Sample records for executive equity compensation

  1. Executive pay trends and golden parachute tax: a collision on the horizon.

    PubMed

    Johnson, David G

    2004-01-01

    Ironically, many corporations will likely discover that tying equity-based executive compensation more closely to performance will cost millions of dollars when there is a merger or acquisition. The reason: Internal Revenue Code Section 280G, which is designed to discourage "excess" parachute payments, often assesses a significantly higher toll on performance-based compensation than on time-vested equity payments. There is no magic remedy, but advance planning can often help mitigate the impact. This article describes the dilemma and suggests several approaches to the challenge.

  2. California Makes the Case for Pay Equity.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Turner, Anne M.

    2002-01-01

    Discusses results of a California Library Association study that investigated library employees' salaries as compared to salaries of employees in comparable public jobs. Highlights include reasons for unfair library employee compensation; comparisons of support staff supervisor salaries and executive salaries; and how to use the data to improve…

  3. Fairness and Ethical Considerations in Pay for Performance in NSPS

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-03-17

    of performance. A 1998 Woodward study of eighteen organizations that developed alternative personnel systems for hiring, promoting, compensating...equity were the key values underlying the design and execution of their human resources management systems.35 Woodward found that the values of...leadership, time management, etc. 22 Amanda Olsen, The Value of Web-Based Training, available from http://www.amandaolsen.com/ Docs/White%20Paper

  4. If private equity sized up your business.

    PubMed

    Pozen, Robert C

    2007-11-01

    As the dust settles on the recent frenzy of private equity deals (including transactions topping $20 billion), what lessons can companies glean? Directors and executives of public companies may now be slightly less fearful of imminent takeover, yet the pressure remains: They face shareholders who wonder why they aren't getting private-equity-level returns. Rather than dismiss the value private equity has created as manipulated or aberrant, public company leaders should recognize the disciplined management that often underlies it. Pozen, a longtime leader in the financial services industry, finds that in the aftermath of buyouts, companies undergo five major thrusts of reform. These translate into five key questions that directors should pose to senior management: Have we left too much cash on our balance sheet instead of raising our cash dividends or buying back shares? Do we have the optimal capital structure, with the lowest weighted after-tax cost of total capital, including debt and equity? Do we have an operating plan that will significantly increase shareholder value, with specific metrics to monitor performance? Are the compensation rewards for our top executives tied closely enough to increases in shareholder value, with real penalties for nonperformance? Finally, does our board have enough industry experts who have made the time commitments and been given the financial incentives necessary to maximize shareholder value? The era of private equity is far from over - the top funds have become very large and are likely to play an influential role in future market cycles. Boards that ask these questions, and act on them, won't just beat the takeover artists to the punch. They will build stronger businesses.

  5. Pay Equity Act (No. 34 of 1987), 29 June 1987.

    PubMed

    1987-01-01

    This document contains major provisions of Ontario, Canada's 1987 Pay Equity Act. The Act seeks to redress systemic gender discrimination in compensation for work performed by employees in "female job classes" and applies to all private sector employers in Ontario with 10 or more employees, all public sector employers, and the employees of applicable employers. The Act continues to apply even if an employer subsequently reduces the number of employees below 10. The Act calls for identification of systemic gender discrimination in compensation through comparisons between female job classes and male job classes in terms of compensation and value of work performed, which is a composite of skill, effort, and responsibility normally required. Pay equity is deemed achieved when the job rate for the female job class is at least equal to the rate for a male job class in the same establishment. If there is no male job class to use for comparison, pay equity is achieved when the female job rate is at least equal to the job rate of a male job class in the same establishment that, at the time of comparison, had a higher job rate while performing work of lower value than the female job class. Differences in compensation between a female and a male job class are allowed if they result from a formal seniority system that does not discriminate on basis of gender, a temporary training or development assignment equally available to males and females, a specified merit compensation plan, actions taken as the result of a gender-neutral reevaluation process, or a skills shortage leading to a temporary inflation in compensation. Pay equity will not be achieved by reducing any employee's compensation. The Act establishes a Pay Equity Commission to oversee implementation.

  6. 76 FR 72744 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-25

    ... equity options transaction fees for members executing facilitation orders pursuant to Exchange Rule 1064... waiver to members executing facilitation orders pursuant to Exchange Rule 1064 to cabinet trade equity...

  7. Gender-based wage differentials among registered dietitians.

    PubMed

    Pollard, Prudence; Taylor, Maxine; Daher, Noha

    2007-01-01

    The debate on compensation equity is broad-based, addressing many organizational, personal, and outcome factors. Central to compensation philosophy is the issue of gender equity. Health care, like many other industries, remains fraught with gender inequity in compensation. This inequity is partially explained by choice of practice area. However, much remains unexplained. Health care is a female-dominated industry with most of the women working in the allied health professions (eg, nurses, dietitians, etc). Registered dietitians (RD) may experience wage discrimination, similar to registered nurses, but prior to the present study, the assumption was not tested. Using data from the first comprehensive study of RD compensation, we examined gender equity in total cash compensation to RDs. Data were collected on total cash compensation, and questions focused on career progression and work outcomes. For purposes of our study, we analyzed data on 5,477 full-time RDs. Ninety-six percent were women, the median age was 43, and median total cash compensation for RDs employed in the position for at least 1 year was $45,500.00. Women earned $45,285.00 and men earned $50,250.00. A median wage gap of $4,965.00 between women and men was observed. Variability in total cash compensation to women was best explained by size of budget, years of experience, work setting, and educational level. Variability for men was explained by size of budget, years of experience, educational level, and employer status. Conclusions suggest that given the wage discrimination that female RDs experience, work organizations should evaluate their pay plans to monitor pay equity. Factors that women can manage to receive compensation that is equal to that of the men include size of budgets they manage, years of experience in the field, employer status, work setting, and educational level attained. Findings are useful for career advisers, human resource specialists, compensation specialists, supervisors, RDs, and compensation researchers.

  8. 78 FR 21452 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-10

    .... First, the Exchange proposes to eliminate the first and third qualification requirements for Tier 4... Pilot Issues, plus executed ADV of Retail Orders of 0.3% of U.S. Equity Market Share Posted and Executed... and Non-Penny Pilot Issues Plus executed ADV of Retail Orders of 0.3% ADV of U.S. Equity Market Share...

  9. Employment Equity for Women: A University Handbook.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Council of Ontario Universities, Toronto.

    Information, suggestions and guidelines are provided regarding employment equity for women in Ontario universities. Information is provided on the following topics: the office of the Employment Equity Coordinator; data and program development; employment systems (hiring, career development, compensation, and employees with family…

  10. The Relationship of Gender Equity to Compensation, Career Advancement and Leadership in Selected Colleges of Business in Finland, Jamaica and the United States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Leslie, Hewlett Steve

    2017-01-01

    The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship of gender equity to faculty compensation, career advancement, and access to leadership roles in colleges of business in Finland, Jamaica and the United States. This quantitative study, anchored by feminist, human capital and socialization theories supported the emergence of a conceptual…

  11. 12 CFR 303.205 - Applications for bonuses and increased compensation for senior executive officers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... compensation for senior executive officers. 303.205 Section 303.205 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE... for bonuses and increased compensation for senior executive officers. (a) Scope. Any insured state..., shall submit an application to pay a bonus or increase compensation for any senior executive officer. (b...

  12. Every employee an owner. Really.

    PubMed

    Rosen, Corey; Case, John; Staubus, Martin

    2005-06-01

    Surveys indicate that when new rules on expensing stock options take effect, many companies are likely to limit the number of employees who can receive equity compensation. But companies that reserve equity for executives are bound to suffer in the long run. Study after study proves that broad-based ownership, when done right, leads to higher productivity, lower workforce turnover, better recruits, and bigger profits. "Done right" is the key. Here are the four most important factors in implementing a broad-based employee equity plan: A significant portion of the workforce--generally, most of the full-time people--must hold equity; employees must think the amounts they hold can significantly improve their financial prospects; managerial practices and policies must reinforce the plan; and employees must feel a true sense of company ownership. Those factors add up to an ownership culture in which employees' interests are aligned with the company's. The result is a workforce that is loyal, cooperative, and willing to go above and beyond to make the organization successful. A wide variety of companies have recorded exceptional business performance with the help of employee-ownership programs supported by management policies. The authors examine two: Science Applications International, a research and development contractor, and Scot Forge, which shapes metal and other materials for industrial machinery. At both companies, every employee with a year or so of service holds equity, and employees who stay on can accumulate a comfortable nest egg. Management's sharing of financial information reinforces workers' sense of ownership. So does the expectation that employees will accept the responsibilities of ownership. Workers with an ownership stake internalize their responsibilities and feel they have an obligation not only to management but to one another.

  13. 75 FR 36736 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Amex LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-28

    ... Amending NYSE Amex Equities Rule 1000 Regarding Order Size Eligible for Automatic Execution June 22, 2010... Equities Rule 1000 regarding order size eligible for automatic execution. The text of the proposed rule... 1. Purpose The Exchange proposes to amend Rule 1000 to state that the order size eligible for...

  14. Reforming Miners' Lung Disease Compensation in South Africa--Long Overdue but What Are the Options?

    PubMed

    Ehrlich, Rodney; Rees, David

    2016-02-01

    A number of countries have workers' compensation systems which reserve specific arrangements for workers in certain sectors, notably mining. This article describes the current impetus to reform of the century-old South African mining compensation system. It is intended as a case study of the implications of harmonization of two disparate compensation systems for occupational lung disease, specifically in relation to equity in financial benefits, equity in coverage, linkage of compensation to disease prevention, and efficient administration. After decades of neglect, it is clear that while inferior financial benefits for miners are no longer tenable, the costs of equalization are not supportable by the current actuarial status of the miners' Compensation Fund. There is also an argument for two miner-specific entitlements to be retained--free medical examinations for ex-miners and autopsy-based posthumous compensation. A new dispensation to support the casualties of a declining industry will require sustained political will. © The Author(s) 2016.

  15. 75 FR 76500 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX, LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-08

    ... routing certain equity and index option Customer orders to away markets for execution. \\3\\ For a complete..., 2009) (SR-Phlx-2009-32). The instant proposed fees will apply only to option orders entered into, and... and executing certain Customer orders in equity and index options to away markets. In May 2009, the...

  16. 31 CFR 30.0 - Executive compensation and corporate governance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Executive compensation and corporate governance. 30.0 Section 30.0 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury TARP STANDARDS FOR COMPENSATION AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE § 30.0 Executive compensation and corporate governance...

  17. Assessment and Understanding of Gender Equity in Education in Jammu and Kashmir

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gul, Showkeen Bilal Ahmad; Khan, Zebun Nisa

    2014-01-01

    The focus of this paper is on the assessment and understanding of the gender equity in education in Jammu and Kashmir. Gender equity is the process of being fair to women and men. To ensure fairness, strategies and measures should be available to compensate for women's historical and social disadvantaged. The central government, state government,…

  18. Executive Compensation: Is It Better to be Lucky Than Good

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-07-30

    are executives paid so much? Executive compensation has for years sparked interest from main street (citizens) to Wall Street (shareholders) to Capitol...from the luck of working for the right firm in the right industry at the right time. To clarify this muddied picture, Jeffrey Brookman at Idaho...luck best explains executive salaries . They ultimately conclude executives are compensated for their skills. Study Design and Method In their

  19. Part-time physician faculty in a pediatrics department: a study of equity in compensation and academic advancement.

    PubMed

    Darbar, Mumtaz; Emans, S Jean; Harris, Z Leah; Brown, Nancy J; Scott, Theresa A; Cooper, William O

    2011-08-01

    To assess equity in compensation and academic advancement in an academic pediatrics department in which a large proportion of the physician faculty hold part-time appointments. The authors analyzed anonymized data from Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics databases for physician faculty (faculty with MD or MD/PhD degrees) employed during July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008. The primary outcomes were total compensation and years at assistant professor rank. They compared compensation and years at junior rank by part-time versus full-time status, controlling for gender, rank, track, years since first appointment as an assistant professor, and clinical productivity. Of the 119 physician faculty in the department, 112 met inclusion criteria. Among those 112 faculty, 23 (21%) were part-time and 89 (79%) were full-time faculty. Part-time faculty were more likely than full-time faculty to be women (74% versus 28%, P < .001) and married (100% versus 84%, P = .042). Analyses accounting for gender, years since first appointment, rank, clinical productivity, and track did not demonstrate significant differences in compensation by part-time versus full-time status. In other adjusted analyses, faculty with part-time appointments spent an average of 2.48 more years as an assistant professor than did faculty with full-time appointments. Overall group differences in total compensation were not apparent in this department, but physician faculty with part-time appointments spent more time at the rank of assistant professor. This study provides a model for determining and analyzing compensation and effort to ensure equity and transparency across faculty.

  20. 77 FR 22766 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request; Reporting Executive Compensation and First-Tier...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-17

    ... additional burden imposed to respond to all three questions posed in the reporting tool is 5,197. DoD, GSA... Request; Reporting Executive Compensation and First-Tier Subcontract Awards AGENCY: Department of Defense... previously approved information collection requirement for Reporting Executive Compensation and First-tier...

  1. Compensation in academic medicine: progress toward gender equity.

    PubMed

    Wright, Anne L; Ryan, Kenneth; St Germain, Patricia; Schwindt, Leslie; Sager, Rebecca; Reed, Kathryn L

    2007-10-01

    Studies have documented substantial salary disparities between women and men in academic medicine. While various strategies have been proposed to increase equity, to our knowledge, no interventions have been evaluated. This paper aims to assess the effect of an identity-conscious intervention on salary equity. This study shows comparison of adjusted annual salaries for women and men before and after an intervention. We studied full time faculty employed in FY00 (n = 393) and FY04 (n = 462) in one College of Medicine. Compensation data were obtained from personnel databases for women and men, and adjusted for predictors. After verification of data accuracy by departments, comparable individuals within the same department who had different salaries were identified. The Dean discussed apparent disparities with department heads, and salaries were adjusted. Total adjusted annualized salaries were compared for men and women for the year the project began and the year after the intervention using multivariate models. Female faculty members' salaries were also considered as a percent of male faculty members' salaries. Twenty-one potential salary disparities were identified. Eight women received equity adjustments to their salaries, with the average increase being $17,323. Adjusted salaries for women as a percent of salary for men increased from 89.4% before the intervention to 93.5% after the intervention. Disparities in compensation were no longer significant in FY2004 in basic science departments, where women were paid 97.6% of what men were paid. This study shows that gender disparities in compensation can be reduced through careful documentation, identification of comparable individuals paid different salaries, and commitment from leadership to hold the appropriate person accountable.

  2. Are You Overpaying Your Academic Executive Team? A Method for Detecting Unmerited Academic Executive Compensation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pearce, Joshua

    2016-01-01

    University tuition fees and student debt have risen in part due to rapid expansion of university administration compensation. This study provides a novel methodology for detecting inappropriate executive compensation within universities. The usefulness of academic ideas is openly ranked using the h-index. By comparing the ratio of academic…

  3. Comparable Worth Theory and Policy.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wittig, Michele Andrisin; Lowe, Rosemary Hays

    1989-01-01

    Provides different perspectives on comparable worth issues. Covers the following topics: (1) competing explanations for the wage gap; (2) indirect approaches to wage equity; (3) the need for a direct approach to wage equity; (4) job evaluation; (5) application of comparable worth principles to compensation systems; and (6) strategies for adopting…

  4. The Eleventh Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation. Main Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-06-01

    Banks are reluctant to lend money and home equities have plunged roughly 30 percent from the market peak in 2007. The unemployment rate, at 8.1...Introduction Figure 1-1. High-quality Enlistments versus Unemployment Chapter 2. Military Compensation Figure 2-1. Major Components of Military...compensation with the private sector —an understanding of which serves as a useful foundation for examining specific elements of the compensation system

  5. 76 FR 20744 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Notice of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-13

    ...-Transaction Fees for Executions Against a Public Quotation in an OTC Equity Security April 8, 2011. On... disclose on its website any fees imposed against its published quotation in any OTC Equity Security...

  6. Federal Pay Equity Act of 1984. Part 2. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Compensation and Employee Benefits of the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service, House of Representatives, Ninety-Eighth Congress, Second Session on H.R. 4599 and H.R. 5092. (May 30, July 17, October 18, 1984).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U. S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Post Office and Civil Service.

    In these three congressional hearings on pay equity, focuses are on two bills--the Federal Pay Equity Act of 1984, which would examine wage discrimination within the Federal civil service system, and the Pay Equity Act of 1984, which would mandate the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to report regularly on activities to enforce pay equity…

  7. Compensation in Academic Medicine: Progress Toward Gender Equity

    PubMed Central

    Ryan, Kenneth; St. Germain, Patricia; Schwindt, Leslie; Sager, Rebecca; Reed, Kathryn L.

    2007-01-01

    Background Studies have documented substantial salary disparities between women and men in academic medicine. While various strategies have been proposed to increase equity, to our knowledge, no interventions have been evaluated. Objective This paper aims to assess the effect of an identity-conscious intervention on salary equity. Design This study shows comparison of adjusted annual salaries for women and men before and after an intervention. Participants/Setting We studied full time faculty employed in FY00 (n = 393) and FY04 (n = 462) in one College of Medicine. Intervention Compensation data were obtained from personnel databases for women and men, and adjusted for predictors. After verification of data accuracy by departments, comparable individuals within the same department who had different salaries were identified. The Dean discussed apparent disparities with department heads, and salaries were adjusted. Measurements Total adjusted annualized salaries were compared for men and women for the year the project began and the year after the intervention using multivariate models. Female faculty members’ salaries were also considered as a percent of male faculty members’ salaries. Results Twenty-one potential salary disparities were identified. Eight women received equity adjustments to their salaries, with the average increase being $17,323. Adjusted salaries for women as a percent of salary for men increased from 89.4% before the intervention to 93.5% after the intervention. Disparities in compensation were no longer significant in FY2004 in basic science departments, where women were paid 97.6% of what men were paid. Conclusions This study shows that gender disparities in compensation can be reduced through careful documentation, identification of comparable individuals paid different salaries, and commitment from leadership to hold the appropriate person accountable. PMID:17694417

  8. Funding Education: Developing a Method of Allocation for Improvement

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    BenDavid-Hadar, Iris

    2018-01-01

    Purpose: Resource allocation is a key policy instrument that affects the educational achievement distribution (EAD). The literature on methods of allocation is focused mainly on equity issues. The purpose of this paper is to develop a composite funding formula, which adds to the equity-based element (i.e. a needs-based element compensating for…

  9. How to avoid deferred-compensation troubles.

    PubMed

    Freeman, Todd I

    2005-06-01

    Executive compensation packages have long included stock options and deferred compensation plans in order to compete for talent. Last year, Congress passed a law in response to the Enron debacle, in which executives were perceived to be protecting their deferred compensation at the expense of employees, creditors, and investors. The new law is designed to protect companies and their shareholders from being raided by the very executives that guided the company to financial ruin. Physicians who are part owners of medical practices need to know about the changes in the law regarding deferred compensation and how to avoid costly tax penalties. This article discusses how the changes affect medical practices as well as steps physician-owned clinics can take to avoid the risk of penalty, such as freezing deferred compensation and creating a new deferred compensation plan.

  10. 78 FR 72930 - Determination of Benchmark Compensation Amount for Certain Executives and Employees

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-04

    ... applies to the compensation of certain contractor senior executives on contracts with civilian agencies (i... senior executives to all of its employees (section 803 of the National Defense Authorization Act for FY... remains applicable only to certain contractor senior executives, which is defined as the five most highly...

  11. Women Chief Executives and Their Approaches towards Equity in American Universities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lindsay, Beverly

    1999-01-01

    Semistructured interviews with four African-American women serving as university president or provost examined their qualifications, past mentors, racial or gender factors affecting their position, career impediments, experiences with nonsupportive supervisors, reasons for scarcity of African-American women administrators, educational equity and…

  12. 78 FR 28441 - Executive Compensation

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-14

    ...'' is defined to cover the chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief operating officer... president that reports to the president or chief operating officer, but instead, should be based only on... compensation provided to executive officers by the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan...

  13. Using an Equity/Performance Matrix to Address Salary Compression/Inversion and Performance Pay Issues

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Richardson, Peter; Thomas, Steven

    2013-01-01

    Pay compression and inversion are significant problems for many organizations and are often severe in schools of business in particular. At the same time, there is more insistence on showing accountability and paying employees based on performance. The authors explain and show a detailed example of how to use a Compensation Equity/ Performance…

  14. Compensation of Chief Executives and Top Earners at 25 Private Universities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Blum, Debra E. Comp.; And Others

    1989-01-01

    A list that shows the compensation of chief executives and five highest-paid employees who are not officers, directors, or trustees of their institutions is presented. Most compensation figures were obtained from federal tax forms that private, tax-exempt colleges and universities must file annually. (MLW)

  15. Women's Experience in the Workers' Compensation System.

    PubMed

    Guthrie, Robert; Jansz, Janis

    2006-09-01

    Gender differences is a question of major importance within workers' compensation given the increased role of women in the workforce over the past several decades. This article reviews literature relating to women's experiences following work injury. An Australian study is used as background to exploring the broad issue of the question of gender equity in workers' compensation. In doing so it takes account of historical, legal and medical issues. Women's experience in the workers' compensation system is different to that of men due to a range of factors. It is heavily influenced by the industrial environment in which they work. Women are paid less than men in many instances and work in gender-segregated circumstances, which often reduces their industrial bargaining power. Women also suffer different forms of injury and disease to men because of the different nature of their work. The Australian experience suggests that as a consequence of the combination of lesser industrial bargaining power, lower wages and differing forms of injury and disease women often receive less than men in compensation payments, struggle to obtain equity in the dispute resolution process and experience greater difficulties in returning to work following injury or disease.

  16. 75 FR 43165 - Information Collection; OMB Control No. 3090-00XX; FFATA Subaward and Executive Compensation...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-23

    ...Rulemaking portal by inputting ``Information Collection 3090-XXXX, FFATA Subaward and Executive Compensation... ``Submit a Comment'' that corresponds with ``Information Collection 3090-XXXX, FFATA Subaward and Executive.... Please include your name, company name (if any), and ``Information Collection 3090-XXXX, FFATA Subaward...

  17. Federal Pay Equity Act of 1984. Part 1. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Compensation and Employee Benefits of the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service, House of Representatives, Ninety-Eighth Congress, Second Session on H.R. 4599...and H.R. 5092. (April 3-4, 1984).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U. S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Post Office and Civil Service.

    This document contains two congressional hearings on H.R. 4599, the Federal Pay Equity Act of 1984, and H.R. 5092, the Pay Equity Act of 1984. These bills would mandate the Office of Personnel Management to study wage discrepancies in the Federal classification structure and to devise a more equitable job evaluation program and would require…

  18. 75 FR 1670 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-12

    ... NYSE Amex Equities Rule 18 (``Compensation in Relation to Exchange System Failure'') to eliminate the..., the Commission's Public Reference Room, the Commission's Web site at http://www.sec.gov , and the... (``Compensation in Relation to Exchange System Failure'') to eliminate the $500 minimum net loss requirement for a...

  19. 76 FR 2733 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX, LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-14

    ... system,\\3\\ for routing standardized equity and index option Customer and Professional orders to away... No. 59995 (May 28, 2009), 74 FR 26750 (June 3, 2009) (SR-Phlx-2009-32). The instant proposed fees... costs that the Exchange incurs for routing and executing Customer and Professional orders in equity and...

  20. 75 FR 48391 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-10

    ... system,\\3\\ for routing standardized equity and index option customer and professional orders to away... No. 59995 (May 28, 2009), 74 FR 26750 (June 3, 2009) (SR-Phlx-2009-32). The instant proposed fees... and executing customer and professional orders in equity and index options to away markets. In May...

  1. 77 FR 61457 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Designation of Longer Period for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-09

    ... Physical Copper Trust Pursuant To NYSE Arca Equities Rule 8.201 October 2, 2012. On April 2, 2012, NYSE... Copper Trust (``Trust'') pursuant to NYSE Arca Equities Rule 8.201. The proposed rule change was..., Director of Purchasing, Encore Wire Corporation; Ron Beal, Executive Vice President, Tubes Division, Luvata...

  2. Transforming Higher Education through Organizational Meditation: A Story of the Executive Learning Series on Equity & Empowerment

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Balajee, Sonali S.; Todd, Joshua

    2018-01-01

    Equity, diversity, and inclusion are frequently on the lips of higher education professionals yet we struggle to infuse these concepts throughout the academy as evidenced in challenges recruiting faculty of color, graduating students of color, and hostile environments reported by students. The authors posit that this is because, to date, most…

  3. 75 FR 22882 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-30

    ... II system,\\3\\ for routing standardized equity and index option customer orders to away markets for... 28, 2009), 74 FR 26750 (June 3, 2009) (SR-Phlx-2009-32). The instant proposed fees will apply only to... change is to recoup costs that the Exchange incurs for routing and executing customer orders in equity...

  4. 29 CFR 541.101 - Business owner.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Business owner. 541.101 Section 541.101 Labor Regulations... Executive Employees § 541.101 Business owner. The term “employee employed in a bona fide executive capacity... equity interest in the enterprise in which the employee is employed, regardless of whether the business...

  5. 29 CFR 541.101 - Business owner.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Business owner. 541.101 Section 541.101 Labor Regulations... Executive Employees § 541.101 Business owner. The term “employee employed in a bona fide executive capacity... equity interest in the enterprise in which the employee is employed, regardless of whether the business...

  6. 29 CFR 541.101 - Business owner.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Business owner. 541.101 Section 541.101 Labor Regulations... Executive Employees § 541.101 Business owner. The term “employee employed in a bona fide executive capacity... equity interest in the enterprise in which the employee is employed, regardless of whether the business...

  7. 29 CFR 541.101 - Business owner.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Business owner. 541.101 Section 541.101 Labor Regulations... Executive Employees § 541.101 Business owner. The term “employee employed in a bona fide executive capacity... equity interest in the enterprise in which the employee is employed, regardless of whether the business...

