce Juicebox.js, a cloud-based web application for exploring the resulting datasets. Like the original Juicebox application, Juicebox.js allows users to zoom in and out of such datasets using an interface similar to Google Earth. Juicebox.js also has many features designed to facilitate data reproducibility and sharing. Furthermore, Juicebox.js encodes the exact state of the browser in a shareable URL. Creating a public browser for a new Hi-C dataset does not require coding and can be accomplished in under a minute. The web app also makes it possible to create interactive figures online that can complement or replace ordinary journal figures. When combined with Juicer, this makes the entire process of data analysis transparent, insofar as every step from raw reads to published figure is publicly available as open source code. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program Report to Congress: An Integrated Assessment

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-01-01

tion, Title IV includes a market-based program that provides economic incentives (CENR) of the National Science and Technology Council. for...Eastern United States Figure 19. Comparison of annual ambient nitrate (NO3 -) concentrations in rural Eastern United States Figure 20. Comparison... nitrate (NO3 -) deposition in the United States Figure 24. Comparison of annual concentrations of nitrate (NO3 -) in wet deposition in the United States

Applications of Mental Rotation Figures of the Shepard and Metzler Type and Description of a Mental Rotation Stimulus Library

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peters, Michael; Battista, Christian

2008-01-01

The 3D cube figures used by Shepard and Metzler [Shepard, R. N., & Metzler, J. (1971). "Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects." "Science," 171, 701-703] have been applied in a broad range of studies on mental rotation. This note provides a brief background on these figures, their general use in cognitive psychology and their role in…

From EUCLID to Ptolemy in English Crop Circles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hawkins, G. S.

1997-12-01

The late Lord Soli Zuckerman, science advisor to several British governments, encouraged the author, an astronomer, to test the theory that all crop circles were made by hoaxers. Within the hundreds of formations in Southern England he saw a thread of surprising historical content at the intellectual level of College Dons. One diagram in celestial mechanics involved triple conjunctions of Mercury, Venus and Mars every 67 2/3 years. Ptolemy's fourth musical scale, tense diatonic, occurred in the circles during the period 1978-88. Starting on E, Ptolemaic ratios make our perfect diatonic scale of white notes on the keyboard of the piano or church organ. For separated circles the ratio was given by diameters, and for concentric circles it was diameters squared. A series of rotationally symmetric figures began in 1988 which combined Ptolemy's ratios with Euclid's theorems. In his last plane theorem, Euclid (Elements 13,12) proved that the square on the side of an equilateral triangle is 3 times the square on the circum-circle radius -- diatonic note G(2). From the 1988 figure one can prove the square on the side is 16/3 times the square on the semi-altitude, giving note F(3). Later rotational figures over the next 5 years led to diatonic ratios for the hexagon, square and triangle. They gave with the exactness of Euclidean theorems the notes F, C(2) and E(2), and they are the only regular polygons to do so. Although these 4 crop theorems derive from Euclid, they were previously unknown as a set in the literature, nor had the Ptolemaic connection been published. Professional magazines asked the readers to provide a fifth theorem that would generate the above 4 theorems, but none was forthcoming. Ultimately the cicle makers showed knowledge of this generating theorem using a 200-ft design at Litchfield, Hampshire. After 1993, rotationally symmetric geometries continued to appear, but with much more complicated patterns. One design showed 6 crescent moons in a hexagon with cusps set on 2 concentric circles defining the note A(2). Here the mathematical level required application of Ptolemy's famous theorem of chords to confirm the A(2) ratio of exactly 10/3. The chords were the side of a hexagon joined to the side of a pentagon. We confirm Zuckerman's suggestion that there is a strong thread of expertise in the phenomenon worthy of scientific interest, and it spans a 20-year period. He asks: Why do they use a wheat field, and "how do they maintain their hidden identities?" Their type of knowledge rests in the past, and is not frequently found in the contemporary educational system.

Megafans and Trumpeter Bird Biodiversity-Psophia Phylogeography and Landscape Evolution in Amazonia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilkinson, Justin

2014-01-01

Based on geomorphic character and mapped geology, geologists have interpreted the landscape surrounding the Andes Mountains as becoming progressively younger to the East. These sedimentary materials filled the late Miocene swampland that formerly occupied central and western Amazonia. Apart from the ancient landscapes of the Guiana Highlands (top right, figure 1a), Zone Ac is the oldest, followed by Zone Aw, within which megafan Jw is older than megafan Je (figure 1a). DNA-based paleogeography of the trumpeters shows that younger clades diverge from parent lineages with increasing distance from the Andes chain. Thus, Psophia napensis diverges from the P. crepitans parent, and P. ochroptera diverges from P. napensis. The P. ochroptera population is confined solely to the Je megafan (figure 1a). The same trend is seen on the south side of the Amazon depression. Since the timing of the events seems to be of exactly the same order [post-Miocene for the land surfaces and trumpeter divergence within the last 3 million years (figure 1d)], it seems reasonable to think that the megafans provided the substrate on which new bird lineages could speciate. Such physical controls of evolution are becoming more important in the understanding of biodiversity.

Extracting data from figures with software was faster, with higher interrater reliability than manual extraction.

PubMed

Jelicic Kadic, Antonia; Vucic, Katarina; Dosenovic, Svjetlana; Sapunar, Damir; Puljak, Livia

2016-06-01

To compare speed and accuracy of graphical data extraction using manual estimation and open source software. Data points from eligible graphs/figures published in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 2009 to 2014 were extracted by two authors independently, both by manual estimation and with the Plot Digitizer, open source software. Corresponding authors of each RCT were contacted up to four times via e-mail to obtain exact numbers that were used to create graphs. Accuracy of each method was compared against the source data from which the original graphs were produced. Software data extraction was significantly faster, reducing time for extraction for 47%. Percent agreement between the two raters was 51% for manual and 53.5% for software data extraction. Percent agreement between the raters and original data was 66% vs. 75% for the first rater and 69% vs. 73% for the second rater, for manual and software extraction, respectively. Data extraction from figures should be conducted using software, whereas manual estimation should be avoided. Using software for data extraction of data presented only in figures is faster and enables higher interrater reliability. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Quetelet and the emergence of the behavioral sciences.

PubMed

Jahoda, Gustav

2015-01-01

Adolphe Quetelet was one of the most prominent figures of the second half of the nineteenth century, yet in present-day histories of several social sciences the impact of his ideas is widely ignored. The first part consists of a sketch of his life and work. Astronomer and statistician, he sought to apply the mathematical tools of astronomy to create was has been called a 'mathematics of society'. In particular he demonstrated regularities in the incidence of various social phenomena, notably crime, whose implications were widely debated. In the second part the influence he exerted on some key figures in the then emerging social sciences is traced in some detail; these figures include Durkheim, Galton, Marx, and Tylor. He also advocated the wider use of statistics and his call had a powerful impact on the then emerging fields such as administration, economics, sociology and psychology. He influenced some of his most famous contemporaries, including Florence Nightingale, Karl Marx and Francis Galton.

A Computer Graphics Human Figure Application Of Biostereometrics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fetter, William A.

1980-07-01

A study of improved computer graphic representation of the human figure is being conducted under a National Science Foundation grant. Special emphasis is given biostereometrics as a primary data base from which applications requiring a variety of levels of detail may be prepared. For example, a human figure represented by a single point can be very useful in overview plots of a population. A crude ten point figure can be adequate for queuing theory studies and simulated movement of groups. A one hundred point figure can usefully be animated to achieve different overall body activities including male and female figures. A one thousand point figure si-milarly animated, begins to be useful in anthropometrics and kinesiology gross body movements. Extrapolations of this order-of-magnitude approach ultimately should achieve very complex data bases and a program which automatically selects the correct level of detail for the task at hand. See Summary Figure 1.

Aspheric figure generation using feedback from an infrared phase-shifting interferometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stahl, H. P.; Ketelsen, D.

An infrared phase-shifting interferometric system has been integrated with a novel optical figure generator at the University of Arizona Optical Sciences Center. This unique generator facility can produce generalized axially symmetric surface figures in a timely and cost-effective manner. The success of this facility depends on both its ability to efficiently remove material while forming the surface figure, and its ability to monitor the surface figure during the generation process to provide feedback to the optician. The facility has been used on several occasions to custom-generate off-axis parabolic segments. Figures to within 0.30 microns rms of the desired figure have been obtained. This paper discusses the usefulness of the infrared phase-shifting interferometric system for providing figure correcting feedback to the optician during the generation of the off-axis parabolic segments, and how it is affected by the surface roughness produced by each generator tool.

A Science Lab by Any Other Name Would Smell as Sweet--But Would It Be as Safe?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roy, Ken

2011-01-01

In building projects or renovations, architects and administrators tend to label the science instructional space as a "science classroom," as opposed to a "science laboratory." What exactly is a science classroom, and what is a science laboratory? According to OSHA's Laboratory Standard (OSHA #29 CFR part 1910.1450), "laboratory" means a facility…

JPRS Report, Epidemiology.

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-07-19

diagnoses as "endemic complacentitis." Chicken pox has persisted well past its seasonal limits. Since it is a non-notifiable disease, exact...Diseases comparative figures for the first four months of 1988 and 1989 show a worri- some graph. The hospital admitted 1,935 chicken pox patients last...PAULO, 20 Jun 89] 13 Leprosy Incidence Fourth Highest in World [Rio de Janiero O GLOBO, 3 May 89] 14 MEXICO African Bees Kill Farm Animals in

High Yield Strength Cast Steel With Improved Weldability

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-05-01

Transformation ( CCT ) diagram presented in Figure 25. It is clear that these low carbon steels generally will produce martensite and~or bainite over a very wide...microstructure. The CCT diagram developed from the Gleeble evaluations appears to indicate a martensite start (MJ temperature of approximately 800° F...Regardless of the exact identity of the transformation products, the CCT diagram contains the features desired for the experimental alloy system

Revealing the Gag Itinerary: How HIV is Transmitted One Cell at a Time | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

Although person-to-person transmission of HIV has been well understood for years, researchers are still trying to figure out exactly how the virus moves from one cell to another. Researchers have delineated the steps and key players involved in the generation of HIV particles inside infected (host) cells. However, the precise location of virus assembly inside these cells and

The Role of Science and Discovery Centres in the Public Understanding of Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Short, Daniel B.; Weis, Nicole

2013-01-01

The number of science and discovery centres has grown exponentially over the last two centuries. Science and discovery centres are one of the top five stimuli that influence a career choice in science. Their history, growth, impact and role in the public understanding of science are discussed. (Contains 2 tables, 7 figures, and 21 online…

CTE Solvability, Exact Solutions and Nonlocal Symmetries of the Sharma-Tasso-Olver Equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pu, Huan; Jia, Man

2015-12-01

In this letter, we prove that the STO equation is CTE solvable and obtain the exact solutions of solitons fission and fusion. We also provide the nonlocal symmetries of the STO equation related to CTE. The nonlocal symmetries are localized by prolonging the related enlarged system. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11205092, 11175092 and 11435005, Ningbo Natural Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 2015A610159 and 2012A610178 and by the Opening Project of Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline of Physics Sciences in Ningbo University under Grant No. xkzw11502. And the authors were sponsored by K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University

Does the Truth Matter in Science?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lipton, Peter

2005-01-01

Is science in the truth business, discovering ever more about an independent and largely unobservable world? Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn, two of the most important figures in science studies in the 20th century, gave accounts of science that are in some tension with the truth view. Their central claims about science are considered here, along with…

Asia and the Science and Politics of Pandemics. 3rd Revision

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-01

Appendix B: Speaker Bios 25 Figures Figure 1: Transmission paths of Avian Influenza 8 Figure 2: Migratory Bird Flyways 10 Introduction On...viruses from wild birds to domestic ducks and chickens. • Asia also has a sizable pig population. Pigs can act as mixing vessels for strains of...that infects birds . These viruses mutate often and can be found in other species, including domestic farm animals and humans. Some forms of the

A Functional Conceptualization of Understanding Science in the News

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Megan M.

2012-01-01

The idea that the public should have the capacity for understanding science in the news has been embraced by scientists, educators, and policymakers alike. An oft-cited goal of contemporary science education, in fact, is to enhance students' understanding of science in the news. But what exactly does it "mean" to understand science…

A Simulation of the ECSS Help Desk with the Erlang a Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

a popular distribution is the exponential distribution as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3: Exponential Distribution ( Bourke , 2001) Exponential...System Sciences, Vol 8, 235B. Bourke , P. (2001, January). Miscellaneous Functions. Retrieved January 22, 2011, from http://local.wasp.uwa.edu.au

Visual Representations on High School Biology, Chemistry, Earth Science, and Physics Assessments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LaDue, Nicole D.; Libarkin, Julie C.; Thomas, Stephen R.

2015-01-01

The pervasive use of visual representations in textbooks, curricula, and assessments underscores their importance in K-12 science education. For example, visual representations figure prominently in the recent publication of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS Lead States in Next generation science standards: for states, by states.…

Shaking the Tree, Making a Rhizome: Towards a Nomadic Geophilosophy of Science Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gough, Noel

2006-01-01

This essay enacts a philosophy of science education inspired by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari's figurations of rhizomatic and nomadic thought. It imagines rhizomes shaking the tree of modern Western science and science education by destabilising arborescent conceptions of knowledge as hierarchically articulated branches of a central stem or…

The Evolution of a Science Project: A Preliminary System Dynamics Model of a Recurring Software-Reliant Acquisition Behavior

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

3.3.4 User Community Management 14 3.3.5 Uncontrolled Prototype Growth 14 3.3.6 Project Manager Decisions 15 3.3.7 The 90% Syndrome 15 3.3.8 Re...Figure 3: 90% Syndrome Due to Rippling Rework in the Production Development 21 Figure 4: Causal Loop Diagram of "The Evolution of a Science Project...Unintended Burnout Due to Overtime 60 V | CMU/SEI-2012-TR-001 Acknowledgments Many people have worked to sponsor and improve this report and the

Analytical approximations to the Hotelling trace for digital x-ray detectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clarkson, Eric; Pineda, Angel R.; Barrett, Harrison H.

2001-06-01

The Hotelling trace is the signal-to-noise ratio for the ideal linear observer in a detection task. We provide an analytical approximation for this figure of merit when the signal is known exactly and the background is generated by a stationary random process, and the imaging system is an ideal digital x-ray detector. This approximation is based on assuming that the detector is infinite in extent. We test this approximation for finite-size detectors by comparing it to exact calculations using matrix inversion of the data covariance matrix. After verifying the validity of the approximation under a variety of circumstances, we use it to generate plots of the Hotelling trace as a function of pairs of parameters of the system, the signal and the background.

Intact figure-ground segmentation in schizophrenia.

PubMed

Herzog, Michael H; Kopmann, Sabine; Brand, Andreas

2004-11-30

As revealed by backward masking studies, schizophrenic patients show strong impairments of early visual processing. However, the underlying temporal mechanisms are not yet well understood. To shed light on the exact timing of these deficits, we employed a paradigm in which two masks follow each other. We investigated 16 medicated schizophrenic patients and a matched group of 14 controls with a new backward masking technique, shine-through. In accordance with other masking studies, schizophrenic patients require a dramatically longer processing time to reach a predefined performance level compared with healthy subjects. However, patients are surprisingly sensitive to subtle differences in the timing of the two masks, revealing good temporal resolution. This good temporal resolution indicates intact and fast perceptual grouping and figure-ground segmentation in spite of high susceptibility to masking procedures in schizophrenia.

A Methodology for the Optimization of Disaggregated Space System Conceptual Designs

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-18

orbit disaggregated space systems. Savings of $82 million are identified for an optimized fire detection system. Savings of $5.7 billion are...solutions and update architecture ................................................................31 Fire detection problem...149 Figure 30 – Example cost vs. weighted mean science return output [37] ...................... 153 Figure 31

OECD in Figures, 2008

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

OECD Publishing (NJ1), 2008

2008-01-01

"OECD in Figures" is a primary statistical source for key data on OECD countries, ranging from economic growth and employment to inflation, trade and environment. Information is presented in tabular form for: (1) Demography and Health; (2) Economy; (3) Energy; (4) Labour; (5) Science and Technology; (6) Environment; (7) Education; (8)…

Scepticism and Doubt in Science and Science Education: The Complexity of Global Warming as a Socio-Scientific Issue

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bryce, Tom G. K.; Day, Stephen P.

2014-01-01

This article looks critically at the complexity of the debate among climate scientists; the controversies in the science of global temperature measurement; and at the role played by "consensus." It highlights the conflicting perspectives figuring in the mass media concerned with climate change, arguing that science teachers should be…

Creationist Geology and Intuition: Isn't Science Just Common Sense?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Padian, Kevin

1997-01-01

Discusses the approach of creationist groups to the distortion of science and the selective presentation of often-apocryphal evidence. Argues that the strategy is persuasive to those poorly educated in science, that people like to be persuaded that their views are right, and that they are intelligent people capable of figuring out science for…

Stories we live, identities we build: how are elementary teachers' science identities shaped by their lived experiences?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Avraamidou, Lucy

2018-02-01

The aim of this multiple case study was to uncover a series of critical events and experiences related to the formation of the science identities of four beginning elementary female teachers, through a life-history approach and a conceptualization of teacher identity as lived experience. Grounded within the theoretical framework of Figured Worlds, the study used qualitative, interpretive methods for data collection (interviews, biographies, teaching philosophies) and analysis. The analysis shed light on the ways in which various experiences situated within different Figured Worlds (science, family and childhood, schooling, out-of-school, university, professional) impacted the participants' identity trajectories. The findings provided three main insights that contribute to science identity research and have implications for elementary teacher preparation: (a) science teacher identity is multidimensional and extends beyond cognitive domains of becoming to include affective dimensions; (b) science teacher identity is relational, linked and shaped by various other constructs or sub-identities; (c) place and time, defined as a space with meaning created by experiences, and science teacher identity are inextricably bound to one another.

Extremal edges versus other principles of figure-ground organization.

PubMed

Ghose, Tandra; Palmer, Stephen E

2010-07-01

Identifying the visual cues that determine relative depth across an image contour (i.e., figure-ground organization) is a central problem of vision science. In this paper, we compare flat cues to figure-ground organization with the recently discovered cue of extremal edges (EEs), which arise when opaque convex surfaces smoothly curve to partly occlude themselves. The present results show that EEs are very powerful pictorial cues to relative depth across an edge, almost entirely dominating the well-known figure-ground cues of relative size, convexity, shape familiarity, and surroundedness. These results demonstrate that natural shading and texture gradients in an image provide important information about figure-ground organization that has largely been overlooked in the past 75 years of research on this topic.

Science from the Pond up: Using Measurement to Introduce Inquiry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Demir, Abdulkadir; Schmidt, Frank; Abell, Sandra K.

2010-01-01

The authors engaged nonscience majors enrolled in an integrated science course with a prototype activity designed to change their mindset from cookbook to inquiry science. This article describes the activity, the Warm Little Pond, which helped students develop essential understanding of basic statistics, significant figures, and the idea that…

Reinvigorating Science Journals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bricker, Patricia

2007-01-01

Science-themed books are wonderful tools for emphasizing the importance of observation and journaling. They can also be used to effectively promote literacy skills in science. This article shares a selection of nature books and the ways teachers and students used them to engage in the process of scientific inquiry. (Contains 3 figures and 10…

Methods and Strategies: Beyond the Textbook--But Not Just "Hands On". Using High-Quality Informational Texts to Meet the "Next Generation Science Standards"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vick, Matthew

2016-01-01

Science teaching continues to move away from teaching science as merely a body of facts and figures to be memorized to a process of exploring and drawing conclusions. The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) emphasize eight science and engineering practices that ask students to apply scientific and engineering reasoning and explanation. This…

Go Figure. HEADJAM. Teaching Guide [and Videotape].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MATHCOUNTS Foundation, Alexandria, VA.

The HeadJam series is comprised of six programs exploring mathematics, science, and critical thinking skills. It is an award-winning, educational videotape series for middle school students that explores multi-disciplinary skills in a highly entertaining way. The teacher's guide and 22-minute video, "Go Figure," demonstrate how math is used in the…

Sustainability Logistics Basing Science and Technology Objective. Demonstration #1 - 1000 Person Camp Demo

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

DP2 Solar Array .............................................................................................................. 7  Figure 6: Current...Internal Temperatures During Defrost ........................................................ 80  Figure 97: Solar Measurements Above and Underneath the DP2...with renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaics. It includes an on- board generator set for backup power or for operation while mobile

Assessing Accuracy in Varying LIDAR Data Point Densities in Digital Elevation Maps

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

23 1. MOLA ...pentagon for a circular field-of-view that is centered on nadir (Dubayah 5)........................................23 Figure 13. Using MOLA data...through June of 2000, the MOLA Science Team has produced very high resolution topographic shade maps of Mars. This figure is from 0 to 360 degrees E

Symposium on Wood Moisture Content - Temperature and Humidity Relationships Held at Blacksburg, Virginia on October 29, 1979.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-10-29

34Recommended We all know this figure, from Al Stamm’s book moisture-content averages for interior-fin- on ood and Cellulose Science, I’m sure. It ishing...is about Stamm: Wood and Cellulose Science 0.100 in. of mercury. Now, if temperature alone is increased, let’s say to 75’ F, EMC The second figure that...of as a st ruc tural sys ten involv ing f il/men/to//s tie ope’ra/tion of lesser it tractivye forces microfibrils , rmostly celliuloqir nd

BHC80 is Critical in Suppression of Snail-LSD1 Interaction and Breast Cancer Metastasis

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

characteristics such as invasion and metastasis. The most common chemotherapeutic drugs function by introducing DNA damage to impair cell division...expression confers drug resistancy on cancer cells indicates that Snail can function as a survival factor. Recently we performed a sequential protein...one of alanine, isoleucine , leucine and valine (Figure 3A). While the sequence surrounding Arg151, Lys152 and Ala153 does not exactly follow the rule

Timing and Spacing Crime in the Urban Environment: Lexington-Fayette County, Kentucky - 1985.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-05-01

and several tracts along the northeastern segment of New Circle Road where a number of automobile dealers and shopping centers are located. The...exact time when an automobile was stolen, it seems reasonable to assume that, in actuality, the curve is flatter and shifted to the right. Figure 3...depending upon the value of the property stolen, thefts of bicycles, automobile accessories, shop- lifting, pocket-picking, or any stealing of property

Optimum Vessel Performance in Evolving Nonlinear Wave Fields

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-11-01

TEMPEST , the new, nonlinear, time-domain ship motion code being developed by the Navy. Table of Contents Executive Summary i List of Figures iii...domain ship motion code TEMPEST . The radiation and diffraction forces in the level 3.0 version of TEMPEST will be computed by the body-exact strip theory...nonlinear responses of a ship to a seaway are being incorporated into version 3 of TEMPEST , the new, nonlinear, time-domain ship motion code that

Toward a Lived Science Curriculum in Intersecting Figured Worlds: An Exploration of Individual Meanings in Science Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Price, Jeremy F.; McNeill, Katherine L.

2013-01-01

As knowledge of and familiarity with science becomes an increasingly important aspect of contemporary life and citizenship, efforts have been made to make the science curriculum a “lived” curriculum (Hurd, 2000), one that reaches out to the lives, communities, and experiences of students. In this research around a high school urban ecology…

Figure facts: encouraging undergraduates to take a data-centered approach to reading primary literature.

PubMed

Round, Jennifer E; Campbell, A Malcolm

2013-01-01

The ability to interpret experimental data is essential to understanding and participating in the process of scientific discovery. Reading primary research articles can be a frustrating experience for undergraduate biology students because they have very little experience interpreting data. To enhance their data interpretation skills, students used a template called "Figure Facts" to assist them with primary literature-based reading assignments in an advanced cellular neuroscience course. The Figure Facts template encourages students to adopt a data-centric approach, rather than a text-based approach, to understand research articles. Specifically, Figure Facts requires students to focus on the experimental data presented in each figure and identify specific conclusions that may be drawn from those results. Students who used Figure Facts for one semester increased the amount of time they spent examining figures in a primary research article, and regular exposure to primary literature was associated with improved student performance on a data interpretation skills test. Students reported decreased frustration associated with interpreting data figures, and their opinions of the Figure Facts template were overwhelmingly positive. In this paper, we present Figure Facts for others to adopt and adapt, with reflection on its implementation and effectiveness in improving undergraduate science education.

What Do Young Science Students Need to Learn about Variables?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuhn, Deanna

2016-01-01

Have the Next Generation Science Standards fulfilled a goal of specifying the objectives of precollege science education in clear and exact enough terms to make them readily implementable? Using students' understanding of the concept of a variable as a case in point, the author suggests that the standards, despite their seeming precision and…

Unitary Quantum Relativity. (Work in Progress)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Finkelstein, David Ritz

2017-01-01

A quantum universe is expressed as a finite unitary relativistic quantum computer network. Its addresses are subject to quantum superposition as well as its memory. It has no exact mathematical model. It Its Hilbert space of input processes is also a Clifford algebra with a modular architecture of many ranks. A fundamental fermion is a quantum computer element whose quantum address belongs to the rank below. The least significant figures of its address define its spin and flavor. The most significant figures of it adress define its orbital variables. Gauging arises from the same quantification as space-time. This blurs star images only slightly, but perhaps measurably. General relativity is an approximation that splits nature into an emptiness with a high symmetry that is broken by a filling of lower symmetry. Action principles result from self-organization pf the vacuum.

Earth Sciences as a Vehicle for Gifted Education--The Hong Kong Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murphy, Phillip J.; Chan, Lung Sang; Murphy, Elizabeth

2012-01-01

The development and delivery of an Earth-science-focused short course designed to prepare Hong Kong students for university level study is described. Earth sciences provide an inspirational and challenging context for learning and teaching in Hong Kong's increasingly skills-based curriculum. (Contains 3 figures and 4 online resources.)

The Science of Safety

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jensen, Jill

2012-01-01

The author's first reaction to learning that the new science standards adopted in Minnesota included engineering was fear and apprehension. She couldn't picture what an engineering project would look like at the elementary level. As a K-5 elementary science specialist, it was now her job to figure out how to incorporate engineering in their…

Differentiating Science Instruction and Assessment for Learners with Special Needs, K-8

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finson, Kevin D.; Ormsbee, Christine K.; Jensen, Mary M.

2011-01-01

Teachers are required to provide appropriate science instruction to all students, including children with special needs. However, educators are often left on their own to figure out how to effectively differentiate lessons and activities. This timely, practical guidebook shows general and special educators how to retool science activities and…

An Integrated Science Course Designed with Information Communication Technologies to Enhance University Students' Learning Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Su, King-Dow

2008-01-01

This study evaluated the performance of university students who learned science texts by using, information communication technologies (ICT) including animation, static figures, power point, and e-plus software. The characteristics of students and their achievements and attitudes toward 11 multimedia science courses were analyzed. The 11 samples…

Demonstrating Inquiry-Based Teaching Competencies in the Life Sciences--Part 2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Stephen

2007-01-01

This set of botany demonstrations is a continuation of the inquiry-based lecture activities that provide realistic connections to the history and nature of science and employ technology in data collection. The demonstrations also provide examples of inquiry-based teaching practices in the life sciences. (Contains 5 figures.) [For Part 1, see…

Microstrucutral Modeling of Hot Spot and Failure Mechanisms in RDX Energetic Aggregates

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

with applications to disposable blood pressure cuffs . He graduated cum laude with a Bachelors of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering in May of...35 Figure 4.2. (a) Rotation , (b) Normal Stress, (c) Pressure, and (d...39 Figure 4.6. (a) Rotation , (b) Normal Stress, (c) Pressure, and (d) Accumulated plastic shear

Children's Understanding of Ambiguous Figures: Which Cognitive Developments Are Necessary to Experience Reversal

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doherty, M.J.; Wimmer, M.C.

2005-01-01

In two experiments involving one hundred and thirty-eight 3- to 5-year-olds we examined the claim that a complex understanding of ambiguity is required to experience reversal of ambiguous stimuli [Gopnik, A., & Rosati, A. (2001). Duck or rabbit? Reversing ambiguous figures and understanding ambiguous representations. Developmental Science, 4,…

Flooding Resulting From Hurricane Isidore, Comparing Data from September 12 and 28, 2002

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

[figure removed for brevity, see original site] [figure removed for brevity, see original site] Figure 1: GOES-8, 0815 UT, Sep 12, 2002Figure 2: GOES-8, 0815 UT, Sep 28, 2002 [figure removed for brevity, see original site] [figure removed for brevity, see original site] Figure 3: AMSU-A channel 2, Sep 12, 2002Figure 4: AMSU-A channel 2, Sep 28, 2002 Extent of Flooding due to Hurricane Isidore revealed in images from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounding System (AIRS) on Aqua

Tropical Storm Isidore was born in mid-September north of Venezuela. It subsequently hit Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula as a Category 3 hurricane and came ashore near New Orleans on September 26th packing winds just below hurricane strength. Around the time of September 27, the storm was downgraded to a tropical depression as the system moved into Tennessee.

At the time the Aqua spacecraft first passed over Isidore, it was classified as a Category 3 (possibly 4) hurricane, with minimum pressure of 934 mbar, maximum sustained wind speeds of 110 knots (gusting to 135) and an eye diameter of 20 nautical miles. Isidore was later downgraded to a Tropical Storm and then a Tropical Depression as it lost energy.

Figures 1 and 2, two images from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites show no significant weather systems over the southeastern United States on September 12 and September 28 (16 days apart). However, the microwave component of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Experiment on NASA's Aqua spacecraft shows a striking difference. The difference in the two microwave images (figures 3 and 4) from the AIRS Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit is primarily due to flooding after Tropical Storm Isidore. Water has a very low surface emissivity at this frequency, and that causes surface water to appear very cold (even though it is not). Land appears relatively warm (well above freezing - 273 K, even at night as seen is these images), but if there is standing water, the apparent temperature drops precipitously. Figure 4, taken just about a day after the remnants of Isidore passed over the southeast, shows heavy flooding along the Mississippi, especially in the states of Mississippi and Tennessee, but other states are also affected. The spatial resolution of the AMSU-A instrument is relatively large (each measurement spot is about 25 miles in diameter at the center of the swath), but the enormous thermal contrast in the microwave between land and water makes even small flooded areas stand out.

[figure removed for brevity, see original site] Figure 5: Difference image, 9/12 and 9/28) The Aqua spacecraft has an exact 16-day repeat cycle, that is why the pre-Isidore image is 16 days prior to the post-Isidore image. They have exactly the same coverage, which makes it possible to obtain a difference image (figure 5). The difference image is the difference between the September 28 and September 12 images shown. In the difference image, white indicates no difference at all, green is very little difference, blue/purple indicates primarily heavy flooding. Red indicates warming likely due to warmer weather. (The straight lines on the right and left edges of the difference image are caused by slight differences between the two repeat passes of Aqua).

The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Experiment, with its visible, infrared, and microwave detectors, provides a three-dimensional look at Earth's weather. Working in tandem, the three instruments can make simultaneous observations all the way down to the Earth's surface, even in the presence of heavy clouds. With more than 2,000 channels sensing different regions of the atmosphere, the system creates a global, 3-D map of atmospheric temperature and humidity and provides information on clouds, greenhouse gases, and many other atmospheric phenomena. The AIRS Infrared Sounder Experiment flies onboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., under contract to NASA. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

From Requirements to Code: Issues and Learning in IS Students' Systems Development Projects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott, Elsje

2008-01-01

The Computing Curricula (2005) place Information Systems (IS) at the intersection of exact sciences (e.g. General Systems Theory), technology (e.g. Computer Science), and behavioral sciences (e.g. Sociology). This presents particular challenges for teaching and learning, as future IS professionals need to be equipped with a wide range of…

Science Education for Everyone: Why and What?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trefil, James

2008-01-01

What the author explores in this essay is not so much the "whether" of general science education, but the "why." What exactly constitutes good science education, and how can one recognize when students have received it? Once this question has been answered, the answer to the "what" question--the actual content of the curriculum--is relatively easy…

Effective Supervision: Supporting the Art and Science of Teaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marzano, Robert; Livingston, David; Frontier, Tony

2011-01-01

It's true that even modest improvements in teacher effectiveness can lead to impressive gains in student achievement. But what hasn't been clear is what exactly district leaders should do to encourage and support teachers in practicing the art and science of great teaching ... until now. Like in his landmark book "The Art and Science of Teaching",…

Nonlinear Wave Process Hierarchies and the Cyclic Development of Quasi-Ordered Structures in Turbulent Shear Flows.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-11-01

can be evaluated semi- analitically in both the strongly nonlinear inner (critical layer) region and the weakly nonlinear outer region, reproduce the...experimental evidence of Ref. 8 (Figure 3, stage 3). Whereas the exact s~lutions of the Schridinger equation (Ref. 13) predict that an arbitrary smooth...peaks and valleys, different from the comon rate predicted by linear theory) arise suddenly and at surpris- ingly low disturbance levels [(u’/U 10-2] as

Report of the Military Justice Review Group. Part I: UCMJ Recommendations

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-22

JOHN’S LAW REV. 197, 200 (1961). 181 Id. at 200 n.4 (1961) (citing Austin H. MacCormick, Statistical Study of 24,000 Military Prisoners, 10 FED...sitting alone without court members See Military Justice Statistics , Dep’t of the Army, Clerk of Court Notes, THE ARMY LAWYER, 27-50-182, 54 (Feb. 1988...before a military judge sitting alone without court members. See Military Justice Statistics , the Army Lawyer, Feb. 1988 at 54. The exact figures for

Identification of Scattering Mechanisms from Measured Impulse Response Signatures of Several Conducting Objects.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-02-01

conducting sphere 35 compared to inverse transform of exact solution. 4-5. Measured impulse response of a conducting 2:1 right 37 circular cylinder with...frequency domain. This is equivalent to multiplication in the time domain by the inverse transform of w(n), which is shown in Figure 3-1 for N=15. The...equivalent pulse width from 0.066 T for the rectangular window to 0.10 T for the Hanning window. The inverse transform of the Hanning window is shown

Characterization of Aluminum Magnesium Alloy Reverse Sensitized via Heat Treatment

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

been on ships that had seen an unknown cycle of painting - stripping -repainting, so some variation was expected. 16 The exact age and range of...Figure 44. Effect of Temperature on Al-Mg Alloys. Adapted from [9]. d. Other heat treatment techniques – high power diode laser (HPDL) arrays Because...25] B. Baker et. al, "Use of High-Power diode Laser Arrays for Pre- and Post- Weld Heating During Friction Stir Welding of Steels," in Friction

Davydov solitons in polypeptides

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scott, A.

1984-10-01

The experimental evidence for self-trapping of amide-I (CO stretching) vibrational energy in crystalline acetanilide (a model protein) is reviewed and related to A. S. Davydov's theory of solitons as a mechanism for energy storage and transport in protein. Particular attention is paid to the construction of quantum states that contain N amide-I vibrational quanta. It is noted that the N = 2 state is almost exactly resonant with the free energy that is released upon hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate. 30 references, 4 figures, 3 tables.

Solving Integer Programs from Dependence and Synchronization Problems

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-03-01

DEFF.NSNE Solving Integer Programs from Dependence and Synchronization Problems Jaspal Subhlok March 1993 CMU-CS-93-130 School of Computer ScienceT IC...method Is an exact and efficient way of solving integer programming problems arising in dependence and synchronization analysis of parallel programs...7/;- p Keywords: Exact dependence tesing, integer programming. parallelilzng compilers, parallel program analysis, synchronization analysis Solving

Discussing underrepresentation as a means to facilitating female students' physics identity development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lock, Robynne M.; Hazari, Zahra

2016-12-01

Despite the fact that approximately half of high school physics students are female, only 21% of physics bachelor's degrees are awarded to women. In a previous study, drawn from a national survey of college students in introductory English courses, five factors commonly proposed to positively impact female students' choice of a physical science career were tested using multivariate matching methods. The only factor found to have a positive effect was the explicit discussion of the underrepresentation of women in physics. In order to explore this further, a case study of the classes of one teacher reported to discuss the underrepresentation of women was conducted. Two classroom underrepresentation discussions were recorded, students and teacher were interviewed, and relevant student work was collected. Analyzing the case study data using a figured worlds framework, we found that discussing the underrepresentation of women in science explicitly creates an opportunity for students' figured worlds of professional and school science to change, and facilitates challenging their own implicit assumptions about how the world functions. Subsequently, the norms in students' figured worlds may change or become less rigid allowing for a new openness to physics identity development amongst female students.

Political Science in America. Oral Histories of a Discipline.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baer, Michael A., Ed.; And Others

This book contains interviews with 15 major figures in the academic discipline of political science. Contributors discuss the intellectual and institutional roots of political science and trace its evolution and development. Those interviewed describe what it was like to be a part of the earliest Ph.D programs, and what it was like to work with…

Rumsey and Walker_AMT_2016_Figure 1.xlsx

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Figure summarizes diurnal profiles of uncertainty in the chemical gradient and transfer velocity measurements from which fluxes are calculated. This dataset is associated with the following publication:Rumsey, I. Application of an online ion chromatography-based instrument for gradient flux measurements of speciated nitrogen and sulfur. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 9(6): 2581-2592, (2016).

