26 CFR 1.6664-4T - Reasonable cause and good faith exception to section 6662 penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 13 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Reasonable cause and good faith exception to..., Additional Amounts, and Assessable Penalties § 1.6664-4T Reasonable cause and good faith exception to section... section 482 transfer price adjustments. For purposes of applying the reasonable cause and good faith...

26 CFR 1.6664-4 - Reasonable cause and good faith exception to section 6662 penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 13 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Reasonable cause and good faith exception to..., Additional Amounts, and Assessable Penalties § 1.6664-4 Reasonable cause and good faith exception to section... taxpayer acted in good faith with respect to, such portion. Rules for determining whether the reasonable...

26 CFR 1.6664-4T - Reasonable cause and good faith exception to section 6662 penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 13 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Reasonable cause and good faith exception to..., Additional Amounts, and Assessable Penalties § 1.6664-4T Reasonable cause and good faith exception to section... section 482 transfer price adjustments. For purposes of applying the reasonable cause and good faith...

26 CFR 1.6664-4T - Reasonable cause and good faith exception to section 6662 penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 13 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Reasonable cause and good faith exception to..., Additional Amounts, and Assessable Penalties § 1.6664-4T Reasonable cause and good faith exception to section... section 482 transfer price adjustments. For purposes of applying the reasonable cause and good faith...

26 CFR 1.6664-4 - Reasonable cause and good faith exception to section 6662 penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 13 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Reasonable cause and good faith exception to..., Additional Amounts, and Assessable Penalties § 1.6664-4 Reasonable cause and good faith exception to section... taxpayer acted in good faith with respect to, such portion. Rules for determining whether the reasonable...

26 CFR 1.6664-4T - Reasonable cause and good faith exception to section 6662 penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 13 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Reasonable cause and good faith exception to..., Additional Amounts, and Assessable Penalties § 1.6664-4T Reasonable cause and good faith exception to section... section 482 transfer price adjustments. For purposes of applying the reasonable cause and good faith...

26 CFR 1.6664-4 - Reasonable cause and good faith exception to section 6662 penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 13 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Reasonable cause and good faith exception to..., Additional Amounts, and Assessable Penalties § 1.6664-4 Reasonable cause and good faith exception to section... taxpayer acted in good faith with respect to, such portion. Rules for determining whether the reasonable...

Hydroisomerization of n-Hexane Using Acidified Metal-Organic Framework and Platinum Nanoparticles.

PubMed

Sabyrov, Kairat; Jiang, Juncong; Yaghi, Omar M; Somorjai, Gabor A

2017-09-13

Exceptionally high surface area and ordered nanopores of a metal-organic framework (MOF) are exploited to encapsulate and homogeneously disperse a considerable amount of phosphotungstic acid (PTA). When combined with platinum nanoparticles positioned on the external surface of the MOF, the construct shows a high catalytic activity for hydroisomerization of n-hexane, a reaction requiring hydrogenation/dehydrogenation and moderate to strong Brønsted acid sites. Characterization of the catalytic activity and acidic sites as a function of PTA loading demonstrates that both the concentration and strength of acidic sites are highest for the catalyst with the largest amount of PTA. The MOF construct containing 60% PTA by weight produces isoalkanes with 100% selectivity and 9-fold increased mass activity as compared to a more traditional aluminosilicate catalyst, further demonstrating the capacity of the MOF to contain a high concentration of active sites necessary for the isomerization reaction.

17 CFR 30.7 - Treatment of foreign futures or foreign options secured amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION FOREIGN FUTURES AND FOREIGN OPTIONS TRANSACTIONS § 30.7 Treatment of foreign futures or foreign options secured amount. (a) Except as provided in this section, a futures commission... options customers denominated as the foreign futures or foreign options secured amount. Such money...

7 CFR 457.124 - Raisin crop insurance provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... maximum dollar amount. The value per ton established by FCIC and shown in the actuarial documents... insured tonnage by the reference maximum dollar amount, by the coverage level percentage you elect, and by... maximum dollar amount, except if your damaged production undergoes a USDA inspection and is stored by your...

7 CFR 457.124 - Raisin crop insurance provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... maximum dollar amount. The value per ton established by FCIC and shown in the actuarial documents... insured tonnage by the reference maximum dollar amount, by the coverage level percentage you elect, and by... maximum dollar amount, except if your damaged production undergoes a USDA inspection and is stored by your...

7 CFR 457.124 - Raisin crop insurance provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... maximum dollar amount. The value per ton established by FCIC and shown in the actuarial documents... insured tonnage by the reference maximum dollar amount, by the coverage level percentage you elect, and by... maximum dollar amount, except if your damaged production undergoes a USDA inspection and is stored by your...

26 CFR 1.25-2T - Amount of credit (Temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Changes in Rates During A Taxable Year § 1.25-2T Amount of credit (Temporary). (a) In general. Except as... average annual aggregate principal amount of mortgages executed during the immediately preceding 3... that the weighted average of the certificate credit rates in such mortgage credit certificate program...

45 CFR 1611.5 - Authorized exceptions to the annual income ceiling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) The applicant's income does not exceed 200% of the applicable Federal Poverty Guidelines amount and... applicable Federal Poverty Guidelines amount and the recipient has determined that the applicant should be...

45 CFR 1611.5 - Authorized exceptions to the annual income ceiling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) The applicant's income does not exceed 200% of the applicable Federal Poverty Guidelines amount and... applicable Federal Poverty Guidelines amount and the recipient has determined that the applicant should be...

45 CFR 1611.5 - Authorized exceptions to the annual income ceiling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) The applicant's income does not exceed 200% of the applicable Federal Poverty Guidelines amount and... applicable Federal Poverty Guidelines amount and the recipient has determined that the applicant should be...

45 CFR 1611.5 - Authorized exceptions to the annual income ceiling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) The applicant's income does not exceed 200% of the applicable Federal Poverty Guidelines amount and... applicable Federal Poverty Guidelines amount and the recipient has determined that the applicant should be...

45 CFR 1611.5 - Authorized exceptions to the annual income ceiling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) The applicant's income does not exceed 200% of the applicable Federal Poverty Guidelines amount and... applicable Federal Poverty Guidelines amount and the recipient has determined that the applicant should be...

Human nutrition in cold and high terrestrial altitudes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Srivastava, K. K.; Kumar, Ratan

1992-03-01

The calorie and nutritional requirements for a man working in an alien hostile environment of cold regions and high altitude are described and compared to those of normal requirements. Carbohydrates, fats and vitamins fulfilling the caloric and nutritional requirements are generally available in adequate amounts except under conditions of appetite loss. However, the proteins and amino acids should be provided in such a way as to meet the altered behavioral and metabolic requirements. Work in extreme cold requires fulfilling enhanced calorie needs. In high mountainous regions, cold combined with hypoxia produced loss of appetite and necessitated designing of special foods.

17 CFR 240.17i-7 - Calculations of allowable capital and risk allowances or alternative capital assessment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Cumulative and non-cumulative preferred stock, except that the amount of cumulative preferred stock may not..., and credit substitutes in as follows: (1) By multiplying the credit equivalent amount of the... accordance with the following: (i) Credit equivalent amount: (A) Certain loans and loan commitments...

17 CFR 240.17i-7 - Calculations of allowable capital and risk allowances or alternative capital assessment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) Cumulative and non-cumulative preferred stock, except that the amount of cumulative preferred stock may not..., and credit substitutes in as follows: (1) By multiplying the credit equivalent amount of the... accordance with the following: (i) Credit equivalent amount: (A) Certain loans and loan commitments...

17 CFR 240.17i-7 - Calculations of allowable capital and risk allowances or alternative capital assessment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) Cumulative and non-cumulative preferred stock, except that the amount of cumulative preferred stock may not..., and credit substitutes in as follows: (1) By multiplying the credit equivalent amount of the... accordance with the following: (i) Credit equivalent amount: (A) Certain loans and loan commitments...

17 CFR 240.17i-7 - Calculations of allowable capital and risk allowances or alternative capital assessment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Cumulative and non-cumulative preferred stock, except that the amount of cumulative preferred stock may not..., and credit substitutes in as follows: (1) By multiplying the credit equivalent amount of the... accordance with the following: (i) Credit equivalent amount: (A) Certain loans and loan commitments...

40 CFR 258.74 - Allowable mechanisms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... post-closure care, up to an amount equal to the face amount of the policy. (3) The insurance policy must be issued for a face amount at least equal to the current cost estimate for closure or post-closure care, whichever is applicable, except as provided in paragraph (k) of this section. The term face...

40 CFR 258.74 - Allowable mechanisms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... post-closure care, up to an amount equal to the face amount of the policy. (3) The insurance policy must be issued for a face amount at least equal to the current cost estimate for closure or post-closure care, whichever is applicable, except as provided in paragraph (k) of this section. The term face...

26 CFR 1.1441-3 - Determination of amounts to be withheld.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... gross amount. Except as otherwise provided in regulations under section 1441, the amount subject to... 881(a). (ii) Anti-abuse rule. The exemption in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section does not apply if... withholding under section 1445 and the regulations under that section. See paragraph (c)(4) of this section...

26 CFR 1.1441-3 - Determination of amounts to be withheld.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... gross amount. Except as otherwise provided in regulations under section 1441, the amount subject to... 881(a). (ii) Anti-abuse rule. The exemption in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section does not apply if... withholding under section 1445 and the regulations under that section. See paragraph (c)(4) of this section...

26 CFR 1.1441-3 - Determination of amounts to be withheld.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... gross amount. Except as otherwise provided in regulations under section 1441, the amount subject to... 881(a). (ii) Anti-abuse rule. The exemption in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section does not apply if... withholding under section 1445 and the regulations under that section. See paragraph (c)(4) of this section...

46 CFR 252.30 - Amount of subsidy payable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Subsidy Rates § 252.30 Amount of subsidy payable. (a) Daily rates. Daily ODS rates shall be used to quantify the amount of ODS payable except for the ODS rates applicable to maintenance and repair expenses, as described separately in § 252.32. The daily ODS rate represents the cost differential between the...

Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in La Crosse County, Wisconsin, and into nearby pools of the Mississippi River

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hunt, Randall J.; Saad, David A.; Chapel, Dawn M.

2003-01-01

The models provide estimates of the locations and amount of ground-water flow into Pool 8 and the southern portion of Pool 7 of the Mississippi River. Ground-water discharges into all areas of the pools, except along the eastern shore in the vicinity of the city of La Crosse and immediately downgradient from lock and dam 7 and 8. Ground-water flow into the pools is generally greatest around the perimeter with decreasing amounts away from the perimeter. An area of relatively high ground-water discharge extends out towards the center of Pool 7 from the upper reaches of the pool and may

Electrochemical investigation of functionalized graphene aerogel with different amount of p-phenylenediamine as an advanced electrode material for supercapacitors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gholipour-Ranjbar, Habib; Ganjali, Mohammad Reza; Norouzi, Parviz; Naderi, Hamid Reza

2016-07-01

Graphene aerogel has attracted great attention as a new and efficient electrode material for supercapacitors. It can be expected that functionalization of graphene aerogels can further improve their capability. In this study, graphene aerogel functionalized with different amount of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and the effect of PPD amount on the supercapacitive performance of functionalized graphene aerogel (FGA) was investigated. Structural characterizations showed that PPD molecules initiated graphene aerogel sheets assembly into three-dimensional structures and also increasing PPD amount led to increase in surface area. Electrochemical investigations proved that the FGA with larger pore size showed enhanced supercapacitive performance compared with the FGA with smaller pore size. The optimized FGA-based electrode exhibited outstanding specific capacitance (SC) of 385 F g-1 at a discharge current density of 1 A g-1, good rate capability (215 F g-1 at 20 A g-1), and exceptionally high cyclic stability by displaying 25% increase in SC after 5000 cycle.

40 CFR 62.14695 - Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Is there a minimum amount of monitoring... Commenced Construction On or Before November 30, 1999 Monitoring § 62.14695 Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain? (a) Except for monitoring malfunctions, associated repairs, and required...

40 CFR 60.2170 - Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-control periods, or required monitoring system quality assurance or control activities in calculations... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Is there a minimum amount of monitoring..., 2001 Monitoring § 60.2170 Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain? (a) Except for...

40 CFR 60.2170 - Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Is there a minimum amount of monitoring..., 2001 Monitoring § 60.2170 Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain? (a) Except for monitor malfunctions, associated repairs, and required quality assurance or quality control activities...

40 CFR 62.14695 - Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Is there a minimum amount of monitoring... Commenced Construction On or Before November 30, 1999 Monitoring § 62.14695 Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain? (a) Except for monitoring malfunctions, associated repairs, and required...

40 CFR 62.14695 - Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Is there a minimum amount of monitoring... Commenced Construction On or Before November 30, 1999 Monitoring § 62.14695 Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain? (a) Except for monitoring malfunctions, associated repairs, and required...

40 CFR 62.14695 - Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Is there a minimum amount of monitoring... Commenced Construction On or Before November 30, 1999 Monitoring § 62.14695 Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain? (a) Except for monitoring malfunctions, associated repairs, and required...

40 CFR 60.2735 - Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Is there a minimum amount of monitoring... Construction On or Before November 30, 1999 Model Rule-Monitoring § 60.2735 Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain? (a) Except for monitoring malfunctions, associated repairs, and required...

40 CFR 62.14695 - Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Is there a minimum amount of monitoring... Commenced Construction On or Before November 30, 1999 Monitoring § 62.14695 Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain? (a) Except for monitoring malfunctions, associated repairs, and required...

40 CFR 60.2170 - Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...-control periods, or required monitoring system quality assurance or control activities in calculations... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Is there a minimum amount of monitoring..., 2001 Monitoring § 60.2170 Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain? (a) Except for...

Associations between sleep disturbance and alcohol drinking: A large-scale epidemiological study of adolescents in Japan.

PubMed

Morioka, Hisayoshi; Itani, Osamu; Kaneita, Yoshitaka; Ikeda, Maki; Kondo, Shuji; Yamamoto, Ryuichiro; Osaki, Yoneatsu; Kanda, Hideyuki; Higuchi, Susumu; Ohida, Takashi

2013-12-01

In this study, we attempted to clarify the associations between various sleep disturbance symptoms and the frequency and amount of alcohol use among Japanese adolescents. This study was designed as a cross-sectional sampling survey. A self-administered questionnaire survey was administered to students enrolled in randomly selected junior and senior high schools throughout Japan. A total of 99,416 adolescents responded, and 98,867 questionnaires were subjected to analysis. The prevalence rates of sleep disturbance in the 30 days preceding the day of the survey were as follows: subjectively insufficient sleep (SIS) (boys: 37.6%, girls: 38.7%); short sleep duration (SSD) with less than 6 h of sleep (boys: 28.0%, girls: 33.0%); difficulty initiating sleep (DIS) (boys: 12.5%, girls: 14.1%); difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS) (boys: 10.1%, girls: 10.9%); and early morning awakening (EMA) (boys: 5.1%, girls: 5.0%). Adolescents reporting one or more symptoms of DIS, DMS, and EMA were classified as having insomnia, and its prevalence was 21.5%. The prevalence of each symptom of sleep disturbance increased significantly with the number of days on which alcohol was consumed in the previous 30 days and the amount of alcohol consumed per drinking session (p < 0.01). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for each symptom of sleep disturbance, except SIS and EMA, tended to increase with the number of days on which alcohol was consumed and the amount of alcohol consumed per drinking session. The prevalence of sleep disturbance is particularly high among adolescents drinking alcohol. The risk of having each symptom of sleep disturbance, except SIS and EMA, increases with the number of days on which alcohol was consumed and the amount of alcohol consumed per drinking session. These findings reconfirm the need to eliminate underage drinking to ensure good sleep among adolescents. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

NMR spectroscopy for assessment of lipid oxidation during frying

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Except for total polar compounds (TPC), polymerized triacylglycerols (PTAG) and fatty acid composition, most other current standard methods for lipid oxidation detect very small amounts of oxidation products such as hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes, aldehydes, and epoxides. Therefore, amounts of th...

Wing-Alone Aerodynamic Characteristics to High Angles of Attack at Subsonic and Transonic Speeds.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-11-01

support subsystems, the test- ing of these models consumes a disproportionate amount of model construction effort and wind-tunnel testing time compared...constant taper ratio with the exception of the aspect ratio 4, taper ratio 0.5 wing at subsonic speeds; the anomalous behavior of this wing is likely...0000000 ...... 0 0 0i 010... 0.. .......... .. .............. tt.. 4t t * PS4 Oft* .. MM.~0o004.0 s.t~o.4

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dawson, F.N. Jr.

The Dynacracking process developed by Hydrocarbon Research, Inc., is a non-catalytic process capable of upgrading heavy oil whose sulfur, metal, and carbon contents may be high. It converts residual stocks to distillates with high naphtha yields, and to synthetic fuel gas of high quality (700-800 Btu/ft/sup 3/). It has esentially no air polution emissions and requires a relatively small amount of water and utilities. The process generates sufficient heat internally such that, except for start-up, no boilers, furnaces, or external heaters are required to operate the plant. Several aspects of the process are discussed: chemistry, hardware, feedstock, flexibility in themore » product mix, product quality, and economics.« less

48 CFR 970.5232-4 - Obligation of funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... substantially underrun. (e) Government's right to terminate not affected. The giving of any notice under this... obligated by the Government with respect to this contract is __ dollars ($__). Such amount may be increased... the Government. Except as otherwise provided in this contract and except for costs which may be...

48 CFR 970.5232-4 - Obligation of funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... substantially underrun. (e) Government's right to terminate not affected. The giving of any notice under this... obligated by the Government with respect to this contract is __ dollars ($__). Such amount may be increased... the Government. Except as otherwise provided in this contract and except for costs which may be...

25 CFR 39.1003 - Allotment exception for FY 1991.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... PROGRAM Administrative Cost Formula § 39.1003 Allotment exception for FY 1991. For FY 1991 only, the Director may reserve an amount equal to no more than one half of the funds received in FY 1990 by those... distributed in accordance with the formula in § 39.122. ...

25 CFR 39.1003 - Allotment exception for FY 1991.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... PROGRAM Administrative Cost Formula § 39.1003 Allotment exception for FY 1991. For FY 1991 only, the Director may reserve an amount equal to no more than one half of the funds received in FY 1990 by those... distributed in accordance with the formula in § 39.122. ...

25 CFR 39.1003 - Allotment exception for FY 1991.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... PROGRAM Administrative Cost Formula § 39.1003 Allotment exception for FY 1991. For FY 1991 only, the Director may reserve an amount equal to no more than one half of the funds received in FY 1990 by those... distributed in accordance with the formula in § 39.122. ...

25 CFR 39.1003 - Allotment exception for FY 1991.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... PROGRAM Administrative Cost Formula § 39.1003 Allotment exception for FY 1991. For FY 1991 only, the Director may reserve an amount equal to no more than one half of the funds received in FY 1990 by those... distributed in accordance with the formula in § 39.122. ...

25 CFR 39.1003 - Allotment exception for FY 1991.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... PROGRAM Administrative Cost Formula § 39.1003 Allotment exception for FY 1991. For FY 1991 only, the Director may reserve an amount equal to no more than one half of the funds received in FY 1990 by those... distributed in accordance with the formula in § 39.122. ...

Source-Receptor Relationship Analysis of the Atmospheric Deposition of PAHs Subject to Long-Range Transport in Northeast Asia.

PubMed

Inomata, Yayoi; Kajino, Mizuo; Sato, Keiichi; Kurokawa, Junichi; Tang, Ning; Ohara, Toshimasa; Hayakawa, Kazuichi; Ueda, Hiromasa

2017-07-18

The source-receptor relationship analysis of PAH deposition in Northeast Asia was investigated using an Eulerian regional-scale aerosol chemical transport model. Dry deposition (DD) of PAH was controlled by wind flow patterns, whereas wet deposition (WD) depended on precipitation in addition to wind flow patterns. The contribution of WD was approximately 50-90% of the total deposition, except during winter in Northern China (NCHN) and Eastern Russia (ERUS) because of the low amount of precipitation. The amount of PAH deposition showed clear seasonal variation and was high in winter and low in summer in downwind (South Korea, Japan) and oceanic-receptor regions. In the downwind region, the contributions from NCHN (WD 28-52%; DD 54-55%) and Central China (CCHN) (WD 43-65%; DD 33-38%) were large in winter, whereas self-contributions (WD 20-51%; DD 79-81%) were relatively high in summer. In the oceanic-receptor region, the deposition amount decreased with distance from the Asian continent. The amount of DD was strongly influenced by emissions from neighboring domains. The contributions of WD from NCHN (16-20%) and CCHN (28-35%) were large. The large contributions from China in summer to the downwind region were linked to vertical transport of PAHs over the Asian continent associated with convection.

42 CFR 410.152 - Amounts of payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., fair compensation, a pre-treatment prospective payment rate, or a standard overhead amount, or any... formula. (iv) Expenses in excess of the outpatient mental health treatment limitation described in § 410... section.) (b) Basic rules for payment. Except as specified in paragraphs (c) through (h) of this section...

42 CFR 410.152 - Amounts of payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., fair compensation, a pre-treatment prospective payment rate, or a standard overhead amount, or any... formula. (iv) Expenses in excess of the outpatient mental health treatment limitation described in § 410... section.) (b) Basic rules for payment. Except as specified in paragraphs (c) through (h) of this section...

42 CFR 410.152 - Amounts of payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., fair compensation, a pre-treatment prospective payment rate, or a standard overhead amount, or any... formula. (iv) Expenses in excess of the outpatient mental health treatment limitation described in § 410... section.) (b) Basic rules for payment. Except as specified in paragraphs (c) through (h) of this section...

26 CFR 1.1245-4 - Exceptions and limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... limitations. (a) Exception for gifts—(1) General rule. Section 1245(b)(1) provides that no gain shall be recognized under section 1245(a)(1) upon a disposition by gift. For purposes of this paragraph, the term gift...) or (d) (relating to basis of property acquired by gifts). For reduction in amount of charitable...

38 CFR 3.552 - Adjustment of allowance for aid and attendance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... extremities together with loss of anal and bladder sphincter control, or Hansen's disease, except where... the provisions of § 3.551 (except where the disabling condition is Hansen's disease) . (3) Additional... authorized by this section. The rates specified will also be increased by amounts authorized under 38 U.S.C...

38 CFR 3.552 - Adjustment of allowance for aid and attendance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... extremities together with loss of anal and bladder sphincter control, or Hansen's disease, except where... the provisions of § 3.551 (except where the disabling condition is Hansen's disease) . (3) Additional... authorized by this section. The rates specified will also be increased by amounts authorized under 38 U.S.C...

38 CFR 3.552 - Adjustment of allowance for aid and attendance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... extremities together with loss of anal and bladder sphincter control, or Hansen's disease, except where... the provisions of § 3.551 (except where the disabling condition is Hansen's disease) . (3) Additional... authorized by this section. The rates specified will also be increased by amounts authorized under 38 U.S.C...

38 CFR 3.552 - Adjustment of allowance for aid and attendance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... extremities together with loss of anal and bladder sphincter control, or Hansen's disease, except where... the provisions of § 3.551 (except where the disabling condition is Hansen's disease) . (3) Additional... authorized by this section. The rates specified will also be increased by amounts authorized under 38 U.S.C...

Ni Nanoparticles Supported on Cage-Type Mesoporous Silica for CO2 Hydrogenation with High CH4 Selectivity.

PubMed

Budi, Canggih Setya; Wu, Hung-Chi; Chen, Ching-Shiun; Saikia, Diganta; Kao, Hsien-Ming

2016-09-08

Ni nanoparticles (around 4 nm diameter) were successfully supported on cage-type mesoporous silica SBA-16 (denoted as Ni@SBA-16) via wet impregnation at pH 9, followed by the calcination-reduction process. The Ni@SBA-16 catalyst with a very high Ni loading amount (22.9 wt %) exhibited exceptionally high CH4 selectivity for CO2 hydrogenation. At a nearly identical loading amount, the Ni@SBA-16 catalysts with smaller particle size of Ni NPs surprisingly exhibited a higher catalytic activity of CO2 hydrogenation and also led to a higher selectivity on CH4 formation than the Ni@SiO2 catalysts. This enhanced activity of the Ni@SBA-16 catalyst is suggested to be an accumulative result of the advantageous structural properties of the support SBA-16 and the well confined Ni NPs within the support; both induced a favorable reaction pathway for high selectivity of CH4 in CO2 hydrogenation. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Chemo-selective high yield microwave assisted reaction turns cellulose to green chemicals.

PubMed

Hassanzadeh, Salman; Aminlashgari, Nina; Hakkarainen, Minna

2014-11-04

Exceptionally high cellulose liquefaction yields, up to 87% as calculated from the amount of solid residue, were obtained under mild conditions by utilizing the synergistic effect of microwave radiation and acid catalysis. The effect of processing conditions on degradation products was fingerprinted by rapid laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) method. The reaction was chemo-tunable, enabling production of glucose (Glc) or levulinic acid (LeA) at significantly high selectivity and yields, the relative molar yields being up to 50 and 69%, respectively. A turning point from pure depolymerization to glucose to further degradation to levulinic acid and formic acid was observed at approximately 50% liquefaction or above 140 °C. This was accompanied by the formation of small amounts of solid spherical carbonized residues. The reaction was monitored by multiple analytical techniques. The high yields were connected to the ability of the process to break the strong secondary interactions in cellulose. The developed method has great potential for future production of green platform chemicals. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Structure, thermodynamic and electronic properties of carbon-nitrogen cubanes and protonated polynitrogen cations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chaban, Vitaly V.; Andreeva, Nadezhda A.

2017-12-01

Energy generation and storage are at the center of modern civilization. Energetic materials constitute quite a large class of compounds with a high amount of stored chemical energy that can be released. We hereby use a combination of quantum chemistry methods to investigate feasibility and properties of carbon-nitrogen cubanes and multi-charged polynitrogen cations in the context of their synthesis and application as unprecedented energetic materials. We show that the stored energy increases gradually with the nitrogen content increase. Nitrogen-poor cubanes retain their stabilities in vacuum, even at elevated temperatures. Such molecules will be probably synthesized at some point. In turn, polynitrogen cations are highly unstable, except N8H+, despite they are isoelectronic to all-carbon cubane. Kinetic stability of the cation decays drastically as its total charge increases. High-level thermodynamic calculations revealed that large amounts of energy are liberated upon decompositions of polynitrogen cations, which produce molecular nitrogen, acetylene, and protons. The present results bring a substantial insights to the design of novel high-energy compounds.

7 CFR 457.124 - Raisin crop insurance provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... maximum dollar amount—The value per ton established by FCIC and shown in the actuarial documents... insured tonnage by the reference maximum dollar amount, by the coverage level percentage you elect, and by... maximum dollar amount, except if your damaged production undergoes a USDA inspection and is stored by your...

26 CFR 3.7 - Tax treatment of nonqualified withdrawals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... and additions to tax under such sections, simple interest on the amount of the tax attributable to any... payment of interest with respect to such amounts. (b) Nonqualified withdrawals defined. Except as provided...(e). (e) Interest. (1) For the period on or before the last date prescribed by law, including...

20 CFR 225.26 - Residual Lump-Sum PIA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., except that social security earnings are not used to compute the RLS PIA. ... INSURANCE AMOUNT DETERMINATIONS PIA's Used in Computing Survivor Annuities and the Amount of the Residual Lump-Sum Payable § 225.26 Residual Lump-Sum PIA. The Residual Lump-Sum PIA (RLS PIA) is used to compute...

42 CFR 417.458 - Recoupment of uncollected deductible and coinsurance amounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS... Medicare Contract § 417.458 Recoupment of uncollected deductible and coinsurance amounts. An HMO or CMP... previous contract period except in the following circumstances: (a) The HMO or CMP failed to collect the...

42 CFR 60.33 - Making a HEAL loan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the applicant is a student, the lender must notify the applicant and the applicant's school named on... creditworthiness, the determination of the loan amount (not to exceed the amount approved by the school), the... applicant and the HEAL school contained in the loan application papers, except where those statements are in...

46 CFR 308.103 - Insured amounts under interim binder.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 308.103 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS WAR RISK INSURANCE War Risk Hull and Disbursements Insurance § 308.103 Insured amounts under interim binder. (a... the terms of the standard form of war risk hull insurance policy (§ 308.107), except damage to or...

24 CFR 982.604 - SRO: Voucher housing assistance payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT SECTION 8 TENANT BASED ASSISTANCE: HOUSING CHOICE VOUCHER PROGRAM Special Housing... residing in SRO housing, the payment standard is 75 percent of the zero-bedroom payment standard amount on... payment standard is 75 percent of the HUD-approved zero-bedroom exception payment standard amount. (b) The...

24 CFR 982.604 - SRO: Voucher housing assistance payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT SECTION 8 TENANT BASED ASSISTANCE: HOUSING CHOICE VOUCHER PROGRAM Special Housing... residing in SRO housing, the payment standard is 75 percent of the zero-bedroom payment standard amount on... payment standard is 75 percent of the HUD-approved zero-bedroom exception payment standard amount. (b) The...

40 CFR 60.758 - Recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Waste Landfills § 60.758 Recordkeeping requirements. (a) Except as provided in § 60.752(b)(2)(i)(B... triggered § 60.752(b), the current amount of solid waste in-place, and the year-by-year waste acceptance... electronic formats are acceptable. (b) Except as provided in § 60.752(b)(2)(i)(B), each owner or operator of...

40 CFR 60.758 - Recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Waste Landfills § 60.758 Recordkeeping requirements. (a) Except as provided in § 60.752(b)(2)(i)(B... triggered § 60.752(b), the current amount of solid waste in-place, and the year-by-year waste acceptance... electronic formats are acceptable. (b) Except as provided in § 60.752(b)(2)(i)(B), each owner or operator of...

40 CFR 60.758 - Recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Waste Landfills § 60.758 Recordkeeping requirements. (a) Except as provided in § 60.752(b)(2)(i)(B... triggered § 60.752(b), the current amount of solid waste in-place, and the year-by-year waste acceptance... electronic formats are acceptable. (b) Except as provided in § 60.752(b)(2)(i)(B), each owner or operator of...

40 CFR 60.2945 - Is there a minimum amount of operating parameter monitoring data I must obtain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... parameter monitoring data I must obtain? 60.2945 Section 60.2945 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Operator Training and Qualification Monitoring § 60.2945 Is there a minimum amount of operating parameter monitoring data I must obtain? (a) Except for monitor malfunctions, associated repairs, and required quality...

40 CFR 60.2945 - Is there a minimum amount of operating parameter monitoring data I must obtain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... parameter monitoring data I must obtain? 60.2945 Section 60.2945 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Operator Training and Qualification Monitoring § 60.2945 Is there a minimum amount of operating parameter monitoring data I must obtain? (a) Except for monitor malfunctions, associated repairs, and required quality...

40 CFR 60.2945 - Is there a minimum amount of operating parameter monitoring data I must obtain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... parameter monitoring data I must obtain? 60.2945 Section 60.2945 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Operator Training and Qualification Monitoring § 60.2945 Is there a minimum amount of operating parameter monitoring data I must obtain? (a) Except for monitor malfunctions, associated repairs, and required quality...

24 CFR 982.608 - Congregate housing: Voucher housing assistance payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the zero-bedroom payment standard amount on the PHA payment standard schedule. For a family residing in congregate housing in an exception area, the payment standard is the HUD-approved zero-bedroom... one-bedroom payment standard amount. (b) If there is a live-in aide, the live-in aide must be counted...

24 CFR 982.604 - SRO: Voucher housing assistance payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... residing in SRO housing, the payment standard is 75 percent of the zero-bedroom payment standard amount on... payment standard is 75 percent of the HUD-approved zero-bedroom exception payment standard amount. (b) The utility allowance for an assisted person residing in SRO housing is 75 percent of the zero bedroom utility...

24 CFR 982.604 - SRO: Voucher housing assistance payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... residing in SRO housing, the payment standard is 75 percent of the zero-bedroom payment standard amount on... payment standard is 75 percent of the HUD-approved zero-bedroom exception payment standard amount. (b) The utility allowance for an assisted person residing in SRO housing is 75 percent of the zero bedroom utility...

24 CFR 982.604 - SRO: Voucher housing assistance payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... residing in SRO housing, the payment standard is 75 percent of the zero-bedroom payment standard amount on... payment standard is 75 percent of the HUD-approved zero-bedroom exception payment standard amount. (b) The utility allowance for an assisted person residing in SRO housing is 75 percent of the zero bedroom utility...

18 CFR 367.1823 - Account 182.3, Other regulatory assets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...).) (b) The amounts included in this account are to be established by those charges which would have been... account are generally to be charged, concurrently with the recovery of the amounts in rates, to the same account that would have been charged if included in income when incurred, except all regulatory assets...

34 CFR 685.209 - Income contingent repayment plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... borrower's AGI minus the amount of the “HHS Poverty Guidelines for all States (except Alaska and Hawaii... borrower's AGI minus the amounts in the “HHS Poverty Guidelines for Alaska” and the “HHS Poverty Guidelines... borrower has more than one person in the borrower's family, the Secretary applies the HHS Poverty...

34 CFR 685.209 - Income contingent repayment plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... borrower's AGI minus the amount of the “HHS Poverty Guidelines for all States (except Alaska and Hawaii... borrower's AGI minus the amounts in the “HHS Poverty Guidelines for Alaska” and the “HHS Poverty Guidelines... borrower has more than one person in the borrower's family, the Secretary applies the HHS Poverty...

34 CFR 685.209 - Income contingent repayment plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... minus the amount of the “HHS Poverty Guidelines for all States (except Alaska and Hawaii) and the... minus the amounts in the “HHS Poverty Guidelines for Alaska” and the “HHS Poverty Guidelines for Hawaii... one person in the borrower's family, the Secretary applies the HHS Poverty Guidelines for the borrower...

78 FR 17053 - Indirect Stock Transfers and the Coordination Rule Exceptions; Transfers of Stock or Securities...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-19

... IRS issued final regulations under section 367 (2009 final regulations) concerning gain recognition... without the recognition of a corresponding amount of gain or income inclusion. Notice 2008-10 announced... the revised regulations would confirm that to the extent the appropriate amount of built-in gain in...

JGI Plant Genomics Gene Annotation Pipeline

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shu, Shengqiang; Rokhsar, Dan; Goodstein, David

2014-07-14

Plant genomes vary in size and are highly complex with a high amount of repeats, genome duplication and tandem duplication. Gene encodes a wealth of information useful in studying organism and it is critical to have high quality and stable gene annotation. Thanks to advancement of sequencing technology, many plant species genomes have been sequenced and transcriptomes are also sequenced. To use these vastly large amounts of sequence data to make gene annotation or re-annotation in a timely fashion, an automatic pipeline is needed. JGI plant genomics gene annotation pipeline, called integrated gene call (IGC), is our effort toward thismore » aim with aid of a RNA-seq transcriptome assembly pipeline. It utilizes several gene predictors based on homolog peptides and transcript ORFs. See Methods for detail. Here we present genome annotation of JGI flagship green plants produced by this pipeline plus Arabidopsis and rice except for chlamy which is done by a third party. The genome annotations of these species and others are used in our gene family build pipeline and accessible via JGI Phytozome portal whose URL and front page snapshot are shown below.« less

26 CFR 1.6654-2T - Exceptions to imposition of the addition to the tax in the case of individuals (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Additions to the Tax, Additional Amounts, and Assessable Penalties § 1.6654-2T Exceptions to imposition of the addition to the tax in the case of individuals (temporary). (a) In general. The addition to the tax under...

Lithium ion conducting ionic electrolytes

DOEpatents

Angell, C.A.; Xu, K.; Liu, C.

1996-01-16

A liquid, predominantly lithium-conducting, ionic electrolyte is described which has exceptionally high conductivity at temperatures of 100 C or lower, including room temperature. It comprises molten lithium salts or salt mixtures in which a small amount of an anionic polymer lithium salt is dissolved to stabilize the liquid against recrystallization. Further, a liquid ionic electrolyte which has been rubberized by addition of an extra proportion of anionic polymer, and which has good chemical and electrochemical stability, is described. This presents an attractive alternative to conventional salt-in-polymer electrolytes which are not cationic conductors. 4 figs.