  8. 29 CFR 541.101 - Business owner.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... equity interest in the enterprise in which the employee is employed, regardless of whether the business... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Business owner. 541.101 Section 541.101 Labor Regulations... Executive Employees § 541.101 Business owner. The term “employee employed in a bona fide executive capacity...

  9. 77 FR 24750 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-25

    ... Change Amending NYSE Arca Equities Rule 7.31 To Specify How the Immediate-or-Cancel Time-in-Force... Change The Exchange proposes to amend NYSE Arca Equities Rule 7.31 to specify how the immediate-or-cancel... part as soon as such order is received, and the portion not so executed is to be treated as cancelled...

  10. 75 FR 19661 - Determination of Benchmark Compensation Amount for Certain Executives

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-15

    ... OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET Determination of Benchmark Compensation Amount for Certain... Management and Budget is publishing the attached memorandum to the Heads of Executive Departments and... Management and Budget, telephone at 202- 395-6805 and e-mail: [email protected] . Daniel I. Gordon...

  11. 77 FR 68877 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-16

    ... pricing for NASDAQ members using the NASDAQ Options Market (``NOM''), NASDAQ's facility for executing and... recoup costs that the Exchange incurs for routing and executing certain orders in equity options to the International Securities Exchange, LLC (``ISE''). The Exchange's Pricing Schedule at Chapter XV, Section 2(4...

  12. 78 FR 71695 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Notice of Filing of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-29

    ... inquiries and investigations. The current approach of requiring members to report the reference time instead... proposing amendments to the equity trade reporting rules relating to reporting (i) an additional time field for specified trades, (ii) execution time in milliseconds, (iii) reversals, (iv) trades executed on...

  13. 24 CFR 92.354 - Labor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... section do not apply to an individual who receives no compensation or is paid expenses, reasonable... otherwise employed at any time in the construction work. See 24 CFR part 70. (c) Sweat equity. The...

  14. 77 FR 24226 - Determination of Benchmark Compensation Amount for Certain Executives

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-23

    ... otherwise accruing, as recorded in the employer's cost accounting records for the year. After consultation... certain executives in terms of costs allowable under Federal Government contracts during contractors... of compensation costs under Federal Government contracts as implemented at FAR 31.205-6(p). In less...

  15. Chief Executive Compensation and Benefits Survey 1995.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    College and Univ. Personnel Association, Washington, DC.

    This report provides data on salaries, benefits, and perquisites commonly included in the total compensation packages available to higher education chief executives, along with data on employment policies and practices. It is based on a survey of 916 institutions representing all segments of higher education. Data are presented in 141 tables under…

  16. 77 FR 44047 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Reporting Executive Compensation and First-Tier Subcontract Awards

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-26

    ... Compensation B. Definitions C. Thresholds D. Paperwork Burden E. Applicability F. Subcontract Award Data G... definition of ``first- tier subcontractor.'' Comment: A number of respondents believed that executive... technologies and ideas, and increase the Government's costs by reducing competition. These respondents also...

  17. Executive Compensation in the California Community Colleges, 2000-2001.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    California Community Colleges, Sacramento. Office of the Chancellor.

    The Chancellor's Office of the California Community Colleges, in compliance with the State Legislature's requirements, issues a yearly report detailing executive compensation in the community colleges. There are three major organizational configurations in the state: (1) 20 multi-college districts administered by chancellors; (2) 56 colleges in…

  18. Equity impact of population-level interventions and policies to reduce smoking in adults: a systematic review.

    PubMed

    Brown, Tamara; Platt, Stephen; Amos, Amanda

    2014-05-01

    There is strong evidence about which tobacco control policies reduce smoking. However, their equity impact is uncertain. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of population-level interventions/policies to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in adult smoking. Systematic review of studies of population-level interventions/policies reporting smoking-related outcomes in adults of lower compared to higher socioeconomic status (SES). References were screened and independently checked. Studies were quality assessed. Results are presented in a narrative synthesis. Equity impact was assessed as: positive (reduced inequality), neutral (no difference by SES), negative (increased inequality), mixed (equity impact varied) or unclear. 117 studies of 130 interventions/policies were included: smokefree (44); price/tax (27); mass media campaigns (30); advertising controls (9); cessation support (9); settings-based interventions (7); multiple policies (4). The distribution of equity effects was: 33 positive, 36 neutral, 38 negative, 6 mixed, 17 unclear. Most neutral equity studies benefited all SES groups. Fourteen price/tax studies were equity positive. Voluntary, regional and partial smokefree policies were more likely to be equity negative than national, comprehensive smokefree policies. Mass media campaigns had inconsistent equity effects. Cigarette marketing controls were equity positive or neutral. Targeted national smoking cessation services can be equity positive by achieving higher reach among low SES, compensating for lower quit rates. Few studies have assessed the equity impact of tobacco control policy/interventions. Price/tax increases had the most consistent positive equity impact. More research is needed to strengthen the evidence-base for reducing smoking inequalities and to develop effective equity-orientated tobacco control strategies. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

  19. Protocol for the development of a CONSORT-equity guideline to improve reporting of health equity in randomized trials.

    PubMed

    Welch, Vivian; Jull, J; Petkovic, J; Armstrong, R; Boyer, Y; Cuervo, L G; Edwards, Sjl; Lydiatt, A; Gough, D; Grimshaw, J; Kristjansson, E; Mbuagbaw, L; McGowan, J; Moher, D; Pantoja, T; Petticrew, M; Pottie, K; Rader, T; Shea, B; Taljaard, M; Waters, E; Weijer, C; Wells, G A; White, H; Whitehead, M; Tugwell, P

    2015-10-21

    Health equity concerns the absence of avoidable and unfair differences in health. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can provide evidence about the impact of an intervention on health equity for specific disadvantaged populations or in general populations; this is important for equity-focused decision-making. Previous work has identified a lack of adequate reporting guidelines for assessing health equity in RCTs. The objective of this study is to develop guidelines to improve the reporting of health equity considerations in RCTs, as an extension of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). A six-phase study using integrated knowledge translation governed by a study executive and advisory board will assemble empirical evidence to inform the CONSORT-equity extension. To create the guideline, the following steps are proposed: (1) develop a conceptual framework for identifying "equity-relevant trials," (2) assess empirical evidence regarding reporting of equity-relevant trials, (3) consult with global methods and content experts on how to improve reporting of health equity in RCTs, (4) collect broad feedback and prioritize items needed to improve reporting of health equity in RCTs, (5) establish consensus on the CONSORT-equity extension: the guideline for equity-relevant trials, and (6) broadly disseminate and implement the CONSORT-equity extension. This work will be relevant to a broad range of RCTs addressing questions of effectiveness for strategies to improve practice and policy in the areas of social determinants of health, clinical care, health systems, public health, and international development, where health and/or access to health care is a primary outcome. The outcomes include a reporting guideline (CONSORT-equity extension) for equity-relevant RCTs and a knowledge translation strategy to broadly encourage its uptake and use by journal editors, authors, and funding agencies.

  20. Who should set CEO pay? The press? Congress? Shareholders?

    PubMed

    Brownstein, A R; Panner, M J

    1992-01-01

    Populist fervor in an election year has transformed executive compensation from a business issue into a political one. Critics, led by Graef Crystal, author of In Search of Excess: The Overcompensation of American Executives, charge that CEOs are ripping off shareholders with their outrageous salaries while running U.S. corporations into the ground. Politicians claim overpaid CEOs are the root cause of the U.S. competitiveness problem. Add a recessionary business climate to the fact that some CEOs earn 130 times more than their lowest paid employees, and you have the makings of a populist rebellion. In a bid to appease voters, Congress is considering several bills that would limit the deductibility of "excessive executive salaries," the SEC has opened the issue to shareholder comment, and the Financial Accounting Standards Board is looking at new accounting standards for granting stock options to executives as part of company compensation schemes. Andrew R. Brownstein and Morris J. Panner say it's time to put the debate back where it belongs--in a business context. The real question is not are executives paid too much, but are shareholders getting their money's worth. Most U.S. corporations use stock compensation to link company long-term performance to executive salaries. And because of the staggering market performance of U.S. corporations in the 1980s, an overwhelming majority of CEOs are actually paid in line with their performance. Rather than cut executive pay, Brownstein and Panner suggest that corporations extend incentive-based compensation plans to all employees, thus narrowing the salary gap and establishing pay for performance at every level of the organization.

  1. International Entrepreneurship.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Weaver, K. Mark

    1987-01-01

    The successful experience of Ireland in encouraging entrepreneurship through such means as initial government support of promising projects is described. Among nine recommendations for ways the United States can apply successful principles are "equity" investments, tax changes, entrepreneurial-based compensation programs in…

  2. 76 FR 80989 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Amex LLC; Notice of Filing and Order Granting Accelerated...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-27

    ... Rule 577 Relating to Discretionary Proxy Voting on Executive Compensation Matters December 20, 2011. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act''),\\1\\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder... from voting uninstructed shares if the matter voted on relates to executive compensation. The foregoing...

  3. Achieving Gender Equity in Physician Compensation and Career Advancement: A Position Paper of the American College of Physicians.

    PubMed

    Butkus, Renee; Serchen, Joshua; Moyer, Darilyn V; Bornstein, Sue S; Hingle, Susan Thompson

    2018-05-15

    Women comprise more than one third of the active physician workforce, an estimated 46% of all physicians-in-training, and more than half of all medical students in the United States. Although progress has been made toward gender diversity in the physician workforce, disparities in compensation exist and inequities have contributed to a disproportionately low number of female physicians achieving academic advancement and serving in leadership positions. Women in medicine face other challenges, including a lack of mentors, discrimination, gender bias, cultural environment of the workplace, imposter syndrome, and the need for better work-life integration. In this position paper, the American College of Physicians summarizes the unique challenges female physicians face over the course of their careers and provides recommendations to improve gender equity and ensure that the full potential of female physicians is realized.

  4. 75 FR 36456 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-25

    ... prices. See Exchange Rule 1079. FLEX Options are a trademark of the Chicago Board Options Exchange. While... transactions executed pursuant to Exchange Rule 1079 (``FLEX equity options''). The Exchange believes that the... options transactions executed pursuant to Exchange Rule 1079. \\11\\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b). \\12\\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b...

  5. 78 FR 79454 - Information Collection; OMB Control No. 3090-0292; FFATA Subaward and Executive Compensation...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-30

    ...Under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. Chapter 35), the Regulatory Secretariat Division will be submitting to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) a request to review and approve a renewal of the currently approved information collection requirement regarding FFATA Subaward and Executive Compensation Reporting Requirements.

  6. 31 CFR 30.15 - Q-15: What actions are necessary for a TARP recipient to comply with certification requirements...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... officers to discuss, review, and evaluate the SEO compensation plans and employee compensation plans in... senior executive officer (SEO) compensation plans and the employee compensation plans and the risks these...] has identified and limited during the applicable period any features of the SEO compensation plans...

  7. Opening the gender diversity black box: causality of perceived gender equity and locus of control and mediation of work engagement in employee well-being.

    PubMed

    Sharma, Radha R; Sharma, Neha P

    2015-01-01

    The study is aimed at assessing the role of perceived gender equity and locus of control in employee well-being at the workplace and ascertaining if work engagement mediates between perceived gender equity, locus of control, and employee well-being (measured through optimism, general satisfaction with life and work, and executive burnout). Adopting a personal survey method data was collected from 373 managers (both males and females) from the public and private sectors representing manufacturing and service industry in India. The study bridges the knowledge gap by operationalizing the construct of perceived gender equity and studying its role in the work engagement and employee well-being. Conceptualization of the well-being in an unconventional way covering both the positive and the negative aspects extends the understanding of the emerging concept of well-being. It has practical implications for talent management and work engagement besides promoting gender equity at the workplace for employee well-being. It opens vistas for the gender based theory and cross cultural research on gender equity.

  8. Opening the gender diversity black box: causality of perceived gender equity and locus of control and mediation of work engagement in employee well-being

    PubMed Central

    Sharma, Radha R.; Sharma, Neha P.

    2015-01-01

    The study is aimed at assessing the role of perceived gender equity and locus of control in employee well-being at the workplace and ascertaining if work engagement mediates between perceived gender equity, locus of control, and employee well-being (measured through optimism, general satisfaction with life and work, and executive burnout). Adopting a personal survey method data was collected from 373 managers (both males and females) from the public and private sectors representing manufacturing and service industry in India. The study bridges the knowledge gap by operationalizing the construct of perceived gender equity and studying its role in the work engagement and employee well-being. Conceptualization of the well-being in an unconventional way covering both the positive and the negative aspects extends the understanding of the emerging concept of well-being. It has practical implications for talent management and work engagement besides promoting gender equity at the workplace for employee well-being. It opens vistas for the gender based theory and cross cultural research on gender equity. PMID:26500566

  9. 31 CFR 30.11 - Q-11: Are TARP recipients required to meet any other standards under the executive compensation...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Q-11: Are TARP recipients required to meet any other standards under the executive compensation and corporate governance standards in section 111 of EESA? 30.11 Section 30.11 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury...

  10. 76 FR 25566 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS); Electronic Ordering Procedures (DFARS...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-05

    ... and safety effects, distributive impacts, and equity). Executive Order 13563 emphasizes the importance... part of order issuance. This change will ultimately help improve the management, and promotion of...

  11. 17 CFR 240.14a-20 - Shareholder approval of executive compensation of TARP recipients.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... to include a compensation discussion and analysis in their proxy statements in order to comply with... arising from financial assistance provided under the TARP, as defined in section 3(8) of the Emergency...-K (§ 229.402 of this chapter), including the compensation discussion and analysis, the compensation...

  12. 78 FR 40630 - International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Canadian Firearms Components Exemption

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-08

    ... substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States... impacts, and equity). These executive orders stress the importance of quantifying both costs and benefits...

  13. Pay Equity: A Civil Rights Issue.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Murphy, Joseph S.

    1987-01-01

    The market principle has not worked. Women have long performed work of equal demand as men, but have not been equally compensated for it. Consitutional law prohibits such wage inequities. Society's resources must be more equitably allocated to make up for and correct that unequal treatment. (PS)

  14. The Impact of New Execution Venues on European Equity Markets' Liquidity - The Case of Chi-X

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chlistalla, Michael; Lutat, Marco

    With the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive in effect since November 2007, new trading venues have emerged in European equities trading, among them Chi-X. This paper analyzes the impact of this new market entrant on the home market as well as on consolidated liquidity of French blue chip equities, newly tradable on Chi-X. Our findings suggest that owing to this new competition the home market’s liquidity has enhanced. This is apparently due to the battle for order flow which results in narrower spreads and increased market depth. These results imply that overall liquidity in a virtually consolidated order book is in the French case higher than without the new competitor.

  15. 78 FR 11257 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-15

    ... facility for executing and routing standardized equity and index options. The Exchange also proposes a... using the Financial Information Exchange (``FIX'') protocol. The Exchange also proposes to define the...

  16. 78 FR 47179 - Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Libya and UNSCR 2095

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-05

    ... 13132 This rulemaking will not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship... and safety effects, distributed impacts, and equity). These executive orders stress the importance of...

  17. 76 FR 11256 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Comment Request Loan Sales Bidder Qualification Statement

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-01

    ... techniques of other forms of information technology, e.g., permitting electronic submission of responses..., Equity Size, Prior History with HUD Loans and prior sales participation. By executing the Qualification...

  18. Ethics and the compensation of immigrant workers for work-related injuries and illnesses.

    PubMed

    Gravel, Sylvie; Vissandjée, Bilkis; Lippel, Katherine; Brodeur, Jean-Marc; Patry, Louis; Champagne, François

    2010-10-01

    This paper examines the compensation process for work-related injuries and illnesses by assessing the trajectories of a sample of immigrant and non-immigrant workers (n = 104) in Montreal. Workers were interviewed to analyze the complexity associated with the compensation process. Experts specialized in compensation issues assessed the difficulty of the interviewees' compensation process. Immigrant workers faced greater difficulties with medical, legal, and administrative issues than non-immigrants did. While immigrant workers' claim forms tended to be written more often by employers or friends (58% vs. 8%), the claims were still more often contested by employers (64% vs. 24%). Immigrant workers were less likely to obtain a precise diagnosis (64% vs. 42%) and upon returning to work were more likely to face sub-optimal conditions. Such results throw into relief issues of ethics and equity in host societies that are building their economy with migrant workers.

  19. Expensing stock options: a fair-value approach.

    PubMed

    Kaplan, Robert S; Palepu, Krishna G

    2003-12-01

    Now that companies such as General Electric and Citigroup have accepted the premise that employee stock options are an expense, the debate is shifting from whether to report options on income statements to how to report them. The authors present a new accounting mechanism that maintains the rationale underlying stock option expensing while addressing critics' concerns about measurement error and the lack of reconciliation to actual experience. A procedure they call fair-value expensing adjusts and eventually reconciles cost estimates made at grant date with subsequent changes in the value of the options, and it does so in a way that eliminates forecasting and measurement errors over time. The method captures the chief characteristic of stock option compensation--that employees receive part of their compensation in the form of a contingent claim on the value they are helping to produce. The mechanism involves creating entries on both the asset and equity sides of the balance sheet. On the asset side, companies create a prepaid-compensation account equal to the estimated cost of the options granted; on the owners'-equity side, they create a paid-in capital stock-option account for the same amount. The prepaid-compensation account is then expensed through the income statement, and the stock option account is adjusted on the balance sheet to reflect changes in the estimated fair value of the granted options. The amortization of prepaid compensation is added to the change in the option grant's value to provide the total reported expense of the options grant for the year. At the end of the vesting period, the company uses the fair value of the vested option to make a final adjustment on the income statement to reconcile any difference between that fair value and the total of the amounts already reported.

  20. Excess Benefit Plans and Other Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Palns Under ERISA

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vogel, Mark A.

    1977-01-01

    The benefits of and restrictions imposed on qualified pension and profit-sharing plans are discussed in terms of Excess Benefit Plans (EPB), a type of deferred compensation plan. EPBs and unfunded deferred compensation plans offer flexible methods of providing additional benefits for executives and key employees. (LBH)

  1. 77 FR 40683 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-10

    ... evolution of the equities markets away from manual executions and manual enforcement of rules toward an... Exchange's current market structure and to reflect rapidly changing market technology and the development...

  2. 76 FR 23505 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Accelerate Small Business Payments (DFARS Case...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-27

    ..., distributive impacts, and equity). Executive Order 13563 emphasizes the importance of quantifying both costs... Regulations System. Therefore, 48 CFR part 232 is amended as follows: PART 232--CONTRACT FINANCING 0 1. The...

  3. Executive turnover: the influence of dispersion and other pay system characteristics.

    PubMed

    Messersmith, Jake G; Guthrie, James P; Ji, Yong-Yeon; Lee, Jeong-Yeon

    2011-05-01

    Using tournament theory as a guiding theoretical framework, in this study, we assess the organizational implications of pay dispersion and other pay system characteristics on the likelihood of turnover among individual executives in organizational teams. Specifically, we estimate the effect of these pay system characteristics on executive turnover decisions. We use a multi-industry, multilevel data set composed of executives in publicly held firms to assess the effects of pay dispersion at the individual level. Consistent with previous findings, we find that pay dispersion is associated with an increased likelihood of executive turnover. In addition, we find that other pay characteristics also affect turnover, both directly and through a moderating effect on pay dispersion. Turnover is more likely when executives receive lower portions of overall top management team compensation and when they have more pay at risk. These conditions also moderate the relationship between pay dispersion and individual turnover decisions, as does receiving lower compensation relative to the market.

  4. In Search of Economic Equity.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rodriguez, Patricia; Crocker, Elvira Valenzuela

    This report is an evaluation of where Hispanic American women rank in the areas of education, employment, compensation, health, and politics. For Hispanics, both men and women, education is vitally important, and this importance is underscored by data that show that Hispanics overall lack the ability to cope economically. High dropout rates and…

  5. Fiscal Equity of Teacher Salaries and Compensation in Oklahoma

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Maiden, Jeffrey; Evans, Nancy O.

    2009-01-01

    This quantitative study investigated the degree to which financial resources supporting teachers was equitably distributed in Oklahoma. Teachers are an important resource and their importance is being increasingly emphasized as educators attempt to increase student achievement. Every student educated in Oklahoma should have an equal right to…

  6. 31 CFR 30.16 - Q-16: What is the Office of the Special Master for TARP Executive Compensation, and what are its...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... FOR COMPENSATION AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE § 30.16 Q-16: What is the Office of the Special Master for... at any TARP recipient for which it may be useful to provide an advisory opinion as to whether such... reviewing a compensation structure or a compensation payment to determine whether it is inconsistent with...

  7. Xpey' Relational Environments: an analytic framework for conceptualizing Indigenous health equity.

    PubMed

    Kent, Alexandra; Loppie, Charlotte; Carriere, Jeannine; MacDonald, Marjorie; Pauly, Bernie

    2017-12-01

    Both health equity research and Indigenous health research are driven by the goal of promoting equitable health outcomes among marginalized and underserved populations. However, the two fields often operate independently, without collaboration. As a result, Indigenous populations are underrepresented in health equity research relative to the disproportionate burden of health inequities they experience. In this methodological article, we present Xpey' Relational Environments, an analytic framework that maps some of the barriers and facilitators to health equity for Indigenous peoples. Health equity research needs to include a focus on Indigenous populations and Indigenized methodologies, a shift that could fill gaps in knowledge with the potential to contribute to 'closing the gap' in Indigenous health. With this in mind, the Equity Lens in Public Health (ELPH) research program adopted the Xpey' Relational Environments framework to add a focus on Indigenous populations to our research on the prioritization and implementation of health equity. The analytic framework introduced an Indigenized health equity lens to our methodology, which facilitated the identification of social, structural and systemic determinants of Indigenous health. To test the framework, we conducted a pilot case study of one of British Columbia's regional health authorities, which included a review of core policies and plans as well as interviews and focus groups with frontline staff, managers and senior executives. ELPH's application of Xpey' Relational Environments serves as an example of the analytic framework's utility for exploring and conceptualizing Indigenous health equity in BC's public health system. Future applications of the framework should be embedded in Indigenous research methodologies.

  8. 78 FR 75657 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-12

    ... facility for executing and routing standardized equity and index options, to amend Routing Fees. While... other persons using any facility or system which NASDAQ operates or controls, and is not designed to...

  9. 12 CFR 1710.13 - Compensation of board members, executive officers, and employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... OVERSIGHT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT SAFETY AND SOUNDNESS CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Corporate... any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, the chief executive officer and chief...

  10. 12 CFR 1710.13 - Compensation of board members, executive officers, and employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... OVERSIGHT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT SAFETY AND SOUNDNESS CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Corporate... any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, the chief executive officer and chief...

  11. 12 CFR 1710.13 - Compensation of board members, executive officers, and employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... OVERSIGHT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT SAFETY AND SOUNDNESS CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Corporate... any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, the chief executive officer and chief...

  12. 12 CFR 1710.13 - Compensation of board members, executive officers, and employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... OVERSIGHT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT SAFETY AND SOUNDNESS CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Corporate... any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, the chief executive officer and chief...

  13. 12 CFR 1710.13 - Compensation of board members, executive officers, and employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... OVERSIGHT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT SAFETY AND SOUNDNESS CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Corporate... any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, the chief executive officer and chief...

  14. Breaking through barriers: using technology to address executive function weaknesses and improve student achievement.

    PubMed

    Schwartz, David M

    2014-01-01

    Assistive technologies provide significant capabilities for improving student achievement. Improved accessibility, cost, and diversity of applications make integration of technology a powerful tool to compensate for executive function weaknesses and deficits and their impact on student performance, learning, and achievement. These tools can be used to compensate for decreased working memory, poor time management, poor planning and organization, poor initiation, and decreased memory. Assistive technology provides mechanisms to assist students with diverse strengths and weaknesses in mastering core curricular concepts.

  15. 77 FR 57175 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-17

    ... routing and executing certain orders in equity options to NOM, specifically, options on Facebook, Inc... Reference Room, 100 F Street NE., Washington, DC 20549, on official business days between the hours of 10:00...

  16. State of Texas regional ITS architectures : El Paso region, executive summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2003-10-27

    The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a final rule to implement Section 5206(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in January of 2001. This final rule requires that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projec...

  17. 12 CFR 615.5250 - Disclosure requirements for borrower stock.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Disclosure requirements for borrower stock. 615... Disclosure requirements for borrower stock. (a) For sales of borrower stock, which for this subpart means... an at-risk investment and not a compensating balance; (ii) That the equity is retireable only at the...

  18. Education "Can" Compensate for Society--A Bit

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gorard, Stephen

    2010-01-01

    In this paper I reflect on the findings of a number of loosely related research projects undertaken with colleagues over the last ten years. Their common theme is equity, in formal education and beyond, in wider family and social settings, and with inequity expressed as the stratification of a variety of educational outcomes. The projects are…

  19. Hay/Modern Healthcare compensation survey.

    PubMed

    Berg, E

    1991-06-10

    Healthcare chief executives' base salaries overtook those of their industrial counterparts, but they still lagged when comparing total pay, according to this year's Hay/Modern Healthcare Compensation Survey. Even in total compensation, however, healthcare execs were narrowing the gap. The survey also found disparities in pay levels reflected regional factors such as the competitive environment and high cost of living.

  20. To amend the executive compensation provisions of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 to prohibit unreasonable and excessive compensation and compensation not based on performance standards.

    THOMAS, 111th Congress

    Rep. Grayson, Alan [D-FL-8

    2009-03-23

    Senate - 04/23/2009 Read the second time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 50. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Passed HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  1. State of Texas ITS architectures and deployment plans : San Angelo region, executive summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2004-11-12

    The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a final rule to implement Section 5206(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in January of 2001. This final rule requires that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projec...

  2. State of Texas ITS architectures and deployment plans : Brazos Valley region, executive summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2004-04-30

    The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a final rule to implement Section 5206(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in January of 2001. This final rule requires that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projec...

  3. State of Texas ITS architectures and deployment plans : Corpus Christi region, executive summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2003-04-28

    The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a final rule to implement Section 5206(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in January of 2001. This final rule requires that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projec...