Figure Facts: Encouraging Undergraduates to Take a Data-Centered Approach to Reading Primary Literature

PubMed Central

Round, Jennifer E.; Campbell, A. Malcolm

2013-01-01

The ability to interpret experimental data is essential to understanding and participating in the process of scientific discovery. Reading primary research articles can be a frustrating experience for undergraduate biology students because they have very little experience interpreting data. To enhance their data interpretation skills, students used a template called “Figure Facts” to assist them with primary literature–based reading assignments in an advanced cellular neuroscience course. The Figure Facts template encourages students to adopt a data-centric approach, rather than a text-based approach, to understand research articles. Specifically, Figure Facts requires students to focus on the experimental data presented in each figure and identify specific conclusions that may be drawn from those results. Students who used Figure Facts for one semester increased the amount of time they spent examining figures in a primary research article, and regular exposure to primary literature was associated with improved student performance on a data interpretation skills test. Students reported decreased frustration associated with interpreting data figures, and their opinions of the Figure Facts template were overwhelmingly positive. In this paper, we present Figure Facts for others to adopt and adapt, with reflection on its implementation and effectiveness in improving undergraduate science education. PMID:23463227

Research as Art: Using figures to make science approachable

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rabinowitz, H. S.; Barth, A.; Russell, J. B.; Frischkorn, K.; Yehudai, M.

2017-12-01

As scientists, we spend a significant amount of time thinking about how best to express the results of our research through figures. These can range from graphs to microscope images to movies, but they all serve the purpose of communicating complicated ideas to our colleagues in the scientific community. One component of scientific data representation that is often overlooked is the aesthetic of the image. Many images produced for data communication and publication are visually engaging even to a lay audience, allowing them to serve as a point of entry to learning about scientific research for the non-specialist. To help researchers embrace this secondary goal of scientific figures, we have instituted an annual event at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University (LDEO) called Research as Art. For this event, scientists submit figures from their work that they see as artistic. These figures are displayed in a gallery-type exhibit for the community to appreciate. This year, the exhibit included movie and sculpture categories, allowing for attendees to interact with a broader range of scientific work. Each piece is accompanied by a brief, non-technical caption. Research as Art provides a gateway for scientists from a broad range of disciplines within the Earth Sciences to learn about work that is entirely unrelated to their own. After the event, attendees commented that they had never before thought about how a non-specialist would view their figures and that they would keep this in mind when making future figures. Thus, one of the biggest benefits of exhibits such as this is to teach scientists to view our work through a non-specialist's eyes. However, future plans for Research as Art include establishing a temporary exhibit at a local bar to expand the reach to a broader segment of the Columbia University area community. Our figures are art, and when we start to treat them that way, we open a world of possibilities for teaching the public about our research.

The Art and Science of Tactics

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-01-01

THE ART AND SCIENCE OF TACTICS by MAJOR ROBERT A. DOUGHTY, US ARMY E stablishing the nature of tactics has been a pastime of professional...tactics in the US Army have implicitly begun to assume that tactics is more an exact science than an " art and science ." As one recent military writer...and 19th centuries generally agreed that tactics was more an art than it was a science . Many agreed with the terse definition given by Antoine

Riparian restoration framework for the Upper Gila River, Arizona

USGS Publications Warehouse

Orr, Bruce K.; Leverich, Glen L.; Diggory, Zooey E.; Dudley, Tom L.; Hatten, James R.; Hultine, Kevin R.; Johnson, Matthew P.; Orr, Devyn A.

2014-01-01

This technical report summarizes the methods and results of a comprehensive riparian restoration planning effort for the Gila Valley Restoration Planning Area, an approximately 53-mile portion of the upper Gila River in Arizona (Figure 1-1). This planning effort has developed a Restoration Framework intended to deliver science-based guidance on suitable riparian restoration actions within the ecologically sensitive river corridor. The framework development was conducted by a restoration science team, led by Stillwater Sciences with contributions from researchers at the Desert Botanical Garden (DBG), Northern Arizona University (NAU), University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB), and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). All work was coordinated by the Gila Watershed Partnership of Arizona (GWP), whose broader Upper Gila River Project Area is depicted in Figure 1-1, with funding from the Walton Family Foundation’s Freshwater Initiative Program.

Label-based routing for a family of small-world Farey graphs.

PubMed

Zhai, Yinhu; Wang, Yinhe

2016-05-11

We introduce an informative labelling method for vertices in a family of Farey graphs, and deduce a routing algorithm on all the shortest paths between any two vertices in Farey graphs. The label of a vertex is composed of the precise locating position in graphs and the exact time linking to graphs. All the shortest paths routing between any pair of vertices, which number is exactly the product of two Fibonacci numbers, are determined only by their labels, and the time complexity of the algorithm is O(n). It is the first algorithm to figure out all the shortest paths between any pair of vertices in a kind of deterministic graphs. For Farey networks, the existence of an efficient routing protocol is of interest to design practical communication algorithms in relation to dynamical processes (including synchronization and structural controllability) and also to understand the underlying mechanisms that have shaped their particular structure.

Label-based routing for a family of small-world Farey graphs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhai, Yinhu; Wang, Yinhe

2016-05-01

We introduce an informative labelling method for vertices in a family of Farey graphs, and deduce a routing algorithm on all the shortest paths between any two vertices in Farey graphs. The label of a vertex is composed of the precise locating position in graphs and the exact time linking to graphs. All the shortest paths routing between any pair of vertices, which number is exactly the product of two Fibonacci numbers, are determined only by their labels, and the time complexity of the algorithm is O(n). It is the first algorithm to figure out all the shortest paths between any pair of vertices in a kind of deterministic graphs. For Farey networks, the existence of an efficient routing protocol is of interest to design practical communication algorithms in relation to dynamical processes (including synchronization and structural controllability) and also to understand the underlying mechanisms that have shaped their particular structure.

Are there common mathematical structures in economics and physics?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mimkes, Jürgen

2016-12-01

Economics is a field that looks into the future. We may know a few things ahead (ex ante), but most things we only know, afterwards (ex post). How can we work in a field, where much of the important information is missing? Mathematics gives two answers: 1. Probability theory leads to microeconomics: the Lagrange function optimizes utility under constraints of economic terms (like costs). The utility function is the entropy, the logarithm of probability. The optimal result is given by a probability distribution and an integrating factor. 2. Calculus leads to macroeconomics: In economics we have two production factors, capital and labour. This requires two dimensional calculus with exact and not-exact differentials, which represent the "ex ante" and "ex post" terms of economics. An integrating factor turns a not-exact term (like income) into an exact term (entropy, the natural production function). The integrating factor is the same as in microeconomics and turns the not-exact field of economics into an exact physical science.

Studying Gender and Ethnic Differences in Participation in Math, Physical Science, and Information Technology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eccles, Jacquelynne S.

2005-01-01

This chapter describes the history of the Eccles et al. Expectancy Value Model and research on the influence of social and psychological factors on gender and ethnic differences in math, science, and information technology choices. (Contains 1 figure.)

Puppets: A Science Teacher's Best Friend?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Croshaw, Charlotte; Willis, Amy

2011-01-01

There are numerous benefits from using puppets in the classroom. There is evidence to suggest that puppets have a positive impact in motivating children and promoting language development. In this article, the authors explore the use of puppets to teach food science and nutrition. (Contains 2 figures.)

Applications of exact traveling wave solutions of Modified Liouville and the Symmetric Regularized Long Wave equations via two new techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Dianchen; Seadawy, Aly R.; Ali, Asghar

2018-06-01

In this current work, we employ novel methods to find the exact travelling wave solutions of Modified Liouville equation and the Symmetric Regularized Long Wave equation, which are called extended simple equation and exp(-Ψ(ξ))-expansion methods. By assigning the different values to the parameters, different types of the solitary wave solutions are derived from the exact traveling wave solutions, which shows the efficiency and precision of our methods. Some solutions have been represented by graphical. The obtained results have several applications in physical science.

Nonlinear Multidimensional Assignment Problems Efficient Conic Optimization Methods and Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-24

WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Arizona State University School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences 901 S...SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT The major goals of this project were completed: the exact solution of previously unsolved challenging combinatorial optimization... combinatorial optimization problem, the Directional Sensor Problem, was solved in two ways. First, heuristically in an engineering fashion and second, exactly

Effects of Teacher Lesson Introduction on Second Graders' Creativity in a Science/Literacy Integrated Unit on Health and Nutrition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Webb, Angela Naomi; Rule, Audrey C.

2014-01-01

The focus on standardized testing in the areas of reading and mathematics in early elementary education often minimalizes science and the arts in the curriculum. The science topics of health and nutrition were integrated into the reading curriculum through read aloud books. Inclusion of creativity skills through figural transformation drawings…

[Choose science! in a historical perspective: changing views on girls' education and the sciences, 1650-1880].

PubMed

Bosch, M

1997-01-01

According to recent historiography on women/gender and science, the uneasy relationship between women and the exact sciences only arose when in the last quarter of the nineteenth century secondary education for girls was organised and structured in opposition to boys' education, stressing the importance of a 'modern' curriculum. Before that moment women had taken part in the popular science culture as visitors of public lectures, as amateur and rather more professional scientists and as writers of best selling books on botany, chemistry or physics. This thesis, as argued most convincingly by Patricia Phillips in her book The Scientific Lady (1990), is tested for the Netherlands. Part I deals with recent literature on the history of gender and science. Part II explores the extent to which women had access to eighteenth-century science culture in the Netherlands, and the traces this left on early nineteenth-century education for girls. The author shows that the educational reformer Barbara van Meerten-Schilperoort did indeed pay quite some attention to the 'sciences' in her curriculum proposal as well as in her publications. This confirms the thesis that only when women gained access to formal education in girls' schools next to the state regulated boys' schools for secondary education, were the exact sciences labelled 'masculine', and contrasted with the 'feminine' humanities, in part as a reflection of the respective curricula.

The Design and Implementation of a Graphical VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) User Interface

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-01

VHSIC Program Office appropriately summarized the motivation behind VHDL as follows: Computer -aided engineering is a nightmare of incompatible formats and... Computer Science Branch. Interactive VHDL Workstation: Program Status Review Report, 8 October 1987. Air Force Contract F33615-85-C-1862. Information Systems...Typical Program Structure .................................. 14 3 Figure 4. GVUI Top-Level SADT Diagram ............................... .24 Figure 5

Effect of Hydration on the Mechanical Properties of Anion Exchange Membranes

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-19

trimethylbenzyl ammonium (PFTMBA), c.) ethyl ammonium (PFEA). ...............26! Figure 3.3: a.) Full IR spectra of the 3M sulfonyl precursor, methyl...with the cation group. ............................................................................................30! Figure 3.4: IR spectra of all...is modified from a paper published in Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics1 Melissa A. Vandiver2, James L. Horan3, Yuan Yang4, Emily T

Canputer Science and Technology: Introduction to Software Packages

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-04-01

Table 5 Sources of Software Packages.20 Table 6 Reference Services Matrix . 33 Table 7 Reference Matrix.40 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Document...consideration should be given to the acquisition of appropriate software packages to replace or upgrade existing services and to provide services not...Consequently, there are many companies that produce only software packages, and are committed to providing training, service , and support. These vendors

Linking Science and Literacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Plummer, Donna M.; Davis, Betty Jo; Brazier, Victoria

2011-01-01

We successfully integrated science and language arts in a third-grade classroom. The students used "scientist's eyes" and "poet's eyes" to write original poetry. In addition, they created habitat posters about a swamp organism. Scoring guides for the habitat poems and posters are also included. (Contains 5 figures and 2 tables.)

Science & Technology Almanac, 2000.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allstetter, William, Ed.

This volume links the year's current news to encyclopedic and almanac-style information on science and technology. This second edition is completely updated, offering full news coverage for 1999, revised statistical tables, and updated facts and figures. The timeline has been expanded to include more problems and catastrophes associated with…

Sandia National Laboratories: Directed-energy tech receives funding to

Science.gov Websites

Accomplishments Energy Stationary Power Earth Science Transportation Energy Energy Research Global Security WMD & Figures Programs Nuclear Weapons About Nuclear Weapons Safety & Security Weapons Science & Cyber & Infrastructure Security Global Security Remote Sensing & Verification Research Research

Actions of the Burkina Faso women in physics working group at the University of Ouagadougou

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kafando, Pétronille; Zerbo, Issa

2013-03-01

At the University of Ouagadougou, the largest university in Burkina Faso, the percentage of female student enrollment in the Exact and Applied Sciences Unit was 5.1% (for all the levels) from 2006 to 2009-this rate was 2.3% for physics. For the same period, 22 women out of 455 students (4.8%) were enrolled in PhD (all the fields of the Exact and Applied Sciences Unit) and three women out of 180 students (1.7%) registered in physics PhD. During the 3rd IUPAP International Conference on Women in Physics in 2008, the Burkina Faso Working Group proposed some strategies to attract more women to physics and all the sciences. Some actions were initiated at the University of Ouagadougou as well as in secondary schools. These actions and the feedback of female students are presented.

Science 101: Why Do We Only See One Side of the Moon?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robertson, Bill

2017-01-01

This column provides background science information for elementary teachers. This month's issue discusses the rotation of the moon. The author investigates what would happen if the moon did not rotate and addresses exactly why the Moon does what it does with respect to rotation.

Science aspects of 1980 ballistic missions to comet Encke, using Mariner and Pioneer spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jaffe, L. D.; Elachi, C.; Giffin, C. E.; Huntress, W.; Newburn, R. L., Jr.; Parker, R. H.; Taylor, F. W.; Thorpe, T. E.

1976-01-01

Science aspects of a 1980 spacecraft reconnaissance of Comet Encke are considered. The mission discussed is a ballistic flyby (more exactly, a fly-through) of P/Encke, using either a spin stabilized spacecraft, without despin of instruments, or a 3-axis stabilized spacecraft.

On Evaluating Human Problem Solving of Computationally Hard Problems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carruthers, Sarah; Stege, Ulrike

2013-01-01

This article is concerned with how computer science, and more exactly computational complexity theory, can inform cognitive science. In particular, we suggest factors to be taken into account when investigating how people deal with computational hardness. This discussion will address the two upper levels of Marr's Level Theory: the computational…

Science 101: What, Exactly, Is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robertson, Bill

2016-01-01

Bill Robertson is the author of the NSTA Press book series, "Stop Faking It! Finally Understanding Science So You Can Teach It." In this month's issue, Robertson describes and explains the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle was discussed on "The Big Bang Theory," the lead character in…

Point of View: Academic Librarians as STEM Retention Partners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Toole, Erin M.

2017-01-01

When thinking of collaborating with campus partners on activities to increase the retention of students in science majors, who comes to mind? Usually other academic departments--but are science librarians included? Academic librarians are charged with supporting retention on university and college campuses. However, what exactly can science…

Why Teaching Is Not an Exact Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson-Loy, Lynne

2016-01-01

Lynne Anderson-Loy teaches science to sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-graders in the Contemporary School and the Regional Safe School at Woodruff Career and Technical Center in the Peoria (Illinois) Public Schools District. In this article, she describes her experience of learning how to manage student behavior in various schools throughout her…

Black Box Activities for Grades Seven-Nine Science Programs and Beyond. A Supplement for Science 1, 2, &3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schlenker, Richard M., Comp.

Many times science does not provide us with exact descriptions of phenomena or answers to questions but only allows us to make educated guesses. Black box activities encourage this method of scientific thinking because the activity is performed inside a sealed container requiring the students to hypothesize on the contents and operation of the…

NEWS: And finally ...

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1999-05-01

UK A-level curriculum broadening announced by the Government in March has been welcomed by the Save British Science Society, which back in 1996 had called for the sixth-form course to require at least five subjects, including a mixture of arts and science subjects. The Society had noted that the percentage of students studying three science A-levels fell from around 44% in 1962 to less than half that figure by the mid-1990s; during the same period the proportion studying three arts and humanities remained roughly constant. The absence of any clear policy for steering young people into studying at least some science and some of the arts and humanities was still a cause for concern. Engineering Council statistics have shown that the take-up of engineering and technology courses at universities in 1998 had dropped by 7.2% on the previous year (the overall percentage figure for all subjects had declined by 2%). Much of the engineering decline had resulted from a decrease in overseas students, however, as the UK figures were much steadier. Individual engineering courses showed marked differences in student acceptances: civil and chemical engineering showed falls of 6% and 5% respectively, while mechanical engineering grew by 4%. Aeronautical engineering also showed a strong rise of 7%. ... And before you give up with 1999, the Eclipse and Millennium fever, remember that next year will be Maths Year 2000, with its emphasis on raising numeracy standards in the UK and changes to teaching and learning! Something to look forward to, perhaps?

The War Within

PubMed Central

Ramchand, Rajeev; Acosta, Joie; Burns, Rachel M.; Jaycox, Lisa H.; Pernin, Christopher G.

2011-01-01

Abstract Since late 2001, U.S. military forces have been engaged in conflicts around the globe, most notably in Iraq and Afghanistan. These conflicts have exacted a substantial toll on soldiers, marines, sailors, and airmen, and this toll goes beyond the well-publicized casualty figures. It extends to the stress that repetitive deployments can have on the individual servicemember and his or her family. This stress can manifest itself in different ways—increased divorce rates, spouse and child abuse, mental distress, substance abuse—but one of the most troubling manifestations is suicide, which is increasing across the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). The increase in suicides among members of the military has raised concern among policymakers, military leaders, and the population at large. While DoD and the military services have had a number of efforts under way to deal with the increase in suicides among their members, the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs asked RAND to review the current evidence detailing suicide epidemiology in the military, identify “state-of-the-art” suicide-prevention programs, describe and catalog suicide-prevention activities in DoD and across each service, and recommend ways to ensure that the activities in DoD and across each service reflect state-of-the-art prevention science. PMID:28083158

The Social Influence Qualities of Social Network Sites: A Qualitative and Experimental Investigation

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2007. Daft , Richard L. and Robert H. Lengel...Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design ,” Management Science, 32 (5): 554-571 (May 1986). Daft , Richard L., Robert H...equivocality. Figure 2 ranks types of media according to the media richness theory . 22 Figure 2. Hierarchy of Media Richness ( Daft et al

Rumsey and Walker_AMT_2016_Figure 2.xlsx

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Figure summarizes uncertainty (error) in hourly gradient flux measurements by individual analyte. Flux uncertainty is derived from estimates of uncertainty in chemical gradients and turbulent transfer velocity.This dataset is associated with the following publication:Rumsey, I. Application of an online ion chromatography-based instrument for gradient flux measurements of speciated nitrogen and sulfur. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 9(6): 2581-2592, (2016).

The Role of IDO in Muc1 Targeted Immunotherapy

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

the immune system activation, such as S100A8 , S100A9, Fc receptors, MHC Class II molecules and even arginase were significantly up-regulated...protein analysis of CCN1 revealed that it was not significantly changed between 10 groups (Figure 26A). Also although S100A8 and S100A9 were...highly altered in our RNA microarray data, protein levels of S100A8 and S100A9 were highly variable within our tumors and thus an exact correlation to

A Hybrid Kinetic Model of Asymmetric Thin Current Sheets with Sheared Flows in a Collisionless Plasma

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-27

z are aligned with those of the usual Geocentric Sun - Earth (aSE) coordinates. In this frame, +x points from the Earth to the Sun , +y points out of...current sheet (box) in the solar wind. x, y, and z are aligned with the aSE coordinates, with +X pointing from the Earth toward the Sun , +y out of the...account the exact ion orbits and such properties as the anisotropic and nondiagonal pressure tensor and sheared ion flows. Figure 1a shows a schematic

Lithium synthesis in microquasar accretion.

PubMed

Iocco, Fabio; Pato, Miguel

2012-07-13

We study the synthesis of lithium isotopes in the hot tori formed around stellar mass black holes by accretion of the companion star. We find that sizable amounts of both stable isotopes 6Li and 7Li can be produced, the exact figures varying with the characteristics of the torus and reaching as much as 10(-2) M⊙ for each isotope. This mass output is enough to contaminate the entire Galaxy at a level comparable with the original, pregalactic amount of lithium and to overcome other sources such as cosmic-ray spallation or stellar nucleosynthesis.

Revealing the Gag Itinerary: How HIV is Transmitted One Cell at a Time | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

Although person-to-person transmission of HIV has been well understood for years, researchers are still trying to figure out exactly how the virus moves from one cell to another. Researchers have delineated the steps and key players involved in the generation of HIV particles inside infected (host) cells. However, the precise location of virus assembly inside these cells and the route the virus takes to reach the cell surface before it is released to infect other cells are still matters of heated debate.

New exact solutions of the Tzitzéica-type equations in non-linear optics using the expa function method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hosseini, K.; Ayati, Z.; Ansari, R.

2018-04-01

One specific class of non-linear evolution equations, known as the Tzitzéica-type equations, has received great attention from a group of researchers involved in non-linear science. In this article, new exact solutions of the Tzitzéica-type equations arising in non-linear optics, including the Tzitzéica, Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov and Tzitzéica-Dodd-Bullough equations, are obtained using the expa function method. The integration technique actually suggests a useful and reliable method to extract new exact solutions of a wide range of non-linear evolution equations.

A brief journey into medical care and disease in ancient Egypt.

PubMed Central

Sullivan, R

1995-01-01

Ancient Egypt was one of the greatest civilizations to have arisen, becoming the cradle of scientific enquiry and social development over 3 millennia; undoubtedly its knowledge of medicine has been vastly underestimated. Few artefacts survive which describe the medical organization, but from the extent of the diseases afflicting that ancient populus there would have been much to study. Evidence from papyri, tomb bas reliefs and the writings of historians of antiquity tell of an intense interest in the sciences, humanities and medicine born of an educated society which had overcome the superstitions of its nomadic ancestors. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 PMID:7752157

Lecturers' Attitudes on Electronically Supported Pre-Lecturing Material for Intensive Programs: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kozaris, Ioannis; Varella, Evangelia A.

2010-01-01

In 2006 and 2008, two large trans-national residential summer schools on conservation science were organized as intensive programs. Learners were not only second/third cycle students in both exact sciences and humanities, but further practicing restorers; consequently their educational background, and even their way of approaching scientific…

Establishing Exposure Science as a Distinct Scientific Discipline

EPA Science Inventory

As readers of this journal, we are likely in agreement that ‘‘Exposure science is the bedrock for protection of public health.’’,¹ and despite some differing opinions as to what the exact definition of ‘‘exposure science’’ should be, a general consensus states that it ...

The watercolor effect: a new principle of grouping and figure-ground organization.

PubMed

Pinna, Baingio; Werner, John S; Spillmann, Lothar

2003-01-01

The watercolor effect is perceived when a dark (e.g., purple) contour is flanked by a lighter chromatic contour (e.g., orange). Under these conditions, the lighter color will assimilate over the entire enclosed area. This filling-in determines figure-ground organization when it is pitted against the classical Gestalt factors of proximity, good continuation, closure, symmetry, convexity, as well as amodal completion, and past experience. When it is combined with a given Gestalt factor, the resulting effect on figure-ground organization is stronger than for each factor alone. When the watercolor effect is induced by a dark red edge instead of an orange edge, its figural strength is reduced, but still stronger than without it. Finally, when a uniform surface is filled physically using the color of the orange fringe, figure-ground organization is not different from that for the purple contour only. These findings show that the watercolor effect induced by the edge could be an independent factor, different from the classical Gestalt factors of figure-ground organization. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Not Exactly Rocket Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barbian, Jeff

2001-01-01

Explains how low-tech experiential methods thrive in companies interested in fostering the human touch. Examples include NASA's paper airplane simulation, total immersion simulation, and fantasy multisensory environments. (JOW)

I am smart enough to study postsecondary science: a critical discourse analysis of latecomers' identity construction in an online forum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jackson, Phoebe A.; Seiler, Gale

2017-11-01

Latecomers to science are students who take non-traditional routes into postsecondary science because they are initially missing prerequisites. Latecomers have a lower rate of persistence than traditional science students. This critical discourse analysis of an online forum thread uses Gee's toolkit to explore how latecomers, who have histories of not being recognized as smart enough to do science, find new ways to identify with science. Applying a theoretical lens in which identity is viewed as a process of continual negotiation, which is constrained and afforded by the resources of the relevant figured worlds, it is shown how four latecomers shared reinterpreted histories of being recognized as not smart enough to do science and in doing so, formed solidarity. As part of this process they co-produced a new cultural model in which the ability or inability to ask questions led respectively to success (good grades) or failure (low grades) in science. Used in conjunction with their solidarity, they were not only able to successfully position themselves in the elite figured world of science, but also to reify the result in a form that could potentially support future identification with science. Aspects of the online forum that supported the co-production are explored, including its ability to help students draw on resources from outside of the science program. The importance of encouraging students to discuss their struggles with science and the accompanying construction of solidarity is also discussed. This research is of particular interest to practitioners and researchers interested in supporting non-traditional science students such as latecomers, especially those wishing to move away from deficit views of these students and towards a more complex and agentic understanding of persistence and identity in science.

Space Moves: Adding Movement to Solar System Lessons

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jenkins, Deborah Bainer; Heidorn, Brent

2009-01-01

Earth and space science figure prominently in the National Science Education Standards for levels 5-8 (NRC 1996). The Earth in the Solar System standard focuses on students' ability to understand (1) the composition of the solar system (Earth, Moon, Sun, planets with their moons, and smaller objects like asteroids and comets) and (2) that…

Meet the Molecules in Chocolate: Informal Opportunities for Building Thematic Molecular Models with Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Amey, Jennifer R.; Fletcher, Matthew D.; Fletcher, Rachael V.; Jones, Alison; Roberts, Erica W.; Roberts, Ieuan O.

2008-01-01

We describe the development and use of a molecular model building activity with a chocolate theme, suitable for a public presentation of chemistry through interaction with visitors to science festivals and museums, and as a special classroom activity during science weeks, and so forth. (Contains 3 figures.)

Observation, Inference, and Imagination: Elements of Edgar Allan Poe's Philosophy of Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gelfert, Axel

2014-01-01

Edgar Allan Poe's standing as a literary figure, who drew on (and sometimes dabbled in) the scientific debates of his time, makes him an intriguing character for any exploration of the historical interrelationship between science, literature and philosophy. His sprawling "prose-poem" "Eureka" (1848), in particular, has…

Neutron Scattering for Materials Science. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Volume 166

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

NEUTRON SCATTERING STUDY OF SHORT-RANGE ORDER IN Fe 0 .8Al0.2 ALLOY 249 Werner Schweika *Invited Paper vN |- __-_ LATTICE MISFIT AND DECOMPOSITION IN...thermodifiractometric measurenmen of this sequence of dehydration and reconstructive phase transformation shows that the Initial dehydration transforrmton reaction...occurs In two steps (see figure 5). Firstly, the dehydration reaction occurs (note in figure 5 the decrease in the incoherent hydrogen background

Life Science's Average Publishable Unit (APU) Has Increased over the Past Two Decades.

PubMed

Cordero, Radames J B; de León-Rodriguez, Carlos M; Alvarado-Torres, John K; Rodriguez, Ana R; Casadevall, Arturo

2016-01-01

Quantitative analysis of the scientific literature is important for evaluating the evolution and state of science. To study how the density of biological literature has changed over the past two decades we visually inspected 1464 research articles related only to the biological sciences from ten scholarly journals (with average Impact Factors, IF, ranging from 3.8 to 32.1). By scoring the number of data items (tables and figures), density of composite figures (labeled panels per figure or PPF), as well as the number of authors, pages and references per research publication we calculated an Average Publishable Unit or APU for 1993, 2003, and 2013. The data show an overall increase in the average ± SD number of data items from 1993 to 2013 of approximately 7±3 to 14±11 and PPF ratio of 2±1 to 4±2 per article, suggesting that the APU has doubled in size over the past two decades. As expected, the increase in data items per article is mainly in the form of supplemental material, constituting 0 to 80% of the data items per publication in 2013, depending on the journal. The changes in the average number of pages (approx. 8±3 to 10±3), references (approx. 44±18 to 56±24) and authors (approx. 5±3 to 8±9) per article are also presented and discussed. The average number of data items, figure density and authors per publication are correlated with the journal's average IF. The increasing APU size over time is important when considering the value of research articles for life scientists and publishers, as well as, the implications of these increasing trends in the mechanisms and economics of scientific communication.

Figure-ground segregation can rely on differences in motion direction.

PubMed

Kandil, Farid I; Fahle, Manfred

2004-12-01

If the elements within a figure move synchronously while those in the surround move at a different time, the figure is easily segregated from the surround and thus perceived. Lee and Blake (1999) [Visual form created solely from temporal structure. Science, 284, 1165-1168] demonstrated that this figure-ground separation may be based not only on time differences between motion onsets, but also on the differences between reversals of motion direction. However, Farid and Adelson (2001) [Synchrony does not promote grouping in temporally structured displays. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 875-876] argued that figure-ground segregation in the motion-reversal experiment might have been based on a contrast artefact and concluded that (a)synchrony as such was 'not responsible for the perception of form in these or earlier displays'. Here, we present experiments that avoid contrast artefacts but still produce figure-ground segregation based on purely temporal cues. Our results show that subjects can segregate figure from ground even though being unable to use motion reversals as such. Subjects detect the figure when either (i) motion stops (leading to contrast artefacts), or (ii) motion directions differ between figure and ground. Segregation requires minimum delays of about 15 ms. We argue that whatever the underlying cues and mechanisms, a second stage beyond motion detection is required to globally compare the outputs of local motion detectors and to segregate figure from ground. Since analogous changes take place in both figure and ground in rapid succession, this second stage has to detect the asynchrony with high temporal precision.

A question of style: method, integrity and the meaning of proper science.

PubMed

Penders, Bart; Vos, Rein; Horstman, Klasien

2009-09-01

Controversies in science often centre on methodology and integrity; these are the gatekeepers of proper science. But what exactly defines proper science as proper is not universal, especially in collaborative fields of enquiry where different perspectives meet. These encounters often result in friction, yet may equally give rise to new perspectives on proper science. A tour of collaborative endeavours like structural biology and nutrigenomics highlights some of those frictions and the controversies that can result from the encounter of 'wet' and 'dry' science. Attuning scientists to the plurality of proper science may safeguard many a scientist's integrity from being questioned unjustly.

PREFACE: 9th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Quitmann, Christoph; David, Christian; Nolting, Frithjof; Pfeiffer, Franz; Stampanoni, Marco

2009-09-01

Conference logo This volume compiles the contributions to the International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy (XRM2008) held on 20-25 July 2008 in Zurich, Switzerland. The conference was the ninth in a series which started in Göttingen in 1984. Over the years the XRM conference series has served as a forum bringing together all relevant players working on the development of methods, building instrumentation, and applying x-ray microscopy to challenging issues in materials science, condensed matter research, environmental science and biology. XRM2008 was attended by about 300 participants who followed 44 oral presentations and presented 220 posters. Conference photograph Figure 1: Participants of the XRM2008 conference gathered in front of the main building of the ETH-Zurich. The conference showed that x-ray microscopy has become a mature field resting on three pillars. The first are workhorse instruments available even to non-specialist users. These exist at synchrotron sources world-wide as well as in laboratories. They allow the application of established microscopy methods to solve scientific projects in areas as diverse as soil science, the investigation of cometary dust particles, magnetic materials, and the analysis of ancient parchments. Examples of all of these projects can be found in this volume. These instruments have become so well understood that now they are also commercially available. The second pillar is the continued development of methods. Methods like stroboscopic imaging, wet cells or high and low temperature environments add versatility to the experiments. Methods like phase retrieval and ptychographic imaging allow the retrieval of information which hitero was thought to be inaccessible. The third pillar is the extension of such instruments and methods to new photon sources. With x-ray free electron lasers on the horizon the XRM community is working to transfer their know-how to these novel sources which will offer unprecedented brightness and time structure, but which at the same time require unprecedented effort to perform the experiment and to extract meaningful information from the data. Resting on these three pillars, the XRM community seems well prepared to solve the scientific questions of today and to help solve even more challenging scientific questions in the future. Many people contributed to the success of XRM2008, first and foremost were the participants with their excellent contributions and through their lively discussions. Organizing the event was made possible due to many helping hands and brains at the organizing institution, the Paul Scherrer Institut. It is our pleasure to thank all of these people. Financial support was given by the Gold Sponsor, XRADIA, by the European Round Table for Synchrotrons and Free Electron Lasers, the Center for Imaging Science and Technology at Zurich, and by the Swiss National Science Foundation. The conference was kindly hosted by ETH Zurich which provided a perfect setting for this venue. We thank all the participants of XRM2008, everybody who helped in the organization and all financial supporters and are looking forward to hearing about further progress during XRM2010 which will be organized by Argonne National Laboratory in Chicago. C Quitmann, C David, F Nolting, F Pfeiffer and M Stampanoni Proceedings Editors Conference photograph Figure 2 View over Zurich and into the alps from the terrace of the ETHZ main building during the XRM2008 reception. Conference photograph Figure 3 Flag tosser and Alphorn blowers in front of the ETH Zurich main building during the XRM2008 opening reception. Conference photograph Figure 4 Industry exhibition in the entrance hall of the ETHZ main building. Conference photograph Figure 5 Lively discussions amongst the conference participants took place during the two poster sessions. Conference photograph Figure 6 Lecture hall with the participants busily discussing between talks. Conference photograph Figure 7 Past and present winners of the Werner Meyer-Ilse Award are joined by Andrea Meyer-Ilse, the wife of the deceased x-ray microscopy pioneer Werner Meyer-Ilse. From left to right: Weilun Chao (winner 2005), Ann Sakdinawat (winner 2008), Piere Thibault (winner 2008), Andrea Meyer-Ilse and M Feser (winner 2002). Conference photograph Figure 8 Reception in the court of Schloss Rapperswil during the XRM2008 conference excursion. Conference photograph Figure 9 Conference participants walking towards the castle of Rapperswil during the conference excursion. Conference photograph Figure 10 Accompanying persons group gathered in the port of Lucerne.

Symmetry reduction and exact solutions of two higher-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations.

PubMed

Gu, Yongyi; Qi, Jianming

2017-01-01

In this paper, symmetries and symmetry reduction of two higher-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs) are obtained by Lie group method. These NLEEs play an important role in nonlinear sciences. We derive exact solutions to these NLEEs via the [Formula: see text]-expansion method and complex method. Five types of explicit function solutions are constructed, which are rational, exponential, trigonometric, hyperbolic and elliptic function solutions of the variables in the considered equations.

Early-Time Solution of the Horizontal Unconfined Aquifer in the Buildup Phase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gravanis, Elias; Akylas, Evangelos

2017-10-01

We derive the early-time solution of the Boussinesq equation for the horizontal unconfined aquifer in the buildup phase under constant recharge and zero inflow. The solution is expressed as a power series of a suitable similarity variable, which is constructed so that to satisfy the boundary conditions at both ends of the aquifer, that is, it is a polynomial approximation of the exact solution. The series turns out to be asymptotic and it is regularized by resummation techniques that are used to define divergent series. The outflow rate in this regime is linear in time, and the (dimensionless) coefficient is calculated to eight significant figures. The local error of the series is quantified by its deviation from satisfying the self-similar Boussinesq equation at every point. The local error turns out to be everywhere positive, hence, so is the integrated error, which in turn quantifies the degree of convergence of the series to the exact solution.

Creativity in the Structure of Professionalism of a Higher School Teacher

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gladilina, Irina Petrovna

2016-01-01

In the science, due to the absence of strict and exact criteria for differentiating between creative and non-creative activities of a human, there is no rather full definition of "creativity" notion despite that this matter was addressed by many scholars. Multifactor field in the science on creativity allows interpreting the essence of…

Bullet-Block Science Video Puzzle

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shakur, Asif

2015-01-01

A science video blog, which has gone viral, shows a wooden block shot by a vertically aimed rifle. The video shows that the block hit dead center goes exactly as high as the one shot off-center. (Fig. 1). The puzzle is that the block shot off-center carries rotational kinetic energy in addition to the gravitational potential energy. This leads a…

Slow-light, band-edge waveguides for tunable time delays.

PubMed

Povinelli, M; Johnson, Steven; Joannopoulos, J

2005-09-05

We propose the use of slow-light, band-edge waveguides for compact, integrated, tunable optical time delays. We show that slow group velocities at the photonic band edge give rise to large changes in time delay for small changes in refractive index, thereby shrinking device size. Figures of merit are introduced to quantify the sensitivity, as well as the accompanying signal degradation due to dispersion. It is shown that exact calculations of the figures of merit for a realistic, three-dimensional grating structure are well predicted by a simple quadratic-band model, simplifying device design. We present adiabatic taper designs that attain <0.1% reflection in short lengths of 10 to 20 times the grating period. We show further that cascading two gratings compensates for signal dispersion and gives rise to a constant tunable time delay across bandwidths greater than 100GHz. Given typical loss values for silicon-on-insulator waveguides, we estimate that gratings can be designed to exhibit tunable delays in the picosecond range using current fabrication technology.