Lithium ion conducting ionic electrolytes

DOEpatents

Angell, C. Austen; Xu, Kang; Liu, Changle

1996-01-01

A liquid, predominantly lithium-conducting, ionic electrolyte is described which has exceptionally high conductivity at temperatures of 100.degree. C. or lower, including room temperature. It comprises molten lithium salts or salt mixtures in which a small amount of an anionic polymer lithium salt is dissolved to stabilize the liquid against recrystallization. Further, a liquid ionic electrolyte which has been rubberized by addition of an extra proportion of anionic polymer, and which has good chemical and electrochemical stability, is described. This presents an attractive alternative to conventional salt-in-polymer electrolytes which are not cationic conductors.

20 CFR 416.1163 - How we deem income to you from your ineligible spouse.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... rate for an eligible couple and the Federal benefit rate for an eligible individual. The amount of the allocation automatically increases whenever the Federal benefit rate increases. The amount of the allocation... rate that applied in the second prior month unless one of the exceptions in § 416.1160(b)(2) applies...

20 CFR 416.1163 - How we deem income to you from your ineligible spouse.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... rate for an eligible couple and the Federal benefit rate for an eligible individual. The amount of the allocation automatically increases whenever the Federal benefit rate increases. The amount of the allocation... rate that applied in the second prior month unless one of the exceptions in § 416.1160(b)(2) applies...

20 CFR 416.1163 - How we deem income to you from your ineligible spouse.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... rate for an eligible couple and the Federal benefit rate for an eligible individual. The amount of the allocation automatically increases whenever the Federal benefit rate increases. The amount of the allocation... rate that applied in the second prior month unless one of the exceptions in § 416.1160(b)(2) applies...

20 CFR 416.1163 - How we deem income to you from your ineligible spouse.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... rate for an eligible couple and the Federal benefit rate for an eligible individual. The amount of the allocation automatically increases whenever the Federal benefit rate increases. The amount of the allocation... rate that applied in the second prior month unless one of the exceptions in § 416.1160(b)(2) applies...

20 CFR 416.1163 - How we deem income to you from your ineligible spouse.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... rate for an eligible couple and the Federal benefit rate for an eligible individual. The amount of the allocation automatically increases whenever the Federal benefit rate increases. The amount of the allocation... rate that applied in the second prior month unless one of the exceptions in § 416.1160(b)(2) applies...

24 CFR 203.18 - Maximum mortgage amounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Housing Act, if that provision is in effect and applies to the mortgage; or (ii) If section 203(b)(10) is not in effect or otherwise does not apply to the mortgage, the lesser of the amounts based on...), except that closing costs do not apply if section 203(b)(10) of the National Housing Act is in effect and...

24 CFR 203.18 - Maximum mortgage amounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Housing Act, if that provision is in effect and applies to the mortgage; or (ii) If section 203(b)(10) is not in effect or otherwise does not apply to the mortgage, the lesser of the amounts based on...), except that closing costs do not apply if section 203(b)(10) of the National Housing Act is in effect and...

24 CFR 203.18 - Maximum mortgage amounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Housing Act, if that provision is in effect and applies to the mortgage; or (ii) If section 203(b)(10) is not in effect or otherwise does not apply to the mortgage, the lesser of the amounts based on...), except that closing costs do not apply if section 203(b)(10) of the National Housing Act is in effect and...

24 CFR 203.18 - Maximum mortgage amounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Housing Act, if that provision is in effect and applies to the mortgage; or (ii) If section 203(b)(10) is not in effect or otherwise does not apply to the mortgage, the lesser of the amounts based on...), except that closing costs do not apply if section 203(b)(10) of the National Housing Act is in effect and...

24 CFR 203.18 - Maximum mortgage amounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Housing Act, if that provision is in effect and applies to the mortgage; or (ii) If section 203(b)(10) is not in effect or otherwise does not apply to the mortgage, the lesser of the amounts based on...), except that closing costs do not apply if section 203(b)(10) of the National Housing Act is in effect and...

26 CFR 1.45G-1 - Railroad track maintenance credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... and J incurred QRTME in the amount of $1 million. Also, on December 6, 2006, J assigned for purposes... (b)(6) of this section) of a Class II railroad or Class III railroad during the taxable year, but... railroad track maintenance credit for the taxable year—(1) General amount. Except as provided in paragraph...

26 CFR 1.45G-1 - Railroad track maintenance credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... and J incurred QRTME in the amount of $1 million. Also, on December 6, 2006, J assigned for purposes... (b)(6) of this section) of a Class II railroad or Class III railroad during the taxable year, but... railroad track maintenance credit for the taxable year—(1) General amount. Except as provided in paragraph...

26 CFR 1.45G-1 - Railroad track maintenance credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... and J incurred QRTME in the amount of $1 million. Also, on December 6, 2006, J assigned for purposes... (b)(6) of this section) of a Class II railroad or Class III railroad during the taxable year, but... railroad track maintenance credit for the taxable year—(1) General amount. Except as provided in paragraph...

26 CFR 1.45G-1 - Railroad track maintenance credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... and J incurred QRTME in the amount of $1 million. Also, on December 6, 2006, J assigned for purposes... (b)(6) of this section) of a Class II railroad or Class III railroad during the taxable year, but... railroad track maintenance credit for the taxable year—(1) General amount. Except as provided in paragraph...

26 CFR 1.148-7 - Spending exceptions to the rebate requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... excluded from the gross proceeds of the prior issue under the special definition of gross proceeds in... treated as gross proceeds of the refunding issue. Thus, for the refunding issue to qualify for the 6-month... those amounts continue to be used in a manner that does not cause those amounts to be gross proceeds...

Exceptionally fast water desalination at complete salt rejection by pristine graphyne monolayers.

PubMed

Xue, Minmin; Qiu, Hu; Guo, Wanlin

2013-12-20

Desalination that produces clean freshwater from seawater holds the promise of solving the global water shortage for drinking, agriculture and industry. However, conventional desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis and thermal distillation involve large amounts of energy consumption, and the semipermeable membranes widely used in reverse osmosis face the challenge to provide a high throughput at high salt rejection. Here we find by comprehensive molecular dynamics simulations and first principles modeling that pristine graphyne, one of the graphene-like one-atom-thick carbon allotropes, can achieve 100% rejection of nearly all ions in seawater including Na(+), Cl(-), Mg(2+), K(+) and Ca(2+), at an exceptionally high water permeability about two orders of magnitude higher than those for commercial state-of-the-art reverse osmosis membranes at a salt rejection of ~98.5%. This complete ion rejection by graphyne, independent of the salt concentration and the operating pressure, is revealed to be originated from the significantly higher energy barriers for ions than for water. This intrinsic specialty of graphyne should provide a new possibility for the efforts to alleviate the global shortage of freshwater and other environmental problems.

Investigation on formaldehyde release from preservatives in cosmetics.

PubMed

Lv, C; Hou, J; Xie, W; Cheng, H

2015-10-01

To understand formaldehyde residue in cosmetics, an investigation on formaldehyde release from eight preservatives (methenamine - MA, paraformaldehyde - PF, poly(p-toluenesulfonamide-co-formaldehyde) -PTSAF, quaternium-15 - QU, imidazolidinyl urea - IU, diazolidinyl urea - DU, dimethyloldimethyl hydantoin - DMDM and bronopol - BP) under various conditions was performed. The concentration of released formaldehyde was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. The amounts of formaldehyde release were in the order of PF > DU > DMDM ≈ QU ≈ IU > MA > BP > PTSAF. The releasing amounts of formaldehyde were the highest in the presence of aqueous matrices for the releasers except QU and IU, and the releasing effect was also relative to pH. More formaldehyde was released with longer storage time and higher temperature. Furthermore, all preservatives in cosmetic matrices released fewer amounts of formaldehyde than in pure aqueous or organic matrices, and the formaldehyde-releasing amounts were also cosmetic specific. Formaldehyde release was dependent on the matrix, pH, time and mainly temperature, and the releasing effect was also cosmetic specific. © 2015 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Société Française de Cosmétologie.

45 CFR 33.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., overpayments, penalties, damages, interest, fines and forfeitures (except those arising under the Uniform Code... contributions. Amounts deducted under garnishment orders, including child support garnishment orders, are not...

45 CFR 33.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., overpayments, penalties, damages, interest, fines and forfeitures (except those arising under the Uniform Code... contributions. Amounts deducted under garnishment orders, including child support garnishment orders, are not...

45 CFR 33.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., overpayments, penalties, damages, interest, fines and forfeitures (except those arising under the Uniform Code... contributions. Amounts deducted under garnishment orders, including child support garnishment orders, are not...

45 CFR 33.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., overpayments, penalties, damages, interest, fines and forfeitures (except those arising under the Uniform Code... contributions. Amounts deducted under garnishment orders, including child support garnishment orders, are not...

The history of AIDS exceptionalism.

PubMed

Smith, Julia H; Whiteside, Alan

2010-12-03

In the history of public health, HIV/AIDS is unique; it has widespread and long-lasting demographic, social, economic and political impacts. The global response has been unprecedented. AIDS exceptionalism--the idea that the disease requires a response above and beyond "normal" health interventions--began as a Western response to the originally terrifying and lethal nature of the virus. More recently, AIDS exceptionalism came to refer to the disease-specific global response and the resources dedicated to addressing the epidemic. There has been a backlash against this exceptionalism, with critics claiming that HIV/AIDS receives a disproportionate amount of international aid and health funding.This paper situations this debate in historical perspective. By reviewing histories of the disease, policy developments and funding patterns, it charts how the meaning of AIDS exceptionalism has shifted over three decades. It argues that while the connotation of the term has changed, the epidemic has maintained its course, and therefore some of the justifications for exceptionalism remain.

Memory effect triggered by exceptional event: the Rio Cordon study case

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rainato, Riccardo; Mao, Luca; Picco, Lorenzo; Garcia-Rama, Adriana; Aristide Lenzi, Mario

2016-04-01

In the mountain environment, the steep channels play a key-role in the drainage networks. Notably, the sediment transport processes that here occur, can affect aspects as the geomorphic changes, channel evolution, reservoir management, infrastructure design and hazard assessment. Due to the complex and changeable hydraulic and morphological features that characterize the mountain environment, the steep channels can exhibit fluvial and/or debris-flow transport with magnitude of sediment delivery that, in the same basin, may strongly vary from event to event. In the light of these challenging conditions, appears clear as an accurate monitoring and investigation of sediment dynamics is of critical importance in the steep mountain channels. Such monitoring has even more significance if it is maintained over long-period, enabling to investigate even the role of high magnitude/low frequency events. Using a dataset 29 years-wide, this work aims to investigate the temporal trend of sediment dynamic in the Rio Cordon (Eastern Italian Alps). The Rio Cordon is a steep mountain channel (mean slope = 13%) characterized by step-pool and riffle-pool morphology. The basin (5 km2)exhibits a prevalent nivo-pluvial runoff regime. Since 1986, the catchment is equipped with a monitoring station, that continuously records water discharge, bedload and suspended load (at 1 hr intervals, and 5 min intervals during floods). In September 1994 an exceptional event (RI > 100 years) occurred in the study site, mobilizing about 4000 tons of material. Currently, the structure is managed by ARPA Veneto - Regional Department for Land Safety. In terms of magnitude, the 31 floods recorded by the monitoring station show a wide range of hydraulic forcing (i.e. peak discharge and effective runoff) and amount transported. Specifically, Qpeak ranges within one order of magnitude (1.02 - 10.42 m3 s-1), while the amount of bedload and suspended load varies by more than 3 orders (i.e. 0.9 t < BL < 1541.7 t). The amounts transported by the floods are investigated as a function of Qpeak, using a power-law regression. Bedload (r2= 0.739) and suspended load (r2= 0.565) appear positively correlated with Qpeak, also showing that floods of a certain magnitude transported more sediments after the exceptional 1994 flood. A comparable behavior can be observed by the Qpeak/D50 relationship (r2= 0.688). The ratio between sediment load and effective runoff of the events allowed the temporal trend of transport efficiency to be inferred. The results highlight that nearly a decade with high transport efficiency appears to have occurred subsequently to the September 1994 event. This result confirms that exceptional floods, rarely assessed by short-term monitoring programs, can strongly affect the long-term sediment fluxes. In the case of Rio Cordon, the exceptional event triggered a "memory effect" in the basin, altering the sediment dynamics for roughly 10 years. This research was supported by the Italian Research Project of Relevant Interest PRIN2010-2011, prot. 20104ALME4, ITSE; and by the University of Padova Research Project CPDA149091- WoodAlp.

Light generated bubble for microparticle propulsion.

PubMed

Frenkel, Ido; Niv, Avi

2017-06-06

Light activated motion of micron-sized particles with effective forces in the range of micro-Newtons is hereby proposed and demonstrated. Our investigation shows that this exceptional amount of force results from accumulation of light-generated heat by a micron-sized particle that translates into motion due to a phase transition in the nearby water. High-speed imagery indicates the role of bubble expansion and later collapse in this event. Comparing observations with known models reveals a dynamic behavior controlled by polytropic trapped vapor and the inertia of the surrounding liquid. The potential of the proposed approach is demonstrated by realization of disordered optical media with binary light-activated switching from opacity to high transparency.

21 CFR 101.12 - Reference amounts customarily consumed per eating occasion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... § 101.9(b)(j)(11). 13 For raw fruit, vegetables, and fish, manufacturers should follow the label..., March 6, 1992). 14 Pizza sauce is part of the pizza and is not considered to be sauce topping. (c) If a... rules: (1) Except as provided for in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, the reference amount for the...

21 CFR 101.12 - Reference amounts customarily consumed per eating occasion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... § 101.9(b)(j)(11). 13 For raw fruit, vegetables, and fish, manufacturers should follow the label..., March 6, 1992). 14 Pizza sauce is part of the pizza and is not considered to be sauce topping. (c) If a... rules: (1) Except as provided for in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, the reference amount for the...

26 CFR 1.527-6 - Inclusion of certain amounts in the gross income of an exempt organization which is not a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... an exempt function, it may be subject to tax. There is included in the gross income of such... function. The amount included will be treated as political organization taxable income. (b) Exempt function expenditures—(1) Directly related expenses. (i) Except as provided in this section, the term exempt function...

26 CFR 1.527-6 - Inclusion of certain amounts in the gross income of an exempt organization which is not a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... an exempt function, it may be subject to tax. There is included in the gross income of such... function. The amount included will be treated as political organization taxable income. (b) Exempt function expenditures—(1) Directly related expenses. (i) Except as provided in this section, the term exempt function...

26 CFR 1.527-6 - Inclusion of certain amounts in the gross income of an exempt organization which is not a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... an exempt function, it may be subject to tax. There is included in the gross income of such... function. The amount included will be treated as political organization taxable income. (b) Exempt function expenditures—(1) Directly related expenses. (i) Except as provided in this section, the term exempt function...

26 CFR 1.527-6 - Inclusion of certain amounts in the gross income of an exempt organization which is not a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... an exempt function, it may be subject to tax. There is included in the gross income of such... function. The amount included will be treated as political organization taxable income. (b) Exempt function expenditures—(1) Directly related expenses. (i) Except as provided in this section, the term exempt function...

Use of $gamma$ irradiation to prevent aflatoxin production in bread

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bullerman, L.B.; Barnhart, H.M.; Hartung, T.E.

Irradiation doses of 100 and 200 Krad reduced the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus in bread stored for 10 days at 254DEC. With bread stored longer than 2 wk, mold growth in irradiated samples tended to approach the amount which occurred in the non-irradiated controls. Mold strain NRRL 3000 seemed slightly more sensitive to irradiation-than strain NRRL 2999. A 200 Krad dose prevented anatoxin production by either strain at both high and low levels of inoculation with spores in bread stored for 10 days, except in one case where a very low level of anatoxins was detected. At 100 Krad, breadmore » inoculated with 102 spores/ slice contained none to low concentrations of anatoxins after storage for 10 days, but with 106 spores/slice higher amounts of toxins were detected. When ihe inoculated bread was stored for periods up to 6 wk, the 200 Krad treatment prevented aflatoxin production in all bread samples containing 10/sup 2/ spores/ slice, and in almost all samples containing 10/sup 6/ spores/ slice. The 100 Krad treatment also prevented aflatoxin production during 6 wk of storage in bread that contained 10/sup 2/ spores/ slice. However, with 10/sup 6/ spores/ slice both strains were capable of producing very high amounts of aflatoxins after irradiation nt 100 Krad. At 1, 2 and 6 wk of storage, these amounts were greater than the unirradiated controls, suggesting possible stimulation of aflatoxin production. (auth)« less

Production of low-affinity penicillin-binding protein by low- and high-resistance groups of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

PubMed Central

Murakami, K; Nomura, K; Doi, M; Yoshida, T

1987-01-01

Methicillin- and cephem-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (137 strains) for which the cefazolin MICs are at least 25 micrograms/ml could be classified into low-resistance (83% of strains) and high-resistance (the remaining 17%) groups by the MIC of flomoxef (6315-S), a 1-oxacephalosporin. The MICs were less than 6.3 micrograms/ml and more than 12.5 micrograms/ml in the low- and high-resistance groups, respectively. All strains produced penicillin-binding protein 2' (PBP 2'), which has been associated with methicillin resistance and which has very low affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics. Production of PBP 2' was regulated differently in low- and high-resistance strains. With penicillinase-producing strains of the low-resistance group, cefazolin, cefamandole, and cefmetazole induced PBP 2' production about 5-fold, while flomoxef induced production 2.4-fold or less. In contrast, penicillinase-negative variants of low-resistance strains produced PBP 2' constitutively in large amounts and induction did not occur. With high-resistance strains, flomoxef induced PBP 2' to an extent similar to that of cefazolin in both penicillinase-producing and -negative strains, except for one strain in which the induction did not occur. The amount of PBP 2' induced by beta-lactam antibiotics in penicillinase-producing strains of the low-resistance group correlated well with resistance to each antibiotic. Large amounts of PBP 2' in penicillinase-negative variants of the low-resistance group did not raise the MICs of beta-lactam compounds, although these strains were more resistant when challenged with flomoxef for 2 h. Different regulation of PBP 2' production was demonstrated in the high- and low-resistance groups, and factor(s) other than PBP 2' were suggested to be involved in the methicillin resistance of high-resistance strains. Images PMID:3499861

Evaluation and auger analysis of a zinc-dialkyl-dithiophosphate antiwear additive in several diester lubricants

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brainard, W. A.; Ferrante, J.

1979-01-01

The wear of pure iron in sliding contact with hardened M-2 tool steel was measured for a series of synthetic diester fluids, both with and without a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDP) antiwear additive, as test lubricants. Selected wear scars were analyzed by an Auger emission spectroscopy (AES) depth profiling technique in order to assess the surface film elemental composition. The ZDP was an effective antiwear additive for all the diesters except dibutyl oxalate and dibutyl sebacate. The high wear measured for the additive-containing oxalate was related to corrosion; the higher wear measured for the additive-containing sebacate was due to an oxygen interaction. The AES of dibutyl sebacate surfaces run in dry air and in dry nitrogen showed large differences only in the amount of oxygen present. The AES of worn surfaces where the additive was effective showed no zinc, only a little phosphorus, and large amounts of sulfur.

Jaundice (image)

MedlinePlus

Jaundice is a condition produced when excess amounts of bilirubin circulating in the blood stream dissolve in ... the eyes. With the exception of normal newborn jaundice in the first week of life, all other ...

Magnetic Untwisting in Solar Jets that Go into the Outer Corona in Polar Coronal Holes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, Ronald L.; Sterling, Alphonse C.; Falconer, David A.

2014-01-01

We present results from 14 exceptionally high-reaching large solar jets observed in the polar coronal holes. EUV movies from SDO/AIA show that each jet is similar to many other similar-size and smaller jets that erupt in coronal holes, but each is exceptional in that it goes higher than most other jets, so high that it is observed in the outer corona beyond 2.2 R(sub Sun) in images from the SOHO/LASCO/C2 coronagraph. For these high-reaching jets, we find: (1) the front of the jet transits the corona below 2.2 R(sub Sun) at a speed typically several times the sound speed; (2) each jet displays an exceptionally large amount of spin as it erupts; (3) in the outer corona, most jets display oscillatory swaying having an amplitude of a few degrees and a period of order 1 hour. We conclude that these jets are magnetically driven, propose that the driver is a magnetic-untwisting wave that is grossly a large-amplitude (i.e., nonlinear) torsional Alfven wave that is put into the reconnected open magnetic field in the jet by interchange reconnection as the jet erupts, and estimate from the measured spinning and swaying that the magnetic-untwisting wave loses most of its energy in the inner corona below 2.2 R(sub Sun). From these results for these big jets, we reason that the torsional magnetic waves observed in Type-II spicules should dissipate in the corona in the same way and could thereby power much of the coronal heating in coronal holes.

Accumulation of catechins in tea in relation to accumulation of mRNA from genes involved in catechin biosynthesis.

PubMed

Eungwanichayapant, P D; Popluechai, S

2009-02-01

Catechins are a group of polyphenols found in tea (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) at high levels. They are beneficial for health. From the study on accumulation of catechins in shoots and mature leaves of a tea cultivar, Oolong No. 17, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), it was found that the amounts of most catechins in the shoots were higher than those in the mature leaves, with an exception of catechins gallate (CG) that was found in trace amounts in both the shoots and mature leaves. mRNA accumulation of genes involved in catechin synthesis was studied using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that the mRNA accumulation of the genes were higher in the shoots than in the mature leaves. These genes included genes of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1 (PAL1; EC 4.3.1.5), chalcone synthase (CHS; EC 2.3.1.74), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR; EC 1.1.1.219), leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LCR; EC 1.17.1.3), and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H; EC 1.14.11.9).

Influence of strain rate on the structure/property behavior of the alpha-2 alloy Ti-24.5Al-10.5Nb-1.5Mo

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gray, G.T. III; Hong, Sun Ig; Marquardt, B.J.

Preliminary dislocation g{center_dot}b analysis revealed that following room temperature deformation at low strain rate the majority of the dislocations are a-dislocations lying on basal planes, 2nd order pyramidal (a/2 + c) slip on [1211], and 1st order pyramidal a-slip on [1011]. Increasing the rate of deformation at room temperature to 6000 s{sup {minus}1} is seen to result in increased a-slip on prism planes and a decreased amount of basal slip. At high-strain-rates and elevated temperatures the substructure was seen to be generally similar to that observed following high-rate deformation at room temperature except for an increased amount of basal slipmore » and a somewhat higher incidence of 2nd order pyramidal slip. The defect generation and the rate sensitivity of Ti-24.5Al-10.5Nb-1.5Mo are discussed as a function of strain rate and temperature and contrasted to that observed in conventional titanium alloys and TiAl.« less

Secretive marsh aird species co-eccurrences and habitat associations across the midwest, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bolenbaugh, Jason R.; Krementz, David G.; Lehnen, Sarah E.

2011-01-01

Because secretive marsh birds are difficult to detect, population status and habitat use for these birds are not well known. We conducted repeated surveys for secretive marsh birds across 264 sites in the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Joint Venture region to estimate abundance, occupancy, and detection probabilities during the 2008 and 2009 breeding seasons. We identified species groups based on observed species co-occurrences. Two species, least bittern Ixobrychus exilis and American bittern Botaurus lentiginosus, co-occurred with other species less often than expected by chance, and two species groups, rails (Virginia rail Rallus limicola and sora Porzana carolina) and open-water birds (pied-billed grebe Podilymbus podiceps, common moorhen Gallinula chloropus, and American coot Fulica americana; coots were only surveyed in 2009), co-occurred more often than expected by chance. These groupings were consistent between years. We then estimated the relation of these species and groups to landscape and local site characteristics by using zero-inflated abundance models that accounted for incomplete detection. At the landscape level (5-km radius), the amount of emergent herbaceous wetland was positively associated with least bittern occupancy, whereas the amount of woody wetland was negatively associated with least bittern, rail, and open-water bird occupancy. At the local level, habitat variables that were associated with abundance were not consistent among groups or between years, with the exception that both least bitterns and open-water birds had a strong positive association between abundance and water-vegetation interspersion. Land managers interested in marsh bird management or conservation may want to consider focusing efforts on landscapes with high amounts of emergent herbaceous wetland and low amounts of woody wetland, and managing for high amounts of water-vegetation interspersion within the wetland.

Interaction between human blood platelets, viruses and antibodies. IV. Post-Rubella thrombocytopenic purpura and platelet aggregation by Rubella antigen–antibody interaction

PubMed Central

Myllylä, G.; Vaheri, A.; Vesikari, T.; Penttinen, K.

1969-01-01

A new method of measuring antibodies by observing sedimentation patterns of platelets has been compared with the complement fixation and haemagglutination inhibition techniques in ten cases of Rubella and seven cases of post-Rubella thrombocytopenic purpura. The method is based on the aggregation of platelets by the joint action of antibody and small size antigens. The platelet aggregation method gave exceptionally high titres in cases of post-Rubella thrombocytopenic purpura. Other serologic methods did not give these high titres. The hypothesis that small size virus antigen and antibody against it are both needed to induce thrombocytopenia during the recovery period is discussed. Large amounts of both may result in clinical symptoms. PMID:5814719

Appearance and quantification of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in female sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during their spawning migration

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mulcahy, D.; Jenes, C.K.; Pascho, R.J.

1984-01-01

The incidence and amount of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus was determined in 10 organs and body fluids from each of 100 female sockeye salmon(Oncorhynchus nerka) before, during, and after their spawning migration into freshwater. Virus was found in high concentrations only in fish sampled during and after spawning. Infection rates increased from nil to 100 percent within 2 weeks. In spawning fish, incidences of IHN virus were high in all organs and fluids except brain and serum, and the highest concentrations were in the pyloric caeca and lower gut. Immediately before spawning, IHN virus was found most frequently in the gills, less frequently in the pyloric caeca and spleen, and rarely in other organs.

Effects of diets containing high or low amounts of stearic acid on plasma lipoprotein fractions and fecal fatty acid excretion of men.

PubMed

Dougherty, R M; Allman, M A; Iacono, J M

1995-05-01

Ten middle-aged males participated in a crossover study to determine the cholesterolemic effect of high amounts of stearic acid in a natural diet. They consumed a 20-d stabilization diet followed by two 40-d intervention diets containing either 1.5% of energy as stearic (18:0) acid and 7.3% of energy as palmitic (16:0) acid (low stearate: LS) or 2.4% of energy as 16:0 and 7.3% of energy as 18:0 (high stearate: HS). The experimental diets also contained approximately 10% of energy each as saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and 7.2-8% of energy as polyunsaturated fatty acids. The primary source of 18:0 in the HS diet was sheanut oil (commercially referred to as shea butter) and palm oil and butter in the LS diet. Plasma total, low-density-lipoprotein, and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower with the HS than with the LS diet. Total fecal fatty acid excretion was higher throughout the HS period. Apparent digestibility of the major dietary fatty acids showed that all of the selected fatty acids, except 18:0, were > or = 95% absorbed. These data demonstrate that feeding diets containing about two times the usual amount of stearic acid consumed in the United States, contributed to an increase in plasma lipoprotein concentrations at 40 d from an earlier decrease at 20 d. The time required to achieve stable cholesterol concentrations appears to vary depending on the kind of saturated fatty acids present in the diet.

26 CFR 1.6041-4 - Foreign-related items and other exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... notional principal contracts between the parties (for example, an International Swap and Derivatives... dollars of amounts paid in foreign currency. For rules concerning foreign currency conversion, see § 1...

40 CFR 721.5310 - Neononanoic acid, ethenyl ester.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... end of each work shift.), (a)(2)(ii) (With the exception of laboratory activities, full body chemical... weighted by the proportion of each substance present in the total daily amount released. (b) Specific...

40 CFR 721.4215 - Hexanedioic acid, diethenyl ester.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... of each work shift.), (a)(2)(ii) (With the exception of laboratory activities, full body chemical... weighted by the proportion of each substance present in the total daily amount released. (b) Specific...

40 CFR 721.4215 - Hexanedioic acid, diethenyl ester.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... of each work shift.), (a)(2)(ii) (With the exception of laboratory activities, full body chemical... weighted by the proportion of each substance present in the total daily amount released. (b) Specific...

40 CFR 721.5310 - Neononanoic acid, ethenyl ester.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... end of each work shift.), (a)(2)(ii) (With the exception of laboratory activities, full body chemical... weighted by the proportion of each substance present in the total daily amount released. (b) Specific...

40 CFR 721.4215 - Hexanedioic acid, diethenyl ester.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... of each work shift.), (a)(2)(ii) (With the exception of laboratory activities, full body chemical... weighted by the proportion of each substance present in the total daily amount released. (b) Specific...

40 CFR 721.5310 - Neononanoic acid, ethenyl ester.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... end of each work shift.), (a)(2)(ii) (With the exception of laboratory activities, full body chemical... weighted by the proportion of each substance present in the total daily amount released. (b) Specific...

21 CFR 73.100 - Cochineal extract; carmine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... generally in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice, except that they may not be used to color... declare the presence of the color additive by listing its respective common or usual name, “cochineal...

Production and chemical composition of two dehydrated fermented dairy products based on cow or goat milk.

PubMed

Moreno-Fernández, Jorge; Díaz-Castro, Javier; Alférez, Maria J M; Hijano, Silvia; Nestares, Teresa; López-Aliaga, Inmaculada

2016-02-01

The aim of this study was to identify the differences between the main macro and micronutrients including proteins, fat, minerals and vitamins in cow and goat dehydrated fermented milks. Fermented goat milk had higher protein and lower ash content. All amino acids (except for Ala), were higher in fermented goat milk than in fermented cow milk. Except for the values of C11:0, C13:0, C16:0, C18:0, C20:5, C22:5 and the total quantity of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, all the other fatty acid studied were significantly different in both fermented milks. Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu and Se were higher in fermented goat milk. Fermented goat milk had lower amounts of folic acid, vitamin E and C, and higher values of vitamin A, D3, B6 and B12. The current study demonstrates the better nutritional characteristics of fermented goat milk, suggesting a potential role of this dairy product as a high nutritional value food.

Deviation from high-entropy configurations in the atomic distributions of a multi-principal-element alloy

DOE PAGES

Santodonato, Louis J.; Zhang, Yang; Feygenson, Mikhail; ...

2015-01-20

The alloy-design strategy of combining multiple elements in near-equimolar ratios has shown great potential for producing exceptional engineering materials, often known as “high-entropy alloys”. Understanding the elemental distribution, and, thus, the evolution of the configurational entropy during solidification, is undertaken in the present study using the Al 1.3CoCrCuFeNi model alloy. Here we show that even when the material undergoes elemental segregation, precipitation, chemical ordering, and spinodal decomposition, a significant amount of disorder remains, due to the distributions of multiple elements in the major phases. In addition, the results suggest that the high-entropy-alloy-design strategy may be applied to a wide rangemore » of complex materials, and should not be limited to the goal of creating single-phase solid solutions.« less

40 CFR 721.4250 - Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, ethenyl ester.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... end of each work shift.), (a)(2)(ii) (With the exception of laboratory activities, full body chemical... by the proportion of each substance present in the total daily amount released. (b) Specific...

40 CFR 721.4250 - Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, ethenyl ester.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... end of each work shift.), (a)(2)(ii) (With the exception of laboratory activities, full body chemical... by the proportion of each substance present in the total daily amount released. (b) Specific...

40 CFR 721.4250 - Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, ethenyl ester.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... end of each work shift.), (a)(2)(ii) (With the exception of laboratory activities, full body chemical... by the proportion of each substance present in the total daily amount released. (b) Specific...

48 CFR 32.303 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... under section 301. (See 50 U.S.C. App. 2091 for statutory limitations and exceptions concerning the... demand of the lender, to purchase a stated percentage of the loan and to share any losses in the amount...

48 CFR 32.303 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... under section 301. (See 50 U.S.C. App. 2091 for statutory limitations and exceptions concerning the... demand of the lender, to purchase a stated percentage of the loan and to share any losses in the amount...

Evaluation of different cooking conditions on broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) to improve the nutritional value and consumer acceptance.

PubMed

Bongoni, Radhika; Verkerk, Ruud; Steenbekkers, Bea; Dekker, Matthijs; Stieger, Markus

2014-09-01

The objective of this study was to gain insights into the effect of the cooking method on the liking as well as the retention of glucosinolates in broccoli. With this knowledge it can be concluded whether the health aspects of broccoli be improved by the cooking method without deteriorating sensory perception. For this, broccoli was cooked by methods commonly applied by consumers: boiling with a cold (water) start; boiling with a hot (water) start; and steaming. Firmness, greenness and amount of total glucosinolates in cooked broccoli were instrumentally determined. Sensory evaluation by untrained consumers (n = 99) for liking and sensory attributes intensity rating were performed on broccoli cooked by steaming and boiling-cold start at three time points, which resulted in 'high', 'medium', 'low' firm broccoli samples. At the end of cooking, steaming showed an increase in the amount of total glucosinolates (+17%). Boiling-hot start (-41%) and boiling-cold start (-50%) showed a decrease in amount of total glucosinolates. Sensory evaluation did not show statistically significant differences between steaming and boiling-cold start in liking at 'high' and 'medium' firmness; and in the attribute intensity ratings (except for juiciness at 'medium' firmness, and flavour at 'medium' and 'low' firmness). This study demonstrates that medium firm broccoli showed optimum liking and that steaming compared to boiled-cold start showed higher amount of glucosinolates. It is concluded that the health aspects of broccoli can be improved without reducing the sensory aspects by optimising the cooking method.

26 CFR 1.6654-2 - Exceptions to imposition of the addition to the tax in the case of individuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...,800. The tax on such amount in the case of a joint return would be $9,836. Since the total amount of... joint return. In the case of a taxpayer who files a joint return for the taxable year with respect to... § 1.6017-1(b)(1). The liability with respect to the estimated tax, in the case of a joint payment...

[A rheumatologist's point of view on lumbago].

PubMed

Glimet, T

1989-03-01

The rheumatologist has to be sure the low back pain of more than three months duration has a mechanical origin, i.e. that it is not due to a tumoral, infectious, metabolic or traumatic vertebral disease. He has to recognise a low back pain from visceral origin and, at the opposite, a functional disorder. The mechanical low back pain may arise from the intervertebral disk, the articular process, a spondylolisthesis, etc... The management includes various physical and medicamentous means; the surgical procedures must be exceptional and have to be done only in highly selected patients. There is a great amount of post-operative sources of low-back pain.

Why Major Programs Need Innovation Support Labs: An Example from the Space Shuttle Launch Program at KSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Youngquist, Robert C.; Starr, Stanley O.; Stevenson, G.; Rivera, Jorge E.; Sullivan, Steven J.

2011-01-01

For over 30 years the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) has processed the Space Shuttle; handling all hands-on aspects from receiving the Orbiter, External Tanks, Solid Rocket Booster Segments, and Payloads, through certification, check-out, and assembly, and ending with fueling, count-down, and launch. A team of thousands have worked this highly complicated, yet supremely organized, process and have, as a consequence, generated an exceptional amount of technology to solve a host of problems. This paper describes the contributions of one team that formed with the express purpose to help solve some of these diverse Shuttle ground processing problems.

Isolation and amplification of genomic DNA from recalcitrant dried berries of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)--a medicinal spice.

PubMed

Dhanya, K; Kizhakkayil, Jaleel; Syamkumar, S; Sasikumar, B

2007-10-01

Black pepper is an important medicinal spice traded internationally. The extraction of high quality genomic DNA for PCR amplification from dried black pepper is challenging because of the presence of the exceptionally large amount of oxidized polyphenolic compounds, polysaccharides and other secondary metabolites. Here we report a modified hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) protocol by incorporating potassium acetate and a final PEG precipitation step to isolate PCR amplifiable genomic DNA from dried and powdered berries of black pepper. The protocol has trade implication as it will help in the PCR characterization of traded black peppers from different countries.

Properties of extracts from defatted rice bran by its subcritical water treatment.

PubMed

Wiboonsirikul, Jintana; Kimura, Yukitaka; Kadota, Megumi; Morita, Hisahiro; Tsuno, Takuo; Adachi, Shuji

2007-10-17

Defatted rice bran was extracted with water and subcritical water at 50-250 degrees C for 5 min. The highest extract yield was achieved at 200 degrees C, at which the maximum amounts of protein and carbohydrate were also obtained. The total phenolic and furfural contents, radical scavenging activity, and antioxidative activity for the autoxidation of linoleic acid increased with increasing treatment temperature. The bran extracts exhibited emulsifying activity except for the extract prepared at 250 degrees C, which was concomitant with the disappearance of its high-molecular-mass substances. The extract prepared at 200 degrees C also had the highest emulsion-stabilizing activity.