  4. State of Texas ITS architectures and deployment plans : Tyler region, executive summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2003-07-16

    The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a final rule to implement Section 5206(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in January of 2001. This final rule requires that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projec...

  5. State of Texas ITS architectures and deployment plans : Atlanta region, executive summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2003-11-07

    The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a final rule to implement Section 5206(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in January of 2001. This final rule requires that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projec...

  6. State of Texas ITS architectures and deployment plans : Beaumont Region, executive summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2003-12-29

    The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a final rule to implement Section 5206(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in January of 2001. This final rule requires that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projec...

  7. State of Texas ITS architectures and deployment plans : Lubbock region, executive summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2005-02-28

    The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a final rule to implement Section 5206(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in January of 2001. This final rule requires that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projec...

  8. State of Texas ITS architectures and deployment plans : Paris region, executive summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2005-05-31

    The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a final rule to implement Section 5206(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in January of 2001. This final rule requires that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projec...

  9. State of Texas ITS architectures and deployment plans : Childress region, executive summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2003-08-22

    The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a final rule to implement Section 5206(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in January of 2001. This final rule requires that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projec...

  10. State of Texas ITS architectures and deployment plans : Del Rio region, executive summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2004-02-27

    The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a final rule to implement Section 5206(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in January of 2001. This final rule requires that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projec...

  11. State of Texas ITS architectures and deployment plans : Laredo region, executive summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2003-06-20

    The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a final rule to implement Section 5206(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in January of 2001. This final rule requires that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projec...

  12. State of Texas ITS architectures and deployment plans : Wichita Falls region, executive summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2005-01-14

    The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a final rule to implement Section 5206(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in January of 2001. This final rule requires that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projec...

  13. Organizational Change Management For Health Equity: Perspectives From The Disparities Leadership Program.

    PubMed

    Betancourt, Joseph R; Tan-McGrory, Aswita; Kenst, Karey S; Phan, Thuy Hoai; Lopez, Lenny

    2017-06-01

    Leaders of health care organizations need to be prepared to improve quality and achieve equity in today's health care environment characterized by a focus on achieving value and addressing disparities in a diverse population. To help address this need, the Disparities Solutions Center at Massachusetts General Hospital launched the Disparities Leadership Program in 2007. The leadership program is an ongoing, year-long, executive education initiative that trains leaders from hospitals, health plans, and health centers to improve quality and eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Feedback from participating organizations demonstrates that health care leaders seem to possess knowledge about what disparities are and about what should be done to eliminate them. Data collection, performance measurement, and multifaceted interventions remain the tools of the trade. However, the barriers to success are lack of leadership buy-in, organizational prioritization, energy, and execution, which can be addressed through organizational change management strategies. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

  14. 38 CFR 36.4209 - Reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... and Department of Veterans Affairs regulations. (A) If the assumption is approved and the transfer of... of the executed deed, bill of sale, transfer of equity agreement, and/or assumption agreement as... disapproval decision. If the application for assumption is approved and the transfer of the security is...

  15. State of Texas ITS architectures and deployment plans : Lower Rio Grande Valley region, executive summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2003-07-23

    The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a final rule to implement Section 5206(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in January of 2001. This final rule requires that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projec...

  16. 78 FR 52467 - Title I-Improving the Academic Achievement of the Disadvantaged

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-23

    ... Orders 12866 and 13563 Regulatory Impact Analysis Under Executive Order 12866, the Secretary must... or planned by another agency; (3) Materially alter the budgetary impacts of entitlement grants, user... advantages; distributive impacts; and equity); (4) To the extent feasible, specify performance objectives...

  17. Where the Money Is.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wharton, Clifton R., Jr.

    1991-01-01

    The chief executive officer of the Teachers' Insurance and Annuities Fund-College Retirement Equities Fund (TIAA-CREF) discusses the current widespread concern over retirement issues in general and the ending of mandatory retirement ages for college faculty. Changes in TIAA-CREF policies and practices affecting range and coverage of retirement…

  18. Declining Returns.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rosen, Gerald H.; Perrin, Robert

    1992-01-01

    The Teachers Insurance and Annuities Association's (TIAA) College Retirement and Equity Fund is criticized for its low returns and its chief executive officer's recent salary raise. It is said to be in need of additional regulation and policyholder involvement. A TIAA vice president responds that the analysis given is inaccurate and misleading.…

  19. State of Texas ITS architectures and deployment plans : West Central Texas region, executive summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2004-09-17

    The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a final rule to implement Section 5206(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in January of 2001. This final rule requires that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projec...

  20. 31 CFR 30.11 - Q-11: Are TARP recipients required to meet any other standards under the executive compensation...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., including any “benchmarking” or comparisons employed to identify certain percentile levels of compensation (for example, entities used for benchmarking and a justification for using these entities and the...

  1. An Online Tilt Estimation and Compensation Algorithm for a Small Satellite Camera

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Da-Hyun; Hwang, Jai-hyuk

    2018-04-01

    In the case of a satellite camera designed to execute an Earth observation mission, even after a pre-launch precision alignment process has been carried out, misalignment will occur due to external factors during the launch and in the operating environment. In particular, for high-resolution satellite cameras, which require submicron accuracy for alignment between optical components, misalignment is a major cause of image quality degradation. To compensate for this, most high-resolution satellite cameras undergo a precise realignment process called refocusing before and during the operation process. However, conventional Earth observation satellites only execute refocusing upon de-space. Thus, in this paper, an online tilt estimation and compensation algorithm that can be utilized after de-space correction is executed. Although the sensitivity of the optical performance degradation due to the misalignment is highest in de-space, the MTF can be additionally increased by correcting tilt after refocusing. The algorithm proposed in this research can be used to estimate the amount of tilt that occurs by taking star images, and it can also be used to carry out automatic tilt corrections by employing a compensation mechanism that gives angular motion to the secondary mirror. Crucially, this algorithm is developed using an online processing system so that it can operate without communication with the ground.

  2. Balancing incentives in the compensation contracts of nonprofit hospital CEOs.

    PubMed

    Preyra, C; Pink, G

    2001-07-01

    Given the considerable insight into corporate governance achieved through studies of executive compensation in proprietary firms it is surprising that executive contracting in nonprofit organizations remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we use the multitask principal agent model of Holmström and Milgrom [The Journal of Law, Economics and Organization 7 (1991) (Suppl.) 24] to argue that nonprofit hospitals represent an optimal response to information asymmetries between managers and boards. For a board with multidimensional objectives, the agency problem is getting top executives to distribute their efforts across all dimensions of the hospital's mission. The nonprofit form is preferred because the absence of high powered incentives such as share ownership reduces executives' incentives to place undue emphasis on improving financial performance at the expense of important but less observable tasks. Using newly available compensation data we test the model by comparing the conditional distributions of earnings for industrial and nonprofit hospital CEOs in Ontario. Our best estimates are that CEOs in publicly traded firms earn twice as much on average as those in similarly sized nonprofit hospitals but bear roughly eight times the income variance. Estimates of the associated degree of risk aversion are well within conventional bounds and are consistent with the trade-off between insurance and incentives predicted by the theory.

  3. 17 CFR 200.80a - Appendix A-Documentary materials available to the public.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., directors and principal stockholders of issuers having listed equity securities; and changes in such... executed by financial institution authorizing representative to serve as officer or director of holding... securities filed by officers and directors of registered public utility holding companies, and changes in...

  4. The Evolution, Development, and Future of Affirmative Action in Government.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Davis, James Edward

    This thesis discusses the evolution, development, and future of affirmative action in government. Executive Order 11246 formally created affirmative action in 1965 as a remedy for underuse of minorities and women in the workplace and classroom. Many private businesses believe government organizations promote diversity and social equity. Many local…

  5. 77 FR 40671 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE MKT LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-10

    ... evolution of the equities markets away from manual executions and manual enforcement of rules toward an... technology and the development of automated systems. \\5\\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b). \\6\\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(4). B. Self...

  6. The Supervision and Career Advancement of Women in Community College Administration

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Donohue-Mendoza, Michelle

    2012-01-01

    This study explores the specific issue of supervision as an important administrative gate keeping function that facilitates or impedes women's career advancement, and promotes gender equity at the executive leadership level in community colleges. The very nature of supervision mirrors the historical purpose of higher education, employee learning…

  7. 2002 status of the nation's highways, bridges, and transit : conditions & performance : report to Congress : executive summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2002-01-01

    This is the first Conditions and Performance Report that begins to capture the effects of investment in highways, bridges and transit undertaken since the enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in 1998. Based on data...

  8. Research Program for Vibration Control in Structures

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mingori, D. L.; Gibson, J. S.

    1986-01-01

    Purpose of program to apply control theory to large space structures (LSS's) and design practical compensator for suppressing vibration. Program models LSS as distributed system. Control theory applied to produce compensator described by functional gains and transfer functions. Used for comparison of robustness of low- and high-order compensators that control surface vibrations of realistic wrap-rib antenna. Program written in FORTRAN for batch execution.

  9. 17 CFR 229.402 - (Item 402) Executive compensation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ..., concise and understandable disclosure of all plan and non-plan compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid... stock units, phantom stock, phantom stock units, common stock equivalent units or any similar..., registrants may omit information regarding group life, health, hospitalization, or medical reimbursement plans...

  10. 17 CFR 229.402 - (Item 402) Executive compensation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ..., concise and understandable disclosure of all plan and non-plan compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid... stock units, phantom stock, phantom stock units, common stock equivalent units or any similar..., registrants may omit information regarding group life, health, hospitalization, or medical reimbursement plans...

  11. 17 CFR 229.402 - (Item 402) Executive compensation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., concise and understandable disclosure of all plan and non-plan compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid... stock units, phantom stock, phantom stock units, common stock equivalent units or any similar... to one person. Registrants may omit information regarding group life, health, hospitalization, or...

  12. 17 CFR 229.402 - (Item 402) Executive compensation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ..., concise and understandable disclosure of all plan and non-plan compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid... stock units, phantom stock, phantom stock units, common stock equivalent units or any similar... to one person. Registrants may omit information regarding group life, health, hospitalization, or...

  13. Deferred compensation for tax-exempt entities.

    PubMed

    Rich, C; Jenkins, G E

    1993-10-01

    Many executives in tax-exempt organizations, including healthcare executives, find their tax-advantaged savings opportunities dramatically reduced today compared to previous years. The benefit of employer-sponsored, "qualified" retirement and savings programs has been severely limited by ever-increasing tax restrictions on such plans when they are offered by tax-exempt organizations. And the opportunity for tax-sheltered personal investments has virtually disappeared. One of the last remaining opportunities for tax-advantaged savings in tax-exempt organizations is an employer-sponsored, non-qualified, deferred compensation plan, an option that appears increasingly attractive in light of the recently enacted increased personal tax rates.

  14. 78 FR 40507 - Appendix B Guidelines for Reviewing Applications for Compensation and Reimbursement of Expenses...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-05

    ... AGENCY: Executive Office for United States Trustees, Justice. ACTION: Notice of internal procedural... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Appendix B Guidelines for Reviewing Applications for Compensation and... internal procedural guidelines in the Federal Register of June 17, 2013, concerning guidelines for...

  15. 5 CFR 307.102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... with the Armed Forces, participated in a United States military operation for which an Armed Forces Service Medal (AFSM) was awarded pursuant to Executive Order 12985 (61 FR 1209); and (4) Recently... compensation (or who, but for the receipt of military retired pay, would be entitled to compensation) under...

  16. 20 CFR 61.404 - Assignments; creditors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Employees' Benefits OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COMPENSATION FOR INJURY...; creditors. The right of any person to benefits under the Act is not transferable of assignable at law or in... reimbursement for funeral expenses), or rights existing under the Act are subject to execution, levy, attachment...

  17. Executive Reentry: The Problems of Repatriation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cagney, William F.

    1975-01-01

    There are many ways in which a company can ease a foreign executive's transition from a foreign assignment to a United States headquarters job. Assistance in housing, accommodations, compensation, taxes, and home office atmosphere are just a few areas in which the company can help. (Author)

  18. Differential risk theory as a subset of social exchange theory: implications for making gay marriage culturally normative and for understanding stigma against homosexuals.

    PubMed

    Schumm, Walter R

    2004-02-01

    Differential risk theory, a subset of social exchange and equity theories, is proposed as an explanation for stigma towards homosexuals and as a basis for normative preferences for heterosexual marriage. Numerous gender differences involved in long-term relationships require members of such close relationships to assume greater interpersonal and social risks and thus costs, compared to same-gender relationships. Without compensating rewards or reduced costs, heterosexual relationships would be unfairly disadvantaged. Resistance to making gay marriage normative and/or equivalent legally to heterosexual marriage may be traced, rather than to homophobia, to societal attempts to maintain equity between classes of relationships characterized by inherent differential risks.

  19. [Effects of planning and executive functions on young children's script change strategy: A developmental perspective].

    PubMed

    Yanaoka, Kaichi

    2016-02-01

    This research examined the effects of planning and executive functions on young children's (ages 3-to 5-years) strategies in changing scripts. Young children (N = 77) performed a script task (doll task), three executive function tasks (DCCS, red/blue task, and nine box task), a planning task, and a receptive vocabulary task. In the doll task, young children first enacted a "changing clothes" script, and then faced a situation in which some elements of the script were inappropriate. They needed to enact a script by compensating inappropriate items for the other-script items or by changing to the other script in advance. The results showed that shifting, a factor of executive function, had a positive influence on whether young children could compensate inappropriate items. In addition, planning was also an important factor that helped children to change to the other script in advance. These findings suggest that shifting and planning play different roles in using the two strategies appropriately when young children enact scripts in unexpected situations.

  20. Gender Differences in Hospital CEO Compensation: A National Investigation of Not-for-Profit Hospitals.

    PubMed

    Song, Paula H; Lee, Shoou-Yih Daniel; Toth, Matthew; Singh, Simone R; Young, Gary J

    2018-01-01

    Gender pay equity is a desirable social value and an important strategy to fill every organizational stratum with gender-diverse talent to fulfill an organization's goals and mission. This study used national, large-sample data to examine gender difference in CEO compensation among not-for-profit hospitals. Results showed the average unadjusted annual compensation for female CEOs in 2009 was $425,085 compared with $581,121 for male CEOs. With few exceptions, the difference existed across all types of not-for-profit hospitals. After controlling for hospital- and area-level characteristics, female CEOs of not-for-profit hospitals earned 22.6% less than male CEOs of not-for-profit hospitals. This translates into an earnings differential of $132,652 associated with gender. Explanations and implications of the results are discussed.

  1. Female Superintendents, Barriers, and the Struggle for Equity.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McCreight, Carolyn

    This report examines the status of female superintendents in the United States. Women comprise 70 percent of all teachers in the United States, but men continue to dominate educational administration, particularly the superintendency. A 1999 survey revealed that females hold 20 percent of top school-executive positions and that there remain many…

  2. 78 FR 28912 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-16

    ... Proposed Rule Change Relating to Penny Pilot Options and Non-Penny Pilot Options May 10, 2013. Pursuant to... ``Options Pricing,'' at Section 2 governing pricing for NASDAQ members using the NASDAQ Options Market (``NOM''), NASDAQ's facility for executing and routing standardized equity and index options...

  3. Educational Equity and the Fiscal Incidence of Public Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McDonald, M. Brian

    1980-01-01

    Individual student data have been developed for both public education benefits (expenditures) and costs (taxes paid) for a sample of senior high school students. The results indicate a redistributive pattern that is propoor, pro-Black (for high income Blacks), and promale. Available from Executive Director, NTA-TIA, 21 East State Street, Columbus,…

  4. 78 FR 13606 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Unallowable Fringe Benefit Costs (DFARS Case...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-28

    ... indirect cost is expressly unallowable under a cost principle in the FAR, or an executive agency supplement... economic, environmental, public health and safety effects, distributive impacts, and equity). E.O. 13563... have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities within the meaning of the...

  5. Multi-Cultural Issues In Mental Health Services: Strategies Towards Equity.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    California State Dept. of Health, Sacramento.

    While California has evolved the elements of a strong and responsive mental health service delivery system based on a statutory partnership among the executive office, local jurisdictions, and citizens, many groups of persons in need of mental health services remain underserved. Such is the plight of the racial/ethnic minority people, whose…

  6. 78 FR 6368 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX BX, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-30

    ... fees for routing options to away markets. While these amendments are effective upon filing, the... recoup costs the Exchange incurs for routing and executing certain orders in equity options to away... plus the away market transaction fee as noted below. Today, the Exchange calculates Routing Fees by...

  7. 78 FR 3055 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-15

    ... Exchange incurs for routing and executing certain orders in equity options to away markets. The Exchange proposes to amend Routing Fees for the following away markets: BATS Exchange, Inc. (``BATS''), BOX Options... NASDAQ OMX PHLX LLC (``Phlx''). These away markets amended their transaction fees and the Exchange...

  8. ThinkForward: Evaluation Report and Executive Summary

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Demack, Sean; McCaig, Colin; Wolstenholme, Claire; Stevens, Anna; Fumagalli, Laura

    2016-01-01

    ThinkForward is a coaching programme, developed by Impetus Private Equity Foundation, which is designed to support secondary school pupils. ThinkForward is targeted at pupils who have been identified as being at high risk of not being in education, employment or training (NEET) following the completion of compulsory education. Coaches are assigned…

  9. Gender Equity and the Law.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rosenberg, Judith H.

    These instructional materials focus on federal laws and executive orders that prohibit sex discrimination in employment and education. The materials consist of the following: (1) a list of some of the legislation covered; (2) a list of relevant materials and resources; (3) a list of 14 instructional activities, each described by one or a few…

  10. 77 FR 27256 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-09

    ... general matter, the changes will result in fee increases and rebate reductions that reflect the persistent... the orders of institutional investors are executed in dark pools. Securities Exchange Act Release No... trading and un- displayed, or ``dark,'' liquidity. See also Mary L. Schapiro, Strengthening Our Equity...

  11. 76 FR 1201 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of a Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-07

    ... institutional investors are executed in dark pools. Securities Exchange Act Release No. 61358 (January 14, 2010...- displayed, or ``dark,'' liquidity. See also Mary L. Schapiro, Strengthening Our Equity Market Structure... Web site)(comments of Commission Chairman on what she viewed as a troubling trend of reduced...

  12. 22 CFR 192.1 - Declarations of hostile action.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Declarations of hostile action. 192.1 Section 192.1 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE HOSTAGE RELIEF VICTIMS OF TERRORISM COMPENSATION General... Terrorism Compensation Act, codified in 5 U.S.C. 5569 and 5570 and Executive Order 12598. (2) The Secretary...

  13. 22 CFR 192.1 - Declarations of hostile action.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Declarations of hostile action. 192.1 Section 192.1 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE HOSTAGE RELIEF VICTIMS OF TERRORISM COMPENSATION General... Terrorism Compensation Act, codified in 5 U.S.C. 5569 and 5570 and Executive Order 12598. (2) The Secretary...

  14. 22 CFR 192.1 - Declarations of hostile action.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Declarations of hostile action. 192.1 Section 192.1 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE HOSTAGE RELIEF VICTIMS OF TERRORISM COMPENSATION General... Terrorism Compensation Act, codified in 5 U.S.C. 5569 and 5570 and Executive Order 12598. (2) The Secretary...

  15. 22 CFR 192.1 - Declarations of hostile action.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Declarations of hostile action. 192.1 Section 192.1 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE HOSTAGE RELIEF VICTIMS OF TERRORISM COMPENSATION General... Terrorism Compensation Act, codified in 5 U.S.C. 5569 and 5570 and Executive Order 12598. (2) The Secretary...

  16. 22 CFR 192.1 - Declarations of hostile action.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Declarations of hostile action. 192.1 Section 192.1 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE HOSTAGE RELIEF VICTIMS OF TERRORISM COMPENSATION General... Terrorism Compensation Act, codified in 5 U.S.C. 5569 and 5570 and Executive Order 12598. (2) The Secretary...

  17. AACC CEO Survey: Compensation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Phillippe, Kent A.

    2016-01-01

    In 2015, the American Association of Community Colleges (AACC) conducted a survey of community college chief executive officers (CEOs) to collect their opinions on current issues, and gather information on their compensation. This report provides the results from this survey. The AACC CEO Survey was sent to 960 public community college presidents.…

  18. Leadership, Communication, and Negotiation Across a Diverse Workforce*: An AOA Critical Issues Symposium.

    PubMed

    Clohisy, Denis R; Yaszemski, Michael J; Lipman, Joanne

    2017-06-21

    The current workforce in the United States is rapidly changing and is increasingly inclusive of individuals from a broad range of ages, ethnicities, and cultural backgrounds. Engaging and leading a diverse workforce creates great opportunities for innovation and adaptation in our evolving medical economic and clinical care delivery environment. For optimal engagement of employees and partners, orthopaedic surgeons must develop the necessary skills for executing change inside complex organizations and across teams composed of a variety of providers and skilled workers. Important skills include leadership, effective communication, and negotiation within an ever-changing employee milieu. Understanding generalizable differences between age-based generations can increase the effectiveness of one's strategies to execute change and increase organizational performance. One of the greatest impediments to effective communication and negotiations that all leaders face is unconscious bias. For leaders, even the tiniest unconscious biases have an outsized impact. Common domains that harbor unconscious bias include sex, race, and ethnicity. Addressing unconscious bias begins with developing awareness and then deploying various tactics that might include equity in compensation, promotion, and "being heard." Effective negotiation skills also are essential to lead a diverse workforce and develop a successful organization. The most basic goal in any negotiation should be to establish a relationship (or deepen an existing relationship) while seeking an agreement that provides win-win opportunities for all parties. To effectively achieve a win-win scenario, leaders must recognize and address their tendency to interpret others' behaviors, values, and beliefs through the lens of their own beliefs and experiences. Finally, and fortunately, there is a set of leader attributes that transcends the generational differences and diversity that is encountered in the workplace. These attributes include integrity, credibility, effective listening, having a vision of your destination, fairness, humility, and caring.

  19. Perspective: POTUS Trump's Executive Orders - Implications for Immigrants and Health Care.

    PubMed

    Talamantes, Efrain; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio

    2017-01-01

    The United States, under new executive orders proposed by its 45th president, may quickly lose its greatness in serving Emma Lazarus' untimely portrait of immigrants and refugees as " the tired, poor and huddled masses yearning to breathe free ." After years of progress in improving health care access to underserved populations, new executive orders threaten our nation's advancements in health equity. Within this perspective, we offer examples on how these actions may result in damaging impacts on patients, families, communities and the health care workforce. We add our voices to a myriad of national leaders who are advocating for the preservation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the protection of immigrants, including Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA).

  20. Financing Opportunities for Renewable Energy Development in Alaska

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ardani, K.; Hillman, D.; Busche, S.

    2013-04-01

    This technical report provides an overview of existing and potential financing structures for renewable energy project development in Alaska with a focus on four primary sources of project funding: government financed or supported (the most commonly used structure in Alaska today), developer equity capital, commercial debt, and third-party tax-equity investment. While privately funded options currently have limited application in Alaska, their implementation is theoretically possible based on successful execution in similar circumstances elsewhere. This report concludes that while tax status is a key consideration in determining appropriate financing structure, there are opportunities for both taxable and tax-exempt entities to participatemore » in renewable energy project development.« less

  1. Financialisation in health care: An analysis of private equity fund investments in Turkey.

    PubMed

    Eren Vural, Ipek

    2017-08-01

    The 2007-2008 global financial crisis revived interest in the impacts of financial markets and actors on our social and economic life. Nevertheless, research on health care financialisation remains scant. This article presents findings from research on one modality of financial investments in health care: global private equity funds' investments in private hospitals. Adopting a political economy approach, it analyses the drivers and impacts of the upsurge of global private equity investments in the Turkish private hospital sector amid the global financial crisis. The analysis derives from review of research and archival literature, as well as six in-depth interviews held with owners/executive board directors/general managers of the largest private hospital chains in Turkey and the general partners of their PE investors. The interviewing process took place between January and November 2016. All interviews were conducted by the author in Istanbul. The findings point to a mutually reinforcing relationship between neoliberal policies and financialisation processes in health care. The article shows that neoliberal healthcare reforms, introduced under consecutive Justice and Development Party (JDP) governments in Turkey, have been important precursors of private equity investments in healthcare services. These private equity investments, in turn, intensified and broadened the process of marketisation in health care services. Four impacts are identified, through which private equity investments hasten the marketisation of health care services. These relate to the impacts of private equity investments on a) advancing the process of chain formation by large hospital groups, b) spreading financial imperatives into the operations of private hospitals c) fostering internationalisation of capital, and d) augmenting inequities in access to health care services and standards. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Standards of Good Practice in the Employment of Part-Time/Adjunct Faculty: A Blueprint for Raising Standards and Ensuring Financial and Professional Equity.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    American Federation of Teachers, Washington, DC.

    This publication asserts an urgent need to professionalize the manner in which part-time/adjunct college faculty are employed, compensated, and treated, both by their employers and their unions, laying out standards of good practice. Section 1, "Curbing the Exploitation of Part-Time/Adjunct Faculty in Employment," presents standards of…

  3. Increasing Equity and Compensating Historically Academically Disadvantaged Students at a Tertiary Level: Benefits of a Science Foundation Programme as a Way of Access

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Downs, Colleen

    2010-01-01

    An approach to remedy the scarcity of Black students within the sciences at southern African universities has been the development of access programmes. There has been little acknowledgement of the contribution of these access programmes in increasing the quantity and quality of graduates. The contribution made by the Science Foundation Programme…

  4. An Integrated Framework for Gender Equity in Academic Medicine.

    PubMed

    Westring, Alyssa; McDonald, Jennifer M; Carr, Phyllis; Grisso, Jeane Ann

    2016-08-01

    In 2008, the National Institutes of Health funded 14 R01 grants to study causal factors that promote and support women's biomedical careers. The Research Partnership on Women in Biomedical Careers, a multi-institutional collaboration of the investigators, is one product of this initiative.A comprehensive framework is needed to address change at many levels-department, institution, academic community, and beyond-and enable gender equity in the development of successful biomedical careers. The authors suggest four distinct but interrelated aspects of culture conducive to gender equity: equal access to resources and opportunities, minimizing unconscious gender bias, enhancing work-life balance, and leadership engagement. They review the collection of eight articles in this issue, which each address one or more of the four dimensions of culture. The articles suggest that improving mentor-mentee fit, coaching grant reviewers on unconscious bias, and providing equal compensation and adequate resources for career development will contribute positively to gender equity in academic medicine.Academic medicine must adopt an integrated perspective on culture for women and acknowledge the multiple facets essential to gender equity. To effect change, culture must be addressed both within and beyond academic health centers (AHCs). Leaders within AHCs must examine their institutions' processes, resources, and assessment for fairness and transparency; mobilize personnel and financial resources to implement evidence-based initiatives; and assign accountability for providing transparent progress assessments. Beyond AHCs, organizations must examine their operations and implement change to ensure parity of funding, research, and leadership opportunities as well as transparency of assessment and accreditation.