Resonance and Radio

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Starrett, Malin J.

2008-01-01

The science and technology of radio receives little attention in contemporary education. This article discusses ways to explore the basic operating principles of radio. (Contains 4 figures, 3 footnotes, and 2 notes.)

Corrections and clarifications.

PubMed

1994-11-11

The 1994 and 1995 federal science budget appropriations for two of the activities were inadvertently transposed in a table that accompanied the article "Hitting the President's target is mixed blessing for agencies" by Jeffrey Mervis (News & Comment, 14 Oct., p. 211). The correct figures for Defense Department spending on university research are $1.460 billion in 1994 and $1.279 billion in 1995; for research and development at NASA, the correct figures are $9.455 billion in 1994 and $9.824 billion in 1995.

Interaction of A1B1 and BRCA1 in the Development of Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-01

using MCF-7 cellular lysate (Figure 1). In this experiment, BRCA1 was immunoprecipitated with a BRCA1 antibody (Ab2, Oncogene Science) and GammaBind...Sepharose beads (GE Healthcare). AIB1 was detected by immunoblot with an anti-AIB1 antibody (BD Transduction). There was increased association of...EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR as detected with a phosphotyrosine antibody (Figure 8A). This result was then verified with antibodies

Medicine and music: a note on John Hunter (1728-93) and Joseph Haydn (1732-1809).

PubMed

Fu, Louis

2010-05-01

Joseph Haydn was a central figure in the development and growth of the European classical musical tradition in its transition from the Baroque period. John Hunter as the Founder of Scientific Surgery was a dominant figure in 18th-century British medical science. Anne Hunter née Home (1742-1821) was in her own right a figure of some eminence in the literary circles of 18th-century London. Attracted to the burgeoning medical and musical scenes of London, John Hunter married Anne Home and became a famous surgeon; Haydn became acquainted with the Hunters. The people, the opportunities and the circumstances had coincided.

Teaching with External Representations: The Case of a Common Energy-Level Diagram in Chemistry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orgill, MaryKay; Crippen, Kent

2010-01-01

Diagrams and figures play a central role in science and science education. Research has indicated that, when presented and used properly in a classroom setting, these external representations can contribute to students' understanding of scientific concepts; however, it is apparent that students do not always use, understand, interpret, or value…

On the Power of Fine Arts Pictorial Imagery in Science Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Galili, Igal

2013-01-01

The paper describes and illustrates the potential of using pictorial artistic images in supporting teaching scientific concepts and the nature of science. In the first part, the case of Giotto's fresco of stigmatization of St. Francis is described within the interpretation of relationship between the figures as between an object and its…

JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Life Sciences

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-05

Anticholinesterase Activity of Unsaturated Choline Phosphate Analogs [Yu. G. Gololobov, L. F. Kasukhin, et al; DOKLADY AKADEMIINAUK UKRAINSKOY SSR...studied. Figures 3; references 11:11 Russian. JPRS-ULS-89-001 5 January 1989 Biochemistry Anticholinesterase Activity of Unsaturated Choline...acid vinyl esters containing a quaternary atom of nitrogen or phosphorus were studied to deter- mine the anticholinesterase activity of unsaturated

The Future of STEM Education: An Analysis of Two National Reports

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raju, P. K.; Clayson, Ashley

2010-01-01

This article presents an analysis of two major reports discussing the current crisis in STEM education. Both the National Science Board (NSB) and the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) reported alarming facts and figures about the United States' position in the global knowledge economy. The U.S. is no longer…

Embedded Simultaneous Prompting Procedure to Teach STEM Content to High School Students with Moderate Disabilities in an Inclusive Setting

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heinrich, Sara; Collins, Belva C.; Knight, Victoria; Spriggs, Amy D.

2016-01-01

Effects of an embedded simultaneous prompting procedure to teach STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) content to three secondary students with moderate intellectual disabilities in an inclusive general education classroom were evaluated in the current study. Students learned discrete (i.e., geometric figures, science vocabulary, or use of…

Parameter Networks: Towards a Theory of Low-level Vision,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-04-01

8217Iels suc(h ,-s thiose shown in 1ligure 7 to reorganize origami wo.d- figures. Figoure?7. 1’o show an example In detail, Kender’s techn!Ciue for...Compuiter Science Dept, Carnegie-.Mcllon U., October 1979. Kanade, Tl., "A theory of Origami world," CMU-CS-78-144, Computer Science Dept, Carnegie

Stories of Self and Science: Preservice Elementary Teachers' Identity Work through Time and across Contexts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Avraamidou, Lucy

2016-01-01

Grounded in theoretical and empirical underpinnings related to identity work and figured worlds, this case study explores the nature of two preservice elementary teachers' identities for science teaching and the experiences that impacted their development through time and across contexts. The participants in this study portray a range of…

Contributions to Economic Development of Science and Technology Institutions in Nigeria and Opportunities for Bilateral Cooperation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-09-01

interactions among these institutions and between their activities and the activities of production organizations. Figure 1 FUNCTIONS OF THE SCIENCE...32 25. Production of Refrigerators ........ ................. .32 26. Developing the Communications Industry...technology adaptations are infrequent and seldom reflected in production activities. Limited service and maintenance personnel and facilities are unable

Observation, Inference, and Imagination: Elements of Edgar Allan Poe's Philosophy of Science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gelfert, Axel

2014-03-01

Edgar Allan Poe's standing as a literary figure, who drew on (and sometimes dabbled in) the scientific debates of his time, makes him an intriguing character for any exploration of the historical interrelationship between science, literature and philosophy. His sprawling `prose-poem' Eureka (1848), in particular, has sometimes been scrutinized for anticipations of later scientific developments. By contrast, the present paper argues that it should be understood as a contribution to the raging debates about scientific methodology at the time. This methodological interest, which is echoed in Poe's `tales of ratiocination', gives rise to a proposed new mode of—broadly abductive—inference, which Poe attributes to the hybrid figure of the `poet-mathematician'. Without creative imagination and intuition, Science would necessarily remain incomplete, even by its own standards. This concern with imaginative (abductive) inference ties in nicely with his coherentism, which grants pride of place to the twin virtues of Simplicity and Consistency, which must constrain imagination lest it degenerate into mere fancy.

Erwin Schrödinger's Poetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sofronieva, Tzveta

2014-03-01

Many of the major figures in the history of science have produced literary works, but the relationship between their poetic texts and their scientific work is often underestimated. This paper illuminates the poetry of Erwin Schrödinger—one of the premier figures in twentieth-century science, and an accomplished poet in both English and his native German. It discusses existing perceptions of his poetry and challenges the assumptions that his poetic work was a mere hobby unrelated to his other achievements by focusing on the interplay between poetic images and scientific ideas in his German-language poems. It emphasizes that more research is needed on the understated role of bilingualism and of—often marginalized—writing in an adopted language in science and in poetry, with the premise that this feature of Schrödinger's life deserves more study. It argues that Schrödinger's literary imagination and his bilingualism are an integral part of his approach to reality and considers Schrödinger's literary work to be an important aspect of his intellectual heritage.

Applications of mental rotation figures of the Shepard and Metzler type and description of a mental rotation stimulus library.

PubMed

Peters, Michael; Battista, Christian

2008-04-01

The 3D cube figures used by Shepard and Metzler [Shepard, R. N., & Metzler, J. (1971). Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. Science, 171, 701-703] have been applied in a broad range of studies on mental rotation. This note provides a brief background on these figures, their general use in cognitive psychology and their role in studying spatial behavior. In particular, it is pointed out that large sex differences with the 3D mental rotation figures tend to be observed only in particular tasks, such as the Vandenberg and Kuse test [Vandenberg, S. G., & Kuse, A. R. (1978). Mental rotations, a group test of three-dimensional spatial visualization. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 47, 599-604] that involve multiple figures within a single problem. In contrast, pairwise presentation of the same 3D figures yields either small or no significant sex differences. In the context of the very broad range of ongoing research done with 3D figures, and the desirability of uniformity in the stimulus material used, we introduce a library of 16 cube mental rotation figures, each presented in orientations ranging from 0 to 360 degr in 5 degr steps, and with its mirror image, for a total of 2336 figures. This library, freely available to researchers, will help in the creation of mental rotation tasks both for presentation on the computer screen and for pencil and paper applications.

Imitation game

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Follows, Michael

2017-06-01

In response to Bruce Knuteson’s Forum article “Figuring out a handshake” (February p17), in which he suggested that the replication crisis in science could be solved if scientists sold their research.

Clouds over Tharsis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Color composite of condensate clouds over Tharsis made from red and blue images with a synthesized green channel. Mars Orbiter Camera wide angle frames from Orbit 48.

Figure caption from Science Magazine

Large Drought-induced Variations in Oak Leaf Volatile Organic Compound Emissions during PINOT NOIR 2012

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Leaf level oak isoprene emissions and co2/H2O exchange in the Ozarks, USABAGeron.csv is the speciated biomass displayed in Figure 1.Biomass Dry Weights.xlsx is used to convert leaf area to dry leaf biomass and is used in Figure 2.Daly Ozarks leaf ISOP.txt and MOFLUX_Isoprene Summary_refined Tcurve data.xlsx are the leaf isoprene emission rate files shown in Figure 2.Harley Aug12_Chris.xls is the leaf isoprene emission rate file shown in Figure 3.Daly Ozarks leaf.txt is the BVOC emissions file used for Figure 7 and Table 4.Drought IS.txt is the review data given in Table 2.Fig4 Aug10 2012 Harley.txt is shown in Figure 4.Fig 5 Aug14 2012 Harley.txt is shown in Figure 5.Daly Ozarks Leaf.txt is used in Fig 7.Drought IS.txt is used in Fig 8.This dataset is associated with the following publication:Geron , C., R. Daly , P. Harley, R. Rasmussen, R. Seco, A. Guenther, T. Karl, and L. Gu. Large Drought-Induced Variations in Oak Leaf Volatile Organic Compound Emissions during PINOT NOIR 2012. CHEMOSPHERE. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 146: 8-21, (2016).

Balancing acts: A mixed methods study of the figured world of African American 7th graders in urban science classrooms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cleveland-Solomon, Tanya E.

What beliefs and cultural models do youth who are underrepresented in science have about the domain of science and about themselves as science learners? What do they imagine is possible for them in relation to science both now and in the future? In other words, what constitutes their figured world of science? This dissertation study, using a mixed methods design, offers new perspectives on the ways that underrepresented youth's unexamined assumptions or cultural models and resources may shape their identities and motivation to learn science. Through analyses of survey and interview data, I found that urban African American youths' social context, gender, racial identity, and perceptions of the science they had in school influenced their motivation to learn science. Analyses of short-term classroom observations and interviews suggested that students had competing cultural models that they used in their constructions of identities as science learners, which they espoused and adopted in relation to how well they leveraged the science-related cultural resources available to them. Results from this study suggested that these 7th graders would benefit from access to more expansive cultural models through access to individuals with scientific capital as a way to allow them to create fruitful identities as science learners. If we want to ensure that students from groups that are underrepresented in science not only have better outcomes, but aspire to and enter the science career pipeline, we must also begin to support them in their negotiations of competing cultural models that limit their ability to adopt science-learner identities in their classrooms. This study endeavored to understand the particular cultural models and motivational beliefs that drive students to act, and what types of individuals they imagine scientists and science workers to be. This study also examined how cultural models and resources influence identity negotiation, specifically the roles youths envision for themselves as science students.

Evaluation of Visibility Sensors at the Eglin Air Force Base Climatic Chamber.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-10-01

s o t LI a of to -NAIC 6/81- -11 * VIow:1710 tons e- I: l - llO 26 5 6 Os *15 eeas IIg " 25 l5 .0 36 15 lOI (C) RYC (d) FIGURE 5-15. HOMOGENEITY OF...4 inch thick white plastic scattering disk. Since the exact attenuation of a filter can vary by as much as a factor of two, there was no way to...translucent plastic disk as scatterer and was found to be unchanged. The difference in calibration between Event 1 (slope - 0.88) and Event 2 (slope

MAGNETIC BEHAVIOR OF FUNCTIONALLY MODIFIED SPINEL Ni0.4Ca0.6Fe2O4 NANOFERRITE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prasad, Arun S.; Dhawan, M. S.; Dolia, S. N.; Samariya, Arvind; Reddy, V. R.; Singhal, R. K.; Predeep, P.

2011-06-01

The editorial board discovered that the data points in several sections of the Mossbauer spectra as given in Figs. 3(a) and 3(b) are exactly identical. This is impossible and nonphysical for the measurement of two different samples (or for that matter not even for the same sample!). The only conclusion we can draw from this figure is that some of the data is fabricated. As a result, the results and conclusions as described in the paper are unacceptable. This article is retracted from its publication in Int. J. Mod. Phys. B.

Universality of optimal measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tarrach, Rolf; Vidal, Guifré

1999-11-01

We present optimal and minimal measurements on identical copies of an unknown state of a quantum bit when the quality of measuring strategies is quantified with the gain of information (Kullback-or mutual information-of probability distributions). We also show that the maximal gain of information occurs, among isotropic priors, when the state is known to be pure. Universality of optimal measurements follows from our results: using the fidelity or the gain of information, two different figures of merits, leads to exactly the same conclusions for isotropic distributions. We finally investigate the optimal capacity of N copies of an unknown state as a quantum channel of information.

Poster error probability in the Mu-11 Sequential Ranging System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coyle, C. W.

1981-01-01

An expression is derived for the posterior error probability in the Mu-2 Sequential Ranging System. An algorithm is developed which closely bounds the exact answer and can be implemented in the machine software. A computer simulation is provided to illustrate the improved level of confidence in a ranging acquisition using this figure of merit as compared to that using only the prior probabilities. In a simulation of 20,000 acquisitions with an experimentally determined threshold setting, the algorithm detected 90% of the actual errors and made false indication of errors on 0.2% of the acquisitions.

High throughput computing: a solution for scientific analysis

USGS Publications Warehouse

O'Donnell, M.

2011-01-01

handle job failures due to hardware, software, or network interruptions (obviating the need to manually resubmit the job after each stoppage); be affordable; and most importantly, allow us to complete very large, complex analyses that otherwise would not even be possible. In short, we envisioned a job-management system that would take advantage of unused FORT CPUs within a local area network (LAN) to effectively distribute and run highly complex analytical processes. What we found was a solution that uses High Throughput Computing (HTC) and High Performance Computing (HPC) systems to do exactly that (Figure 1).

Investigation of Change in the Computational Technique of the Sun’s Physical Ephemeris in The Astronomical Almanac

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-22

the new method. Initially, Fig. 1 might look a little odd since one might expect P to show a signature of the obliquity , that is, a 23.5◦ oscillation... ecliptic . To clarify the changes and to ensure that the program is working as expected, it is useful to set the Sun’s pole orthogonal to the ecliptic ...Figure 2 shows the same data as Fig. 1, but with this change. The dot-dash line in Fig. 2 shows the effect of obliquity , exactly as expected. The

Norwegian scabies - rare case of atypical manifestation.

PubMed

Ebrahim, Karina Corrêa; Alves, Júlia Barazetti; Tomé, Lísias de Araújo; Moraes, Carlos Floriano de; Gaspar, Arianne Ditzel; Franck, Karin Fernanda; Hussein, Mohamad Ali; Cruz, Lucas Raiser da; Ebrahim, Leonardo Duque; Sidney, Luis Felipe de Oliveira

2016-01-01

Human scabies affects all social classes and different races around the world. It is highly contagious, but the exact figures on its prevalence are unknown. A 19-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency room reporting fever (38°C) and multiple lesions throughout the body, except face, soles, and palms. Lesions were non-pruritic, which hampered the initial diagnostic suspicion. Skin biopsy was performed, and the final diagnosis was crusted scabies (Norwegian). It was concluded that human scabies is a significant epidemic disease, due to its different clinical manifestations, and because it is extremely contagious.

Race, medicine, and health care in the United States: a historical survey.

PubMed Central

Byrd, W. M.; Clayton, L. A.

2001-01-01

Racism in medicine, a problem with roots over 2,500 years old, is a historical continuum that continuously affects African-American health and the way they receive healthcare. Racism is, at least in part, responsible for the fact African Americans, since arriving as slaves, have had the worst health care, the worst health status, and the worst health outcome of any racial or ethnic group in the U.S. Many famous doctors, philosophers, and scientists of each historical era were involved in creating and perpetuating racial inferiority mythology and stereotypes. Such theories were routinely taught in U.S. medical schools in the 18th, 19th, and first half of the 20th centuries. The conceptualization of race moved from the biological to the sociological sphere with the march of science. The atmosphere created by racial inferiority theories and stereotypes, 246 years of black chattel slavery, along with biased educational processes, almost inevitably led to medical and scientific abuse, unethical experimentation, and overutilization of African-Americans as subjects for teaching and training purposes. Images Figure 1. (A) Figure 1. (B) Figure 1. (C) Figure 1. (D) Figure 1. (E) Figure 1. (F) PMID:12653395

Steady-State and Dynamic Desorption of Organic Vapor From Activated Carbon With Electrothermal Swing Adsorption

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

41, 5063-5069 10.1021/es0703022 CCC: $37.00  2007 American Chemical Society VOL. 41, NO. 14, 2007 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 9 5063...system. 5064 9 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / VOL. 41, NO. 14, 2007 occurred with variable pre-defined set-points ranging from 250 to 5000 ppmv...and (d) power and cumulative energy deposited to the ACFC. 5066 9 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / VOL. 41, NO. 14, 2007 (Figure 4). Maximum

Forces. Physical Science in Action[TM]. Schlessinger Science Library. [Videotape].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

2000

Forces are all around. Without them, there would be no movement. In fact, Sir Isaac Newton theorized that a force called inertia actually works to keep things exactly as they are at any given moment! Students will learn about Newton's laws and about how forces affect many aspects of life. With clear demonstrations and a unique hands-on activity,…

Stress/Strain Ratio Effects on Fatigue Response of a SCS-6/Ti-15-3 Metal Matrix Composite at Elevated Temperature.

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-12-01

consisted of a titanium alloy matrix, Figure 1. Turbine Blade Load History [19] Ti-15-3, reinforced with silicon carbide fibers, SCS-6. For this...Composite Science and Technology 1994. 19. Pernot, J. J., Crack Growth Rate Modeling of a Titanium Aluminide Alloy Under Thermal Mechanical Cycling. PhD...Appendix B: Additional Unidirectional, [0]8, Data 102 7. Bibliography 109 8. Vita 112 IV List of Fieures Figure Page 1. Turbine Blade Load

Quantifying uncertainty in climate change science through empirical information theory.

PubMed

Majda, Andrew J; Gershgorin, Boris

2010-08-24

Quantifying the uncertainty for the present climate and the predictions of climate change in the suite of imperfect Atmosphere Ocean Science (AOS) computer models is a central issue in climate change science. Here, a systematic approach to these issues with firm mathematical underpinning is developed through empirical information theory. An information metric to quantify AOS model errors in the climate is proposed here which incorporates both coarse-grained mean model errors as well as covariance ratios in a transformation invariant fashion. The subtle behavior of model errors with this information metric is quantified in an instructive statistically exactly solvable test model with direct relevance to climate change science including the prototype behavior of tracer gases such as CO(2). Formulas for identifying the most sensitive climate change directions using statistics of the present climate or an AOS model approximation are developed here; these formulas just involve finding the eigenvector associated with the largest eigenvalue of a quadratic form computed through suitable unperturbed climate statistics. These climate change concepts are illustrated on a statistically exactly solvable one-dimensional stochastic model with relevance for low frequency variability of the atmosphere. Viable algorithms for implementation of these concepts are discussed throughout the paper.

Making Movies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crompton, Zoe; Davies, Emma

2012-01-01

Children enjoy making movies but can it help them to understand science? In this article, the authors discuss how creating stop-frame animations of salt dissolving can deepen children's understanding of this process. (Contains 1 figure.)

Birth Defects: Cerebral Palsy

MedlinePlus

... Quality Collaboratives Launch Prematurity research centers What is team science? More than 75 years of solving problems ... is CP treated? You can work with a team of health care providers to figure out your ...

The Figured Worlds of High School Science Teachers: Uncovering Three-Dimensional Assessment Decisions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ewald, Megan

As a result of recent mandates of the Next Generation Science Standards, assessments are a "system of meaning" amidst a paradigm shift toward three-dimensional assessments. This study is motivated by two research questions: 1) how do high school science teachers describe their processes of decision-making in the development and use of three-dimensional assessments and 2) how do high school science teachers negotiate their identities as assessors in designing three-dimensional assessments. An important factor in teachers' assessment decision making is how they identify themselves as assessors. Therefore, this study investigated the teachers' roles as assessors through the Sociocultural Identity Theory. The most important contribution from this study is the emergent teacher assessment sub-identities: the modifier-recycler , the feeler-finder, and the creator. Using a qualitative phenomenological research design, focus groups, three-series interviews, think-alouds, and document analysis were utilized in this study. These qualitative methods were chosen to elicit rich conversations among teachers, make meaning of the teachers' experiences through in-depth interviews, amplify the thought processes of individual teachers while making assessment decisions, and analyze assessment documents in relation to teachers' perspectives. The findings from this study suggest that--of the 19 participants--only two teachers could consistently be identified as creators and aligned their assessment practices with NGSS. However, assessment sub-identities are not static and teachers may negotiate their identities from one moment to the next within socially constructed realms of interpretation known as figured worlds. Because teachers are positioned in less powerful figured worlds within the dominant discourse of standardization, this study raises awareness as to how the external pressures from more powerful figured worlds socially construct teachers' identities as assessors. For teachers to re-author their scripts as assessors and create three-dimensional assessments, they first need to be aware of their assessment identity. Furthermore, the findings provide support for teachers to advocate for the development and use of assessments that measure students' three-dimensional learning rather than relying on assessments that are easily "counted."

The Mystery of the Blue Death: A Case Study in Epidemiology and the History of Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Muench, Susan Bandoni

2009-01-01

This case study introduces students to John Snow, considered to be one of the founders of both epidemiology and anesthesiology, and a remarkable figure in the history of science. Although historical case studies are often less popular with students than contemporary issues (Herreid 1998), a number of aspects of this case make it attractive to…

Differential Forms: A New Tool in Economics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mimkes, Jürgen

Econophysics is the transfer of methods from natural to socio-economic sciences. This concept has first been applied to finance1, but it is now also used in various applications of economics and social sciences [2,3]. The present paper focuses on problems in macro economics and growth. 1. Neoclassical theory [4, 5] neglects the “ex post” property of income and growth. Income Y(K, L) is assumed to be a function of capital and labor. But functions cannot model the “ex post” character of income. 2. Neoclassical theory is based on a Cobb Douglas function [6] with variable elasticity α, which may be fitted to economic data. But an undefined elasticity α leads to a descriptive rather than a predictive economic theory. The present paper introduces a new tool - differential forms and path dependent integrals - to macro economics. This is a solution to the problems above: 1. The integral of not exact differential forms is path dependent and can only be calculated “ex post” like income and economic growth. 2. Not exact differential forms can be made exact by an integrating factor, this leads to a new, well defined, unique production function F and a predictive economic theory.

Potential clinical applications of photoacoustics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rosencwaig, A.

1982-09-01

Photoacoustic spectroscopy offers the opportunity for extending the exact science of noninvasive spectral analysis to intact medical substances such as tissues. Thermal-wave imaging offers the potential for microscopic imaging of thermal features in biological matter.

Bridge esthetic guidelines.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-01-01

As esthetics is not an exact science, differences of opinion occur, even between experts; however, studies had found that in most cases there were statistical preferences. These preferences are presented. For the convenience of the designer, a format...

Chapter 1 : Prologue.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-01-01

In 1903 Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first powered : flight. These two brothers from Ohio used experimentation, : exacting science, and perseverance to achieve their historic : breakthrough. Their twelve-second : flight on December 17 led to th...

[A scientific-cultural approach to the Gestalt concept].

PubMed

Huneeus, F

1976-06-01

In the descriptions of the gestalt process formulated by F. S. Perls (Gestalt Therapy Verbatim, Real People Press, Lafayette, 1969) and other gestalt psychologists, it appears as if the gestalt formation was a general and universal tendency of living and non living matter as well. Broadly speaking, they state that a gestalt is something that in itself wants to be formed and completed, something which emerges as a distinct entity (figure) from a undifferentiated environment (background). From experience we know that perceptions of any kind, have this as a prerequisite: the perceived object or process has to out of equilibrium with the environment, otherwise it remains undetectable. On the other hand, the second law of thermodynamics prescribes that the tendency for spontaneous isolated processes is exactly the opposite. With time, processes tend towards equilibrium, things tend to equalize, heterogeneity tends to become homogeneity, order into disorder. Thus these two very important "rules of the game" for natural processes are seemingly contradictory. While one states that matter tends to differentiate into figure and ground, the other states that exactly the opposite is what will occur - with time, all distinction and differentiation will disappear. Of the many problems posed by biological entities to the physical sciences, their obvious differentiation within the growth span of the organism, is a flagrant violation of the second law and hence they, as a whole, escape the realm of thermodynamics. Only living organisms can go against the second law. Living organisms tend to form gestalts and they perceive the world through the formation of gestalt pairs. However, the first man-made creature that knowingly could obviate the results prescribed by the second law, was Maxwell's Demon. He can produce heterogeneity from homogeneity since he can handle information. In Maxwell's hypothetical experiment, his Demon can pick out fast molecules from slow molecules taking a system initially in equilibrium to a new state in which there are differences. Information, in its mathematical context or neg-entropy is thus essential to systems that are out of equilibrium with their environment. In particular this is true of biological organisms. At an early stage genetic information is all that is required to produce differentiation. With growth and differentiation other forms of information come into play. From an engineer's point of view, energy without information does not serve in the production of work. From a psychotherapist's point of view, energy without information does not serve in the production of growth. In all schools of psychotherapy, the therapist can be considered as a Maxwell Demon; the outcome depending on the particular bias of his school. Gestalt Therapy with its strong emphasis on the "awareness of the ongoing process" relies heavily on all organismic functions as the means of producing information relevant to the patient...

Development of an All Solid State 6 kHz Pulse Generator for Driving Free Electron Laser Amplifiers

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-07-16

programs. 1-6 SCIENCE RESEARCH LABORATORY In these efforts, Science Research Laboratory is exploiting recent progress in Silicon Con- trolled Rectifier...electrons in silicon as opposed to the low pressure gas in the thyratron. In addition these all-solid-state SCR-switched drivers can be engineered to...nsec PFN 2-5 C Li Figure 2.3: Electrical schematic and cross-sectional view of SNOMAD-11 SCR corn - mutated pulse compression driver. 2-5 SCIENCE

Ridges in Mars' south polar region

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Complex of rectilinear intersecting ridges in the south polar region. This 20 x 14 km area image (frame 7908) is centered near 81.5 degrees south, 65 degrees west.

Figure caption from Science Magazine

Escondida Mine, Chile

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

[figure removed for brevity, see original site] Figure 1 Click on image for larger version

This ASTER image covers 30 by 37 km in the Atacama Desert, Chile and was acquired on April 23, 2000. The Escondida Cu-Au-Ag open-pit mine is at an elevation of 3050 m, and came on stream in 1990. Current capacity is 127,000 tons/day of ore; in 1999 production totaled 827,000 tons of copper, 150,000 ounces of gold and 3.53 million ounces of silver. Primary concentration of the ore is done on-site; the concentrate is then sent to the coast for further processing through a 170 km long, 9 pipe. Escondida is related geologically to three porphyry bodies intruded along the Chilean West Fissure Fault System. A high grade supergene cap overlies primary sulfide ore. This image is a conventional 3-2-1 RGB composite. Figure 1 displays SWIR bands 4-6-8 in RGB, and highlights lithologic and alteration differences of surface units. The image is located at 24.3 degrees south latitude and 69.1 degrees west longitude.

The U.S. science team is located at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. The Terra mission is part of NASA's Science Mission Directorate.

Tracking and Establishing Provenance of Earth Science Datasets: A NASA-based Example

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ramapriyan, Hampapuram K.; Goldstein, Justin C.; Hua, Hook; Wolfe, Robert E.

2016-01-01

Information quality is of paramount importance to science. Accurate, scientifically vetted and statistically meaningful and, ideally, reproducible information engenders scientific trust and research opportunities. Therefore, so-called Highly Influential Scientific Assessments (HISA) such as the U.S. Third National Climate Assessment undergo a very rigorous process to ensure transparency and credibility. As an activity to support the transparency of such reports, the U.S. Global Change Research Program has developed the Global Change Information System (GCIS). Specifically related to the transparency of NCA3, a recent activity was carried out to trace the provenance as completely as possible for all figures in the NCA3 report that predominantly used NASA data. This paper discusses lessons learned from this activity that trace the provenance of NASA figures in a major HISA-class pdf report.

The magic of numbers: malignant melanoma between science and pseudoscience.

PubMed

Weyers, Wolfgang

2011-06-01

In 2009, a new system for staging and classification of malignant melanoma has been proposed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). The AJCC recommends that staging of primary melanoma be based on 3 criteria, namely, thickness, ulceration, and mitotic rate, the latter substituting Clark levels in the previous classification. In melanomas measuring ≤1 mm in thickness, ulceration or finding of single mitotic figure in the dermis defines stage T1b. According to the AJCC, sentinel lymph node dissection should be considered for those melanomas because of a significantly impaired prognosis. As with other prognostic parameters, however, assessment of mitotic rate, with one mitotic figure being the cutoff point, is highly unreliable, and statistics based on such data lack validity. Despite the large database being employed, they may be pseudoscience rather than science.

Underrepresentation of women in the senior levels of Brazilian science.

PubMed

Valentova, Jaroslava V; Otta, Emma; Silva, Maria Luisa; McElligott, Alan G

2017-01-01

Despite significant progress, there is still a gender gap in science all over the world, especially at senior levels. Some progressive countries are recognizing the need to address barriers to gender equality in order to retain their best scientists and innovators, and ensure research excellence and social and economic returns on the investment made by taxpayers each year on training women scientists. We investigated the gender distribution of: (i) the productivity scholarship (PS) holders of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, N = 13,625), (ii) the members of the Brazilian Academy of Science (Academia Brasileira de Ciências, ABC, N = 899), and (iii) the amount of funding awarded for top quality research ("Universal" Call of CNPq, N = 3,836), between the years of 2013 and 2014. Our findings show evidence for gender imbalances in all the studied indicators of Brazilian science. We found that female scientists were more often represented among PS holders at the lower levels of the research ranking system (2). By contrast, male scientists were more often found at higher levels (1A and 1B) of PS holders, indicating the top scientific achievement, both in "Engineering, Exact Sciences, Earth Sciences", and "Life Sciences". This imbalance was not found in Humanities and Social Sciences. Only 14% of the ABC members were women. Humanities and Applied Social Sciences had a relatively low representation of women in the Academy (3.7%) compared to Engineering, Exact and Earth Sciences: 54.9% and Life Sciences: 41.4%. Finally, female scientists obtained significantly more funding at the lower level of the research ranking system (2), whereas male scientists obtained significantly more funding at the higher levels (1A and 1B). Our results show strong evidence of a gender imbalance in Brazilian science. We hope that our findings will be used to stimulate reforms that will result in greater equality in Brazilian science, and elsewhere.

Magnetic Field-Induced Phase Transformation in Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys with High Actuation Stress and Work Output

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-05-03

Mechanisms for Advanced Properties in Phase Transforming Materials , Materials Science & Technology 2009 Conference, October 25-29, 2009, Pittsburgh, PA...Advanced Properties in Phase Transforming Materials , Materials Science & Technology 2009 Conference, October 25-29, 2009, Pittsburgh, PA, 2009. 11...observed materials behavior. Indeed, measured materials properties were found not to be the exact indication of the materials real response

Study of airborne science experiment management concepts for application to space shuttle. Volume 1: Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mulholland, D. R.; Reller, J. O., Jr.; Neel, C. B.; Haughney, L. C.

1973-01-01

The management concepts and operating procedures are documented as they apply to the planning of shuttle spacelab operations. Areas discussed include: airborne missions; formulation of missions; management procedures; experimenter involvement; experiment development and performance; data handling; safety procedures; and applications to shuttle spacelab planning. Characteristics of the airborne science experience are listed, and references and figures are included.

Music and Drama in Primary Schools in the Madeira Island--Narratives of Ownership and Leadership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mota, Graça; Araújo, Maria Jose

2013-01-01

A three-year-case study funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) from the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education was designed to study a 30-year project of music and drama in primary schools in Madeira. This article reports on the narratives of the three main figures in the project as they elaborate on its…

Women in physics in Mexico: The question of the female scientist

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delgadillo-Holtfort, Isabel; Fernández-Sabido, Silvia; González-Fernández, Belinka; Cárdenas, Ana Laura; Martínez, Amalia; Meza-Montes, Lilia

2015-12-01

This report covers the three principal strategies have been implemented over the last three years to promote better conditions for Mexican women in science: organization of events, forming alliances, and supporting young female scientists. Additionally, figures and facts demonstrate changing gender demographics during the last decade of research as well as numbers of men vs. women in physics, mathematics, and earth sciences.

Advanced Mirror Technology Development (AMTD) for Very Large Space Telescopes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stahl, H. Philip

2013-01-01

Accomplishments include: Assembled outstanding team from academia, industry and government with expertise in science and space telescope engineering. Derived engineering specifications for monolithic primary mirror from science measurement needs & implementation constraints. Pursuing long-term strategy to mature technologies necessary to enable future large aperture space telescopes. Successfully demonstrated capability to make 0.5 m deep mirror substrate and polish it to UVOIR traceable figure specification.

JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Life Sciences.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-02-12

polypeptide chain frag- ments inside protein membranes or on their surfaces using bacteriorhodopsin as the test object. Purple membranes, partially...outside the membrane or close to its surface . A model was developed from these data which involved folding of certain regions of bacteriorhodopsin...into hepatic endothelial and Kupffer cells. These findings point to the putative usefulness of the PLP approach in gene therapy. Figures h

Japan Report, Science and Technology.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-05-06

Figure 17. Microcapsule Type Enzyme Immobilized Membrane Such metabolites as creatinine, uric acid , and vitamin B12 are relatively easily adsorbed by...WEST EUROPE ivory AFRICA (SUB-SAHARA) tan SCIENCE $ TECHNOLOGY gray WORLDWIDES pewter The changes that are of interest to readers of this report...condition and that they are unstable in strong acids , strong bases, organic solvents, and heat. Ordinarily, an enzyme docks with a substrate in an

Exact Solutions, Symmetry Reductions, Painlevé Test and Bäcklund Transformations of A Coupled KdV Equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Min-Hui, XU; Man, JIA

2017-10-01

A coupled KdV equation is studied in this manuscript. The exact solutions, such as the periodic wave solutions and solitary wave solutions by means of the deformation and mapping approach from the solutions of the nonlinear ϕ 4 model are given. Using the symmetry theory, the Lie point symmetries and symmetry reductions of the coupled KdV equation are presented. The results show that the coupled KdV equation possesses infinitely many symmetries and may be considered as an integrable system. Also, the Painlevé test shows the coupled KdV equation possesses Painlevé property. The Bäcklund transformations of the coupled KdV equation related to Painlevé property and residual symmetry are shown. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11675084 and 11435005, Ningbo Natural Science Foundation under Grant No. 2015A610159 and granted by the Opening Project of Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline of Physics Sciences in Ningbo University under Grant No. xkzwl1502, and the authors are sponsored by K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University

VLF-emissions from ring current electrons. An interpretation of the band of missing emissions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maeda, K.; Smith, P. H.; Anderson, R. R.

1976-01-01

VLF-emissions associated with the enhancement of ring current electrons during magnetic storms and substorms which were detected by the equatorially orbiting S-A satellite (Explorer 45) are described. The emissions observed near the geomagnetic equator consist of essentially two frequency regimes, i.e., one above the electron gyrofrequency, f sub H at the equator and the other below f sub H. This is indicated as a part of the wide-band data obtained during the main phase of the December 17, 1971 magnetic storm. The upper figure is the ac-magnetic field data measured by the search-coil magnetometer with the upper cutoff of 3kHz and the lower figure is the ac-electric field data obtained by the electric field sensor with the upper cutoff of 10kHz. These figures show the time sequence of the observed emissions along the inbound orbit (No. 101) of the satellite as f sub H changes approximately from 3 kHz at 20 UT to 6 kHz at 21 UT. The emissions above f sub H are electrostatic mode, which peak near the frequencies of (n + 1/2) f sub H where n is positive integer, and sometimes emissions up to n = 10 are observed. The emissions below f sub H are whistler mode, which have a conspicuous gap along exactly half electron gyrofrequency, f sub H/2.

Planning and Execution for an Autonomous Aerobot

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gaines, Daniel M.; Estlin, Tara A.; Schaffer, Steven R.; Chouinard, Caroline M.