Cellular profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in Turkish miners

PubMed Central

Kayacan, O; Beder, S; Karnak, D

2003-01-01

Pneumoconiosis is still a health problem in Turkey and has a relatively high incidence. Retired underground miners were investigated to document alveolitis, and to observe the difference in the cellular profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid with or without pneumoconiosis. Twenty nine retired male miners and 17 controls, eight non-smokers (four male, four female) and nine smokers (six male, three female), without any dust exposure were evaluated. According to the International Labor Office 1980 classification system, the miners were allocated to three subgroups: eight without pneumoconiosis, 11 with simple pneumoconiosis, and 10 with progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). Spirometric tests and arterial blood gases analysis were done and fibreoptic bronchoscopy and BAL were performed in all subjects. The study and the control subjects were comparable in respect to age, smoking habits, except the non-smoker controls, and the duration of dust exposure, except the controls. The amount of recovered BAL fluid was lower in all miners compared with the non-smoker controls (p<0.05). The amount of recovered BAL fluid and the total cell count correlated significantly (r = 0.48, p<0.01). The percentage of lymphocytes in the BAL fluid of miners without pneumoconiosis and with PMF (p<0.05) and that of simple pneumoconiosis (p<0.01) was significantly lower compared with the non-smoker controls. Alveolitis was not a representative feature of Turkish subjects with an occupational history of underground mining, and BAL fluid cellular profile did not seem to be different in miners with or without pneumoconiosis. PMID:13679550

Microbial characteristics of purple paddy soil in response to Pb pollution.

PubMed

Jiang, Qiu-Ju; Zhang, Yue-Qiang; Zhang, La-Mei; Zhou, Xin-Bin; Shi, Xiao-Jun

2014-05-01

The study focused on the change of microbial characteristics affected by Plumbum pollution with purple paddy soil in an incubation experiment. The results showed that low concentration of Plumbum had little effect on most of microbial amounts, biological activity and enzymatic activity. However, denitrifying activity was inhibited severely, and inhibition rate was up to 98%. Medium and high concentration of Plumbum significantly reduced the amounts and activity of all microorganisms and enzymatic activity, which increased with incubation time. Negative correlations were found between Plumbum concentrations and microbial amounts, biological activity and enzymatic activities except fungi and actinomyces. Thus they can be used to indicate the Plumbum pollution levels to some extent. LD(50) of denitrifying bacteria (DB) and ED50 of denitrifying activity were 852mg/kg and 33.5mg/kg. Across all test soil microbes, denitrifying bacteria was most sensitive to Plumbum pollution in purple paddy soil. Value of early warning showed that anaerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria (ACDB) and actinomyces were also sensitive to Plumbum pollution. We concluded that denitrifying activity, actinomyces, ACDB or DB can be chosen as predictor of Plumbum contamination in purple paddy soil.

7 CFR 210.6 - Use of Federal funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... lunches and meal supplements served in accordance with the provisions of this part; except that, with the... food authorities may be made at such times and in such amounts as are necessary to meet the current...

7 CFR 210.6 - Use of Federal funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... lunches and meal supplements served in accordance with the provisions of this part; except that, with the... food authorities may be made at such times and in such amounts as are necessary to meet the current...

17 CFR Appendix B to Part 37 - Guidance on, and Acceptable Practices in, Compliance with Core Principles

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... should include full customer restitution where customer harm is demonstrated, except where the amount of... or external audit findings, self-reported errors, or through validated complaints. (C) Requirements...

Extraordinary Genetic Diversity in a Wood Decay Mushroom.

PubMed

Baranova, Maria A; Logacheva, Maria D; Penin, Aleksey A; Seplyarskiy, Vladimir B; Safonova, Yana Y; Naumenko, Sergey A; Klepikova, Anna V; Gerasimov, Evgeny S; Bazykin, Georgii A; James, Timothy Y; Kondrashov, Alexey S

2015-10-01

Populations of different species vary in the amounts of genetic diversity they possess. Nucleotide diversity π, the fraction of nucleotides that are different between two randomly chosen genotypes, has been known to range in eukaryotes between 0.0001 in Lynx lynx and 0.16 in Caenorhabditis brenneri. Here, we report the results of a comparative analysis of 24 haploid genotypes (12 from the United States and 12 from European Russia) of a split-gill fungus Schizophyllum commune. The diversity at synonymous sites is 0.20 in the American population of S. commune and 0.13 in the Russian population. This exceptionally high level of nucleotide diversity also leads to extreme amino acid diversity of protein-coding genes. Using whole-genome resequencing of 2 parental and 17 offspring haploid genotypes, we estimate that the mutation rate in S. commune is high, at 2.0 × 10(-8) (95% CI: 1.1 × 10(-8) to 4.1 × 10(-8)) per nucleotide per generation. Therefore, the high diversity of S. commune is primarily determined by its elevated mutation rate, although high effective population size likely also plays a role. Small genome size, ease of cultivation and completion of the life cycle in the laboratory, free-living haploid life stages and exceptionally high variability of S. commune make it a promising model organism for population, quantitative, and evolutionary genetics. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

Medicare program; Medicare hospital reimbursement reforms: limitations on reimbursable costs and the rate of hospital cost increases--HCFA. Interim final rule with comment period.

PubMed

1982-09-30

These rules implement section 1886 of the Social Security Act (established by section 101 of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982). These rules amend current regulations on hospital cost limits, providing for new exemptions and exceptions. These amendments make exceptions available to hospitals consistent with the new cost limits published elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, and specifically exempt from those cost limits rural hospitals with less than 50 beds in existence as of the enactment of the law. These rules also set forth new regulations establishing a three-year ceiling on the allowable annual rate of increase in operating costs per case for inpatient hospital services. This ceiling takes the form of a target amount of cost per case against which a hospital's incurred cost per case will be compared. Hospitals are provided incentives to keep their cost increases below the target rate. A hospital that has costs per case less than the target amount will be paid a portion of the difference between actual cost and the target amount. A hospital that has costs per case that are greater than the target amount will be paid the target amount plus 25 percent of its costs in excess of the target for the first two years of the ceiling, and none of the excess in the third year. However, payment to a hospital under these new target rate regulations will not be greater than the amount determined under the new schedule of limits on hospital inpatient operating costs published elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register.

Multipass OPCPA system at 100 kHz pumped by a CPA-free solid-state amplifier.

PubMed

Ahrens, J; Prochnow, O; Binhammer, T; Lang, T; Schulz, B; Frede, M; Morgner, U

2016-04-18

We present a compact few-cycle 100 kHz OPCPA system pumped by a CPA-free picosecond Nd:YVO₄ solid-state amplifier with all-optical synchronization to an ultra-broadband Ti:sapphire oscillator. This pump approach shows an exceptional conversion rate into the second harmonic of almost 78%. Efficient parametric amplification was realized by a two stage double-pass scheme with following chirped mirror compressor. The amount of superfluorescence was measured by an optical cross-correlation. Pulses with a duration of 8.7 fs at energies of 18 µJ are demonstrated. Due to the peak power of 1.26 GW, this simple OPCPA approach forms an ideal high repetition rate driving source for high-order harmonic generation.

Parametric study of STOL short-haul engine cycles and operational techniques to minimize community noise impact

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

The effect of aircraft operational techniques in the terminal area on community noise impact of future short-haul aircraft was investigated. These operational techniques affected altitude, flap retraction rate, thrust cutback altitude, amount of thrust cutback, and amount of turning. During landing the parameters varied were glide slope angle, change in slope angle (two segment approach), and flap extension rate. One mechanical-flap (MF) aircraft and one externally-blown-flap (EBF) aircraft were used to study by noise impact at four U.S. airports, Hanscom Field (Boston); Washington National; Midway (Chicago); and Orange County (California). With the exception of Washington National (DCA), the study showed that a reduction of approximately 40 percent in the number of people highly annoyed (as defined in the study) can be obtained by using these operational techniques. At DCA the number of people highly annoyed using the standard procedure was quite low, but it is significant that the minimumimpact case for Runway 36 reduced the number of people highly annoyed to zero using a power cutback and a turning departure path. The evaluation procedures and methodology developed in this study represents an advance in acoustical state-of-the-art and should provide an effective and useful tool for determining aircraft noise impact upon the airport community.

Spectrophotometric catalytic determination of small amounts of rhenium in mineralized rocks and molybdenite

USGS Publications Warehouse

Simon, F.O.; Grimaldi, F.S.

1962-01-01

Rhenium is determined by spectrophotometry of the tellurium sol formed by the reduction of tellurate by stannous chloride under the catalytic influence of rhenium. A detailed investigation of the conditions for high sensitivity and stability at lowest concentration levels of rhenium is presented as well as the behavior of 26 ions. The method is applied to the determination of some tenths of 1 p.p.m. or more of rhenium in a 1-mg. aliquot of mineralized rocks, mixtures of molybdenite and rocks, and molybdenite concentrates. The practical quantity limit of detection is 2 ?? 10-10 gram of rhenium. Samples are decomposed with a mixture of CaO, CaCl2, and MgO. On leaching, most constituents of the sample are precipitated either as calcium salts or hydroxides, except for rhenium and a small amount of molybdenum which pass into the filtrate. Residual molybdenum is removed by extraction with 8-quinolinol in chloroform. Better than 95% recoveries are obtained with two fusions with flux.

Evaluation of Flush-Mounted, S-Duct Inlets With Large Amounts of Boundary Layer Ingestion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berrier, Bobby L.; Morehouse, Melissa B.

2003-01-01

A new high Reynolds number test capability for boundary layer ingesting inlets has been developed for the NASA Langley Research Center 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel. Using this new capability, an experimental investigation of four S-duct inlet configurations with large amounts of boundary layer ingestion (nominal boundary layer thickness of about 40% of inlet height) was conducted at realistic operating conditions (high subsonic Mach numbers and full-scale Reynolds numbers). The objectives of this investigation were to 1) develop a new high Reynolds number, boundary-layer ingesting inlet test capability, 2) evaluate the performance of several boundary layer ingesting S-duct inlets, 3) provide a database for CFD tool validation, and 4) provide a baseline inlet for future inlet flow-control studies. Tests were conducted at Mach numbers from 0.25 to 0.83, Reynolds numbers (based on duct exit diameter) from 5.1 million to a fullscale value of 13.9 million, and inlet mass-flow ratios from 0.39 to 1.58 depending on Mach number. Results of this investigation indicate that inlet pressure recovery generally decreased and inlet distortion generally increased with increasing Mach number. Except at low Mach numbers, increasing inlet mass-flow increased pressure recovery and increased distortion. Increasing the amount of boundary layer ingestion (by decreasing inlet throat height and increasing inlet throat width) or ingesting a boundary layer with a distorted profile decreased pressure recovery and increased distortion. Finally, increasing Reynolds number had almost no effect on inlet distortion but increased inlet recovery by about one-half percent at a Mach number near cruise.

20 CFR 422.203 - Hearings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) of eligibility or amount of benefits or any other matter under title XVI of the Act, except where an... part B of title IV (Black Lung benefits) of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (30 U.S.C...

Biodiversity hanging by a thread: the importance of fungal litter-trapping systems in tropical rainforests

PubMed Central

Snaddon, Jake L.; Turner, Edgar C.; Fayle, Tom M.; Khen, Chey V.; Eggleton, Paul; Foster, William A.

2012-01-01

The exceptionally high species richness of arthropods in tropical rainforests hinges on the complexity of the forest itself: that is, on features such as the high plant diversity, the layered nature of the canopy and the abundance and the diversity of epiphytes and litter. We here report on one important, but almost completely neglected, piece of this complex jigsaw—the intricate network of rhizomorph-forming fungi that ramify through the vegetation of the lower canopy and intercept falling leaf litter. We show that this litter-trapping network is abundant and intercepts substantial amounts of litter (257.3 kg ha−1): this exceeds the amount of material recorded in any other rainforest litter-trapping system. Experimental removal of this fungal network resulted in a dramatic reduction in both the abundance (decreased by 70.2 ± 4.1%) and morphospecies richness (decreased by 57.4 ± 5.1%) of arthropods. Since the lower canopy levels can contain the highest densities of arthropods, the proportion of the rainforest fauna dependent on the fungal networks is likely to be substantial. Fungal litter-trapping systems are therefore a crucial component of habitat complexity, providing a vital resource that contributes significantly to rainforest biodiversity. PMID:22188674

The nutritional status of iron, folate, and vitamin B-12 of Buddhist vegetarians.

PubMed

Lee, Yujin; Krawinkel, Michael

2011-01-01

Nutritional status of iron, folate, and vitamin B-12 in vegetarians were assessed and compared with those of non- vegetarians in Korea. The vegetarian subjects were 54 Buddhist nuns who ate no animal source food except for dairy products. The non-vegetarians were divided into two groups: 31 Catholic nuns and 31 female college students. Three-day dietary records were completed, and the blood samples were collected for analyzing a complete blood count, and serum levels of ferritin, folate, and vitamin B-12. There was no difference in hemoglobin among the diet groups. The serum ferritin and hematocrit levels of vegetarians did not differ from that of non- vegetarian students with a high intake of animal source food but low intake of vitamin C, and the levels were lower than that of non-vegetarian Catholic nuns with a modest consumption of animal source food and a high intake of vitamin C. The serum vitamin B-12 levels of all subjects except one vegetarian and the serum folate levels of all subjects except one non-vegetarian student fell within a normal range. In vegetarians, there was a positive correlation between the vitamin C intake and serum ferritin levels as well as between the laver intake and serum vitamin B-12 levels. In order to achieve an optimal iron status, both an adequate amount of iron intake and its bioavailability should be considered. Sufficient intake of vegetables and fruits was reflected in adequate serum folate status. Korean laver can be a good source of vitamin B-12 for vegetarians.

A silver ion water sterilization system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parry, E. P.

1971-01-01

Small amounts of silver are incorporated in mixture of ion exchange resins, and water passing through this mixture is thus exposed to silver ion concentration. System is useful in self-contained water systems except city water systems where residual chlorine level is stipulated.

Enhanced plasmid DNA utilization in transiently transfected CHO-DG44 cells in the presence of polar solvents.

PubMed

Rajendra, Yashas; Balasubramanian, Sowmya; Kiseljak, Divor; Baldi, Lucia; Wurm, Florian M; Hacker, David L

2015-01-01

Although the protein yields from transient gene expression (TGE) with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have recently improved, the amount of plasmid DNA (pDNA) needed for transfection remains relatively high. We describe a strategy to reduce the pDNA amount by transfecting CHO-DG44 cells with 0.06 μg pDNA/10(6) cells (10% of the optimal amount) in the presence of nonspecific (filler) DNA and various polar solvents including dimethylsufoxide, dimethyl formamide, acetonitrile, dimethyl acetamide (DMA), and hexamethyl phosphoramide (HMP). All of the polar solvents with the exception of HMP increased the production of a recombinant antibody in comparison to the untreated control transfection. In the presence of 0.25% DMA, the antibody yield in a 7-day batch culture was 500 mg/L. This was fourfold higher than the yield from the untreated control transfection. Mechanistic studies revealed that the polar solvents did not affect polyethylenimine-mediated pDNA delivery into cells or nuclei. The steady-state transgene mRNA level was elevated in the presence of each of the polar solvents tested, while the transgene mRNA half-life remained the same. These results indicated that the polar solvents enhanced transgene transcription. When screening a panel of recombinant antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins for production in the presence of the polar solvents, the highest increase in yield was observed following DMA addition for 11 of the 12 proteins. These results are expected to enhance the applicability of high-yielding TGE processes with CHO-DG44 cells by decreasing the amount of pDNA required for transfection. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

Elemental and carbonaceous characterization of TSP and PM10 during Middle Eastern dust (MED) storms in Ahvaz, Southwestern Iran.

PubMed

Shahsavani, Abbas; Yarahmadi, Maryam; Hadei, Mostafa; Sowlat, Mohammad Hossein; Naddafi, Kazem

2017-08-21

Middle Eastern dust (MED) storms carry large amounts of dust particles to the Southern and Western cities of Iran. This study aimed to characterize the elemental and carbonaceous composition of total suspended particles (TSP) and PM 10 in Ahvaz, Iran. TSP and PM 10 samples were collected using two separate high-volume air samplers. The sampling program was performed according to EPA guidelines and resulted in 72 samples. Twenty-eight elements and two carbonaceous components in TSP and PM 10 were measured. Over the entire study period, the mean concentration (SD) of TSP and PM 10 was 1548.72 μg/m 3 (1965.11 μg/m 3 ) and 1152.35 μg/m 3 (1510.34 μg/m 3 ), respectively. The order of concentrations of major species were Si > Al > Ca > OC > Na > B > Zn > Mn > K > Mg and Si > Ca > Al > Na > OC > B > K > Mn > Cu > Mg for TSP and PM 10 , respectively. Almost all elements (except for Cd, Cr, and Cu) and carbonaceous components (except for organic carbon) had dust days/non-dust days (DD/NDD) ratios higher than 1, implying that all components are somehow affected by dust storms. Crustal elements constituted the major portion of particles for both TSP and PM 10 in both DDs and NDDs. The enrichment factor of elements such as Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, and Ti was near unity. Species such as Al, Ca, Fe, K, Na, Si, and EC had high correlation coefficients in both TSP and PM 10 (except for EC). In conclusion, Ahvaz is exposed to high concentrations of TSP and PM 10 during the MED period. Immediate actions must be planned to decrease the high concentrations of particulate matter in Ahvaz's ambient air.

Evaluation of Flush-Mounted, S-Duct Inlets with Large Amounts of Boundary Layer Ingestion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berrier, Bobby L.; Morehouse, Melissa B.

2003-01-01

A new high Reynolds number test capability for boundary layer ingesting inlets has been developed for the NASA Langley Research Center 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel. Using this new capability, an experimental investigation of four S-duct inlet configurations with large amounts of boundary layer ingestion (nominal boundary layer thickness of about 40% of inlet height) was conducted at realistic operating conditions (high subsonic Mach numbers and full-scale Reynolds numbers). The objectives of this investigation were to 1) provide a database for CFD tool validation on boundary layer ingesting inlets operating at realistic conditions and 2) provide a baseline inlet for future inlet flow-control studies. Tests were conducted at Mach numbers from 0.25 to 0.83, Reynolds numbers (based on duct exit diameter) from 5.1 million to a full-scale value of 13.9 million, and inlet mass-flow ratios from 0.39 to 1.58 depending on Mach number. Results of this investigation indicate that inlet pressure recovery generally decreased and inlet distortion generally increased with increasing Mach number. Except at low Mach numbers, increasing inlet mass-flow increased pressure recovery and increased distortion. Increasing the amount of boundary layer ingestion (by decreasing inlet throat height) or ingesting a boundary layer with a distorted (adverse) profile decreased pressure recovery and increased distortion. Finally, increasing Reynolds number had almost no effect on inlet distortion but increased inlet recovery by about one-half percent at a Mach number near cruise.

Nutritional status of Brazilian elite swimmers.

PubMed

Paschoal, Valéria Cristina Provenza; Amancio, Olga Maria Silverio

2004-02-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the body composition, dietary intake, use of nutritional supplements, and biochemical status of 8 Brazilian male elite swimmers, aged 18-21 years, participants at a national swimming competition. Data from the athletes were obtained through a 4-day food record, a fasting blood sample, and anthropometric measurements. The anthropometric results showed that body composition was compatible with sport category. The dietary assessment showed an adequate ingestion of calories, vitamins, and mineral, with the exception of calcium, for which only half of the sample reached the recommendation. The results also indicated low carbohydrate and high protein and cholesterol intakes. Of the swimmers, 62.5% and 25% consumed synthetic aminoacids and antioxidants supplements, respectively. The biochemical indices of the nutritional status were within normal limits in all swimmers, with the exception of creatine-kinase, which was above the recommended level, indicating muscle degradation probably due to poor carbohydrate intake. In conclusion, the results suggest the importance of nutritional education to promote a balanced intake, provide all nutrients in optimal amounts, inhibit unnecessary ingestion of nutritional supplements, maintain ideal performance, and improve the swimmers' health status.

Chemical and mineralogical analysis of devonian black-shale samples from Martin County, Kentucky; Carroll and Washington counties, Ohio; Wise County, Virginia; and Overton County, Tennessee, U.S.A.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Leventhal, J.S.; Hosterman, J.W.

1982-01-01

Core samples of Devonian shales from five localities in the Appalachian basin have been analyzed chemically and mineralogically. The amounts of major elements are similar; however, the minor constituents, organic C, S, phosphate and carbonate show ten-fold variations in amounts. Trace elements Mo, Ni, Cu, V, Co, U, Zn, Hg, As and Mn show variations in amounts that can be related to the minor constituents. All samples contain major amounts of quartz, illite, two types of mixed-layer clays, and chlorite in differing quantities. Pyrite, calcite, feldspar and kaolinite are also present in many samples in minor amounts. Dolomite, apatite, gypsum, barite, biotite and marcasite are present in a few samples in trace amounts. Trace elements listed above are strongly controlled by organic C with the exception of Mn which is associated with carbonate minerals. Amounts of organic C generally range from 3 to 6%, and S is in the range of 2-5%. Amounts of trace elements show the following general ranges in ppm (parts per million): Co, 20-40; Cu, 40-70; U, 10-40; As, 20-40; V, 150-300; Ni, 80-150; high values are as much as twice these values. The organic C was probably the concentrating agent, and the organic C and sulfide S together created an environment that immobilized and preserved these trace elements. Closely spaced samples showing an abrupt transition in color also show changes in organic C, S and trace-element contents. Several associations exist between mineral and chemical content. Pyrite and marcasite are the only minerals found to contain sulfide-S. In general, the illite-chlorite mixed-layer clay mineral shows covariation with organic C if calcite is not present. The enriched trace elements are not related to the clay types, although the clay and organic matter are intimately associated as the bulk fabric of the rock. ?? 1982.

Report: Agreed-Upon Procedures on EPA’s Fiscal Year 2009 First Quarter Financial Statements

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Report #09-2-0161, June 8, 2009. We compared the statements with EPA’s crosswalk, recomputed them for mathematical accuracy, and compared them with balances separately generated by us. Except for immaterial rounding differences, the amounts agreed.

Identification and characterization of calcium transporter gene family in finger millet in relation to grain calcium content.

PubMed

Singh, Uma M; Metwal, Mamta; Singh, Manoj; Taj, Gohar; Kumar, Anil

2015-07-15

Calcium (Ca) is an essential mineral for proper growth and development of plants as well as animals. In plants including cereals, calcium is deposited in seed during its development which is mediated by specialized Ca transporters. Common cereal seeds contain very low amounts of Ca while the finger millet (Eleusine coracana) contains exceptionally high amounts of Ca in seed. In order to understand the role of Ca transporters in grain Ca accumulation, developing seed transcriptome of two finger millet genotypes (GP-1, low Ca and GP-45 high Ca) differing in seed Ca content was sequenced using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology and members of Ca transporter gene family were identified. Out of 109,218 and 120,130 contigs, 86 and 81 contigs encoding Ca transporters were identified in GP-1 and GP-45, respectively. After removal of redundant sequences, a total of 19 sequences were confirmed as Ca transporter genes, which includes 11 Ca(2+) ATPases, 07 Ca(2+)/cation exchangers and 01 Ca(2+) channel. The differential expressions of all genes were analyzed from transcriptome data and it was observed that 9 and 3 genes were highly expressed in GP-45 and GP-1 genotypes respectively. Validation of transcriptome expression data of selected Ca transporter genes was performed on different stages of developing spikes of both genotypes grown under different concentrations of exogenous Ca. In both genotypes, significant correlation was observed between the expression of these genes, especially EcCaX3, and on the amount of Ca accumulated in seed. The positive correlation of seed mass with the amount of Ca concentration was also observed. The efficient Ca transport property and responsiveness of EcCAX3 towards exogenous Ca could be utilized in future biofortification program. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Time allocation by Greater White-fronted Geese: Influence of diet, energy reserves and predation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ely, Craig R.

1992-01-01

I determined the amount of time Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) allocated to various activities from September to May, 1980-1982 at their primary wintering areas in the Pacific Flyway of North America. The length of time spent on roosts during the day was positively correlated to day length. Geese at roost sites spent the majority of their time sleeping (24-46%), alert (17-40%), walking or swimming (6-24%), and in comfort behaviors (3-25%). The amount of time geese fed each day varied little from early autumn to late spring (4.5-4.9 hr), except during mid-winter when minimum temperatures were below freezing (3.9 hr), and immediately before migration in spring (6.3 hr). The proportion of time devoted to feeding and alert behavior, the two most dominant activities at field sites, varied significantly among seasons and locations. The amount of time geese were actively engaged in foraging each season was more dependent on feeding intensity than the amount of time spent at foraging sites (fields), and varied almost three-fold, from 1.8 hr during late winter to 5.1 hr during late spring. Geese fed in closer proximity to conspecifics, were more frequently disturbed, and spent less time feeding during the hunting season. Exploitation of high energy foods and catabolism of substantial energy reserves probably enabled geese to minimize foraging time during periods of harsh weather and high predation pressure. Seasonal variation in the proportion of time spent feeding corresponded closely to changes in body mass. Greater White-fronted Geese wintering in the Pacific Flyway spent substantially less time feeding than they do in Europe, as geese in California fed primarily on high energy cereal grains, while in Europe they subsist on green vegetation which has relatively less digestible energy than cereal grains.

Inter-serotype comparison of polysaccharides produced by extracellular enzymes from Streptococcus mutans.

PubMed

Yakushiji, T; Inoue, M; Koga, T

1984-04-15

The biochemical and morphological characteristics of polysaccharides synthesized from sucrose by extracellular enzymes from D-glucose-grown Streptococcus mutans representing serotypes a-g were compared. The polysaccharides synthesized by the enzymes from serotypes a, d, and g formed visible aggregates and firmly adhered to glass surfaces, whereas those formed by the enzymes from serotypes b, c, e, and f floated homogeneously and were poorly adherent. The enzymes of serotypes a, d, and g produced large amounts of water-insoluble polysaccharides (IPs, D-glucans), and those of serotypes b, c, e, and f water-soluble polysaccharides (SPs, D-glucans and D- fructans ). As compared with the IPs of serotypes b, c, e, and f, the IPs of serotypes a, d, and g (a) contained a higher proportion of (1----3)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages and alpha-D-(1----3,6) branch linkages; (b) showed higher susceptibility to (1----3)-alpha-D-glucanase (serotype a excepted) and lower (1----6)-alpha-D-glucanase sensitivity; (c) contained larger amounts of high-molecular-weight fractions; (d) showed higher intrinsic viscosities (serotype b excepted); and (e) had lower S. mutans cell-agglutination activities. On electron-microscope observation, the IPs of all serotypes showed two fibrillar components; a double-stranded fibril, with short, fluffy protrusions extending out of its periphery, and a fine, single-stranded fibril. Thus, the serotypes could be divided into two major groups: a, d, and g; and b, c, e, and f. No similar grouping of serotypes was indicated by the chemical and morphological properties of SPs.

50 CFR 29.21-2 - Application procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) State of local governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof except as to rights-of-way... schedule: (A) For linear facilities (e.g., powerlines, pipelines, roads, etc.). Length Payment Less than 5... application includes both linear and nonlinear facilities, payment will be the aggregate of amounts under...

50 CFR 29.21-2 - Application procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) State of local governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof except as to rights-of-way... schedule: (A) For linear facilities (e.g., powerlines, pipelines, roads, etc.). Length Payment Less than 5... application includes both linear and nonlinear facilities, payment will be the aggregate of amounts under...

Biochemical and microstructural Ccharacteristics of insoluble and soluble dietary fiber prepared from mushroom sclerotia of Pleurotus tuber-regium, Polyporus rhinocerus, and Wolfiporia cocos.

PubMed

Wong, Ka-Hing; Cheung, Peter C K; Wu, Jin-Zhong

2003-11-19

The proximate composition of sclerotia of Pleurotus tuber-regium, Polyporus rhinoceros, and Wolfiporia cocos, together with the yield, purity, monosaccharide profile, and microstructure of their insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) fractions prepared from AOAC enzymatic-gravimetric methods were investigated and compared. All three sclerotia were typical carbohydrate rich sclerotia [ranging from 90.5 to 98.1% dry matter (DM)] with an exceptionally low amount of crude lipid content (ranging from 0.02 to 0.14% DM). Besides, all three sclerotia possessed substantial amounts of IDF (ranging from 77.4 to 94.6% DM) with notably high levels of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) (89.9-92.2% DM) in which glucose was the predominant sugar residue (90.6-97.2% of NSP DM). On the contrary, both the yield (only ranging from 1.45 to 2.50% DM) and the amount of NSP (ranging from 22.4 to 29.6% DM) of the three sclerotial SDF fractions were very low. Scanning electron micrographs showed fragments of interwoven hyphae and insoluble materials in the three sclerotial IDF fractions, but only an amorphous structure of soluble materials was observed in the SDF fractions. The potential use of these fiber preparations was discussed.

Comparative Analysis of Flower Volatiles from Nine Citrus at Three Blooming Stages

PubMed Central

Azam, Muhammad; Song, Min; Fan, Fangjuan; Zhang, Bo; Xu, Yaying; Xu, Changjie; Chen, Kunsong

2013-01-01

Volatiles from flowers at three blooming stages of nine citrus cultivars were analyzed by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-GC-MS. Up to 110 volatiles were detected, with 42 tentatively identified from citrus flowers for the first time. Highest amounts of volatiles were present in fully opened flowers of most citrus, except for pomelos. All cultivars were characterized by a high percentage of either oxygenated monoterpenes or monoterpene hydrocarbons, and the presence of a high percentage of nitrogen containing compounds was also observed. Flower volatiles varied qualitatively and quantitatively among citrus types during blooming. Limonene was the most abundant flower volatile only in citrons; α-citral and β-citral ranked 2nd and 3rd only for Bergamot, and unopened flowers of Ponkan had a higher amount of linalool and β-pinene while much lower amount of γ-terpinene and p-cymene than Satsuma. Taking the average of all cultivars, linalool and limonene were the top two volatiles for all blooming stages; β-pinene ranked 3rd in unopened flowers, while indole ranked 3rd for half opened and fully opened flower volatiles. As flowers bloomed, methyl anthranilate increased while 2-hexenal and p-cymene decreased. In some cases, a volatile could be high in both unopened and fully opened flowers but low in half opened ones. Through multivariate analysis, the nine citrus cultivars were clustered into three groups, consistent with the three true citrus types. Furthermore, an influence of blooming stages on clustering was observed, especially with hybrids Satsuma and Huyou. Altogether, it was suggested that flower volatiles can be suitable markers for revealing the genetic relationships between citrus cultivars but the same blooming stage needs to be strictly controlled. PMID:24232454

Comparative analysis of flower volatiles from nine citrus at three blooming stages.

PubMed

Azam, Muhammad; Song, Min; Fan, Fangjuan; Zhang, Bo; Xu, Yaying; Xu, Changjie; Chen, Kunsong

2013-11-13

Volatiles from flowers at three blooming stages of nine citrus cultivars were analyzed by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-GC-MS. Up to 110 volatiles were detected, with 42 tentatively identified from citrus flowers for the first time. Highest amounts of volatiles were present in fully opened flowers of most citrus, except for pomelos. All cultivars were characterized by a high percentage of either oxygenated monoterpenes or monoterpene hydrocarbons, and the presence of a high percentage of nitrogen containing compounds was also observed. Flower volatiles varied qualitatively and quantitatively among citrus types during blooming. Limonene was the most abundant flower volatile only in citrons; α-citral and β-citral ranked 2nd and 3rd only for Bergamot, and unopened flowers of Ponkan had a higher amount of linalool and β-pinene while much lower amount of γ-terpinene and p-cymene than Satsuma. Taking the average of all cultivars, linalool and limonene were the top two volatiles for all blooming stages; β-pinene ranked 3rd in unopened flowers, while indole ranked 3rd for half opened and fully opened flower volatiles. As flowers bloomed, methyl anthranilate increased while 2-hexenal and p-cymene decreased. In some cases, a volatile could be high in both unopened and fully opened flowers but low in half opened ones. Through multivariate analysis, the nine citrus cultivars were clustered into three groups, consistent with the three true citrus types. Furthermore, an influence of blooming stages on clustering was observed, especially with hybrids Satsuma and Huyou. Altogether, it was suggested that flower volatiles can be suitable markers for revealing the genetic relationships between citrus cultivars but the same blooming stage needs to be strictly controlled.

Irvingia gabonensis fat: nutritional properties and effect of increasing amounts on the growth and lipid metabolism of young rats wistar sp.

PubMed

Nangue, Thierry Joël; Womeni, Hilaire Macaire; Mbiapo, Felicite Tchouanguep; Fanni, Jacques; Michel, Linder

2011-03-04

Dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are generally considered to increase plasma cholesterol. It has also been claimed that they increase cardio-vascular disease, although the claim that some of SFAs can increase HDL-cholesterol is poorly documented. Irvingia gabonensis kernels after being dried and crushed they are generally used to prepare a sticky and aromatic soup very much consumed in Cameroun and West Africa countries. This study was therefore aimed at evaluating the effects of dika nut fat on the growing and lipids metabolism of young rats. For The nutritional evaluation related to the performances of growth and the analysis of increasing amounts of dika nut fat (0; 5.1; 7.34 and 13.48%) in young rats of wistar sp. The animals were taken individually out of metabolic cage for each ration 5 repetitions per sex (males and females) were carried out. The results obtained during the 3 weeks of treatment shows that the performances of consumption were positive. A highly significant increase (P<0.01) of serum cholesterol and triglycerides in the high dose fat groups (13.48%) of dika fat were observed compared to control groups. However, this rise of cholesterol is due to that of HDL-cholesterol without any change in the quantity of LDL-Receptor. In parallel, the weight of the vital organ did not vary much compared to control, except for males where we observed a significantly reduction (P<0.01) in the weight of the liver for the three diet tests. This study shows that the increasing amount of dika nut fat alter significantly cholesterol and triglyceride at high dose diet, but also increase HDL-cholesterol. © 2011 Nangue et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Development and validation of a food photography manual, as a tool for estimation of food portion size in epidemiological dietary surveys in Tunisia

PubMed Central

Bouchoucha, Mongia; Akrout, Mouna; Bellali, Hédia; Bouchoucha, Rim; Tarhouni, Fadwa; Mansour, Abderraouf Ben; Zouari, Béchir

2016-01-01

Background Estimation of food portion sizes has always been a challenge in dietary studies on free-living individuals. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a food photography manual to improve the accuracy of the estimated size of consumed food portions. Methods A manual was compiled from digital photos of foods commonly consumed by the Tunisian population. The food was cooked and weighed before taking digital photographs of three portion sizes. The manual was validated by comparing the method of 24-hour recall (using photos) to the reference method [food weighing (FW)]. In both the methods, the comparison focused on food intake amounts as well as nutritional issues. Validity was assessed by Bland–Altman limits of agreement. In total, 31 male and female volunteers aged 9–89 participated in the study. Results We focused on eight food categories and compared their estimated amounts (using the 24-hour recall method) to those actually consumed (using FW). Animal products and sweets were underestimated, whereas pasta, bread, vegetables, fruits, and dairy products were overestimated. However, the difference between the two methods is not statistically significant except for pasta (p<0.05) and dairy products (p<0.05). The coefficient of correlation between the two methods is highly significant, ranging from 0.876 for pasta to 0.989 for dairy products. Nutrient intake calculated for both methods showed insignificant differences except for fat (p<0.001) and dietary fiber (p<0.05). A highly significant correlation was observed between the two methods for all micronutrients. The test agreement highlights the lack of difference between the two methods. Conclusion The difference between the 24-hour recall method using digital photos and the weighing method is acceptable. Our findings indicate that the food photography manual can be a useful tool for quantifying food portion sizes in epidemiological dietary surveys. PMID:27585631

Development and validation of a food photography manual, as a tool for estimation of food portion size in epidemiological dietary surveys in Tunisia.