  5. 40 CFR 1066.260 - Parasitic friction compensation evaluation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... also first verify the dynamometer's parasitic loss curve as specified in § 1066.255. (c) Procedure. Use...-load coefficients A, B, and C set to 0. Set the dynamometer to speed-control mode with a target speed... friction compensation is executed perfectly, there will be no change in speed during the measurement...

  6. 40 CFR 1066.260 - Parasitic friction compensation evaluation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... also first verify the dynamometer's parasitic loss curve as specified in § 1066.255. (c) Procedure. Use...-load coefficients A, B, and C set to 0. Set the dynamometer to speed-control mode with a target speed... friction compensation is executed perfectly, there will be no change in speed during the measurement...

  7. 40 CFR 1066.260 - Parasitic friction compensation evaluation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... and 1066.240. You must also first verify the dynamometer's parasitic loss curve as specified in § 1066... with the road-load coefficients A, B, and C set to 0. Set the dynamometer to speed-control mode with a... times. If friction compensation is executed perfectly, there will be no change in speed during the...

  8. Where the Girls Are: The Facts about Gender Equity in Education. Executive Summary

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Corbett, Christianne; Hill, Catherine; St. Rose, Andresse

    2008-01-01

    This document summarizes the full report, which presents a comprehensive look at girls' educational achievement during the past 35 years, paying special attention to the relationship between girls' and boys' progress. Analyses of results from national standardized tests such as the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and the SAT and…

  9. 78 FR 62745 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To Amend...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-22

    ... modifiers. Given the ever complex nature of equities trading, the Exchange has undertaken a comprehensive... been adopted and amended over the years, accurately describe the functionality associated with those... executed at the National Best Bid or Offer (``NBBO''). Therefore, Market Orders will not trade through the...

  10. 77 FR 44294 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE MKT LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Amending...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-27

    ... communications between the parties of the transaction, and the negotiations may occur through a telephone...'' orders by Floor Brokers. Rule 76--Equities applies only to manual transactions executed at the point of... the proposed cross transaction.\\3\\ If no one in the trading crowd breaks up the proposed cross, the...

  11. 78 FR 3053 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX BX, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-15

    ... options to away markets. The text of the proposed rule change is provided in Exhibit 5. The text of the... routing and executing certain orders in equity options to away markets. The Exchange proposes to amend Routing Fees for the following away markets: BATS Exchange, Inc. (``BATS''), BOX Options Exchange LLC...

  12. 78 FR 6386 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-30

    ... for routing and executing certain orders in equity options to away markets. Currently, the fees for... plus the away market transaction fee as noted below. Today, the Exchange calculates Routing Fees by... routing orders to away markets plus the away market's transaction fee. With respect to the fixed costs...

  13. 75 FR 11957 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-12

    ... system,\\3\\ for routing standardized equity and index option customer orders to away markets for execution... and index options to certain better-priced away markets. In May 2009, the Exchange adopted Rule 1080(m... the Exchange when orders are routed to these away markets. The Exchange is proposing a $.36...

  14. The Investment Case for Education and Equity. Executive Summary

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    UNICEF, 2015

    2015-01-01

    Education is a human right. The Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognize the essential role education plays in human and social development. As stated in article 26 of the Declaration, "Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental…

  15. Expensing options solves nothing.

    PubMed

    Sahlman, William A

    2002-12-01

    The use of stock options for executive compensation has become a lightning rod for public anger, and it's easy to see why. Many top executives grew hugely rich on the back of the gains they made on their options, profits they've been able to keep even as the value they were supposed to create disappeared. The supposed scam works like this: Current accounting regulations let companies ignore the cost of option grants on their income statements, so they can award valuable option packages without affecting reported earnings. Not charging the cost of the grants supposedly leads to overstated earnings, which purportedly translate into unrealistically high share prices, permitting top executives to realize big gains when they exercise their options. If an accounting anomaly is the problem, then the solution seems obvious: Write off executive share options against the current year's revenues. The trouble is, Sahlman writes, expensing option grants won't give us a more accurate view of earnings, won't add any information not already included in the financial statements, and won't even lead to equal treatment of different forms of executive pay. Far worse, expensing evades the real issue, which is whether compensation (options and other-wise) does what it's supposed to do--namely, help a company recruit, retain, and provide the right people with appropriate performance incentives. Any performance-based compensation system has the potential to encourage cheating. Only ethical management, sensible governance, adequate internal control systems, and comprehensive disclosure will save the investor from disaster. If, Sahlman warns, we pass laws that require the expensing of options, thinking that's fixed the fundamental flaws in corporate America's accounting, we will have missed a golden opportunity to focus on the much more extensive defects in the present system.

  16. Perspective: POTUS Trump’s Executive Orders – Implications for Immigrants and Health Care

    PubMed Central

    Talamantes, Efrain; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio

    2017-01-01

    The United States, under new executive orders proposed by its 45th president, may quickly lose its greatness in serving Emma Lazarus’ untimely portrait of immigrants and refugees as “the tired, poor and huddled masses yearning to breathe free.” After years of progress in improving health care access to underserved populations, new executive orders threaten our nation’s advancements in health equity. Within this perspective, we offer examples on how these actions may result in damaging impacts on patients, families, communities and the health care workforce. We add our voices to a myriad of national leaders who are advocating for the preservation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the protection of immigrants, including Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). PMID:28439182

  17. History of Combat Pay

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-08-01

    distribution of risks, the equal eligibility criteria and monetary compensation of HFP and IDP failed to equitably recognize the dire risks of war zones...notions of equity . The wide distribution of risks receiving special pay may also dilute the impact of recognition on servicemember morale. In 2003, the...recognition for the latent risks of low-intensity conflicts as the hazards of open war. Equalization of special pay among individuals exposed to risk

  18. Nursing home administrator compensation: pay equity and determinants of salary.

    PubMed

    Singh, Douglas A

    2002-01-01

    This study evaluates the issue of gender-based pay inequality. Male NHAs earn 7 percent more than female NHAs, but factors such as education, experience, tenure, facility size, ownership, location, competition, and emphasis on private pay census account for the difference. The findings, however, indicate that racial inequalities and gender differences among married NHAs may be present, requiring further investigation. Key implications of the results are discussed.

  19. From Best Research to What Works: Performance-Based Compensation in Public Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Albert Shanker Institute, 2006

    2006-01-01

    This document is a transcript of a forum held in Washington, D.C. on June 6, 2006 on performance-based compensation in public education. The discussion was introduced by Eugenia Kemble, executive director of the Albert Shanker Institute, forum sponsor. The forum was moderated by Milton Goldberg and featured speakers Edward Lawler (director, Center…

  20. 76 FR 6009 - Shareholder Approval of Executive Compensation and Golden Parachute Compensation

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-02

    ...)(1) requires that ``[n]ot less frequently than once every 3 years, a proxy or consent or... Exchange Act, requiring that, ``[n]ot less frequently than once every 6 years, a proxy or consent or... determine whether [the say- on-pay vote] will occur every 1, 2, or 3 years.'' \\20\\ As discussed below, this...

  1. 75 FR 66589 - Shareholder Approval of Executive Compensation and Golden Parachute Compensation

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-28

    ... 14A(b)(2). \\26\\ Exchange Act Section 14A(c). For a more detailed discussion of the advisory nature of... the shareholder votes required by Rule 14a-21, including disclosure of the non-binding nature of the...-binding nature of the vote. We are proposing to require additional disclosure so that information about...

  2. The Peat Marwick/AS&U Compensation Survey. Part II: For College and University Executives.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    American School and University, 1986

    1986-01-01

    A total of 375 responses were received from two- and four-year colleges nationwide to a survey of compensation packages for the following positions: president; professor; and chief officers for academic concerns, business, facilities, purchasing, and computer services. Tables display data sorted by two- and four-year institutions and enrollment…

  3. High IQ May "Mask" the Diagnosis of ADHD by Compensating for Deficits in Executive Functions in Treatment-Naïve Adults With ADHD.

    PubMed

    Milioni, Ana Luiza Vidal; Chaim, Tiffany Moukbel; Cavallet, Mikael; de Oliveira, Nathalya Moleda; Annes, Marco; Dos Santos, Bernardo; Louzã, Mario; da Silva, Maria Aparecida; Miguel, Carmen Silvia; Serpa, Mauricio Henriques; Zanetti, Marcus V; Busatto, Geraldo; Cunha, Paulo Jannuzzi

    2017-04-01

    To evaluate and compare the performance of adults with ADHD with high and standard IQ in executive functions (EF) tasks. We investigated the neuropsychological performance of 51 adults with ADHD, compared with 33 healthy controls (HC) while performing a wide battery of neuropsychological tests that measure executive functioning. Adults with clinical diagnosis of ADHD were divided into two groups according to their IQ level (IQ ≥ 110-ADHD group with more elevated IQ, and IQ < 110-ADHD group with standard IQ). The ADHD group with standard IQ presented a worse executive functioning compared with the HC group in the following measures: Stroop 2 ( p = .000) and 3 ( p = .000), Trail Making Test (TMT) B ( p = .005), Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test (WCST)-perseverative errors ( p = .022) and failures to maintain set ( p = .020), Continuous Performance Test (CPT)-omission errors ( p = .005) and commission errors ( p = .000), and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB)-conceptualization ( p = .016). The ADHD group with more elevated IQ presented only impairments in the CPT-commission errors ( p = .019) when compared with the control group. Adults with ADHD and more elevated IQ show less evidence of executive functioning deficits compared with those with ADHD and standard IQ, suggesting that a higher degree of intellectual efficiency may compensate deficits in executive functions, leading to problems in establishing a precise clinical diagnosis.

  4. Compensation of chief executive officers at nonprofit US hospitals.

    PubMed

    Joynt, Karen E; Le, Sidney T; Orav, E John; Jha, Ashish K

    2014-01-01

    Hospital chief executive officers (CEOs) can shape the priorities and performance of their organizations. The degree to which their compensation is based on their hospitals' quality performance is not well known. To characterize CEO compensation and examine its relation with quality metrics. Retrospective observational study. Participants included 1877 CEOs at 2681 private, nonprofit US hospitals. We used linear regression to identify hospital structural characteristics associated with CEO pay. We then determined the degree to which a hospital's performance on financial metrics, technologic metrics, quality metrics, and community benefit in 2008 was associated with CEO pay in 2009. The CEOs in our sample had a mean compensation of $595,781 (median, $404,938) in 2009. In multivariate analyses, CEO pay was associated with the number of hospital beds overseen ($550 for each additional bed; 95% CI, 429-671; P < .001), teaching status ($425,078 more at major teaching vs nonteaching hospitals; 95% CI, 315,238-534,918; P < .001), and urban location. Hospitals with high levels of advanced technologic capabilities compensated their CEOs $135,862 more (95% CI, 80,744-190,990; P < .001) than did hospitals with low levels of technology. Hospitals with high performance on patient satisfaction compensated their CEOs $51,706 more than did those with low performance on patient satisfaction (95% CI, 15,166-88,247; P = .006). We found no association between CEO pay and hospitals' margins, liquidity, capitalization, occupancy rates, process quality performance, mortality rates, readmission rates, or measures of community benefit. Compensation of CEOs at nonprofit hospitals was highly variable across the country. Compensation was associated with technology and patient satisfaction but not with processes of care, patient outcomes, or community benefit.

  5. Louisiana's Achievements for Gender Equity in Vocational Education. Executive Summary 1996-97.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hargroder, Margaret

    Workplace and educational changes related to gender in Louisiana in 1996-97 suggest some progress but a continued need to reduce wide gender gaps in some occupational areas. Workplace data show a closing gender gap, but changes are occurring at different rates for different areas. Women's share of the total labor force continues to rise; wage…

  6. Egypt in Transition: Responding to Social and Political Changes in Executive Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wafa, Dina Mohamed

    2013-01-01

    Egypt witnessed an unexpected uprising on 25 January 2011. People took to the streets demanding their rights to freedom, equity and a better economy, and in only 18 days managed to oust President Mubarak, who had held power for 30 years. The transition period is still ongoing with an unfolding of events creating turbulence in the political, social…

  7. 78 FR 56249 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX BX, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-12

    ... executing certain trades that either add liquidity to or remove liquidity from the Exchange's order book in... adopted its fees, it set its fee levels appropriate to the start-up nature of the Exchange's new equities... to perform at a high level of responsiveness and efficiency. \\5\\ Securities Exchange Act Release No...

  8. 78 FR 76353 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX BX, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-17

    ... fees for routing options to away markets. The text of the proposed rule change is available on the... Exchange incurs for routing and executing certain orders in equity options to away markets. Today, the... assessed. If the away market pays a rebate, the Routing Fee is $0.00 per contract.\\4\\ \\3\\ Including BATS...

  9. 78 FR 5530 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-25

    ... costs that the Exchange incurs for routing and executing orders in equity options to various away... routing orders to away markets plus the away market's transaction fee. The Exchange assesses a $0.04 per... addition to the actual transaction fee or rebate paid by the away market. The fixed Routing Fee is based on...

  10. Promising Practices and Unfinished Business: Fostering Equity and Excellence for Black and Latino Males. Executive Summary

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tung, Rosann; Carlo, Vivian Dalila; Colón, Melissa; Del Razo, Jaime L.; Diamond, John B.; Raynor, Alethea Frazier; Graves, Daren; Kuttner, Paul J.; Miranda, Helena; St. Rose, Andresse

    2015-01-01

    Boston Public Schools (BPS) commissioned companion studies as part of its efforts to address achievement gaps for Black and Latino males. The first study revealed the increasing diversity of Black and Latino males and stark opportunity gaps throughout the system that contribute in large part to wide attainment gaps for these students. We…

  11. 75 FR 38163 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-01

    ... prices. See Exchange Rule 1079. FLEX Options are a trademark of the Chicago Board Options Exchange. While... pursuant to Exchange Rule 1079 (``FLEX equity options''). The Exchange believes that the proposed fee... options transactions executed pursuant to Exchange Rule 1079. \\11\\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b). \\12\\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b...

  12. 76 FR 77862 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX BX, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-14

    ... Modify Pricing for BX Members Using the NASDAQ OMX BX Equities System December 8, 2011. Pursuant to... of the Proposed Rule Change The Exchange proposes to modify pricing for BX Members using the NASDAQ... above $1. BX has a pricing model under which members are charged for the execution of quotes/orders...

  13. Senior Executives' Perceptions of Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Online Marketing Strategies: The Case of Singapore.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Teo, Thompson S. H.; Tan, Jek Swan

    2002-01-01

    Describes a study on Internet marketing strategies of business-to-consumer (B2C) firms in Singapore. Results of a survey and hierarchical regression analyses indicate that strategies to attract customers and to relate to customers have significant positive relationships to online brand equity, which is positively related to financial growth.…

  14. South African labour law and HIV / AIDS.

    PubMed

    Smart, R; Strode, A

    1999-01-01

    This article contains five key pieces of labor legislation in South Africa, including one applying specifically to the mining industry which protect the rights of employees. These laws include: the Employment Equity Act, No. 55 of 1998; the Labour Relations Act, No. 66 of 1995; the Occupational Health and Safety Act, No. 85 of 1993; the Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act No. 130 of 1993; the Mines Health and Safety Act, No. 29 of 1996; and the Basic Conditions of Employment Act, No. 75 of 1997. This paper further presents the Medical Schemes Act, No. 131 of 1998 and the protection of the right to privacy and dignity. Although HIV/AIDS was expressly referred to only in the Employment Equity Act, there are provisions in all the other Acts, which have relevance to HIV/AIDS.

  15. Evaluation of the Teacher Incentive Fund: Implementation and Impacts of Pay-for-Performance after Two Years. Executive Summary. NCEE 2015-4021

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chiang, Hanley; Wellington, Alison; Hallgren, Kristin; Speroni, Cecilia; Herrmann, Mariesa; Glazerman, Steven; Constantine, Jill

    2015-01-01

    Recent efforts to attract and retain effective educators and to improve teaching practices have focused on reforming evaluation and compensation systems for teachers and principals. In 2006, Congress established the Teacher Incentive Fund (TIF), which provides grants to support performance-based compensation systems for teachers and principals in…

  16. CEO Compensation and Hospital Financial Performance

    PubMed Central

    Reiter, Kristin L.; Sandoval, Guillermo A.; Brown, Adalsteinn D.; Pink, George H.

    2010-01-01

    Growing interest in pay-for-performance and the level of CEO pay raises questions about the link between performance and compensation in the health sector. This study compares the compensation of non-profit hospital Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) in Ontario, Canada to the three longest reported and most used measures of hospital financial performance. Our sample consisted of 132 CEOs from 92 hospitals between 1999 and 2006. Unbalanced panel data were analyzed using fixed effects regression. Results suggest that CEO compensation was largely unrelated to hospital financial performance. Inflation-adjusted salaries appeared to increase over time independent of hospital performance, and hospital size was positively correlated with CEO compensation. The apparent upward trend in salary despite some declines in financial performance challenges the fundamental assumption underlying this paper, that is, financial performance is likely linked to CEO compensation in Ontario. Further research is needed to understand long-term performance related to compensation incentives. PMID:19605619

  17. CEO compensation and hospital financial performance.

    PubMed

    Reiter, Kristin L; Sandoval, Guillermo A; Brown, Adalsteinn D; Pink, George H

    2009-12-01

    Growing interest in pay-for-performance and the level of chief executive officers' (CEOs') pay raises questions about the link between performance and compensation in the health sector. This study compares the compensation of nonprofit hospital CEOs in Ontario, Canada to the three longest reported and most used measures of hospital financial performance. Our sample consisted of 132 CEOs from 92 hospitals between 1999 and 2006. Unbalanced panel data were analyzed using fixed effects regression. Results suggest that CEO compensation was largely unrelated to hospital financial performance. Inflation-adjusted salaries appeared to increase over time independent of hospital performance, and hospital size was positively correlated with CEO compensation. The apparent upward trend in salary despite some declines in financial performance challenges the fundamental assumption underlying this article, that is, financial performance is likely linked to CEO compensation in Ontario. Further research is needed to understand long-term performance related to compensation incentives.

  18. 77 FR 3829 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Order Granting Accelerated...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-25

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-66192; File No. SR-NYSEArca-2012-02] Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Order Granting Accelerated Approval of a Proposed Rule Amendments to NYSE Arca Rule 9.4 and NYSE Equities Inc. Rules 5.3(d) and 9.4 Relating to Discretionary Proxy Voting on Executive...

  19. 77 FR 23536 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-19

    ... Orders (``MOO Orders''). The text of the proposed rule change is available at the Exchange, www.nyse.com.... Purpose The Exchange proposes to amend NYSE Arca Equities Rule 7.31(t) to provide for LOO and MOO Orders... orders that are only executed within an auction.\\4\\ As proposed, LOO and MOO Orders would be defined...

  20. Strong performance. Healthcare executives reaped big rewards in 2010, with returning hospital CEOs seeing a 58.2% gain in compensation.

    PubMed

    Galloro, Vince

    2011-08-15

    Healthcare CEOs saw their compensation slip relative to other industries but still earned big paydays last year. "2010 was a great year for corporate earnings and stock performance," says Steve Kaplan, left, a professor of finance and entrepreneurship. "Part of the reason for the increase in pay is that the CEOs delivered in 2010."

  1. 31 CFR 30.11 - Q-11: Are TARP recipients required to meet any other standards under the executive compensation...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Q-11: Are TARP recipients required to... 111 of EESA? 30.11 Section 30.11 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury... certain deferred compensation and pension accruals but to disregard any grant of long-term restricted...

  2. 31 CFR 30.11 - Q-11: Are TARP recipients required to meet any other standards under the executive compensation...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Q-11: Are TARP recipients required to... 111 of EESA? 30.11 Section 30.11 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury... certain deferred compensation and pension accruals but to disregard any grant of long-term restricted...

  3. 31 CFR 30.16 - Q-16: What is the Office of the Special Master for TARP Executive Compensation, and what are its...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Q-16: What is the Office of the....16 Section 30.16 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury TARP STANDARDS... benefits under a pension plan and above-market earnings on deferred compensation). The Special Master's...

  4. 31 CFR 30.16 - Q-16: What is the Office of the Special Master for TARP Executive Compensation, and what are its...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Q-16: What is the Office of the....16 Section 30.16 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury TARP STANDARDS... benefits under a pension plan and above-market earnings on deferred compensation). The Special Master's...

  5. 31 CFR 30.11 - Q-11: Are TARP recipients required to meet any other standards under the executive compensation...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Q-11: Are TARP recipients required to... 111 of EESA? 30.11 Section 30.11 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury... certain deferred compensation and pension accruals but to disregard any grant of long-term restricted...

  6. 31 CFR 30.16 - Q-16: What is the Office of the Special Master for TARP Executive Compensation, and what are its...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Q-16: What is the Office of the....16 Section 30.16 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury TARP STANDARDS... benefits under a pension plan and above-market earnings on deferred compensation). The Special Master's...

  7. Evaluation of the Teacher Incentive Fund: Final Report on Implementation and Impacts of Pay-for-Performance across Four Years: Executive Summary. NCEE 2018-4005

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chiang, Hanley; Speroni, Cecilia; Herrmann, Mariesa; Hallgren, Kristin; Burkander, Paul; Wellington, Alison

    2017-01-01

    The Teacher Incentive Fund (TIF) provides grants to support performance-based compensation systems for teachers and principals in high-need schools. The study measures the impact of pay-for-performance bonuses as part of a comprehensive compensation system within a large, multisite random assignment study design. The treatment schools were to…

  8. Evaluation of the Teacher Incentive Fund: Implementation and Early Impacts of Pay-for-Performance after One Year. Executive Summary. NCEE 2014-4020

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Max, Jeffrey; Constantine, Jill; Wellington, Alison; Hallgren, Kristin; Glazerman, Steven; Chiang, Hanley; Speroni, Cecilia

    2014-01-01

    The Teacher Incentive Fund (TIF) provides grants to support performance-based compensation systems for teachers and principals in high-need schools. The study measures the impact of pay-for-performance bonuses as part of a comprehensive compensation system within a large, multisite random assignment study design. The treatment schools were to…

  9. 78 FR 60381 - Amendments to the 2013 Mortgage Rules Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B), Real...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-01

    ...This final rule amends some of the final mortgage rules issued by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (Bureau) in January 2013. These amendments focus primarily on loss mitigation procedures under Regulation X's servicing provisions, amounts counted as loan originator compensation to retailers of manufactured homes and their employees for purposes of applying points and fees thresholds under the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act and the Ability-to-Repay rules in Regulation Z, exemptions available to creditors that operate predominantly in ``rural or underserved'' areas for various purposes under the mortgage regulations, application of the loan originator compensation rules to bank tellers and similar staff, and the prohibition on creditor-financed credit insurance. The Bureau also is adjusting the effective dates for certain provisions of the loan originator compensation rules. In addition, the Bureau is adopting technical and wording changes for clarification purposes to Regulations B, X, and Z.

  10. The proportion of work-related emergency department visits not expected to be paid by workers' compensation: implications for occupational health surveillance, research, policy, and health equity.

    PubMed

    Groenewold, Matthew R; Baron, Sherry L

    2013-12-01

    To examine trends in the proportion of work-related emergency department visits not expected to be paid by workers' compensation during 2003-2006, and to identify demographic and clinical correlates of such visits. A total of 3,881 work-related emergency department visit records drawn from the 2003-2006 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys. Secondary, cross-sectional analyses of work-related emergency department visit data were performed. Odds ratios and 95 percent confidence intervals were modeled using logistic regression. A substantial and increasing proportion of work-related emergency department visits in the United States were not expected to be paid by workers' compensation. Private insurance, Medicaid, Medicare, and workers themselves were expected to pay for 40 percent of the work-related emergency department visits with this percentage increasing annually. Work-related visits by blacks, in the South, to for-profit hospitals and for work-related illnesses were all more likely not to be paid by workers' compensation. Emergency department-based surveillance and research that determine work-relatedness on the basis of expected payment by workers' compensation systematically underestimate the occurrence of occupational illness and injury. This has important methodological and policy implications. © Health Research and Educational Trust.