2010-01-01

The Aerial Onboard Autonomous Science Investigation System (AerOASIS) system provides autonomous planning and execution capabilities for aerial vehicles (see figure). The system is capable of generating high-quality operations plans that integrate observation requests from ground planning teams, as well as opportunistic science events detected onboard the vehicle while respecting mission and resource constraints. AerOASIS allows an airborne planetary exploration vehicle to summarize and prioritize the most scientifically relevant data; identify and select high-value science sites for additional investigation; and dynamically plan, schedule, and monitor the various science activities being performed, even during extended communications blackout periods with Earth.

Science 101: What Are the Earth's Heating and Cooling Mechanisms?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robertson, Bill

2015-01-01

In this article, author Bill Robertson attempts to help readers understand some of the Earth's heating and cooling mechanisms and how they relate to global warming. Figures are provided to help facilitate learning.

Identity Crisis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meraw, Leonard J.

2012-01-01

The article presents a simple and highly engaging activity for students involving DNA fingerprints, DNA bands, genotypes, phenotypes, and DNA morphology. The science of DNA fingerprinting, currently done by electrophoresis, extends to all living organisms containing DNA. (Contains 4 figures.)

Why we can't sell what we don't own

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wildes, Andrew

2017-04-01

In response to Bruce Knuteson's Forum article “Figuring out a handshake” (February p17), in which he suggested that the replication crisis in science could be solved if scientists sold their research.

Hebes Chasma #1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Complex variations in dune forms within Hebes Chasma. This northern subframe image, frame 3506, is a 2.3 x 3.6 km area centered near 0.6 degrees south, 76.3 degrees west.

Figure caption from Science Magazine

Hebes Chasma #2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Complex variations in dune forms within Hebes Chasma. This southern subframe image, frame 3506, is a 2.3 x 3.6 km area centered near 0.8 degrees south, 76.3 degrees west

Figure caption from Science Magazine

Candor Chasma

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Complex central deposits in the floor of the Candor Chasma section of Vallis Marineris. This 3.3 x 3.1 km image (frame 8405) is centered near 6.7 degrees south, 75.4 degrees west.

Figure caption from Science Magazine

Magic Physics?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Featonby, David

2010-01-01

This article examines several readily available "magic tricks" which base their "trickery" on physics principles, and questions the use of the word "magic" in the 21st century, both in popular children's science and in everyday language. (Contains 18 figures.)

Comparing subjective contours for Kanizsa squares and linear edge alignments ('New York Titanic' figures).

PubMed

Gillam, Barbara; Marlow, Phillip J

2014-01-01

One current view is that subjective contours may involve high-level detection of a salient shape with back propagation to early visual areas where small receptive fields allow for scrutiny of relevant details. This idea applies to Kanizsa-type figures. However, Gillam and Chan (2002 Psychological Science, 13, 279-282) using figures based on Gillam's graphic 'New York Titanic' (Gillam, 1997 Thresholds: Limits of perception. New York: Arts Magazine) showed that strong subjective contours can be seen along the linearly aligned edges of a set of shapes if occlusion cues of 'extrinsic edge' and 'entropy contrast' are strong. Here we compared ratings of the strength of subjective contours along linear alignments with those seen in Kanizsa figures. The strongest subjective contour for a single set of linearly aligned shapes was similar in strength to the edges of a Kanizsa square (controlling for support ratio) despite the lack of a salient region. The addition of a second set of linearly aligned inducers consistent with a common surface increased subjective-contour strength, as did having four rather than two 'pacmen' in the Kanizsa figure, indicating a role for surface support. We argue that linear subjective contours allow for the investigation of certain occlusion cues and the interactions between them that are not easily explored with Kanizsa figures.

Figures and institutions of the neurological sciences in Paris from 1800 to 1950. Introduction and Part I: Neuroanatomy.

PubMed

Clarac, F; Barbara, J-G; Broussolle, E; Poirier, J

2012-01-01

We present a short historical review on the major institutions and figures that contributed to make Paris a renowned centre of physiology and neurology during the xixth and the first half of the xxth centuries. We purposely chose to focus on the period 1800-1950, as 1800 corresponds to the development of brain science and 1950 marks the true beginning of neuroscience. Our presentation is divided into four chapters, matching the main disciplines which have progressed and contributed the most to the knowledge we have of the brain sciences: anatomy, physiology, neurology, and psychiatry-psychology. The present article is the first of four parts of this review, which includes an introduction followed by the chapter on neuroanatomy and on anatomo-pathology, which includes biographical sketches of Félix Vicq d'Azyr, François-Xavier Bichat, Franz Joseph Gall, Jean Cruveilhier, Jules Bernard Luys, Paul Broca, Louis Ranvier, André-Victor Cornil, Albert Gombault, Jean Nageotte and René Couteaux. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Anti-reductionism at the confluence of philosophy and science: Arthur Koestler and the biological periphery

PubMed Central

Stark, James F.

2016-01-01

The Hungarian-born intellectual Arthur Koestler produced a wide-ranging corpus of written work throughout the mid twentieth century. Despite being the subject of two huge biographies in recent years, his long-standing engagement with numerous scientific disciplines remains unexplored. This paper situates Koestler's scientific philosophy within the context of mid-twentieth-century science and explores his relationship with key figures, including Dennis Gábor, C. H. Waddington, Ludwig von Bertalanffy and J. R. Smythies. The argument presented is threefold. First, surprisingly, serious scientists, particularly in the biological sciences, took Koestler's scientific work seriously; second, despite Koestler's best efforts, his allies could not agree on a single articulation of anti-reductionism; and third, the reductionist/anti-reductionist debates of the mid twentieth century constituted a battle for the authority to speak on behalf of ‘science’ that led Koestler into direct conflict with figures including Peter Medawar. By exploring the community associated with Koestler, the paper sheds new light on the status of scientific authority and the relationship between scientists’ metaphysical beliefs and their practices.

Number as a cognitive technology: evidence from Pirahã language and cognition.

PubMed

Frank, Michael C; Everett, Daniel L; Fedorenko, Evelina; Gibson, Edward

2008-09-01

Does speaking a language without number words change the way speakers of that language perceive exact quantities? The Pirahã are an Amazonian tribe who have been previously studied for their limited numerical system [Gordon, P. (2004). Numerical cognition without words: Evidence from Amazonia. Science 306, 496-499]. We show that the Pirahã have no linguistic method whatsoever for expressing exact quantity, not even "one." Despite this lack, when retested on the matching tasks used by Gordon, Pirahã speakers were able to perform exact matches with large numbers of objects perfectly but, as previously reported, they were inaccurate on matching tasks involving memory. These results suggest that language for exact number is a cultural invention rather than a linguistic universal, and that number words do not change our underlying representations of number but instead are a cognitive technology for keeping track of the cardinality of large sets across time, space, and changes in modality.

Exact traveling wave solutions of fractional order Boussinesq-like equations by applying Exp-function method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahmatullah; Ellahi, Rahmat; Mohyud-Din, Syed Tauseef; Khan, Umar

2018-03-01

We have computed new exact traveling wave solutions, including complex solutions of fractional order Boussinesq-Like equations, occurring in physical sciences and engineering, by applying Exp-function method. The method is blended with fractional complex transformation and modified Riemann-Liouville fractional order operator. Our obtained solutions are verified by substituting back into their corresponding equations. To the best of our knowledge, no other technique has been reported to cope with the said fractional order nonlinear problems combined with variety of exact solutions. Graphically, fractional order solution curves are shown to be strongly related to each other and most importantly, tend to fixate on their integer order solution curve. Our solutions comprise high frequencies and very small amplitude of the wave responses.

XRF and XANES Data for Kaplan U Paper

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The dataset contains two XRF images of iron and uranium distribution on plant roots and a database of XANES data used to produce XANES spectra figure for Figure 7 in the published paper.This dataset is associated with the following publication:Kaplan, D., R. Kukkadapu, J. Seaman, B. Arey, A. Dohnalkova, S. Buettner, D. Li, T. Varga, K. Scheckel, and P. Jaffe. Iron Mineralogy and Uranium-Binding Environment in the Rhizosphere of a Wetland Soil. D. Barcelo SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier BV, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 569: 53-64, (2016).

Food for Thought.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Knight, Ruth

1984-01-01

Discusses various ways in which snacks are used as the focal point of science lessons. They include writing a laboratory report after experimenting (and eating) lollipops and preparing peanut butter and jelly sandwiches following the exact directions supplied by students. (JN)

Biopsy

MedlinePlus

... report). The biopsy test is not an exact science. In cases of difficult or unusual problems, second opinions can be helpful. Back to Index The medical information provided in this site is for educational purposes only and is the property of the American ...

Penny for Your Reference

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

15 April 2004 This close-up image of a penny shows the degree to which the microscopic imager on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit can zoom in on a target. The penny is seen exactly as it would be on Mars if it were placed under the microscopic imager. This picture was taken by the imager during testing at JPL.

[figure removed for brevity, see original site] Spirit's Microscopic Vision Demonstrated

This close-up image of a penny shows the power of the microscopic imager onboard the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit to see fine details. The picture was taken by the imager during testing at JPL.

Circle of influence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robinson, Andrew

2018-04-01

The founder of the Vienna Circle – a polymathic and influential group of intellectuals dedicated to the philosophy of science from the late 1920s until the Nazi takeover of Austria in 1938 – was German philosopher and physicist Moritz Schlick. Karl Sigmund's latest book – Exact Thinking in Demented Times: the Vienna Circle and the Epic Quest for the Foundations of Science – tells the story of the Vienna Circle's ideas and personalities.

Simulating Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Markowitz, Dina; Holt, Susan

2011-01-01

Students use manipulative models and small-scale simulations that promote learning of complex biological concepts. The authors have developed inexpensive wet-lab simulations and manipulative models for "Diagnosing Diabetes," "A Kidney Problem?" and "A Medical Mystery." (Contains 5 figures and 3 online resources.)

ASE in Action

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Education in Science, 2012

2012-01-01

This article talks about the death of Audrey Randall, a passionate supporter of the Association and a hugely significant figure in the history of primary science education. It presents the testimonial of Peter Borrows, a colleague and Chair of Home Counties region.

The Apollo Program and Lunar Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuiper, Gerard P.

1973-01-01

Discusses the history of the Vanguard project and the findings in Ranger records and Apollo missions, including lunar topography, gravity anomalies, figure, and chemistry. Presented are speculative remarks on the research of the origin of the Moon. (CC)

Tithonium Chasma/Ius Chasma

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Banded outcrops in walls of Tithonium Chasma/Ius Chasma section of Vallis Marineris. This 4.6 x 4.3 km image (frame 1303) is centered near 6.6 degrees south, 90.4 degrees west.

Figure caption from Science Magazine

Textures in south polar ice cap #1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Textures of the south polar permanent residual ice cap and polar layered terrains. This 30 x 29 km area image (frame 7709) is centered near 87 degrees south, 77 degrees west.

Figure caption from Science Magazine

Textures in south polar ice cap #2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Textures of the south polar permanent residual ice cap and polar layered terrains. This 15 x 14 km area image (frame 7306) is centered near 87 degrees south, 341 degrees west.

Figure caption from Science Magazine

Crommelin Crater #1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Dunes in etch pits and troughs in Crommelin Crater in the Oxia Palus area. This 3.2 x 3.5 km image (frame 3001) is centered near 4.1 degrees north, 5.3 degrees west.

Figure caption from Science Magazine

Massive Intrapelvic Hematoma after a Pubic Ramus Fracture in an Osteoporotic Patient

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Haruki, Funao, E-mail: hfunao@yahoo.co.jp; Takahiro, Koyanagi

2016-03-24

An 88-year-old female presented with a left thigh pain and dysuria. She visited our hospital 2 week after she noticed her symptoms. She stated that she might have a low-energy fall, but she could not identify the exact onset. Her radiograph of the pelvis (Figure 1) showed displaced left pubic ramus fracture. Her computed tomographic scanning of the pelvis (Figure 2) showed massive intrapelvic hematoma (axial size, 11 cm by 5 cm) around the fracture site, although she did not use any anticoagulants. Because her bone mineral density was 0.357 g/cm{sup 2}, and T score was -4.8 SD, she startedmore » a bisphosphonate therapy. She received a bed-rest physical therapy for 6 weeks, and the hematoma regressed spontaneously. She started full weight bearing after 6 weeks, and walked by a walker after 8 weeks. Although it is extremely rare to develop massive chronic intra-pelvic hematoma after a lowenergy pubic ramus fracture without any use of anticoagulants, it may occur in elderly and severely osteoporotic patient.« less

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HEBB AND VYGOTSKY TO AN INTEGRATED SCIENCE OF MIND

PubMed Central

Ghassemzadeh, Habibollah; Posner, Michael I.; Rothbart, Mary K.

2013-01-01

Hebb and Vygotsky are two of the most influential figures of psychology in the first half of the 20th century. They represent cultural and biological approaches to explaining human development, and thus a number of their ideas remain relevant to current psychology and cognitive neuroscience. In this paper we examine similarities and differences between these two important figures, exploring possibilities for a theoretical synthesis between their two literatures, which have had little contact each other. To pursue these goals the following topics are discussed: 1) Hebb and Vygotsky’s lives and training; 2) their innovations in theory building relating to an “objective psychology” and objective science of mind, 3) their developmental approach, 4) their treatment of mediation and neuropsychology and 5) their current relevance and possible integration of their views. We argue that considering the two together improves prospects for a more complete and integrated approach to mind and brain in society. PMID:23679195

Contributions of Hebb and Vygotsky to an integrated science of mind.

PubMed

Ghassemzadeh, Habibollah; Posner, Michael I; Rothbart, Mary K

2013-01-01

Hebb and Vygotsky are two of the most influential figures of psychology in the first half of the twentieth century. They represent cultural and biological approaches to explaining human development, and thus a number of their ideas remain relevant to current psychology and cognitive neuroscience. In this article, we examine similarities and differences between these two important figures, exploring possibilities for a theoretical synthesis between their two literatures, which have had little contact with each other. To pursue these goals, the following topics are discussed: (a) Hebb and Vygotsky's lives and training; (b) their innovations in theory building relating to an "objective psychology" and objective science of mind; (c) their developmental approach; (d) their treatment of mediation and neuropsychology; and (e) their current relevance and possible integration of their views. We argue that considering the two together improves prospects for a more complete and integrated approach to mind and brain in society.

Underrepresentation of women in the senior levels of Brazilian science

PubMed Central

Otta, Emma; Silva, Maria Luisa

2017-01-01

Despite significant progress, there is still a gender gap in science all over the world, especially at senior levels. Some progressive countries are recognizing the need to address barriers to gender equality in order to retain their best scientists and innovators, and ensure research excellence and social and economic returns on the investment made by taxpayers each year on training women scientists. We investigated the gender distribution of: (i) the productivity scholarship (PS) holders of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, N = 13,625), (ii) the members of the Brazilian Academy of Science (Academia Brasileira de Ciências, ABC, N = 899), and (iii) the amount of funding awarded for top quality research (“Universal” Call of CNPq, N = 3,836), between the years of 2013 and 2014. Our findings show evidence for gender imbalances in all the studied indicators of Brazilian science. We found that female scientists were more often represented among PS holders at the lower levels of the research ranking system (2). By contrast, male scientists were more often found at higher levels (1A and 1B) of PS holders, indicating the top scientific achievement, both in “Engineering, Exact Sciences, Earth Sciences”, and “Life Sciences”. This imbalance was not found in Humanities and Social Sciences. Only 14% of the ABC members were women. Humanities and Applied Social Sciences had a relatively low representation of women in the Academy (3.7%) compared to Engineering, Exact and Earth Sciences: 54.9% and Life Sciences: 41.4%. Finally, female scientists obtained significantly more funding at the lower level of the research ranking system (2), whereas male scientists obtained significantly more funding at the higher levels (1A and 1B). Our results show strong evidence of a gender imbalance in Brazilian science. We hope that our findings will be used to stimulate reforms that will result in greater equality in Brazilian science, and elsewhere. PMID:29302384

Delving within: the new science of the unconscious.

PubMed

Paulson, Steve; Berlin, Heather A; Ginot, Efrat; Makari, George

2017-10-01

What exactly is the relationship between conscious awareness and the unconscious mind? How, for example, does the brain classify and sort its different functions into conscious or unconscious processes? How has the history of human conceptualizations about the unconscious influenced current theories? Steve Paulson, executive producer of To the Best of Our Knowledge, moderated a discussion among neuroscientist Heather Berlin, psychologist Efrat Ginot, and psychiatrist George Makari to shed light on the history of the mind and the latest insights into the still emerging science of the unconscious. © 2017 New York Academy of Sciences.

Quantum Transport and Optoelectronics in Gapped Graphene Nanodevices

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-11-30

profile publications, including two papers in Science[1, 2], two in Nature Physics[3, 4], two in Nature Nanotechnology [5, 6], two in Nature Communications...The above results have been published in Science [1]and Nature Nanotechnology [6]. Continuing this line of work, we performed a systematic...constituent layers in van der Waals heterostructures. This work was published in Nature Nanotechnology [5]. Figure 3. Real-space imaging of

JPRS Report, Science & Technology, Japan, 28th Ceramics Science Discussion

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-11-13

U non doped "5 Ag powder A 60 120 180 140 300 Temperature (K) Figure 1. Plots or Resistivity Vs. Temperature for YBa 2 Cu 30Y to Which Different...Yasuharu Kodama, et al.] ........................ 13 -a - Superplasticity of Hydroxyapatite [Fumihiro Wakai, Yasuharu Kodama, et al...67 Synthesis of Ag -Added Bi-Pb-Ca-Cu-O Powder by Spray Drying, Superconductivity of Powder [Hiroko Higuma, Mitsunobu Wakata, et al

Faculty Science Positions Continue to Elude Women of Color: Oklahoma Professor's Study Finds Hiring, Tenure Remain Stumbling Blocks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hamilton, Kendra

2004-01-01

Women and underrepresented minorities are receiving the doctorate in record numbers these days. For example, women got 45 percent and minorities 19 percent of the 39,955 doctoral degrees awarded in 2000, and both figures were all-time highs. So it comes as something of a surprise to learn that senior academic women in science and engineering are…

Federal Support for Research and Development

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

Nonprofits State and Local Governments 0 B In recent years, the share of federal research funding allocated to the life sciences has expanded, an empha...sis supported by the high rates of returns to life sci- ences research that some studies have reported. But other studies indicate that researchers...changed over time, with the life sciences accounting for an increasing share of federal research spending since the 1990s (see Summary Figure 5

The Land of Opportunity: Human Return to Meridiani Planum

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cohen, Barbara A.; Seibert, Michael A.

2015-01-01

Meridiani Planum is a broad expanse of Martian real estate possessing extremely safe landing characteristics and extensive areas with high trafficability, with compelling science motivations to decipher the climatic and hydrologic evolution of Mars and potential for resource extraction. We propose southwestern Meridiani Planum as a potential landing site for human exploration of Mars. Figure 1 shows our proposed exploration zone (EZ) and several potential science regions of interest (ROIs)

Present Status of Physics Research in Spain: Some Impressionistic Remarks,

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-03-08

Asesora de eration and Development (OECD) publica- Investigacion Cientffica y Tecnica tion, "Science and Technology Indica- (CAICYT), which is an...interministerial tors: Resources Devoted to R&D" (Paris, body closely tied to the Direcion Gener- 1984), places Spain in the category of al de Politica...does not itself gious university departments. " ... facilitate the establishment of de - Another important figure to remem- sirable science policy

Body image attitude among Chinese college students.

PubMed

Wang, Kui; Liang, Rui; Ma, Zhen-Ling; Chen, Jue; Cheung, Eric F C; Roalf, David R; Gur, Ruben C; Chan, Raymond C K

2018-03-01

The present study aimed to examine body image attitude in Chinese college students and related psychological consequences. A silhouette-matching test was administered to 425 college students in mainland China. Self-esteem, negative emotions, subjective well-being, and eating-disorder-related weight-controlling behaviors were also measured. Only 12.9% of the participants were satisfied with their figure and the extent of body image dissatisfaction was comparable for both sexes. The majority of the female participants indicated a preference to be more slender. Their ideal figure was underweight and was far smaller than the most attractive female figure chosen by male participants. For male participants, the proportion wanting a fuller figure was comparable to that wanting a slimmer figure. Among female participants, body image dissatisfaction negatively correlated with self-esteem and subjective well-being, and positively correlated with negative emotions. Drive for thinness correlated with eating-disorder-related weight-controlling behaviors not only for females, but also for males. Body image dissatisfaction, as a diagnostic feature for major subtypes of eating disorders, may signal serious concern among Chinese college students. © 2018 The Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Federico Delpino and the foundation of plant biology.

PubMed

Mancuso, Stefano

2010-09-01

In 1867, Federico Delpino, with his seminal work "Pensieri sulla biologia vegetale" (Thoughts on plant biology) established plant biology by defining it not in the broad general sense, namely as the science of living beings, but as a branch of natural science dedicated to the study of plant life in relation to the environment. Today, the figure and achievements of this outstanding plant scientist it is almost unknown. In the following pages, I will concisely describe the main realizations of Federico Delpino and outline the significance of his work for modern plant science.

Federico Delpino and the foundation of plant biology

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

In 1867, Federico Delpino, with his seminal work Pensieri sulla Biologia Vegetale (Thoughts on Plant Biology) established plant biology by defining it not in the broad general sense, namely as the science of living beings, but as a branch of natural science dedicated to the study of plant life in relation to the environment. Today, the figure and achievements of this outstanding plant scientist is almost unknown. In the following pages, I will concisely describe the main realizations of Federico Delpino and outline the significance of his work for modern plant science. PMID:21490417

A century of Gestalt psychology in visual perception: I. Perceptual grouping and figure-ground organization.

PubMed

Wagemans, Johan; Elder, James H; Kubovy, Michael; Palmer, Stephen E; Peterson, Mary A; Singh, Manish; von der Heydt, Rüdiger

2012-11-01

In 1912, Max Wertheimer published his paper on phi motion, widely recognized as the start of Gestalt psychology. Because of its continued relevance in modern psychology, this centennial anniversary is an excellent opportunity to take stock of what Gestalt psychology has offered and how it has changed since its inception. We first introduce the key findings and ideas in the Berlin school of Gestalt psychology, and then briefly sketch its development, rise, and fall. Next, we discuss its empirical and conceptual problems, and indicate how they are addressed in contemporary research on perceptual grouping and figure-ground organization. In particular, we review the principles of grouping, both classical (e.g., proximity, similarity, common fate, good continuation, closure, symmetry, parallelism) and new (e.g., synchrony, common region, element and uniform connectedness), and their role in contour integration and completion. We then review classic and new image-based principles of figure-ground organization, how it is influenced by past experience and attention, and how it relates to shape and depth perception. After an integrated review of the neural mechanisms involved in contour grouping, border ownership, and figure-ground perception, we conclude by evaluating what modern vision science has offered compared to traditional Gestalt psychology, whether we can speak of a Gestalt revival, and where the remaining limitations and challenges lie. A better integration of this research tradition with the rest of vision science requires further progress regarding the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the Gestalt approach, which is the focus of a second review article.

A Century of Gestalt Psychology in Visual Perception I. Perceptual Grouping and Figure-Ground Organization

PubMed Central

Wagemans, Johan; Elder, James H.; Kubovy, Michael; Palmer, Stephen E.; Peterson, Mary A.; Singh, Manish; von der Heydt, Rüdiger

2012-01-01

In 1912, Max Wertheimer published his paper on phi motion, widely recognized as the start of Gestalt psychology. Because of its continued relevance in modern psychology, this centennial anniversary is an excellent opportunity to take stock of what Gestalt psychology has offered and how it has changed since its inception. We first introduce the key findings and ideas in the Berlin school of Gestalt psychology, and then briefly sketch its development, rise, and fall. Next, we discuss its empirical and conceptual problems, and indicate how they are addressed in contemporary research on perceptual grouping and figure-ground organization. In particular, we review the principles of grouping, both classical (e.g., proximity, similarity, common fate, good continuation, closure, symmetry, parallelism) and new (e.g., synchrony, common region, element and uniform connectedness), and their role in contour integration and completion. We then review classic and new image-based principles of figure-ground organization, how it is influenced by past experience and attention, and how it relates to shape and depth perception. After an integrated review of the neural mechanisms involved in contour grouping, border-ownership, and figure-ground perception, we conclude by evaluating what modern vision science has offered compared to traditional Gestalt psychology, whether we can speak of a Gestalt revival, and where the remaining limitations and challenges lie. A better integration of this research tradition with the rest of vision science requires further progress regarding the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the Gestalt approach, which will be the focus of a second review paper. PMID:22845751

The role of history in science.

PubMed

Creath, Richard

2010-01-01

The case often made by scientists (and philosophers) against history and the history of science in particular is clear. Insofar as a field of study is historical as opposed to law-based, it is trivial. Insofar as a field attends to the past of science as opposed to current scientific issues, its efforts are derivative and, by diverting attention from acquiring new knowledge, deplorable. This case would be devastating if true, but it has almost everything almost exactly wrong. The study of history and the study of laws are not mutually exclusive, but unavoidably linked. Neither can be pursued without the other. Much the same can be said of the history of science. The history of science is neither a distraction from "real" science nor even merely a help to science. Rather, the history of science is an essential part of each science. Seeing that this is so requires a broader understanding of both history and science.

Using Technology in the Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boles, Stephanie Reeve

2011-01-01

The author describes how she has come to use technology in her classroom over the years. Her main topics include using the internet, experiencing podcasts, using technology for assessment, and recording results from science research. (Contains 3 online resources and 5 figures.)

Science Application of Area and Ratio Concepts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horak, Virginia M.

2006-01-01

This article describes using area and ratio concepts to examine why some animals, or people wearing different types of shoes, sink into the surface on which they are standing. Students compute "sinking values" to explain these differences. (Contains 2 figures.)

Thermal Imaging in the Science Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Short, Daniel B.

2012-01-01

Thermal cameras are useful tools for use in scientific investigation and for teaching scientific concepts to students in the classroom. Demonstrations of scientific phenomena can be greatly enhanced visually by the use of this cutting-edge technology. (Contains 7 figures.)

Medusae Fossae #2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Extensive wind-swept plains of the Medusae Fossae formation on Mars. This southern subframe image, frame 3104, is of a 3.0 x 4.7 km area centered near 2.0 degrees north, 163.8 degrees west.

Figure caption from Science Magazine

Medusae Fossae #1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Extensive wind-swept plains of the Medusae Fossae formation on Mars. This northern subframe image, frame 3104, is of a 3.0 x 4.7 km area centered near 2.4 degrees north, 163.8 degrees west.

Figure caption from Science Magazine

Sandia National Laboratories: News: Image Gallery

Science.gov Websites

Environmental Management System Pollution Prevention History 60 impacts Diversity Locations Facts & Figures Programs Nuclear Weapons About Nuclear Weapons Safety & Security Weapons Science & Technology Robotics R&D 100 Awards Laboratory Directed Research & Development Technology Deployment Centers

IOMEDEX Sound Velocity Analysis and Environmental Data Summary

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-08-01

WORK UNIT NUMBERS INaval OceaIoogra-~hic Office Coup 61,S0 - Lashi..qton, DC 20373 _____________________ I - CNTOLIN OFIE AM AD DDES...exact nature of the exercise can be found in the IOMEDEX LRAPP Operation Order (Maury Center for Ocean Science , 1971). Much of the analysis contained...in this report has appeared previously in the IOM[DEX Synopsis Report (Maury Center for Ocean Science , 1972a) and in the IGMEDEX Summary Report (Maury

Mutagenic Potential of 4-Nitrophenyl Monochloromethyl (Phenyl) Phosphinate Using the Drosophila melanogaster Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-08-01

chromosomes were tested from the concurrent negative control. This sample size was adequate for analysis using the Fisher’s Exact test ( personal communication...study may be regarded as adequate ( personal communication - Dr. Gildengorin, Statistician, Information Sciences, Letterman Army Institute of Research...Health Sciences 0917 Arlington Road Bethesda MD 20014 CM nd Commander US Army Euvaoomens Hygine Agency US Army Research Institute Abardan Proving Ground MD

Collective Properties of Neural Systems and Their Relation to Other Physical Models

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-08-05

been computed explicitly. This has been achieved algorithmically by utilizing methods introduced earlier. It should be emphasized that in addition to...Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences. K’oto Universin. K roto 606. .apan and E. BAROUCH Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciene. Clarkon...Mathematics and Computer Science, Clarkson University, where this work was collaborated. References I. IBabu, S. V. and Barouch E., An exact soIlution for the

Density-Dependent Conformable Space-time Fractional Diffusion-Reaction Equation and Its Exact Solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hosseini, Kamyar; Mayeli, Peyman; Bekir, Ahmet; Guner, Ozkan

2018-01-01

In this article, a special type of fractional differential equations (FDEs) named the density-dependent conformable fractional diffusion-reaction (DDCFDR) equation is studied. Aforementioned equation has a significant role in the modelling of some phenomena arising in the applied science. The well-organized methods, including the \\exp (-φ (\\varepsilon )) -expansion and modified Kudryashov methods are exerted to generate the exact solutions of this equation such that some of the solutions are new and have been reported for the first time. Results illustrate that both methods have a great performance in handling the DDCFDR equation.

A Data-Driven Framework for Rapid Modeling of Wireless Communication Channels

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

Committee Chair Mathias Kolsch Joel Young Associate Professor of Computer Science Assistant Professor of Computer Science Timothy Chung John J . Leonard...74 xiii Figure 7.8 RSS measurements (relative to S2 buoy) partitioned into 4 groupings anno - tated by the red, green blue and magenta...distribution of this random variable. Suppose it was possible to take additional measurements at other locations (x j | x j 6= xi). In order to do

Into the Curriculum. Art: Pueblo Storyteller Figures [and] Physical Education: Games That Rely on Feet [and] Reading/Language Arts: Movie Reviews [and] Reading/Language Arts: Reader's Choice [and] Science: Float or Sink [and] Social Studies: Buildings and Designs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crane, Jean; Rains, Annette

1996-01-01

Presents six curriculum guides for art, physical education, reading/language arts, science, and social studies. Each guide identifies library media skills objectives; curriculum objectives; grade levels; print and nonprint resources; instructional roles; the activity; and procedures for completion, evaluation, and follow-up activities. (AEF)

USSR and Eastern Europe Scientific Abstracts, Materials Science and Metallurgy, Number 47

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-09-27

temperature intervals may vary and depends on the composition and previous heat treatment history of the alloy. Figures 2; references 13: 1 Russian, 12... HISTORY OF AMg6 ALLOY INTERMEDIATE WORKPIECES ON THE TIGHTNESS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WELDS Kiev AVTOMATICHESKAYA SVARKA In Russian No 5(290), May...of Sciences Ukrainian SSR [Abstract] The effect of flux composition during argon-arc welding of titani - um with a nonconsumable electrode on melting

CES_EHP_Figure_2

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The increasing number of chemicals for which SHEDS probabilistic exposure assessment has been performed over the yearsThis dataset is associated with the following publication:Egeghy , P., L. Sheldon, K. Isaacs , H. Ozkaynak, M. Goldsmith, J. Wambaugh , R. Judson , and T. Buckley. Computational Exposure Science: An Emerging Discipline to Support 21st-Century Risk Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 124(6): 697–702, (2016).

Poetry, Nature and Science: Romantic Nature Philosophy in the Works of Novalis and E. T. a. Hoffmann

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weisend, Ausma Skerbele

The nature philosophy of the early Romantic period in Germany attempted to find a synthesis of science and philosophy in a new philosophy of nature. This philosophy was first formulated by F. W. J. Schelling and influenced by the galvanic experiments of J. W. Ritter. Novalis is a unique figure in romanticism since he combines scientific expertise with philosophical insight and poetic imagination. In Lehrlinge zu Sais he explores the significance of nature's language and presents different relationships between man and nature. Novalis thinks that a synthesis of all divergent elements in nature and society is necessary to transform the world. In Klingsohrs Marchen this transformation is accomplished by poetic activation of the physical sciences and by the power of love. After 1800 the romantic movement becomes interested in the problems of subconscious and abnormal psychological states, which are seen as contacts with a more spiritual level of existence. These ideas, expressed in a popular form by G. H. Schubert, provide a rich source of materials for E. T. A. Hoffmann, who elevates the realms of poetry and music in his fairy tales, but sees only negative qualities in science. Hoffmann's protagonists find that love, music, and poetry are the greatest forces in life. The figure of the scientist becomes an evil magician with no regard for human values. The romantic movement failed to unite the values of humanities with the insights of physical sciences. The problem of autonomy isolates both modern science and modern literature from the ethical values of society.

Senator Fred Harris's National Social Science Foundation proposal: Reconsidering federal science policy, natural science-social science relations, and American liberalism during the 1960s.

PubMed

Solovey, Mark

2012-03-01

During the 1960s, a growing contingent of left-leaning voices claimed that the social sciences suffered mistreatment and undue constraints within the natural science-dominated federal science establishment. According to these critics, the entrenched scientific pecking order in Washington had an unreasonable commitment to the unity of the sciences, which reinforced unacceptable inequalities between the social and the natural sciences. The most important political figure who advanced this critique, together with a substantial legislative proposal for reform, was the Oklahoma Democratic Senator Fred Harris. Yet histories of science and social science have told us surprisingly little about Harris. Moreover, existing accounts of his effort to create a National Social Science Foundation have misunderstood crucial features of this story. This essay argues that Harris's NSSF proposal developed into a robust, historically unique, and increasingly critical liberal challenge to the post-World War II federal science establishment's treatment of the social sciences as "second-class citizens."

Storytelling Adds Meaning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Selby, Victor M.

2009-01-01

This article describes several enrichment activities that connect mathematics to science in an algebra 1 curriculum. It provides a basis and suggestions for teachers to include student-produced essays about the role of mathematics in the history of civilization. (Contains 6 figures and 1 table.)

TOmographic Remote Observer of Ionospheric Disturbances

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-11-15

ionosphere . The proposed spacecraft was an evolutionary design from the USUSat, Combat Sentinel, and USUSat II programs whose histories are shown in...Figure 1. The primary science instrument, TOROID for TOmographic Remote Observer of Ionospheric Disturbances, is a photometer for measuring the

Sandia National Laboratories: National Security Missions: International

Science.gov Websites

Prevention History 60 impacts Diversity Locations Facts & Figures Programs Nuclear Weapons About Nuclear Weapons Safety & Security Weapons Science & Technology Defense Systems & Assessments About Directed Research & Development Technology Deployment Centers Working With Sandia Working With Sandia

Photonics in Switching. Organization of the 1993 Photonics Science Topical Meetings Held in Palm Springs, California on March 15 - 17, 1993. Technical Digest

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-03-17

placed on the number of inputs and outputs. For the TeO2 material used in this design, the TB is approximately 1000. Due to the over-resolved...Design of the acoustooptic crossbar switch Figure 2 shows a numerical simulation of the momentum space of an 8 by 8 switch in TeO2 . This switch...results Figure 4 shows switching results from a preliminary demonstration of a three by three switch in a beam-steered flint glass cell. The scope trace

(Congressional) Center for Microplasma Science and Technology

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-29

Flexible Tubing Plasma Jet (a.k.a plasma snake) We made the device using Ar and He as working gases, Teflon tubing, copper tape as electrode(s) and a...An advantage of these Cap‐DBDs over  planar or coaxial DBDs is their geometry; the open  space  surrounding each tube allows active species created by...plasma. The gap width between tubes influences both the area and shape of the Lissajous figures ( Figure 8, middle). For the larger spacing , the

[The two (and more) cultures of the "clone". Utopia and fiction in post-war discourses of life sciences].

PubMed

Brandt, Christina

2009-01-01

Since the late 1950s, "two cultures" has become a catch phrase for describing a deep divide between science and literature. When Charles P. Snow, who initiated this discussion, introduced the notion of "two cultures" in a lecture at the University in Cambridge in 1959, he referred to an incompatibility of scientific and literary worldviews in Western Societies. His thesis of two contradicting cultures immediately received a huge variety of different responses from philosophers, scientists, novelists and literary scholars. However, this article argues that this widespread debate was part of a broader post-war discourse on the impact of modern science on society, in which especially the idea of "scientific progress" was at stake. Central to this debate was the question of how scientific and technological progress could affect the notion of the "human" itself. The paper analyses the emerging discourse on cloning against this background. The constitutive role of fiction and imagination in both fields, science and literature, is explored by tracing the scientific, utopian and literary cultures in which figures of human clones have taken different shapes since the 1960s. At that time, scientists developed utopian views in which the "clone" became a metaphor for future possibilities of transcending and reshaping the human nature. Science fiction writers reacted to this by portraying the human clone as an individual and by depicting human clone figures in a psychological way

Deuterium REDOR: Principles and Applications for Distance Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sack, I.; Goldbourt, A.; Vega, S.; Buntkowsky, G.