PubMed

Bouchoucha, Mongia; Akrout, Mouna; Bellali, Hédia; Bouchoucha, Rim; Tarhouni, Fadwa; Mansour, Abderraouf Ben; Zouari, Béchir

2016-01-01

Background Estimation of food portion sizes has always been a challenge in dietary studies on free-living individuals. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a food photography manual to improve the accuracy of the estimated size of consumed food portions. Methods A manual was compiled from digital photos of foods commonly consumed by the Tunisian population. The food was cooked and weighed before taking digital photographs of three portion sizes. The manual was validated by comparing the method of 24-hour recall (using photos) to the reference method [food weighing (FW)]. In both the methods, the comparison focused on food intake amounts as well as nutritional issues. Validity was assessed by Bland-Altman limits of agreement. In total, 31 male and female volunteers aged 9-89 participated in the study. Results We focused on eight food categories and compared their estimated amounts (using the 24-hour recall method) to those actually consumed (using FW). Animal products and sweets were underestimated, whereas pasta, bread, vegetables, fruits, and dairy products were overestimated. However, the difference between the two methods is not statistically significant except for pasta (p<0.05) and dairy products (p<0.05). The coefficient of correlation between the two methods is highly significant, ranging from 0.876 for pasta to 0.989 for dairy products. Nutrient intake calculated for both methods showed insignificant differences except for fat (p<0.001) and dietary fiber (p<0.05). A highly significant correlation was observed between the two methods for all micronutrients. The test agreement highlights the lack of difference between the two methods. Conclusion The difference between the 24-hour recall method using digital photos and the weighing method is acceptable. Our findings indicate that the food photography manual can be a useful tool for quantifying food portion sizes in epidemiological dietary surveys.

Development and validation of a food photography manual, as a tool for estimation of food portion size in epidemiological dietary surveys in Tunisia.

PubMed

Bouchoucha, Mongia; Akrout, Mouna; Bellali, Hédia; Bouchoucha, Rim; Tarhouni, Fadwa; Mansour, Abderraouf Ben; Zouari, Béchir

2016-01-01

Estimation of food portion sizes has always been a challenge in dietary studies on free-living individuals. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a food photography manual to improve the accuracy of the estimated size of consumed food portions. A manual was compiled from digital photos of foods commonly consumed by the Tunisian population. The food was cooked and weighed before taking digital photographs of three portion sizes. The manual was validated by comparing the method of 24-hour recall (using photos) to the reference method [food weighing (FW)]. In both the methods, the comparison focused on food intake amounts as well as nutritional issues. Validity was assessed by Bland-Altman limits of agreement. In total, 31 male and female volunteers aged 9-89 participated in the study. We focused on eight food categories and compared their estimated amounts (using the 24-hour recall method) to those actually consumed (using FW). Animal products and sweets were underestimated, whereas pasta, bread, vegetables, fruits, and dairy products were overestimated. However, the difference between the two methods is not statistically significant except for pasta (p<0.05) and dairy products (p<0.05). The coefficient of correlation between the two methods is highly significant, ranging from 0.876 for pasta to 0.989 for dairy products. Nutrient intake calculated for both methods showed insignificant differences except for fat (p<0.001) and dietary fiber (p<0.05). A highly significant correlation was observed between the two methods for all micronutrients. The test agreement highlights the lack of difference between the two methods. The difference between the 24-hour recall method using digital photos and the weighing method is acceptable. Our findings indicate that the food photography manual can be a useful tool for quantifying food portion sizes in epidemiological dietary surveys.

Effects of defaunation on fermentation characteristics and biotin balance in an artificial rumen-simulation system (RUSITEC) receiving diets with different amounts and types of cereal.

PubMed

Abel, H; Schröder, B; Lebzien, P; Flachowsky, G

2006-01-01

Biotin is required by rumen microbes for efficient fermentation. To evaluate the role of protozoa in ruminal biotin metabolism, five diets composed of grass hay or of grass hay/cereal grain mixtures were supplied to faunated or defaunated RUSITEC fermenters. In the mixed diets, hay was replaced to 33:67 or 67:33 w/w on an air-dried basis by either wheat or maize grain in order to simulate different cellulolytic and amylolytic fermentation conditions. Defaunation increased SCFA production, whereas NH4 concentration and the release of CH4 were reduced. Biotin input declined when cereal grain was used to replace the hay. With the exception of the high-wheat treatment, defaunated fermenters yielded higher biotin outputs than faunated fermenters. The biotin balance, calculated as the difference between the total biotin output (biotin in the solid residue contained in the nylon bags after fermentation plus the biotin in the effluent) and the biotin input with the feed, was negative for all the dietary treatments apart from fermenters supplied with the high-maize diet. It was less negative or, in the case of the high-maize diets, more positive for defaunated compared with faunated fermenters. It was concluded that, under normal faunated conditions, protozoa directly utilise or indirectly affect the bacterial synthesis and/or utilisation of biotin. With diets of a high fermentation potential, as realised with the high-wheat diet, protozoa prevent the development of a bacterial population that would utilise high or synthesise low amounts of biotin.

Factors affecting the estimation of the relative amount of chromophore and chromophore area by the two-wavelength method of Patau and Ornstein.

PubMed

Van Oostveldt, P; Boeken, G

1976-05-28

Factors influencing the calculation of the relative amount of chromophore and the chromophore area by the two-wavelength method are examined. The study was carried out with the help of models and further tested on Feulgen stained preparations. Except for certain restrictions the difference between the chromophore area as calculated from the two transmissions measurements and the chromophore area obtained by planimetry can be used as a guide for determining the proper measuring conditions, including the choise of the two wavelengths.

21 CFR 73.250 - Fruit juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Foods § 73.250 Fruit juice. (a) Identity. (1) The color additive fruit... amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice, except that it may not be used to color foods for...

21 CFR 73.250 - Fruit juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Foods § 73.250 Fruit juice. (a) Identity. (1) The color additive fruit... amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice, except that it may not be used to color foods for...

21 CFR 73.250 - Fruit juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Foods § 73.250 Fruit juice. (a) Identity. (1) The color additive fruit... amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice, except that it may not be used to color foods for...

40 CFR 98.348 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Municipal Solid Waste Landfills § 98.348 Definitions. Except as specified in this... contained in landfill gas. Industrial waste landfill means any landfill other than a municipal solid waste... capacity means the maximum amount of solid waste a landfill can accept. For the purposes of this subpart...

Monodisperse Ultrasmall Manganese-Doped Multimetallic Oxysulfide Nanoparticles as Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst.

PubMed

Zhang, Yingying; Wang, Xiang; Hu, Dandan; Xue, Chaozhuang; Wang, Wei; Yang, Huajun; Li, Dongsheng; Wu, Tao

2018-04-25

The highly efficient and cheap non-Pt-based electrocatalysts such as transition-based catalysts prepared via facile methods for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are desirable for large-scale practical industry applications in energy conversion and storage systems. Herein, we report a straightforward top-down synthesis of monodisperse ultrasmall manganese-doped multimetallic (ZnGe) oxysulfide nanoparticles (NPs) as an efficient ORR electrocatalyst by simple ultrasonic treatment of the Mn-doped Zn-Ge-S chalcogenidometalate crystal precursors in H 2 O/EtOH for only 1 h at room temperature. Thus obtained ultrasmall monodisperse Mn-doped oxysulfide NPs with ultralow Mn loading level (3.92 wt %) not only exhibit comparable onset and half-wave potential (0.92 and 0.86 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode, respectively) to the commercial 20 wt % Pt/C but also exceptionally high metal mass activity (189 mA/mg at 0.8 V) and good methanol tolerance. A combination of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical analysis demonstrated that the homogenous distribution of a large amount of Mn(III) on the surface of NPs mainly accounts for the high ORR activity. We believe that this simple synthesis of Mn-doped multimetallic (ZnGe) oxysulfide NPs derived from chalcogenidometalates will open a new route to explore the utilization of discrete-cluster-based chalcogenidometalates as novel non-Pt electrocatalysts for energy applications and provide a facile way to realize the effective reduction of the amount of catalyst while keeping desired catalytic performances.

Effect of multiple short highly energetic X-ray pulses on the synthesis of endoglucanase by a mutant strain of Trichoderma reesei-M7.

PubMed

Gemishev, Orlin; Zapryanov, Stanislav; Blagoev, Alexander; Markova, Maya; Savov, Valentin

2014-09-03

Bioconversion of cellulose-containing substrate to glucose represents an important area of modern biotechnology. Enzymes for the degradation of the polysaccharide part of biomass have been produced, mostly by fungi belonging to genus Trichoderma . Studies were carried out with the mutant strain Trichoderma reesei- M7, a cellulase producer. Spores of the enzyme producer were irradiated with different doses of characteristic X-ray radiation from metallic tungsten (mainly the W Kα1 and Kα2 lines) with a high dose rate. The latter is a specific property of the dense plasma focus (DPF) device, which has pulsed operation and thus gives short and highly energetic pulses of multiple types of rays and particles. In this case, we focused our study on the influence of hard X-rays. The doses of X-rays absorbed by the spores varied in the range of approximately 5-11,000 mSv measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD). The influence of the applied doses in combination with exceptionally high dose rates (in the order of tens of millisieverts per microsecond) on the activity of the produced endoglucanase, amount of biomass and extra-cellular protein, was studied in batch cultivation conditions. In the dose range of 200-1200 mSv, some enhancement of endoglucanase activity was obtained: around 18%-32%, despite the drop of the biomass amount, compared with the untreated material.

Effect of multiple short highly energetic X-ray pulses on the synthesis of endoglucanase by a mutant strain of Trichoderma reesei-M7

PubMed Central

Gemishev, Orlin; Zapryanov, Stanislav; Blagoev, Alexander; Markova, Maya; Savov, Valentin

2014-01-01

Bioconversion of cellulose-containing substrate to glucose represents an important area of modern biotechnology. Enzymes for the degradation of the polysaccharide part of biomass have been produced, mostly by fungi belonging to genus Trichoderma. Studies were carried out with the mutant strain Trichoderma reesei-M7, a cellulase producer. Spores of the enzyme producer were irradiated with different doses of characteristic X-ray radiation from metallic tungsten (mainly the W Kα1 and Kα2 lines) with a high dose rate. The latter is a specific property of the dense plasma focus (DPF) device, which has pulsed operation and thus gives short and highly energetic pulses of multiple types of rays and particles. In this case, we focused our study on the influence of hard X-rays. The doses of X-rays absorbed by the spores varied in the range of approximately 5–11,000 mSv measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD). The influence of the applied doses in combination with exceptionally high dose rates (in the order of tens of millisieverts per microsecond) on the activity of the produced endoglucanase, amount of biomass and extra-cellular protein, was studied in batch cultivation conditions. In the dose range of 200–1200 mSv, some enhancement of endoglucanase activity was obtained: around 18%–32%, despite the drop of the biomass amount, compared with the untreated material. PMID:26019569

Environment and genotype effects on antioxidant properties of organically grown wheat varieties: a 3-year study.

PubMed

Di Silvestro, Raffaella; Di Loreto, Alessandro; Bosi, Sara; Bregola, Valeria; Marotti, Ilaria; Benedettelli, Stefano; Segura-Carretero, Antonio; Dinelli, Giovanni

2017-01-01

Wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L.) possesses significant amounts of antioxidants that contribute to the dietary antiradical protection against a number of chronic diseases. Despite the increasing interest in organic food among both consumers and scientists, the availability of literature studies concerning the environment effect under organic management is still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of wheat varieties by considering the genotype response to different environmental factors under biodynamic management. The soluble fraction of phenolic compounds was mainly determined by the environment, whereas a major genotypic effect was observed for the bound forms, which were present at higher amounts in red grain varieties. Moreover, a predominant effect of genotype was observed for yellow pigment content and antioxidant activity determined by the FRAP method. Despite some changes induced by environment, most genotypes had stable antioxidant properties and different phenolic profiles as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, except for the old variety Inallettabile, which was the most sensitive to environmental fluctuations. The red grain varieties Andriolo, Gentil rosso and Verna were identified as the most promising breeding material for the development of varieties with high nutraceutical value under low-input management. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Spatial distribution of the largest rainfall-runoff floods from basins between 2.6 and 26,000 km2 in the United States and Puerto Rico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Connor, Jim E.; Costa, John E.

2004-01-01

We assess the spatial distribution of the largest rainfall-generated streamflows from a database of 35,663 flow records composed of the largest 10% of annual peak flows from each of 14,815 U.S. Geological Survey stream gaging stations in the United States and Puerto Rico. High unit discharges (peak discharge per unit contributing area) from basins with areas of 2.6 to 26,000 km2 (1-10,000 mi2) are widespread, but streams in Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and Texas together account for more than 50% of the highest unit discharges. The Appalachians and western flanks of Pacific coastal mountain systems are also regions of high unit discharges, as are several areas in the southern Midwest. By contrast, few exceptional discharges have been recorded in the interior West, northern Midwest, and Atlantic Coastal Plain. Most areas of high unit discharges result from the combination of (1) regional atmospheric conditions that produce large precipitation volumes and (2) steep topography, which enhances precipitation by convective and orographic processes and allows flow to be quickly concentrated into stream channels. Within the conterminous United States, the greatest concentration of exceptional unit discharges is at the Balcones Escarpment of central Texas, where maximum U.S. rainfall amounts apparently coincide with appropriate basin physiography to produce many of the largest measured U.S. floods. Flood-related fatalities broadly correspond to the spatial distribution of high unit discharges, with Texas having nearly twice the average annual flood-related fatalities of any other state.

Geology and ground-water resources of Waushara County, Wisconsin

USGS Publications Warehouse

Summers, William Kelly

1965-01-01

Abundant ground water for irrigation is available in the outwash deposits in western Waushara County, and many more large-capacity wells can be developed in these deposits without seriously lowering the water level. Pumping for irrigation temporarily lowers water levels in the vicinity of the wells but has not lowered regional water levels. Pumpage has probably intercepted and utilized some of the recharge that would have been rapidly discharged from the aquifer. Ground water is continuously being discharged to streams and to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration, but intermittent recharge from precipitation replaces the discharged water. Recharge and discharge are in approximate balance, maintaining about the same amount of ground water in storage. Further recharge to the aquifer is rapidly discharged to streams. The sandstones, till, and glaciolacustrine deposits in Waushara County generally yield small to moderate amounts of water to wells but do not produce enough water for irrigation ; recent alluvium may yield large quantities of water to wells. In general, the ground water is of good quality, except for hardness and local high-iron concentrations.

Assessment of the characteristic of nutrients, total metals, and fecal coliform in Sibu Laut River, Sarawak, Malaysia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soo, Chen-Lin; Ling, Teck-Yee; Lee, Nyanti; Apun, Kasing

2016-03-01

The concentrations of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), total metals, and fecal coliform (FC) coupling with chlorophyll- a (chl- a), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and other general environmental parameters were evaluated at the sub-surface and near-bottom water columns of 13 stations in the Sibu Laut River during low and high slack waters. The results indicated that inorganic nitrogen (mainly nitrate) was the primary form of nitrogen whereas organic phosphorus was the major form of phosphorus. The abundance of total heavy metals in Sibu Laut River and its tributaries was in the order of Pb < Cu < Zn < Cd. Fecal coliform concentration was relatively low along Sibu Laut River. The shrimp farm effluents contributed a substantial amount of chl- a, BOD5, nutrients, and FC to the receiving creek except for total metals. Nevertheless, the influence was merely noticeable in the intake creek and amended rapidly along Selang Sibu River and brought minimal effects on the Sibu Laut River. Besides, the domestic sewage effluents from villages nearby also contributed a substantial amount of pollutants.

22 CFR 1203.735-217 - Requesting exceptions from certain statutory prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., and the Director for ICA. The request will describe the particular matter giving rise to the conflict of interest, the nature and extent of the employee's anticipated participation in the particular matter, and the exact nature and amount of the financial interest related to the particular matter. (b...

Government: Senate Generous on Agency Research Budgets.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Long, Janice

1980-01-01

Discussed is the senate's 1981 research and development appropriations. The senate has approved research funding levels higher than both the amount requested by the House and the Administration except in the case of the Environmental Protection Agency. Research agencies discussed are NASA, Energy, NSF, Commerce, and ERA. (Author/DS)

5 CFR 1639.23 - Hearing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Hearing. 1639.23 Section 1639.23... Hearing. (a) Request for hearing. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, an employee who desires a hearing concerning the existence or amount of the debt or the proposed offset schedule must send...

5 CFR 1639.23 - Hearing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Hearing. 1639.23 Section 1639.23... Hearing. (a) Request for hearing. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, an employee who desires a hearing concerning the existence or amount of the debt or the proposed offset schedule must send...

5 CFR 1639.23 - Hearing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Hearing. 1639.23 Section 1639.23... Hearing. (a) Request for hearing. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, an employee who desires a hearing concerning the existence or amount of the debt or the proposed offset schedule must send...

5 CFR 1639.23 - Hearing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Hearing. 1639.23 Section 1639.23... Hearing. (a) Request for hearing. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, an employee who desires a hearing concerning the existence or amount of the debt or the proposed offset schedule must send...

29 CFR 778.415 - The statutory provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... POLICY OR INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS OVERTIME COMPENSATION Exceptions From the Regular Rate Principles Computing Overtime Pay on the Rate Applicable to the Type of Work Performed in... performance of the work, the amount paid to the employee for the number of hours worked by him in such...

36 CFR 223.61 - Establishing minimum stumpage rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Timber Sale Contracts Appraisal and Pricing.... No timber may be sold or cut under timber sale contracts for less than minimum stumpage rates except... amounts of material not meeting utilization standards of the timber sale contract. For any timber sale...

24 CFR 570.208 - Criteria for national objectives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... an activity that retains jobs, the recipient must document that the jobs would actually be lost... due to the insufficiency of the amount of the available funds, restrictions on the use of such funds...- and moderate-income persons to be considered is the creation or retention of jobs, except as provided...

24 CFR 570.208 - Criteria for national objectives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... an activity that retains jobs, the recipient must document that the jobs would actually be lost... due to the insufficiency of the amount of the available funds, restrictions on the use of such funds...- and moderate-income persons to be considered is the creation or retention of jobs, except as provided...

24 CFR 570.208 - Criteria for national objectives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... an activity that retains jobs, the recipient must document that the jobs would actually be lost... due to the insufficiency of the amount of the available funds, restrictions on the use of such funds...- and moderate-income persons to be considered is the creation or retention of jobs, except as provided...

24 CFR 570.208 - Criteria for national objectives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... an activity that retains jobs, the recipient must document that the jobs would actually be lost... due to the insufficiency of the amount of the available funds, restrictions on the use of such funds...- and moderate-income persons to be considered is the creation or retention of jobs, except as provided...

21 CFR 73.40 - Dehydrated beets (beet powder).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... mixtures for coloring foods. (b) Specifications. The color additive shall conform to the following... used for the coloring of foods generally in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice, except... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Dehydrated beets (beet powder). 73.40 Section 73...

21 CFR 73.340 - Paprika.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... additive mixtures for coloring foods. (b) Uses and restrictions. Paprika may be safely used for the coloring of foods generally, in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice, except that it may not... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Paprika. 73.340 Section 73.340 Food and Drugs FOOD...

21 CFR 73.300 - Carrot oil.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... in color additive mixtures for coloring foods. (b) Specifications. Carrot oil shall contain no more... coloring foods generally, in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice, except that it may not be... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Carrot oil. 73.300 Section 73.300 Food and Drugs...

20 CFR 416.2025 - Optional supplementation: Countable income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... income on payment amounts. Countable income of an eligible individual or eligible couple is determined in... eligible individual or eligible couple. In the case of an eligible individual living with an ineligible... countable income will be deducted is the Federal benefit rate applicable to an eligible couple, except that...

26 CFR 31.6051-1 - Statements for employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... paragraph (f) of this section for an exception for employers filing composite returns from the requirement..., and (h) The total amount paid to the employee under section 3507 (relating to advance payment of... section 3507 (relating to advance payment of earned income credit). See paragraph (d) of this section for...

26 CFR 31.6051-1 - Statements for employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... paragraph (f) of this section for an exception for employers filing composite returns from the requirement..., and (h) The total amount paid to the employee under section 3507 (relating to advance payment of... section 3507 (relating to advance payment of earned income credit). See paragraph (d) of this section for...

26 CFR 31.6051-1 - Statements for employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... paragraph (f) of this section for an exception for employers filing composite returns from the requirement..., and (h) The total amount paid to the employee under section 3507 (relating to advance payment of... section 3507 (relating to advance payment of earned income credit). See paragraph (d) of this section for...

26 CFR 53.4942(a)-3 - Qualifying distributions defined.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... showing the distributable amounts determined under section 4942(d) for any past taxable years in the... made as of the close of the taxable year in question, except to the extent that a different... a private foundation borrows money in a particular taxable year to make expenditures for a specific...

40 CFR 82.12 - Transfers of allowances for class I controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) PROTECTION OF STRATOSPHERIC OZONE Production and Consumption Controls...) Until January 1, 1996, for all class I controlled substances, except for Group VI, and until January 1... amount of the transferor's consumption allowances or production allowances, and effective January 1, 1995...

Teacher Instruction as a Predictor for Student Engagement and Disruptive Behaviors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott, Terrance M.; Hirn, Regina G.; Alter, Peter J.

2014-01-01

Effective instruction is a critical predictor of student achievement. As students with exceptionalities such as emotional and behavioral disorders and learning disabilities, who typically struggle with academic achievement, spend increasing amounts of general education settings, the need for precise instructional behaviors becomes more imperative.…

5 CFR 1639.23 - Hearing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Hearing. 1639.23 Section 1639.23... Hearing. (a) Request for hearing. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, an employee who desires a hearing concerning the existence or amount of the debt or the proposed offset schedule must send...

Television viewing and physical activity among Latino children

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Watching television and using other forms of media such as video games, computers, print, music and movies takes up a surprisingly large amount of our children’s time. U.S. children spend more time watching television than any other activity except sleep. According to a recent nationwide report on c...

19 CFR 351.203 - Determination of sufficiency of petition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... petition (including the determination that a petition is supported by the domestic industry), the deadline... Secretary may, in exceptional circumstances, extend the 20-day period by the amount of time necessary to... (Countervailing Duty) Investigation.” The Secretary will notify the Commission at the time of initiation of the...

19 CFR 351.203 - Determination of sufficiency of petition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... petition (including the determination that a petition is supported by the domestic industry), the deadline... Secretary may, in exceptional circumstances, extend the 20-day period by the amount of time necessary to... (Countervailing Duty) Investigation.” The Secretary will notify the Commission at the time of initiation of the...

46 CFR 252.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...-differential subsidy (ODS) means, except as the operator and the United States government should agree upon a... contracts with the United States government under Title VI of the Act to receive ODS. (m) Reduced crew... for determining the amount of ODS that is to be paid for an item of subsidizable expense. (q...

7 CFR 765.351 - Requirements to obtain Agency consent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... all transactions affecting real estate: (1) The transaction will enhance the objectives for which the... result in full repayment of the loan. (b) Sale of timber, gravel, oil, gas, coal, or other minerals. (1..., gravel, oil, gas, coal, or other minerals, except small amounts used by the borrower for ordinary...

32 CFR Appendix to Part 277 - Program Fraud Civil Remedies

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... official. O. Ex parte Contacts No party or person (except employees of the presiding officer's office... appropriate amount of any such civil penalty or assessment considering any aggravating or mitigating factors. 2. The authority shall prove defendant's liability and any aggravating factors by a preponderance of...

32 CFR Appendix to Part 277 - Program Fraud Civil Remedies

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... official. O. Ex parte Contacts No party or person (except employees of the presiding officer's office... appropriate amount of any such civil penalty or assessment considering any aggravating or mitigating factors. 2. The authority shall prove defendant's liability and any aggravating factors by a preponderance of...

32 CFR Appendix to Part 277 - Program Fraud Civil Remedies

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... official. O. Ex parte Contacts No party or person (except employees of the presiding officer's office... appropriate amount of any such civil penalty or assessment considering any aggravating or mitigating factors. 2. The authority shall prove defendant's liability and any aggravating factors by a preponderance of...

32 CFR Appendix to Part 277 - Program Fraud Civil Remedies

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... official. O. Ex parte Contacts No party or person (except employees of the presiding officer's office... appropriate amount of any such civil penalty or assessment considering any aggravating or mitigating factors. 2. The authority shall prove defendant's liability and any aggravating factors by a preponderance of...

32 CFR Appendix to Part 277 - Program Fraud Civil Remedies

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... official. O. Ex parte Contacts No party or person (except employees of the presiding officer's office... appropriate amount of any such civil penalty or assessment considering any aggravating or mitigating factors. 2. The authority shall prove defendant's liability and any aggravating factors by a preponderance of...

11 CFR 100.152 - Fundraising costs for Presidential candidates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... 100.152 Section 100.152 Federal Elections FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION GENERAL SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS (2 U.S.C. 431) Exceptions to Expenditures § 100.152 Fundraising costs for Presidential candidates. (a... exempt fundraising activities under 11 CFR 110.8(c)(2), plus (2) An amount of costs that would otherwise...

45 CFR 1080.7 - Funding of Indian tribes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... amount that bears the same ratio to all the funds allocated under this section as the tribe's poverty population bears to the total poverty population of all tribes funded under this section, except that no... section, an Indian tribe's poverty population shall be calculated by multiplying the tribe's overall...

45 CFR 1080.7 - Funding of Indian tribes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... amount that bears the same ratio to all the funds allocated under this section as the tribe's poverty population bears to the total poverty population of all tribes funded under this section, except that no... section, an Indian tribe's poverty population shall be calculated by multiplying the tribe's overall...

45 CFR 1080.7 - Funding of Indian tribes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... amount that bears the same ratio to all the funds allocated under this section as the tribe's poverty population bears to the total poverty population of all tribes funded under this section, except that no... section, an Indian tribe's poverty population shall be calculated by multiplying the tribe's overall...

45 CFR 1080.7 - Funding of Indian tribes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... amount that bears the same ratio to all the funds allocated under this section as the tribe's poverty population bears to the total poverty population of all tribes funded under this section, except that no... section, an Indian tribe's poverty population shall be calculated by multiplying the tribe's overall...

21 CFR 516.1318 - Masitinib.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS... chapter. (c) Conditions of use in dogs—(1) Amount. 12.5 mg/kilograms (5.7 mg/lb) of body weight daily. (2... mast cell tumors in dogs that have not previously received radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy except...

26 CFR 1.263A-1 - Uniform capitalization of costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... costs. Engineering and design costs include pre-production costs, such as costs attributable to research, experimental, engineering, and design activities (to the extent that such amounts are not research and... customer demand. (9) Research and experimental expenditures. See section 263A(c)(2) for an exception for...

26 CFR 1.263A-1 - Uniform capitalization of costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... costs. Engineering and design costs include pre-production costs, such as costs attributable to research, experimental, engineering, and design activities (to the extent that such amounts are not research and... customer demand. (9) Research and experimental expenditures. See section 263A(c)(2) for an exception for...

26 CFR 1.263A-1 - Uniform capitalization of costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... costs. Engineering and design costs include pre-production costs, such as costs attributable to research, experimental, engineering, and design activities (to the extent that such amounts are not research and... customer demand. (9) Research and experimental expenditures. See section 263A(c)(2) for an exception for...

45 CFR 1080.7 - Funding of Indian tribes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... amount that bears the same ratio to all the funds allocated under this section as the tribe's poverty population bears to the total poverty population of all tribes funded under this section, except that no... section, an Indian tribe's poverty population shall be calculated by multiplying the tribe's overall...

42 CFR 1003.103 - Amount of penalty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...)(7) relating to printed media, and a penalty of not more than $25,000 in the case of such misuse..., utilization review, medical social work, or administrative services; or (ii) Employs or contracts with any... reasonably be expected to have the effect of denying or discouraging enrollment (except as permitted by...

42 CFR 1003.103 - Amount of penalty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...)(7) relating to printed media, and a penalty of not more than $25,000 in the case of such misuse..., utilization review, medical social work, or administrative services; or (ii) Employs or contracts with any... reasonably be expected to have the effect of denying or discouraging enrollment (except as permitted by...

42 CFR 1003.103 - Amount of penalty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...)(7) relating to printed media, and a penalty of not more than $25,000 in the case of such misuse..., utilization review, medical social work, or administrative services; or (ii) Employs or contracts with any... reasonably be expected to have the effect of denying or discouraging enrollment (except as permitted by...

17 CFR 450.4 - Custodial holdings of government securities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... appropriate regulatory agency that expressly govern securities lending practices. (b)(1) Except as otherwise... security (or the amount of each issue of a government security issued in book-entry form) held for the.... (d) Counts of government securities held for customers in both definitive and book-entry form shall...

26 CFR 1.336-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 355(d)(2) or (e)(2). (i) Old target—deemed asset disposition. (A) In general. (B) Gains and losses. (1) Gains. (2) Losses. (i) In general. (ii) Stock distributions. (iii) Amount and allocation of disallowed.... (2) Exception. (B) Gains and losses. (1) Gains. (2) Losses. (i) In general. (ii) Stock distributions...

24 CFR 982.608 - Congregate housing: Voucher housing assistance payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT SECTION 8 TENANT BASED ASSISTANCE: HOUSING CHOICE VOUCHER PROGRAM Special... the zero-bedroom payment standard amount on the PHA payment standard schedule. For a family residing in congregate housing in an exception area, the payment standard is the HUD-approved zero-bedroom...

Geology and ground-water resources of Hays County, Texas

USGS Publications Warehouse

DeCook, Kenneth James

1963-01-01

Ground water from wells in the Pearsall formation generally contains less than 500 parts per million of dissolved solids. Water from the Glen Rose limestone in some places contains more than 500 parts per million of sulfate and more than 1,000 parts per million of dissolved solids; locally it is high in nitrate also. Except in the southeastern part of the county, water from the Edwards limestone is commonly very hard but is otherwise of good quality for most uses. Analyses of two water samples from the Austin chalk indicate a high content of bicarbonate. Water from the Taylor marl and from Quaternary sediments generally is hard, and locally it contains excessive nitrate. Most wells in Hays County are used for domestic and stock supplies. About 20 wells, most of them in the Edwards limestone, yield water in relatively large amounts for industrial use, irrigation, or public supplies.

Investigation of surface potentials in reduced graphene oxide flake by Kelvin probe force microscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Negishi, Ryota; Takashima, Kai; Kobayashi, Yoshihiro

2018-06-01

The surface potential (SP) of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) flakes prepared by thermal treatments of GO under several conditions was analyzed by Kelvin probe force microscopy. The low-crystalline rGO flakes in which a significant amount of oxygen functional groups and structural defects remain have a much lower SP than mechanically exfoliated graphene free from oxygen and defects. On the other hand, the highly crystalline rGO flake after a thermal treatment for the efficient removal of oxygen functional groups and healing of structural defects except for domain boundary shows SP equivalent to that of the mechanically exfoliated graphene. These results indicate that the work function of rGO is sensitively modulated by oxygen functional groups and structural defects remaining after the thermal reduction process, but is not affected significantly by the domain boundary remaining after the healing of structural defects through the thermal treatment at high temperature.

Formation of incoherent deformation twin boundaries in a coarse-grained Al-7Mg alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, S. B.; Zhang, K.; Bjørge, R.; Tao, N. R.; Marthinsen, K.; Lu, K.; Li, Y. J.

2015-08-01

Deformation twinning has rarely been observed in coarse grained Al and its alloys except under some extreme conditions such as ultrahigh deformation strain or strain rates. Here, we report that a significant amount of Σ3 deformation twins could be generated in a coarse-grained Al-7 Mg alloy by dynamic plastic deformation (DPD). A systematic investigation of the Σ3 boundaries shows that they are Σ3{112} type incoherent twin boundaries (ITBs). These ITBs have formed by gradual evolution from copious low-angle deformation bands through <111>-twist Σ boundaries by lattice rotation. These findings provide an approach to generate deformation twin boundaries in high stacking fault energy metallic alloys. It is suggested that high solution content of Mg in the alloy and the special deformation mode of DPD played an important role in formation of the Σ and ITBs.

[Intensity of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity in arterial and venous walls during hypervitaminosis D].

PubMed

Harbuzova, V Iu

2002-01-01

The intensity of the lipid peroxydation (LPO) and the antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxydase and catalase) on injecting vitamin D in high doses (10,000 U/kg) was examined in the arterial and venous walls of rabbits. The increase in the amount of the intermediate and final LPO products has been found in the vessels of all types. The lowest intensity of LPO was noted in the vena cava. The decrease in the antioxidant activity has been revealed. But vena cava inferior was the exception because the activity of all studied antioxidant enzymes grew in its wall. This increase is likely to be one of the reasons for vena resistance to the action of damaging factors.

THE SEGUE K GIANT SURVEY. III. QUANTIFYING GALACTIC HALO SUBSTRUCTURE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Janesh, William; Morrison, Heather L.; Ma, Zhibo

2016-01-10

We statistically quantify the amount of substructure in the Milky Way stellar halo using a sample of 4568 halo K giant stars at Galactocentric distances ranging over 5–125 kpc. These stars have been selected photometrically and confirmed spectroscopically as K giants from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey’s Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration project. Using a position–velocity clustering estimator (the 4distance) and a model of a smooth stellar halo, we quantify the amount of substructure in the halo, divided by distance and metallicity. Overall, we find that the halo as a whole is highly structured. We also confirm earliermore » work using blue horizontal branch (BHB) stars which showed that there is an increasing amount of substructure with increasing Galactocentric radius, and additionally find that the amount of substructure in the halo increases with increasing metallicity. Comparing to resampled BHB stars, we find that K giants and BHBs have similar amounts of substructure over equivalent ranges of Galactocentric radius. Using a friends-of-friends algorithm to identify members of individual groups, we find that a large fraction (∼33%) of grouped stars are associated with Sgr, and identify stars belonging to other halo star streams: the Orphan Stream, the Cetus Polar Stream, and others, including previously unknown substructures. A large fraction of sample K giants (more than 50%) are not grouped into any substructure. We find also that the Sgr stream strongly dominates groups in the outer halo for all except the most metal-poor stars, and suggest that this is the source of the increase of substructure with Galactocentric radius and metallicity.« less

VizieR Online Data Catalog: The SEGUE K giant survey. III. Galactic halo (Janesh+, 2016)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Janesh, W.; Morrison, H. L.; Ma, Z.; Rockosi, C.; Starkenburg, E.; Xue, X. X.; Rix, H.-W.; Harding, P.; Beers, T. C.; Johnson, J.; Lee, Y. S.; Schneider, D. P.

2016-03-01

We statistically quantify the amount of substructure in the Milky Way stellar halo using a sample of 4568 halo K giant stars at Galactocentric distances ranging over 5-125kpc. These stars have been selected photometrically and confirmed spectroscopically as K giants from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey's Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE) project. Using a position-velocity clustering estimator (the 4distance) and a model of a smooth stellar halo, we quantify the amount of substructure in the halo, divided by distance and metallicity. Overall, we find that the halo as a whole is highly structured. We also confirm earlier work using blue horizontal branch (BHB) stars which showed that there is an increasing amount of substructure with increasing Galactocentric radius, and additionally find that the amount of substructure in the halo increases with increasing metallicity. Comparing to resampled BHB stars, we find that K giants and BHBs have similar amounts of substructure over equivalent ranges of Galactocentric radius. Using a friends-of-friends algorithm to identify members of individual groups, we find that a large fraction (~33%) of grouped stars are associated with Sgr, and identify stars belonging to other halo star streams: the Orphan Stream, the Cetus Polar Stream, and others, including previously unknown substructures. A large fraction of sample K giants (more than 50%) are not grouped into any substructure. We find also that the Sgr stream strongly dominates groups in the outer halo for all except the most metal-poor stars, and suggest that this is the source of the increase of substructure with Galactocentric radius and metallicity. (2 data files).

[Air pollution due to the burning of thermoplastics II (author's transl)].

PubMed

van Grimbergen, M; Reybrouck, G; van de Voorde, H

1975-03-01

Following on from the first publication, (12) concerning the burning of plastics, another 13 chemical pure polymers were burnt in an electric oven to determine the level of solid and gaseous air pollution caused by their stackgases. All 13 polymers are highly combustible but require different burning temperatures (300-900 degrees C) in order to be burnt completely (i.e. without ashrest). With the exception of PMMA and PTFE, all plastics leave a very heavy tar- and soot deposit after burning. At the other end of the scale, burning at low temperature (300 degrees C) gives rise to high concentrations of alipathic aldehyds. The pH of the exhaust-gases, dissolved in water, is neutral to strong acid (PTFE), and will cause a severe corrosion. The nitrogen-containing polymers pollute by forming cyanides, nitrogenoxides and ammonia. PTFE gives off high concentrations of fluorid into the air. PMMA decomposes in its monomer methylmethacrylate and forms large amounts of aliphatic aldehyds. ABS and SBR cause a styrene pollution.

Calciuric effects of protein and potassium bicarbonate but not of sodium chloride or phosphate can be detected acutely in adult women and men.