  11. Assessing Social – Ecological Trade-Offs to Advance Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management

    PubMed Central

    Voss, Rudi; Quaas, Martin F.; Schmidt, Jörn O.; Tahvonen, Olli; Lindegren, Martin; Möllmann, Christian

    2014-01-01

    Modern resource management faces trade-offs in the provision of various ecosystem goods and services to humanity. For fisheries management to develop into an ecosystem-based approach, the goal is not only to maximize economic profits, but to consider equally important conservation and social equity goals. We introduce such a triple-bottom line approach to the management of multi-species fisheries using the Baltic Sea as a case study. We apply a coupled ecological-economic optimization model to address the actual fisheries management challenge of trading-off the recovery of collapsed cod stocks versus the health of ecologically important forage fish populations. Management strategies based on profit maximization would rebuild the cod stock to high levels but may cause the risk of stock collapse for forage species with low market value, such as Baltic sprat (Fig. 1A). Economically efficient conservation efforts to protect sprat would be borne almost exclusively by the forage fishery as sprat fishing effort and profits would strongly be reduced. Unless compensation is paid, this would challenge equity between fishing sectors (Fig. 1B). Optimizing equity while respecting sprat biomass precautionary levels would reduce potential profits of the overall Baltic fishery, but may offer an acceptable balance between overall profits, species conservation and social equity (Fig. 1C). Our case study shows a practical example of how an ecosystem-based fisheries management will be able to offer society options to solve common conflicts between different resource uses. Adding equity considerations to the traditional trade-off between economy and ecology will greatly enhance credibility and hence compliance to management decisions, a further footstep towards healthy fish stocks and sustainable fisheries in the world ocean. PMID:25268117

  12. Frizzled to finance: one PhD’s path from a Drosophila lab to Wall Street

    PubMed Central

    Taylor, Job

    2016-01-01

    An equity research analyst’s job is to determine whether the price of a stock is likely to go up or down. For science-based businesses, particularly biotechnology companies, a PhD in the life sciences can be very helpful in making this determination. I transitioned from a postdoc position to working in equity research. Here I present information on how I made the transition, an overview of the day-to-day activities of an analyst, and thoughts on how to prepare to look for a job in finance. There are significant positives to working on Wall Street, including exposure to cutting-edge clinical/translational research, access to some of the best scientists in the world, a dynamic work environment, and compensation that generally exceeds academic salaries. This comes at the cost of some independence and the satisfaction of being able to call oneself a scientist. PMID:27235096

  13. Customer-centered brand management.

    PubMed

    Rust, Roland T; Zeithaml, Valarie A; Lemon, Katherine N

    2004-09-01

    Most executives today agree that their efforts should be focused on growing the lifetime value of their customers. Yet few companies have come to terms with the implications of that idea for their marketing management. Oldsmobile, for example, enjoyed outstanding brand equity with many customers through the 1980s. But as the century wore further on, the people who loved the Olds got downright old. So why did General Motors spend so many years and so much money trying to reposition and refurbish the tired,tarnished brand? Why didn't GM managers instead move younger buyers along a path of less resistance, toward another of the brands in GM's stable--or even launch a wholly new brand geared to their tastes? Catering to new customers, even at the expense of the brand, would surely have been the path to profits. The reason, argue the authors, is that in large consumer-goods companies like General Motors, brands are the raison d'etre. They are the focus of decision making and the basis of accountability. But this overwhelming focus on growing brand equity is inconsistent with the goal of growing customer equity. Drawing on a wide range of current examples, the authors offer seven tactics that will put brands in the service of growing customer equity. These include replacing traditional brand managers with a new position--the customer segment manager; targeting brands to as narrow an audience as possible; developing the capability and the mind-set to hand off customers from one brand to another within the company; and changing the way brand equity is measured by basing calculations on individual, rather than average, customer data.

  14. You have more capital than you think.

    PubMed

    Merton, Robert C

    2005-11-01

    Senior executives typically delegate the responsibility for managing a firm's derivatives portfolio to in-house financial experts and the company's financial advisers. That's a strategic blunder, argues this Nobel laureate, because the inventiveness of modern financial markets makes it possible for companies to double or even triple their capacity to invest in their strategic assets and competencies. Risks fall into two categories: either a company adds value by assuming them on behalf of its shareholders or it does not. By hedging or insuring against non-value-adding risks with derivative securities and contracts, thereby removing them from what the author calls the risk balance sheet, managers can release equity capital for assuming more value-adding risk. This is not just a theoretical possibility. One innovation-the interest rate swap, introduced about 20 years ago-has already enabled the banking industry to dramatically increase its capacity for adding value to each dollar of invested equity capital. With the range of derivative instruments growing, there is no reason why other companies could not similarly remove strategic risks, potentially creating billions of dollars in shareholder value. The possibilities are especially important for private companies that have no access to public equity markets and therefore cannot easily increase their equity capital by issuing more shares. The author describes how derivative contracts of various kinds are already being employed strategically to mitigate or eliminate various risks. He also shows how companies can use the risk balance sheet to identify risks they should not bear directly and to determine how much equity capacity they can release for assuming more value-adding risk.

  15. Has equity in government subsidy on healthcare improved in China? Evidence from the China's National Health Services Survey.

    PubMed

    Si, Lei; Chen, Mingsheng; Palmer, Andrew J

    2017-01-10

    Monitoring the equity of government healthcare subsidies (GHS) is critical for evaluating the performance of health policy decisions. China's low-income population encounters barriers in accessing benefits from GHS. This paper focuses on the distribution of China's healthcare subsidies among different socio-economic populations and the factors that affect their equitable distribution. It examines the characteristics of equitable access to benefits in a province of northeastern China, comparing the equity performance between urban and rural areas. Benefit incidence analysis was applied to GHS data from two rounds of China's National Health Services Survey (2003 and 2008, N = 27,239) in Heilongjiang province, reflecting the information in 2002 and 2007 respectively. Concentration index (CI) was used to evaluate the absolute equity of GHSs in outpatient and inpatient healthcare services. A negative CI indicates disproportionate concentration of GHSs among the poor, while a positive CI indicates the GHS is pro-rich, a CI of zero indicates perfect equity. In addition, Kakwani index (KI) was used to evaluate the progressivity of GHSs. A positive KI denotes the GHS is regressive, while a negative value denotes the GHS is progressive. CIs for inpatient care in urban and rural residents were 0.2036 and 0.4497 respectively in 2002, and those in 2007 were 0.4433 and 0.5375. Likewise, CIs for outpatient care are positive in both regions in 2002 and 2007, indicating that both inpatient and outpatient GHSs were pro-rich in both survey periods irrespective of region. In addition, KIs for inpatient services were -0.3769 (urban) and 0.0576 (rural) in 2002 and those in 2007 were 0.0280 and 0.1868. KIs for outpatient service were -0.4278 (urban) and -0.1257 (rural) in 2002, those in 2007 were -0.2572 and -0.1501, indicating that equity was improved in GHS in outpatient care in both regions but not in inpatient services. The benefit distribution of government healthcare subsidies has been strongly influenced by China's health insurance schemes. Their compensation policies and benefit packages need reform to improve the benefit equity between outpatient and inpatient care both in urban and rural areas.

  16. How Have States Used Executive Orders to Address Public Health?

    PubMed

    Gakh, Maxim; Callahan, Karen; Goodie, Aaliyah; Rutkow, Lainie

    2018-06-07

    Gubernatorial executive orders (GEOs) are important, yet poorly understood, public health tools. We analyzed health-related GEOs nationwide using a modified legal mapping approach. We searched Westlaw's Netscan Executive Orders database for orders issued between 2008 and 2014. Search terms were generated from the Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicators (LHIs). GEOs were screened with data abstracted and analyzed on the basis of LHIs, states, years, and characteristics identified in previous literature. We found differences in GEOs issued per LHI. Of the 303 unique orders, they ranged from 32 to 53 issued per year and 0 to 45 issued per state. Most GEOs managed governmental public health functions, required collaboration, and mandated studying problems. Fewer directly addressed health equity, chronic disease, and resource deployment. Gubernatorial authority and political and institutional factors appear relevant to GEO issuance. GEOs offer means to institute public health policies and should be considered by public health professionals.

  17. Cognitive rehabilitation for executive dysfunction in adults with stroke or other adult non-progressive acquired brain damage.

    PubMed

    Chung, Charlie S Y; Pollock, Alex; Campbell, Tanya; Durward, Brian R; Hagen, Suzanne

    2013-04-30

    Executive functions are the controlling mechanisms of the brain and include the processes of planning, initiation, organisation, inhibition, problem solving, self monitoring and error correction. They are essential for goal-oriented behaviour and responding to new and novel situations. A high number of people with acquired brain injury, including around 75% of stroke survivors, will experience executive dysfunction. Executive dysfunction reduces capacity to regain independence in activities of daily living (ADL), particularly when alternative movement strategies are necessary to compensate for limb weakness. Improving executive function may lead to increased independence with ADL. There are various cognitive rehabilitation strategies for training executive function used within clinical practice and it is necessary to determine the effectiveness of these interventions. To determine the effects of cognitive rehabilitation on executive dysfunction for adults with stroke or other non-progressive acquired brain injuries. We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (August 2012), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library, August 2012), MEDLINE (1950 to August 2012), EMBASE (1980 to August 2012), CINAHL (1982 to August 2012), PsycINFO (1806 to August 2012), AMED (1985 to August 2012) and 11 additional databases. We also searched reference lists and trials registers, handsearched journals and conference proceedings, and contacted experts. We included randomised trials in adults after non-progressive acquired brain injury, where the intervention was specifically targeted at improving cognition including separable executive function data (restorative interventions), where the intervention was aimed at training participants in methods to compensate for lost executive function (compensative interventions) or where the intervention involved the training in the use of an adaptive technique for improving independence with ADL (adaptive interventions). The primary outcome was global executive function and the secondary outcomes were specific components of executive function, working memory, ADL, extended ADL, quality of life and participation in vocational activities. We included studies in which the comparison intervention was no treatment, a placebo intervention (i.e. a rehabilitation intervention that should not impact on executive function), standard care or another cognitive rehabilitation intervention. Two review authors independently screened abstracts, extracted data and appraised trials. We undertook an assessment of methodological quality for allocation concealment, blinding of outcome assessors, method of dealing with missing data and other potential sources of bias. Nineteen studies (907 participants) met the inclusion criteria for this review. We included 13 studies (770 participants) in meta-analyses (417 traumatic brain injury, 304 stroke, 49 other acquired brain injury) reducing to 660 participants once non-included intervention groups were removed from three and four group studies. We were unable to obtain data from the remaining six studies. Three studies (134 participants) compared cognitive rehabilitation with sensorimotor therapy. None reported our primary outcome; data from one study was available relating to secondary outcomes including concept formation and ADL. Six studies (333 participants) compared cognitive rehabilitation with no treatment or placebo. None reported our primary outcome; data from four studies demonstrated no statistically significant effect of cognitive rehabilitation on secondary outcomes. Ten studies (448 participants) compared two different cognitive rehabilitation approaches. Two studies (82 participants) reported the primary outcome; no statistically significant effect was found. Data from eight studies demonstrated no statistically significant effect on the secondary outcomes. We explored the effect of restorative interventions (10 studies, 468 participants) and compensative interventions (four studies, 128 participants) and found no statistically significant effect compared with other interventions. We identified insufficient high-quality evidence to reach any generalised conclusions about the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on executive function, or other secondary outcome measures. Further high-quality research comparing cognitive rehabilitation with no intervention, placebo or sensorimotor interventions is recommended.

  18. 31 CFR 30.16 - Q-16: What is the Office of the Special Master for TARP Executive Compensation, and what are its...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Q-16: What is the Office of the....16 Section 30.16 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury TARP STANDARDS FOR COMPENSATION AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE § 30.16 Q-16: What is the Office of the Special Master for...

  19. Installation Restoration Program. Phase 1: Records Search, Sheppard AFB, Texas

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-02-01

    Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CIERA) of 1980, by Executive Order 12316, and 40 Ci 300 Subpart F (National Contingency Plan). CCLA...hensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CURCLA). A potentially hazardous waste is one which is suspected of being...site for agricultural purposes to prevent food chain contamination. Silvicultural use Restrict the use of the site for silvi- cultural uses (root

  20. Family physician clinical compensation in an academic environment: moving away from the relative value unit

    PubMed Central

    Lochner, Jennifer; Trowbridge, Elizabeth; Kamnetz, Sandra; Pandhi, Nancy

    2016-01-01

    Background and Objectives Primary care physician compensation structures have remained largely volume-based, lagging behind changes in reimbursement that increasingly include population approaches such as capitation, bundled payments, and care management fees. We describe a population health-based physician compensation plan developed for two departmental family medicine faculty groups (residency teaching clinic faculty and community clinic faculty) along with outcomes before and after the plan’s implementation. Methods An observational study was conducted. A pre-post email survey assessed satisfaction with the plan, salary, and salary equity. Physician retention, panel size, and relative value unit (RVU) productivity metrics also were assessed before and after the plan’s implementation. Results Before implementation of the new plan, 18% of residency faculty and 33% of community faculty were satisfied or very satisfied with compensation structure. After implementation, those numbers rose to 47% for residency physicians and 74% for community physicians (p<0.01). Satisfaction with the amount of compensation also rose from 33% to 68% for residency faculty and from 26% to 87% for community faculty (p<0.01). For both groups, panel size per clinical full-time equivalent increased and RVUs moved closer to national benchmarks. RVUs decreased for residency faculty and increased for community faculty. Conclusions Aligning a compensation plan with population health delivery by moving rewards away from RVU productivity and towards panel management resulted in improved physician satisfaction and retention, as well as larger panel sizes. RVU changes were less predictable. Physician compensation is an important component of care model redesign that emphasizes population health. PMID:27272423

  1. Using Organizational Philosophy to Create a Self-Sustaining Compensation Plan Without Harming Academic Missions.

    PubMed

    Leverence, Robert; Nuttall, Richard; Palmer, Rachel; Segal, Mark; Wood, Alicia; Yancey, Fay; Shuster, Jonathon; Brantly, Mark; Hromas, Robert

    2017-08-01

    Academic physician reimbursement has moved to productivity-based compensation plans. To be sustainable, such plans must be self-funding. Additionally, unless research and education are appropriately valued, faculty involved in these efforts will become disillusioned, yet revenue generation in these activities is less robust than for clinical care activities. Faculty at the Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health, elected a committee of junior and senior faculty and division chiefs to restructure the compensation plan in fiscal year (FY) 2011. This committee was charged with designing a new compensation plan based on seven principles of organizational philosophy: equity, compensation coupled to productivity, authority aligned with responsibility, respect for all academic missions, transparency, professionalism, and self-funding in each academic mission. The new compensation plan was implemented in FY2013. A survey administered at the end of FY2015 showed that 61% (76/125) of faculty were more satisfied with this plan than the previous plan. Since the year before implementation, clinical relative value units per faculty increased 7% (from 3,458 in FY2012 to 3,704 in FY2015, P < .002), incentives paid per faculty increased 250% (from $3,191 in FY2012 to $11,153 in FY2015, P ≤ .001), and publications per faculty increased 15% (from 2.6 in FY2012 to 3.0 in FY2015, P < .001). Grant submissions, external funding, and teaching hours also increased per faculty but did not reach statistical significance. An important next step will be to incorporate quality metrics into the compensation plan, without affecting costs or throughput.

  2. Beyond incentives for involvement to compensation for consultants: increasing equity in CBPR approaches.

    PubMed

    Black, Kristin Z; Hardy, Christina Yongue; De Marco, Molly; Ammerman, Alice S; Corbie-Smith, Giselle; Council, Barbara; Ellis, Danny; Eng, Eugenia; Harris, Barbara; Jackson, Melvin; Jean-Baptiste, Jimmy; Kearney, William; Legerton, Mac; Parker, Donald; Wynn, Mysha; Lightfoot, Alexandra

    2013-01-01

    Community-based participatory research (CBPR) strives for equitable collaboration among community and academic partners throughout the research process. To build the capacity of academia to function as effective research partners with communities, the North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (NC TraCS), home of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH)'s Clinical and Translational Sciences Award (CTSA), developed a community engagement consulting model. This new model harnesses the expertise of community partners with CBPR experience and compensates them equitably to provide technical assistance to community-academic research partnerships. This paper describes approaches to valuing community expertise, the importance of equitable compensation for community partners, the impact on the community partners, opportunities for institutional change, and the constraints faced in model implementation. Community Experts (CEs) are independent contractor consultants. CEs were interviewed to evaluate their satisfaction with their engagement and compensation for their work. (1) CEs have knowledge, power, and credibility to push for systems change. (2) Changes were needed within the university to facilitate successful consultation to community-academic partnerships. (3) Sustaining the CE role requires staff support, continued compensation, increased opportunities for engagement, and careful consideration of position demands. (4) The role provides benefits beyond financial compensation. (5) Opportunities to gather deepened relationships within the partnership and built collective knowledge that strengthened the project. Leveraging CE expertise and compensating them for their role benefits both university and community. Creating a place for community expertise within academia is an important step toward equitably including the community in research.

  3. Advanced Transport Delay Compensation Algorithms: Results of Delay Measurement and Piloted Performance Tests

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Guo, Liwen; Cardullo, Frank M.; Kelly, Lon C.

    2007-01-01

    This report summarizes the results of delay measurement and piloted performance tests that were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the adaptive compensator and the state space compensator for alleviating the phase distortion of transport delay in the visual system in the VMS at the NASA Langley Research Center. Piloted simulation tests were conducted to assess the effectiveness of two novel compensators in comparison to the McFarland predictor and the baseline system with no compensation. Thirteen pilots with heterogeneous flight experience executed straight-in and offset approaches, at various delay configurations, on a flight simulator where different predictors were applied to compensate for transport delay. The glideslope and touchdown errors, power spectral density of the pilot control inputs, NASA Task Load Index, and Cooper-Harper rating of the handling qualities were employed for the analyses. The overall analyses show that the adaptive predictor results in slightly poorer compensation for short added delay (up to 48 ms) and better compensation for long added delay (up to 192 ms) than the McFarland compensator. The analyses also show that the state space predictor is fairly superior for short delay and significantly superior for long delay than the McFarland compensator.

  4. CEO performance appraisal: review and recommendations.

    PubMed

    Newman, J F; Tyler, L; Dunbar, D M

    2001-01-01

    CEO performance appraisal (PA) is very valuable to an organization, but the chances of obtaining a PA of high quality decrease as executive responsibility increases. The realities of CEO PA are that it: (1) is inevitable; (2) is creative and complex; (3) involves politics; and (4) has a significant effect on the organization and the executive. PA is conducted for legal and social requirements, to enhance communication, to provide opportunities for improvement, and to relate performance to compensation. This article discusses several problems with chief executive officer (CEO) PA and the contemporary approaches that seek to improve it. Three fundamental areas for evaluation are identified: (1) organizational success; (2) areawide health status; and (3) professional role fulfillment. These provide an outline for successful healthcare PA. In addition to a discussion of the strategic considerations behind a successful CEO PA system, several recommendations are offered for the implementation of the annual evaluation process. The final goal of CEO PA is to link its results to CEO incentive compensation. It is strongly recommended that some portion of the CEO's salary directly hinge on his performance in two critical areas: organizational effectiveness and community health status.

  5. Payday for payers. Compensation of the top execs at investor-owned insurers outpaced that of the leaders at hospitals and specialty care.

    PubMed

    Kutscher, Beth; Barr, Paul; Zigmond, Jessica

    2012-08-13

    Top executives at investor-owned hospital chains saw their compensation packages take a hit last year, amid the debt-ceiling crisis and concerns over how it might affect Medicare. Wayne Smith at Community Health Systems led the pack in that sector, with a $21 million payday, while Trevor Fetter, left, of Tenet, came in a distant second with $10.7 million.

  6. You're Overworked, Underpaid but Reasonably Happy Anyway.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Heller, Robert W.; And Others

    1989-01-01

    Summarizes demographic data from the 1989 survey of school executives on the sex, race, age, compensation, years in current position, working hours, and career plans of responding superintendents and principals. (MLF)

  7. 12 CFR 563.555 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... financial viability of the savings association, unless otherwise informed in writing by the OTS; or (4) A... compensation): president, chief executive officer, chief operating officer, chief financial officer, chief...

  8. 76 FR 594 - Board of Governors; Sunshine Act Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-05

    ... Hotel, 111 East Ocean Boulevard. STATUS: (Closed). MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Monday, January 10, at 4 p... Compensation Issues. 5. Governors' Executive Session--Discussion of prior agenda items and Board Governance...

  9. 48 CFR 1252.217-76 - Liability and insurance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... required by the Contracting Officer, the Contractor shall execute a formal assignment or transfer of the... of and shall not affect the pricing structure of the contract, and are additional to the compensation...

  10. Equitable fund allocation, an economical approach for sustainable waste load allocation.

    PubMed

    Ashtiani, Elham Feizi; Niksokhan, Mohammad Hossein; Jamshidi, Shervin

    2015-08-01

    This research aims to study a novel approach for waste load allocation (WLA) to meet environmental, economical, and equity objectives, simultaneously. For this purpose, based on a simulation-optimization model developed for Haraz River in north of Iran, the waste loads are allocated according to discharge permit market. The non-dominated solutions are initially achieved through multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO). Here, the violation of environmental standards based on dissolved oxygen (DO) versus biochemical oxidation demand (BOD) removal costs is minimized to find economical total maximum daily loads (TMDLs). This can save 41% in total abatement costs in comparison with the conventional command and control policy. The BOD discharge permit market then increases the revenues to 45%. This framework ensures that the environmental limits are fulfilled but the inequity index is rather high (about 4.65). For instance, the discharge permit buyer may not be satisfied about the equity of WLA. Consequently, it is recommended that a third party or institution should be in charge of reallocating the funds. It means that the polluters which gain benefits by unfair discharges should pay taxes (or funds) to compensate the losses of other polluters. This intends to reduce the costs below the required values of the lowest inequity index condition. These compensations of equitable fund allocation (EFA) may help to reduce the dissatisfactions and develop WLA policies. It is concluded that EFA in integration with water quality trading (WQT) is a promising approach to meet the objectives.

  11. Development Activities Locator and Assessment Method (DALAM)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-11-01

    click tab for “leading health indicators.” - Center for Disease Control : o http://www.cdc.gov and choose from “health and safety topics” on the home...to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE...losers” if the project is executed? Who are they? Why? Can they be co-opted or compensated ? - Does the project compensate beneficiaries for an

  12. 48 CFR 52.204-10 - Reporting Executive Compensation and First-Tier Subcontract Awards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... appreciation rights. Use the dollar amount recognized for financial statement reporting purposes with respect to the fiscal year in accordance with the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123...

  13. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lamorgese, Lydia, E-mail: lydial@tin.it; Geneletti, Davide, E-mail: davide.geneletti@unitn.it

    This paper presents a framework for analysing the degree of consideration of sustainability principles in Strategic environmental assessment (SEA), and demonstrates its application to a sample of SEA of Italian urban plans. The framework is based on Gibson's (2006) sustainability principles, which are linked to a number of guidance criteria and eventually to review questions, resulting from an extensive literature review. A total of 71 questions are included in the framework, which gives particular emphasis to key concepts, such as intragenerational and intergenerational equity. The framework was applied to review the Environmental Report of the urban plans of 15 majormore » Italian cities. The results of this review show that, even if sustainability is commonly considered as a pivotal concept, there is still work to be done in order to effectively integrate sustainability principles into SEA. In particular, most of the attention is given to mitigation and compensation measures, rather than to actual attempts to propose more sustainable planning decisions in the first place. Concerning the proposed framework of analysis, further research is required to clarify equity concerns and particularly to identify suitable indicators for operationalizing the concepts of intra/inter-generational equity in decision-making. -- Highlights: ► A framework was developed in order to evaluate planning against sustainability criteria. ► The framework was applied to analyse how sustainable principles are addressed in 15 Italian SEA reports. ► Over 85% of the reports addressed, to some extent, at least 40% of the framework questions. ► Criteria explicitly linked to intra and inter-generational equity are rarely addressed.« less

  14. Section 1603 Treasury Grant Expiration. Industry Insight on Financing and Market Implications

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mendelsohn, Michael; Harper, John

    In the wake of the 2008-2009 financial crises, tax equity investors largely withdrew from the market, resulting in stagnation of project development. In response, Congress established the Treasury grant program pursuant to Section 1603 of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (Section 1603 Program) to offer a cash payment in lieu of a production and investment tax credit. This study addresses the likely project financing and market impacts from the expiration of the Section 1603 Program. The authors assembled an array of insights offered by financial executives active in the renewable energy (RE) market during conference panel discussions and inmore » presentations, direct interviews, and email correspondences. This analysis found that the Section 1603 Program alleviated the need to monetize the tax credit incentives through specialized investors, helped lower the transaction and financing costs associated with renewable electricity projects, and generally supported an extensive build-out of renewable power generation capacity. With the expiration of the Section 1603 Program, smaller or less-established renewable power developers will have more difficulty attracting needed financial capital and completing their projects, development of projects relying on newer or 'innovative' technologies will likely slow as traditional tax equity investors are known to be highly averse to technology risk in the projects they fund, and, finally, projects relying on tax equity may be more expensive to develop due to higher transaction costs and potentially higher yields required to attract tax equity.« less

  15. Section 1603 Treasury Grant Expiration: Industry Insight on Financing and Market Implications

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mendelsohn, M.; Harper, J.

    In the wake of the 2008-2009 financial crises, tax equity investors largely withdrew from the market, resulting in stagnation of project development. In response, Congress established the Treasury grant program pursuant to Section 1603 of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (..Section..1603 Program) to offer a cash payment in lieu of a production and investment tax credit. This study addresses the likely project financing and market impacts from the expiration of the ..Section..1603 Program. The authors assembled an array of insights offered by financial executives active in the renewable energy (RE) market during conference panel discussions and in presentations, directmore » interviews, and email correspondences. This analysis found that the ..Section..1603 Program alleviated the need to monetize the tax credit incentives through specialized investors, helped lower the transaction and financing costs associated with renewable electricity projects, and generally supported an extensive build-out of renewable power generation capacity. With the expiration of the ..Section..1603 Program, smaller or less-established renewable power developers will have more difficulty attracting needed financial capital and completing their projects, development of projects relying on newer or 'innovative' technologies will likely slow as traditional tax equity investors are known to be highly averse to technology risk in the projects they fund, and, finally, projects relying on tax equity may be more expensive to develop due to higher transaction costs and potentially higher yields required to attract tax equity.« less

  16. A Question of Equity: Women and the Glass Ceiling in the Federal Government. A Special Study. A Report to the President and the Congress of the United States.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Merit Systems Protection Board, Washington, DC.