1999-05-01

The application of short composite pulse schemes ([figure] and [figure]) to the rotational echo double-resonance (REDOR) spectroscopy ofX-2H (X: spin{1}/{2}, observed) systems with large deuterium quadrupolar interactions has been studied experimentally and theoretically and compared with simple 180° pulse schemes. The basic properties of the composite pulses on the deuterium nuclei have been elucidated, using average Hamiltonian theory, and exact simulations of the experiments have been achieved by stepwise integration of the equation of motion of the density matrix. REDOR experiments were performed on15N-2H in doubly labeled acetanilide and on13C-2H in singly2H-labeled acetanilide. The most efficient REDOR dephasing was observed when [figure] composite pulses were used. It is found that the dephasing due to simple 180° deuterium pulses is about a factor of 2 less efficient than the dephasing due to the composite pulse sequences and thus the range of couplings observable byX-2H REDOR is enlarged toward weaker couplings, i.e., larger distances. From these experiments the2H-15N dipolar coupling between the amino deuteron and the amino nitrogen and the2H-13C dipolar couplings between the amino deuteron and the α and β carbons have been elucidated and the corresponding distances have been determined. The distance data from REDOR are in good agreement with data from X-ray and neutron diffraction, showing the power of the method.

USSR Report, Science and Technology Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-02

seems to me that your articles in LITERATURNAYA GAZETA, which are devoted to various manifestations of pseudoscience , are useful. 0. M.: Since you...education. Many holders of diplomas are today enthusiasts of pseudoscience . That is exactly why its verbal environment—the use of scientific concepts

Gender differences in national assessment of educational progress science items: What does i don't know really mean?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Linn, Marcia C.; de Benedictis, Tina; Delucchi, Kevin; Harris, Abigail; Stage, Elizabeth

The National Assessment of Educational Progress Science Assessment has consistently revealed small gender differences on science content items but not on science inquiry items. This assessment differs from others in that respondents can choose I don't know rather than guessing. This paper examines explanations for the gender differences including (a) differential prior instruction, (b) differential response to uncertainty and use of the I don't know response, (c) differential response to figurally presented items, and (d) different attitudes towards science. Of these possible explanations, the first two received support. Females are more likely to use the I don't know response, especially for items with physical science content or masculine themes such as football. To ameliorate this situation we need more effective science instruction and more gender-neutral assessment items.

Collaboration Model for ESL and Content Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Broer, Kathleen

2013-01-01

This study will examine strategies that ESL teachers and content teachers can use to help middle school ESL students acquire science vocabulary and meta-cognitive strategies for writing skills in non-fiction text forms. Two appendixes are included. (Contains 3 figures and 2 footnotes.)

Physical and Biological Modes of Thought in the Chemistry of Linus Pauling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nye, Mary Jo

No figure in modern chemistry better exemplifies than Linus Pauling (1901-1994) the intersections of the scientific disciplines of chemistry, physics, and biology nor the roles of physical and biological modes of thought in the 'central science' of chemistry.

Integrating Science in Your Classroom: Wax On, Wane Off

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cowens, John

2006-01-01

The changing figures of the waxing and waning moon are among the most conspicuous of celestial phenomena and were some of the first to be understood. This paper describes a classroom activity designed to teach children about the phases of the moon.

Modeling Vertical Flow Treatment Wetland Hydraulics to Optimize Treatment Efficiency

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-24

ammonia, such as landfill leachate and food processing wastes (Kadlec and Wallace, 2009). Figure 2: Typical Horizontal Subsurface Flow Treatment...51(9): 165-171, 2005. Williams, J.B. Phytoremediation in wetland ecosystems: Progress, problems, and potential. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

Relationships among selected physical science misconceptions held by preservice elementary teachers and four variables: Formal reasoning ability, working memory capacity, verbal intelligence, and field dependence/independence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Griffin, Leslie Little

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of selected cognitive abilities and physical science misconceptions held by preservice elementary teachers. The cognitive abilities under investigation were: formal reasoning ability as measured by the Lawson Classroom Test of Formal Reasoning (Lawson, 1978); working memory capacity as measured by the Figural Intersection Test (Burtis & Pascual-Leone, 1974); verbal intelligence as measured by the Acorn National Academic Aptitude Test: Verbal Intelligence (Kobal, Wrightstone, & Kunze, 1944); and field dependence/independence as measured by the Group Embedded Figures Test (Witkin, Oltman, & Raskin, 1971). The number of physical science misconceptions held by preservice elementary teachers was measured by the Misconceptions in Science Questionnaire (Franklin, 1992). The data utilized in this investigation were obtained from 36 preservice elementary teachers enrolled in two sections of a science methods course at a small regional university in the southeastern United States. Multiple regression techniques were used to analyze the collected data. The following conclusions were reached following an analysis of the data. The variables of formal reasoning ability and verbal intelligence were identified as having significant relationships, both individually and in combination, to the dependent variable of selected physical science misconceptions. Though the correlations were not high enough to yield strong predictors of physical science misconceptions or strong relationships, they were of sufficient magnitude to warrant further investigation. It is recommended that further investigation be conducted replicating this study with a larger sample size. In addition, experimental research should be implemented to explore the relationships suggested in this study between the cognitive variables of formal reasoning ability and verbal intelligence and the dependent variable of selected physical science misconceptions. Further research should also focus on the detection of a broad range of science misconceptions among preservice elementary teachers.

Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model (Mars-GRAM 2005) Applications for Mars Science Laboratory Mission Site Selection Processes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Justh, H. L.; Justus, C. G.

2007-01-01

The new Mars-GRAM auxiliary profile capability, using data from TES observations, mesoscale model output, or other sources, allows a potentially higher fidelity representation of the atmosphere, and a more accurate way of estimating inherent uncertainty in atmospheric density and winds. Figure 3 indicates that, with nominal value rpscale=1, Mars-GRAM perturbations would tend to overestimate observed or mesoscale-modeled variability. To better represent TES and mesoscale model density perturbations, rpscale values as low as about 0.4 could be used. Some trajectory model implementations of Mars-GRAM allow the user to dynamically change rpscale and rwscale values with altitude. Figure 4 shows that an mscale value of about 1.2 would better replicate wind standard deviations from MRAMS or MMM5 simulations at the Gale, Terby, or Melas sites. By adjusting the rpscale and rwscale values in Mars-GRAM based on figures such as Figure 3 and 4, we can provide more accurate end-to-end simulations for EDL at the candidate MSL landing sites.

Corrosion sensor

DOEpatents

Glass, R.S.; Clarke, W.L. Jr.; Ciarlo, D.R.

1994-04-26

A corrosion sensor array is described incorporating individual elements for measuring various elements and ions, such as chloride, sulfide, copper, hydrogen (pH), etc. and elements for evaluating the instantaneous corrosion properties of structural materials. The exact combination and number of elements measured or monitored would depend upon the environmental conditions and materials used which are subject to corrosive effects. Such a corrosion monitoring system embedded in or mounted on a structure exposed to the environment would serve as an early warning system for the onset of severe corrosion problems for the structure, thus providing a safety factor as well as economic factors. The sensor array is accessed to an electronics/computational system, which provides a means for data collection and analysis. 7 figures.

A Technical Assessment of Seismic Yield Estimation. Appendix. Part 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-01

VALurs or -log b ...... 4 4% 5 534 6 64 7 734 8 log b ..... 4.60 4.74 4.87 5.00 5.12 5.23 5.33 6 ..43 5.52 834 9 934 10 1034 11 1134 12 12,1. log b......5...305.A0. 4S. 5 0. S5. j j . - 7 0.-7S. 70. 7S. p 0. ;5,00 Tr*E (SEC! Figure 6 . Comparison of exact and analytically continued half space Rayleigh...34equivalent RDP," Te’ for the two-dimen- sional PILEDRIVER calculation is compared to two other estimates for the RDP. 23 - * a .K~ W.S - - r!L7-- 7 W

Actor-Network Theory and methodology: Just what does it mean to say that nonhumans have agency?

PubMed

Sayes, Edwin

2014-02-01

Actor-Network Theory is a controversial social theory. In no respect is this more so than the role it 'gives' to nonhumans: nonhumans have agency, as Latour provocatively puts it. This article aims to interrogate the multiple layers of this declaration to understand what it means to assert with Actor-Network Theory that nonhumans exercise agency. The article surveys a wide corpus of statements by the position's leading figures and emphasizes the wider methodological framework in which these statements are embedded. With this work done, readers will then be better placed to reject or accept the Actor-Network position - understanding more precisely what exactly it is at stake in this decision.

Retrospective diagnosis of a famous historical figure: ontological, epistemic, and ethical considerations

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

The aim of this essay is to elaborate philosophical and ethical underpinnings of posthumous diagnosis of famous historical figures based on literary and artistic products, or commonly called retrospective diagnosis. It discusses ontological and epistemic challenges raised in the humanities and social sciences, and attempts to systematically reply to their criticisms from the viewpoint of clinical medicine, philosophy of medicine, particularly the ontology of disease and the epistemology of diagnosis, and medical ethics. The ontological challenge focuses on the doubt about the persistence of a disease over historical time, whereas the epistemic challenge disputes the inaccessibility of scientific verification of a diagnosis in the past. I argue that the critics are in error in conflating the taxonomy of disease (nosology) and the act of diagnosing a patient. Medical diagnosis is fundamentally a hypothesis-construction and an explanatory device that can be generated under various degrees of uncertainty and limited amount of information. It is not an apodictic judgment (true or false) as the critics presuppose, but a probabilistic (Bayesian) judgment with varying degrees of plausibility under uncertainty. In order to avoid this confusion, I propose that retrospective diagnosis of a historical figure be syndromic without identifying underlying disease, unless there is justifiable reason for such specification. Moreover it should be evaluated not only from the viewpoint of medical science but also in a larger context of the scholarship of the humanities and social sciences by its overall plausibility and consistency. On the other hand, I will endorse their concerns regarding the ethics and professionalism of retrospective diagnosis, and call for the need for situating such a diagnosis in an interdisciplinary scope and the context of the scholarship of the historical figure. I will then enumerate several important caveats for interdisciplinary retrospective diagnosis using an example of the retrospective diagnosis of Socrates for his life-long intermittent neurologic symptoms. Finally, I will situate the present argument in a larger context of the major debate among the historians of medicine and paleopathologists, and discuss the similarities and differences. PMID:24884777

Qwest and HyTES: Two New Hyperspectral Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometers for Earth Science

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-01

and QWIP focal plane arrays. The long wave infrared ( LWIR ) is typically expressed as the wavelength range between 7 and 14 µm. Our current...recently recommended by the National Research Council in their Decadal Survey. The LWIR component of the HyspIRI mission will address science...but extends the Dyson design to work optimally with the LWIR . The savings in physical size for similar F/# systems is dramatic as shown in Figure

Doctors in space (ships): biomedical uncertainties and medical authority in imagined futures

PubMed Central

Henderson, Lesley; Carter, Simon

2016-01-01

There has been considerable interest in images of medicine in popular science fiction and in representations of doctors in television fiction. Surprisingly little attention has been paid to doctors administering space medicine in science fiction. This article redresses this gap. We analyse the evolving figure of ‘the doctor’ in different popular science fiction television series. Building upon debates within Medical Sociology, Cultural Studies and Media Studies we argue that the figure of ‘the doctor’ is discursively deployed to act as the moral compass at the centre of the programme narrative. Our analysis highlights that the qualities, norms and ethics represented by doctors in space (ships) are intertwined with issues of gender equality, speciesism and posthuman ethics. We explore the signifying practices and political articulations that are played out through these cultural imaginaries. For example, the ways in which ‘the simple country doctor’ is deployed to help establish hegemonic formations concerning potentially destabilising technoscientific futures involving alternative sexualities, or military dystopia. Doctors mostly function to provide the ethical point of narrative stability within a world in flux, referencing a nostalgia for the traditional, attentive, humanistic family physician. The science fiction doctor facilitates the personalisation of technological change and thus becomes a useful conduit through which societal fears and anxieties concerning medicine, bioethics and morality in a ‘post 9/11’ world can be expressed and explored. PMID:27694600

3-D velocity structure model for long-period ground motion simulation of the hypothetical Nankai Earthquake

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kagawa, T.; Petukhin, A.; Koketsu, K.; Miyake, H.; Murotani, S.; Tsurugi, M.

2010-12-01

Three dimensional velocity structure model of southwest Japan is provided to simulate long-period ground motions due to the hypothetical subduction earthquakes. The model is constructed from numerous physical explorations conducted in land and offshore areas and observational study of natural earthquakes. Any available information is involved to explain crustal structure and sedimentary structure. Figure 1 shows an example of cross section with P wave velocities. The model has been revised through numbers of simulations of small to middle earthquakes as to have good agreement with observed arrival times, amplitudes, and also waveforms including surface waves. Figure 2 shows a comparison between Observed (dash line) and simulated (solid line) waveforms. Low velocity layers have added on seismological basement to reproduce observed records. The thickness of the layer has been adjusted through iterative analysis. The final result is found to have good agreement with the results from other physical explorations; e.g. gravity anomaly. We are planning to make long-period (about 2 to 10 sec or longer) simulations of ground motion due to the hypothetical Nankai Earthquake with the 3-D velocity structure model. As the first step, we will simulate the observed ground motions of the latest event occurred in 1946 to check the source model and newly developed velocity structure model. This project is partly supported by Integrated Research Project for Long-Period Ground Motion Hazard Maps by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). The ground motion data used in this study were provided by National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention Disaster (NIED). Figure 1 An example of cross section with P wave velocities Figure 2 Observed (dash line) and simulated (solid line) waveforms due to a small earthquake

Registered Report: COT drives resistance to RAF inhibition through MAP kinase pathway reactivation.

PubMed

Sharma, Vidhu; Young, Lisa; Cavadas, Miguel; Owen, Kate

2016-03-21

The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology seeks to address growing concerns about reproducibility in scientific research by conducting replications of selected experiments from a number of high-profile papers in the field of cancer biology. The papers, which were published between 2010 and 2012, were selected on the basis of citations and Altmetric scores (Errington et al., 2014). This Registered Report describes the proposed replication plan of key experiments from "COT drives resistance to RAF inhibition through MAPK pathway reactivation" by Johannessen and colleagues, published in Nature in 2010 (Johannessen et al., 2010). The key experiments to be replicated are those reported in Figures 3B, 3D-E, 3I, and 4E-F. In Figures 3B, D-E, RPMI-7951 and OUMS023 cells were reported to exhibit robust ERK/MEK activity concomitant with reduced growth sensitivity in the presence of the BRAF inhibitor PLX4720. MAP3K8 (COT/TPL2) directly regulated MEK/ERK phosphorylation, as the treatment of RPMI-7951 cells with a MAP3K8 kinase inhibitor resulted in a dose-dependent suppression of MEK/ERK activity (Figure 3I). In contrast, MAP3K8-deficient A375 cells remained sensitive to BRAF inhibition, exhibiting reduced growth and MEK/ERK activity during inhibitor treatment. To determine if RAF and MEK inhibitors together can overcome single-agent resistance, MAP3K8-expressing A375 cells treated with PLX4720 along with MEK inhibitors significantly inhibited both cell viability and ERK activation compared to treatment with PLX4720 alone, as reported in Figures 4E-F. The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology is collaboration between the Center for Open Science and Science Exchange and the results of the replications will be published in eLife.

Life Science’s Average Publishable Unit (APU) Has Increased over the Past Two Decades

PubMed Central

Cordero, Radames J. B.; de León-Rodriguez, Carlos M.; Alvarado-Torres, John K.; Rodriguez, Ana R.; Casadevall, Arturo

2016-01-01

Quantitative analysis of the scientific literature is important for evaluating the evolution and state of science. To study how the density of biological literature has changed over the past two decades we visually inspected 1464 research articles related only to the biological sciences from ten scholarly journals (with average Impact Factors, IF, ranging from 3.8 to 32.1). By scoring the number of data items (tables and figures), density of composite figures (labeled panels per figure or PPF), as well as the number of authors, pages and references per research publication we calculated an Average Publishable Unit or APU for 1993, 2003, and 2013. The data show an overall increase in the average ± SD number of data items from 1993 to 2013 of approximately 7±3 to 14±11 and PPF ratio of 2±1 to 4±2 per article, suggesting that the APU has doubled in size over the past two decades. As expected, the increase in data items per article is mainly in the form of supplemental material, constituting 0 to 80% of the data items per publication in 2013, depending on the journal. The changes in the average number of pages (approx. 8±3 to 10±3), references (approx. 44±18 to 56±24) and authors (approx. 5±3 to 8±9) per article are also presented and discussed. The average number of data items, figure density and authors per publication are correlated with the journal’s average IF. The increasing APU size over time is important when considering the value of research articles for life scientists and publishers, as well as, the implications of these increasing trends in the mechanisms and economics of scientific communication. PMID:27310929

Climatology and archaeoastronomy - Environmental anthropology, a multidisciplinary exact science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gregori, G. P.; Gregori, L. G.

2003-04-01

During the last few tens thousand years, a dominating unprecedented "virus" - the human kind - controlled climate. It widespread over the Earth's surface and implied both short- and long-range effects in space and time. Phenomena can be expressively investigated like cycles of climate and civilisation, by which the entire human history has to be reinterpreted in terms of environmental anthropology. This is just much like every classical and conventional exact science, based on experimental quantitative observations. Archaeoastronomy is the "instrumental" tool for exploiting such measurements (much like a particle accelerator is the instrument for high-energy subnuclear physics, or a telescope for astrophysics). Its comparative wealth of information is even much larger. The anthropic factor is one leader in climate control, and such understanding helps in facing present disquieting challenges of society. Deontologically, such multidisciplinary studies are a "must" for every savant in order to avoid (i) misunderstanding that can lead to false or non-sense concerns, and (ii) correct underestimating of the real severe challenges and hazards.

Cell Phones for Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lucking, Robert A.; Christmann, Edwin P.; Wighting, Mervyn J.

2010-01-01

Although in some schools cell phones have to be turned off or perhaps kept in lockers to avoid misuse, the authors hope to demonstrate in this article how they can be used under supervision to assist learning. This ubiquitous device can be a powerful classroom tool. (Contains 2 figures.)

Sandia National Laboratories: National Security Missions: Nuclear Weapons:

Science.gov Websites

Safety & Security Sandia National Laboratories Exceptional service in the national interest & Figures Programs Nuclear Weapons About Nuclear Weapons Safety & Security Weapons Science & Twitter YouTube Flickr RSS Top Nuclear Weapons About Nuclear Weapons at Sandia Safety & Security

Digital images are data: and should be treated as such.

PubMed

Cromey, Douglas W

2013-01-01

The scientific community has become very concerned about inappropriate image manipulation. In journals that check figures after acceptance, 20-25% of the papers contained at least one figure that did not comply with the journal's instructions to authors. The scientific press continues to report a small, but steady stream of cases of fraudulent image manipulation. Inappropriate image manipulation taints the scientific record, damages trust within science, and degrades science's reputation with the general public. Scientists can learn from historians and photojournalists, who have provided a number of examples of attempts to alter or misrepresent the historical record. Scientists must remember that digital images are numerically sampled data that represent the state of a specific sample when examined with a specific instrument. These data should be carefully managed. Changes made to the original data need to be tracked like the protocols used for other experimental procedures. To avoid pitfalls, unexpected artifacts, and unintentional misrepresentation of the image data, a number of image processing guidelines are offered.

A New Virtual and Remote Experimental Environment for Teaching and Learning Science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lustigova, Zdena; Lustig, Frantisek

This paper describes how a scientifically exact and problem-solving-oriented remote and virtual science experimental environment might help to build a new strategy for science education. The main features are: the remote observations and control of real world phenomena, their processing and evaluation, verification of hypotheses combined with the development of critical thinking, supported by sophisticated relevant information search, classification and storing tools and collaborative environment, supporting argumentative writing and teamwork, public presentations and defense of achieved results, all either in real presence, in telepresence or in combination of both. Only then real understanding of generalized science laws and their consequences can be developed. This science learning and teaching environment (called ROL - Remote and Open Laboratory), has been developed and used by Charles University in Prague since 1996, offered to science students in both formal and informal learning, and also to science teachers within their professional development studies, since 2003.

Comment on ‘Information hidden in the velocity distribution of ions and the exact kinetic Bohm criterion’

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mustafaev, A. S.; Sukhomlinov, V. S.; Timofeev, N. A.

2018-03-01

This Comment is devoted to some mathematical inaccuracies made by the authors of the paper ‘Information hidden in the velocity distribution of ions and the exact kinetic Bohm criterion’ (Plasma Sources Science and Technology 26 055003). In the Comment, we show that the diapason of plasma parameters for the validity of the theoretical results obtained by the authors was defined incorrectly; we made a more accurate definition of this diapason. As a result, we show that it is impossible to confirm or refute the feasibility of the Bohm kinetic criterion on the basis of the data of the cited paper.

Exact traveling wave solutions of the KP-BBM equation by using the new approach of generalized (G'/G)-expansion method.

PubMed

Alam, Md Nur; Akbar, M Ali

2013-01-01

The new approach of the generalized (G'/G)-expansion method is an effective and powerful mathematical tool in finding exact traveling wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs) in science, engineering and mathematical physics. In this article, the new approach of the generalized (G'/G)-expansion method is applied to construct traveling wave solutions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (KP-BBM) equation. The solutions are expressed in terms of the hyperbolic functions, the trigonometric functions and the rational functions. By means of this scheme, we found some new traveling wave solutions of the above mentioned equation.

Van Kampen Colimits as Bicolimits in Span

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heindel, Tobias; Sobociński, Paweł

The exactness properties of coproducts in extensive categories and pushouts along monos in adhesive categories have found various applications in theoretical computer science, e.g. in program semantics, data type theory and rewriting. We show that these properties can be understood as a single universal property in the associated bicategory of spans. To this end, we first provide a general notion of Van Kampen cocone that specialises to the above colimits. The main result states that Van Kampen cocones can be characterised as exactly those diagrams in ℂ that induce bicolimit diagrams in the bicategory of spans mathcal{S}pan_{mathbb{C}}, provided that ℂ has pullbacks and enough colimits.

On the seismic response of instable rock slopes based on ambient vibration recordings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kleinbrod, Ulrike; Burjánek, Jan; Fäh, Donat

2017-09-01

Rock slope failures can lead to huge human and economic loss depending on their size and exact location. Reasonable hazard mitigation requires thorough understanding of the underlying slope driving mechanisms and its rock mass properties. Measurements of seismic ambient vibrations could improve the characterization and detection of rock instabilities since there is a link between seismic response and internal structure of the unstable rock mass. An unstable slope near the village Gondo has been investigated. The unstable part shows strongly amplified ground motion with respect to the stable part of the rock slope. The amplification values reach maximum factors of 70. The seismic response on the instable part is highly directional and polarized. Re-measurements have been taken 1 year later showing exactly the same results as the original measurements. Neither the amplified frequencies nor the amplification values have changed. Therefore, ambient vibration measurements are repeatable and stay the same, if the rock mass has not undergone any significant change in structure or volume, respectively. Additionally, four new points have been measured during the re-measuring campaign in order to better map the border of the instability.[Figure not available: see fulltext.

Science and Politics in the Philosophy of Science of Popper, Polanyi, and Kuhn

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nye, Mary Jo

2006-05-01

The names of Karl Popper, Michael Polanyi, and Thomas Kuhn are well-known among scientists and among historians and philosophers of science. Around 1960 they published books that excited considerable discussion because of their independent rejection of the philosophical tradition that uses simple empiricism or positivism to differentiate science from religion, metaphysics, ideology, or pseudo-science. Popper's original field of expertise was scientific education and psychology. Polanyi had a distinguished career in physical chemistry and chemical physics, while Kuhn worked briefly in solid-state physics before turning to the philosophy of science. Their descriptions of scientific practices and values have roots not only in their scientific educations and experiences, but also in the political questions of their time. This paper focuses on political dimensions in the philosophical work of these three twentieth-century figures.

An auto-Bäcklund transformation and exact solutions for Wick-type stochastic generalized KdV equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xie, Yingchao

2004-05-01

Wick-type stochastic generalized KdV equations are researched. By using the homogeneous balance, an auto-Bäcklund transformation to the Wick-type stochastic generalized KdV equations is derived. And stochastic single soliton and stochastic multi-soliton solutions are shown by using the Hermite transform. Research supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19971072) and the Natural Science Foundation of Education Committee of Jiangsu Province of China (03KJB110135).

Teachers as researchers: An experiment to introduce high school science teachers to how science is done

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Withers, Paul; Fallows, Kathryn J.; King, Marlene; Magno, Ken

2016-10-01

Scientists know that the power of science lies in thinking like a scientist, rather than in a list of facts and figures, but few science teachers have any personal experience "doing science". They merely encounter science at the level of rote memorization, then teach it to their students in the same way. To break this vicious cycle, two teachers from local public high schools spent 5 weeks conducting research at Boston University on the ionosphere of Venus. They experienced the joys and frustrations of research, which will enable them to better explain to their students the true nature of the process of science. This presentation will summarize how the research program was created and implemented, what worked well and what did not, and how the teachers have made use of their summer research experiences back in the classroom.

My Classroom: Georgia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, Melanie

2017-01-01

Khatuna Kharkheli is an English language teacher in the Faculty of Education, Exact, and Natural Sciences at Gori State Teaching University (GSTU) in Gori, Georgia. With her passion for developing innovative and creative lessons and with her commitment to professional development, Ms. Kharkheli works to inspire her students to achieve success both…

Concordance correlation for model performance assessment: An example with reference evapotranspiration

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Procedures for assessing model performance in agronomy are often arbitrary and not always helpful. An omnibus analysis statistic, concordance correlation, is widely known and used in many other sciences. An illustrative example is presented here. The analysis assumes the exact relationship “observat...

Method and Mythology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Giovanazzi, Anthony

1993-01-01

Overviews the teaching of languages, particularly English, over a long time span. For centuries, the creative process of language learning, as opposed to the formalized pattern of language teaching, was largely ignored. It is suggested that there is nothing doctrinal about teaching methods, language learning will never be an exact science, and…

Proceedings of the Organization of 1990 Meeting of International Neural Network Society Jointed with IEEE Held in Washington, DC on January 15 - 19, 1990. Volume 1. Theory Track Neural and cognitive Sciences Track

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-11-30

signaI flow , xi. The learning" of such statistics could result from synaptic modification rules similar to those known to exist in the brain 7 " 1 0,1 1...in figure 1 had been established. If the series are appro\\imat.ed by Gaussian process. the information flow from X to Y can be expressed by the...Based on this model. the information flow in different direction were calculated by using eq.(1). RESULTS Figures 2 illustrates the information flow

Data supporting Al-Abed et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2016,

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Data files representing each of the Figures and Tables published in Al-Abed et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2016,3, 593. The data file names identify the Figure or Table and each file contains an internal set of data definitionsThis dataset is associated with the following publication:Al-Abed, S.R., J. Virkutyte, J. Ortenzio , R.M. McCarrick, L. Degn, R. Zucker , N. Coates , K. Cleveland, H. Ma, S. Diamond, K. Dreher , and W. Boyes. Environmental aging alters AI(OH)3 coating of TiO2 nanoparticles enhancing their photocatalytic and phototoxicity activities. Environmental Science: Nano. RSC Publishing, Cambridge, UK, N/A, (2016).

Coupling epistemology and identity in explaining student interest in science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Richards, Jennifer; Conlin, Luke; Gupta, Ayush; Elby, Andrew

2013-01-01

In this paper, we present the case of Estevan, an eighth-grader from Honduras whose interest in science lies primarily at the intersection of personal epistemology and identity. Drawing on video data from classroom interactions as well as interviews with Estevan and his teacher, Ms. K, we show how Estevan's passionate engagement in sensemaking about the seasons arose from an alignment between his epistemological stance that science involves figuring things out for yourself and his enacted identity as someone who faces challenges head-on. We use Estevan's case to highlight the importance of remaining open to the multiplicity of connections that might exist between interest in science and students' identities and to motivate looking deeper into such issues before prescribing how to engage students in science.

Developing Design Criteria and Scale Up Methods for Water-Stable Metal-Organic Frameworks for Adsorption Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-08

Figure 1.4: Number of publications containing the term “metal-organic frameworks” (Source: ISI Web of Science, retrieved April, 14 th , 2014) 8...1.4 Number of publications containing the term “metal-organic frameworks” (Source: ISI Web of Science, retrieved April, 14 th , 2014). 1.4...recorded with a PerkinElmer Spectrum One 10 in the range 400 – 4000 cm -1 . To record the IR spectrum, an IR beam is passed through the sample (in

Geophysics Funding Healthy in FY 1986 Federal Budget

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Richman, Barbara T.; Robb, David W.

Continued support for many geophysics projects is part of the fiscal year (FY) 1986 budget proposal that President Ronald Reagan sent to Congress earlier this month. Unlike many other programs that took deep cuts or were eliminated, overall funding for science held steady in the proposed budget. This budget proposal, however, did not offer the large increases that had been proposed for FY 1985 (Eos, February 14, 1984, p. 49). Figure 1 shows the trend for science outlays during the past several years.

The Demonstration and Science Experiments (DSX): A Fundamental Science Research Mission Advancing Technologies that Enable MEO Spaceflight

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

dosimeters aboard the TSX5 and DSP satellites in LEO and GEO, respectively. Figure 13. Space weather data from TSX5 and DSP The Space Weather...capabilities are described in detail in the following sub- sections. 3.2.1 Compact Environment Anomaly Sensor (CEASE) Composed of two dosimeters , two...for DSX is that CEASE will capture and downlink the full dose spectra from each dosimeter , whereas prior versions only captured six reduced data

JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Life Sciences

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-07

BIOORGANICHESKAYA KHIMIYA, Vol 14 No 4, Apr 88] 19 Intrinsic Fluorescence Studies on Effects of pH on Structure of Mistletoe Lectin [T. L. Bushuyeva, A. G...Figures 2; references 15: 3 Russian, 12 Western. UDC 576.8.097.29:547.962.3 Intrinsic Fluorescence Studies on Effects of pH on Structure of Mistletoe ...characteristics of the mistletoe lectin I (MLI), a molecule consisting of A (29 kD) and a B (34 kD) subunit, were used in assessing the structural

Out of a creative jumble of ideas in the middle of last Century: Wiener, interdisciplinarity, and all that.

PubMed

Montagnini, Leone; Tabacchi, Marco Elio; Termini, Settimo

2016-01-01

Is Biophysics an interdisciplinary science? In order to answer this rhetorical question, it can be useful to look back at history of disciplines, as well as that of the scientific institutions helping their development. In this contribution some aspects of the unusual hodgepodge of concepts involving Biophysics, the legacy of Cybernetics, cognitive science and the central figure of Norbert Wiener are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Simple Demonstration of the Seebeck Effect

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Molki, Arman

2010-01-01

In this article we propose a simple and low-cost experimental set-up through which science educators can demonstrate the Seebeck effect using a thermocouple and an instrumentation amplifier. The experiment can be set up and conducted during a 1-hour laboratory session. (Contains 3 tables and 3 figures.)

Spooky Suspects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pacifici, Lara

2011-01-01

This activity presents an option for covering biology content while engaging students in an investigation that highlights the spirit of Halloween. Students are engaged in the story line and have fun trying to solve the mystery kidnapping by using science skills to examine the evidence and eliminate some ghoulish suspects. (Contains 1 figure.)

Developments in Science and Technology.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-01-01

been equipment activated a special HF broadcast (75 baud,a vial o qitraiivesfrm emiti dahoe s- with frequency shift keying), which participating...3󈧘- Boise, I daho E 10 30 s0 70 90 10_ - Industrial utilization factor M%) 0 Figure 5 - Discounted average cost for geothermal =S I - -- space

A Scientific World in a Grain of Sand

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clary, Renee; Wandersee, James

2011-01-01

Students investigate local sand samples on a shoestring budget. This investigation reveals a fascinating Earth history that can address various interdisciplinary scientific topics, provide rich inquiry experiences, and move beyond the science classroom to integrate history, culture, and art. (Contains 3 figures and 14 online resources.)

Constructing a philosophy of science of cognitive science.

PubMed

Bechtel, William

2009-07-01

Philosophy of science is positioned to make distinctive contributions to cognitive science by providing perspective on its conceptual foundations and by advancing normative recommendations. The philosophy of science I embrace is naturalistic in that it is grounded in the study of actual science. Focusing on explanation, I describe the recent development of a mechanistic philosophy of science from which I draw three normative consequences for cognitive science. First, insofar as cognitive mechanisms are information-processing mechanisms, cognitive science needs an account of how the representations invoked in cognitive mechanisms carry information about contents, and I suggest that control theory offers the needed perspective on the relation of representations to contents. Second, I argue that cognitive science requires, but is still in search of, a catalog of cognitive operations that researchers can draw upon in explaining cognitive mechanisms. Last, I provide a new perspective on the relation of cognitive science to brain sciences, one which embraces both reductive research on neural components that figure in cognitive mechanisms and a concern with recomposing higher-level mechanisms from their components and situating them in their environments. Copyright © 2009 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.

Reinventing Material Science - Continuum Magazine | NREL

Science.gov Websites

to reinvent an entire field of study, but that is exactly what the Center for Inverse Design is functional materials by developing an "inverse design" approach, powered by theory that guides experiment. The Center for Inverse Design was established as an Energy Frontier Research Center, funded by

Childhood Asthma and Environmental Exposures at Swimming Pools: State of the Science and Research Recommendations

EPA Science Inventory

Recent studies have explored the potential for swimming pool disinfection byproducts (DBPs) which are respiratory irritants to cause asthma in young children. While these studies raise concerns, gaps still exist in our knowledge regarding the exact causal agents and mechanisms f...

Where There’s Smoke, There’s Science

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aiken, Allison; Dubey, Manvendra

Cloaking urban areas and wildfire zones, tiny smoke particles suspended in the atmosphere have a sizeable effect on our climate. But the exact effect of many of these aerosols-such as how much sunlight they absorb, thus warming Earth, or reflecting back to space and so cooling Earth-is very uncertain.

It's Not an Exact Science: Teaching Entrepreneurship in Northern Ireland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hegarty, Cecilia

2006-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the approach to embedding entrepreneurship within third level education in Northern Ireland by assessing the perceptions of lecturers and learners and monitoring the effectiveness of teaching methods. Design/methodology/approach: Surveys and focus groups were conducted with lecturers and learners…

Left Limb of North Pole of the Sun, March 20, 2007

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2007-01-01

[figure removed for brevity, see original site] [figure removed for brevity, see original site] Figure 1: Left eye view of a stereo pair Click on the image for full resolution TIFF Figure 2: Right eye view of a stereo pair Click on the image for full resolution TIFF Figure 1: This image was taken by the SECCHI Extreme UltraViolet Imager (EUVI) mounted on the STEREO-B spacecraft. STEREO-B is located behind the Earth, and follows the Earth in orbit around the Sun. This location enables us to view the Sun from the position of a virtual left eye in space. Figure 2: This image was taken by the SECCHI Extreme UltraViolet Imager (EUVI) mounted on the STEREO-A spacecraft. STEREO-A is located ahead of the Earth, and leads the Earth in orbit around the Sun, This location enables us to view the Sun from the position of a virtual right eye in space.

NASA's Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) satellites have provided the first three-dimensional images of the Sun. For the first time, scientists will be able to see structures in the Sun's atmosphere in three dimensions. The new view will greatly aid scientists' ability to understand solar physics and thereby improve space weather forecasting.

The EUVI imager is sensitive to wavelengths of light in the extreme ultraviolet portion of the spectrum. EUVI bands at wavelengths of 304, 171 and 195 Angstroms have been mapped to the red blue and green visible portion of the spectrum; and processed to emphasize the temperature difference of the solar material.

STEREO, a two-year mission, launched October 2006, will provide a unique and revolutionary view of the Sun-Earth System. The two nearly identical observatories -- one ahead of Earth in its orbit, the other trailing behind -- will trace the flow of energy and matter from the Sun to Earth. They will reveal the 3D structure of coronal mass ejections; violent eruptions of matter from the sun that can disrupt satellites and power grids, and help us understand why they happen. STEREO will become a key addition to the fleet of space weather detection satellites by providing more accurate alerts for the arrival time of Earth-directed solar ejections with its unique side-viewing perspective.

STEREO is the third mission in NASA's Solar Terrestrial Probes program within NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. The Goddard Science and Exploration Directorate manages the mission, instruments, and science center. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Md., designed and built the spacecraft and is responsible for mission operations. The imaging and particle detecting instruments were designed and built by scientific institutions in the U.S., UK, France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, and Switzerland. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

Into the Curriculum: Reading/Language Arts/Art: Using Amelia Bedelia Books to Teach Figurative and Literal Meanings [and] Reading/Language Arts/Mathematics: Create an Internet Pizza Cafe that Serves Pizza, Poetry, Technology, and More! [and] Reading/Language Arts: Finding Secret Words: Beginning Dictionary Skills [and] Science: What Big Teeth You Have! Alligators All Around [and] Science: Rube Goldberg and Simple Machines [and] Social Studies: Folklore--An Integrated Unit.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wood, Eve; Maggi, Barbara Hall; Napier, Marion; Troisi, Andrea; Heiser, Pam; Rinehart, Sharon

1998-01-01

Provides six fully developed library media activities that are designed for use with specific curriculum units in reading and language arts, art, mathematics, science, and social studies. Library media skills, objectives, grade levels, instructional roles, evaluation, and follow-up are described for each activity. (LRW)

In the name of science: don't tamper with the deceptive truth...