PubMed

Whiting, S J; Anderson, D J; Weeks, S J

1997-05-01

An acute load test was used to test the influence of dietary factors on urinary calcium excretion. In study 1, 10 fasting premenopausal women consumed test meals providing a moderate amount of protein (MP; 23 g), MP plus 23 mmol KHCO3 (MP+K), MP plus 23 mmol NaCl (MP+Na), and a high amount of protein (HP; 53 g), HP plus 70 mmol KHCO3 (HP+K), and HP plus 70 mmol NaCl (HP+Na). Protein was casein:lactalbumin (80:20), except for the treatments with added sodium chloride, to which only casein was added. In study 2, the effects of HP and HP plus 50 mmol KHCO3 (HP+K) were compared with those of MP or MP plus 7.5 mmol phosphate (MP+Pi), equaling the additional phosphate of HP, in 10 adult men. Subjects completed all treatments in random order. In study 1, the peak of calcium excretion was at 3 h for all treatments, except for HP+K, which indicated an acute hypocalciuric effect of potassium. Unexpectedly, there was no hypercalciuric effect of adding sodium chloride, nor was urine sodium increased. In study 2, calcium excretion was significantly higher with HP than with MP+Pi but not with MP at 3 h, indicating an acute hypercalciuric effect of protein alone. A hypocalciuric effect of potassium (HP+K compared with HP) but not of phosphate (MP compared with MP+Pi) was seen. An acute load test measuring changes 3 h postload was appropriate for examining the calciuric effects of protein and potassium bicarbonate, but not those of sodium chloride or phosphate in adults.

Interannual (2009-2013) variability of winter-spring phytoplankton in the open South Adriatic Sea: Effects of deep convection and lateral advection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ljubimir, Stijepo; Jasprica, Nenad; Čalić, Marijeta; Hrustić, Enis; Dupčić Radić, Iris; Car, Ana; Batistić, Mirna

2017-07-01

The South Adriatic (SA) is an entry point for water masses originating from the Ionian Sea (IS) and a place of dense water formation for the eastern Mediterranean deep circulation cell. Water masses, entering the SA in larger amount during the winter, show decadal variability explained by different circulating regimes (cyclonic and anticyclonic) in the IS, referred to as "Bimodal Oscillating System" (BiOS). Sampling station was situated in the South Adriatic Pit (SAP) with depth of 1200 m. Micro- and nano-phytoplankton abundances, community structure, chlorophyll a concentrations, physical and chemical properties are presented in the winter and spring months for five consecutive years (2009-2013) during different circulating regimes of BiOS. Vertical convective mixing was regularly observed in winter except in 2011 which had effect on nutrient availability and consequently on biomass of primary producers. Effect of strong vertical mixing in February 2012 resulted with exceptionally high phytoplankton abundance and chlorophyll a concentrations in March of 2012. Strong convective mixing resulted in higher diatom abundances, comparing to winter when mixing did not occur. No such bloom was observed during investigated spring.

The influence of oral Veillonella species on biofilms formed by Streptococcus species.

PubMed

Mashima, Izumi; Nakazawa, Futoshi

2014-08-01

Oral Veillonella, Veillonella atypica, Veillonella denticariosi, Veillonella dispar, Veillonella parvula, Veillonella rogosae, and Veillonella tobetsuensis are known as early colonizers in oral biofilm formation. To investigate the role of oral Veillonella, biofilms formed by the co-culture of Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, or Streptococcus sanguinis, with oral Veillonella were examined at the species level. The amount of biofilm formed by S. mutans, S. gordonii, and S. salivarius in the presence of the six Veillonella species was greater than that formed in the control experiments, with the exception of S. mutans with V. dispar. In contrast, in the case of biofilm formation by S. sanguinis, the presence of Veillonella species reduced the amount of the biofilm, with the exception of V. parvula and V. dispar. The time-dependent changes in the amount of biofilm and the number of planktonic cells were grouped into four patterns over the 24 combinations. Only that of S. gordonii with V. tobetsuensis showed a unique pattern. These results indicate that the mode of action of this combination differed from that of the other combinations with respect to biofilm formation. It is possible that there may be several factors involved in the interaction between Streptococcus and Veillonella species. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Uncovering the problem-solving process: cued retrospective reporting versus concurrent and retrospective reporting.

PubMed

van Gog, Tamara; Paas, Fred; van Merriënboer, Jeroen J G; Witte, Puk

2005-12-01

This study investigated the amounts of problem-solving process information ("action," "why," "how," and "metacognitive") elicited by means of concurrent, retrospective, and cued retrospective reporting. In a within-participants design, 26 participants completed electrical circuit troubleshooting tasks under different reporting conditions. The method of cued retrospective reporting used the original computer-based task and a superimposed record of the participant's eye fixations and mouse-keyboard operations as a cue for retrospection. Cued retrospective reporting (with the exception of why information) and concurrent reporting (with the exception of metacognitive information) resulted in a higher number of codes on the different types of information than did retrospective reporting.

[Geostatistics analysis on spatial patterns of Myzus persicae and Erigonidium graminicola in plum orchard].

PubMed

Ding, Chengcheng; Zou, Yunding; Bi, Shoudong; Gao, Caiqiu; Liu, Xiaolin; Cao, Cuanwang; Meng, Qinglei; Li, Changgen

2005-07-01

Investigations on the spatial construction and distribution of Myzus persicae and Erigonidium graminicola in a plum orchard were conducted from March 2003 to November 2003. The results indicated that the semivariogram of Myzus persicae could be described by spherical model, except on June 27 and November 22, which should be described by lined model, and that of Erigonidium graminicola could be described by spherical model, except on May 21, May 31, October 19 and November 22, which should be described by lined model. It could be concluded that the amount and spatial distribution of Erigonidium graminicola was closely related to those of Myzus persicae.

Chemopreventive efficacy of a betel leaf extract against benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach tumors in mice.

PubMed

Bhide, S V; Zariwala, M B; Amonkar, A J; Azuine, M A

1991-09-01

The effect of betel leaf extract and some of its constituents, eugenol, hydroxychavicol, beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol, on benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach neoplasia in male Swiss mice was examined. Betel leaf and its constituents decreased the number of papillomas per animal with the maximum protection, considering molar dosage, exhibited by beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol. Except for beta-carotene, eugenol, hydroxychavicol and alpha-tocopherol increased the levels of reduced glutathione in the liver while glutathione S-transferase activity was enhanced by all except eugenol. Of seven sources, Banarasi betel leaves showed the maximum amounts of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol.

Distinct associations between energy balance and the sleep characteristics slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep.

PubMed

Rutters, F; Gonnissen, H K; Hursel, R; Lemmens, S G; Martens, E A; Westerterp-Plantenga, M S

2012-10-01

Epidemiologically, an inverse relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sleep duration is observed. Intra-individual variance in the amount of slow wave sleep (SWS) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been related to variance of metabolic and endocrine parameters, which are risk factors for the disturbance of energy balance (EB). To investigate inter-individual relationships between EB (EB= energy intake-energy expenditure∣, MJ/24 h), SWS or REM sleep, and relevant parameters in normal-weight men during two 48 h stays in the controlled environment of a respiration chamber. A total of 16 men (age 23±3.7 years, BMI 23.9±1.9 kg m(-2)) stayed in the respiration chamber twice for 48 h to assure EB. Electroencephalography was used to monitor sleep (2330-0730 hrs). Hunger and fullness were scored by visual analog scales; mood was determined by State Trait Anxiety Index-state and food reward by liking and wanting. Baseline blood and salivary samples were collected before breakfast. Subjects were fed in EB, except for the last dinner, when energy intake was ad libitum. The subjects slept on average 441.8±49 min per night, and showed high within-subject reliability for the amount of SWS and REM sleep. Linear regression analyses showed that EB was inversely related to the amount of SWS (r=-0.43, P<0.03), and positively related to the amount of REM sleep (r=0.40, P<0.05). Relevant parameters such as hunger, reward, stress and orexigenic hormone concentrations were related to overeating, as well as to the amount of SWS and REM sleep, however, after inclusion of these parameters in a multiple regression, the amount of SWS and REM sleep did not add to the explained variance of EB, which suggests that due to their individual associations, these EB parameters are mediator variables. A positive EB due to overeating, was explained by a smaller amount of SWS and higher amount of REM sleep, mediated by hunger, fullness, State Trait Anxiety Index-state scores, glucose/insulin ratio, and ghrelin and cortisol concentrations.

42 CFR 413.13 - Amount of payment if customary charges for services furnished are less than reasonable costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

....330 et seq. (d) Exclusions from reasonable cost. For purposes of comparison with customary charges... education costs. (e) Reductions in customary charges. Customary charges are reduced in proportion to the... services, with the exception of DME, are considered together. (iii) Graduate medical education. When making...

42 CFR 413.13 - Amount of payment if customary charges for services furnished are less than reasonable costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

....330 et seq. (d) Exclusions from reasonable cost. For purposes of comparison with customary charges... education costs. (e) Reductions in customary charges. Customary charges are reduced in proportion to the... services, with the exception of DME, are considered together. (iii) Graduate medical education. When making...

42 CFR 413.13 - Amount of payment if customary charges for services furnished are less than reasonable costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

....330 et seq. (d) Exclusions from reasonable cost. For purposes of comparison with customary charges... education costs. (e) Reductions in customary charges. Customary charges are reduced in proportion to the... services, with the exception of DME, are considered together. (iii) Graduate medical education. When making...

42 CFR 413.13 - Amount of payment if customary charges for services furnished are less than reasonable costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) Exclusions from reasonable cost. For purposes of comparison with customary charges under this section... section for making nominal charge determinations in special situations, graduate medical education costs... exception of DME, are considered together. (iii) Graduate medical education. When making the nominal charge...

26 CFR 1.1254-2 - Exceptions and limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... property acquired by gift). For rules concerning the potential reduction in the amount of the charitable....1254-3(b)(1) for determination of potential recapture of section 1254 costs on property acquired by... resource recapture property is in part a sale or exchange and in part a gift, the gain that is treated as...

26 CFR 1.6694-2 - Penalty for understatement due to an unreasonable position.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... following examples: Example 1. An individual taxpayer hires Accountant R to prepare its income tax return. A... TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Additions to the Tax, Additional Amounts, and...) Proscribed conduct. Except as otherwise provided in this section, a tax return preparer is liable for a...

21 CFR 73.500 - Saffron.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Foods § 73.500 Saffron. (a) Identity. (1) The color additive saffron is the..., in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice, except that it may not be used to color foods... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Saffron. 73.500 Section 73.500 Food and Drugs FOOD...

21 CFR 73.500 - Saffron.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Foods § 73.500 Saffron. (a) Identity. (1) The color additive saffron is the..., in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice, except that it may not be used to color foods... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Saffron. 73.500 Section 73.500 Food and Drugs FOOD...

21 CFR 73.500 - Saffron.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Foods § 73.500 Saffron. (a) Identity. (1) The color additive saffron is the..., in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice, except that it may not be used to color foods... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Saffron. 73.500 Section 73.500 Food and Drugs FOOD...

26 CFR 1.408A-6 - Distributions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...)(F) applies (exception for first-time home purchase). (c) An amount distributed from a Roth IRA will... income, but any net income required to be distributed under section 408(d)(4) together with the... distributed as a corrective distribution under A-1(d) of this section is treated as if it was never...

26 CFR 1.408A-6 - Distributions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... section 72(t)(2)(F) applies (exception for first-time home purchase). (c) An amount distributed from a... includible in gross income, but any net income required to be distributed under section 408(d)(4) together... contribution distributed as a corrective distribution under A-1(d) of this section is treated as if it was...

26 CFR 1.408A-6 - Distributions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... section 72(t)(2)(F) applies (exception for first-time home purchase). (c) An amount distributed from a... includible in gross income, but any net income required to be distributed under section 408(d)(4) together... contribution distributed as a corrective distribution under A-1(d) of this section is treated as if it was...

26 CFR 1.408A-6 - Distributions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... section 72(t)(2)(F) applies (exception for first-time home purchase). (c) An amount distributed from a... includible in gross income, but any net income required to be distributed under section 408(d)(4) together... contribution distributed as a corrective distribution under A-1(d) of this section is treated as if it was...

26 CFR 1.408A-6 - Distributions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... section 72(t)(2)(F) applies (exception for first-time home purchase). (c) An amount distributed from a... includible in gross income, but any net income required to be distributed under section 408(d)(4) together... contribution distributed as a corrective distribution under A-1(d) of this section is treated as if it was...

5 CFR 410.402 - Paying premium pay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... firefighter is entitled to a greater amount of pay based on actual work hours during the week in which... Sunday work shall continue to receive that premium pay. This exception does not apply to an employee assigned to full-time training at institutions of higher learning. (2) Training at night. An employee given...

5 CFR 410.402 - Paying premium pay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... firefighter is entitled to a greater amount of pay based on actual work hours during the week in which... Sunday work shall continue to receive that premium pay. This exception does not apply to an employee assigned to full-time training at institutions of higher learning. (2) Training at night. An employee given...

5 CFR 410.402 - Paying premium pay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... firefighter is entitled to a greater amount of pay based on actual work hours during the week in which... Sunday work shall continue to receive that premium pay. This exception does not apply to an employee assigned to full-time training at institutions of higher learning. (2) Training at night. An employee given...

5 CFR 410.402 - Paying premium pay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... firefighter is entitled to a greater amount of pay based on actual work hours during the week in which... Sunday work shall continue to receive that premium pay. This exception does not apply to an employee assigned to full-time training at institutions of higher learning. (2) Training at night. An employee given...

5 CFR 2634.303 - Purchases, sales, and exchanges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Purchases, sales, and exchanges. 2634.303....303 Purchases, sales, and exchanges. (a) In general. Except as indicated in § 2634.308(b) of this..., sale, or exchange by the filer during the reporting period, in which the amount involved in the...

5 CFR 2634.303 - Purchases, sales, and exchanges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Purchases, sales, and exchanges. 2634.303....303 Purchases, sales, and exchanges. (a) In general. Except as indicated in § 2634.308(b) of this..., sale, or exchange by the filer during the reporting period, in which the amount involved in the...

78 FR 5548 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-25

... increase the fees for JBO Orders to the same amounts as are assessed to Professional and Voluntary Professional orders (except for SPX trades).\\5\\ This would involve increasing the following fees for JBO Orders... recognize Professional and Voluntary Professional orders. As such, Professional and Voluntary Professional...

40 CFR 82.12 - Transfers of allowances for class I controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... § 82.12 Transfers of allowances for class I controlled substances. (a) Inter-company transfers. (1) Until January 1, 1996, for all class I controlled substances, except for Group VI, and until January 1... amount of the transferor's consumption allowances or production allowances, and effective January 1, 1995...

21 CFR 73.95 - β-Carotene.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... safe in color additive mixtures for coloring foods. (b) Specifications. β-carotene shall conform to the... coloring foods generally, in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice, except that it may not be... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false β-Carotene. 73.95 Section 73.95 Food and Drugs...

34 CFR 650.42 - How are stipends to be administered?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... shall pay the fellow a stipend at a level of support equal to that provided by the National Science Foundation graduate fellowships, except that the amount must be adjusted as necessary so as not to exceed the... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION JACOB K. JAVITS FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM What Are the Administrative...

34 CFR 650.42 - How are stipends to be administered?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... shall pay the fellow a stipend at a level of support equal to that provided by the National Science Foundation graduate fellowships, except that the amount must be adjusted as necessary so as not to exceed the... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION JACOB K. JAVITS FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM What Are the Administrative...

34 CFR 650.42 - How are stipends to be administered?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... shall pay the fellow a stipend at a level of support equal to that provided by the National Science Foundation graduate fellowships, except that the amount must be adjusted as necessary so as not to exceed the... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION JACOB K. JAVITS FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM What Are the Administrative...

34 CFR 650.42 - How are stipends to be administered?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... shall pay the fellow a stipend at a level of support equal to that provided by the National Science Foundation graduate fellowships, except that the amount must be adjusted as necessary so as not to exceed the... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION JACOB K. JAVITS FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM What Are the Administrative...

34 CFR 650.42 - How are stipends to be administered?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... shall pay the fellow a stipend at a level of support equal to that provided by the National Science Foundation graduate fellowships, except that the amount must be adjusted as necessary so as not to exceed the... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION JACOB K. JAVITS FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM What Are the Administrative...

37 CFR 1.23 - Methods of payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... made by credit card, except for replenishing a deposit account. Payment of a fee by credit card must specify the amount to be charged to the credit card and such other information as is necessary to process... authorization to charge fees to a credit card. If credit card information is provided on a form or document...

14 CFR 1261.105 - Unallowable claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... were not assigned to claimant or provided in kind by the United States. (b) Money or currency. Claims may not be allowed for loss of money or currency, except when lost incident to fire, flood, hurricane... of money or currency is limited to an amount which is determined reasonable to have been in the...

27 CFR 5.23 - Alteration of class and type.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., flavoring, or blending materials such as caramel, straight malt or straight rye malt whiskies, fruit juices... whiskey, except that vodka may be treated with sugar in an amount not to exceed 2 grams per liter and a... shall be appropriately redesignated. In addition, in the case of straight whisky the removal of more...

27 CFR 5.23 - Alteration of class and type.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., flavoring, or blending materials such as caramel, straight malt or straight rye malt whiskies, fruit juices... whiskey, except that vodka may be treated with sugar in an amount not to exceed 2 grams per liter and a... shall be appropriately redesignated. In addition, in the case of straight whisky the removal of more...

26 CFR 1.403(a)-1 - Taxability of beneficiary under a qualified annuity plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... January 1, 1963, and which provide life insurance protection. (e) As to inclusion of full-time life... which are purchased for employees who perform services for certain public schools. (b) The amounts... or made available, as provided in section 72 (relating to annuities), except that certain total...

37 CFR 1.23 - Methods of payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... made by credit card, except for replenishing a deposit account. Payment of a fee by credit card must specify the amount to be charged to the credit card and such other information as is necessary to process... authorization to charge fees to a credit card. If credit card information is provided on a form or document...

37 CFR 1.23 - Methods of payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... made by credit card, except for replenishing a deposit account. Payment of a fee by credit card must specify the amount to be charged to the credit card and such other information as is necessary to process... authorization to charge fees to a credit card. If credit card information is provided on a form or document...

37 CFR 1.23 - Methods of payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... made by credit card, except for replenishing a deposit account. Payment of a fee by credit card must specify the amount to be charged to the credit card and such other information as is necessary to process... authorization to charge fees to a credit card. If credit card information is provided on a form or document...

26 CFR 1.482-2 - Determination of taxable income in specific situations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... intercompany trade receivable arises at the time economic performance occurs (within the meaning of section 461...). (iv) Payment; book entries—(A) Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph (a)(1)(iv), in... may apply payments or credits against amounts owed in some other order on its books in accordance with...

Higher Education Trends (1997-1999): Program Evaluation. ERIC-HE Trends.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kezar, Adrianna J.

The amount of literature on program evaluation decreased in 1996, continuing a trend begun in the late 1980s. One exception to this is the literature on assessment. Another frequent issue is the technique of evaluation. Many examples of research on evaluation are from international settings, where accountability and evaluation appear to be…

76 FR 47177 - Publication of Housing Price Inflation Adjustment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-04

.... SUMMARY: The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, as codified at 50 U.S.C. App. 531, prohibits a landlord from... service except by court order. The law as originally passed by Congress applied to dwellings with monthly rents of $2400 or less. The law requires the Department of Defense to adjust this amount annually to...

18 CFR 381.103 - Filings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Filings. 381.103... OF ENERGY REVISED GENERAL RULES FEES General Provisions § 381.103 Filings. (a) Submittal of fees. Except as provided in §§ 274.201(e) and 381.106, a fee in the amount set forth in this part shall...

26 CFR 1.6001-1 - Records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 13 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Records. 1.6001-1 Section 1.6001-1 Internal... TAXES Information and Returns § 1.6001-1 Records. (a) In general. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of... permanent books of account or records, including inventories, as are sufficient to establish the amount of...

12 CFR 232.3 - Financial information exception for obtaining and using medical information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... that the debt is current and that the consumer has no delinquencies in her repayment history. If the..., mental, or behavioral health, condition or history, type of treatment, or prognosis into account as part... example, to obtain and use information about: (i) The dollar amount, repayment terms, repayment history...

47 CFR 51.609 - Determination of avoided retail costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Determination of avoided retail costs. 51.609... (CONTINUED) INTERCONNECTION Resale § 51.609 Determination of avoided retail costs. (a) Except as provided in § 51.611, the amount of avoided retail costs shall be determined on the basis of a cost study that...

47 CFR 51.609 - Determination of avoided retail costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Determination of avoided retail costs. 51.609... (CONTINUED) INTERCONNECTION Resale § 51.609 Determination of avoided retail costs. (a) Except as provided in § 51.611, the amount of avoided retail costs shall be determined on the basis of a cost study that...

47 CFR 51.609 - Determination of avoided retail costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Determination of avoided retail costs. 51.609... (CONTINUED) INTERCONNECTION Resale § 51.609 Determination of avoided retail costs. (a) Except as provided in § 51.611, the amount of avoided retail costs shall be determined on the basis of a cost study that...

47 CFR 51.609 - Determination of avoided retail costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Determination of avoided retail costs. 51.609... (CONTINUED) INTERCONNECTION Resale § 51.609 Determination of avoided retail costs. (a) Except as provided in § 51.611, the amount of avoided retail costs shall be determined on the basis of a cost study that...

47 CFR 51.609 - Determination of avoided retail costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Determination of avoided retail costs. 51.609... (CONTINUED) INTERCONNECTION Resale § 51.609 Determination of avoided retail costs. (a) Except as provided in § 51.611, the amount of avoided retail costs shall be determined on the basis of a cost study that...

12 CFR 567.9 - Tangible capital requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... capital, a savings association must deduct from assets, and, thus, from capital: (1) Intangible assets (as defined in § 567.1) except for mortgage servicing assets to the extent they are includable in tangible... maintain tangible capital in an amount equal to at least 1.5% of adjusted total assets. (b) The following...

7 CFR 58.205 - Meaning of words.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., dry whey, or products other than nonfat dry milk, except that lactose may be added as a processing aid... agent, or other chemical. If lactose is used, the amount of lactose shall be the minimum required to... from milk and contains the lactose, milk proteins, milk fat, and milk minerals in the same relative...

7 CFR 58.205 - Meaning of words.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., dry whey, or products other than nonfat dry milk, except that lactose may be added as a processing aid... agent, or other chemical. If lactose is used, the amount of lactose shall be the minimum required to... from milk and contains the lactose, milk proteins, milk fat, and milk minerals in the same relative...

26 CFR 25.2701-5 - Adjustments to mitigate double taxation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... time of the initial transfer (or the remaining portion thereof). (b) Amount of reduction. Except as...) duplicated in the transfer tax base at the time of the transfer of the section 2701 interest (the duplicated... tax value of the section 2701 interest at the time of the subsequent transfer exceeds the value of...

26 CFR 25.2701-5 - Adjustments to mitigate double taxation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... time of the initial transfer (or the remaining portion thereof). (b) Amount of reduction. Except as...) duplicated in the transfer tax base at the time of the transfer of the section 2701 interest (the duplicated... tax value of the section 2701 interest at the time of the subsequent transfer exceeds the value of...

15 CFR 200.109 - Shipping, insurance, and risk of loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... to NIST for calibration or other test should be made only after the customer has accepted the... attended to by the owner, since NIST will not undertake them except by special arrangement. Apparatus not... charged in accordance with the amount of work done. (b) The customer should pack apparatus sent to NIST so...

15 CFR 200.109 - Shipping, insurance, and risk of loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... to NIST for calibration or other test should be made only after the customer has accepted the... attended to by the owner, since NIST will not undertake them except by special arrangement. Apparatus not... charged in accordance with the amount of work done. (b) The customer should pack apparatus sent to NIST so...

15 CFR 200.109 - Shipping, insurance, and risk of loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... to NIST for calibration or other test should be made only after the customer has accepted the... attended to by the owner, since NIST will not undertake them except by special arrangement. Apparatus not... charged in accordance with the amount of work done. (b) The customer should pack apparatus sent to NIST so...

15 CFR 200.109 - Shipping, insurance, and risk of loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... to NIST for calibration or other test should be made only after the customer has accepted the... attended to by the owner, since NIST will not undertake them except by special arrangement. Apparatus not... charged in accordance with the amount of work done. (b) The customer should pack apparatus sent to NIST so...

15 CFR 200.109 - Shipping, insurance, and risk of loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... to NIST for calibration or other test should be made only after the customer has accepted the... attended to by the owner, since NIST will not undertake them except by special arrangement. Apparatus not... charged in accordance with the amount of work done. (b) The customer should pack apparatus sent to NIST so...

26 CFR 1.1247-2 - Computation and distribution of taxable income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Special Rules for Determining Capital Gains and Losses § 1... net operating losses) shall not be allowed. (3) Except for the deduction provided in section 248... amount of the deduction allowed under section 164 there shall be included taxes paid or accrued during...

48 CFR 846.408-71 - Waiver of USDA inspection and specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Waiver of USDA inspection... Waiver of USDA inspection and specifications. (a) When the amount of an item to be purchased will not..., Publication No. C8900-SL, and the USDA inspection requirements: (1) Butter. (2) Cheese (except cottage cheese...

48 CFR 846.408-71 - Waiver of USDA inspection and specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Waiver of USDA inspection... Waiver of USDA inspection and specifications. (a) When the amount of an item to be purchased will not..., Publication No. C8900-SL, and the USDA inspection requirements: (1) Butter. (2) Cheese (except cottage cheese...

48 CFR 846.408-71 - Waiver of USDA inspection and specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Waiver of USDA inspection... Waiver of USDA inspection and specifications. (a) When the amount of an item to be purchased will not..., Publication No. C8900-SL, and the USDA inspection requirements: (1) Butter. (2) Cheese (except cottage cheese...

48 CFR 846.408-71 - Waiver of USDA inspection and specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Waiver of USDA inspection... Waiver of USDA inspection and specifications. (a) When the amount of an item to be purchased will not..., Publication No. C8900-SL, and the USDA inspection requirements: (1) Butter. (2) Cheese (except cottage cheese...

Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Wildland Fire Emissions Over The U.S.

Treesearch

Yongqiang Liu

2003-01-01

Wildland fires release large amounts of particulate matter (PM), CO, S02, NOx,, and Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC), which can cause serious consequence of regional and local air quality (Sandberg et al., 1999). All these components except VOC are the principal pollutants whose emissions are subject to the National Ambient...

12 CFR 702.203 - Prompt corrective action for “significantly undercapitalized” credit unions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... to increase except as provided in § 702.202(a)(3) and (4) Restrict member business loans. Not increase the total dollar amount of member business loans (defined as loans outstanding and unused... this part: (1) Requiring prior approval for acquisitions, branching, new lines of business. Prohibit a...

12 CFR 702.204 - Prompt corrective action for “critically undercapitalized” credit unions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... to increase except as provided in § 702.202(a)(3); and (4) Restrict member business loans. Not increase the total dollar amount of member business loans (defined as loans outstanding and unused... part: (1) Requiring prior approval for acquisitions, branching, new lines of business. Prohibit a...

25 CFR 39.1002 - Allotment of education administrative funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... amount of $50,000 for basic administrative costs; and (b) Each agency or area education office as defined..., Johnson-O'Malley and adult education funds administered by each office, except that the Navajo Agencies... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Allotment of education administrative funds. 39.1002...

25 CFR 39.1002 - Allotment of education administrative funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... amount of $50,000 for basic administrative costs; and (b) Each agency or area education office as defined..., Johnson-O'Malley and adult education funds administered by each office, except that the Navajo Agencies... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Allotment of education administrative funds. 39.1002...

25 CFR 39.1002 - Allotment of education administrative funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... amount of $50,000 for basic administrative costs; and (b) Each agency or area education office as defined..., Johnson-O'Malley and adult education funds administered by each office, except that the Navajo Agencies... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Allotment of education administrative funds. 39.1002...

25 CFR 39.1002 - Allotment of education administrative funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... amount of $50,000 for basic administrative costs; and (b) Each agency or area education office as defined..., Johnson-O'Malley and adult education funds administered by each office, except that the Navajo Agencies... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Allotment of education administrative funds. 39.1002...

25 CFR 39.1002 - Allotment of education administrative funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... amount of $50,000 for basic administrative costs; and (b) Each agency or area education office as defined..., Johnson-O'Malley and adult education funds administered by each office, except that the Navajo Agencies... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Allotment of education administrative funds. 39.1002...

21 CFR 172.660 - Salts of furcelleran.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... intended for use in the amount necessary for an emulsifier, stabilizer, or thickener in foods, except for... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2010-04-01 2009-04-01 true Salts of furcelleran. 172.660 Section 172.660 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR...

21 CFR 172.660 - Salts of furcelleran.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... intended for use in the amount necessary for an emulsifier, stabilizer, or thickener in foods, except for... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Salts of furcelleran. 172.660 Section 172.660 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR...

7 CFR 1463.9 - Payment of assessments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... the expenditures CCC has determined it will incur in the 2005 through 2014 calendar years. Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, payment of such assessments are due to CCC no later than the end... CCC has not notified an entity of the amount that is required to be remitted in that quarter, no...

7 CFR 1463.9 - Payment of assessments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... the expenditures CCC has determined it will incur in the 2005 through 2014 calendar years. Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, payment of such assessments are due to CCC no later than the end... CCC has not notified an entity of the amount that is required to be remitted in that quarter, no...

Lyophilised wafers as vehicles for the topical release of chlorhexidine digluconate--release kinetics and efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PubMed

Labovitiadi, Olga; Lamb, Andrew J; Matthews, Kerr H

2012-12-15

There is a requirement to deliver accurate amounts of broad spectrum antimicrobial compounds locally to exuding wounds. Varying amounts of exudate complicates this process by limiting the residence and therefore efficacy of active substances. Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of antimicrobials are necessary to suppress infection and lessen the chances of resistant strains of potentially pathogenic bacteria from prevailing. Polysaccharide wafers can adhere to exudating wound beds, absorbing fluids and forming highly viscous gels that remain in situ for prolonged periods of time to release sustained amounts of antimicrobial. In this study, five different formulations were produced containing the antimicrobial, chlorhexidine digluconate (CHD). Absorption of simulated wound fluid, resultant rheological properties of gels and efficacy against plated cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were measured and compared. CHD reduced the 'water uptake' of wafers by 11-50% (w/w) and decreased the rheological consistency of non-SA containing gels by 10-65%. Release studies indicated that karaya wafers gave the highest sustained release of CHD, >60 μg/mL in 24 h, well in excess of the MBC for P. aeruginosa. Release kinetics indicated an anomalous diffusion mechanism according to Korsmeyer-Peppas, with diffusion exponents varying from 0.31 to 0.41 for most wafers except xanthan (0.65). Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

High amount of dietary fiber not harmful but favorable for Crohn disease.

PubMed

Chiba, Mitsuro; Tsuji, Tsuyotoshi; Nakane, Kunio; Komatsu, Masafumi

2015-01-01

Current chronic diseases are a reflection of the westernized diet that features a decreased consumption of dietary fiber. Indigestible dietary fiber is metabolized by gut bacteria, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, to butyrate, which has a critical role in colonic homeostasis owing to a variety of functions. Dietary fiber intake has been significantly inversely associated with the risk of chronic diseases. Crohn disease (CD) is not an exception. However, even authors who reported the inverse association between dietary fiber and a risk of CD made no recommendation of dietary fiber intake to CD patients. Some correspondence was against advocating high fiber intake in CD. We initiated a semivegetarian diet (SVD), namely a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet, for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Our SVD contains 32.4 g of dietary fiber in 2000 kcal. There was no untoward effect of the SVD. The remission rate with combined infliximab and SVD for newly diagnosed CD patients was 100%. Maintenance of remission on SVD without scheduled maintenance therapy with biologic drugs was 92% at 2 years. These excellent short- and long-term results can be explained partly by SVD. The fecal bacterial count of F prausnitzii in patients with CD is significantly lower than in healthy controls. Diet reviews recommend plant-based diets to treat and to prevent a variety of chronic diseases. SVD belongs to plant-based diets that inevitably contain considerable amounts of dietary fiber. Our clinical experience and available data provide a rationale to recommend a high fiber intake to treat CD.

Modeling the effect of snow and ice on the global environmental fate and long-range transport potential of semivolatile organic compounds.

PubMed

Stocker, Judith; Scheringer, Martin; Wegmann, Fabio; Hungerbuhler, Konrad

2007-09-01

Snow and ice have been implemented in a global multimedia box model to investigate the influence of these media on the environmental fate and long-range transport (LRT) of semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs). Investigated compounds include HCB, PCB28, PCB180, PBDE47, PBDE209, alpha-HCH, and dacthal. In low latitudes, snow acts as a transfer medium taking up chemicals from air and releasing them to water or soil during snowmelt. In high latitudes, snow and ice shield water, soil, and vegetation from chemical deposition. In the model version including snow and ice (scenario 2), the mass of chemicals in soil in high latitudes is between 27% (HCB) and 97% (alpha-HCH) of the mass calculated with the model version without snow and ice (scenario 1). Amounts in Arctic seawater in scenario 2 are 8% (alpha-HCH) to 21% (dacthal) of the amounts obtained in scenario 1. For all investigated chemicals except alpha-HCH, presence of snow and ice in the model increases the concentration in air by a factor of 2 (HCB)to 10 (PBDE209). Because of reduced net deposition to snow-covered surfaces in high latitudes, LRT to the Arctic is reduced for most chemicals whereas transport to the south is more pronounced than in scenario 1 ("southward shift"). The presence of snow and ice thus considerably changes the environmental fate of SOCs.

Dietary Protein Intake in Young Children in Selected Low-Income Countries Is Generally Adequate in Relation to Estimated Requirements for Healthy Children, Except When Complementary Food Intake Is Low.

PubMed

Arsenault, Joanne E; Brown, Kenneth H

2017-05-01

Background: Previous research indicates that young children in low-income countries (LICs) generally consume greater amounts of protein than published estimates of protein requirements, but this research did not account for protein quality based on the mix of amino acids and the digestibility of ingested protein. Objective: Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of inadequate protein and amino acid intake by young children in LICs, accounting for protein quality. Methods: Seven data sets with information on dietary intake for children (6-35 mo of age) from 6 LICs (Peru, Guatemala, Ecuador, Bangladesh, Uganda, and Zambia) were reanalyzed to estimate protein and amino acid intake and assess adequacy. The protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score of each child's diet was calculated and multiplied by the original (crude) protein intake to obtain an estimate of available protein intake. Distributions of usual intake were obtained to estimate the prevalence of inadequate protein and amino acid intake for each cohort according to Estimated Average Requirements. Results: The prevalence of inadequate protein intake was highest in breastfeeding children aged 6-8 mo: 24% of Bangladeshi and 16% of Peruvian children. With the exception of Bangladesh, the prevalence of inadequate available protein intake decreased by age 9-12 mo and was very low in all sites (0-2%) after 12 mo of age. Inadequate protein intake in children <12 mo of age was due primarily to low energy intake from complementary foods, not inadequate protein density. Conclusions: Overall, most children consumed protein amounts greater than requirements, except for the younger breastfeeding children, who were consuming low amounts of complementary foods. These findings reinforce previous evidence that dietary protein is not generally limiting for children in LICs compared with estimated requirements for healthy children, even after accounting for protein quality. However, unmeasured effects of infection and intestinal dysfunction on the children's protein requirements could modify this conclusion.

Development of reading and phonological skills of children at family risk for dyslexia: a longitudinal analysis from kindergarten to sixth grade.