    An investigation of the process for career progression in the federal white-collar work force examined the nature and extent of any barriers women may confront in that process. It included data from three sources: U.S. Office of Personnel Management's Central Personnel Data File; 19 focus groups with 144 senior level and senior executive men and…

  17. The plight of the not-for-profit.

    PubMed

    Owens, Bramer

    2005-01-01

    Recent controversies in the hospital sector have questioned whether the levels of charity care, community benefit, and executive compensation provided by not-for-profit hospitals are consistent with mandates of their tax-exempt status and mission statements. This article demonstrates that these recent controversies stem from a combination of historical influences, regulatory inequities, and competitive disadvantages, which are suffocating many not-for-profit hospitals across the nation. Once the current environment is described, the article discusses each threat and offers actionable recommendations to quell current attacks faced by the industry. First, to address the current probe by the Internal Revenue Service, hospitals must begin to link their executive compensation with their organizational mission. Second, to address recent lawsuits, the article presents a standardized definition of community benefit and recommends an alternative model to classify charity care. Finally, to address recent congressional hearings, the article offers a plan for hospitals to gauge their expected benefit to the community they serve.

  18. The ideal physician entrepreneur.

    PubMed

    Bottles, K

    2000-01-01

    How does the sometimes elusive and high-stakes world of venture capital really work? How can physician executives with innovative ideas or new technologies approach venture capitalists to help them raise capital to form a start-up company? These important questions are explored in this new column on the physician as entrepreneur. The ideal physician executive is described as: (1) an expert in an area that Wall Street perceives as hot; (2) a public speaker who can enthusiastically communicate scientific and business plans to a variety of audiences; (3) a team leader who is willing to share equity in the company with other employees; (4) a recruiter and a motivator; (5) an implementer who can achieve milestones quickly that allow the company to go public as soon as possible; and (6) a realist who does not resent the terms of the typical deal. The lucrative world of the venture capitalists is foreign territory for physician executives and requires a great idea, charisma, risk-taking, connections, patience, and perseverance to navigate it successfully.

  19. Compensation to Presidents, Senior Executives, and Technical Staff at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1995-05-01

    principally surveys from Wyatt Data Services and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce ) to evaluate the reasonableness of compensation. The Wyatt surveys provided...better matches to similar industries, but the sample sizes often were too small to ensure stability in the data. Both the Wyatt survey and Chamber of Commerce survey...came from the U.S Chamber of Commerce Employee Benefits survey and included both defined benefit and 25 (P) Data removed for proprietary reasons

  20. 48 CFR 52.204-10 - Reporting Executive Compensation and First-Tier Subcontract Awards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... (TAS) as reported in FPDS. (xiv) The applicable North American Industry Classification System code... filings at http://www.sec.gov/answers/execomp.htm.) (e) The Contractor shall not split or break down first...

  1. Above the glass ceiling? A comparison of matched samples of female and male executives.

    PubMed

    Lyness, K S; Thompson, D E

    1997-06-01

    In this study the authors compare career and work experiences of executive women and men. Female (n = 51) and male (n = 56) financial services executives in comparable jobs were studied through archival information on organizational outcomes and career histories, and survey measures of work experiences. Similarities were found in several organizational outcomes, such as compensation, and many work attitudes. Important differences were found, however, with women having less authority, receiving fewer stock options, and having less international mobility than men. Women at the highest executive levels reported more obstacles than lower level women. The gender differences coupled with women's lower satisfaction with future career opportunities raise questions about whether women are truly above the glass ceiling or have come up against a 2nd, higher ceiling.

  2. Rhode Island's got the Blues. But the state's Blues plan isn't the only one drawing fire over its reserves, executive perks and compensation.

    PubMed

    Benko, Laura B

    2004-05-17

    It's been a strained few months at Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Rhode Island. Outrage over corporate excess led to a flurry of reforms at the insurer, headed by Chairman Frank Montanaro, left, including banning loans to employees and dropping lavish perks. Other Blues have been catching flak for their burgeoning bottom lines, but executives say they need ample reserves since that's their only capital.

  3. Respiratory motion compensation algorithm of ultrasound hepatic perfusion data acquired in free-breathing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Kaizhi; Zhang, Xuming; Chen, Guangxie; Weng, Fei; Ding, Mingyue

    2013-10-01

    Images acquired in free breathing using contrast enhanced ultrasound exhibit a periodic motion that needs to be compensated for if a further accurate quantification of the hepatic perfusion analysis is to be executed. In this work, we present an algorithm to compensate the respiratory motion by effectively combining the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) method and block matching method. The respiratory kinetics of the ultrasound hepatic perfusion image sequences was firstly extracted using the PCA method. Then, the optimal phase of the obtained respiratory kinetics was detected after normalizing the motion amplitude and determining the image subsequences of the original image sequences. The image subsequences were registered by the block matching method using cross-correlation as the similarity. Finally, the motion-compensated contrast images can be acquired by using the position mapping and the algorithm was evaluated by comparing the TICs extracted from the original image sequences and compensated image subsequences. Quantitative comparisons demonstrated that the average fitting error estimated of ROIs (region of interest) was reduced from 10.9278 +/- 6.2756 to 5.1644 +/- 3.3431 after compensating.

  4. Social equity and environmental risk

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zimmerman, R.

    1993-12-01

    Social equity has become an important concern of the environmental movement over the past decade. The equity issue is analyzed here for practically all of the inactive hazardous waste disposal sites on the National Priorities List (NPL) regulated under the Comprehensive Response Compensation and Liability Act and its 1986 Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (CERCLA/SARA). Two dimensions of equity are emphasized, namely, site location relative to the location of minority population and the distribution of cleanup plans or Records of Decision (ROD) across communities with NPL sites that have different socioeconomic characteristics. With respect to site location, the percentage ofmore » Blacks and Hispanics aggregated at the Census Place or MCD level in communities with NPL sites was greater than is typical nationwide (largely attributable to the concentration of minority populations in a few large urban areas with NPL sites). The percentage of the population below the poverty line in communities with NPL sites largely matched that of the nation as a whole. With respect to site cleanup, communities with relatively higher percentages of racial minority population have fewer cleanup plans than other communities with NPL site. Whether a ROD exists is influenced by when the site was designated for the NPL: sites designated earlier are more likely to have RODs and less likely to have high proportions of racial minority populations than sites designated later. This implies that initially the designation process may have resulted in NPL sites being located disproportionately in minority areas, but this pattern seems to be reversing itself in more recently designated sites. Racial and ethnic disproportionalities with respect to inactive hazardous waste site location seem to be concentrated in a relatively few areas. 35 refs., 12 tabs.« less

  5. Eco-compensation in China: Theory, practices and suggestions for the future.

    PubMed

    Shang, Wenxiu; Gong, Yicheng; Wang, Zhongjing; Stewardson, Michael J

    2018-03-15

    Eco-compensation is the most important form of compensatory conservation in China. However, this compensatory mechanism is criticized for vague definition and massive government participation. For better understanding of eco-compensation in China, this paper compares theories and practices of compensatory mechanisms in China and abroad. The analysis of theoretical backgrounds shows that eco-compensation in China is a combination of 'ecological compensation' and 'payments for ecosystem services'. Ten compensatory projects in China and abroad are assessed to reveal characteristics and problems of eco-compensation in China. The results show that compensatory projects in China lagged behind mature foreign compensatory projects in clarity of property rights, responsibility fulfillment, executive efficiency, effectiveness, sustainability and equality. The massive participation of the government is the major reason for the poor performance of compensatory projects in China. However, government participation is necessary at the present stage in China for the income gap and beneficiaries' low willingness to pay. For the improvement of eco-compensation in China, suggestions are given on the choice of non-market valuation methods, the creation of property rights and the establishment of market mechanisms. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. The Power To Perform.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Education Next, 2003

    2003-01-01

    Argues that attracting nontraditional leaders to school administration requires the adoption of results-based practices tying compensation to performance. Includes profiles of two nontraditional leaders: Jennifer Henry, executive director of the Academy for Urban School Leadership in Chicago and Paula Dawning, superintendent of the Benton Harbor…

  7. 33 CFR 138.150 - Service of process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR WATER POLLUTION (VESSELS) AND OPA 90 LIMITS OF LIABILITY (VESSELS AND DEEPWATER PORTS) Financial Responsibility for Water Pollution (Vessels) § 138.150 Service of process. (a) When executing the forms required by this subpart...

  8. 33 CFR 138.150 - Service of process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR WATER POLLUTION (VESSELS) AND OPA 90 LIMITS OF LIABILITY (VESSELS AND DEEPWATER PORTS) Financial Responsibility for Water Pollution (Vessels) § 138.150 Service of process. (a) When executing the forms required by this subpart...

  9. 33 CFR 138.150 - Service of process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR WATER POLLUTION (VESSELS) AND OPA 90 LIMITS OF LIABILITY (VESSELS AND DEEPWATER PORTS) Financial Responsibility for Water Pollution (Vessels) § 138.150 Service of process. (a) When executing the forms required by this subpart...

  10. 33 CFR 138.150 - Service of process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR WATER POLLUTION (VESSELS) AND OPA 90 LIMITS OF LIABILITY (VESSELS AND DEEPWATER PORTS) Financial Responsibility for Water Pollution (Vessels) § 138.150 Service of process. (a) When executing the forms required by this subpart...

  11. 49 CFR 236.903 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... electrical, mechanical, hardware, or software) that is part of a system or subsystem. Configuration..., including the hardware components and software version, is documented and maintained through the life-cycle... or compensates individuals to perform the duties specified in § 236.921 (a). Executive software means...

  12. 49 CFR 236.903 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... electrical, mechanical, hardware, or software) that is part of a system or subsystem. Configuration..., including the hardware components and software version, is documented and maintained through the life-cycle... or compensates individuals to perform the duties specified in § 236.921 (a). Executive software means...

  13. 49 CFR 236.903 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... electrical, mechanical, hardware, or software) that is part of a system or subsystem. Configuration..., including the hardware components and software version, is documented and maintained through the life-cycle... or compensates individuals to perform the duties specified in § 236.921 (a). Executive software means...

  14. 49 CFR 236.903 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... electrical, mechanical, hardware, or software) that is part of a system or subsystem. Configuration..., including the hardware components and software version, is documented and maintained through the life-cycle... or compensates individuals to perform the duties specified in § 236.921 (a). Executive software means...

  15. 78 FR 38539 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Applicability of the Senior Executive Compensation Benchmark

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-26

    ... 808 breached contracts awarded before the statutory date of enactment (General Dynamics Corp. v. U.S... 51 U.S.C. 20115. PART 31--CONTRACT COST PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES 0 2. Amend section 31.205-6 by-- 0... 38539

  16. Human Resource Managers Rank Their Pressure Points.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Herring, Jack

    1983-01-01

    A survey of 700 top-level human resource executives that elicited 309 responses revealed the highest priority ranking of 24 human resource issues to be: productivity improvement, controlling costs of employee benefits, compensation planning and administration, employee communications, upgrading management training development programs,…

  17. The Peat Marwick/AS&U Compensation Survey for School Executives.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    American School and University, 1986

    1986-01-01

    A total of 396 districts responded from all 50 states and the District of Columbia to this survey about administrative positions, with full-time teachers as a comparison point, in the areas of base salaries, bonuses, benefits, and perquisites. (MLF)

  18. In-Orbit Performance of the MWRI Scanning Mechanisms

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schmid, Manfred; Jun, Miao; Shuang, Yu

    2014-01-01

    Scanning Equipment supporting the Millimeter Wave Radiometer Instrument (MWRI) are flying in a sunsynchronized orbit of 850-km altitude with an inclination of 98.8 deg on the FY-3 meteorological satellite (FY = Feng Yun, Wind and Cloud). MWRI is a linearly polarized, ten-channel passive Radiometer; it measures precipitation and water clouds, sea ice, snow/water equivalent, drought and flood index, land temperature and soil moisture. Following the FY3-A, the FY3-B Satellite was launched in autumn 2010. Since that time, the Scanning Equipment was continuously operated. During the last three and a half years in orbit, the Scanning Mechanism has executed about 65 million revolutions, while the Scan Compensation Mechanism (SCM) - used for momentum compensation - has already successfully executed more than one billion revolutions. During the commissioning phase of the instrument and during the first operation phase, random torque spikes, which manifested themselves as a motor current increase, were observed in the Scan Drive Mechanism, whereas the Scan Compensation drive operated nominally from the beginning. The result of the root cause investigations performed in order to isolate the issue, and the consequences for the follow-on MWRI equipment which was successfully launched by end of September 2013 (now flying on the FY 3-C Spacecraft), are discussed.

  19. Good social skills despite poor theory of mind: exploring compensation in autism spectrum disorder.

    PubMed

    Livingston, Lucy Anne; Colvert, Emma; Bolton, Patrick; Happé, Francesca

    2018-03-26

    It is proposed that some individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can 'compensate' for their underlying difficulties (e.g. in theory of mind; ToM), thus demonstrating relatively few behavioural symptoms, despite continued core cognitive deficits. The mechanisms underpinning compensation are largely unexplored, as is its potential impact on mental health. This study aimed to estimate compensation patterns in ASD, by contrasting overt social behaviour with ToM task performance, in order to compare the characteristics of 'Low' and 'High' Compensators. A total of 136 autistic adolescents, from the ongoing Social Relationships Study, completed a range of cognitive tasks, the Autistic Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and a self-report anxiety questionnaire. Participants were assigned compensation group status; High Compensators demonstrated good ADOS scores despite poor ToM performance, while Low Compensators demonstrated similarly poor ToM, accompanied by poor ADOS scores. High Compensators demonstrated better IQ and executive function (EF), but greater self-reported anxiety, compared with Low Compensators. Such differences were not found when comparing individuals who had good versus poor ADOS scores, when ToM performance was good. Other core autistic characteristics (weak central coherence, nonsocial symptoms) did not differentiate the High and Low Compensators. IQ, EF and anxiety appear to be implicated in the processes by which certain autistic young people can compensate for their underlying ToM difficulties. This tendency to compensate does not appear to reflect the severity of 'hit' for ASD per se, suggesting that well-compensated individuals are not experiencing a milder form of ASD. The construct of compensation in ASD has implications for research and clinical practice. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.

  20. Climbing the corporate ladder: do female and male executives follow the same route?

    PubMed

    Lyness, K S; Thompson, D E

    2000-02-01

    This study compares the careers of matched samples of 69 female executives and 69 male executives by examining perceived barriers and facilitators of advancement, self-reported developmental experiences, and career histories. Consistent with tokenism theory, women reported greater barriers, such as lack of culture fit and being excluded from informal networks, and greater importance of having a good track record and developing relationships to facilitate advancement than did men. Career success, measured by organizational level and compensation, was positively related to breadth of experience and developmental assignments for both genders, but successful women were less likely than successful men to report that mentoring facilitated their advancement. Developmental experiences and career histories were similar for female and male executives, but men had more overseas assignments and women had more assignments with nonauthority relationships.

  1. A prospective functional MRI study for executive function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus without neuropsychiatric symptoms.

    PubMed

    Mak, Anselm; Ren, Tao; Fu, Erin Hui-yun; Cheak, Alicia Ai-cia; Ho, Roger Chun-man

    2012-06-01

    To study the functional brain activation signals before and after sufficient disease control in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without clinical neuropsychiatric symptoms. Blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals during event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging brain were recorded, while 14 new-onset SLE patients and 14 demographically and intelligence quotient matched healthy controls performed the computer-based Wisconsin card sorting test for assessing executive function, which probes strategic planning and goal-directed task performance during feedback evaluation (FE) and response selection (RS), respectively. Composite beta maps were constructed by a general linear model to identify regions of cortical activation. Blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging signals were compared between (1) new-onset SLE patients and healthy controls and (2) SLE patients before and after sufficient control of their disease activity. During RS, SLE patients demonstrated significantly higher activation than healthy controls in both caudate bodies and Brodmann area (BA) 9 to enhance event anticipation, attention, and working memory, respectively, to compensate for the reduced activation during FE in BA6, 13, 24, and 32, which serve complex motor planning and decision-making, sensory integration, error detection, and conflict processing, respectively. Despite significant reduction of SLE activity, BA32 was activated during RS to compensate for reduced activation during FE in BA6, 9, 37, and 23/32, which serve motor planning, response inhibition and attention, color processing and word recognition, error detection, and conflict evaluation, respectively. Even without clinically overt neuropsychiatric symptoms, SLE patients recruited additional pathways to execute goal-directed tasks to compensate for their reduced strategic planning skill despite clinically sufficient disease control. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. Executive Function Capacities, Negative Driving Behavior and Crashes in Young Drivers

    PubMed Central

    Winston, Flaura K.

    2017-01-01

    Motor vehicle crashes remain a leading cause of injury and death in adolescents, with teen drivers three times more likely to be in a fatal crash when compared to adults. One potential contributing risk factor is the ongoing development of executive functioning with maturation of the frontal lobe through adolescence and into early adulthood. Atypical development resulting in poor or impaired executive functioning (as in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) has been associated with risky driving and crash outcomes. However, executive function broadly encompasses a number of capacities and domains (e.g., working memory, inhibition, set-shifting). In this review, we examine the role of various executive function sub-processes in adolescent driver behavior and crash rates. We summarize the state of methods for measuring executive control and driving outcomes and highlight the great heterogeneity in tools with seemingly contradictory findings. Lastly, we offer some suggestions for improved methods and practical ways to compensate for the effects of poor executive function (such as in-vehicle assisted driving devices). Given the key role that executive function plays in safe driving, this review points to an urgent need for systematic research to inform development of more effective training and interventions for safe driving among adolescents. PMID:29143762

  3. Health co-benefits from air pollution and mitigation costs of the Paris Agreement: a modelling study

    DOE PAGES

    Markandya, Anil; Sampedro, Jon; Smith, Steven J.; ...

    2018-03-02

    While the co-benefits from addressing both climate change and air pollution related problems have been clearly recognized, there is not much evidence comparing the mitigation costs and economic benefits of air pollution reduction for alternative scenarios to reduce greenhouse gases. This study analyses the extent to which the health co-benefits would compensate the mitigation cost of achieving the targets of Paris Agreement (2ºC and 1·5ºC) under different scenarios where the emissions abatement effort is shared between countries according to three established equity criteria.

  4. Health co-benefits from air pollution and mitigation costs of the Paris Agreement: a modelling study

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Markandya, Anil; Sampedro, Jon; Smith, Steven J.

    While the co-benefits from addressing both climate change and air pollution related problems have been clearly recognized, there is not much evidence comparing the mitigation costs and economic benefits of air pollution reduction for alternative scenarios to reduce greenhouse gases. This study analyses the extent to which the health co-benefits would compensate the mitigation cost of achieving the targets of Paris Agreement (2ºC and 1·5ºC) under different scenarios where the emissions abatement effort is shared between countries according to three established equity criteria.

  5. 38 CFR 200.5 - Coordination with other authorities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA); the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA); the Endangered Species Act (ESA); Executive Orders 11988, 11990, and 13006; and other applicable authorities. (b) In... COMPLIANCE WITH THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT § 200.5 Coordination with other authorities. (a) To the...

  6. 38 CFR 200.5 - Coordination with other authorities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA); the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA); the Endangered Species Act (ESA); Executive Orders 11988, 11990, and 13006; and other applicable authorities. (b) In... COMPLIANCE WITH THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT § 200.5 Coordination with other authorities. (a) To the...

  7. 38 CFR 200.5 - Coordination with other authorities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA); the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA); the Endangered Species Act (ESA); Executive Orders 11988, 11990, and 13006; and other applicable authorities. (b) In... COMPLIANCE WITH THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT § 200.5 Coordination with other authorities. (a) To the...

  8. 38 CFR 200.5 - Coordination with other authorities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA); the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA); the Endangered Species Act (ESA); Executive Orders 11988, 11990, and 13006; and other applicable authorities. (b) In... COMPLIANCE WITH THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT § 200.5 Coordination with other authorities. (a) To the...

  9. 38 CFR 200.5 - Coordination with other authorities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA); the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA); the Endangered Species Act (ESA); Executive Orders 11988, 11990, and 13006; and other applicable authorities. (b) In... COMPLIANCE WITH THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT § 200.5 Coordination with other authorities. (a) To the...

  10. 2 CFR 170.305 - Award.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Award. 170.305 Section 170.305 Grants and Agreements Office of Management and Budget Guidance for Grants and Agreements OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET GOVERNMENTWIDE GUIDANCE FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS Reserved REPORTING SUBAWARD AND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION...

  11. 2 CFR 170.300 - Agency.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Agency. 170.300 Section 170.300 Grants and Agreements Office of Management and Budget Guidance for Grants and Agreements OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET GOVERNMENTWIDE GUIDANCE FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS Reserved REPORTING SUBAWARD AND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION...

  12. 2 CFR 170.325 - Subaward.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Subaward. 170.325 Section 170.325 Grants and Agreements Office of Management and Budget Guidance for Grants and Agreements OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET GOVERNMENTWIDE GUIDANCE FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS Reserved REPORTING SUBAWARD AND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION...

  13. 2 CFR 170.325 - Subaward.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Subaward. 170.325 Section 170.325 Grants and Agreements Office of Management and Budget Guidance for Grants and Agreements OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET GOVERNMENTWIDE GUIDANCE FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS [Reserved] REPORTING SUBAWARD AND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION...

  14. 2 CFR 170.305 - Award.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Award. 170.305 Section 170.305 Grants and Agreements Office of Management and Budget Guidance for Grants and Agreements OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET GOVERNMENTWIDE GUIDANCE FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS [Reserved] REPORTING SUBAWARD AND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION...

  15. 2 CFR 170.300 - Agency.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Agency. 170.300 Section 170.300 Grants and Agreements Office of Management and Budget Guidance for Grants and Agreements OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET GOVERNMENTWIDE GUIDANCE FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS [Reserved] REPORTING SUBAWARD AND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION...

  16. 75 FR 39414 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; FAR Case 2008-039, Reporting Executive Compensation and First...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-08

    ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). ACTION: Interim rule with request for comments... free, public, online Web site containing full disclosure of all Federal contract award information, the...

  17. 12 CFR 1770.2 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Purpose. 1770.2 Section 1770.2 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF FEDERAL HOUSING ENTERPRISE OVERSIGHT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT SAFETY AND SOUNDNESS EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION § 1770.2 Purpose. In exercising responsibilities related to...

  18. The Audit Committee. Board Basics

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ostrom, John S.

    2004-01-01

    The Effective Committees set of booklets comprises publications on the following committees: investment, buildings and grounds, academic affairs, student affairs, finance, development, trustees, audit, compensation, and executive. It is part of the AGB Board Basics Series. This report describes the primary role of an audit committee. The primary…

  19. 12 CFR 1770.4 - Submission requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... organizational chart when changes occur affecting the status of executive officers under this part; (8) Proxy...) When an Enterprise makes any changes to the termination provisions of any compensation or benefit... the following materials: (1) The details of the agreement or program change, e.g., employment...

  20. 12 CFR 1770.5 - Compliance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Compliance. 1770.5 Section 1770.5 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF FEDERAL HOUSING ENTERPRISE OVERSIGHT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT SAFETY AND SOUNDNESS EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION § 1770.5 Compliance. (a) An employment agreement or contract...

  1. 12 CFR 1770.5 - Compliance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Compliance. 1770.5 Section 1770.5 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF FEDERAL HOUSING ENTERPRISE OVERSIGHT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT SAFETY AND SOUNDNESS EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION § 1770.5 Compliance. (a) An employment agreement or contract...

  2. Board oversight of executive performance and compensation.

    PubMed

    Curran, Connie R; Totten, Mary K

    2010-01-01

    Making sure the relative roles of the board and management are clear and agreed upon is becoming more important as market and regulatory forces compel boards to govern at levels of detail once considered micromanagement, but are now required and necessary in the current environment of heightened governance accountability. A clear understanding of each other's roles and responsibilities is step one in building a solid partnership between the board and chief executive. A second element of building a strong foundation for the board-CEO relationship is taking time early on to establish mutual expectations about working together. The board's responsibilities in CEO performance management and compensation include setting performance expectations and goals that are clear and measurable and coaching and motivating the CEO. When a CEO fails, one of the most important steps for the board to take is to look in the mirror and commit to the rigorous due diligence needed to avoid future mistakes. Boards should always have CEO succession on their agenda.

  3. Inequities in Academic Compensation by Gender: A Follow-up to the National Faculty Survey Cohort Study.

    PubMed

    Freund, Karen M; Raj, Anita; Kaplan, Samantha E; Terrin, Norma; Breeze, Janis L; Urech, Tracy H; Carr, Phyllis L

    2016-08-01

    Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated gender differences in salaries within academic medicine. No research has assessed longitudinal compensation patterns. This study sought to assess longitudinal patterns by gender in compensation, and to understand factors associated with these differences in a longitudinal cohort. A 17-year longitudinal follow-up of the National Faculty Survey was conducted with a random sample of faculty from 24 U.S. medical schools. Participants employed full-time at initial and follow-up time periods completed the survey. Annual pretax compensation during academic year 2012-2013 was compared by gender. Covariates assessed included race/ethnicity; years since first academic appointment; retention in academic career; academic rank; departmental affiliation; percent effort distribution across clinical, teaching, administrative, and research duties; marital and parental status; and any leave or part-time status in the years between surveys. In unadjusted analyses, women earned a mean of $20,520 less than men (P = .03); women made 90 cents for every dollar earned by their male counterparts. This difference was reduced to $16,982 (P = .04) after adjusting for covariates. The mean difference of $15,159 was no longer significant (P = .06) when adjusting covariates and for those who had ever taken a leave or worked part-time. The continued gender gap in compensation cannot be accounted for by metrics used to calculate salary. Institutional actions to address these disparities include both initial appointment and annual salary equity reviews, training of senior faculty and administrators to understand implicit bias, and training of women faculty in negotiating skills.

  4. Inequities in Academic Compensation by Gender: A Follow-Up to the National Faculty Survey Cohort Study

    PubMed Central

    Freund, Karen M.; Raj, Anita; Kaplan, Samantha E.; Terrin, Norma; Breeze, Janis L.; Urech, Tracy H.; Carr, Phyllis L.