PubMed

Reis, Helton J; Mukhamedyarov, Marat A; Rizvanov, Albert A; Palotás, András

2009-12-01

Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976) is one of the most controversial, most ambivalent and most important figures in the history of modern science. The debate surrounding him with respect to nuclear weapons and National Socialism appears unending. Even though Heisenberg's uncertainty principle of the quantum system and his involvement in the Nazi atomic bomb project have been thoroughly discussed in various journals over the past decades, no communication has ever been published at a holistic level of his greatest Nobel-prize winning achievement in theoretical physics. In order to fill up this hole, this piece explicitly communicates the Heisenberg's paradox at all levels of science.

Impact of target-to-background ratio, target size, emission scan duration, and activity on physical figures of merit for a 3D LSO-based whole body PET/CT scanner.

PubMed

Brambilla, M; Matheoud, R; Secco, C; Sacchetti, G; Comi, S; Rudoni, M; Carriero, A; Inglese, E

2007-10-01

The aim of our work is to describe the way in which physical figures of merit such as contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) behave when varying acquisition parameters such as emission scan duration (ESD) or activity at the start of acquisition (A(acq)) that in clinical practice can be selected by the user, or object properties such as target dimensions or target-to-background (T/B) ratio, which depend uniquely on the intrinsic characteristics of the object being imaged. Figures of merit, used to characterize image quality and quantitative accuracy for a 3D-LSO based PET/CT scanner, were studied as a function of ESD and A(acq) for different target sizes and T/B ratios using a multivariate approach in a wide range of conditions approaching the ones that can be encountered in clinical practice. An annular ring of water bags of 3 cm thickness was fitted over an IEC phantom in order to obtain counting rates similar to those found in average patients. The average scatter fraction (SF) of the modified IEC phantom was similar to the mean SF measured on patients with a similar scanner. A supplemental set of micro-hollow spheres was positioned inside the phantom. The NEMA NU 2-2001 scatter phantom was positioned at the end of the IEC phantom to approximate the clinical situation of having activity that extends beyond the scanner. The phantoms were filled with a solution of water and 18F (12 kBq/mL) and the spheres with various T/B ratios of 22.5, 10.3, and 3.6. Sequential imaging was performed to acquire PET images with varying background activity concentrations of about 12, 9, 6.4, 5.3, and 3.1 kBq/mL, positioned on the linear portion of the phantom's NECR curve, well below peak NECR of 61.2 kcps that is reached at 31.8 kBq/mL. The ESD was set to 1, 2, 3, and 4 min/bed. With T/B ratios of 3.6, 10.3, and 22.5, the 13.0, 8.1, and 6.5 mm spheres were detectable for the whole ranges of background activity concentration and ESD, respectively. The ESD resulted as the most significant predictor of CNR variance, followed by T/B ratio and the cross sectional area of the given sphere. Only last comes A(acq) with a weight more than halved with respect to ESD. Thus, raising ESD seems to be much more effective than raising A(acq) in order to obtain higher CNR, which is the physical figure of merit closely related with target detectability, at least in the simple task of the signal known exactly background known exactly model.

[Educational science, 'the hardest science of all'].

PubMed

van Tartwijk, J; Driessen, E W; van der Vleuten, C P M; Wubbels, T

2012-06-01

Educational research not only showed that student characteristics are of major importance for study success, but also that education does make a difference. Essentially, teaching is about stimulating students to invest time in learning and to use that time as effectively as possible. Assessment, goal-orientated work, and feedback have a major effect. The teacher is the key figure. With the aim to better understand teaching and learning, educational researchers usefindingsfrom other disciplines more and more often. A pitfall is to apply the findings of educational research without taking into consideration the context and the specific characteristics of students and teachers. Because of the large number offactors that influence the results ofeducation, educational science is referred as 'the hardest science of all'.

Miratü'lEbdan Fi Teşrih-i Azaül-İnsan: first printed illustrated anatomy book in Ottoman-Turkish medicine.

PubMed

Ortug, Gursel; Ortug, Alpen; Kurt, Namik Kemal

2018-04-13

Medical education in Ottoman-Turkish medicine was shaped by the influence of Claudius Galenus (c.130-c.210) and Ibn-i Sina (c.980-c.1037). These teachings were performed in madrasahs until the beginning of the 19th century period. Within the scope of master-apprentice relationship, medical training was also given in private clinics. As a result of religious and social pressures on scientific studies human cadavers were never used because they were considered sacred. For centuries, all books were handwritten during the Ottoman Empire until the first printing press was established in Istanbul during 1726. However, the first illustrated book on anatomy was not printed until another 100 years later. A comparative study was conducted on the anatomical drawings in"Miratü'l Ebdan Fi Teşrih-i Azau'l İnsan" (Ataullah ŞM, 17th),and significance of this book. 46 out of 56 figures were received from the book of physian and anatomist Jean Palfin (1650-1730). Remaining 9 figures were cited from author himself as collected from Bernard Siegfried Albinus (1697-1170), Raymond Vieussens (1614- 1715), R. Drake (1667-1707), Clopton Havers (1657-1702), Albrecht von Haller (1708- 1777), Joseph Guichard Duverney (1648-1730). The figures were drawn exactly the same way with minimal changes. Main text of the book is mostly translation from Italian edition of Bertin and Palfin's Works.The book is not only the first printed anatomical book but also the first printed work in Ottoman-Turkish medicine. Another very significant aspect is the illustrations are perspective drawing figures which differs from miniature style drawings of the past. Şânîzade Ataullah's work is a significant value not only for being the first printed illustrated anatomy book which makes it more approachable but also gives anatomical drawings as illustrations not as miniature style painting.

The Effects of Seductive Details in an Inflatable Planetarium

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gillette, Sean

2013-01-01

Astronomy is becoming a forgotten science, which is evident by its relatively low enrollment figures compared to biology, chemistry, and physics. A portable inflatable planetarium brings relevance back to astronomy and offers support to students and educators by simulating realistic astronomical environments. This study sought to determine if…

SETAC: Science for Everyone Takes Activities and Comedy

EPA Science Inventory

We have all been there: the presenter is droning on, putting up facts and figures and equations, and speaking in an almost inhuman monotone. To survive, you read your email under your desk and send “sleepy” emojis to the person next to you. We have all also been to ta...

Helping Students with Mathematics Difficulties Understand Ratios and Proportions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dougherty, Barbara; Bryant, Diane Pedrotty; Bryant, Brian R.; Shin, Mikyung

2016-01-01

Ratios and proportions are foundational to student understanding across multiple topics in mathematics and science. In mathematics, they are central to developing concepts and skills related to slope, constant rate of change, and similar figures, which are all fundamental to algebraic concepts and skills. This article examines the importance of…

Library Webmasters in Medium-Sized Academic Libraries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kneip, Jason

2007-01-01

Library webmasters in medium-sized academic libraries were surveyed about their educational backgrounds, job responsibilities, and training and experience levels in Web development. The article summarizes the findings of the survey with recommendations for libraries and library and information science programs. (Contains 7 tables, 5 figures,and 5…

Eugenio Maria de Hostos and His Pedagogical Thought

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Osorio, Carlos Rojas

2012-01-01

Considered one of the forefathers of the social sciences and humanities throughout Latin America, Eugenio Maria de Hostos (1839-1903) also made important contributions to educational thinking, establishing important educational programs in places like Chile and the Dominican Republic. Hostos is also a key historical figure in the struggle for…

Weightless Materials Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Curtis, Jeremy

2012-01-01

Gravity affects everything we do. Only in very recent years have we been able to carry out experiments in orbit around the Earth and see for the first time how things behave in its absence. This has allowed us to understand fundamental processes better and to design new materials using this knowledge. (Contains 6 figures.)

Ecological Education: Integration of Scientific Knowledge and Figurative Representations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Senkevich, V. M.

1991-01-01

Argues that understanding the interaction of society and the environment is a social-economical, technological, and moral task. Describes techniques developed by one Soviet academy's ecological education laboratory for helping middle school students integrate knowledge from science and art. Suggests that the study of specific ecological problems…

Teaching the Anatomy of a Scientific Journal Article

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schinske, Jeffrey N.; Clayman, Karen; Busch, Allison K.; Tanner, Kimberly D.

2008-01-01

To promote inquiry-based learning, the authors integrate the anatomy of a scientific journal article into their secondary science curriculum. In this article, they present three classroom activities used to teach students about the function and format of scientific journal articles. The first focuses on journal article figures, the second on…

Equilibrium-Staged Separations Using Matlab and Mathematica

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Binous, Housam

2008-01-01

We show a new approach, based on the utilization of Matlab and Mathematica, for solving liquid-liquid extraction and binary distillation problems. In addition, the author shares his experience using these two softwares to teach equilibrium staged separations at the National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology. (Contains 7 figures.)

Green Team to the Rescue

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neeper, Lance S.; Dymond, Stacy K.

2012-01-01

Teachers created an after-school club called The Green Team and implemented an instructional strategy know as service-learning to teach environmental science. This article describes the transformation that occurred over a three-year period and illustrates how service-learning can provide a framework for environmental education. (Contains 1 figure,…

Teaching Waves with Google Earth

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Logiurato, Fabrizio

2012-01-01

Google Earth is a huge source of interesting illustrations of various natural phenomena. It can represent a valuable tool for science education, not only for teaching geography and geology, but also physics. Here we suggest that Google Earth can be used for introducing in an attractive way the physics of waves. (Contains 9 figures.)

Why Data Literacy Matters

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fontichiaro, Kirstin; Oehrli, Jo Angela

2016-01-01

As many states move forward with adoption or adaptation of the College, Career, and Civic Life (C3) Framework for Social Studies State Standards, Common Core State Standards, and/or Next Generation Science Standards, students are expected to be fluent with data: to collect and analyze it, create figures and tables, integrate quantitative…

Advances in Librarianship; Vol. 5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Voigt, Melvin J.

Major themes in library science for 1975 are discussed in depth in a collection of nine writings by ten prominent library figures from the United States, Spain, and France. The articles are titled: (1) international information systems; (2) national planning for library and information services; (3) statistics that describe libraries and library…

Eye tracking and climate change: How is climate literacy information processed?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williams, C. C.; McNeal, K. S.

2011-12-01

The population of the Southeastern United States is perceived to be resistant to information regarding global climate change. The Climate Literacy Partnership in the Southeast (CLiPSE) project was formed to provide a resource for climate science information. As part of this project, we are evaluating the way that education materials influence the interpretation of climate change related information. At Mississippi State University, a study is being conducted examining how individuals from the Southeastern United States process climate change information and whether or not the interaction with such information impacts the interpretation of subsequent climate change related information. By observing the patterns both before and after an educational intervention, we are able to evaluate the effectiveness of the climate change information on an individual's interpretation of related information. Participants in this study view figures describing various types of climate change related information (CO2 emissions, sea levels, etc.) while their eye movements are tracked to determine a baseline for the way that they process this type of graphical data. Specifically, we are examining time spent viewing and number of fixations on critical portions of the figures prior to exposure to an educational document on climate change. Following the baseline period, we provide participants with portions of a computerized version of Climate Literacy: The Essential Principles of Climate Sciences that the participants read at their own pace while their eye movements are monitored. Participants are told that they will be given a test on the material after reading the resource. After reading the excerpt, participants are presented with a new set of climate change related figures to interpret (with eye tracking) along with a series of questions regarding information contained in the resource. We plan to evaluate changes that occur in the way that climate change related information is processed based on reading a commonly provided climate change resource. The expectation is that participants will process the figures differently following reading the pamphlet. In addition, we will evaluate which aspects of the resource tend to best correlate with the changes in figure processing.

Lies, damn lies, and Manchester's recruiting statistics: degeneration as an "urban legend" in Victorian and Edwardian Britain.

PubMed

Heggie, Vanessa

2008-04-01

Few historians have attempted to discuss British medicine, health and welfare policies, or the biological sciences around 1900 without due reference to the concept of degeneration. Most tie public concern with degeneration to a specific set of military recruiting figures, which stated that of 11,000 would-be volunteers in Manchester, 8,000 had to be turned away due to physical defects. Further, most histories point out that these figures had a direct influence on the formation of the Inter-Departmental Committee on Physical Deterioration in 1904. With its absolute denial of hereditary decline, the 1904 Report acts as a dénouement of degenerationist fears in Britain. No historian has sought to contextualize these recruiting figures: Where did they come from? How did Manchester react? What role did that city play in the subsequent 1904 Report? Far from being the epitome of urban decay, the 1904 Report repeatedly hails Manchester as a glowing example of innovative urban reform. This article contextualizes the recruiting figures and explores how Manchester had been tackling the three key problems of Physical Deterioration-diet, exercise, and alcohol-for thirty years prior to the 1904 Report. By discussing Manchester, a new understanding of degeneration is outlined; as slogan, rhetorical tool, and urban legend, degeneration was largely feminized and domesticated. Military/masculine problems such as the recruiting figures were the exception, not the rule.

Gradient cuts and extremal edges in relative depth and figure-ground perception.

PubMed

Ghose, Tandra; Palmer, Stephen E

2016-02-01

Extremal edges (EEs) are borders consisting of luminance gradients along the projected edge of a partly self-occluding curved surface (e.g., a cylinder), with equiluminant contours (ELCs) that run approximately parallel to that edge. Gradient cuts (GCs) are similar luminance gradients with ELCs that intersect (are "cut" by) an edge that could be due to occlusion. EEs are strongly biased toward being seen as closer/figural surfaces (Palmer & Ghose, Psychological Science, 19(1), 77-83, 2008). Do GCs produce a complementary bias toward being seen as ground? Experiment 1 shows that, with EEs on the opposite side, GCs produce a ground bias that increases with increasing ELC angles between ELCs and the shared edge. Experiment 2 shows that, with flat surfaces on the opposite side, GCs do not produce a ground bias, suggesting that more than one factor may be operating. We suggest that two partially dissociable factors may operate for curved surfaces-ELC angle and 3-D surface convexity-that reinforce each other in the figural cues of EEs but compete with each other in GCs. Moreover, this figural bias is modulated by the presence of EEs and GCs, as specified by the ELC angle between ELCs and the shared contour.

Psychoactive drug advertising: content analysis.

PubMed

Mastroianni, Patrícia C; Vaz, Amanda Cristina R; Noto, Ana Regina; Galduróz, José Carlos F

2008-10-01

The goal of this study was to describe the human figures portrayed in psychoactive drug advertising in terms of gender, age, ethnic group, and social context. Content analysis for 86 new pieces of printed advertisements released in 2005 was carried out. Fisher exact test was used to analyze the association between categories. There was a preponderance of women (62.8%) who were four times more present in advertisements for antidepressants and anxyolitics than men. Most of the people shown were Caucasian (98.8%) young adults (72%). These people were pictured in leisure activities (46.5%), at home (29%), or in contact with nature (16.2%). The message conveyed was that the drugs treat routinely felt subjective symptoms of discomfort, inducing in an irrational appeal that may affect drug prescription.

Hubbard pair cluster in the external fields. Studies of the magnetic properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balcerzak, T.; Szałowski, K.

2018-06-01

The magnetic properties of the two-site Hubbard cluster (dimer or pair), embedded in the external electric and magnetic fields and treated as the open system, are studied by means of the exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian. The formalism of the grand canonical ensemble is adopted. The phase diagrams, on-site magnetizations, spin-spin correlations, mean occupation numbers and hopping energy are investigated and illustrated in figures. An influence of temperature, mean electron concentration, Coulomb U parameter and external fields on the quantities of interest is presented and discussed. In particular, the anomalous behaviour of the magnetization and correlation function vs. temperature near the critical magnetic field is found. Also, the effect of magnetization switching by the external fields is demonstrated.

Establishing the connection between peanut-shaped bulges and galactic bars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuijken, Konrad; Merrifield, Michael R.

1995-01-01

It has been suggested that the peanut-shaped bulges seen in some edge-on disk galaxies are due to the presence of a central bar. Although bars cannot be detected photometrically in edge-on galaxies, we show that barred potentials produce a strong kinematic signature in the form of double-peaked line-of-sight velocity distributions with a characteristic 'figure-of-eight' variation with radius. We have obtained spectroscopic observations of two edge-on galaxies with peanut-shaped bulges (NGC 5746 and NGC 5965), and they reveal exactly such line-of-sight velocity distributions in both their gaseous (emission line) and their stellar (absorption line) components. These observations provide strong observational evidence that peanut-shaped bulges are a by-product of bar formation.

[Correction of the mean birth weight calculated from a frequency distribution (Japan, single births, 1969-88)].

PubMed

Doi, T; Sone, T; Matsuda, S; Kahyo, H

1993-02-01

Recently the mean birth weight (MBW) of Japan is on the decrease. This phenomenon started in 1976 and continues up to the present as of 1988. Various factors accounting for this phenomenon have been considered and discussed by several researchers. They were interested in social, cultural and economic factors as well as factors influencing community health status. Although the above factors seem to be important, one problem connected with calculation of MBW is worth discussing. The MBW was calculated from a frequency distribution because of a limitation of the source material. The accuracy of calculation of statistics from a frequency distribution depends on the assumption that few frequencies fall on boundaries, but birth weight measurements are apt to fall on figures having 0 at the end because of the properties of weighing scales. Suppose that the exact weight of an infant is 2996g. If his weight is read to the nearest figure having 0 at the end by rounding, it is recorded as 3000g on the birth certificate. Then, in a frequency distribution whose class interval is 500g, his weight is treated as 3250g in calculation of the mean. But some improvements of the methods of weighing, for example, utilization of a scale displaying a digital value of weight may result in a greater chance that his weight is recorded as 2996g. Then, in the same frequency distribution, his weight is treated as 2750g in calculation of the mean. Therefore, an improvement of the method of weighing produces the phenomenon that MBW decreases even if all the original birth weights did not change. Exact relative frequency, recorded as just 2500g, that is mentioned secondarily in the Vital Statistics of Japan has been decreasing consistently since 1969. This year is the oldest in the above source having frequency distributions of single birth infants. This fact shows that methods of weighing have been improved as the years pass. In this paper we tried to correct MBW by using the relative frequency recorded as exactly 2500g. Two kinds of widths where rounding would be executed were estimated from a frequency polygon. We obtained the following results. 1) The correction equation is represented as ld approximately; where l is a class interval (500g in this paper) and d is calculated by d = Q/(pa + pa+1 + Z) as a mean value in a certain sense and by d = 2Q/(pa + pa+1 + Z) as a maximum value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Growing Aligned Carbon Nanotubes for Interconnections in ICs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Li, Jun; Ye, Qi; Cassell, Alan; Ng, Hou Tee; Stevens, Ramsey; Han, Jie; Meyyappan, M.

2005-01-01

A process for growing multiwalled carbon nanotubes anchored at specified locations and aligned along specified directions has been invented. Typically, one would grow a number of the nanotubes oriented perpendicularly to a silicon integrated-circuit (IC) substrate, starting from (and anchored on) patterned catalytic spots on the substrate. Such arrays of perpendicular carbon nanotubes could be used as electrical interconnections between levels of multilevel ICs. The process (see Figure 1) begins with the formation of a layer, a few hundred nanometers thick, of a compatible electrically insulating material (e.g., SiO(x) or Si(y)N(z) on the silicon substrate. A patterned film of a suitable electrical conductor (Al, Mo, Cr, Ti, Ta, Pt, Ir, or doped Si), having a thickness between 1 nm and 2 m, is deposited on the insulating layer to form the IC conductor pattern. Next, a catalytic material (usually, Ni, Fe, or Co) is deposited to a thickness between 1 and 30 nm on the spots from which it is desired to grow carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes are grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Unlike the matted and tangled carbon nanotubes grown by thermal CVD, the carbon nanotubes grown by PECVD are perpendicular and freestanding because an electric field perpendicular to the substrate is used in PECVD. Next, the free space between the carbon nanotubes is filled with SiO2 by means of CVD from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), thereby forming an array of carbon nanotubes embedded in SiO2. Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is then performed to remove excess SiO2 and form a flat-top surface in which the outer ends of the carbon nanotubes are exposed. Optionally, depending on the application, metal lines to connect selected ends of carbon nanotubes may be deposited on the top surface. The top part of Figure 2 is a scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of carbon nanotubes grown, as described above, on catalytic spots of about 100 nm diameter patterned by electron-beam lithography. These and other nanotubes were found to have lengths ranging from 2 to 10 m and diameters ranging from 30 to 200 nm, the exact values of length depending on growth times and conditions and the exact values of diameter depending on the diameters and thicknesses of the catalyst spots. The bottom part of Figure 2 is an SEM of an embedded array of carbon nanotubes after CMP.

Experiment.com's first $1M - case studies and trends in online scientific crowdfunding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luan, D.

2014-12-01

Experiment is an online platform for connecting scientists and communities of online donors. After funding nearly 200 projects in topic areas ranging from life science to social science, we've amassed some knowledge about how science is kickstarted. As online crowdfunding and science communication on the internet continues to grow, we'd like to share some historical data as well as forecast the future of science funding. We'd like to present several successful case studies of scientists conducting their research online and in the open. Successful projects include spin-off startups, undergraduate and graduate student projects, and some of AGU's own scientists and faculty. If this absract is accepted, interested parties can submit questions or requests for figures in advance to denny@experiment.com. Also, we hope this talk will be entertaining.

Mid-Victorian science museums and exhibitions: 'the industrial amusement and instruction of the people'.

PubMed

Lightman, Bernard

2013-06-01

The Royal Polytechnic Institution, Wyld's Globe and the Royal Panopticon were part of a family of institutions that existed in the post-Great Exhibition era that shared a common approach to popularizing science based on the blending of education and entertainment. Studying them helps us to understand the Victorian fascination with science, especially in the third quarter of the century. It draws our attention to the important role of popularizers of science who worked in these museums and exhibitions. Once their role is added to our account of the cult of science, a very different picture emerges that forces us to reconsider the standard story of the dominance of the scientific scene in the second half of the century by figures such as Darwin, Huxley and Tyndall. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Some new exact solitary wave solutions of the van der Waals model arising in nature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bibi, Sadaf; Ahmed, Naveed; Khan, Umar; Mohyud-Din, Syed Tauseef

2018-06-01

This work proposes two well-known methods, namely, Exponential rational function method (ERFM) and Generalized Kudryashov method (GKM) to seek new exact solutions of the van der Waals normal form for the fluidized granular matter, linked with natural phenomena and industrial applications. New soliton solutions such as kink, periodic and solitary wave solutions are established coupled with 2D and 3D graphical patterns for clarity of physical features. Our comparison reveals that the said methods excel several existing methods. The worked-out solutions show that the suggested methods are simple and reliable as compared to many other approaches which tackle nonlinear equations stemming from applied sciences.

Advanced Solid-State Lasers/Compact Blue-Green Lasers. 1993 Technical Digest Series. Volume 2. Organization of the 1993 Photonics Science Topical Meetings held in New Orleans, Louisiana on 1 - 4 February 1993

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-02-04

memories is presented. (p. 400) JWC2 Pairwlse visible to UV up- tions. Periodic domain-inverted structure has conversion In Ho=÷ and Tm’" doped potential...Sydney. Nd:W. aM5itoL 40 1A 18 led &: 400 1C ID •:•• •e,,,- • ,, Figure 1; Geometries for solid collectors with 1, 2 or 3 pump sources. Figure 2...Although the output efficiencies of early devices were quite low, resonant enhancement of the signal input inside the laser cavity has recently led to

Conditioning Methodologies for DanceSport: Lessons from Gymnastics, Figure Skating, and Concert Dance Research.

PubMed

Outevsky, David; Martin, Blake Cw

2015-12-01

Dancesport, the competitive branch of ballroom dancing, places high physiological and psychological demands on its practitioners, but pedagogical resources in these areas for this dance form are limited. Dancesport competitors could benefit from strategies used in other aesthetic sports. In this review, we identify conditioning methodologies from gymnastics, figure skating, and contemporary, modern, and ballet dance forms that could have relevance and suitability for dancesport training, and propose several strategies for inclusion in the current dancesport curriculum. We reviewed articles derived from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis Online, and Web of Science search engines and databases, with publication dates from 1979 to 2013. The keywords included MeSH terms: dancing, gymnastics, physiology, energy metabolism, physical endurance, and range of motion. Out of 47 papers examined, 41 papers met the inclusion criteria (validity of scientific methods, topic relevance, transferability to dancesport, publication date). Quality and validity of the data were assessed by examining the methodologies in each study and comparing studies on similar populations as well as across time using the PRISMA 2009 checklist and flowchart. The relevant research suggests that macro-cycle periodization planning, aerobic and anaerobic conditioning, range of motion and muscular endurance training, and performance psychology methods have potential for adaptation for dancesport training. Dancesport coaches may help their students fulfill their ambitions as competitive athletes and dance artists by adapting the relevant performance enhancement strategies from gymnastics, figure skating, and concert dance forms presented in this paper.

Geosat follow-on satellite to supply ocean sciences data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barry, Robert; Finkelstein, Jay; Kilgus, Charles; Mooers, C. N. K.; Needham, Bruce; Crawford, Mike

After successfully completing a critical design review for its Geosat Follow-On (GFO) radar altimeter satellite, the Navy is giving the green light for an early 1996 launch. GFO is a small (347 kg) highly capable satellite that capitalizes on both Geosat and TOPEX experience. GFO will fly in the exact orbit of Geosat, delivering real-time data directly to ships at sea and making global observations for shore-based ocean prediction and scientific research. The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) will distribute GFO data to the ocean science community.

Field of Fans

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2007-01-01

[figure removed for brevity, see original site] [figure removed for brevity, see original site] Subimage #1 Figure 1 Subimage #2 Figure 2 [figure removed for brevity, see original site] [figure removed for brevity, see original site] Anaglyph Figure 3 Subimage #3 Figure 4

At the very beginning of spring in the southern hemisphere on Mars the ground is covered with a seasonal layer of carbon dioxide ice. In this image there are two lanes of undisturbed ice bordered by two lanes peppered with fans of dark dust.

When we zoom in to the subimage (figure 1), the fans are seen to be pointed in the same direction, dust carried along by the prevailing wind. The fans seem to emanate from spider-like features.

The second subimage (figure 2) zooms in to full HiRISE resolution to reveal the nature of the 'spiders.' The arms are channels carved in the surface, blanketed by the seasonal carbon dioxide ice. The seasonal ice, warmed from below, evaporates and the gas is carried along the channels. Wherever a weak spot is found the gas vents to the top of the seasonal ice, carrying along dust from below.

The anaglyph (figure 3) of this spider shows that these channels are deep, deepening and widening as they converge. Spiders like this are often draped over the local topography and often channels get larger as they go uphill. This is consistent with a gas eroding the channels.

A different channel morphology is apparent in the lanes not showing fans. In these regions the channels are dense, more like lace, and are not radially organized. The third subimage (figure 4) shows an example of 'lace.'

Observation Geometry Image PSP_002532_0935 was taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft on 09-Feb-2007. The complete image is centered at -86.4 degrees latitude, 99.1 degrees East longitude. The range to the target site was 276.1 km (172.6 miles). At this distance the image scale is 55.2 cm/pixel (with 2 x 2 binning) so objects 166 cm across are resolved. The image shown here has been map-projected to 50 cm/pixel. The image was taken at a local Mars time of 04:27 PM and the scene is illuminated from the west with a solar incidence angle of 88 degrees, thus the sun was about 2 degrees above the horizon. At a solar longitude of 181.1 degrees, the season on Mars is Northern Autumn.

Essays of a peripheral mind: Wyatt Earp, T. rex, and other dinosaurs

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

There are many examples of science reforming and expanding and building on what we know in a fashion very different from what we had previously learned. The scientific method is doing exactly what it is supposed to do. We always start research from an incomplete understanding, so we interpret base...

The Ultimate Fizz

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heckscher, Mary

2008-01-01

Many recipes for elementary science activities suggest making carbon dioxide from baking soda and vinegar; however, they often do not give exact measurements of the ingredients. The author was able to turn this "drawback" into a plus by challenging her fifth-grade students to find the "ultimate fizz"--i.,e., "What amount of baking soda added to a…

Science 101: What Causes Friction?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robertson, Bill

2014-01-01

Defining friction and asking what causes it might seem like a trivial question. Friction seems simple enough to understand. Friction is a force between surfaces that pushes against things that are moving or tending to move, and the rougher the surfaces, the greater the friction. Bill Robertson answers this by saying, "Well, not exactly".…

Tantra yukti method of theorization in ayurveda.

PubMed

Singh, Anuradha

2003-01-01

Method of theorization (Tantra Yukti-s given in Ayurvedic texts) is analyzed in the backdrop of scientific method. Thirty six methodic devices are singled out from texts for analysis in terms of truth specific, theory specific and discourse specific issues. The paper also points out exact problems in conception of method in Ayurveda and Science.

What Is Rotating in Exploratory Factor Analysis?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Osborne, Jason W.

2015-01-01

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is one of the most commonly-reported quantitative methodology in the social sciences, yet much of the detail regarding what happens during an EFA remains unclear. The goal of this brief technical note is to explore what "rotation" is, what exactly is rotating, and why we use rotation when performing…

Lie Symmetry Analysis, Conservation Laws and Exact Power Series Solutions for Time-Fractional Fordy-Gibbons Equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feng, Lian-Li; Tian, Shou-Fu; Wang, Xiu-Bin; Zhang, Tian-Tian

2016-09-01

In this paper, the time fractional Fordy-Gibbons equation is investigated with Riemann-Liouville derivative. The equation can be reduced to the Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon equation, Savada-Kotera equation and the Kaup-Kupershmidt equation, etc. By means of the Lie group analysis method, the invariance properties and symmetry reductions of the equation are derived. Furthermore, by means of the power series theory, its exact power series solutions of the equation are also constructed. Finally, two kinds of conservation laws of the equation are well obtained with aid of the self-adjoint method. Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Key Discipline Construction under Grant No. XZD201602, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant Nos. 2015QNA53 and 2015XKQY14, the Fundamental Research Funds for Postdoctoral at the Key Laboratory of Gas and Fire Control for Coal Mines, the General Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No. 2015M570498, and Natural Sciences Foundation of China under Grant No. 11301527

Spitzer Digs Up Hidden Stars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2007-01-01

[figure removed for brevity, see original site] 3-Panel Version Figure 1 [figure removed for brevity, see original site] [figure removed for brevity, see original site] [figure removed for brevity, see original site] Visible Light Figure 2 Infrared (IRAC) Figure 3 Combined Figure 4

Two rambunctious young stars are destroying their natal dust cloud with powerful jets of radiation, in an infrared image from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope.

The stars are located approximately 600 light-years away in a cosmic cloud called BHR 71. In visible light (left panel), BHR 71 is just a large black structure. The burst of yellow light toward the bottom of the cloud is the only indication that stars might be forming inside. In infrared light (center panel), the baby stars are shown as the bright yellow smudges toward the center. Both of these yellow spots have wisps of green shooting out of them. The green wisps reveal the beginning of a jet. Like a rainbow, the jet begins as green, then transitions to orange, and red toward the end. The combined visible-light and infrared composite (right panel) shows that a young star's powerful jet is responsible for the rupture at the bottom of the dense cloud in the visible-light image. Astronomers know this because burst of light in the visible-light image overlaps exactly with a jet spouting-out of the left star, in the infrared image.

The jets' changing colors reveal a cooling effect, and may suggest that the young stars are spouting out radiation in regular bursts. The green tints at the beginning of the jet reveal really hot hydrogen gas, the orange shows warm gas, and the reddish wisps at the end represent the coolest gas. The fact that gas toward the beginning of the jet is hotter than gas near the middle suggests that the stars must give off regular bursts of energy -- and the material closest to the star is being heated by shockwaves from a recent stellar outburst. Meanwhile, the tints of orange reveal gas that is currently being heated by shockwaves from a previous stellar outburst. By the time these shockwaves reach the end of the jet, they have slowed down so significantly that the gas is only heated a little, and looks red. The combination of views also brings out some striking details that evaded visible-light detection. For example, the yellow dots scattered throughout the image are actually young stars forming inside BHR 71. Spitzer also uncovered another young star with jets, located to the right of the powerful jet seen in the visible-light image. Spitzer can see details that visible-light telescopes don't, because its infrared instruments are sensitive to 'heat.'

The infrared image is made up of data from Spitzer's infrared array camera. Blue shows infrared light at 3.6 microns, green is light at 4.5 microns, and red is light at 8.0 microns.

Don't Explain so Much at Once, and Other Lessons From the Young Reviewers of Frontiers for Young Minds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baker, A. M.

2015-12-01

Most public communication about cutting-edge science happens through a series of filters - press teams, science journalists, news outlets, or even bloggers. Unfortunately, these filters can sometimes lead to research being presented in a way that demotivates the researchers from wanting to translate their science for a broader audience in the future. Frontiers for Young Minds was developed to bridge this gap by publishing plain-language research articles that are written by scientists about their own research and "peer reviewed" by kids ages 8-15 for their own young peers. Though Frontiers for Young Minds authors know that they are creating a high-quality science resource that will be freely available online, many are surprised by the lessons they stand to learn by having direct access to their target audience for feedback. The young reviewers can be refreshingly blunt, questioning everything from why money was spent on such a project to why researchers would make something that should be exciting "too boring to even finish reading." Frontiers for Young Minds is compiling this feedback to create guides for researchers who want to translate their research for young readers, including: using your structure as part of the communication process, the dangers of explaining too much at once, reading to learn, limitations in vocabulary for different age groups, outreach figures - vs - research figures, defining your communication goals, communicating motivation and context, and sharing your excitement. We are working to share our experiences and create resources that will not only be useful for people participating in Frontiers for Young Minds, but for anyone who wants to become a better science communicator.

Flow-induced oscillations of a floating moored cylinder

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carlson, Daniel; Modarres-Sadeghi, Yahya

2016-11-01

An experimental study of flow-induced oscillations of a floating model spar buoy was conducted. The model spar consisted of a floating uniform cylinder moored in a water tunnel test section, and free to oscillate about its mooring attachment point near the center of mass. For the bare cylinder, counter-clockwise (CCW) figure-eight trajectories approaching A* =1 in amplitude were observed at the lower part of the spar for a reduced velocity range of U* =4-11, while its upper part experienced clockwise (CW) orbits. It was hypothesized that the portion of the spar undergoing CCW figure eights is the portion within which the flow excites the structure. By adding helical strakes to the portion of the cylinder with CCW figure eights, the response amplitude was significantly reduced, while adding strakes to portions with clockwise orbital motion had a minimal influence on the amplitude of response. This work is partially supported by the NSF-sponsored IGERT: Offshore Wind Energy Engineering, Environmental Science, and Policy (Grant Number 1068864).

R/V Maurice Ewing retires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Diebold, John

2005-07-01

The R/V Maurice Ewing came into port for the last time on 10 March 2005, tying up at Quonset Point, R.I., astern of the ship slated to be her replacement (Figure 1). M/V Western Legend (Figure 1, left) will, during fall and winter of 2005-2006, be converted as R/V Marcus G. Langseth, and will replace the Maurice Ewing (Figure 1, right) as the primary seismic research vessel within the U.S. academic research vessel fleet.During its distinguished 15-year career, Ewing's operations added fundamentally to the knowledge and understanding of solid Earth dynamics and structure. Ewing began life as the M/V Bernier, and performed seismic offshore exploration for Petro Canada. In an innovative process, which included initialization provided by Columbia University, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) acquired Bernier in 1989, and the ship's title passed to NSF in 1990. Bernier was converted into R/V Ewing for a total expenditure (approximately $12 million) far below the cost of building and outfitting a new seismic research ship.

Chutes and Fissures in Greenland

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-05-12

Scientists and crew with NASA’s Operation IceBridge, which makes annual aerial surveys of polar ice, are wrapping up their seventh campaign over the Arctic. In spring 2015, the team began using a different research aircraft—an adapted C-130 Hercules. They also added four new high-priority targets in the rapidly changing region of northeast Greenland. Many of the flights, however, were routine. And that’s exactly the point; making measurements over the same path each year provides continuity between NASA’s Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) missions—the first of which ended in 2009 and the second of which is scheduled for launch in 2017. Repeat measurements show how a landscape changes over time. One area that has been surveyed repeatedly is northern Greenland’s Ryder Glacier. This photograph, taken during the IceBridge flight on May 6, 2015, shows a large moulin—dozens of meters across—atop this glacier. Moulins are holes in the ice sheet that drain melt water from the ice sheet’s surface to the bottom or out to the sea. Scientists are working to figure out what happens to melt water once it enters a moulin. Read more: earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=85858&eocn... Credit: NASA Earth Observatory NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Viktor Ambartsumian: Life and Activities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mickaelian, Areg M.