PubMed

Dandache, Sophie; Wouters, Jan; Ghesquière, Pol

2014-11-01

The main focus of this article is to develop a better understanding of the developmental trajectories of literacy and phonological skills within Dutch-speaking children. Children at high and low risk for dyslexia were followed and compared at four different moments: kindergarten and first, third and sixth grades. Three groups were then compared: (1) dyslexic readers; (2) normal readers at high risk for dyslexia; and (3) normal readers at low risk for dyslexia. Children diagnosed with dyslexia scored lower than high-risk normal readers on phonological awareness (PA), rapid automatized naming (RAN), verbal short-term memory and literacy skills. Normal readers at high risk scored between both groups, confirming that dyslexia is to be considered as a continuum rather than an all-or-none condition. Growth analyses showed that the three groups evolved similarly on all measures except for phoneme deletion and literacy measures. Finally, solely PA and RAN explained a significant amount of variance in the evolution of reading skills. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Transovarial Transmission of Rickettsia spp. and Organ-Specific Infection of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci

PubMed Central

Brumin, Marina; Levy, Maggie

2012-01-01

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a cosmopolitan insect pest that harbors Portiera aleyrodidarum, the primary obligatory symbiotic bacterium, and several facultative secondary symbionts. Secondary symbionts in B. tabaci are generally associated with the bacteriome, ensuring their vertical transmission; however, Rickettsia is an exception and occupies most of the body cavity, except the bacteriome. The mode of Rickettsia transfer between generations and its subcellular localization in insect organs have not been investigated. Using electron and fluorescence microscopy, we show that Rickettsia infects the digestive, salivary, and reproductive organs of the insect; however, it was not observed in the bacteriome. Rickettsia invades the oocytes during early developmental stages and resides in follicular cells and cytoplasm; it is mostly excluded when the egg matures; however, some bacterial cells remain in the egg, ensuring their transfer to subsequent generations. Rickettsia was localized to testicles and the spermatheca, suggesting a horizontal transfer between males and females during mating. The bacterium was further observed at large amounts in midgut cells, concentrating in vacuole-like structures, and was located in the hemolymph, specifically at exceptionally large amounts around bacteriocytes and in fat bodies. Organs further infected by Rickettsia included the primary salivary glands and stylets, sites of possible secretion of the bacterium outside the whitefly body. The close association between Rickettsia and the B. tabaci digestive system might be important for digestive purposes. The vertical transmission of Rickettsia to subsequent generations occurs via the oocyte and not, like other secondary symbionts, the bacteriome. PMID:22660706

Spatial Interpolation of Historical Seasonal Rainfall Indices over Peninsular Malaysia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hassan, Zulkarnain; Haidir, Ahmad; Saad, Farah Naemah Mohd; Ayob, Afizah; Rahim, Mustaqqim Abdul; Ghazaly, Zuhayr Md.

2018-03-01

The inconsistency in inter-seasonal rainfall due to climate change will cause a different pattern in the rainfall characteristics and distribution. Peninsular Malaysia is not an exception for this inconsistency, in which it is resulting extreme events such as flood and water scarcity. This study evaluates the seasonal patterns in rainfall indices such as total amount of rainfall, the frequency of wet days, rainfall intensity, extreme frequency, and extreme intensity in Peninsular Malaysia. 40 years (1975-2015) data records have been interpolated using Inverse Distance Weighted method. The results show that the formation of rainfall characteristics are significance during the Northeast monsoon (NEM), as compared to Southwest monsoon (SWM). Also, there is a high rainfall intensity and frequency related to extreme over eastern coasts of Peninsula during the NEM season.

[Pregnancy after bariatric surgery].

PubMed

Pepe, Franco; DE Luca, Francesco; Stracquadanio, Mariagrazia; Garraffo, Claudia; Santonocito, Veronica C; Privitera, Agata

2017-04-01

Pregnancy after bariatric surgery has some peculiarities related to obesity, type of surgery, amount of weight loss, time elapsed from the surgery and adherence to medical prescriptions. Pregnant woman is at risk of nutritional deficiencies and it is unclear whether there is an increased incidence of intestinal complications during pregnancy after bariatric surgery and whether this kind of complications are more frequent during cesarean section. The fetus is at high risk of prematurity and fetal growth restriction, but they seem not at increased risk of birth defects (DTN) except in individual cases of folic acid deficiency (DTN) or vitamin K defect (similar abnormalities in patients receiving oral anticoagulants). In addition, the incidence of gestational diabetes and hypertension results to be decreased. Other postnatal outcomes from possible epigenetic modifications need to be evaluated in the long-term postnatal follow-up.

Intraspecific variation in nutrient reserve use during clutch formation by Lesser Scaup

USGS Publications Warehouse

Esler, Daniel N.; Grand, James B.; Afton, Alan D.

2001-01-01

We studied nutrient reserve dynamics of female Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) to identify sources of intraspecific variation in strategies of nutrient acquisition for meeting the high nutritional and energetic costs of egg formation. We collected data from interior Alaska and combined these with data for Lesser Scaup from midcontinent breeding areas (Afton and Ankney 1991), allowing a rangewide analysis for the species. We found little evidence that nutrient reserve use differed between Alaskan and midcontinent Lesser Scaup, except that subarctic birds used a small amount of protein reserves when forming eggs, whereas midcontinent birds did not. Mineral reserves contributed relatively little to the clutch, but endogenous lipid accounted for approximately two-thirds of the lipid in the clutch. Levels of endogenous lipid and protein at initiation of clutch formation declined with date of initiation. Also, absolute amounts of lipid and protein reserves used declined through the season, corresponding to smaller clutch sizes. Our data are consistent with a seasonally variable threshold of lipid reserves for initiation of clutch formation and considerable reliance on lipid reserves, suggestive of lipid control of productivity via effects on clutch size and initiation dates. However, our data cannot refute the hypothesis that clutch size or initiation dates are set by other factors that in turn dictate the amount of lipid reserves that are stored and used. Despite uncertainty regarding the role of nutrient limitations on productivity, maintenance of adequate food resources on winter, migration, and breeding areas should be a management concern, given the high costs of clutch formation by Lesser Scaup, evidence of recent population declines, and potential links between nutrition and productivity.

New Insights into Handling Missing Values in Environmental Epidemiological Studies

PubMed Central

Roda, Célina; Nicolis, Ioannis; Momas, Isabelle; Guihenneuc, Chantal

2014-01-01

Missing data are unavoidable in environmental epidemiologic surveys. The aim of this study was to compare methods for handling large amounts of missing values: omission of missing values, single and multiple imputations (through linear regression or partial least squares regression), and a fully Bayesian approach. These methods were applied to the PARIS birth cohort, where indoor domestic pollutant measurements were performed in a random sample of babies' dwellings. A simulation study was conducted to assess performances of different approaches with a high proportion of missing values (from 50% to 95%). Different simulation scenarios were carried out, controlling the true value of the association (odds ratio of 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4), and varying the health outcome prevalence. When a large amount of data is missing, omitting these missing data reduced statistical power and inflated standard errors, which affected the significance of the association. Single imputation underestimated the variability, and considerably increased risk of type I error. All approaches were conservative, except the Bayesian joint model. In the case of a common health outcome, the fully Bayesian approach is the most efficient approach (low root mean square error, reasonable type I error, and high statistical power). Nevertheless for a less prevalent event, the type I error is increased and the statistical power is reduced. The estimated posterior distribution of the OR is useful to refine the conclusion. Among the methods handling missing values, no approach is absolutely the best but when usual approaches (e.g. single imputation) are not sufficient, joint modelling approach of missing process and health association is more efficient when large amounts of data are missing. PMID:25226278

76 FR 19381 - Buy American Exceptions Under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-07

... Green High Rise Apartments. An exception was also granted to the Housing Authority of the City of Runge... work, using CFRFC grant funds, in connection with the Bowling Green High Rise Apartments. The exception...

Resistant Starch Contents of Native and Heat-Moisture Treated Jackfruit Seed Starch

PubMed Central

Kittipongpatana, Ornanong S.

2015-01-01

Native jackfruit seed starch (JFS) contains 30% w/w type II resistant starch (RS2) and can potentially be developed as a new commercial source of RS for food and pharmaceutical application. Heat-moisture treatment (HMT) was explored as a mean to increase RS content of native JFS. The effect of the conditions was tested at varied moisture contents (MC), temperatures, and times. Moisture levels of 20–25%, together with temperatures 80–110°C, generally resulted in increases of RS amount. The highest amount of RS (52.2%) was achieved under treatment conditions of 25% MC and 80°C, for 16 h (JF-25-80-16). FT-IR peak ratio at 1047/1022 cm−1 suggested increases in ordered structure in several HMT-JFS samples with increased RS. SEM showed no significant change in the granule appearance, except at high moisture/temperature treatment. XRD revealed no significant change in peaks intensities, suggesting the crystallinity within the granule was mostly retained. DSC showed increases in T g and, in most cases, ΔT, as the MC was increased in the samples. Slight but significant decreases in ΔH were observed in samples with low RS, indicating that a combination of high moisture and temperature might cause partial gelatinization. HMT-JFS with higher RS exhibited less swelling, while the solubility remained mostly unchanged. PMID:25642454

Production of High Amounts of Hepatotoxin Nodularin and New Protease Inhibitors Pseudospumigins by the Brazilian Benthic Nostoc sp. CENA543

PubMed Central

Jokela, Jouni; Heinilä, Lassi M. P.; Shishido, Tânia K.; Wahlsten, Matti; Fewer, David P.; Fiore, Marli F.; Wang, Hao; Haapaniemi, Esa; Permi, Perttu; Sivonen, Kaarina

2017-01-01

Nostoc is a cyanobacterial genus, common in soils and a prolific producer of natural products. This research project aimed to explore and characterize Brazilian cyanobacteria for new bioactive compounds. Here we report the production of hepatotoxins and new protease inhibitors from benthic Nostoc sp. CENA543 isolated from a small, shallow, saline-alkaline lake in the Nhecolândia, Pantanal wetland area in Brazil. Nostoc sp. CENA543 produces exceptionally high amounts of nodularin-R. This is the first free-living Nostoc that produces nodularin at comparable levels as the toxic, bloom-forming, Nodularia spumigena. We also characterized pseudospumigins A–F, which are a novel family of linear tetrapeptides. Pseudospumigins are structurally related to linear tetrapeptide spumigins and aeruginosins both present in N. spumigena but differ in respect to their diagnostic amino acid, which is Ile/Leu/Val in pseudospumigins, Pro/mPro in spumigins, and Choi in aeruginosins. The pseudospumigin gene cluster is more similar to the spumigin biosynthetic gene cluster than the aeruginosin gene cluster. Pseudospumigin A inhibited trypsin (IC50 4.5 μM after 1 h) in a similar manner as spumigin E from N. spumigena but was almost two orders of magnitude less potent. This study identifies another location and environment where the hepatotoxic nodularin has the potential to cause the death of eukaryotic organisms. PMID:29062311

Determination of chromium (VI) in primary and secondary fertilizer and their respective precursors.

PubMed

Krüger, Oliver; Fiedler, Francesca; Adam, Christian; Vogel, Christian; Senz, Rainer

2017-09-01

Hexavalent chromium species (Cr(VI)) are often carcinogenic, of high acute toxicity, highly mobile, and thus pose a severe risk to health and environment. Fertilizers usually contain significant amounts of chromium. Therefore, a reliable analysis of chromium and the fraction of Cr(VI) are crucial for safe use of fertilizers. This problem is expected to increase in the future, since more and more recycled fertilizers emerge due to increasing fertilizer demand and respective supply risks. However, existing analytical methods have been developed for conventional fertilizers and have to be tested whether they are suitable for the new materials. Thus, we performed a wet-chemical extraction for Cr(VI) on several matrices as well as respective quality control experiments including spiking with Cr(III) and Cr(VI) compounds. We found the Cr(VI) amounts to be below 2 mg/kg except for a thermally post-treated sewage sludge ash (SSA) that showed 12.3 mg/kg. The presence of organic matter e.g. in sludge or precipitated struvite caused a reduction of spiked Cr(VI) and thus no satisfying recovery for quality control. Cr(VI) reduction was also observed for SSA, presumably due to the presence of Fe(II) compounds. Even though the tested procedure can be hampered in some recycled fertilizer matrices, it might be adapted to be applicable also for these complex samples. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Variation trend of snowfall in the Kamikochi region of the Japanese Alps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suzuki, K.

2017-12-01

The Japanese Alps experience exceptionally heavy snowfall, extreme even by global standards, and in spring and summer the melting snow becomes a valuable water resource. The snow effectively acts as a natural dam when it accumulates in watersheds during winter. However, there have been no observations of the amount of snow in high-altitude regions of Japan. Therefore, we cannot discuss the effect of global warming on the change in the amount of snow in these regions based on direct observation data. We were, however, able to obtain climatic and hydrologic data for high-altitude sites in the Japanese Alps, and discuss the variations in these conditions in the Kamikochi region (altitude 1490 m-3190 m) of the Japanese Alps over a 68-year period using these observed data. No long-term trends are observed in the annual mean, maximum, or minimum temperatures at Taisho-ike from 1945 to 2012; the total annual precipitation shows a statistically significant decreasing trend. The annual total snowfall at Taisho-ike from 1969 to 2012 shows a statistically significant increasing trend. The annual total runoff of the Azusa River from 1945 to 2012 shows a statistically significant increasing trend, as does the snowmelt runoff to the river (which occurs from May to July). We can thus conclude that the annual snowfall in the Azusa River catchment has increased in recent years.

29 CFR 870.11 - Exceptions to the restrictions provided by section 303(a) of the CCPA and priorities among...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Act. (2) Accordingly the Consumer Credit Protection Act does not restrict in any way the amount which..., the Consumer Credit Protection Act permits garnishment for the support of any person of only the... debt, and these garnishments have priority, the Consumer Credit Protection Act does not permit...

42 CFR 440.240 - Comparability of services for groups.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Comparability of services for groups. 440.240... Applicable to All Services § 440.240 Comparability of services for groups. Except as limited in § 440.250— (a... groups are equal in amount, duration, and scope for all beneficiaries within the group: (1) The...

42 CFR 440.240 - Comparability of services for groups.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Comparability of services for groups. 440.240... Applicable to All Services § 440.240 Comparability of services for groups. Except as limited in § 440.250— (a... groups are equal in amount, duration, and scope for all beneficiaries within the group: (1) The...

5 CFR 550.112 - Computation of overtime work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... meal time. (1) Bona fide sleep and meal periods may not be considered hours of work, except as provided... a call to duty, the time spent on duty is hours of work. (2) Sleep and meal periods during regularly....C. 5545(c)(1), the amount of bona fide sleep and meal time excluded from hours of work may not...

5 CFR 550.112 - Computation of overtime work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... meal time. (1) Bona fide sleep and meal periods may not be considered hours of work, except as provided... a call to duty, the time spent on duty is hours of work. (2) Sleep and meal periods during regularly....C. 5545(c)(1), the amount of bona fide sleep and meal time excluded from hours of work may not...

24 CFR 982.503 - Voucher tenancy: Payment standard amount and schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... to provide a family who has made sustained efforts to locate suitable housing with additional search... used to calculate the monthly housing assistance payment for a family (§ 982.505). (3) The PHA voucher... section for all units, or for all units of a given unit size, leased by program families in the exception...

24 CFR 982.503 - Voucher tenancy: Payment standard amount and schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... to provide a family who has made sustained efforts to locate suitable housing with additional search... used to calculate the monthly housing assistance payment for a family (§ 982.505). (3) The PHA voucher... section for all units, or for all units of a given unit size, leased by program families in the exception...

24 CFR 982.503 - Voucher tenancy: Payment standard amount and schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... to provide a family who has made sustained efforts to locate suitable housing with additional search... used to calculate the monthly housing assistance payment for a family (§ 982.505). (3) The PHA voucher... section for all units, or for all units of a given unit size, leased by program families in the exception...

24 CFR 982.503 - Voucher tenancy: Payment standard amount and schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... to provide a family who has made sustained efforts to locate suitable housing with additional search... used to calculate the monthly housing assistance payment for a family (§ 982.505). (3) The PHA voucher... section for all units, or for all units of a given unit size, leased by program families in the exception...

12 CFR 227.22 - Unfair acts or practices regarding time to make payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM UNFAIR OR DECEPTIVE ACTS OR PRACTICES (REGULATION AA) Consumer Credit Card.... Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, a bank must not treat a payment on a consumer credit card account as late for any purpose unless the consumer has been provided a reasonable amount of time...

37 CFR 2.207 - Methods of payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... credit card, except for replenishing a deposit account. Payment of a fee by credit card must specify the amount to be charged to the credit card and such other information as is necessary to process the charge... fees to a credit card. If credit card information is provided on a form or document other than a form...

Substitution and the USDA Forest Service log export restrictions.

Treesearch

Gary R. Lindell

1980-01-01

With some exceptions, the substitution of national forest timber for exported private timber is forbidden by regulations. Certain firms may use a limited amount of national forest timber as replacement for exported private timber, however, in accordance with their pattern of purchases and exports from 1971 through 1973. About 359 million board feet of national forest...

27 CFR 27.42a - Still wines containing carbon dioxide.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... Still wines may contain not more than 0.392 gram of carbon dioxide per 100 milliliters of wine; except that a tolerance to this maximum limitation, not to exceed 0.009 gram of carbon dioxide per 100 milliliters of wine, will be allowed where the amount of carbon dioxide in excess of 0.392 gram per 100...

27 CFR 27.42a - Still wines containing carbon dioxide.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

.... Still wines may contain not more than 0.392 gram of carbon dioxide per 100 milliliters of wine; except that a tolerance to this maximum limitation, not to exceed 0.009 gram of carbon dioxide per 100 milliliters of wine, will be allowed where the amount of carbon dioxide in excess of 0.392 gram per 100...

27 CFR 27.42a - Still wines containing carbon dioxide.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

.... Still wines may contain not more than 0.392 gram of carbon dioxide per 100 milliliters of wine; except that a tolerance to this maximum limitation, not to exceed 0.009 gram of carbon dioxide per 100 milliliters of wine, will be allowed where the amount of carbon dioxide in excess of 0.392 gram per 100...

27 CFR 27.42a - Still wines containing carbon dioxide.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

.... Still wines may contain not more than 0.392 gram of carbon dioxide per 100 milliliters of wine; except that a tolerance to this maximum limitation, not to exceed 0.009 gram of carbon dioxide per 100 milliliters of wine, will be allowed where the amount of carbon dioxide in excess of 0.392 gram per 100...

27 CFR 27.42a - Still wines containing carbon dioxide.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... Still wines may contain not more than 0.392 gram of carbon dioxide per 100 milliliters of wine; except that a tolerance to this maximum limitation, not to exceed 0.009 gram of carbon dioxide per 100 milliliters of wine, will be allowed where the amount of carbon dioxide in excess of 0.392 gram per 100...

20 CFR 656.19 - Live-in household domestic service workers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... children, and ages of the children, residing in the household; and (iv) That free board and a private room...; (iii) That the alien is free to leave the employer's premises during all non-work hours except the... performed by the alien; (vi) The total amount of any money to be advanced by the employer with details of...

20 CFR 656.19 - Live-in household domestic service workers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... children, and ages of the children, residing in the household; and (iv) That free board and a private room...; (iii) That the alien is free to leave the employer's premises during all non-work hours except the... performed by the alien; (vi) The total amount of any money to be advanced by the employer with details of...

20 CFR 656.19 - Live-in household domestic service workers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... children, and ages of the children, residing in the household; and (iv) That free board and a private room...; (iii) That the alien is free to leave the employer's premises during all non-work hours except the... performed by the alien; (vi) The total amount of any money to be advanced by the employer with details of...

25 CFR 214.10 - Royalty rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Royalty rates. 214.10 Section 214.10 Indians BUREAU OF..., OKLAHOMA, FOR MINING, EXCEPT OIL AND GAS § 214.10 Royalty rates. Royalties will be required as follows... paid for lead and zinc shall be computed for each mineral at the same rate that the amount of the...

25 CFR 214.10 - Royalty rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Royalty rates. 214.10 Section 214.10 Indians BUREAU OF..., OKLAHOMA, FOR MINING, EXCEPT OIL AND GAS § 214.10 Royalty rates. Royalties will be required as follows... paid for lead and zinc shall be computed for each mineral at the same rate that the amount of the...

37 CFR 2.207 - Methods of payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... credit card, except for replenishing a deposit account. Payment of a fee by credit card must specify the amount to be charged to the credit card and such other information as is necessary to process the charge... fees to a credit card. If credit card information is provided on a form or document other than a form...

37 CFR 2.207 - Methods of payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... credit card, except for replenishing a deposit account. Payment of a fee by credit card must specify the amount to be charged to the credit card and such other information as is necessary to process the charge... fees to a credit card. If credit card information is provided on a form or document other than a form...

37 CFR 2.207 - Methods of payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... credit card, except for replenishing a deposit account. Payment of a fee by credit card must specify the amount to be charged to the credit card and such other information as is necessary to process the charge... fees to a credit card. If credit card information is provided on a form or document other than a form...

The Nutrient Pool of Five Important Bottomland Hardwood Soils

Treesearch

John K. Francis

1988-01-01

Heretofore, with the exception of N, the concentration of total nutrients and the amount of variation in nutrient concentrations among and within soil series and depths within the rooting zone of forested alluvial soils of the South was unknown. Information about total nutrient concentrations is important in studying the danger of nutrient depletion posed by total tree...

12 CFR 19.240 - Civil money penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Civil money penalties. 19.240 Section 19.240... PROCEDURE Civil Money Penalty Adjustments § 19.240 Civil money penalties. (a) The maximum amount of each civil money penalty within the OCC's jurisdiction is set forth as follows: ER06NO12.002 (b) Except as...

12 CFR 19.240 - Civil money penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Civil money penalties. 19.240 Section 19.240... PROCEDURE Civil Money Penalty Adjustments § 19.240 Civil money penalties. (a) The maximum amount of each civil money penalty within the OCC's jurisdiction is set forth as follows: ER06NO12.002 (b) Except as...

12 CFR 210.11 - Availability of proceeds of noncash items; time schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... of proceeds of noncash items; time schedule. (a) Availability of credit. A Reserve Bank shall give... collected funds (or advice from another Reserve Bank of such payment to it). The amount of the item is... by the sender when the Reserve Bank receives the payment or advice, except as provided in paragraph...

12 CFR 210.11 - Availability of proceeds of noncash items; time schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... of proceeds of noncash items; time schedule. (a) Availability of credit. A Reserve Bank shall give... collected funds (or advice from another Reserve Bank of such payment to it). The amount of the item is... by the sender when the Reserve Bank receives the payment or advice, except as provided in paragraph...

26 CFR 1.332-4 - Liquidations covering more than one taxable year.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... extending over a period of more than one taxable year, the nonrecognition of gain or loss with respect to... exception provided in section 332 to the general rule for computing gain or loss with respect to amounts... have a copy. On and after September 1, 1953, the functions of the Commissioner with respect to such...

26 CFR 1.332-4 - Liquidations covering more than one taxable year.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... extending over a period of more than one taxable year, the nonrecognition of gain or loss with respect to... exception provided in section 332 to the general rule for computing gain or loss with respect to amounts... have a copy. On and after September 1, 1953, the functions of the Commissioner with respect to such...

31 CFR 363.55 - May I transfer my book-entry savings bonds to another person?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Book-Entry Savings Bonds Purchased Through Treasury... a minimum amount of $25. The transfer may only be made as a gift or in response to a final judgment... is a gift or a specified exception. (b) We do not permit the transfer of savings bonds for...

20 CFR 404.510 - When an individual is “without fault” in a deduction overpayment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... linguistic limitations (including any lack of facility with the English language) the individual has. Except... good faith that he was entitled to checks subsequently received. (h) Lack of knowledge that bonuses... amount for such year. (k) Lack of knowledge by a wife, husband, or child entitled to wife's, husband's...

36 CFR 223.203 - Indirect substitution exception for National Forest System timber from within Washington State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... unprocessed timber was limited to whichever is less: (i) The higher of the applicant's actual purchase.... (b) Application, review and approval process. To obtain a share of the 50 million board feet exempted.... Applicants were notified of the approving official's decision by letter. If approved, the amount of the...

40 CFR 66.61 - Duty to pay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Duty to pay. 66.61 Section 66.61... COLLECTION OF NONCOMPLIANCE PENALTIES BY EPA Payment § 66.61 Duty to pay. (a) Except where the owner or... who submits a petition pursuant to § 66.52 shall pay the penalty amount calculated by the owner or...

Nutritional profile of selected expectant mothers and the cost of pregnancy.

PubMed

Purushothaman, V; Kupputhai, U; Meenakshi, N D

1988-08-01

The nutritional profile during pregnancy, pregnancy-related expenditures, and pregnancy wastage were analyzed in 316 women attending a maternity or general hospital in Coimbatore, India. The sample included 195 low-income women (under Rs 600/month), 76 middle-income women (Rs 601-1500/month), and 45 high-income women (above Rs 1500/month). 51% of study participants had 3 fewer children; 71% were literate. The pregnancy diet of low-income women was starchy and inadequate in terms of all nutrients except vitamin C. Middle- and high-income women reported a satisfactory intake of all essential nutrients. The mean weight gain during pregnancy for low-, middle-, and high-income women was 6.41 kg, 7.37 kg, and 8.33 kg, respectively, while the mean hemoglobin level was 10.52, 10.74, and 10.96 gm/100 ml, respectively. No study participant was found to be anemic. The rate of pregnancy wastage was 11.8% among low-income women, 7.9% in the middle-income group, and 4.4% among high-income women; mean birthweight was 2.9 kg for low-income mothers and 3.1 kg for the offspring of both middle- and upper-income women. Regardless of income group, all pregnant women spent a substantial amount of extra money during pregnancy on food, clothing, medical examinations, transportation, ceremonies, servants, and delivery charges. These extra expenditures totalled Rs 1295.20 for low-income women, Rs 2913.68 for middle-income women, and Rs 4595.01 for high-income women. Given the fact that Indian women are investing substantial amounts in their pregnancies, increased attention must be given to prenatal care to prevent pregnancy wastage and the waste of scarce financial resources.

Fumigation of Alcohol in a Light Duty Automotive Diesel Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Broukhiyan, E. M. H.; Lestz, S. S.

1981-01-01

A light-duty automotive Diesel engine was fumigated with methanol in amounts up to 35% and 50% of the total fuel energy respectively in order to determine the effect of alcohol fumigation on engine performance at various operating conditons. Engine fuel efficiency, emissions, smoke, and the occurrence of severe knock were the parameters used to evaluate performance. Raw exhaust particulate and its soluble organic extract were screened for biological activity using the Ames Salmonella typhimurium assay. Results are given for a test matrix made up of twelve steady-state operating conditions. For all conditions except the 1/4 rack (light load) condition, modest thermal efficiency gains were noted upon ethanol fumigation. Methanol showed the same increase at 3/4 and full rack (high load) conditions. However, engine roughness or the occurrence of severe knock limited the maximum amount of alcohol that could be fumigated. Brake specific nitrogen oxide concentrations were found to decrease for all ethanol conditions tested. Oxides of nitrogen emissions, on a volume basis, decreased for all alcohol conditions tested. Based on the limited particulate data analyzed, it appears that ethanol fumigation, like methanol fumigation, while lowering the mass of particulated emitted, does enhance the biological activity of that particulate.

Self-limited growth of the CaF nanowire on the Si(5 5 12)-2 × 1 template

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Hidong; Duvjir, Ganbat; Dugerjav, Otgonbayar; Li, Huiting; Motlak, Moaaed; Arvisbaatar, Amarmunkh; Seo, Jae M.

2012-10-01

The atomic structure and interfacial bonding of the ordered-and-isolated CaF nanowires on Si(5 5 12)-2 × 1 have been disclosed by scanning tunneling microscopy and synchrotron photoemission spectroscopy. Initially, CaF molecules dissociated from thermally deposited CaF2 molecules are adsorbed preferentially on the chain structures of Si(5 5 12)-2 × 1 held at 500 °C. With increasing CaF2 deposition amount, one-dimensional (1D) CaF nanowires composed of (113) and (111) facets are formed. The line density of these CaF nanowires increases as a function of deposition amount. Finally, at a submonolayer coverage, the surface is saturated with these 1D nanowires except for the (225) subunit, while the original period of Si(5 5 12)-2 × 1, 5.35 nm, is preserved. It has been deduced by the present studies that, owing to these preferential adsorption of CaF and facet-dependent growth of a CaF layer within a unit periodic length of Si(5 5 12)-2 × 1, such a self-limited growth of the CaF nanowire with a high aspect ratio becomes possible.

Essential amino acids: master regulators of nutrition and environmental footprint?

PubMed Central

Tessari, Paolo; Lante, Anna; Mosca, Giuliano

2016-01-01

The environmental footprint of animal food production is considered several-fold greater than that of crops cultivation. Therefore, the choice between animal and vegetarian diets may have a relevant environmental impact. In such comparisons however, an often neglected issue is the nutritional value of foods. Previous estimates of nutrients’ environmental footprint had predominantly been based on either food raw weight or caloric content, not in respect to human requirements. Essential amino acids (EAAs) are key parameters in food quality assessment. We re-evaluated here the environmental footprint (expressed both as land use for production and as Green House Gas Emission (GHGE), of some animal and vegetal foods, titrated to provide EAAs amounts in respect to human requirements. Production of high-quality animal proteins, in amounts sufficient to match the Recommended Daily Allowances of all the EAAs, would require a land use and a GHGE approximately equal, greater o smaller (by only ±1-fold), than that necessary to produce vegetal proteins, except for soybeans, that exhibited the smallest footprint. This new analysis downsizes the common concept of a large advantage, in respect to environmental footprint, of crops vs. animal foods production, when human requirements of EAAs are used for reference. PMID:27221394

Influence of laser-target interaction regime on composition and properties of surface layers grown by laser treatment of Ti plates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lavisse, L.; Berger, P.; Cirisan, M.; Jouvard, J. M.; Bourgeois, S.; de Lucas, M. C. Marco

2009-12-01

Surface laser treatment of commercially pure titanium plates was performed in air using two different Nd : YAG sources delivering pulses of 5 and 35 ns. The laser fluence conditions were set to obtain with each source either yellow or blue surface layers. Nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) was used to quantify the amount of light elements in the formed layers. Titanium oxinitrides, containing different amounts of oxygen and nitrogen, were mainly found, except in the case of long pulses and high laser fluence, which led to the growth of titanium dioxide. The structure of the layers was studied by x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, reflectance spectra showed the transition from a metal-like behaviour to an insulating TiO2-like behaviour as a function of the treatment conditions. Modelling of the laser-target interaction on the basis of the Semak model was performed to understand the different compositions and properties of the layers. Numerical calculations showed that vaporization dominates in the case of short pulses, whereas a liquid-ablation regime is achieved in the case of 35 ns long pulses.

Essential amino acids: master regulators of nutrition and environmental footprint?

PubMed

Tessari, Paolo; Lante, Anna; Mosca, Giuliano

2016-05-25

The environmental footprint of animal food production is considered several-fold greater than that of crops cultivation. Therefore, the choice between animal and vegetarian diets may have a relevant environmental impact. In such comparisons however, an often neglected issue is the nutritional value of foods. Previous estimates of nutrients' environmental footprint had predominantly been based on either food raw weight or caloric content, not in respect to human requirements. Essential amino acids (EAAs) are key parameters in food quality assessment. We re-evaluated here the environmental footprint (expressed both as land use for production and as Green House Gas Emission (GHGE), of some animal and vegetal foods, titrated to provide EAAs amounts in respect to human requirements. Production of high-quality animal proteins, in amounts sufficient to match the Recommended Daily Allowances of all the EAAs, would require a land use and a GHGE approximately equal, greater o smaller (by only ±1-fold), than that necessary to produce vegetal proteins, except for soybeans, that exhibited the smallest footprint. This new analysis downsizes the common concept of a large advantage, in respect to environmental footprint, of crops vs. animal foods production, when human requirements of EAAs are used for reference.

Assessing global carbon burial during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2, Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Owens, J. D.; Lyons, T. W.; Lowery, C. M.

2017-12-01

Reconstructing the areal extent and total amount of organic carbon burial during ancient events remains elusive even for the best documented oceanic anoxic event (OAE) in Earth history, the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event ( 93.9 Ma), or OAE 2. Reports from 150 OAE 2 localities provide a wide global distribution. However, despite the large number of sections, the majority are found within the proto-Atlantic and Tethyan oceans and interior seaways. Considering these gaps in spatial coverage, the pervasive increase in organic carbon (OC) burial during OAE2 that drove carbon isotope values more positive (average of 4‰) can provide additional insight. These isotope data allow us to estimate the total global burial of OC, even for unstudied portions of the global ocean. Thus, we can solve for any `missing' OC sinks by comparing our estimates from a forward carbon-isotope box model with the known, mapped distribution of OC for OAE 2 sediments. Using the known OC distribution and reasonably extrapolating to the surrounding regions of analogous depositional conditions accounts for only 13% of the total seafloor, mostly in marginal marine settings. This small geographic area accounts for more OC burial than the entire modern ocean, but significantly less than the amount necessary to produce the observed isotope record. Using modern and OAE 2 average OC rates we extrapolate further to appropriate depositional settings in the unknown portions of seafloor, mostly deep abyssal plains. This addition significantly increases the predicted amount buried but still does not account for total burial. Additional sources, including hydrocarbon migration, lacustrine, and coal also cannot account for the missing OC. This difference points to unknown portions of the open ocean with high TOC contents or exceptionally high TOC in productive marginal marine regions, which are underestimated in our extrapolations. This difference might be explained by highly productive margins within the Pacific.

A comprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of cigarette ingredients: carbohydrates and natural products.

PubMed

Coggins, Christopher R E; Wagner, Karl A; Werley, Michael S; Oldham, Michael J

2011-06-01

Eleven carbohydrates and natural product ingredients were added individually to experimental cigarettes. A battery of tests was used to compare toxicity of mainstream smoke from these experimental cigarettes to matched control cigarettes without test ingredients. Smoke fractions from each cigarette type were evaluated using analytical chemistry; in vitro cytotoxicity (neutral red uptake) and in vitro bacterial (Salmonella) mutagenicity (five strains) testing. For 10 ingredients (β-cyclodextrin, cleargum, D-sorbitol, high fructose corn syrup, honey, invert sugar, maltodextrin, molasses, raisin juice concentrate, and sucrose), 90-day nose-only smoke inhalation studies using rats were also performed. In general, addition of each ingredient in experimental cigarettes resulted in minimal changes in smoke chemistry; the exceptions were D-sorbitol and sucrose, where reductions in amount of 60% to 80% of control values for some smoke constituents were noted. Additionally, each ingredient resulted in small increases in smoke formaldehyde concentrations. Except for a reduction in cytotoxicity by inclusion of maltodextrin and an increase by inclusion of plum juice concentrate, the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity results were unaffected by addition of the other ingredients in experimental cigarettes. There were also very few statistically significant differences within any of the 10 inhalation studies, and when present, the differences were largely sporadic and inconsistent between sexes. The carbohydrates and natural products tested here as ingredients in experimental cigarettes as a class increased formaldehyde, but resulted in minimal toxicological responses, even at high inclusion levels compared with the levels used in commercial cigarette products.

Development of an accurate and high-throughput methodology for structural comprehension of chlorophylls derivatives. (I) Phytylated derivatives.

PubMed

Chen, Kewei; Ríos, José Julián; Pérez-Gálvez, Antonio; Roca, María

2015-08-07

Phytylated chlorophyll derivatives undergo specific oxidative reactions through the natural metabolism or during food processing or storage, and consequently pyro-, 13(2)-hydroxy-, 15(1)-hydroxy-lactone chlorophylls, and pheophytins (a and b) are originated. New analytical procedures have been developed here to reproduce controlled oxidation reactions that specifically, and in reasonable amounts, produce those natural target standards. At the same time and under the same conditions, 16 natural chlorophyll derivatives have been analyzed by APCI-HPLC-hrMS(2) and most of them by the first time. The combination of the high-resolution MS mode with powerful post-processing software has allowed the identification of new fragmentation patterns, characterizing specific product ions for some particular standards. In addition, new hypotheses and reaction mechanisms for the established MS(2)-based reactions have been proposed. As a general rule, the main product ions involve the phytyl and the propionic chains but the introduction of oxygenated functional groups at the isocyclic ring produces new and specific productions and at the same time inhibits some particular fragmentations. It is noteworthy that all b derivatives, except 15(1)-hydroxy-lactone compounds, undergo specific CO losses. We propose a new reaction mechanism based in the structural configuration of a and b chlorophyll derivatives that explain the exclusive CO fragmentation in all b series except for 15(1)-hydroxy-lactone b and all a series compounds. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Effects of Trivalent Lanthanide Cationization on the Electron Transfer Dissociation of Acidic Fibrinopeptide B and its Analogs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Commodore, Juliette J.; Cassady, Carolyn J.