    2016-01-01

    Purpose Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated gender differences in salaries within academic medicine. No research has assessed longitudinal compensation patterns. This study sought to assess longitudinal patterns by gender in compensation, and to understand factors associated with these differences in a longitudinal cohort. Method A 17-year longitudinal follow-up of the National Faculty Survey was conducted with a random sample of faculty from 24 U.S. medical schools. Participants employed full-time at initial and follow-up time periods completed the survey. Annual pre-tax compensation during academic year 2012–13 was compared by gender. Covariates assessed included race/ethnicity; years since first academic appointment; retention in academic career; academic rank; departmental affiliation; percent effort distribution across clinical, teaching, administrative, and research duties; marital and parental status; and any leave or part-time status in the years between surveys. Results In unadjusted analyses, women earned a mean of $20,520 less than men (P = .03); women made 90 cents for every dollar earned by their male counterparts. This difference was reduced to $16,982 (P = .04) after adjusting for covariates. The mean difference of $15,159 was no longer significant (P = .06) when adjusting covariates and for those who had ever taken a leave or worked part-time. Conclusions The continued gender gap in compensation cannot be accounted for by metrics used to calculate salary. Institutional actions to address these disparities include both initial appointment and annual salary equity reviews, training of senior faculty and administrators to understand implicit bias, and training of women faculty in negotiating skills. PMID:27276007

  5. A decade of change: the emerging role of the CFO.

    PubMed

    Gauss, J W

    1991-05-01

    The average senior financial executive today in a hospital or corporate healthcare setting is a 42-year-old male who has a master's degree or at least some postgraduate education and who has been in his position for six years, according to a 1991 national survey of healthcare chief financial officers (CFOs). The individual has the title of CFO, earns $82,100, and last year received incentive compensation amounting to 12.3 percent of base salary. He aspires to a higher position, although not necessarily the job of chief executive officer.

  6. Cumulative injury or disease claims: an attempt to define employers' liability for workers' compensation.

    PubMed

    LaDou, J; Mulryan, L E; McCarthy, K J

    1980-01-01

    The workers' compensation systems of several states have been expanded in recent years to include injuries and diseases caused by cumulative injury and occupational stress. This expansion has placed a financial burden on the respective systems, on employers, and on consumers, who ultimately must pay the cost of claims through higher priced products or services. This expansion may not be justified from a social perspective, however; extant medical and sociological evidence is not conclusive as to whether occupational-stress injuries or diseases--such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, and neuropsychiatric illness--are the direct result of stressful work environments. Using the California workers' compensation system as a model, the authors submit that the underlying premises of liability governing the expanded systems should be reassessed based (1) on economic factors, specifically, the increasing costs of workers' compensation; (2) on the capacity of the system to process an ever-increasing number of claims; and (3) on the principle on which workers' compensation systems were established, that of equity between the employer and the employee. On the basis of these three factors, the authors evaluated three legislative approaches to restructuring the expanded system: presumption of compensability, apportionment of liability, and threshold of compensability. The first recognizes that although certain health problems are related to the workplace, the degree of causation is difficult to prove; under this approach, therefore, causation is presumed, and injury compensated, for all diseases and injuries that the system defines as work related. The second holds that where a causal relationship between the work and the injury can be proved, the employer nevertheless should be responsible only for that portion of the disability actually caused by the workplace. The third directs that the injured employee be compensated only when a direct causal link between the job and the injury or disease can be proved. The authors recommend that legislators implement this third alternative. For one reason, it is feasible economically; for a second, it would not burden the system or increase litigation; for a third, it is equitable to both employees and employers.

  7. Executive functioning and processing speed in age-related differences in time estimation: a comparison of young, old, and very old adults.

    PubMed

    Baudouin, Alexia; Isingrini, Michel; Vanneste, Sandrine

    2018-01-25

    Age-related differences in time estimation were examined by comparing the temporal performance of young, young-old, and old-old adults, in relation to two major theories of cognitive aging: executive decline and cognitive slowing. We tested the hypothesis that processing speed and executive function are differentially involved in timing depending on the temporal task used. We also tested the assumption of greater age-related effects in time estimation in old-old participants. Participants performed two standard temporal tasks: duration production and duration reproduction. They also completed tests measuring executive function and processing speed. Findings supported the view that executive function is the best mediator of reproduction performance and inversely that processing speed is the best mediator of production performance. They also showed that young-old participants provide relatively accurate temporal judgments compared to old-old participants. These findings are discussed in terms of compensation mechanisms in aging.

  8. Von den Flitterwochen zur distanzierten Partnerschaft. Deutsche Manager in internationalen M&A

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fuchs, Martina; Schalljo, Martin

    2017-04-01

    Cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) require considerable intercultural openness on the part of the managers involved. A recent wave of takeovers by private equity investors and foreign investors from emerging economies has challenged German executives. In cases of friendly takeovers, as described in this study, managers at first appear to extend a cosmopolitan welcome to the new owners. However, further analysis of structural hermeneutics reveals latent normative professional ethics of managers which lead to practices of distancing, in particular from young investors from China, India, and Russia.

  9. Compensation and the Mobile Executive

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Roche, Gerard R.

    1975-01-01

    Describes a hypothetical situation in a textile manufacturing plant and presents three alternative letters prepared by management for possible distribution to the plant's employees. Three guest commentators discuss the probable impact of the different letters and comment on the advisability of communicating with plant employees in such a manner.…

  10. 75 FR 55618 - Board of Governors; Sunshine Act Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-13

    ... POSTAL SERVICE Board of Governors; Sunshine Act Meeting DATES AND TIMES: Tuesday, September 21... 21, at 10 a.m. (Closed) 1. Strategic Issues. 2. Pricing. 3. Financial Matters. 4. Personnel Matters and Compensation Issues. 5. Governors' Executive Session--Discussion of prior agenda items and Board...

  11. 12 CFR 985.8 - General duties of the OF board of directors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... chief executive officer for the OF and shall direct the implementation of the OF board of directors... market conditions, and the Banks' role as government-sponsored enterprises; (ii) Maintaining reliable... financial statements; (8) Select, evaluate, determine the compensation of, and, where appropriate, replace...

  12. 29 CFR 541.600 - Amount of salary required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... DELIMITING THE EXEMPTIONS FOR EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, PROFESSIONAL, COMPUTER AND OUTSIDE SALES EMPLOYEES... employed, as provided in § 541.204(a)(1). (d) In the case of computer employees, the compensation... license or certificate permitting the practice of law or medicine or any of their branches and are...

  13. 29 CFR 541.600 - Amount of salary required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... DELIMITING THE EXEMPTIONS FOR EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, PROFESSIONAL, COMPUTER AND OUTSIDE SALES EMPLOYEES... employed, as provided in § 541.204(a)(1). (d) In the case of computer employees, the compensation... license or certificate permitting the practice of law or medicine or any of their branches and are...

  14. 29 CFR 541.600 - Amount of salary required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... DELIMITING THE EXEMPTIONS FOR EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, PROFESSIONAL, COMPUTER AND OUTSIDE SALES EMPLOYEES... employed, as provided in § 541.204(a)(1). (d) In the case of computer employees, the compensation... license or certificate permitting the practice of law or medicine or any of their branches and are...

  15. 29 CFR 541.600 - Amount of salary required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... DELIMITING THE EXEMPTIONS FOR EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, PROFESSIONAL, COMPUTER AND OUTSIDE SALES EMPLOYEES... employed, as provided in § 541.204(a)(1). (d) In the case of computer employees, the compensation... license or certificate permitting the practice of law or medicine or any of their branches and are...

  16. 29 CFR 541.600 - Amount of salary required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... DELIMITING THE EXEMPTIONS FOR EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, PROFESSIONAL, COMPUTER AND OUTSIDE SALES EMPLOYEES... employed, as provided in § 541.204(a)(1). (d) In the case of computer employees, the compensation... license or certificate permitting the practice of law or medicine or any of their branches and are...

  17. The Annuity Option.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Demsey, Brian R.

    1991-01-01

    For school executives, annuities have become the preferred retirement vehicle, because other private-sector investments (some deferred compensation and profit-sharing plans) are closed to public employees. This article explains Internal Revenue Code sections 403 (b) and 457 and 1986 Tax Reform Act provisions related to tax-sheltered annuity plans.…

  18. Eliminating Gender-Based Bias in Academic Medicine: More Than Naming the "Elephant in the Room".

    PubMed

    Morgan, Anna U; Chaiyachati, Krisda H; Weissman, Gary E; Liao, Joshua M

    2018-06-01

    Gender-based discrimination and bias are widespread in professional settings, including academic medicine. Overt manifestations such as sexual harassment have long been identified but attention is only more recently turning towards subtler forms of bias, including inequity in promotion and compensation. Barriers to progress vary across institutions and include lack of awareness, inadequate training, poor informational transparency, and challenging power dynamics. We propose five solutions that the academic medical community can adopt to not only name, but also address, gender-based bias as the proverbial elephant in the room: definitively identify the systemic nature of the problem, prompt those with influence and power to advance a culture of equity, broadly incorporate evidence-based explicit anti-sexist training, increase transparency of information related to professional development and compensation, and use robust research methods to study the drivers and potential solutions of gender inequity within academic medicine. While implementing these proposals is no small task, doing so is an important step in helping the academic medical community become more just.

  19. Burden Sharing with Climate Change Impacts

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tavoni, M.; van Vuuren, D.; De Cian, E.; Marangoni, G.; Hof, A.

    2014-12-01

    Efficiency and equity have been at the center of the climate change policy making since the very first international environmental agreements on climate change, though over time how to implement these principles has taken different forms. Studies based on Integrated Assessment Models have also shown that the economic effort of achieving a 2 degree target in a cost-effective way would differ widely across regions (Tavoni et al. 2013) because of diverse economic and energy structure, baseline emissions, energy and carbon intensity. Policy instruments, such as a fully-fledged, global emission trading schemes can be used to pursuing efficiency and equity at the same time but the literature has analyzed the compensations required to redistribute only mitigation costs. However, most of these studies have neglected the potential impacts of climate change. In this paper we use two integrated assessment models -FAIR and WITCH- to explore the 2°C policy space when accounting for climate change impacts. Impacts are represented via two different reduced forms equations, which despite their simplicity allows us exploring the key sensitivities- Our results show that in a 2 degree stabilization scenarios residual damages remain significant (see Figure 1) and that if you would like to compensate those as part of an equal effort scheme - this would lead to a different allocation than focusing on a mitigation based perspective only. The residual damages and adaptation costs are not equally distributed - and while we do not cover the full uncertainty space - with 2 different models and 2 sets of damage curves we are still able to show quite similar results in terms of vulnerable regions and the relative position of the different scenarios. Therefore, accounting for the residual damages and the associated adaptation costs on top of the mitigation burden increases and redistributes the full burden of total climate change.

  20. 48 CFR 52.204-10 - Reporting Executive Compensation and First-Tier Subcontract Awards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... System for Award Management (SAM) database (FAR provision 52.204-7), the Contractor shall report the... information from SAM and FPDS databases. If FPDS information is incorrect, the contractor should notify the contracting officer. If the SAM database information is incorrect, the contractor is responsible for...

  1. 48 CFR 52.204-10 - Reporting Executive Compensation and First-Tier Subcontract Awards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... System for Award Management (SAM) database (FAR provision 52.204-7), the Contractor shall report the... information from SAM and FPDS databases. If FPDS information is incorrect, the contractor should notify the contracting officer. If the SAM database information is incorrect, the contractor is responsible for...

  2. 75 FR 42792 - Board of Governors; Sunshine Act Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-22

    .... 7. Tentative Agenda for the September 21-22, 2010, meeting in Washington, DC. Thursday, August 5 at 10:30 a.m. (Closed--if Needed) 1. Continuation of Wednesday's closed session agenda. Contact Person.... Personnel Matters and Compensation Issues. 5. Governors' Executive Session--Discussion of prior agenda items...

  3. 75 FR 22434 - Board of Governors; Sunshine Act Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-28

    ... Agenda for the June 21-23, 2010, meeting in Louisville, Kentucky. Thursday, May 6 at 10:30 a.m. (Closed--if needed) 1. Continuation of Wednesday's closed session agenda. Contact Person for More Information... and Compensation Issues. 5. Governors' Executive Session--Discussion of prior agenda items and Board...

  4. 32 CFR 842.50 - Claims not payable.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., exercising due care, in the execution of a statute or regulation, whether or not such statute or regulation... incident to service. (r) Is for the personal injury or death of a government employee for whom benefits are... fund employees, for whom benefits are provided by the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act...

  5. 29 CFR 541.601 - Highly compensated employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... DELIMITING THE EXEMPTIONS FOR EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, PROFESSIONAL, COMPUTER AND OUTSIDE SALES EMPLOYEES..., administrative or professional employee identified in subparts B, C or D of this part. (b)(1) “Total annual... anticipate based upon past sales that the employee also will earn $20,000 in commissions. However, due to...

  6. 44 CFR 208.2 - Definitions of terms used in this part.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Force personnel compensation, itemized fringe benefit rates and amounts including calculations, and... State or Local Government that has executed an MOA with DHS to organize and administer a Task Force. Stafford Act means the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121...

  7. 17 CFR 229.402 - (Item 402) Executive compensation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... rights (“SARs”) refers to SARs payable in cash or stock, including SARs payable in cash or stock at the... without tandem SARs (including awards that subsequently have been transferred), the aggregate grant date..., the registrant has adjusted or amended the exercise price of options or SARs previously awarded to a...

  8. The Shift in Assistive Technology

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vlasak, Erin; Ranaldo, Michelle

    2012-01-01

    It is becoming increasingly clear that executive functioning deficits are a common area of concern for students and young adults with a variety of different intellectual disabilities. Assistive technology can be invaluable in aiding students and young adults in compensating for these deficits. The Assistive Technology Act of 1998, and the IDEA…

  9. 78 FR 5478 - Notice of Revised Information Collection for Public Comment; Public Housing Authority Executive...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-25

    ... INFORMATION CONTACT: Arlette Mussington, Office of Policy, Programs and Legislative Initiatives, PIH... compensated employees, similar to the information that non-profit organizations receiving federal tax exemptions are required to report to the IRS annually. Since PHAs receive significant direct federal funds...

  10. Prevalence and compensation of academic leaders, professors, and trustees on publicly traded US healthcare company boards of directors: cross sectional study.

    PubMed

    Anderson, Timothy S; Good, Chester B; Gellad, Walid F

    2015-09-29

    To identify the prevalence, characteristics, and compensation of members of the boards of directors of healthcare industry companies who hold academic appointments as leaders, professors, or trustees. Cross sectional study. US healthcare companies publicly traded on the NASDAQ or New York Stock Exchange in 2013. 3434 directors of pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical equipment and supply, and healthcare provider companies. Prevalence, annual compensation, and beneficial stock ownership of directors with affiliations as leaders, professors, or trustees of academic medical and research institutions. 446 healthcare companies met the study search criteria, of which 442 (99%) had publicly accessible disclosures on boards of directors. 180 companies (41%) had one or more academically affiliated directors. Directors were affiliated with 85 geographically diverse non-profit academic institutions, including 19 of the top 20 National Institute of Health funded medical schools and all of the 17 US News honor roll hospitals. Overall, these 279 academically affiliated directors included 73 leaders, 121 professors, and 85 trustees. Leaders included 17 chief executive officers and 11 vice presidents or executive officers of health systems and hospitals; 15 university presidents, provosts, and chancellors; and eight medical school deans or presidents. The total annual compensation to academically affiliated directors for their services to companies was $54,995,786 (£35,836,000; €49,185,900) (median individual compensation $193,000) and directors beneficially owned 59,831,477 shares of company stock (median 50,699 shares). A substantial number and diversity of academic leaders, professors, and trustees hold directorships at US healthcare companies, with compensation often approaching or surpassing common academic clinical salaries. Dual obligations to for profit company shareholders and non-profit clinical and educational institutions pose considerable personal, financial, and institutional conflicts of interest beyond that of simple consulting relationships. These conflicts have not been fully addressed by professional societies or academic institutions and deserve additional review, regulation, and, in some cases, prohibition when conflicts cannot be reconciled. © Anderson et al 2015.

  11. Prevalence and compensation of academic leaders, professors, and trustees on publicly traded US healthcare company boards of directors: cross sectional study

    PubMed Central

    Anderson, Timothy S; Good, Chester B

    2015-01-01

    Objective To identify the prevalence, characteristics, and compensation of members of the boards of directors of healthcare industry companies who hold academic appointments as leaders, professors, or trustees. Design Cross sectional study. Setting US healthcare companies publicly traded on the NASDAQ or New York Stock Exchange in 2013. Participants 3434 directors of pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical equipment and supply, and healthcare provider companies. Main outcome measures Prevalence, annual compensation, and beneficial stock ownership of directors with affiliations as leaders, professors, or trustees of academic medical and research institutions. Results 446 healthcare companies met the study search criteria, of which 442 (99%) had publicly accessible disclosures on boards of directors. 180 companies (41%) had one or more academically affiliated directors. Directors were affiliated with 85 geographically diverse non-profit academic institutions, including 19 of the top 20 National Institute of Health funded medical schools and all of the 17 US News honor roll hospitals. Overall, these 279 academically affiliated directors included 73 leaders, 121 professors, and 85 trustees. Leaders included 17 chief executive officers and 11 vice presidents or executive officers of health systems and hospitals; 15 university presidents, provosts, and chancellors; and eight medical school deans or presidents. The total annual compensation to academically affiliated directors for their services to companies was $54 995 786 (£35 836 000; €49 185 900) (median individual compensation $193 000) and directors beneficially owned 59 831 477 shares of company stock (median 50 699 shares). Conclusions A substantial number and diversity of academic leaders, professors, and trustees hold directorships at US healthcare companies, with compensation often approaching or surpassing common academic clinical salaries. Dual obligations to for profit company shareholders and non-profit clinical and educational institutions pose considerable personal, financial, and institutional conflicts of interest beyond that of simple consulting relationships. These conflicts have not been fully addressed by professional societies or academic institutions and deserve additional review, regulation, and, in some cases, prohibition when conflicts cannot be reconciled. PMID:26420786

  12. Get the right mix of bricks & clicks.

    PubMed

    Gulati, R; Garino, J

    2000-01-01

    The bright line that once distinguished the dot-com from the incumbent is rapidly fading. Success in the new economy will go to those who can execute clicks-and-mortar strategies that bridge the physical and virtual worlds. But how executives forge such strategies is under considerable debate. Despite the obvious benefits that integration offers--cross-promotion, shared information, purchasing leverage, distribution economies, and the like--many executives now assume that Internet businesses have to be separate to thrive. They believe that the very nature of traditional business--its protectiveness of current customers, its fear of cannibalization, its general myopia--will smother any Internet initiative. Authors Ranjay Gulati and Jason Garino contend that executives don't have to make an either- or choice when it comes to their clicks-and-mortar strategies. The question isn't, "Should we develop our Internet channel in-house or launch a spin-off?" but rather, "What degree of integration makes sense for our company?" To determine the best level of integration for their companies, executives should examine four business dimensions: brand, management, operations, and equity. Drawing on the experiences of three established retailers--Office Depot, KB Toys, and Rite Aid--the authors show the spectrum of strategies available and discuss the trade-offs involved in each choice. By thinking carefully about which aspects of a business to integrate and which to keep distinct, companies can tailor their clicks-and-mortar strategy to their own particular market and competitive situation, dramatically increasing their odds of e-business success.

  13. 76 FR 4901 - Submission for OMB Review; OMB Control No. 3090-0292; FFATA Subaward and Executive Compensation...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-27

    ... burden of this collection of information is accurate, and based on valid assumptions and methodology... assumptions and methodologies. The respondents requested that GSA and OMB publish additional information about... seen as an intelligence gathering, they recommended that OMB exempt primary recipients from having to...

  14. 78 FR 46549 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Idaho: State Board Requirements

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-01

    ... such board or body or the head of an executive agency with similar powers be adequately disclosed.'' 42... Requirements Idaho Code Sec. 39-107, Board--Composition--Officers-- Compensation--Powers--Subpoena--Depositions... regard to their knowledge of and interest in solid waste; two (2) members shall be chosen for their...

  15. 75 FR 74748 - Senior Executive Service; Appointment of Members to the Performance Review Board

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-01

    ... Compensation--appointment expires on 09/30/11 SOL Katherine E. Bissell, Associate Solicitor for Civil Rights and Labor Management--appointment expires on 09/30/11 SOL Michael D. Felsen, Regional Solicitor, Boston--appointment expires on 09/30/12 SOL Deborah Greenfield, Deputy Solicitor--appointment expires on...

  16. 77 FR 29361 - Notice of Lodging of Consent Decree Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-17

    ... (a) pay $3,812,127 to the Department of the Interior's Natural Resource Damage Assessment and... the Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs for its assessment costs. The... General, Environment and Natural Resources Division, P.O. Box 7611, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington...

  17. 78 FR 19508 - Notice of Submission of Proposed Information Collection to OMB; Public Housing Authority...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-01

    ... collection requirement described below has been submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for... be sent to: HUD Desk Officer, Office of Management and Budget, New Executive Office Building... total cash compensation paid for with Section 8 and Section 9 funds. The new elements replace several...

  18. 75 FR 79873 - Semiannual Regulatory Agenda

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-20

    ... Legal Authority: 40 USC 121(c); 10 USC ch 137; 42 USC 2473(c) Abstract: The Civilian Agency Acquisition... REPORTING PROCEDURES Legal Authority: 40 USC 121(c); 10 USC ch 137; 42 USC 2473(c) Abstract: The Civilian... EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION AND FIRST-TIER SUBCONTRACT AWARDS Legal Authority: 40 USC 121(c); 10 USC ch 137; 42...

  19. Presidential Power and the Modern College Leader

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Marcy, Mary B.

    2008-01-01

    In this article, the author notes that an academic institution is essentially a political, not a corporate, system, and that its leader is more akin to the president of the United States than to a corporate chief executive. This is in spite of the argument, particularly when defending the compensation of college presidents, that leading an…

  20. Do hospital chief executive officers extract rents from Certificate of Need laws?

    PubMed

    Eichmann, Traci L; Santerre, Rexford E

    2011-01-01

    Prior research suggests that Certificate of Need (CON) laws reduce competition in the hospital services industry. As a result, this study empirically investigates if not-for-profit hospital chief executive officers (CEOs) are able to extract rents from CON laws in the form of higher compensation. A sample of 256 not-for-profit hospital CEOs in states with and without CON laws and data for 2007 are used in the empirical analysis. The study considers the endogenous nature of a CON law and allows such a law to indirectly affect CEO compensation through its impact on the number of hospitals and beds. The multiple regression results indicate that special and public interests both motivate the decision of a state to maintain a CON law. CON laws are shown to reduce the number of beds at the typical hospital by 12 percent, on average, and the number of hospitals per 100,000 persons by 48 percent. These reductions ultimately lead urban hospital CEOs in states with CON laws to extract economic rents of $91,000 annually.

  1. On-line compensation for perturbations of a reaching movement is cerebellar dependent: support for the task dependency hypothesis.

    PubMed

    Shimansky, Yury; Wang, Jian-Jun; Bauer, Richard A; Bracha, Vlastislav; Bloedel, James R

    2004-03-01

    Although the cerebellum has been shown to be critical for the acquisition and retention of adaptive modifications in certain reflex behaviors, this structure's role in the learning of motor skills required to execute complex voluntary goal-directed movements still is unclear. This study explores this issue by analyzing the effects of inactivating the interposed and dentate cerebellar nuclei on the adaptation required to compensate for an external elastic load applied during a reaching movement. We show that cats with these nuclei inactivated can adapt to predictable perturbations of the forelimb during a goal-directed reach by including a compensatory component in the motor plan prior to movement initiation. In contrast, when comparable compensatory modifications must be triggered on-line because the perturbations are applied in randomized trials (i.e., unpredictably), such adaptive responses cannot be executed or reacquired after the interposed and dentate nuclei are inactivated. These findings provide the first demonstration of the condition-dependent nature of the cerebellum's contribution to the learning of a specific volitional task.

  2. Automated Instrumentation, Monitoring and Visualization of PVM Programs Using AIMS

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mehra, Pankaj; VanVoorst, Brian; Yan, Jerry; Lum, Henry, Jr. (Technical Monitor)

    1994-01-01

    We present views and analysis of the execution of several PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) codes for Computational Fluid Dynamics on a networks of Sparcstations, including: (1) NAS Parallel Benchmarks CG and MG; (2) a multi-partitioning algorithm for NAS Parallel Benchmark SP; and (3) an overset grid flowsolver. These views and analysis were obtained using our Automated Instrumentation and Monitoring System (AIMS) version 3.0, a toolkit for debugging the performance of PVM programs. We will describe the architecture, operation and application of AIMS. The AIMS toolkit contains: (1) Xinstrument, which can automatically instrument various computational and communication constructs in message-passing parallel programs; (2) Monitor, a library of runtime trace-collection routines; (3) VK (Visual Kernel), an execution-animation tool with source-code clickback; and (4) Tally, a tool for statistical analysis of execution profiles. Currently, Xinstrument can handle C and Fortran 77 programs using PVM 3.2.x; Monitor has been implemented and tested on Sun 4 systems running SunOS 4.1.2; and VK uses XIIR5 and Motif 1.2. Data and views obtained using AIMS clearly illustrate several characteristic features of executing parallel programs on networked workstations: (1) the impact of long message latencies; (2) the impact of multiprogramming overheads and associated load imbalance; (3) cache and virtual-memory effects; and (4) significant skews between workstation clocks. Interestingly, AIMS can compensate for constant skew (zero drift) by calibrating the skew between a parent and its spawned children. In addition, AIMS' skew-compensation algorithm can adjust timestamps in a way that eliminates physically impossible communications (e.g., messages going backwards in time). Our current efforts are directed toward creating new views to explain the observed performance of PVM programs. Some of the features planned for the near future include: (1) ConfigView, showing the physical topology of the virtual machine, inferred using specially formatted IP (Internet Protocol) packets: and (2) LoadView, synchronous animation of PVM-program execution and resource-utilization patterns.