2014-09-01

The booklet is dedicated to the outstanding Armenian astronomer and one of the great scientists of the XX century Viktor Ambartsumian. He has fundamentally contributed in various fields of astronomy and astrophysics, cosmogony, theoretical physics, mathematics, and philosophy. Ambartsumian was a great organizer of science, important political and public figure. He was the Director of BAO in 1946-1988, the President of the Armenian Academy of Sciences in 1947-1993, the President of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1961-1964 and the President of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) in 1968-1972.

USSR Space Life Sciences Digest, issue 32

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stone, Lydia Razran (Editor); Rowe, Joseph (Editor)

1992-01-01

This is the thirty-second issue of NASA's USSR Space Life Sciences Digest. It contains abstracts of 34 journal or conference papers published in Russian and of 4 Soviet monographs. Selected abstracts are illustrated with figures and tables from the original. The abstracts in this issue have been identified as relevant to 18 areas of space biology and medicine. These areas include: adaptation, aviation medicine, biological rhythms, biospherics, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, developmental biology, exobiology, habitability and environmental effects, human performance, hematology, mathematical models, metabolism, microbiology, musculoskeletal system, neurophysiology, operational medicine, and reproductive system.

An introduction to the special issue on Geoscience Papers of the Future

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

David, Cédric H.; Gil, Yolanda; Duffy, Christopher J.; Peckham, Scott D.; Venayagamoorthy, S. Karan

2016-10-01

Advocates of enhanced quality for published scientific results are increasingly voicing the need for further transparency of data and software for scientific reproducibility. However, such advanced digital scholarship can appear perplexing to geoscientists that are seduced by the concept of open science yet wonder about the exact mechanics and implications of the associated efforts. This special issue of Earth and Space Science entitled "Geoscience Papers of the Future" includes a review of existing best practices for digital scholarship and bundles a set of example articles that share their digital research products and reflect on the process of opening their scientific approach in a common quest for reproducible science.

The Whole Library Handbook 3: Current Data, Professional Advice, and Curiosa about Libraries and Library Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eberhart, George M., Comp.

This handbook contains articles, guidelines, and other information from the field of library science organized into the following chapters: (1) "Libraries," including some basic figures, academic libraries, public libraries, school libraries, special libraries, national libraries, state libraries, small libraries, facilities, the past, and the…

George Lakoff's New Happiness: Politics after Rationality

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parrott, John B.

2009-01-01

Berkeley professor of linguistics and cognitive science George Lakoff is among the handful of current faculty members in the United States to have successfully recast himself as a significant figure in national politics. Though his views place rather far on the progressive left, he has, unlike some other scholar-activists, focused most of his…

Talking Early Childhood Education: Fictional Enquiry with Historical Figures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Selbie, Philip; Clough, Peter

2005-01-01

The use of fictional writing, and in particular fictional dialogue, has gained increasing credibility and popularity within the field of qualitative social science research (Clough, 2002; Denzin, 1997; Tierney, 1998) but research in early childhood education has yet to exploit such methodologies. This article asks: what is meant by the term…

Ferrium M54 Steel

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-18

porosity, similar to that observed in this study (Figure A-10), was also observed by Figueroa and Robinson (reference 16) in the coatings of Cd, Zn-14% Ni...Philadelphia, 1988, pp. 372-386. 16. D. Figueroa and M. J. Robinson, Corrosion Science, 2008, Vol. 50, pp. 1066-1079. 17. E. M. K. Hiller and M. J

Webby Award Winners: Interactive Media for the Social Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berson, Ilene R.; Berson, Michael J.

2010-01-01

The Webbys are one of the leading international awards honoring excellence on the Internet. Established in 1996 during the web's infancy, the Webbys are presented by the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences, a 550-member body of leading web experts, business figures, luminaries, visionaries, and creative celebrities. These experts…

With "Biobricks," Students Snap Together a New Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trivedi, Bijal

2007-01-01

The underlying goal of the International Genetically Engineered Machine Competition, known as iGEM, is to figure out whether biological organisms and devices can be built from a collection of standard, off-the-shelf parts, just as someone might build a kit plane or car. For the undergraduates, it's an opportunity to construct whatever creature…

Advocating Science for All: An Interview with Peter J. Fensham

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cardellini, Liberato

2013-01-01

After providing some glimpses of his private life, Peter Fensham, a leading figure of the prestigious Faculty of Education, Monash University (and now emeritus professor at Queensland University, Brisbane, Australia), gives some suggestions about the conditions that help students to learn meaningfully. He began his career in the field of physical…

CRIS Cyber Range Lexicon Version 1.0 (Report 59 0001)

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-11-27

Evaluation (T&E) Support Cell, TRMC/ Northrop Grumman ) Dr. David “Fuzzy” Wells (USPACOM) Mr. Bennett Wilson (NAVSEA GOV – CDSA, Damneck...9 Figure 4: Planes and Teams...Communities supported by the CRIS WG include, but are not limited to, Science & Technology (S&T) experimentation , Developmental and Operational Test and

model outputs

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Figures 1-10 and Table 1This dataset is associated with the following publication:Chang, S.Y., S. Arunachalam, A. Valencia, B. Naess, V. Isakov , M. Breen , T. Palma , and W. Vizuete. A modeling framework for characterizing near-road air pollutant concentration at community scales. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier BV, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 538: 905-921, (2015).

An Introduction to Greenhouse Production.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McMahon, Robert W.

This student manual provides a basic text for those preparing for greenhouse and floriculture work. At the beginning of each chapter, competencies are listed, along with related math and science concepts, and a list of "terms to know"; figures, tables, and photographs may be included. At the end of each chapter, a self-check can be made…

Mitochondrial genome sequences illuminate maternal lineages of conservation concern in a rare carnivore

Treesearch

Brian J. Knaus; Richard Cronn; Aaron Liston; Kristine Pilgrim; Michael K. Schwartz

2011-01-01

Science-based wildlife management relies on genetic information to infer population connectivity and identify conservation units. The most commonly used genetic marker for characterizing animal biodiversity and identifying maternal lineages is the mitochondrial genome. Mitochondrial genotyping figures prominently in conservation and management plans, with much of the...

Coat Hangers across the Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kibble, Bob

2012-01-01

There are many ways in which wire coat hangers can be used other than for suspending clothes. The author has been making use of them in his teaching for many years--copying ideas from colleagues and creating some for himself. In this article, he shares five examples that can enrich learning about science. (Contains 6 figures.)

Developing and Implementing an Interdisciplinary Origins Course at a State University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Keith; Totten, Iris

2009-01-01

A truly interdisciplinary course was successfully developed and taught that presented an overview of the historical sciences with an emphasis on the nature of scientific inquiry and its relationship to other ways of knowing. The course included contributions from faculty in physics, biology, geology, philosophy, and English. (Contains 2 figures.)

Know Thyself: The Importance of Humanism in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zucca-Scott, Laura

2010-01-01

Current and past reforms have attempted to address the challenges of the educational world. There are undoubtedly reasons for concern as illiteracy and high school dropout rates are still haunting figures in the United States (Institute of Education Sciences, 2010; National Assessment of Literacy, 2010). Thus, the need for improvement in the U.S.…

H[subscript 2]O and You

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson, Julie

2009-01-01

Learning about states of matter is fun and exciting when students, acting as water molecules, role-play moving from a solid to a liquid to a gas. The 5-E lesson plan model provides the framework for this activity, ensuring that students actively engage in inquiry science while creatively constructing knowledge. (Contains 2 figures.)

A Trickster Tale about Integrating Indigenous Knowledge in University-Based Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Sylvia

2012-01-01

Written as a trickster tale and co-narrated by the researcher and a trickster figure (Crow), this writing considers the challenges of bringing traditional ecological knowledge to environmental studies and science programs. The researcher describes a project to raise and release salmon, which was collaboratively developed and carried out by members…

Kelly et al. (2016): Simulating the phase partitioning of NH3, HNO3, and HCl with size-resolved particles over northern Colorado in winter

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

In this study, modeled gas- and aerosol phase ammonia, nitric acid, and hydrogen chloride are compared to measurements taken during a field campaign conducted in northern Colorado in February and March 2011. We compare the modeled and observed gas-particle partitioning, and assess potential reasons for discrepancies between the model and measurements. This data set contains scripts and data used for each figure in the associated manuscript. Figures are generated using the R project statistical programming language. Data files are in either comma-separated value (CSV) format or netCDF, a standard self-describing binary data format commonly used in the earth and atmospheric sciences. This dataset is associated with the following publication:Kelly , J., K. Baker , C. Nolte, S. Napelenok , W.C. Keene, and A.A.P. Pszenny. Simulating the phase partitioning of NH3, HNO3, and HCl with size-resolved particles over northern Colorado in winter. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 131: 67-77, (2016).

A Selenological History of Lunar Poetics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

von Chamier-Waite, C. T.

2016-01-01

The Moon. Centuries of human inquiry have engaged this mysterious object. The Moon embodies history, philosophy, cosmology, and passions; the nature of love, persecution, and our capacity for the sublime. This review considers a body of research on lunar poetics done for a series of artworks by the author. It will look at a few select writings that have profoundly influenced our epistemological, ontological, and poetic knowledge of the universe with the Moon as a central theme. Centered in the early seventeenth century at the time of Kepler and Galileo, this query follows the tendrils of lunar influences in both the sciences and literature that emanate from these two figures, forwards and backwards in time. Science, politics, theology, and the arts intertwine in this investigation. The works reviewed link the philosophy of Aristotle and the poetry of Lucian of Samosata to findings by Leonardo Da Vinci, Copernicus, Jules Verne, and others. The chosen philosophers have been selected because of their significant contributions to selenology and lunar poetics, and each of the figures reviewed have the honor of a namesake crater upon the Moon.

Intracontinental rift comparisons: Baikal and Rio Grande Rift Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lipman, P. W.; Logatchev, N. A.; Zorin, Y. A.; Chapman, C. E.; Kovalenko, V.; Morgan, P.

Both the Baikal rift in Siberia and the Rio Grande rift in New Mexico, Colorado and Texas are major intracontinental extensional structures of Cenozoic age that affect regions about 1500 km long and several hundred km wide (Figures 1, 2). In the summer of 1988 these rifts were visited by study groups of U.S. and Soviet geoscientists during cooperative field workshops sponsored by the Soviet Academy of Sciences, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and U.S. Geological Survey.In the Rio Grande region, we spent 2 weeks examining rift features between El Paso, Tex., and Denver, Colo. Particular emphasis was on the sedimentary record of rift evolution, widespread volcanic activity from inception of rifting to the present, geophysical expression of rift features, and relations between rifting and the larger-scale evolution of the North American Cordillera. In the Baikal region, which presents formidable logistic problems for a workshop, we travelled by bus, truck, helicopter, and ship to examine young seismotectonic features, rift-related basalt, and bounding structures of the Siberian craton that influenced rift development (Figure 3).

A Research-Informed Instructional Unit to Teach the Nature of Science to Pre-Service Science Teachers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adúriz-Bravo, Agustín; Izquierdo-Aymerich, Mercè

2009-09-01

In this paper we discuss the foundations and process of design of a research-informed instructional unit aimed for pre-service science teacher education. The unit covers some key ideas on the nature of science (around methodology, theory change, scientific inference and explanation, values, gender issues) anchoring them in a well-known episode from the history of science—the ‘discovery’ of radium by the Curies. Such episode is mainly examined as reconstructed in the 1997 French commercial film ‘Les Palmes de Monsieur Schutz’. Pre-service science teachers are required to solve three tasks, individually and in small groups; those tasks are respectively centred around: (1) the distinction between ‘discovering’ and ‘inventing’; (2) scientific modelling via abduction; and (3) the extended hagiographic treatment of the figure of Madame Curie. Plenary debates around the tasks aim at acquainting pre-service science teachers with some powerful concepts of twentieth century philosophy of science.

First numbers for National Science Foundation, NASA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

After months of speculation about funding for science in the Fiscal Year 1998 (FY 1998) federal budget, some first figures became available in late June for the National Science Foundation and NASA—when the House of Representatives' VA, HUD, Independent Agencies Appropriations Subcommittee marked up its bill. However, details may not be known until July 8, when the full House Appropriations Committee meets to vote on the legislation. The full House is expected to vote on the appropriations the week of July 13. The Senate Appropriations Subcommittee, which has less overall money to spend, is expected to complete its work the week of July 13 also. The following information is known about the House bill.

Science and Art

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moore, John W.

2001-10-01

Science and art diverge in that art usually represents a single individual's conception and viewpoint, even when many others are involved in bringing a work to fruition, whereas science progresses by extending consensus among those knowledgeable in a field. Art usually communicates at an emotional level. It values individual expression and impact on the emotions at the expense of objectivity. Science, especially in its archival record, values objectivity and reproducibility and does not express the imagination and joy of discovery inherent in its practice. This is too bad, because it does not give a realistic picture of how science is really done and because individuality and emotion are inherently more interesting than consensus. Leaving out the personal, emotional side can make science seem boring and pedestrian, when exactly the opposite is true. In teaching science we need to remember that communication always benefits from imagination and esthetic sense. If we present science artistically and imaginatively, as well as objectively and precisely, students will develop a more complete understanding of what science and scientists are about--one that is likely to capture their imaginations, emotions, and best efforts.

Meeting the Demands of the Workplace: Science Students and Written Skills

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gray, F. Elizabeth; Emerson, Lisa; Mackay, Bruce

2005-12-01

Over the last 15 years, surveys in a range of English-speaking countries, from North America and the United Kingdom, to New Zealand and Australia, have consistently shown that employers rank oral and written communication skills as highly as or more highly than any technical or quantitative skills. However, in New Zealand there has been very little research into determining exactly what is meant by the "written communication skills" employers state they desire. A further issue in this research to date has been a lack of differentiation between employers—no study has specifically targeted the requirements of employers of science graduates. This article reports the findings of ongoing research into the expectations of science students and of employers of science graduates, and centers around several key questions: What do New Zealand employers of science graduates specifically want in terms of their new hires' writing skills?

Mt. St. Helens

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

[figure removed for brevity, see original site] [figure removed for brevity, see original site] Figure 1 Movie

This 3-D anaglyph image of Mt. St. Helens volcano combines the nadir-looking and back-looking band 3 images of ASTER. To view the image in stereo, you will need blue-red glasses. Make sure to look through the red lens with your left eye. Figure 1: This ASTER image of Mt. St. Helens volcano in Washington was acquired on August 8, 2000 and covers an area of 37 by 51 km. Mount Saint Helens, a volcano in the Cascade Range of southwestern Washington that had been dormant since 1857, began to show signs of renewed activity in early 1980. On 18 May 1980, it erupted with such violence that the top of the mountain was blown off, spewing a cloud of ash and gases that rose to an altitude of 19 kilometers. The blast killed about 60 people and destroyed all life in an area of some 180 square kilometers (some 70 square miles), while a much larger area was covered with ash and debris. It continues to spit forth ash and steam intermittently. As a result of the eruption, the mountain's elevation decreased from 2,950 meters to 2,549 meters. The image is centered at 46.2 degrees north latitude, 122.2 degrees west longitude.

Movie: The simulated fly-over was produced by draping ASTER visible and near infrared image data over a digital topography model, created from ASTER's 3-D stereo bands. The color was computer enhanced to create a natural color image, where the vegetation appears green. The topography has been exaggerated 2 times to enhance the appearance of the relief.

The U.S. science team is located at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. The Terra mission is part of NASA's Science Mission Directorate.

Cosmic Christ in a Quantum Universe.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kohli, Mary Ann

This study examines the figure of the second American Adam--the cosmic Christ archetype--in terms of a possible shift in the focus of Western consciousness. As science moves closer to religion and as Newtonian dualism gives way to a more holistic theory (in which observer, observed, and process of observation are all intricately interlinked), the cosmic Christ emerges as a symbol in contemporary American fiction of a potentially unified awareness which could reconnect post-Christian man to God, to the world, and to the self. Such a rebirth of unity would be contingent upon the death of a consciousness reliant upon the rational, linear, masculine, left-brained thinking associated with the old Newtonian paradigm. The resurrected consciousness would consolidate Eastern and Western religion by acknowledging the God within man through the Western symbology of the Christ prototype. It would also balance the intuitional with the rational, the cyclical with the linear, the feminine with the masculine, and the right brain with the left. In other words, the repressed elements of the collective Western psyche would be allowed to come to awareness and be integrated into the mind at large. This integrating process is implicit in the cosmic Christ imagery. The novels which are considered are all concerned with the role of consciousness in the postmodern world and the part that science and religion play in determining the nature of that role. In such varied works as Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow, John Updike's Roger's Version, Saul Bellow's Herzog, Joan Didion's A Book of Common Prayer, and William Vollmann's The Ice-Shirt, a cosmic Christ figure invariably appears. The success of this figure, however, is ambiguous and uncertain. At best, the transition of consciousness that is achieved is individual rather than communal. Nevertheless, as chaos theory has demonstrated, small changes can bring about major effects. Consequently, both the science of today and the rapid growth of noninstitutional spirituality has brought a new importance to the individual, who is represented by the cosmic Christ in a quantum universe.

Social Science Between Neo-Kantianism and Philosophy of Life: The Cases of Weber, Simmel, and Mannheim

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Šuber, Daniel

In recent years, a group of social scientists have credited Wilhelm Dilthey with the status of a "classical sociological theorist" (Bakker 1999) and a key figure with regard to the establishment of the social sciences since the last decades of the nineteenth century.1 Such evaluations stand in distinct contrast to Dilthey's reputation as a firm critic of sociology on the one hand and his dubious standing within his proper field, philosophy, on the other, where he is perceived as a failed epistemologist. Generally, his influence on social and cultural science is associated with his notion of Erleben and understanding as fundamental categories for the interpretive sciences and their unique relatedness to their particular subject. On the basis of this starting point, he eventually established a division between Verstehen and Erklären and, correspondingly, human and natural sciences.

The Ocean Observatories Initiative: Data, Data and More Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crowley, M. F.; Vardaro, M.; Belabbassi, L.; Smith, M. J.; Garzio, L. M.; Knuth, F.; Glenn, S. M.; Schofield, O.; Lichtenwalner, C. S.; Kerfoot, J.

2016-02-01

The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI), a project funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and managed by the Consortium for Ocean Leadership, is a networked infrastructure of science-driven sensor systems that measure the physical, chemical, geological, and biological variables in the ocean and seafloor on coastal, regional, and global scales. OOI long term research arrays have been installed off the Washington coast (Cabled), Massachusetts and Oregon coasts (Coastal) and off Alaska, Greenland, Chile and Argentina (Global). Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Oregon State University are responsible for the coastal and global moorings and their autonomous vehicles. The University of Washington is responsible for cabled seafloor systems and moorings. Rutgers University operates the Cyberinfrastructure (CI) portion of the OOI, which acquires, processes and distributes data to the scientists, researchers, educators and the public. It also provides observatory mission command and control, data assessment and distribution, and long-term data management. This talk will present an overview of the OOI infrastructure and its three primary websites which include: 1) An OOI overview website offering technical information on the infrastructure ranging from instruments to science goals, news, deployment updates, and information on the proposal process, 2) The Education and Public Engagement website where students can view and analyze exactly the same data that scientists have access to at exactly the same time, but with simple visualization tools and compartmentalized lessons that lead them through complex science questions, and 3) The primary data access website and machine to machine interface where anyone can plot or download data from the over 700 instruments within the OOI Network.

Structures of plutonium coordination compounds: A review of past work, recent single crystal x-ray diffraction results, and what we're learning about plutonium coordination chemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neu, M. P.; Matonic, J. H.; Smith, D. M.; Scott, B. L.

2000-07-01

The compounds we have isolated and characterized include plutonium(III) and plutonium(IV) bound by ligands with a range of donor types and denticity (halide, phosphine oxide, hydroxamate, amine, sulfide) in a variety of coordination geometries. For example, we have obtained the first X-ray structure of Pu(III) complexed by a soft donor ligand. Using a "one pot" synthesis beginning with Pu metal strips and iodine in acetonitrile and adding trithiacyclononane we isolated the complex, PuI3(9S3)(MeCN)2 (Figure 1). On the other end of the coordination chemistry spectrum, we have obtained the first single crystal structure of the Pu(IV) hexachloro anion (Figure 2). Although this species has been used in plutonium purification via anion exchange chromatography for decades, the bond distances and exact structure were not known. We have also characterized the first plutonium-biomolecule complex, Pu(IV) bound by the siderophore desferrioxamine E.In this presentation we will review the preparation, structures, and importance of previously known coordination compounds and of those we have recently isolated. We will show the coordination chemistry of plutonium is rich and varied, well worth additional exploration.

TIGER Burned Brightly in JAMIC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Olson, Sandra L.; Kashiwagi, Takashi

2001-01-01

The Transition From Ignition to Flame Growth Under External Radiation in 3D (TIGER- 3D) experiment, which is slated to fly aboard the International Space Station, conducted a series of highly successful tests in collaboration with the University of Hokkaido using Japan's 10-sec JAMIC drop tower. The tests were conducted to test engineering versions of advanced flight diagnostics such as an infrared camera for detailed surface temperature measurements and an infrared spectroscopic array for gas-phase species concentrations and temperatures based on detailed spectral emissions in the near infrared. Shown in the top figure is a visible light image and in the bottom figure is an infrared image at 3.8 mm obtained during the microgravity tests. The images show flames burning across cellulose samples against a slow wind of a few centimeters per second (wind is from right to left). These flow velocities are typical of spacecraft ventilation systems that provide fresh air for the astronauts. The samples are ignited across the center with a hot wire, and the flame is allowed to spread upwind and/or downwind. As these images show, the flames prefer to spread upwind, into the fresh air, which is the exact opposite of flames on Earth, which spread much faster downwind, or with the airflow, as in forest fires.

Doctors in space (ships): biomedical uncertainties and medical authority in imagined futures.

PubMed

Henderson, Lesley; Carter, Simon

2016-12-01

There has been considerable interest in images of medicine in popular science fiction and in representations of doctors in television fiction. Surprisingly little attention has been paid to doctors administering space medicine in science fiction. This article redresses this gap. We analyse the evolving figure of 'the doctor' in different popular science fiction television series. Building upon debates within Medical Sociology, Cultural Studies and Media Studies we argue that the figure of 'the doctor' is discursively deployed to act as the moral compass at the centre of the programme narrative. Our analysis highlights that the qualities, norms and ethics represented by doctors in space (ships) are intertwined with issues of gender equality, speciesism and posthuman ethics. We explore the signifying practices and political articulations that are played out through these cultural imaginaries. For example, the ways in which 'the simple country doctor' is deployed to help establish hegemonic formations concerning potentially destabilising technoscientific futures involving alternative sexualities, or military dystopia. Doctors mostly function to provide the ethical point of narrative stability within a world in flux, referencing a nostalgia for the traditional, attentive, humanistic family physician. The science fiction doctor facilitates the personalisation of technological change and thus becomes a useful conduit through which societal fears and anxieties concerning medicine, bioethics and morality in a 'post 9/11' world can be expressed and explored. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Semi-Local DFT Functionals with Exact-Exchange-Like Features: Beyond the AK13

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Armiento, Rickard

The Armiento-Kümmel functional from 2013 (AK13) is a non-empirical semi-local exchange functional on generalized gradient approximation form (GGA) in Kohn-Sham (KS) density functional theory (DFT). Recent works have established that AK13 gives improved electronic-structure exchange features over other semi-local methods, with a qualitatively improved orbital description and band structure. For example, the Kohn-Sham band gap is greatly extended, as it is for exact exchange. This talk outlines recent efforts towards new exchange-correlation functionals based on, and extending, the AK13 design ideas. The aim is to improve the quantitative accuracy, the description of energetics, and to address other issues found with the original formulation. Swedish e-Science Research Centre (SeRC).

A new mathematical solution for predicting char activation reactions

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rafsanjani, H.H.; Jamshidi, E.; Rostam-Abadi, M.

2002-01-01

The differential conservation equations that describe typical gas-solid reactions, such as activation of coal chars, yield a set of coupled second-order partial differential equations. The solution of these coupled equations by exact analytical methods is impossible. In addition, an approximate or exact solution only provides predictions for either reaction- or diffusion-controlling cases. A new mathematical solution, the quantize method (QM), was applied to predict the gasification rates of coal char when both chemical reaction and diffusion through the porous char are present. Carbon conversion rates predicted by the QM were in closer agreement with the experimental data than those predicted by the random pore model and the simple particle model. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Genetic rhetoric: Science, authority, and genes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shea, Elizabeth Parthenia

This dissertation is an analysis of how the cultural authority of genetics works through language. An analysis of the rhetorical construction of knowledge and authority in cultural contexts, the study is intended to contribute to a larger discussion aimed at keeping the intersections of science and culture within the realm of rhetoric, that is within the realm of communication and dialogue. Of special concern is the influence of genetic rhetoric on the cultural momentum of biological determinism to explain away social organization, class inequalities, racial differences, gender differences, and stigmatized behaviors by rooting them in the construct of the biological individual. This study separates questions of legitimacy from questions of authority and focuses on the way that authority of genetics works through language. With authority defined as the function of resisting challenges to legitimacy and/or power, the study consists of three parts. First, a historical analysis of the terms science, genetics, and gene, shows how these words came to refer not only to areas and objects of study but also to sources of epistemological legitimacy outside culture and language. The relationships between these words and their referents are examined in socio-historical context to illustrate how the function of signaling authority was inscribed in the literal definition of these terms. Second, introductory chapters of contemporary Genetics textbooks are examined. In these texts the foundations of legitimacy associated with genetics and science are maintained as the authors articulate idealized views of science and genetics in relation to society. Finally, articles in the popular press reporting on and discussing recent research correlating genetics and homosexuality are examined. The popular press reports of "gay gene" research serve as textual examples of figurative representations of genetics concepts shaping discourse about social issues. I argue that the cultural authority of genetics, as well as the power of science to shape culture, is not necessarily a matter of the persuasiveness of material truths but rather a mobilization of rhetorical figures that are linked to but not literally representing ideas of material truth.

Teaching "Not So Exact" Science: The Controversial Pectineus

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Freedman, Alan D.; Ross, Scott E.; Gayle, Richard C.

2008-01-01

Anatomy scholars agree that the pectineus muscle adducts and flexes the hip joint. While some scholars have reported that the pectineus muscle acts as a lateral rotator, others have reported that this muscle acts a medial rotator. This problem is further complicated because a group of scholars does not specify the pectineus muscle's role in hip…

Using Learning Trajectories for Teacher Learning to Structure Professional Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bargagliotti, Anna E.; Anderson, Celia Rousseau

2017-01-01

As a result of the increased focus on data literacy and data science across the world, there has been a large demand for professional development in statistics. However, exactly how these professional development opportunities should be structured remains an open question. The purpose of this paper is to describe the first iteration of a design…

Advancing dendrochronological studies of fire in the United States

Treesearch

Grant L. Harley; Christopher H. Baisan; Peter M. Brown; Donald A. Falk; William T. Flatley; Henri D. Grissino-Mayer; Amy Hessl; Emily K. Heyerdahl; Margot W. Kaye; Charles W. Lafon; Ellis Q. Margolis; R. Stockton Maxwell; Adam T. Naito; William J. Platt; Monica T. Rother; Thomas Saladyga; Rosemary L. Sherriff; Lauren A. Stachowiak; Michael C. Stambaugh; Elaine Kennedy Sutherland; Alan H. Taylor

2018-01-01

Dendroecology is the science that dates tree rings to their exact calendar year of formation to study processes that influence forest ecology (e.g., Speer 2010 [1], Amoroso et al., 2017 [2]). Reconstruction of past fire regimes is a core application of dendroecology, linking fire history to population dynamics and climate effects on tree growth and survivorship. Since...

Problem Solving and the Use of Math in Physics Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Redish, Edward F.

2006-01-01

Mathematics is an essential element of physics problem solving, but experts often fail to appreciate exactly how they use it. Math may be the language of science, but math-in-physics is a distinct dialect of that language. Physicists tend to blend conceptual physics with mathematical symbolism in a way that profoundly affects the way equations are…

Roma Invicta! Constructing a Roman Apothecary Garden

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Myers, Debbie

2012-01-01

It may be quite daunting to put together a proposal for an award, especially something as prestigious as the Rolls-Royce Science Prize! But this is exactly what the author did as soon as she was appointed head of juniors at La Sagesse School in Newcastle upon Tyne. After a consultation with staff, governors, the school council and the…

Understanding the Co-construction of Inquiry Practices: A Case Study of a Responsive Teaching Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maskiewicz, April C.; Winters, Victoria A.

2012-01-01

We set out to understand how different instantiations of inquiry emerged in two different years of one elementary teacher's classroom. Longitudinal observations from Mrs. Charles' 5th grade science classroom forced us to carefully and deliberately consider who exactly was responsible for the change in the class activities and norms. We provide…

A Missing Deduction of the Clausius Equality and Inequality

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nieto, Rafael; Gonzalez, Celina; Jimenez, Angel; Lopez, Ignacio; Rodriguez, Javier

2011-01-01

The two main statements of the second law of thermodynamics were given by Clausius, and Kelvin and Planck. Other statements followed well into the 20th century. It is known that the two main statements are not exactly equivalent, although their differences may never show outside academic environments or very specific areas of science. At negative…

Anania Shirakatsi Musician

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shakhkulyan, Tatevik

2014-10-01

Anania Shirakatsi's musical works are described and discussed. Though his main works and activities were in the area of exact sciences, but he was also a musician and he has a crucial role in the history of the Armenian music. Anania Shirakatsi's main domain was the religious music, particulary he wrote a number of so-called "Sharakans". He has also studies acoustics.

Analysis of Students Attrition in the Sciences Subjects Areas in Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olusi, F. I.; Akahomen, D. O.; Otete, C. O.

2013-01-01

The study, analysis of student's attrition in Ambrose Alli University (AAU) Ekpoma Nigeria was carried out to determine the exact number of students who attrite from selected faculties of the university. The study employed the descriptive survey design. Three hypotheses were stated and tested. On the hypothesis which tested the general attrition…

Two Decades after: "After the Wake--Postpositivistic Educational Thought"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillips, D. C.

2004-01-01

This essay is an updating of one that was published exactly two decades ago; in the intervening years there has been a revival of interest in positivism as a historical phenomenon in epistemology and philosophy of science (some references to which are given), but there also has been heightened awareness of the various weaknesses of the positivist…

The Prairie Science Class: Pioneering a Trail in Interdisciplinary Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ernst, Julie; Ellis, Dave

2005-01-01

What happens when an old farmstead, native tall-grass prairie, and middle school students are mixed together? Would one guess learning? That is exactly what is happening in Fergus Falls, Minnesota, where students from a rural middle school have joined with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to restore native tallgrass prairie. In the…

TANTRA YUKTI METHOD OF THEORIZATION IN AYURVEDA

PubMed Central

Singh, Anuradha

2003-01-01

Method of theorization (Tantra Yukti-s given in Ayurvedic texts) is analyzed in the backdrop of scientific method. Thirty six methodic devices are singled out from texts for analysis in terms of truth specific, theory specific and discourse specific issues. The paper also points out exact problems in conception of method in Ayurveda and Science. PMID:22557088

The origins and early history of the National Chiropractic Association

PubMed Central

Keating, Joseph C; Rehm, William S

1993-01-01

Early organization in chiropractic was prompted by the profession’s need to promote itself and to defend against the onslaught of political medicine and organized osteopathy. The first priorities were legal defense against prosecution for unlicensed practice and malpractice insurance. The Universal Chiropractors’ Association (UCA), organized at the Palmer School of Chiropractic (PSC) in 1906, sought to meet these needs by insuring its members and by developing a legal department under the supervision of attorney Tom Morris, one time lieutenant governor of Wisconsin. The public relations and marketing needs of chiropractors were largely served by the PSC and its legendary leader. However, as chiropractors increasingly sought to avoid prosecution by passage of chiropractic laws, Palmer’s efforts to direct this legislation so as to limit chiropractors’ scope of practice increasingly alienated many in the profession. The American Chiropractic Association (ACA) was founded in 1922 to provide a broadscope alternative to BJ’s UCA. With Palmer’s departure from the UCA following the neurocalometer debacle, ACA and UCA sought amalgamation. Simultaneously, organized medicine renewed its attack on the profession by introducing basic science legislation, which prompted chiropractors to try to upgrade and standardize chiropractic education. Early efforts to bring about the needed consensus were centered in the International Chiropractic Congress (ICC), particularly its division of state examining boards. In 1930 the ACA and UCA combined to form the National Chiropractic Association (NCA), and by 1934 the ICC had merged with the NCA to form part of its council structure. With this modicum of solidarity the NCA began the process of educational boot-strapping at its 1935 convention in Los Angeles, when its Committee on Education, a forerunner of today’s Council on Chiropractic Education, was proposed by C.O. Watkins of Montana. ImagesFigure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5Figure 6Figure 7Figure 9

Penile representations in ancient Greek art.

PubMed

Rempelakos, L; Tsiamis, C; Poulakou-Rebelakou, E

2013-12-01

The presentation of the cult of phallus in ancient Greece and the artistic appearance of the phenomenon on vase figures and statues, as indicative of the significant role of the male genitalia in all fertility ceremonies. The examination of a great number of penile representations from the ancient Greek pottery and sculpture and the review of the ancient theater plays (satiric dramas and comedies ). Phallus in artistic representation is connected either with gods of fertility, such as the goat-footed and horned Pan or the ugly dwarf Priapus or the semi-animal nailed figures Satyrs, devotees of the god Dionysus accompanying him in all ritual orgiastic celebrations. Phallus also symbolizes good luck, health and sexuality: people bear or wear artificial phalli exactly like the actors as part of their costume or carry huge penises during the festive ritual processions. On the contrary, the Olympic gods or the ordinary mortals are not imaged ithyphallic; the ideal type of male beauty epitomized in classical sculpture, normally depicts genitals of average or less than average size. It is noteworthy that many of these images belong to athletes during or immediately after hard exercise with the penis shrunk. The normal size genitalia may have been simply a convention to distinguish normal people from the gods of sexuality and fertility, protectors of the reproductive process of Nature. The representation of the over-sized and erected genitalia on vase figures or statues of ancient Greek art is related to fertility gods such as Priapus, Pan and Satyrs and there is strong evidence that imagination and legend were replacing the scientific achievements in the field of erectile function for many centuries.

Comparing apples and pears: women's perceptions of their body size and shape.

PubMed

Thoma, Marie E; Hediger, Mary L; Sundaram, Rajeshwari; Stanford, Joseph B; Peterson, C Matthew; Croughan, Mary S; Chen, Zhen; Buck Louis, Germaine M

2012-10-01

Obesity is a growing public health problem among reproductive-aged women, with consequences for chronic disease risk and reproductive and obstetric morbidities. Evidence also suggests that body shape (i.e., regional fat distribution) may be independently associated with risk, yet it is not known if women adequately perceive their shape. This study aimed to assess the validity of self-reported body size and shape figure drawings when compared to anthropometric measures among reproductive-aged women. Self-reported body size was ascertained using the Stunkard nine-level figures and self-reported body shape using stylized pear, hourglass, rectangle, and apple figures. Anthropometry was performed by trained researchers. Body size and body mass index (BMI) were compared using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Fat distribution indicators were compared across body shapes for nonobese and obese women using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher's exact test. Percent agreement and kappa statistics were computed for apple and pear body shapes. The 131 women studied were primarily Caucasian (81%), aged 32 years, with a mean BMI of 27.1 kg/m(2) (range 16.6-52.8 kg/m(2)). The correlation between body size and BMI was 0.85 (p<0.001). Among nonobese women, waist-to-hip ratios (WHR) were 0.75, 0.75, 0.80, and 0.82 for pear, hourglass, rectangle, and apple, respectively (p<0.001). Comparing apples and pears, the percent agreement (kappa) for WHR≥0.80 was 83% (0.55). Self-reported size and shape were consistent with anthropometric measures commonly used to assess obesity and fat distribution, respectively. Self-reported body shape may be a useful proxy measure in addition to body size in large-scale surveys.

Optical solitons and modulation instability analysis with (3 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Shrödinger equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Inc, Mustafa; Aliyu, Aliyu Isa; Yusuf, Abdullahi; Baleanu, Dumitru

2017-12-01

This paper addresses the (3 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Shrödinger equation (NLSE) that serves as the model to study the propagation of optical solitons through nonlinear optical fibers. Two integration schemes are employed to study the equation. These are the complex envelope function ansatz and the solitary wave ansatz with Jaccobi elliptic function methods, we present the exact dark, bright and dark-bright or combined optical solitons to the model. The intensity as well as the nonlinear phase shift of the solitons are reported. The modulation instability aspects are discussed using the concept of linear stability analysis. The MI gain is got. Numerical simulation of the obtained results are analyzed with interesting figures showing the physical meaning of the solutions.

Discordance between net analyte signal theory and practical multivariate calibration.