2016-09-01

Electrospray ionization (ESI) on mixtures of acidic fibrinopeptide B and two peptide analogs with trivalent lanthanide salts generates [M + Met + H]4+, [M + Met]3+, and [M + Met -H]2+, where M = peptide and Met = metal (except radioactive promethium). These ions undergo extensive and highly efficient electron transfer dissociation (ETD) to form metallated and non-metallated c- and z-ions. All metal adducted product ions contain at least two acidic sites, which suggest attachment of the lanthanide cation at the side chains of one or more acidic residues. The three peptides undergo similar fragmentation. ETD on [M + Met + H]4+ leads to cleavage at every residue; the presence of both a metal ion and an extra proton is very effective in promoting sequence-informative fragmentation. Backbone dissociation of [M + Met]3+ is also extensive, although cleavage does not always occur between adjacent glutamic acid residues. For [M + Met - H ]2+, a more limited range of product ions form. All lanthanide metal peptide complexes display similar fragmentation except for europium (Eu). ETD on [M + Eu - H]2+ and [M + Eu]3+ yields a limited amount of peptide backbone cleavage; however, [M + Eu + H]4+ dissociates extensively with cleavage at every residue. With the exception of the results for Eu(III), metallated peptide ion formation by ESI, ETD fragmentation efficiencies, and product ion formation are unaffected by the identity of the lanthanide cation. Adduction with trivalent lanthanide metal ions is a promising tool for sequence analysis of acidic peptides by ETD.

Seasonal changes in amino acids, protein and total nitrogen in needles of fertilized Scots pine trees.

PubMed

Näsholm, T; Ericsson, A

1990-09-01

Seasonal changes in amino acids, protein and total nitrogen in needles of 30-year-old, fertilized Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees growing in Northern Sweden were investigated over two years in field experiments. The studied plots had been fertilized annually for 17 years with (i) a high level of N, (ii) a medium level of N, or (iii) a medium level of N, P and K. Trees growing on unfertilized plots served as controls. In control trees, glutamine, glutamic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, aspartic acid and proline represented 50-70% of the total free amino acids determined. Arginine was present only in low concentrations in control trees throughout the year, but it was usually the most abundant amino acid in fertilized trees. Glutamine concentrations were high during the spring and summer in both years of study, whereas proline concentrations were high in the spring but otherwise low throughout the year. In the first year of study, glutamic acid concentrations were high during the spring and summer, whereas gamma-aminobutyric acid was present in high concentrations during the winter months. This pattern was less pronounced in the second year of investigation. The concentrations of most amino acids, except glutamic acid, increased in response to fertilization. Nitrogen fertilization increased the foliar concentration of arginine from < 1 micromol g(dw) (-1) in control trees to a maximum of 110 micromol g(dw) (-1). Trees fertilized with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium had significantly lower arginine concentrations than trees fertilized with the same amount of nitrogen only. Protein concentrations were similar in all fertilized trees but higher than those in control trees. For all treatments, protein concentrations were high in winter and at a minimum in early spring. In summer, the protein concentration remained almost constant except for a temporary decrease which coincided with the expansion of new shoots. Apart from arginine, the amino acid composition of proteins was similar in all treatments.

Physical, Rheological, Functional, and Film Properties of a Novel Emulsifier: Frost Grape Polysaccharide from Vitis riparia Michx.

PubMed

Hay, William T; Vaughn, Steven F; Byars, Jeffrey A; Selling, Gordon W; Holthaus, Derek M; Price, Neil P J

2017-10-04

A novel emulsifier, Frost grape polysaccharide (FGP), isolated from natural exudate of the species Vitis riparia Michx, was physically and rheologically characterized. The determination of the physical, structural, thermodynamic, emulsification, film, and rheological properties of FGP provide essential details for the commercial adoption of this novel plant polysaccharide. FGP is capable of producing exceptionally stable emulsions when compared with the industrially ubiquitous gum arabic (GA). The FGP isolate contained a negligible amount of nitrogen (0.03%), indicating that it does not contain an associated glycoprotein, unlike GA. Solutions of FGP have a high degree of thermostability, displaying no loss in viscosity with temperature cycling and no thermal degradation when held at 90 °C. FGP is an excellent film former, producing high tensile strength films which remain intact at temperatures up to 200 °C. This work identified a number of potential food and pharmaceutical applications where FGP is significantly superior to GA.

Sorbitol, Rubus fruit, and misconception.

PubMed

Lee, Jungmin

2015-01-01

It is unclear how the misunderstanding that Rubus fruits (e.g., blackberries, raspberries) are high in sugar alcohol began, or when it started circulating in the United States. In reality, they contain little sugar alcohol. Numerous research groups have reported zero detectable amounts of sugar alcohol in fully ripe Rubus fruit, with the exception of three out of 82 Rubus fruit samples (cloudberry 0.01 g/100 g, red raspberry 0.03 g/100 g, and blackberry 4.8 g/100 g(∗); (∗)highly unusual as 73 other blackberry samples contained no detectable sorbitol). Past findings on simple carbohydrate composition of Rubus fruit, other commonly consumed Rosaceae fruit, and additional fruits (24 genera and species) are summarised. We are hopeful that this review will clarify Rosaceae fruit sugar alcohol concentrations and individual sugar composition; examples of non-Rosaceae fruit and prepared foods containing sugar alcohol are included for comparison. A brief summary of sugar alcohol and health will also be presented. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Effect of addition of organic waste on reduction of Escherichia coli during cattle feces composting under high-moisture condition.

PubMed

Hanajima, Dai; Kuroda, Kazutaka; Fukumoto, Yasuyuki; Haga, Kiyonori

2006-09-01

To ensure Escherichia coli reduction during cattle feces composting, co-composting with a variety of organic wastes was examined. A mixture of dairy cattle feces and shredded rice straw (control) was blended with organic wastes (tofu residue, rice bran, rapeseed meal, dried chicken feces, raw chicken feces, or garbage), and composted using a bench-scale composter under the high-moisture condition (78%). The addition of organic waste except chicken feces brought about maximum temperatures of more than 55 degrees C and significantly reduced the number of E. coli from 10(6) to below 10(2)CFU/g-wet after seven days composting, while in the control treatment, E. coli survived at the same level as that of raw feces. Enhancements of the thermophilic phase and E. coli reduction were related to the initial amount of easily digestible carbon in mass determined as BOD. BOD value more than 166.2 mg O2/DMg brought about significant E. coli reduction.

Occurrence of 95 pharmaceuticals and transformation products in urban groundwaters underlying the metropolis of Barcelona, Spain.

PubMed

López-Serna, Rebeca; Jurado, Anna; Vázquez-Suñé, Enric; Carrera, Jesus; Petrović, Mira; Barceló, Damià

2013-03-01

The present paper presents the occurrence of 72 pharmaceuticals and 23 transformation products (TPs) in groundwaters (GWs) underlying the city of Barcelona, Spain. Thirty-one samples were collected under different districts, and at different depths. Aquifers with different geologic features and source of recharge were included, i.e., natural bank filtration, infiltration from wastewater and water supply pipes, rainfall recharge, etc. Antibiotics were the most frequently found compounds detected at levels reaching 1000 ng L(-1). Natural bank filtration from the river that receives large amounts of effluents from waste water treatment plants (WWTPs), turned out being the most influencing source of contamination, thus GW showed high range of compounds and concentrations as high as or even higher than in the river itself. In general, TPs were found at lower concentrations than the corresponding parent compounds, with some exceptions, such as 4OH propranolol and enalaprilat. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A universal sample manipulator with 50 kV negative bias

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kenny, M. J.; Wielunski, L. S.; Scott, M. D.; Clissold, R. A.; Stevenson, D.; Baxter, G.

1991-04-01

A manipulator incorporating a number of novel features has been built for a research ion implanter. The system is designed to enable uniform dose implantation of both planar and nonplanar surfaces by incorporating one translational and two rotational degrees of freedom. Negative target bias of up to 50 kV may be applied to the target, thus increasing the ion energy by this amount. The target chamber and all external manipulator controls are grounded. With the exception of the high voltage power supply, cable and feedthrough, all high voltage components are within the vacuum system. A secondary electron suppression cage which can be held at a negative bias of up to 60 kV relative to the chamber (i.e. 10 kV relative to the manipulator) surrounds the manipulator. Performance has been evaluated using 15N ions and nuclear reaction analysis through 15N(p,α) 12C to profile ion concentrations for dose uniformity and for ion depth at elevated target potentials.

What the Medical Records Revolution Means to Your Special Child

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dorsett, Tom

2008-01-01

As every exceptional parent knows, the needs of a special child are, simply put, special. For every area of life, an extra amount of thought and care must be taken--whether it is education, traveling considerations, and, especially, healthcare. However, it is in the area of healthcare that parents say they face the most challenge. For years,…

77 FR 6549 - Notice of Availability for Public Comment of Interconnection Facilities Studies Prepared for the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-08

...,250 megawatts of electric power produced from wind turbines to be located in the vicinity of La... States to Mexico, except for the small amount of electrical energy needed for wind turbine lubrication... connect a wind energy project to be built in the vicinity of La Rumorosa, Baja California, Mexico, to San...

34 CFR 694.10 - What are the requirements for awards under the program's scholarship component under section 404E...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...'s scholarship component under section 404E of the HEA? 694.10 Section 694.10 Education Regulations... What are the requirements for awards under the program's scholarship component under section 404E of the HEA? (a) Amount of scholarship. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, the...

26 CFR 1.79-3 - Determination of amount equal to cost of group-term life insurance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... an employee's life which is to be included in his gross income pursuant to the rule of inclusion set..., of group-term life insurance on such employee's life to which the rule of inclusion set forth in... policy, or portion of a policy, which qualifies for one of the exceptions to the rule of inclusion...

Application of LANDSAT data to delimitation of avalanche hazards in Montane, Colorado

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knepper, D. H. (Principal Investigator); Summer, R.

1976-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. With rare exceptions, avalanche areas cannot be identified on LANDSAT imagery. Avalanche hazard mapping on a regional scale is best conducted using LANDSAT imagery in conjunction with complementary data sources. Level of detail of such maps will be limited by the amount and completeness of the complementary information used.

75 FR 12518 - Publication of Housing Price Inflation Adjustment Under 50 U.S.C. App. 531

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-16

...: Notice. SUMMARY: The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, as codified at 50 U.S.C. App. 531, prohibits a... military service except by court order. The law as originally passed by Congress applied to dwellings with monthly rents of $2,400 or less. The law requires the Department of Defense to adjust this amount annually...

Growth of 11 introduced tree species on selected forest sites in Hawaii

Treesearch

Michael G Buck; Roger H. Imoto

1982-01-01

Growth and volume data for trees on 25 plots reprsenting 11 introduced species in Hawaii were recorded during a 21-year period. Tree were measured at about 5-year intervals to determine overall growth and stand development. The sites selected were considered better-than-average in terms of elevation, amount of precipitation, and soil quality. Except for redwood, stands...

26 CFR 1.6042-1 - Return of information as to dividends paid in calendar years before 1963.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... owner or payee, the name of the issuing corporation, the number of shares of such stock, and the amount... such actual owner (without itemization as to the issuing company, class of stock, etc.). (2) Exceptions... periodical distributions of earnings on running installment shares of stock paid or credited by a building...

47 CFR 1.1106 - Schedule of charges for applications and other filings for the enforcement services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

.... Box 979094, St. Louis, MO 63197-9000 with the exception of Accounting and Audits, which will be...($) Paymenttype code 1. Formal Complaints Corres & 159 $200.00 CIZ 2. Accounting and Audits: a. Field Audit Carriers will be invoiced for the amount due 103,215.00 BMA b. Review of Attest Audit Carriers will be...

Twelve-year acorn yield in Southern Appalachian Oaks

Treesearch

Donald E. Beck

1977-01-01

A 12-year sample from Southern Appalachian oak stands showed acorns to be a valuable though inconsistent source of wildlife food. At least moderate amounts of acorns were produced in 9 of the years, with 4 years being exceptionally good. In 3 of the years, acorn production was very low. There were distinct differences in the production of acorns by the five species...

Handbook 2006-2007: Federal Student Aid. Volume 3--Calculating Awards & Packaging

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Department of Education, 2006

2006-01-01

Every eligible program, including graduate programs, must have a defined academic year. Award limits are generally connected to a period of time. For instance, all of the programs except Federal Work-Study have a maximum amount that can be awarded for an academic year or award year. This handbook is a resource for learning about Federal Student…

20 CFR 418.2201 - When will we determine your income-related monthly adjustment amount based on the modified...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... more recent tax year? 418.2201 Section 418.2201 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION... Determinations Using A More Recent Tax Year's Modified Adjusted Gross Income § 418.2201 When will we determine... that you provide for a more recent tax year? We will follow the rules in § 418.1201, except that any...

20 CFR 418.2201 - When will we determine your income-related monthly adjustment amount based on the modified...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... more recent tax year? 418.2201 Section 418.2201 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION... Determinations Using A More Recent Tax Year's Modified Adjusted Gross Income § 418.2201 When will we determine... that you provide for a more recent tax year? We will follow the rules in § 418.1201, except that any...

20 CFR 418.2201 - When will we determine your income-related monthly adjustment amount based on the modified...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... more recent tax year? 418.2201 Section 418.2201 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION... Determinations Using A More Recent Tax Year's Modified Adjusted Gross Income § 418.2201 When will we determine... that you provide for a more recent tax year? We will follow the rules in § 418.1201, except that any...

20 CFR 418.2201 - When will we determine your income-related monthly adjustment amount based on the modified...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... more recent tax year? 418.2201 Section 418.2201 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION... Determinations Using A More Recent Tax Year's Modified Adjusted Gross Income § 418.2201 When will we determine... that you provide for a more recent tax year? We will follow the rules in § 418.1201, except that any...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leri, Alessandra C.; Northrup, Paul A.; Mayer, Lawrence M.

Chloride, Cl –, is the most abundant solute in seawater, amounting to 55% of ions by weight. Cl – is more difficult to oxidize than bromide, and marine halogenating enzymes tend to be bromoperoxidases that are incapable of forming organochlorines. Consequently, most halogenated natural products identified in the marine environment are organobromines. Known exceptions include small quantities of volatile chlorocarbons emitted by marine algae and dissolved chlorinated benzoic acids.

7 CFR 1412.32 - Direct payment yield for designated oilseed and pulse crops.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... the higher of the following, except in a year in which the acreage planted to the crop was zero, in which case the production for the crop for such year will be zero: (i) The total production for the applicable year based on the production evidence submitted in accordance with § 1412.34; or (ii) The amount...

7 CFR 1412.32 - Direct payment yield for designated oilseed and pulse crops.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... the higher of the following, except in a year in which the acreage planted to the crop was zero, in which case the production for the crop for such year will be zero: (i) The total production for the applicable year based on the production evidence submitted in accordance with § 1412.34; or (ii) The amount...

Direct synthesis of Z-alkenyl halides through catalytic cross-metathesis

PubMed Central

Koh, Ming Joo; Nguyen, Thach T.; Zhang, Hanmo; Schrock, Richard R.; Hoveyda, Amir H.

2016-01-01

Olefin metathesis has made a significant impact on modern organic chemistry, but important shortcomings remain: for example, the lack of efficient processes that can be used to generate acyclic alkenyl halides. Halo-substituted ruthenium carbene complexes decompose rapidly or deliver low activity and/or minimal stereoselectivity, and our understanding of the corresponding high-oxidation-state systems is very limited. In this manuscript, we show that previously unknown halo-substituted molybdenum alkylidene species are exceptionally reactive and are able to participate in high-yielding olefin metathesis reactions that afford acyclic 1,2-disubstituted Z-alkenyl halides. Transformations are promoted by small amounts of an in situ-generated catalyst with unpurified, commercially available and easy-to-handle liquid 1,2-dihaloethene reagents and proceed to high conversion at ambient temperature within four hours. Many alkenyl chlorides, bromides and fluorides can be obtained in up to 91 percent yield and complete Z selectivity. This method can be used to easily synthesize biologically active compounds and to perform the site- and stereoselective fluorination of other organic compounds. PMID:27008965

Chemical and biological assessment of sediments and water of Khalid Khor, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

PubMed

Samara, Fatin; Elsayed, Yehya; Soghomonian, Balik; Knuteson, Sandra L

2016-10-15

Water and sediments were collected on March 2013 and April 2014 from Khalid Khor creek area in United Arab Emirates to assess their quality parameters. The pH and alkalinity of the water samples were measured and their values were similar to those of shallow saltwater ecosystems. In addition, elemental analyses and organic compounds were done using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), respectively. The concentration of heavy and trace metals in the water samples were within the acceptable limits except for lead which showed high values, while the concentrations of metals in the sediment samples were relatively high and ranged from 6517 to 13,768mg/kg. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of polyaromatic heterocyclic (PAHs) compounds in sediments near the shipping area and in amounts classified as highly carcinogenic; however, no polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were identified. Moreover, fecal bacterial contamination in water was detected in concentrations that range between 300 and 10,140 organisms/100mL. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sources of Radioactive Isotopes for Dirty Bombs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lubenau, Joel

2004-05-01

From the security perspective, radioisotopes and radioactive sources are not created equal. Of the many radioisotopes used in industrial applications, medical treatments, and scientific research, only eight, when present in relatively large amounts in radioactive sources, pose high security risks primarily because of their prevalence and physical properties. These isotopes are americium-241, californium-252, cesium-137, cobalt-60, iridium-192, radium-226, plutonium-238, and strontium-90. Except for the naturally occurring radium-226, nuclear reactors produce the other seven in bulk commercial quantities. Half of these isotopes emit alpha radiation and would, thus, primarily pose internal threats to health; the others are mainly high-energy gamma emitters and would present both external and internal health hazards. Therefore, the response to a "dirty bomb" event depends on what type of radioisotope is chosen and how it is employed. While only a handful of major corporations produce the reactor-generated radioisotopes, they market these materials to thousands of smaller companies and users throughout the world. Improving the security of the high-risk radioactive sources will require, among other efforts, cooperation among source suppliers and regulatory agencies.

Newly Formed Dust in the Core-Collapse Supernova Remnant E0102

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ludwig, Bethany; Sandstrom, Karin; Bolatto, Alberto

2018-01-01

The mechanism of interstellar dust formation is a matter of continuing debate. In the very early universe, some high redshift galaxies are observed to have a substantial amount of dust. This has led to the suggestion that core collapse supernovae must be the producers of much of the dust in the universe. However, most observed supernova remnants (SNRs) in the local universe have measured dust yields far below the necessary levels. Cassiopeia A and SN 1987A are exceptions--in these young remnants, Herschel Space Observatory observations found large quantities of newly-formed dust. In these two cases, the SNR is young enough that the reverse shock has not yet interacted with most of the newly formed dust. To study supernova dust production, we observe SNR 1E0102.2-7219, which is approximately 1000 years old with a reverse shock that has only reached into a small part of its ejecta making it an excellent candidate to search for newly formed dust that has not yet been destroyed by those shocks. Using Herschel data, we carefully model the background around the remnant to remove emission that is unrelated to the SNR. We then measure the mass, temperature, and chemical composition of the dust by fitting the spectral energy distribution. Our findings reveal a substantial amount of previously undetected cold dust in the remnant, suggesting that indeed core collapse supernovae may host substantial amounts of newly formed dust, at least prior to the passage of the reverse shock.

High Operating Temperature and Low Power Consumption Boron Nitride Nanosheets Based Broadband UV Photodetector

PubMed Central

Rivera, Manuel; Velázquez, Rafael; Aldalbahi, Ali; Zhou, Andrew F.; Feng, Peter

2017-01-01

We extend our work on the use of digitally controlled pulsed laser plasma deposition (PLPD) technique to synthesize high quality, 2-dimensional single crystalline boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) at a low substrate temperature for applications in high-performance deep UV photodetectors. The obtained sample consists of a large amount of BNNSs partially overlapping one another with random orientations. Each sheet is composed of a few (from 2 to 10) stacked atomic layers exhibiting high transparency due to its highly ordered hBN crystallinity. Deep UV detectors based on the obtained BNNSs were designed, fabricated, and tested. The bias and temperature effects on the photocurrent strength and the signal-to-noise ratio have been carefully characterized and discussed. A significant shift in the cut off wavelength of the BNNSs based photodetectors was observed suggesting a band gap reduction as a result of the BNNSs’ collective structure. The newly designed photodetector presented exceptional properties: a high sensitivity to weak intensities of radiation in both UVC and UVB range while remaining visible-blind, and a high signal-to-noise ratio operation even at temperatures as high as 400 °C. In addition, the BNNSs based photodetector exhibited potential for self-powered operation. PMID:28256507

Male recombination in Brazilian populations of Drosophila ananassae.

PubMed

Goñi, Beatriz; Matsuda, Muneo; Tobari, Yoshiko N

2016-07-01

With few exceptions, spontaneous crossing over does not normally occur in male Drosophila. Drosophila ananassae males show considerable amounts of crossing over. In wild males of D. ananassae from Asian (2008) and Brazilian populations (1986 and 2007) variable frequencies of meiotic crossing over, estimated from chiasmata counts, suggested the existence of factors controlling male crossing over in these populations. To corroborate for such prediction, we present data on spontaneous recombination in F1 males of D. ananassae heterozygous for chromosomes of the same Brazilian populations (1986) and marker chromosomes using three testers stocks. Mean recombination value was low, although high variability existed between individual frequencies. Recombination frequencies between lines in each tester stock were not significantly different, excepting when the 3ple-px and 3ple-cy testers were compared (p < 0.05). These two testers differ in respect to the regional distribution of crossovers. The occurrence of recombination in chromosomes 2 and 3 in F1 males tested with e(65) se; bri ru was not related, suggesting they are under independent genetic control. Our data are consistent with proposed genetic factors controlling male crossing over in the tester stocks and to the presence of enhancers and suppressors of male crossing over segregating in the Brazilian populations (1986).

Isotopic compositions of (236)U and Pu isotopes in "black substances" collected from roadsides in Fukushima prefecture: fallout from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident.

PubMed

Sakaguchi, Aya; Steier, Peter; Takahashi, Yoshio; Yamamoto, Masayoshi

2014-04-01

Black-colored road dusts were collected in high-radiation areas in Fukushima Prefecture. Measurement of (236)U and Pu isotopes and (134,137)Cs in samples was performed to confirm whether refractory elements, such as U and Pu, from the fuel core were discharged and to ascertain the extent of fractionation between volatile and refractory elements. The concentrations of (134,137)Cs in all samples were exceptionally high, ranging from 0.43 to 17.7 MBq/kg, respectively. (239+240)Pu was detected at low levels, ranging from 0.15 to 1.14 Bq/kg, and with high (238)Pu/(239+240)Pu activity ratios of 1.64-2.64. (236)U was successfully determined in the range of (0.28 to 6.74) × 10(-4) Bq/kg. The observed activity ratios for (236)U/(239+240)Pu were in reasonable agreement with those calculated for the fuel core inventories, indicating that trace amounts of U from the fuel cores were released together with Pu isotopes but without large fractionation. The quantities of U and (239+240)Pu emitted to the atmosphere were estimated as 3.9 × 10(6) Bq (150 g) and 2.3 × 10(9) Bq (580 mg), respectively. With regard to U, this is the first report to give a quantitative estimation of the amount discharged. Appreciable fractionation between volatile and refractory radionuclides associated with the dispersal/deposition processes with distance from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant was found.

Determination of macro and trace elements in multivitamin dietary supplements by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with slurry sampling.

PubMed

Krawczyk, Magdalena

2014-01-01

In this research, three different commercially available multivitamin dietary supplements were analyzed by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GFAAS) with slurry sampling. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Se were determined and compared to the amounts stated by producers. The safety of multivitamin dietary supplements depends on various factors including the manufacturing process and the purity and origins of the raw ingredients. For this reason, this research determined concentrations of several toxic elements (As, Cd, and Pb). Microwave-assisted high pressure Teflon bomb digestion was used to determine total amounts of elements in samples. Samples were prepared as slurries at a concentration of 0.1% (m/v) for macro elements (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Se) and at a concentration of % (m/v) for trace elements (As, Cd, and Pb) in acidic media (3M HNO3). The influence of acid concentration, Triton X-100 addition, sonication time, and sonication power on absorbance was investigated. The accuracy of this method was validated by analyses of NRCC LUTS-1 (Lobster hepatopancreas), NRCC DORM-1 (Dogfish Muscle), NRCC DOLT-2 (Dogfish Liver), NBS SRM 1570 (Spinach Leaves) and NBS SRM 1573 (Tomato Leaves) certified reference materials. The measured elements contents in these reference materials (except NRCC DOLT-2) were in satisfactory agreement with the certified values according to the t-test for a 95% confidence level. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

High Amount of Dietary Fiber Not Harmful But Favorable for Crohn Disease

PubMed Central

Chiba, Mitsuro; Tsuji, Tsuyotoshi; Nakane, Kunio; Komatsu, Masafumi

2015-01-01

Current chronic diseases are a reflection of the westernized diet that features a decreased consumption of dietary fiber. Indigestible dietary fiber is metabolized by gut bacteria, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, to butyrate, which has a critical role in colonic homeostasis owing to a variety of functions. Dietary fiber intake has been significantly inversely associated with the risk of chronic diseases. Crohn disease (CD) is not an exception. However, even authors who reported the inverse association between dietary fiber and a risk of CD made no recommendation of dietary fiber intake to CD patients. Some correspondence was against advocating high fiber intake in CD. We initiated a semivegetarian diet (SVD), namely a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet, for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Our SVD contains 32.4 g of dietary fiber in 2000 kcal. There was no untoward effect of the SVD. The remission rate with combined infliximab and SVD for newly diagnosed CD patients was 100%. Maintenance of remission on SVD without scheduled maintenance therapy with biologic drugs was 92% at 2 years. These excellent short- and long-term results can be explained partly by SVD. The fecal bacterial count of F prausnitzii in patients with CD is significantly lower than in healthy controls. Diet reviews recommend plant-based diets to treat and to prevent a variety of chronic diseases. SVD belongs to plant-based diets that inevitably contain considerable amounts of dietary fiber. Our clinical experience and available data provide a rationale to recommend a high fiber intake to treat CD. PMID:25663207

Nutrient fluxes in litterfall of a secondary successional alluvial rain forest in Southern Brazil.

PubMed

Scheer, Maurício Bergamini; Gatti, Gustavo; Wisniewski, Celina

2011-12-01

During forest succession, litterfall nutrient fluxes increase significantly. The higher inputs of organic matter and nutrients through litterfall affects positively soil fertility and the species composition, which are essential components in forest restoration and management programs. In the present study, the input of nutrients to the forest soil via litterfall components was estimated for two sites of different development stages, in an early successional alluvial rain forest in Brazil. Litterfall returned to the soil, in kg/ha, ca. 93 N, 79 Ca, 24 K, 15 Mg, 6 P, 1.7 Mn, 0.94 Fe, 0.18 Zn, 0.09 Cu and 11.2 Al, in the site where trees were more abundant and had higher values of basal area. In the other area, where trees where less abundant and values of basal area were comparatively low, litterfall returned < 50% of those amounts to the forest soil, except for Al. The amount of Al that returned to the soil was similar in both areas due to the high contribution of Tibouchina pulchra (82% of Al returned). Comparatively, high proportion of three dominant native tree species (Myrsine coriacea, T. pulchra and Cecropia pachystachya) explained better litter nutrient use efficiency (mainly N and P) in the site with the least advanced successional stage. Although litterfall of these species show lower nutrient concentrations than the other tree species, their nutrient fluxes were high in both sites, indicating a certain independence from soil essential nutrients. Such feature of the native species is very advantageous and should be considered in forest restoration programs.

Tobacco streak virus (strain dahlia) suppresses post-transcriptional gene silencing of flavone synthase II in black dahlia cultivars and causes a drastic flower color change.

PubMed

Deguchi, Ayumi; Tatsuzawa, Fumi; Hosokawa, Munetaka; Doi, Motoaki; Ohno, Sho

2015-09-01

Tobacco streak virus suppressed post-transcriptional gene silencing and caused a flower color change in black dahlias, which supported the role of cyanidin-based anthocyanins for black flower appearance. Black flower color of dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) has been attributed, in part, to the high accumulation of cyanidin-based anthocyanins that occurs when flavone synthesis is reduced because of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of flavone synthase II (DvFNS). There are also purple-flowering plants that have emerged from a black cultivar 'Kokucho'. We report that the purple color is not caused by a mutation, as previously thought, but by infection with tobacco streak virus (TSVdahlia), which suppresses the PTGS of DvFNS. When TSVdahlia was eliminated from the purple-flowering 'Kokucho' by leaf primordia-free shoot apical meristem culture, the resulting flowers were black. TSVdahlia-infected purple flowers had lower numbers of siRNAs to DvFNS than black flowers, suggesting that TSVdahlia has a silencing suppressor. The graft inoculation of other black cultivars with TSVdahlia altered their flower color drastically except for 'Fidalgo Blacky', a very deep black cultivar with the highest amount of cyanidin-based anthocyanins. The flowers of all six TSVdahlia-infected cultivars accumulated increased amounts of flavones and reduced amounts of cyanidin-based anthocyanins. 'Fidalgo Blacky' remained black despite the change in pigment accumulation, and the amounts of cyanidin-based anthocyanins in its TSVdahlia-infected plants were still higher than those of other cultivars. We propose that black flower color in dahlia is controlled by two different mechanisms that increase the amount of cyanidin-based anthocyanins: DvFNS PTGS-dependent and -independent mechanisms. If both mechanisms occur simultaneously, the flower color will be blacker than if only a single mechanism is active.

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Diagnostics

PubMed Central

Racsa, Lori D.; Kraft, Colleen S.; Olinger, Gene G.; Hensley, Lisa E.

2016-01-01

There are 4 families of viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF), including Filoviridae. Ebola virus is one virus within the family Filoviridae and the cause of the current outbreak of VHF in West Africa. VHF-endemic areas are found throughout the world, yet traditional diagnosis of VHF has been performed in large reference laboratories centered in Europe and the United States. The large amount of capital needed, as well as highly trained and skilled personnel, has limited the availability of diagnostics in endemic areas except in conjunction with governmental and nongovernmental entities. However, rapid diagnosis of VHF is essential to efforts that will limit outbreaks. In addition, increased global travel suggests VHF diagnoses may be made outside of the endemic areas. Thus, understanding how to diagnose VHF is imperative for laboratories worldwide. This article reviews traditional and current diagnostic modalities for VHF. PMID:26354968

Image transfer protocol in progressively increasing resolution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Percival, Jeffrey W. (Inventor); White, Richard L. (Inventor)

1999-01-01

A method of transferring digital image data over a communication link transforms and orders the data so that, as data is received by a receiving station, a low detail version of the image is immediately generated with later transmissions of data providing progressively greater detail in this image. User instructions are accepted, limiting the ultimate resolution of the image or suspending enhancement of the image except in certain user defined regions. When a low detail image is requested followed by a request for a high detailed version of the same image, the originally transmitted data of the low resolution image is not discarded or retransmitted but used with later data to improve the originally transmitted image. Only a single copy of the transformed image need be retained by the transmitting device in order to satisfy requests for different amounts of image detail.

Analytical prediction of moisture absorption/desorption in resin matrix composites exposed to aircraft environments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Unnam, J.; Tenney, D. R.

1977-01-01

The moisture absorption/desorption behavior of resin matrix composites was mathematically modeled by classical diffusion theory using an effective diffusion coefficient. Good agreement was found between calculated moisture content and published data for T300/5208 graphite fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composite. Weather Bureau data for Langley Air Force Base and Norfolk, Va., were used to calculate the amount of moisture a T300/5208 composite panel would contain if exposed outdoors. Results obtained by using average monthly weather data for several high aircraft usage locations around the world suggest that, except for desert areas, geographical locations should have only minimal effect on the moisture absorption level reached in composites. Solar radiation data together with cloud and wind information were included in the analysis to estimate an effective temperature of the composite panel during ground exposure.

Means for obtaining a metal ion beam from a heavy-ion cyclotron source

DOEpatents

Hudson, E.D.; Mallory, M.L.

1975-08-01

A description is given of a modification to a cyclotron ion source used in producing a high intensity metal ion beam. A small amount of an inert support gas maintains the usual plasma arc, except that it is necessary for the support gas to have a heavy mass, e.g., xenon or krypton as opposed to neon. A plate, fabricated from the metal (or anything that can be sputtered) to be ionized, is mounted on the back wall of the ion source arc chamber and is bombarded by returning energetic low-charged gas ions that fail to cross the initial accelerating gap between the ion source and the accelerating electrode. Some of the atoms that are dislodged from the plate by the returning gas ions become ionized and are extracted as a useful beam of heavy ions. (auth)

Local structure and structural rigidity of the green phosphor β -SiAlON:Eu 2+

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brgoch, J.; Gaultois, M. W.; Balasubramanian, M.

Eu2+ inserted in beta-Si3-xAlxOxN4-x is a material that shows exceptional promise as a green-emitting phosphor. Synchrotron X-ray and neutron scattering, in conjunction with first-principles calculations and Eu L-3 X-ray absorption measurements, yield a consistent picture of the composition, and the favorable position for Eu2+ substitution in the crystal structure. The Debye temperature Theta(D), which is a proxy for structural rigidity relating to effectiveness as a phosphor, is very high for the starting beta-Si3N4 framework and is determined to decrease only slightly for the small amounts of Al3+ and O2- co-substitution that are required for charge balance associated with Eu2+ insertion.more » (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.« less

Continious production of exfoliated graphite composite compositions and flow field plates

DOEpatents

Shi, Jinjun; Zhamu, Aruna; Jang, Bor Z.

2010-07-20

A process of continuously producing a more isotropic, electrically conductive composite composition is provided. The process comprises: (a) continuously supplying a compressible mixture comprising exfoliated graphite worms and a binder or matrix material, wherein the binder or matrix material is in an amount of between 3% and 60% by weight based on the total weight of the mixture; (b) continuously compressing the compressible mixture at a pressure within the range of from about 5 psi or 0.035 MPa to about 50,000 psi or 350 MPa in at least a first direction into a cohered graphite composite compact; and (c) continuously compressing the composite compact in a second direction, different from the first direction, to form the composite composition in a sheet or plate form. The process leads to composite plates with exceptionally high thickness-direction electrical conductivity.

Photopolymerization of highly filled dimethacrylate-based composites using Type I or Type II photoinitiators and varying co-monomer ratios.

PubMed

Randolph, Luc D; Steinhaus, Johannes; Möginger, Bernhard; Gallez, Bernard; Stansbury, Jeffrey; Palin, William M; Leloup, Gaëtane; Leprince, Julian G

2016-02-01

The use of a Type I photoinitiator (monoacylphosphine oxide, MAPO) was described as advantageous in a model formulation, as compared to the conventional Type II photoinitiator (Camphorquinone, CQ). The aim of the present work was to study the kinetics of polymerization of various composite mixtures (20-40-60-80 mol%) of bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (BisGMA/TegDMA) containing either CQ or MAPO, based on real-time measurements and on the characterization of various post-cure characteristics. Polymerization kinetics were monitored by Fourier-transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) and dielectric analysis (DEA). A range of postcure properties was also investigated. FT-NIRS and DEA proved complementary to follow the fast kinetics observed with both systems. Autodecceleration occurred after ≈1 s irradiation for MAPO-composites and ≈5-10 s for CQ-composites. Conversion decreased with increasing initial viscosity for both photoinitiating systems. However despite shorter light exposure (3s for MAPO vs 20s for CQ-composites), MAPO-composites yielded higher conversions for all co-monomer mixtures, except at 20 mol% BisGMA, the less viscous material. MAPO systems were associated with increased amounts of trapped free radicals, improved flexural strength and modulus, and reduced free monomer release for all co-monomer ratios, except at 20 mol% BisGMA. This work confirms the major influence of the initiation system both on the conversion and network cross-linking of highly-filled composites, and further highlights the advantages of using MAPO photoinitiating systems in highly-filled dimethacrylate-based composites provided that sufficient BisGMA content (>40 mol%) and adapted light spectrum are used. Copyright © 2015 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Single Particle Analysis by Combined Chemical Imaging to Study Episodic Air Pollution Events in Vienna

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ofner, Johannes; Eitenberger, Elisabeth; Friedbacher, Gernot; Brenner, Florian; Hutter, Herbert; Schauer, Gerhard; Kistler, Magdalena; Greilinger, Marion; Lohninger, Hans; Lendl, Bernhard; Kasper-Giebl, Anne

2017-04-01

The aerosol composition of a city like Vienna is characterized by a complex interaction of local emissions and atmospheric input on a regional and continental scale. The identification of major aerosol constituents for basic source appointment and air quality issues needs a high analytical effort. Exceptional episodic air pollution events strongly change the typical aerosol composition of a city like Vienna on a time-scale of few hours to several days. Analyzing the chemistry of particulate matter from these events is often hampered by the sampling time and related sample amount necessary to apply the full range of bulk analytical methods needed for chemical characterization. Additionally, morphological and single particle features are hardly accessible. Chemical Imaging evolved to a powerful tool for image-based chemical analysis of complex samples. As a complementary technique to bulk analytical methods, chemical imaging can address a new access to study air pollution events by obtaining major aerosol constituents with single particle features at high temporal resolutions and small sample volumes. The analysis of the chemical imaging datasets is assisted by multivariate statistics with the benefit of image-based chemical structure determination for direct aerosol source appointment. A novel approach in chemical imaging is combined chemical imaging or so-called multisensor hyperspectral imaging, involving elemental imaging (electron microscopy-based energy dispersive X-ray imaging), vibrational imaging (Raman micro-spectroscopy) and mass spectrometric imaging (Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) with subsequent combined multivariate analytics. Combined chemical imaging of precipitated aerosol particles will be demonstrated by the following examples of air pollution events in Vienna: Exceptional episodic events like the transformation of Saharan dust by the impact of the city of Vienna will be discussed and compared to samples obtained at a high alpine background site (Sonnblick Observatory, Saharan Dust Event from April 2016). Further, chemical imaging of biological aerosol constituents of an autumnal pollen breakout in Vienna, with background samples from nearby locations from November 2016 will demonstrate the advantages of the chemical imaging approach. Additionally, the chemical fingerprint of an exceptional air pollution event from a local emission source, caused by the pull down process of a building in Vienna will unravel the needs for multisensor imaging, especially the combinational access. Obtained chemical images will be correlated to bulk analytical results. Benefits of the overall methodical access by combining bulk analytics and combined chemical imaging of exceptional episodic air pollution events will be discussed.

Academic Goals, Student Homework Engagement, and Academic Achievement in Elementary School.

PubMed

Valle, Antonio; Regueiro, Bibiana; Núñez, José C; Rodríguez, Susana; Piñeiro, Isabel; Rosário, Pedro

2016-01-01

There seems to be a general consensus in the literature that doing homework is beneficial for students. Thus, the current challenge is to examine the process of doing homework to find which variables may help students to complete the homework assigned. To address this goal, a path analysis model was fit. The model hypothesized that the way students engage in homework is explained by the type of academic goals set, and it explains the amount of time spend on homework, the homework time management, and the amount of homework done. Lastly, the amount of homework done is positively related to academic achievement. The model was fit using a sample of 535 Spanish students from the last three courses of elementary school (aged 9 to 13). Findings show that: (a) academic achievement was positively associated with the amount of homework completed, (b) the amount of homework completed was related to the homework time management, (c) homework time management was associated with the approach to homework, (d) and the approach to homework, like the rest of the variables of the model (except for the time spent on homework), was related to the student's academic motivation (i.e., academic goals).

Academic Goals, Student Homework Engagement, and Academic Achievement in Elementary School

PubMed Central

Valle, Antonio; Regueiro, Bibiana; Núñez, José C.; Rodríguez, Susana; Piñeiro, Isabel; Rosário, Pedro

2016-01-01

There seems to be a general consensus in the literature that doing homework is beneficial for students. Thus, the current challenge is to examine the process of doing homework to find which variables may help students to complete the homework assigned. To address this goal, a path analysis model was fit. The model hypothesized that the way students engage in homework is explained by the type of academic goals set, and it explains the amount of time spend on homework, the homework time management, and the amount of homework done. Lastly, the amount of homework done is positively related to academic achievement. The model was fit using a sample of 535 Spanish students from the last three courses of elementary school (aged 9 to 13). Findings show that: (a) academic achievement was positively associated with the amount of homework completed, (b) the amount of homework completed was related to the homework time management, (c) homework time management was associated with the approach to homework, (d) and the approach to homework, like the rest of the variables of the model (except for the time spent on homework), was related to the student's academic motivation (i.e., academic goals). PMID:27065928

Free electron laser

DOEpatents

Villa, Francesco

1990-01-01

A high gain, single-pass free electron laser formed of a high brilliance electron injector source, a linear accelerator which imparts high energy to the electron beam, and an undulator capable of extremely high magnetic fields, yet with a very short period. The electron injector source is the first stage (gap) of the linear accelerator or a radial line transformer driven by fast circular switch. The linear accelerator is formed of a plurality of accelerating gaps arranged in series. These gaps are energized in sequence by releasing a single pulse of energy which propagates simultaneously along a plurality of transmission lines, each of which feeds the gaps. The transmission lines are graduated in length so that pulse power is present at each gap as the accelerated electrons pass therethrough. The transmission lines for each gap are open circuited at their ends. The undualtor has a structure similar to the accelerator, except that the transmission lines for each gap are substantially short circuited at their ends, thus converting the electric field into magnetic field. A small amount of resistance is retained in order to generate a small electric field for replenishing the electron bunch with the energy lost as it traverses through the undulator structure.

Cloning single wall carbon nanotubes for hydrogen storage

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tour, James M; Kittrell, Carter

2012-08-30

The purpose of this research is to development the technology required for producing 3-D nano-engineered frameworks for hydrogen storage based on sp 2 carbon media, which will have high gravimetric and especially high volumetric uptake of hydrogen, and in an aligned fibrous array that will take advantage of the exceptionally high thermal conductivity of sp 2 carbon materials to speed up the fueling process while minimizing or eliminating the need for internal cooling systems. A limitation for nearly all storage media using physisorption of the hydrogen molecule is the large amount of surface area (SA) occupied by each H 2more » molecule due to its large zero-point vibrational energy. This creates a conundrum that in order to maximize SA, the physisorption media is made more tenuous and the density is decreased, usually well below 1 kg/L, so that there comes a tradeoff between volumetric and gravimetric uptake. Our major goal was to develop a new type of media with high density H 2 uptake, which favors volumetric storage and which, in turn, has the capability to meet the ultimate DoE H 2 goals.« less

A strategy for oxygen conditioning at high altitude: comparison with air conditioning.

PubMed

West, John B

2015-09-15

Large numbers of people live or work at high altitude, and many visit to trek or ski. The inevitable hypoxia impairs physical working capacity, and at higher altitudes there is also cognitive impairment. Twenty years ago oxygen enrichment of room air was introduced to reduce the hypoxia, and this is now used in dormitories, hotels, mines, and telescopes. However, recent advances in technology now allow large amounts of oxygen to be obtained from air or cryogenic oxygen sources. As a result it is now feasible to oxygenate large buildings and even institutions such as hospitals. An analogy can be drawn between air conditioning that has improved the living and working conditions of millions of people who live in hot climates and oxygen conditioning that can do the same at high altitude. Oxygen conditioning is similar to air conditioning except that instead of cooling the air, the oxygen concentration is raised, thus reducing the equivalent altitude. Oxygen conditioning on a large scale could transform living and working conditions at high altitude, where it could be valuable in homes, hospitals, schools, dormitories, company headquarters, banks, and legislative settings. Copyright © 2015 the American Physiological Society.

29 CFR 870.10 - Maximum part of aggregate disposable earnings subject to garnishment under section 303(a).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section on the basis of a minimum rate of $4.25 per hour. This principle is... exceptions, the maximum part of the aggregate disposable earnings of an individual for any workweek which is... earner the specified amount of compensation for his personal services rendered in the workweek, or a...

Sulfur dioxide emissions from la soufriere volcano, st. Vincent, west indies.

PubMed

Hoff, R M; Gallant, A J

1980-08-22

During the steady-state period of activity of La Soufriere Volcano in 1979, the mass emissions of sulfur dioxide into the troposphere amounted to a mean value of 339 +/- 126 metric tons per day. This value is similar to the sulfur dioxide emissions of other Central American volcanoes but less than those measured at Mount Etna, an exceptionally strong volcanic source of sulfur dioxide.

9 CFR 317.356 - Nutrient content claims for “light” or “lite.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., a low fat meal”); and (B) The accompanying statement is no less than one-half the type size of the... products, except meal-type products as defined in § 317.313(l) and main-dish products as defined in § 317... its calories from fat, its fat content is reduced by 50 percent or more per reference amount...

9 CFR 381.456 - Nutrient content claims for “light” or “lite.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., a low fat meal”); and (B) The accompanying statement is no less than one-half the type size of the... products, except meal-type products as defined in § 381.413(l) and main-dish products as defined in § 381... its calories from fat, its fat content is reduced by 50 percent or more per reference amount...

40 CFR 63.7540 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits and work practice standards?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... listed in Tables 2 through 4 to this subpart at all times except during periods of startup, shutdown and... operating limits. (2) You must keep records of the type and amount of all fuels burned in each boiler or process heater during the reporting period to demonstrate that all fuel types and mixtures of fuels burned...

40 CFR 63.7540 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits and work practice standards?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... listed in Tables 2 through 4 to this subpart at all times except during periods of startup, shutdown and... operating limits. (2) You must keep records of the type and amount of all fuels burned in each boiler or process heater during the reporting period to demonstrate that all fuel types and mixtures of fuels burned...

40 CFR 63.7540 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits and work practice standards?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... listed in Tables 2 through 4 to this subpart at all times except during periods of startup, shutdown and... operating limits. (2) You must keep records of the type and amount of all fuels burned in each boiler or process heater during the reporting period to demonstrate that all fuel types and mixtures of fuels burned...

47 CFR 1.229 - Motions to enlarge, change, or delete issues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... the maximum statutory amount. See 47 U.S.C. 503(b)(2)(A). [41 FR 14872, Apr. 8, 1976, as amended at 44... 47 Telecommunication 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Motions to enlarge, change, or delete issues. 1... the issues may be filed by any party to a hearing. Except as provided for in paragraph (b) of this...

Electron microscopic study of developmental stages of Rickettsiella phytoseiuli in Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Gamasoidea:Phytoseiidae) mites.

PubMed

Sutáková, G

1988-01-01

Rickettsiella phytoseiuli was found in great amounts in all tissues except of the nervous system of adult Phytoseiulus persimilis mites. Six morphologically different stages (dense, intermediate, bacterial, giant, crystal-forming and small dark particles) of R. phytoseiuli were detected. No rickettsiae were seen in the larvae and in phase 1 and 2 nymphae of these mites.

28 CFR 50.21 - Procedures governing the destruction of contraband drug evidence in the custody of Federal law...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) The term Marijuana is as defined in 21 U.S.C. 801(15) but does not include, for the purposes of this... therein listed, except marijuana, shall be twice the minimum amount required for the most severe mandatory... of marijuana a quantity in excess of the representative sample are seized pursuant to a criminal...

28 CFR 50.21 - Procedures governing the destruction of contraband drug evidence in the custody of Federal law...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) The term Marijuana is as defined in 21 U.S.C. 801(15) but does not include, for the purposes of this... therein listed, except marijuana, shall be twice the minimum amount required for the most severe mandatory... of marijuana a quantity in excess of the representative sample are seized pursuant to a criminal...

28 CFR 50.21 - Procedures governing the destruction of contraband drug evidence in the custody of Federal law...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) The term Marijuana is as defined in 21 U.S.C. 801(15) but does not include, for the purposes of this... therein listed, except marijuana, shall be twice the minimum amount required for the most severe mandatory... of marijuana a quantity in excess of the representative sample are seized pursuant to a criminal...

28 CFR 50.21 - Procedures governing the destruction of contraband drug evidence in the custody of Federal law...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) The term Marijuana is as defined in 21 U.S.C. 801(15) but does not include, for the purposes of this... therein listed, except marijuana, shall be twice the minimum amount required for the most severe mandatory... of marijuana a quantity in excess of the representative sample are seized pursuant to a criminal...

28 CFR 50.21 - Procedures governing the destruction of contraband drug evidence in the custody of Federal law...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) The term Marijuana is as defined in 21 U.S.C. 801(15) but does not include, for the purposes of this... therein listed, except marijuana, shall be twice the minimum amount required for the most severe mandatory... of marijuana a quantity in excess of the representative sample are seized pursuant to a criminal...

Dietary Protein Intake in Young Children in Selected Low-Income Countries Is Generally Adequate in Relation to Estimated Requirements for Healthy Children, Except When Complementary Food Intake Is Low123

PubMed Central

Arsenault, Joanne E; Brown, Kenneth H

2017-01-01

Background: Previous research indicates that young children in low-income countries (LICs) generally consume greater amounts of protein than published estimates of protein requirements, but this research did not account for protein quality based on the mix of amino acids and the digestibility of ingested protein. Objective: Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of inadequate protein and amino acid intake by young children in LICs, accounting for protein quality. Methods: Seven data sets with information on dietary intake for children (6–35 mo of age) from 6 LICs (Peru, Guatemala, Ecuador, Bangladesh, Uganda, and Zambia) were reanalyzed to estimate protein and amino acid intake and assess adequacy. The protein digestibility–corrected amino acid score of each child’s diet was calculated and multiplied by the original (crude) protein intake to obtain an estimate of available protein intake. Distributions of usual intake were obtained to estimate the prevalence of inadequate protein and amino acid intake for each cohort according to Estimated Average Requirements. Results: The prevalence of inadequate protein intake was highest in breastfeeding children aged 6–8 mo: 24% of Bangladeshi and 16% of Peruvian children. With the exception of Bangladesh, the prevalence of inadequate available protein intake decreased by age 9–12 mo and was very low in all sites (0–2%) after 12 mo of age. Inadequate protein intake in children <12 mo of age was due primarily to low energy intake from complementary foods, not inadequate protein density. Conclusions: Overall, most children consumed protein amounts greater than requirements, except for the younger breastfeeding children, who were consuming low amounts of complementary foods. These findings reinforce previous evidence that dietary protein is not generally limiting for children in LICs compared with estimated requirements for healthy children, even after accounting for protein quality. However, unmeasured effects of infection and intestinal dysfunction on the children’s protein requirements could modify this conclusion. PMID:28202639

[Characterization of soil humus by FTIR spectroscopic analyses after being inoculated with different microorganisms plus wheat straw].

PubMed

Wang, Shuail; Dou, Sen; Liu, Yan-Li; Li, Hui-Min; Cui, Jun-Tao; Zhang, Wei; Wang, Cheng-Yu

2012-09-01

The effects of different microbial communities on the structural characteristics of humus from the black soil amended with wheat straw were studied by FTIR Spectroscopy. The results indicated that (1) The structure and amount of functional groups in the water soluble substances (WSS) was tremendously influenced by the tested microorganisms, of which the amino and aryl ether was degraded rapidly in the inoculation process, and in the meantime, the content of hydroxyl groups was significantly reduced. The bacteria was helpful to increasing the amount of aliphatic hydrocarbons, while the other inoculated treatments were contrary. At the end of culture, the phenols and polysaccharides were gradually consumed, but the content of carboxyl groups had an increasing trend. (2) In the aspect of reducing hydroxyl groups of fulvic acid (FA), the role of actinomycetes was the biggest. The fungi had the biggest effect in improving the net generation of FA content. In addition, the fungi was conducive to improve the contents of carboxyl groups and carbohydrates of FA fraction. Except the mixed strains, the other treatments were all beneficial to the degradation of polysaccharide in the FA fraction, whose rate was greater than the decomposition of lipids. (3) The bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were all helpful to reducing the amount of aliphatic hydrocarbons of HA fraction except the mixed strains. The content of carboxyl was effectively increased by fungi, but the effect of bacteria was contrary. The tested microorganisms could consume and utilize the polysaccharides of HA fraction, which could transform the humic-like fractions from plant residues into the real humus of soil.

Comprehensive analysis of airborne contaminants from recent Spacelab missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Matney, M. L.; Boyd, J. F.; Covington, P. A.; Leano, H. J.; Pierson, D. L.; Limero, T. F.; James, J. T.

1993-01-01

The Shuttle experiences unique air contamination problems because of microgravity and the closed environment. Contaminant build-up in the closed atmosphere and the lack of a gravitational settling mechanism have produced some concern in previous missions about the amount of solid and volatile airborne contaminants in the Orbiter and Spacelab. Degradation of air quality in the Orbiter/Spacelab environment, through processes such as chemical contamination, high solid-particulate levels, and high microbial levels, may affect crew performance and health. A comprehensive assessment of the Shuttle air quality was undertaken during STS-40 and STS-42 missions, in which a variety of air sampling and monitoring techniques were employed to determine the contaminant load by characterizing and quantitating airborne contaminants. Data were collected on the airborne concentrations of volatile organic compounds, microorganisms, and particulate matter collected on Orbiter/Spacelab air filters. The results showed that STS-40/42 Orbiter/Spacelab air was toxicologically safe to breathe, except during STS-40 when the Orbiter Refrigerator/Freezer unit was releasing noxious gases in the middeck. On STS-40, the levels of airborne bacteria appeared to increase as the mission progressed; however, this trend was not observed for the STS-42 mission. Particulate matter in the Orbiter/Spacelab air filters was chemically analyzed in order to determine the source of particles. Only small amounts of rat hair and food bar (STS-40) and traces of soiless medium (STS-42) were detected in the Spacelab air filters, indicating that containment for Spacelab experiments was effective.

A biome-scale assessment of the impact of invasive alien plants on ecosystem services in South Africa.

PubMed

van Wilgen, B W; Reyers, B; Le Maitre, D C; Richardson, D M; Schonegevel, L

2008-12-01

This paper reports an assessment of the current and potential impacts of invasive alien plants on selected ecosystem services in South Africa. We used data on the current and potential future distribution of 56 invasive alien plant species to estimate their impact on four services (surface water runoff, groundwater recharge, livestock production and biodiversity) in five terrestrial biomes. The estimated reductions in surface water runoff as a result of current invasions were >3000 million m(3) (about 7% of the national total), most of which is from the fynbos (shrubland) and grassland biomes; the potential reductions would be more than eight times greater if invasive alien plants were to occupy the full extent of their potential range. Impacts on groundwater recharge would be less severe, potentially amounting to approximately 1.5% of the estimated maximum reductions in surface water runoff. Reductions in grazing capacity as a result of current levels of invasion amounted to just over 1% of the potential number of livestock that could be supported. However, future impacts could increase to 71%. A 'biodiversity intactness index' (the remaining proportion of pre-modern populations) ranged from 89% to 71% for the five biomes. With the exception of the fynbos biome, current invasions have almost no impact on biodiversity intactness. Under future levels of invasion, however, these intactness values decrease to around 30% for the savanna, fynbos and grassland biomes, but to even lower values (13% and 4%) for the two karoo biomes. Thus, while the current impacts of invasive alien plants are relatively low (with the exception of those on surface water runoff), the future impacts could be very high. While the errors in these estimates are likely to be substantial, the predicted impacts are sufficiently large to suggest that there is serious cause for concern.

Warm Spraying of High-Strength Ni-Al-Bronze: Cavitation Characteristics and Property Prediction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krebs, Sebastian; Kuroda, Seiji; Katanoda, Hiroshi; Gaertner, Frank; Klassen, Thomas; Araki, Hiroshi; Frede, Simon

2017-01-01

Bronze materials such as Ni-Al-bronze show exceptional performances against cavitation erosion, due to their high fatigue strength and high strength. These materials are used for ship propellers, pump systems or for applications with alternating stresses. Usually, the respective parts are cast. With the aim to use resources more efficiently and to reduce costs, this study aimed to evaluate opportunities to apply bronze as a coating to critical areas of respective parts. The coatings should have least amounts of pores and non-bonded areas and any contaminations that might act as crack nuclei and contribute to material damages. Processes with low oxidation and high kinetic impacts fulfill these criteria. Especially warm spraying, a nitrogen-cooled HVOF process, with similar impact velocities as cold gas spraying but enhanced process temperature, allows for depositing high-strength Ni-Al-bronze. This study systematically simulates and evaluates the formation and performance of warm-sprayed Ni-Al-bronze coatings for different combustion pressures and nitrogen flow rates. Substrate preheating was used to improve coating adhesion for lower spray parameter sets. Furthermore, this study introduces an energy-based concept to compare spray parameter sets and to predict coating properties. Coatings with low porosities and high mechanical strengths are obtained, allowing for a cavitation resistance similar to bulk material.

Oxygenated volatile organic carbon in the western Pacific convective center: ocean cycling, air-sea gas exchange and atmospheric transport

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schlundt, Cathleen; Tegtmeier, Susann; Lennartz, Sinikka T.; Bracher, Astrid; Cheah, Wee; Krüger, Kirstin; Quack, Birgit; Marandino, Christa A.

2017-09-01

A suite of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs - acetaldehyde, acetone, propanal, butanal and butanone) were measured concurrently in the surface water and atmosphere of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea in November 2011. A strong correlation was observed between all OVOC concentrations in the surface seawater along the entire cruise track, except for acetaldehyde, suggesting similar sources and sinks in the surface ocean. Additionally, several phytoplankton groups, such as haptophytes or pelagophytes, were also correlated to all OVOCs, indicating that phytoplankton may be an important source of marine OVOCs in the South China and Sulu seas. Humic- and protein-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) components seemed to be additional precursors for butanone and acetaldehyde. The measurement-inferred OVOC fluxes generally showed an uptake of atmospheric OVOCs by the ocean for all gases, except for butanal. A few important exceptions were found along the Borneo coast, where OVOC fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere were inferred. The atmospheric OVOC mixing ratios over the northern coast of Borneo were relatively high compared with literature values, suggesting that this coastal region is a local hotspot for atmospheric OVOCs. The calculated amount of OVOCs entrained into the ocean seemed to be an important source of OVOCs to the surface ocean. When the fluxes were out of the ocean, marine OVOCs were found to be enough to control the locally measured OVOC distribution in the atmosphere. Based on our model calculations, at least 0.4 ppb of marine-derived acetone and butanone can reach the upper troposphere, where they may have an important influence on hydrogen oxide radical formation over the western Pacific Ocean.

BILP-19-An Ultramicroporous Organic Network with Exceptional Carbon Dioxide Uptake.

PubMed

Klumpen, Christoph; Radakovitsch, Florian; Jess, Andreas; Senker, Jürgen

2017-08-12

Porous benzimidazole-based polymers (BILPs) have proven to be promising for carbon dioxide capture and storage. The polarity of their chemical structure in combination with an inherent porosity allows for adsorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide in combination with high selectivities over unpolar guest molecules such as methane and nitrogen. For this reason, among purely organic polymers, BILPs contain some of the most effective networks to date. Nevertheless, they are still outperformed by competitive materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) or metal doped porous polymers. Here, we report the synthesis of BILP-19 and its exceptional carbon dioxide uptake of up to 6 mmol•g-1 at 273 K, making the network comparable to state-of-the-art materials. BILP-19 precipitates in a particulate structure with a strongly anisotropic growth into platelets, indicating a sheet-like structure for the network. It exhibits only a small microporous but a remarkable ultra-microporous surface area of 144 m2•g-1 and 1325 m2•g-1, respectively. We attribute the exceptional uptake of small guest molecules such as carbon dioxide and water to the distinct ultra-microporosity. Additionally, a pronounced hysteresis for both guests is observed, which in combination with the platelet character is probably caused by an expansion of the interparticle space, creating additional accessible ultra-microporous pore volume. For nitrogen and methane, this effect does not occur which explains their low affinity. In consequence, Henry selectivities of 123 for CO2/N2 at 298 K and 12 for CO2/CH4 at 273 K were determined. The network was carefully characterized with solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetry (TG) and elemental analyses as well as physisorption experiments with Ar, N2, CO2, CH4 and water.

The Influence of Teacher Expectations about Twice-Exceptional Students on the Use of High Quality Gifted Curriculum: A Case Study Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Missett, Tracy C.; Azano, Amy Price; Callahan, Carolyn M.; Landrum, Kimberly

2016-01-01

Twice-exceptional students show evidence of high academic performance or potential and also have a disability that impedes their ability to learn. Twice-exceptional students remain under-represented in gifted programs, and some researchers attribute such under-representation to the negative beliefs and low expectations about twice-exceptional…

Legacy phosphorus and no tillage agriculture in tropical oxisols of the Brazilian savanna.

PubMed

Rodrigues, Marcos; Pavinato, Paulo Sergio; Withers, Paul John Anthony; Teles, Ana Paula Bettoni; Herrera, Wilfrand Ferney Bejarano

2016-01-15

Crop production in the Brazilian Cerrado is limited by soil phosphorus (P) supply without large inputs of inorganic P fertilizer, which may become more costly and scarce in the future. Reducing dependency on fertilizer P requires a greater understanding of soil P supply in the highly weathered soils in this important agricultural region. We investigated the impact of no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) agriculture on accumulated (legacy) soil P and P forms in four long-term sites. Compared to the native savanna soils, tilled soils receiving regular annual P fertilizer inputs (30-50 kg P ha(-1)) increased all forms of inorganic and organic P, except highly recalcitrant P associated with the background lithology. However, 70-85% of the net added P was bound in moderately labile and non-labile forms associated with Fe/Al oxyhydroxides rather than in plant available forms. Under NT agriculture, organic P forms and labile and non-labile inorganic P forms were all significantly (P<0.05) increased in the surface soil, except for one site with maize residues where labile inorganic P was increased more under CT agriculture. The contribution of organic P cycling in these tropical soils increased after conversion to agriculture and was proportionally greater under NT. The results highlight the large amounts of unutilized legacy P present in Brazil's Cerrado soils that could be better exploited to reduce dependency on imports of finite phosphate rock. No tillage agriculture confers a positive albeit relatively small benefit for soil P availability and overall soil function. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparison of a High-Resolution Melting Assay to Next-Generation Sequencing for Analysis of HIV Diversity

PubMed Central

Cousins, Matthew M.; Ou, San-San; Wawer, Maria J.; Munshaw, Supriya; Swan, David; Magaret, Craig A.; Mullis, Caroline E.; Serwadda, David; Porcella, Stephen F.; Gray, Ronald H.; Quinn, Thomas C.; Donnell, Deborah; Eshleman, Susan H.

2012-01-01

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has recently been used for analysis of HIV diversity, but this method is labor-intensive, costly, and requires complex protocols for data analysis. We compared diversity measures obtained using NGS data to those obtained using a diversity assay based on high-resolution melting (HRM) of DNA duplexes. The HRM diversity assay provides a single numeric score that reflects the level of diversity in the region analyzed. HIV gag and env from individuals in Rakai, Uganda, were analyzed in a previous study using NGS (n = 220 samples from 110 individuals). Three sequence-based diversity measures were calculated from the NGS sequence data (percent diversity, percent complexity, and Shannon entropy). The amplicon pools used for NGS were analyzed with the HRM diversity assay. HRM scores were significantly associated with sequence-based measures of HIV diversity for both gag and env (P < 0.001 for all measures). The level of diversity measured by the HRM diversity assay and NGS increased over time in both regions analyzed (P < 0.001 for all measures except for percent complexity in gag), and similar amounts of diversification were observed with both methods (P < 0.001 for all measures except for percent complexity in gag). Diversity measures obtained using the HRM diversity assay were significantly associated with those from NGS, and similar increases in diversity over time were detected by both methods. The HRM diversity assay is faster and less expensive than NGS, facilitating rapid analysis of large studies of HIV diversity and evolution. PMID:22785188

34 CFR 300.102 - Limitation-exception to FAPE for certain ages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... from high school with a regular high school diploma. (ii) The exception in paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section does not apply to children who have graduated from high school but have not been awarded a regular high school diploma. (iii) Graduation from high school with a regular high school diploma constitutes a...

34 CFR 300.102 - Limitation-exception to FAPE for certain ages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... from high school with a regular high school diploma. (ii) The exception in paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section does not apply to children who have graduated from high school but have not been awarded a regular high school diploma. (iii) Graduation from high school with a regular high school diploma constitutes a...

34 CFR 300.102 - Limitation-exception to FAPE for certain ages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... from high school with a regular high school diploma. (ii) The exception in paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section does not apply to children who have graduated from high school but have not been awarded a regular high school diploma. (iii) Graduation from high school with a regular high school diploma constitutes a...

34 CFR 300.102 - Limitation-exception to FAPE for certain ages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... from high school with a regular high school diploma. (ii) The exception in paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section does not apply to children who have graduated from high school but have not been awarded a regular high school diploma. (iii) Graduation from high school with a regular high school diploma constitutes a...

Intake port

DOEpatents

Mendler, Edward Charles

2005-02-01

The volumetric efficiency and power of internal combustion engines is improved with an intake port having an intake nozzle, a venturi, and a surge chamber. The venturi is located almost halfway upstream the intake port between the intake valves and the intake plenum enabling the venturi throat diameter to be exceptionally small for providing an exceptionally high ram velocity and an exceptionally long and in turn high efficiency diffuser flowing into the surge chamber. The intake port includes an exceptionally large surge chamber volume for blow down of the intake air into the working cylinder of the engine.

Community structure and soil pH determine chemoautotrophic carbon dioxide fixation in drained paddy soils.

PubMed

Long, Xi-En; Yao, Huaiying; Wang, Juan; Huang, Ying; Singh, Brajesh K; Zhu, Yong-Guan

2015-06-16

Previous studies suggested that microbial photosynthesis plays a potential role in paddy fields, but little is known about chemoautotrophic carbon fixers in drained paddy soils. We conducted a microcosm study using soil samples from five paddy fields to determine the environmental factors and quantify key functional microbial taxa involved in chemoautotrophic carbon fixation. We used stable isotope probing in combination with phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and molecular approaches. The amount of microbial (13)CO2 fixation was determined by quantification of (13)C-enriched fatty acid methyl esters and ranged from 21.28 to 72.48 ng of (13)C (g of dry soil)(-1), and the corresponding ratio (labeled PLFA-C:total PLFA-C) ranged from 0.06 to 0.49%. The amount of incorporationof (13)CO2 into PLFAs significantly increased with soil pH except at pH 7.8. PLFA and high-throughput sequencing results indicated a dominant role of Gram-negative bacteria or proteobacteria in (13)CO2 fixation. Correlation analysis indicated a significant association between microbial community structure and carbon fixation. We provide direct evidence of chemoautotrophic C fixation in soils with statistical evidence of microbial community structure regulation of inorganic carbon fixation in the paddy soil ecosystem.

AmeriFlux US-KS2 Kennedy Space Center (scrub oak)

DOE Data Explorer

Drake, Bert [Smithsonian Environmental Research Center; Hinkle, Ross [University of Central Florida

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-KS2 Kennedy Space Center (scrub oak). Site Description - The Kennedy Space Center Scrub Oak site is located within the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on the east coast of central Florida. Situated in a 10 ha scrub oak ecosystem, the surrounding stand was completely burned by a prescribed fire in 1996. The purpose of the burn was to control understory fuel load, which has been a common practice since 1969. Within a few weeks of the 1996 burn, the stand began to naturally regenerate from roots and rhizomes. Most scrub oak stands in the region undergo a 7 to 10 year disturbance cycle, mostly related to fire or hurricane activity. A severe drought gripped most of Florida beginning in 1998 until the later half of 2001 resulting in four years of relatively low amount of annual rainfall. Exceptionally high annual rainfall amount in 2004 was the result of a pair of hurricanes that hit the area in August and September of 2004. Prevaling wind directions for the site are as follows: W to NW in the winter, afternoon E sea breeze in the summer.

Structure, stratigraphy, and petroleum geology of the Little Plain basin, northwestern Hungary

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mattick, R.E.; Teleki, P.G.; Phillips, R.L.; Clayton, J.L.; David, G.; Pogcsas, G.; Bardocz, B.; Simon, E.

1996-01-01

The basement of the Little Plain (Kisalfo??ld) basin is composed of two parts: an eastern part comprised of folded and overthrusted Triassic and Paleozoic rocks of the Pelso block (Transdanubian Central Range) compressed in the Early Cretaceous, and a western part consisting of stacked nappes of the Austroalpine zone of Paleozoic rocks, significantly metamorphosed during Cretaceous and later compression, overriding Jurassic oceanic rift-zone rocks of the Penninic zone. The evolution of the basin began in the late Karpatian-early Badenian (middle Miocene) when the eastern part of the basin began to open along conjugate sets of northeast- and northwest-trending normal faults. Neogene rocks in the study area, on the average, contain less than 0.5 wt. % total organic carbon (TOC) and, therefore, are not considered effective source rocks. Locally, however, where TOC values are as high as 3 wt. %, significant amounts of gas may have been generated and expelled. Although potential stratigraphic traps are numerous in the Neogene section, these potential traps must be downgraded because of the small amount of hydrocarbons discovered in structural traps to date. With the exception of the Cretaceous, the Mesozoic section has not been actively explored. Large anticlinal and overthrust structures involving pre-Cretaceous strata remain undrilled.

Contaminant removal and hydraulic conductivity of laboratory rain garden systems for stormwater treatment.

PubMed

Good, J F; O'Sullivan, A D; Wicke, D; Cochrane, T A

2012-01-01

In order to evaluate the influence of substrate composition on stormwater treatment and hydraulic effectiveness, mesocosm-scale (180 L, 0.17 m(2)) laboratory rain gardens were established. Saturated (constant head) hydraulic conductivity was determined before and after contaminant (Cu, Zn, Pb and nutrients) removal experiments on three rain garden systems with various proportions of organic topsoil. The system with only topsoil had the lowest saturated hydraulic conductivity (160-164 mm/h) and poorest metal removal efficiency (Cu ≤ 69.0% and Zn ≤ 71.4%). Systems with sand and a sand-topsoil mix demonstrated good metal removal (Cu up to 83.3%, Zn up to 94.5%, Pb up to 97.3%) with adequate hydraulic conductivity (sand: 800-805 mm/h, sand-topsoil: 290-302 mm/h). Total metal amounts in the effluent were <50% of influent amounts for all experiments, with the exception of Cu removal in the topsoil-only system, which was negligible due to high dissolved fraction. Metal removal was greater when effluent pH was elevated (up to 7.38) provided by the calcareous sand in two of the systems, whereas the topsoil-only system lacked an alkaline source. Organic topsoil, a typical component in rain garden systems, influenced pH, resulting in poorer treatment due to higher dissolved metal fractions.

Analytical Chemistry and Materials Characterization Results for Debris Recovered from Nitrate Salt Waste Drum S855793

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Martinez, Patrick Thomas; Chamberlin, Rebecca M.; Schwartz, Daniel S.

2015-09-16

Solid debris was recovered from the previously-emptied nitrate salt waste drum S855793. The bulk sample was nondestructively assayed for radionuclides in its as-received condition. Three monoliths were selected for further characterization. Two of the monoliths, designated Specimen 1 and 3, consisted primarily of sodium nitrate and lead nitrate, with smaller amounts of lead nitrate oxalate and lead oxide by powder x-ray diffraction. The third monolith, Specimen 2, had a complex composition; lead carbonate was identified as the predominant component, and smaller amounts of nitrate, nitrite and carbonate salts of lead, magnesium and sodium were also identified. Microfocused x-ray fluorescence (MXRF)more » mapping showed that lead was ubiquitous throughout the cross-sections of Specimens 1 and 2, while heteroelements such as potassium, calcium, chromium, iron, and nickel were found in localized deposits. MXRF examination and destructive analysis of fragments of Specimen 3 showed elevated concentrations of iron, which were broadly distributed through the sample. With the exception of its high iron content and low carbon content, the chemical composition of Specimen 3 was within the ranges of values previously observed in four other nitrate salt samples recovered from emptied waste drums.« less

Handbook on Hypergolic Propellant Discharges and Disposal

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bowman, T. E.; Sivik, H. E.; Thomas, J. J.

1977-01-01

The efficiency of all treatment methods formerly or currently used in treating chemical wastes is assessed with emphasis on the disposal of hypergolic propellants. Maximum focus is on the space shuttle propellants MMH and N2O4. Except for hydrogen peroxide oxidizers, all the propellants are nitrogen based and can be potentially reduced to valuable plant nutrients. In theory, all the propellants can be reduced to carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, except of fuming nitric acid which contains a small amount of fluorine. Appendices cover: (1) a general design criteria for disposal ponds; (2) thermal aspects of reaction in dilute solution; (3) gas bubble growth, detachment, and rise (4) absorption scrubber fundamentals and descriptions; (5) separation of a propellant vapor from a helium stream by permeation; and (6) atmospheric emission limits.

Elemental, isotopic and molecular abundances in comets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Delsemme, A. H.

1986-01-01

The chemical composition of comet nuclei and the factors affecting it are discussed, summarizing the results of recent theoretical, experimental, and observational investigations. Consideration is given to the evidence supporting the view that the nucleus is radially differentiation (except for a thin outer layer), surface differentiation by heat processing and outgassing, and mantle buildup on an undifferentiated core. The nature of the refractory and volatile components is examined, and the elemental and isotopic compositions are given in tables and characterized. The uncertain (except for H2O) molecular composition of the volatile fraction is considered, and it is suggested that some oxides or aldehydes (such as CO, CO2, and H2CO), but no large amounts of fully hydrogenated compounds (such as CH4 and NH3) are included.