PubMed

Brown, Christopher D

2004-08-01

Lorber's concept of net analyte signal is reviewed in the context of classical and inverse least-squares approaches to multivariate calibration. It is shown that, in the presence of device measurement error, the classical and inverse calibration procedures have radically different theoretical prediction objectives, and the assertion that the popular inverse least-squares procedures (including partial least squares, principal components regression) approximate Lorber's net analyte signal vector in the limit is disproved. Exact theoretical expressions for the prediction error bias, variance, and mean-squared error are given under general measurement error conditions, which reinforce the very discrepant behavior between these two predictive approaches, and Lorber's net analyte signal theory. Implications for multivariate figures of merit and numerous recently proposed preprocessing treatments involving orthogonal projections are also discussed.

Toward an epistemology of clinical psychoanalysis.

PubMed

Ahumada, J L

1997-01-01

Epistemology emerges from the study of the ways knowledge is gained in the different fields of scientific endeavor. Current polemics on the nature of psychoanalytic knowledge involve counterposed misconceptions of the nature of mind. On one side clinical psychoanalysis is under siege from philosophical "hard science" stalwarts who, upholding as the unitary model of scientific knowledge of Galilean model of science built around the "well-behaved" variables of mechanics and cosmology, argue clinical psychoanalysis does not meet empirical criteria for the validation of its claims. On the other side, its empirical character is renounced by hermeneuticists who, agreeing with "hard science" advocates on what science is, dismiss the animal nature of human beings and hold that clinical psychoanalysis is not an empirical science but a "human" interpretive one. Taking Adolf Grünbaum's critique as its referent, this paper examines how, by ignoring the differences between "exact" and observational science, the "hard science" demand for well-behaved variables misconstrues the nature of events in the realm of mind. Criteria for an epistemology fit for the facts of clinical psychoanalysis as an empirical, observational science of mind are then proposed.

Network Authentication Protocol Studies

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-01

the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS’04), 2004. [86] R . Corin, S. Malladi , J. Alves-Foss, and S. Etalle. Guess...requirement work products Corin03a [Corin03a] R . Corin, S. Malladi , J. Alves-Foss, and S. Etalle. Guess what? Here is a new tool that finds some new guessing...Cryptosystem………………………………………………………………… 7 Figure 3.1: A Bundle……………………………………………………………………….. 43 Figure 5.1: Penetrator strands combining a) F, R strands

Functional network in posttranslational modifications: Glyco-Net in Glycoconjugate Data Bank.

PubMed

Miura, Nobuaki; Okada, Takuya; Murayama, Daisuke; Hirose, Kazuko; Sato, Taku; Hashimoto, Ryo; Fukushima, Nobuhiro

2015-01-01

Elucidating pathways related to posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as glycosylation is of growing importance in post-genome science and technology. Graphical networks describing the relationships among glycan-related molecules, including genes, proteins, lipids, and various biological events, are considered extremely valuable and convenient tools for the systematic investigation of PTMs. Glyco-Net (http://bibi.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/functions/) can dynamically make network figures among various biological molecules and biological events. A certain molecule or event is expressed with a node, and the relationship between the molecule and the event is indicated by arrows in the network figures. In this chapter, we mention the features and current status of the Glyco-Net and a simple example of the search with the Glyco-Net.

Improved sample manipulation at the STRESS-SPEC neutron diffractometer using an industrial 6-axis robot for texture and strain analyses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Randau, C.; Brokmeier, H. G.; Gan, W. M.; Hofmann, M.; Voeller, M.; Tekouo, W.; Al-hamdany, N.; Seidl, G.; Schreyer, A.

2015-09-01

The materials science neutron diffractometer STRESS-SPEC located at FRM II is a dedicated instrument for strain and pole figure measurements. Both methods make complementary demands on sample handling. On one hand pole figure measurements need a high degree of freedom to orient small samples and on the other hand in strain investigations it is often necessary to handle large and heavy components. Therefore a robot based sample positioning system was developed, which has the capability to provide both possibilities. Based on this new robot system further developments like a full automated sample changer system for texture measurements were accomplished. Moreover this system opens the door for combined strain and texture analysis at STRESS-SPEC.

An Introduction to Galaxies and Cosmology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, Mark H.; Lambourne, Robert J. A.; Serjeant, Stephen

2015-01-01

Introduction; 1. The Milky Way - our galaxy; 2. Normal galaxies; 3. Active galaxies; 4. The spatial distribution of galaxies; 5. Introducing cosmology - the science of the Universe; 6. Big bang cosmology - the evolving Universe; 7. Observational cosmology - measuring the Universe; 8. Questioning cosmology - outstanding problems about the Universe; Answers and comments; Appendix; Glossary; Further reading; Acknowledgements; Figure references; Index.

Sol-Gel Processing Science Using a Sol-Gel Optics Research Facility (SGORF)

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-10

Malaysia , Hong-Kong) where labor rates are perhaps one-tenth those of the U.S.. Figure 1 presents the trends of imports and exports of all optical... ACerS Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, May 1972. 2. W. A. Plummer, "Differential Dilatometry--A Powerful Tool," Corning Gla 33 Works, Corning, NY 14830

Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Chemically Modified Surfaces.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-08-01

Science.4 In that I 2 paper he told of the accidental discovery of the optoacoustic effect in solids. He observed that a rapidly modulated beam of...0L - -LJ Lii Lnf cobr 0D CDV 214 Figure 17. Photoacoustic spectrum of (I) Co 304 ground with y-alumina and (II) CoO-enhanced cobalt oxide ground with y

Identification and Characterization of MYC Regulatory Elements: Links to Prostate Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

their consultation and support. The uro - genital apparatus and mammary gland cartoons in Figure 1, B and D, were kindly drawn by John Westlund. This...pathway. Science 281: 1509-1512. Heintzman ND, Stuart RK, Hon G, Fu Y, Ching CW, Hawkins RD, Barrera LO , Van Calcar S, Qu C, Ching KA et al. 2007

12 Scientists Will Share $120-Million from Saudis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guterman, Lila

2008-01-01

This spring 12 scientists found themselves in an unusual position--they have to figure out how to spend $2-million every year for the next five years. The money adds up to $10-million per researcher. In May the researchers made a pilgrimage to the source of the generous grants: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, a graduate…

Tracking Self into Place

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Piersol, Laura

2010-01-01

In an effort to figure out what it means to educate "ecologically," I decided to track down some of the stories that I was living, telling and making as an educator. I ended up lost in the house of environmental education, stuck within the rooms of ecological science and political advocacy. Outside on the lawn sat the story of place…

Publisher Correction: Resistance to nonribosomal peptide antibiotics mediated by D-stereospecific peptidases.

PubMed

Li, Yong-Xin; Zhong, Zheng; Hou, Peng; Zhang, Wei-Peng; Qian, Pei-Yuan

2018-03-07

In the version of this article originally published, the links and files for the Supplementary Information, including Supplementary Tables 1-5, Supplementary Figures 1-25, Supplementary Note, Supplementary Datasets 1-4 and the Life Sciences Reporting Summary, were missing in the HTML. The error has been corrected in the HTML version of this article.

Science 102: This Month's Task

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robertson, Bill

2015-01-01

This task asks readers to figure out why when you stir a cup of hot liquid and tap on the side of the cup with a spoon, the pitch of sound starts low and ends up high. The solution to last month's tasks relating to the circumference of the Earth and how many stars are in the (visible) sky is also presented.

Embedding Language Support in Developmental Mathematics Lessons: Exploring the Value of Design as Professional Development for Community College Mathematics Instructors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gomez, Kimberley; Gomez, Louis M.; Rodela, Katherine C.; Horton, Emily S.; Cunningham, Jahneille; Ambrocio, Rocio

2015-01-01

Three community college faculty members used improvement science techniques to design, develop, and refine contextualized developmental mathematics lessons, where language and literacy pedagogy and related supports figured prominently in these instructional materials. This article reports on the role that their design experiences played in…

Recurrent Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes: A Morphemic Approach to Disciplinary Literacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mountain, Lee

2015-01-01

Students in a content-area reading course examined the vocabulary of each of their disciplines, focusing on recurrent roots and affixes. They wanted to become teachers of math, science, English, music, and history; therefore, they needed to learn discipline-specific morphemes so they could help their future students figure out new words in their…

Figures, Facts, & Fables: Telling Tales in Science and Math.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lipke, Barbara

Storytelling is one of the oldest and most powerful teaching and learning methods known. It is the way human beings have communicated information since before written language. In many cultures the storyteller was a wise man or shaman who was responsible for making sure every young person learned the community's knowledge. The storyteller was the…

Moser_NTT_52:2015

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

data supporting manuscript figuresThis dataset is associated with the following publication:Moser , V.C., P. Phillips , J. Hedge , and K. Mcdaniel. Neurotoxicological and thyroid evaluations of rats developmentally exposed to tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDICPP) and tris(2-chloro-2-ethyl)phosphate(TCEP). NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 52: 236-247, (2015).

Long-Term Preservation of Digital Information in China: Some Problems and Solutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Jiazhen; Du, Peng

2009-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper to describe the research work on the long-term preservation of Chinese digital information funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) since 2001. Design/methodology/approach: The paper provides an overview, in text and figures, of ways in which e-documents originating in China, in now obsolete…

The Potential da Vinci in All of Us

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Petto, Sarah; Petto, Andrew

2009-01-01

The study of the human form is fundamental to both science and art curricula. For vertebrates, perhaps no feature is more important than the skeleton to determine observable form and function. As Leonard da Vinci's famous Proportions of the Human Figure (Virtruvian Man) illustrates, the size, shape, and proportions of the human body are defined by…

429th Brookhaven Lecture

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Robert P. Crease

2007-10-31

Robert P. Crease, historian for Brookhaven National Laboratory and Chair of the Philosophy Department at Stony Brook University, presents "How Big Science Came to Long Island: The Birth of Brookhaven Lab," covering the founding of the Laboratory, the key figures involved in starting BNL, and the many problems that had to be overcome in creating and designing its first big machines.

JPRS Report, Science & Technology, China, 16th International Congress of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing -- Vol. 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-26

introduction, review and prospects." AUTOCARTO 8 pp 510-519. [VOY 10] VOYER: " Moteurs de systemes experts." Eyrolles editions 61, Bd. St.-Germain 75005...each knowlege Output of Extrated Results Oceanic Conditions Extraction Meta -Rule Base Figure 3. General Flow Chart of the System 207

Physiological Investigation of Localized Temperature Effects on Vigilance Performance

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-27

Department of Systems Engineering Graduate School of Engineering and Management Air Force Institute of Technology Air University Air Education and...Training Command In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Systems Engineering Justine D. Jeroski, BS...electrodes (right). ...................................................... 14 Figure A 3. BIOPAC © hardware system showing placement of ECG

A Simple Demonstration for Estimating the Persistence of Vision

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MacInnes, Iain; Smith, Stuart

2010-01-01

In the "The Science Study Series" book "The Physics of Television", it is stated that persistence of vision lasts for about a tenth of a second. This will be a notional figure just as 25 cm is taken to be the least distance of distinct vision. Estimates range from 1/8 to 1/16 s.

Science Plan U.S. Geological Survey Florida District

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-01-01

coastline of the United States during a particularly active period of hurricane activity in 1998. endocrine disruptors , are beginning to receive...reconnaissance sampling for emergent contaminants (pharmaceuticals, pesticides, endocrine disruptor compounds) to develop additional projects. Figure 31...pathogens, and endocrine disruptor compounds. (Issue 4) • Evaluation of new instrumentation for specific applications in Florida, such as

429th Brookhaven Lecture

ScienceCinema

Robert P. Crease

2017-12-09

Robert P. Crease, historian for Brookhaven National Laboratory and Chair of the Philosophy Department at Stony Brook University, presents "How Big Science Came to Long Island: The Birth of Brookhaven Lab," covering the founding of the Laboratory, the key figures involved in starting BNL, and the many problems that had to be overcome in creating and designing its first big machines.

Anthropomorphically Speaking: On Communication between Teachers and Children in Early Childhood Biology Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thulin, Susanne; Pramling, Niklas

2009-01-01

In this study a particular kind of figurative language, so-called anthropomorphic speech, is analysed in the context of science activities in a preschool setting. Anthropomorphism means speaking about something non-human in human terms. Can any systematic pattern be seen with regard to when such speech is used? Do children and/or teachers…

Hubble 2007: Science Year in Review

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2008-01-01

This book epitomizes Hubbles continuing years of glorious accomplishments, presenting a sample of the activities, operations and observations, and scientific findings from 2007. Here is our observatory. Here are a few of our talented people. Here is what we have done. NASA plans a final servicing mission to Hubble in 2008. Two powerful new instruments are to be installed, and repairs made. After the astronauts do their wonderful work, Hubble will be more capable than at any time since launch. The science community eagerly anticipates the new opportunities for research offered by a refurbished observatory. While we do not know exactly what new science stories will appear in future editions of this book, we are certain that the frontiers of science will continue to be pushed outward by the forces of human curiosity and cleverness, channeled by the Hubble Space Telescope.

PREFACE: The 15th International Conference on X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS15)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Z. Y.

2013-04-01

The 15th International Conference on X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS15) was held on 22-28 July 2012 in Beijing, P. R. China. About 340 scientists from 34 countries attended this important international event. Main hall Figure 1. Main hall of XAFS15. The rapidly increasing application of XAFS to the study of a large variety of materials and the operation of the new SR source led to the first meeting of XAFS users in 1981 in England. Following that a further 14 International Conferences have been held. Comparing a breakdown of attendees according to their national origin, it is clear that participation is spreading to include attendees from more and more countries every year. The strategy of development in China of science and education is increasing quickly thanks to the large investment in scientific and technological research and infrastructure. There are three Synchrotron Radiation facilities in mainland China, Hefei Light Source (HLS) in the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSRL), Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF) in the Institute of High Energy Physics, and Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) in the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics. More than 10000 users and over 5000 proposals run at these facilities. Among them, many teams from the USA, Japan, German, Italy, Russia, and other countries. More than 3000 manuscript were published in SCI journals, including (incomplete) Science (7), Nature (10), Nature Series (7), PNAS (3), JACS (12), Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. (15), Nano Lett. (2), etc. In XAFS15, the participants contributed 18 plenary invited talks, 16 parallel invited talks, 136 oral presentations, 12 special talks, and 219 poster presentations. Wide communication was promoted in the conference halls, the classical banquet restaurant, and the Great Wall. Parallel hallCommunicationPoster room Figure 2. Parallel hallFigure 3. CommunicationFigure 4. Poster room This volume contains 136 invited and contributed papers, accepted after a rigorous peer review procedure. A group of about 90 outstanding scientists in the field reviewed and suggested revisions of the manuscripts to improve scientific presentation. As a result, we believe the entire volume has reached a high standard. The 19 topics covered are listed as follows: Theory Data analysis New technology and devices of XAFS Applications in Nano science and technology Applications in Life Science Applications in Chemistry Applications in Catalytic Science Applications in Surface and Interface Science Applications in Material Science Applications in Energy and Environmental Science Applications in Magnetic and Related Material Science Applications in Nuclear Science Applications in Disordered Systems Applications in Extreme Conditions Applications for Time-resolved experiments XMCD technology and its applications Advanced methods (e.g., new coherent sources and spectroscopic imaging techniques) XAFS combined with other experimental methods Other related studies We hope this volume will be a useful reference for the ongoing scientific activity in XAFS. We would also like to express our sincere appreciation to the sponsors for their generous support: Chinese Academy of Science, National Natural Science Foundation of China, China Center of Advanced Science and Technology World Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, and our commercial sponsors (AREVA, Xi'an Action Power Electric Co., Ltd). Finally, we would like to acknowledge the entire local organizing staff (names are given below) and particularly the collaborators and members of the XAS group at the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences for their efforts to make the XAFS15 conference a success. Ziyu Wu Chair of the Conference and Proceedings Editor Hefei, P. R. China, 28 September 2012 Committees and Staff Chair of the Conference Ziyu Wu International Advisory Committee Adam Hitchcock, Canada Adriano Filipponi, Italy Alain Manceau, France Alexander Soldatov, Russia Andrea Di Cicco, Italy Britt Hedman, USA Bruce Bunker, USA Calogero R. Natoli, Italy Christopher T. Chantler, Australia Frank M. F. De Groot, Netherlands Hiroyuki Oyanagi, Japan Ingolf Lindau, USA J. Mustre de Leon, México James E Penner-Hahn, USA Joaquin Garcia Ruiz, Spain John Evans, UK John J. Rehr, USA Kiyotaka Asakura, Japan Majed Chergui, Switzerland Mark Newton, UK Shiqiang Wei, P. R. China Tsun-Kong Sham, Canada Ziyu Wu, P. R. China International Program Committee Antonio Bianconi, Italy Augusto Marcelli, Italy Emad Flear Aziz, Germany Jinghua Guo, USA Joly Yves, France Masaharu Nomura, Japan Maurizio Benfatto, Italy Pieter Glatzel, France Shiqiang Wei, China Tiandou Hu, China Toshihiko Yokoyama, Japan Way-Faung Pong, Taiwan Xinyi Zhang, China Yi Xie, China Yuying Huang, China Zhonghua Wu, China Ziyu Wu, China Local Organizing Committee Bo He Fengchun Hu Haifeng Zhao Jing Zhang Meijuan Yu Qin Yu Shuo Zhang Wangsheng Chu Wei He Wei Xu Wensheng Yan Xiaomei Gong Xing Chen Yang Zou Yi Xia Zheng Jiang Zhi Xie Zhihu Sun Zhiyun Pan Additional Staff Chengxun Liu

Sherlock Holmes: scientific detective.

PubMed

Snyder, Laura J

2004-09-01

Sherlock Holmes was intended by his creator, Arthur Conan Doyle, to be a 'scientific detective'. Conan Doyle criticized his predecessor Edgar Allan Poe for giving his creation - Inspector Dupin - only the 'illusion' of scientific method. Conan Doyle believed that he had succeeded where Poe had failed; thus, he has Watson remark that Holmes has 'brought detection as near an exact science as it will ever be brought into the world.' By examining Holmes' methods, it becomes clear that Conan Doyle modelled them on certain images of science that were popular in mid- to late-19th century Britain. Contrary to a common view, it is also evident that rather than being responsible for the invention of forensic science, the creation of Holmes was influenced by the early development of it.

Science in Motion: Isolated Araneiform Topography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2007-01-01

[figure removed for brevity, see original site] Figure 1

Have you ever found that to describe something you had to go to the dictionary and search for just the right word?

The south polar terrain is so full of unearthly features that we had to visit Mr. Webster to find a suitable term. 'Araneiform' means 'spider-like'. These are channels that are carved in the surface by carbon dioxide gas. We do not have this process on Earth.

The channels are somewhat radially organized (figure 1) and widen and deepen as they converge. In the past we've just refered to them as 'spiders.' 'Isolated araneiform topography' means that our features look like spiders that are not in contact with each other.

Observation Geometry Image PSP_003087_0930 was taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft on 24-Mar-2007. The complete image is centered at -87.1 degrees latitude, 126.3 degrees East longitude. The range to the target site was 244.4 km (152.8 miles). At this distance the image scale is 24.5 cm/pixel (with 1 x 1 binning) so objects 73 cm across are resolved. The image shown here has been map-projected to 25 cm/pixel . The image was taken at a local Mars time of 08:22 PM and the scene is illuminated from the west with a solar incidence angle of 81 degrees, thus the sun was about 9 degrees above the horizon. At a solar longitude of 206.4 degrees, the season on Mars is Northern Autumn.

USSR Space Life Sciences Digest, issue 28

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stone, Lydia Razran (Editor); Teeter, Ronald (Editor); Rowe, Joseph (Editor)

1990-01-01

This is the twenty-eighth issue of NASA's Space Life Sciences Digest. It contains abstracts of 60 journal papers or book chapters published in Russian and of 3 Soviet monographs. Selected abstracts are illustrated with figures and tables from the original. The abstracts in this issue have been identified as relevant to 20 areas of space biology and medicine. These areas include: adaptation, aviation medicine, botany, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, developmental biology, endocrinology, enzymology, equipment and instrumentation, hematology, human performance, immunology, life support systems, mathematical modeling, musculoskeletal system, neurophysiology, personnel selection, psychology, radiobiology, reproductive system, and space medicine.

USSR Space Life Sciences Digest, issue 30

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stone, Lydia Razran (Editor); Teeter, Ronald (Editor); Rowe, Joseph (Editor)

1991-01-01

This is the thirtieth issue of NASA's Space Life Sciences Digest. It contains abstracts of 47 journal papers or book chapters published in Russian and of three Soviet monographs. Selected abstracts are illustrated with figures and tables from the original. The abstracts in this issue have been identified as relevant to 20 areas of space biology and medicine. These areas include: adaptation, biospheric research, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, endocrinology, equipment and instrumentation, gastrointestinal system, group dynamics, habitability and environmental effects, hematology, human performance, immunology, life support systems, mathematical modeling, metabolism, musculoskeletal system, neurophysiology, nutrition, psychology, radiobiology, and space biology and medicine.

USSR Space Life Sciences Digest, issue 31

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hooke, Lydia Razran (Editor); Teeter, Ronald (Editor); Garshnek, Victoria (Editor); Rowe, Joseph (Editor)

1990-01-01

This is the thirty first issue of NASA's Space Life Sciences Digest. It contains abstracts of 55 journal papers or book chapters published in Russian and of 5 Soviet monographs. Selected abstracts are illustrated with figures and tables from the original. The abstracts in this issue have been identified as relevant to 18 areas of space biology and medicine. These areas include: adaptation, biological rhythms, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, endocrinology, enzymology, genetics, group dynamics, habitability and environmental effects, hematology, life support systems, metabolism, microbiology, musculoskeletal system, neurophysiology, nutrition, operational medicine, psychology, radiobiology, and space biology and medicine.

Mars Network: Strategies for Deploying Enabling Telecommunications Capabilities in Support of Mars Exploration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Edwards, C. D.; Adams, J. T.; Agre, J. R.; Bell, D. J.; Clare, L. P.; Durning, J. F.; Ely, T. A.; Hemmati, H.; Leung, R. Y.; McGraw, C. A.

2000-01-01

The coming decade of Mars exploration will involve a diverse set of robotic science missions, including in situ and sample return investigations, and ultimately moving towards sustained robotic presence on the Martian surface. In supporting this mission set, NASA must establish a robust telecommunications architecture that meets the specific science needs of near-term missions while enabling new methods of future exploration. This paper will assess the anticipated telecommunications needs of future Mars exploration, examine specific options for deploying capabilities, and quantify the performance of these options in terms of key figures of merit.

Exact nonparametric confidence bands for the survivor function.

PubMed

Matthews, David

2013-10-12

A method to produce exact simultaneous confidence bands for the empirical cumulative distribution function that was first described by Owen, and subsequently corrected by Jager and Wellner, is the starting point for deriving exact nonparametric confidence bands for the survivor function of any positive random variable. We invert a nonparametric likelihood test of uniformity, constructed from the Kaplan-Meier estimator of the survivor function, to obtain simultaneous lower and upper bands for the function of interest with specified global confidence level. The method involves calculating a null distribution and associated critical value for each observed sample configuration. However, Noe recursions and the Van Wijngaarden-Decker-Brent root-finding algorithm provide the necessary tools for efficient computation of these exact bounds. Various aspects of the effect of right censoring on these exact bands are investigated, using as illustrations two observational studies of survival experience among non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and a much larger group of subjects with advanced lung cancer enrolled in trials within the North Central Cancer Treatment Group. Monte Carlo simulations confirm the merits of the proposed method of deriving simultaneous interval estimates of the survivor function across the entire range of the observed sample. This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. It was begun while the author was visiting the Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, and completed during a subsequent sojourn at the Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit in Cambridge. The support of both institutions, in addition to that of NSERC and the University of Waterloo, is greatly appreciated.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: LMC OGLE-III Shallow Survey variable stars (Ulaczyk+, 2013)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ulaczyk, K.; Szymanski, M. K.; Udalski, A.; Kubiak, M.; Pietrzynski, G.; Soszynski, I.; Wyrzykowski, L.; Poleski, R.; Gieren, W.; Walker, A. R.; Garcia-Varela, A.

2017-07-01

Photometric data were collected using the 1.3-m Warsaw Telescope located at Las Campanas Observatory, operated by the Carnegie Institution for Science. We used exactly the same photometric system as in the OGLE-III main survey. Detailed information about whole instrumentation can be found in Udalski (2003AcA....53..291U). (5 data files).

Critique of "Where Does Creativity Fit into a Productivist Industrial Model of Knowledge Production?"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Carole Ruth

2010-01-01

This article presents the author's comments on Hisham Ghassib's article entitled "Where Does Creativity Fit into a Productivist Industrial Model of Knowledge Production?" In his article, Ghassib (2010) provides an overview of the philosophical foundations that led to exact science, its role in what was later to become a driving force in the modern…

"Just Be Quiet and Listen to Exactly What He's Saying": Conceptualising Power Relations in Inquiry-Oriented Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Donnelly, Dermot Francis; McGarr, Oliver; O'Reilly, John

2014-01-01

Interest in inquiry-based science education (IBSE) often pays little heed to the complex power relations that exist within classrooms. A common obstacle to inquiry is that it strongly diverges from current classroom culture and hence, is outside the sphere of teachers' and students' experiences. Teachers and students bring expectations to the…

Still Battling the Surf: Teaching English after 100 Years

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goering, Christian Z.

2012-01-01

In this article, the author reflects on on his role in preparing English teachers. Leading into his twelfth year concerned with the art and science of teaching English, he wondered what exactly he could say or do to help them stick their toes in some uncertain waters. What could he say of an educational context bent on holding people--different by…

Translating Scientific Conclusions about Risk for Public Audiences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bowman, T. E.

2009-12-01

Climate change has been aptly described as a problem of risk management, yet the scientific community has not been successful in helping the public engage in risk management effectively. Behavioral science studies demonstrate that, while the public generally accepts the reality of anthropogenic climate change today, the immanence of impacts and scale of risk and opportunities for effective mitigation are poorly understood. Helping the public overcome these misperceptions and engage in decision-making about climate risks is, perhaps, the climate communication community’s most urgent priority. Scientific writing and graphic conventions are poorly suited for communicating with non-scientists. Using examples from the IPCC 4th Assessment, this session will demonstrate how specific conventions in science writing and graph making have obscured critical information about climate risks. The session will further demonstrate how reformatting the graphical information can create an exceptionally clear picture of where humanity stands and the implications of various emissions pathways for the future. Attendees will appreciate how presentations of science results can be tailored to answer the public’s questions more effectively by highlighting useful information in accurate, yet accessible ways. Decision-makers and the public urgently need information about climate impact risks and the consequences of various emissions pathways. Yet written and graphic descriptions from the IPCC and other assessment agencies burden non-scientists with multiple temperature baselines (e.g., pre-Industrial, mid-20th century, late 20th century, today), two confusingly similar measures for the key human contribution to atmospheric composition (CO2 and CO2-eq), and multiple ways of describing probability and certainty. The public is further confounded by inconsistent graphic conventions in scientific figures, including inconsistent color-coding, labeling, axis orientation, and treatment of uncertainty. Scientific figures tend to either include too many different messages or over-generalize, and neither approach helps non-scientists identify useful metrics and apply them to decision-making. This session will briefly illustrate each of these problematic scientific conventions and present a more effective translation of key IPCC figures in a new graphic format that help non-scientists appreciate our situation and opportunities. This translation has received positive reviews from informal learning institutions and will be useful to the broader science communication community.

[Psychophysical parallelism. On a discursive figure in the field of scientific changes in the late 19th century].

PubMed

Wegener, Mai

2009-01-01

The article traces the rise and fall of "psychophysical parallelism" - which was the most advanced scientific formulation of the mind / body relationship in the second half of the 19th century - through an interdisciplinary and broad geographical spectrum. It sheds light on the extremely different positions that rallied round this discursive figure, ranging from Fechner, Hering, Mach, Wundt, Bain, Hughlings Jackson, and Taine to Freud and Saussure. The article develops the thesis that the psychophysical parallelism functioned as a 'hot zone' within and a symptom of the changes in the order of sciences at that time. Against that background, the criticism of the psychophysical parallelism which became prominent around 1900 (Stumpf, Busse, Bergson, Mauthner et. al.) indicates the cooling of this 'hot zone' and the establishment of a new order within the scientific disciplines. The article pays particular attention to the position of this figure in contemporaneous language theories. Its basic assumption is that the relationship between the body and the psyche is itself constituted by language.

Enhancement of figural creativity by motor activation: effects of unilateral hand contractions on creativity are moderated by positive schizotypy.

PubMed

Rominger, Christian; Papousek, Ilona; Fink, Andreas; Weiss, Elisabeth M

2014-01-01

Creativity is an important trait necessary to achieve innovations in science, economy, arts and daily life. Therefore, the enhancement of creative performance is a significant field of investigation. A recent experiment showed enhanced verbal creativity after unilateral left-hand contractions, which was attributed to elevated activation of the right hemisphere. The present study aimed to extend these findings to the domain of figural creativity. Furthermore, as creativity and positive schizotypy may share some neurobiological underpinnings associated with the right hemisphere, we studied the potential moderating effect of positive schizotypy on the effects of the experimental modification of relative hemispheric activation on creativity. In a gender-balanced sample (20 men and 20 women), squeezing a hand gripper with the left hand enhanced figural creativity on the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking compared to squeezing the gripper with the right hand. However, this was only true when positive schizotypy was low. The moderating effect of schizotypy may be produced by relatively greater activity of certain parts of the right hemisphere being a shared neuronal correlate of creativity and positive schizotypy.

MPF Top-Mast Measured Temperature

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-10-14

This temperature figure shows the change in the mean and variance of the temperature fluctuations at the Pathfinder landing site. Sol 79 and 80 are very similar, with a significant reduction of the mean and variance on Sol 81. The science team suspects that a cold front has past of the landing sight between Sols 80 and 81. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00978

CRIS Cyber Range Lexicon Version 1.0

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-30

Zachary Weber (MIT Lincoln Laboratory) Mr. Mike Wee (Cyber Test & Evaluation (T&E) Support Cell, TRMC/ Northrop Grumman ) Dr. David “Fuzzy” Wells (USPACOM) Mr. Bennett Wilson (NAVSEA GOV – CDSA, Damneck) ...11 Figure 4: Planes and Teams...the CRIS WG include, but are not limited to, Science & Technology (S&T) experimentation , Developmental and Operational Test and Evaluation (DT&E, OT

NAVO MSRC Navigator. Spring 2008

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

EINSTEIN and DAVINCI Come to the MSRC The Porthole 19 Visitors to the Naval Oceanographic Office Major Shared Resource Center Navigator Tools and...traditionally considered one of the leading track guidance tools for forecasters. As an example, we consider the case of Hurricane Figure 2. The...MSRC NAVIGATOR EINSTEIN and DAVINCI Come to the MSRC Christine Cuicchi, Computational Science and Applications Lead, NAVO MSRC The Technology

Change in Ice Thaw Dates for Selected U.S. Lakes, 1905-2015

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This figure shows the change in the ice-off date, or date of ice thawing and breakup, for 14 U.S. lakes during the period from 1905 to 2015. All of the lakes have red circles with negative numbers, which represent earlier thaw dates. Larger circles indicate larger changes. For more information: www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/indicators

The brain is not a tool.

PubMed

Gaete, Alfredo; Cornejo, Carlos

2014-03-01

Some psychologists claim that the brain is a tool. This claim can be construed either literally or figuratively. We argue that, in the former case, it is false, whereas in the latter case it has no place in scientific psychology. We also try to show why this discussion is relevant and suggest how a metaphor should behave to be of use in science.

The Crystal Structure of Illite/Smectite.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-04-04

summarized from Tellier and Reynolds (1987). Figure 3 shows a comparison between experimental and calculated diffraction patterns for the ethylene glycol...PUBLICATIONS Tellier . K. and Reynolds, R. C. (1987) Calculation of one-dimensional X-ray diffraction profiles of interstratified illite/smectite as...Abst.) 24th Annual fMeet Clay Min. Soc., Socorro, N. M., p. 115 PARTICIPATING SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL Kathleen Tellier : Dept. of Earth Sciences

Consensus Theory in Expert Systems: An Adaptive Inference Framework and Application to Image Understanding

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-01

argument schema based on the one devel- oped by Toulmin et al. (1984). In Toulmin’s schema (Figure 4-2), a claim, or 3 conclusion whose merits we are seeking...probability judgment. Cognitive Science, 1985, 9, 309-339. Toulmin , S., Rieke, R., and Janik, A. An introduction to reasoning (2nd Edition). NY

Land Use Practices for Sustainable and Healthy Communities: Linking Environmental, Health and Social Sciences to Improve Decisions

EPA Science Inventory

Land has figured prominently in the history of environmental protection in the United States and in the history of the U.S. EPA. In 1970, the EPA was founded “to protect human health and the environment. . .by safeguarding the air we breathe, water we drink, and land on which we ...

Nonhumans Unbound: Actor-Network Theory and the Reconsideration of "Things" in Educational Foundations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waltz, Scott B.

2006-01-01

The aim of this paper is to call attention to the missing discourse of non-humans as social actors in the Social Foundations of Education. The paper outlines three common figuring metaphors that impede the adoption of such a theoretical discourse and shows how Actor-Network Theory (ANT), more recently developed in the nascent field of Science and…

JPRS Report, Science & Technology USSR: Chemistry.

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-07-26

difluoride, bromine trifluoride , or chlorine trifluoride all had oxygen contents not exceeding 3 x 10ŗ percent by weight. Laser ultramicroscopy...concentration values. Using chlorine trifluoride was found to result in strong scat- tering of radiation on particles of submicronic size. Figures 2...Catalysts and Catalytic Combustion Reactions. VII. A Study of the Change in the Nature of Contacts Between Primary Particles in Aluminum Hydroxides

Why Don't Young People Want to become Engineers? Rational Reasons for Disappointing Decisions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Becker, Frank Stefan

2010-01-01

The quest for engineers during the past boom and predictions of future shortages have focused attention on the low enrolment figures in science and technology (S&T) subjects. Normally, it is assumed that young people shy away from "tough majors" or make irrational choices, based on an absence of information. While not denying the…

The Moons of Jupiter / Journey to the Stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Litwak, J.; Chatzichristou, E.

2017-09-01

The Moons of Jupiter/ Journey to the Stars uses the arts, most particularly theatre arts to inspire curiosity about science education. Using characters which include famous scientists as well as mythological figures, the project provokes thought and offers opportunity for discovery. The play and the subsequent creative teaching tools are accessible to scientists, artists and lay people in an out of the classroom.

Re-Discovering Mendel: The Case of Carl Correns

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rheinberger, Hans-Jörg

2015-01-01

Carl Erich Correns (1864-1933) is remembered in the annals of science as one of the three botanists who re-discovered Mendel's laws. He can also, however, be regarded as one of the founding figures of classical genetics in Germany. Between 1894 and 1899 he carried out the crossing experiments with corn and peas that led to the re-statement of…

Virology Experts in the Boundary Zone Between Science, Policy and the Public: A Biographical Analysis

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

This article aims to open up the biographical black box of three experts working in the boundary zone between science, policy and public debate. A biographical-narrative approach is used to analyse the roles played by the virologists Albert Osterhaus, Roel Coutinho and Jaap Goudsmit in policy and public debate. These figures were among the few leading virologists visibly active in the Netherlands during the revival of infectious diseases in the 1980s. Osterhaus and Coutinho in particular are still the key figures today, as demonstrated during the outbreak of novel influenza A (H1N1). This article studies the various political and communicative challenges and dilemmas encountered by these three virologists, and discusses the way in which, strategically or not, they handled those challenges and dilemmas during the various stages of the field’s recent history. Important in this respect is their pursuit of a public role that is both effective and credible. We will conclude with a reflection on the H1N1 pandemic, and the historical and biographical ties between emerging governance arrangements and the experts involved in the development of such arrangements. PMID:20676213

Selected options supporting use of the group embedded figures test in modeling achievement in clinical laboratory science programs.

PubMed

Powell, M E

1995-01-01

To identify, in light of predicted future shortages of allied-health personnel, student and curricular characteristics of clinical laboratory science (CLS) programs relevant to recruitment and retention at the baccalaureate level. Not applicable. Not applicable. Options for modeling achievement in CLS programs are developed, and designs and procedures for clarifying procedural questions are considered in a context of delivery of instruction for specialized curricula and skill development. Considerable attention is given to the potential for using the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) in modeling, advising, designing curricula, and monitoring quality improvement of programs and graduates. Not applicable. Supporting evidence is supplied from the literature for options in developing an appropriate model for examining those salient variables known to have linkages to achievement. An argument is presented for better understanding of antecedent variables affecting achievement and retention of CLS students. In addition, a case is made for development of an appropriate model examining variables identified in the literature as being linked to achievement. Dynamic models based on these considerations should be developed chronologically from entry through graduation with emphasis on growth at year-end milestones.