  3. Working memory and executive function decline across normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease.

    PubMed

    Kirova, Anna-Mariya; Bays, Rebecca B; Lagalwar, Sarita

    2015-01-01

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease marked by deficits in episodic memory, working memory (WM), and executive function. Examples of executive dysfunction in AD include poor selective and divided attention, failed inhibition of interfering stimuli, and poor manipulation skills. Although episodic deficits during disease progression have been widely studied and are the benchmark of a probable AD diagnosis, more recent research has investigated WM and executive function decline during mild cognitive impairment (MCI), also referred to as the preclinical stage of AD. MCI is a critical period during which cognitive restructuring and neuroplasticity such as compensation still occur; therefore, cognitive therapies could have a beneficial effect on decreasing the likelihood of AD progression during MCI. Monitoring performance on working memory and executive function tasks to track cognitive function may signal progression from normal cognition to MCI to AD. The present review tracks WM decline through normal aging, MCI, and AD to highlight the behavioral and neurological differences that distinguish these three stages in an effort to guide future research on MCI diagnosis, cognitive therapy, and AD prevention.

  4. Pathologists' roles in clinical utilization management. A financing model for managed care.

    PubMed

    Zhao, J J; Liberman, A

    2000-03-01

    In ancillary or laboratory utilization management, the roles of pathologists have not been explored fully in managed care systems. Two possible reasons may account for this: pathologists' potential contributions have not been defined clearly, and effective measurement of and reasonable compensation for the pathologist's contribution remains vague. The responsibilities of pathologists in clinical practice may include clinical pathology and laboratory services (which have long been well-defined and are compensated according to a resource-based relative value system-based coding system), laboratory administration, clinical utilization management, and clinical research. Although laboratory administration services have been compensated with mechanisms such as percentage of total service revenue or fixed salary, the involvement of pathologists seems less today than in the past, owing to increased clinical workload and time constraints in an expanding managed care environment, especially in community hospital settings. The lack of financial incentives or appropriate compensation mechanisms for the services likely accounts for the current situation. Furthermore, the importance of pathologist-driven utilization management in laboratory services lacks recognition among hospital administrators, managed care executives, and pathologists themselves, despite its potential benefits for reducing cost and enhancing quality of care. We propose a financial compensation model for such services and summarize its advantages.

  5. The Canada Pension Plan's experience with investing its portfolio in equities.

    PubMed

    Sarney, M; Preneta, A M

    For the past few years, the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) has been investing some of its assets in equities. Without changes, an imbalance between revenues and outlays would exhaust the CPP reserve fund by 2015. Creating an entity that was independent of government was one of several changes the federal and provincial governments enacted to achieve fuller funding. The governments created an independent Investment Board (the CPP Investment Board, or "CPPIB") to oversee the new investments. Because the plan already owned a large government bond portfolio, the CPPIB decided to invest new CPP funds in broad equity indices in March 1999. In 2000, the CPPIB began actively investing a portion of the CPP funds. Key features of that policy and some observations about its implementation include the following: In addition to investing CPP revenues in equities, reform also included contribution rate increases, benefit reductions, and a financing stabilizer. The new investment policy accounted for 25 percent of the total effect of all the reforms. It is premature to know if the investments will achieve their long-term performance objective. The new equity investments are projected by the Chief Actuary, in his most recent Actuarial Report, to earn a 4.5 percent real rate of return on Canadian equity and 5.0 percent real return on foreign equity for a blended real return of 4.65 percent based on an equity mix of 70 percent Canadian and 30 percent non-Canadian. However, it is too early to tell if the equity investments will achieve that goal over the long run. The Investment Board's mandate is to maximize returns. The Investment Board, which oversees the CPP's new investments, has broad discretion to pursue maximum returns on its assets without incurring undue risk of loss while keeping in mind the financial obligations and other assets of the CPP. Furthermore, it has developed into a professional investment organization staffed with private-sector experts in finance and investment. The board is designed to be independent of government. The federal and provincial governments designed the board to operate at arm's length from themselves. The process for selecting directors includes public- and private-sector participation, and the board is in compliance with several sets of governance guidelines for corporations. CPPIB management, with the support of its board of directors, has decided to implement a virtual corporation model involving a small team of senior executives setting strategies for implementation primarily by external professional firms. Consequently, as a virtual corporation, the board currently relies on external fund managers to make investments and vote proxies. Several measures are designed to ensure accountability to the public. The investment legislation subjects the board to overlapping layers of oversight to ensure accountability to the public. The features of this oversight include public meetings in each province as well as quarterly statements and annual reports to Parliament, the federal and provincial finance ministers, and the public. The 10 finance ministers review the CPPIB's mandate and regulations every 3 years, and the CPPIB is subject to a special examination every 6 years by an auditor appointed by the Federal Minister of Finance.

  6. Frizzled to finance: one PhD's path from a Drosophila lab to Wall Street.

    PubMed

    Taylor, Job

    2016-06-01

    An equity research analyst's job is to determine whether the price of a stock is likely to go up or down. For science-based businesses, particularly biotechnology companies, a PhD in the life sciences can be very helpful in making this determination. I transitioned from a postdoc position to working in equity research. Here I present information on how I made the transition, an overview of the day-to-day activities of an analyst, and thoughts on how to prepare to look for a job in finance. There are significant positives to working on Wall Street, including exposure to cutting-edge clinical/translational research, access to some of the best scientists in the world, a dynamic work environment, and compensation that generally exceeds academic salaries. This comes at the cost of some independence and the satisfaction of being able to call oneself a scientist. © 2016 Taylor. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). Two months after publication it is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).

  7. Field Programmable Gate Array Based Parallel Strapdown Algorithm Design for Strapdown Inertial Navigation Systems

    PubMed Central

    Li, Zong-Tao; Wu, Tie-Jun; Lin, Can-Long; Ma, Long-Hua

    2011-01-01

    A new generalized optimum strapdown algorithm with coning and sculling compensation is presented, in which the position, velocity and attitude updating operations are carried out based on the single-speed structure in which all computations are executed at a single updating rate that is sufficiently high to accurately account for high frequency angular rate and acceleration rectification effects. Different from existing algorithms, the updating rates of the coning and sculling compensations are unrelated with the number of the gyro incremental angle samples and the number of the accelerometer incremental velocity samples. When the output sampling rate of inertial sensors remains constant, this algorithm allows increasing the updating rate of the coning and sculling compensation, yet with more numbers of gyro incremental angle and accelerometer incremental velocity in order to improve the accuracy of system. Then, in order to implement the new strapdown algorithm in a single FPGA chip, the parallelization of the algorithm is designed and its computational complexity is analyzed. The performance of the proposed parallel strapdown algorithm is tested on the Xilinx ISE 12.3 software platform and the FPGA device XC6VLX550T hardware platform on the basis of some fighter data. It is shown that this parallel strapdown algorithm on the FPGA platform can greatly decrease the execution time of algorithm to meet the real-time and high precision requirements of system on the high dynamic environment, relative to the existing implemented on the DSP platform. PMID:22164058

  8. Crisis prevention: how to gear up your board.

    PubMed

    Salmon, W J

    1993-01-01

    Today's critics of corporate boardrooms have plenty of ammunition. The two crucial responsibilities of boards-oversight of long-term company strategy and the selection, evaluation, and compensation of top management--were reduced to damage control during the 1980s. Walter Salmon, a longtime director, notes that while boards have improved since he began serving on them in 1961, they haven't kept pace with the need for real change. Based on over 30 years of boardroom experience, Salmon recommends against government reform of board practices. But he does prescribe a series of incremental changes as a remedy. To begin with, he suggests limiting the size of boards and increasing the number of outside directors on them. In fact, according to Salmon, only three insiders belong on a board: the CEO, the COO, and the CFO. Changing how committees function is also necessary for gearing up today's boards. The audit committee, for example, can periodically review "high-exposure areas" of a business, perhaps helping to prevent embarrassing drops in future profits. Compensation committees can structure incentive compensation for executives to emphasize long-term rather than short-term performance. And nominating committees should be responsible for finding new, independent directors--not the CEO. In general, boards as a whole must spot problems early and blow the whistle, exercising what Salmon calls, "constructive dissatisfaction." On a revitalized board, directors have enough confidence in the process to vigorously challenge one another, including the company's chief executive.

  9. Radiation therapy interruption in a poor resource setting: causes and management..

    PubMed

    Akinlade, B I; Folasire, A M; Elumelu-Kupoluyi, T N; Adenipekun, A A; Iyobosa, U B; Campbell, O B

    2014-12-01

    Treatment interruption is the failure to execute approved treatment plan of a patient. This adversely affects treatment outcomeif not properly managed. This retrospective study causes and management of radiation treatment interruptions during High Dose Rate Brachytherapy(HDRB) for carcinoma of the cervix in a teaching hospital in Nigeria. Five hundred patients with cervical carcinoma, who received HDRB, post external beam radiotherapy, between August, 2008 and July, 2013 were assessed. They were grouped into (A): those who experienced treatment interruption and (B): those who did not. Each patient was scheduled to receive three fractions of HDRB over 3 weeks. Those in groups A were assessed for the exact treatment fraction missed, the cause and duration of treatment interruption and the actions taken to compensate for non-execution of treatment. A total of 90 patients fall into group A and most (41) of them experienced interruptions in the third fraction of their treatment. The most frequent (44%) causes of treatment interruptions observed among them were patient-related. Record of compensation for treatment interruption was not found in patients' treatment folders. This action may be due to lack of functional procedures for managing treatment interruptions and insufficient follow-up of patients, who never came back for consideration for compensation. This study showed that radiation oncology centres need to review their policies for managing treatment interruptions and documentation. Also, the mechanism for patients' follow-up should be strengthened to a reasonable extent to achieve better radiotherapy care.

  10. 29 CFR 541.100 - General rule for executive employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... regularly directs the work of two or more other employees; and (4) Who has the authority to hire or fire....100 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR...: (1) Compensated on a salary basis at a rate of not less than $455 per week (or $380 per week, if...

  11. 78 FR 38535 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Expansion of Applicability of the Senior Executive Compensation...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-26

    ..., of reducing costs, of harmonizing rules, and of promoting flexibility. This is a significant.... Regulatory Flexibility Act DoD, GSA, and NASA do not expect this interim rule to have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities within the meaning of the Regulatory Flexibility Act, 5...

  12. 48 CFR 31.205-6 - Compensation for personal services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... following: (A) To all executive agencies, other than DoD, NASA and the Coast Guard, for contracts awarded before, on, or after December 31, 2011; (B) To DoD, NASA, and the Coast Guard for contracts awarded... limit. (i) Applicability. This paragraph (p)(2) applies to DoD, NASA, and the Coast Guard for contracts...

  13. 48 CFR 31.205-6 - Compensation for personal services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... the following: (A) To all executive agencies, other than DoD, NASA, and the Coast Guard, for contracts awarded before June 24, 2014; (B) To DoD, NASA, and the Coast Guard for contracts awarded before December... paragraph (p)(2) applies to DOD, NASA, and the Coast Guard for contracts awarded on or after December 31...

  14. Visuomotor Integration and Inhibitory Control Compensate for Each Other in School Readiness

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cameron, Claire E.; Brock, Laura L.; Hatfield, Bridget E.; Cottone, Elizabeth A.; Rubinstein, Elise; LoCasale-Crouch, Jennifer; Grissmer, David W.

    2015-01-01

    Visuomotor integration (VMI), or the ability to copy designs, and 2 measures of executive function were examined in a predominantly low-income, typically developing sample of children (n = 467, mean age 4.2 years) from 5 U.S. states. In regression models controlling for age and demographic variables, we tested the interaction between visuomotor…

  15. Total Warrant Officer System (TWOS). Volume 1

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-08-30

    Compensation DiGirolamo, Nicholas A. CW4 OD ARNG Representative Dougherty, John R. CW4 AV Action Officer Hawk, Chuck CW4 AV Branch Chief Jinks, Dennis M. CW4...NCOIC Knight, Lewis D. SSG 81E Illustrator Cunningham, Linda L. SGT 71C Secretary/ Steno Grigsby, Steven A. SP4 64C Driver iv - ---- . "%o EXECUTIVE

  16. Operating lists are created by rational algorithms and use of power. What can a social scientific view offer surgeons?

    PubMed

    Engelmann, Carsten; Grote, Gudela; Geyer, Siegfried; Ametowobla, Dzifa

    2017-02-01

    Algorithms for surgical operation planning are evidence-based. However, choices sometimes have to be made between medically equal solutions e.g. for staffing of sought-after operations. Such decisions are heavily influenced by micropolitics and power. The article examines the array of highly manipulated processes around operation theatre allocation of convenient time slots or staff, which play out in various ways in all of the world's main regional surgical cultures. Essay supported by empiric data from an ethnographic power-analysis targeted to senior executive surgeons. Operations were categorized into "Interesting" (i.e. career-promoting) and "Uninteresting" (i.e. routine) operations. Fifty nine executives responded. Only one respondent contested the categorization of operations into Interesting and Uninteresting. The two categories were staffed according to significantly different criteria (p < 0.05). These were classified as Rational (e.g. "surgical expertise"), Social (e.g. "equity"), and Political (e.g. "status"). For Interesting operations, Rational criteria were deemed most relevant, while for the Uninteresting operations "equity" was ranked top. Moreover, we found significant differences between surgeons' and external observers' (experienced clerical and nursing staff) assessments of staffing decisions, the latter ranking Political motives higher. Decisions were almost exclusively negotiated among surgeons. 33% of respondents said they used subterfuges such as withholding information, incorrect duration-statements, and barter arrangements to defuse possible conflicts. Operating Lists are not merely the product of rational resource optimization. This article demonstrates the methodic feasibility of academic investigation into the typically tacit micro-political mechanisms in List-making. Developing such research further may potentially concern the practice and outcome of surgery.

  17. Impact of the National Practitioner Data Bank on resolution of malpractice claims.

    PubMed

    Waters, Teresa M; Studdert, David M; Brennan, Troyen A; Thomas, Eric J; Almagor, Orit; Mancewicz, Martha; Budetti, Peter P

    2003-01-01

    Policymakers and commentators are concerned that the National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB) has influenced malpractice litigation dynamics. This study examines whether the introduction of the NPDB changed the outcomes, process, and equity of malpractice litigation. Using pre- and post-NPDB analyses, we examine rates of unpaid claims, trials, resolution time, physician defense costs, and payments on claims with a low/high probability of negligence. We find that physicians and their insurers have been less likely to settle claims since introduction of the NPDB, especially for payments less than dollars 50,000. Because this disruption appears to have decreased the proportion of questionable claims receiving compensation, the NPDB actually may have increased overall tort system specificity.

  18. Payments for Ecosystem Services for watershed water resource allocations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fu, Yicheng; Zhang, Jian; Zhang, Chunling; Zang, Wenbin; Guo, Wenxian; Qian, Zhan; Liu, Laisheng; Zhao, Jinyong; Feng, Jian

    2018-01-01

    Watershed water resource allocation focuses on concrete aspects of the sustainable management of Ecosystem Services (ES) that are related to water and examines the possibility of implementing Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) for water ES. PES can be executed to satisfy both economic and environmental objectives and demands. Considering the importance of calculating PES schemes at the social equity and cooperative game (CG) levels, to quantitatively solve multi-objective problems, a water resources allocation model and multi-objective optimization are provided. The model consists of three modules that address the following processes: ① social equity mechanisms used to study water consumer associations, ② an optimal decision-making process based on variable intervals and CG theory, and ③ the use of Shapley values of CGs for profit maximization. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology for realizing sustainable development was examined. First, an optimization model with water allocation objective was developed based on sustainable water resources allocation framework that maximizes the net benefit of water use. Then, to meet water quality requirements, PES cost was estimated using trade-off curves among different pollution emission concentration permissions. Finally, to achieve equity and supply sufficient incentives for water resources protection, CG theory approaches were utilized to reallocate PES benefits. The potential of the developed model was examined by its application to a case study in the Yongding River watershed of China. Approximately 128 Mm3 of water flowed from the upper reach (Shanxi and Hebei Provinces) sections of the Yongding River to the lower reach (Beijing) in 2013. According to the calculated results, Beijing should pay USD6.31 M (¥39.03 M) for water-related ES to Shanxi and Hebei Provinces. The results reveal that the proposed methodology is an available tool that can be used for sustainable development with resolving PES amounts among different regions under social and environmental constraints by considering the characteristics of social equity and CGs.

  19. Much ado about mentors.

    PubMed

    Roch, G R

    1979-01-01

    An international management firm conducted a study of executives that included questions regarding compensations, personal data, and current position. It was of special interest to determine the effect of mentor and protege relationships on business careers. Of the individuals surveyed, two-thirds reported a relationship with a senior person who took a special interest in their career, during the first five years of their professional development. In general, executives who had a mentor are better educated, earn more money at an earlier age, more apt to follow a career plan and report high job satisfaction. The majority of sponsors are older businessmen holding positions of authority and who feel that personnel development and management succession are key responsibilities. The following characteristics of a mentor are judged most important: willingness to share experiences, knowledge of the organization, organizational power and respect from peers. Mentor-protege relationships frequently develop into lengthy friendships which in turn encourage young executives to eventually sponsor their own proteges.

  20. 75 FR 66621 - Reporting of Proxy Votes on Executive Compensation and Other Matters

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-28

    ... rule and form amendments under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of... and the Investment Company Act of 1940 (``Investment Company Act'').\\3\\ The Commission is also proposing a technical amendment to rule 30b1-4 under the Investment Company Act.\\4\\ \\1\\ 15 U.S.C. 78a et seq...

  1. Public Service through the State Government Workforce: Meeting the Challenge of Change. Executive Summary.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    State Univ. of New York, Albany. Nelson A. Rockefeller Inst. of Government.

    This report summarizes the findings of a New York State task force that studied the public work force of the state with a focus on preparing these workers for the future. Discussion of the task force was organized along four major topics of concern: recruiting, retention, and compensation; management style; education, training, and retraining; and…

  2. Intentionality as a link between the neuropsychology and the symptoms of schizophrenia.

    PubMed

    Kaiser, Stefan; Weisbrod, Matthias

    2007-01-01

    Cognitive deficits are an important feature of schizophrenia, particularly in the areas of working memory and executive function. However, their relationship to other clinical dimensions of the illness has remained elusive. We suggest that a phenomenological exploration of disordered intentionality in schizophrenia symptoms might provide us with a framework for understanding the role of cognitive deficits. We propose an understanding of intentionality as having a layered structure, which facilitates a mapping onto neuropsychological concepts. A disturbance of basic intentional processes can explain some of the 'positive' symptoms of schizophrenia. We focus on the temporal aspect of intentionality, which will be related to recent conceptions of prefrontal cortical function as the temporal organization of thought and behavior. A compensation of these basic disturbances leads to a 'minimization of change', which can explain some of the 'negative' symptoms. The compensatory strategies are thought to rely on the higher-order executive functions of the prefrontal cortex. These are also disturbed in schizophrenia, which often renders the process of compensation ineffective, leading to a fragmentation of thought and behavior. Thus the concept of intentionality might help us relate different aspects of prefrontal dysfunction to specific schizophrenic symptom clusters. (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  3. Brain-shift compensation using intraoperative ultrasound and constraint-based biomechanical simulation.

    PubMed

    Morin, Fanny; Courtecuisse, Hadrien; Reinertsen, Ingerid; Le Lann, Florian; Palombi, Olivier; Payan, Yohan; Chabanas, Matthieu

    2017-08-01

    During brain tumor surgery, planning and guidance are based on preoperative images which do not account for brain-shift. However, this deformation is a major source of error in image-guided neurosurgery and affects the accuracy of the procedure. In this paper, we present a constraint-based biomechanical simulation method to compensate for craniotomy-induced brain-shift that integrates the deformations of the blood vessels and cortical surface, using a single intraoperative ultrasound acquisition. Prior to surgery, a patient-specific biomechanical model is built from preoperative images, accounting for the vascular tree in the tumor region and brain soft tissues. Intraoperatively, a navigated ultrasound acquisition is performed directly in contact with the organ. Doppler and B-mode images are recorded simultaneously, enabling the extraction of the blood vessels and probe footprint, respectively. A constraint-based simulation is then executed to register the pre- and intraoperative vascular trees as well as the cortical surface with the probe footprint. Finally, preoperative images are updated to provide the surgeon with images corresponding to the current brain shape for navigation. The robustness of our method is first assessed using sparse and noisy synthetic data. In addition, quantitative results for five clinical cases are provided, first using landmarks set on blood vessels, then based on anatomical structures delineated in medical images. The average distances between paired vessels landmarks ranged from 3.51 to 7.32 (in mm) before compensation. With our method, on average 67% of the brain-shift is corrected (range [1.26; 2.33]) against 57% using one of the closest existing works (range [1.71; 2.84]). Finally, our method is proven to be fully compatible with a surgical workflow in terms of execution times and user interactions. In this paper, a new constraint-based biomechanical simulation method is proposed to compensate for craniotomy-induced brain-shift. While being efficient to correct this deformation, the method is fully integrable in a clinical process. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. Automated Instrumentation, Monitoring and Visualization of PVM Programs Using AIMS

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mehra, Pankaj; VanVoorst, Brian; Yan, Jerry; Tucker, Deanne (Technical Monitor)

    1994-01-01

    We present views and analysis of the execution of several PVM codes for Computational Fluid Dynamics on a network of Sparcstations, including (a) NAS Parallel benchmarks CG and MG (White, Alund and Sunderam 1993); (b) a multi-partitioning algorithm for NAS Parallel Benchmark SP (Wijngaart 1993); and (c) an overset grid flowsolver (Smith 1993). These views and analysis were obtained using our Automated Instrumentation and Monitoring System (AIMS) version 3.0, a toolkit for debugging the performance of PVM programs. We will describe the architecture, operation and application of AIMS. The AIMS toolkit contains (a) Xinstrument, which can automatically instrument various computational and communication constructs in message-passing parallel programs; (b) Monitor, a library of run-time trace-collection routines; (c) VK (Visual Kernel), an execution-animation tool with source-code clickback; and (d) Tally, a tool for statistical analysis of execution profiles. Currently, Xinstrument can handle C and Fortran77 programs using PVM 3.2.x; Monitor has been implemented and tested on Sun 4 systems running SunOS 4.1.2; and VK uses X11R5 and Motif 1.2. Data and views obtained using AIMS clearly illustrate several characteristic features of executing parallel programs on networked workstations: (a) the impact of long message latencies; (b) the impact of multiprogramming overheads and associated load imbalance; (c) cache and virtual-memory effects; and (4significant skews between workstation clocks. Interestingly, AIMS can compensate for constant skew (zero drift) by calibrating the skew between a parent and its spawned children. In addition, AIMS' skew-compensation algorithm can adjust timestamps in a way that eliminates physically impossible communications (e.g., messages going backwards in time). Our current efforts are directed toward creating new views to explain the observed performance of PVM programs. Some of the features planned for the near future include: (a) ConfigView, showing the physical topology of the virtual machine, inferred using specially formatted IP (Internet Protocol) packets; and (b) LoadView, synchronous animation of PVM-program execution and resource-utilization patterns.

  5. Working memory and executive functions: effects of training on academic achievement.

    PubMed

    Titz, Cora; Karbach, Julia

    2014-11-01

    The aim of this review is to illustrate the role of working memory and executive functions for scholastic achievement as an introduction to the question of whether and how working memory and executive control training may improve academic abilities. The review of current research showed limited but converging evidence for positive effects of process-based complex working-memory training on academic abilities, particularly in the domain of reading. These benefits occurred in children suffering from cognitive and academic deficits as well as in healthy students. Transfer of training to mathematical abilities seemed to be very limited and to depend on the training regime and the characteristics of the study sample. A core issue in training research is whether high- or low-achieving children benefit more from cognitive training. Individual differences in terms of training-related benefits suggested that process-based working memory and executive control training often induced compensation effects with larger benefits in low performing individuals. Finally, we discuss the effects of process-based training in relation to other types of interventions aimed at improving academic achievement.

  6. Feasibility Study for an Autonomous UAV - Magnetometer System

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-11-01

    collect data from multiple magnetometers at high sampling rates (~100 Hz), and associated with these acquisition systems are highly accurate...component for an UAV helicopter- magnetometer system is the ability to have precise positioning (both for flightpath execution and for data acquisition...discussed under section 6.3. Figure 6.11 shows the fluxgate data used to compensate a total field magnetometer as previously described. The red

  7. Linear positioning laser calibration setup of CNC machine tools

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sui, Xiulin; Yang, Congjing

    2002-10-01

    The linear positioning laser calibration setup of CNC machine tools is capable of executing machine tool laser calibraiotn and backlash compensation. Using this setup, hole locations on CNC machien tools will be correct and machien tool geometry will be evaluated and adjusted. Machien tool laser calibration and backlash compensation is a simple and straightforward process. First the setup is to 'find' the stroke limits of the axis. Then the laser head is then brought into correct alignment. Second is to move the machine axis to the other extreme, the laser head is now aligned, using rotation and elevation adjustments. Finally the machine is moved to the start position and final alignment is verified. The stroke of the machine, and the machine compensation interval dictate the amount of data required for each axis. These factors determine the amount of time required for a through compensation of the linear positioning accuracy. The Laser Calibrator System monitors the material temperature and the air density; this takes into consideration machine thermal growth and laser beam frequency. This linear positioning laser calibration setup can be used on CNC machine tools, CNC lathes, horizontal centers and vertical machining centers.

  8. How to save distressed IDS-physician marriages: a case study.

    PubMed

    Collins, H; Johnson, B A

    1998-04-01

    A hospital-driven IDS that encounters serious problems resulting from ownership of a physician practice should address those problems by focusing on three core areas: vision and leadership, effectiveness of operations, and physician compensation arrangements. If changes in these areas do not lead to improvements, the IDS may need to consider organizational restructuring. In one case study, a hospital-driven IDS faced the problem of owning a poorly performing MSO with a captive physician group. The IDS's governing board determined that the organization lacked effective communication with the physicians and that realization of the organization's vision would require greater physician involvement in organizational decision making. The organization is expected to undergo some corporate reorganization in which physicians will acquire an equity interest in the enterprise.

  9. Advanced techniques for mitigating the effects of temporal distortions in human in the loop control systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guo, Liwen

    The desire to create more complex visual scenes in modern flight simulators outpaces recent increases in processor speed. As a result, the simulation transport delay remains a problem. Because of the limitations shown in the three prominent existing delay compensators---the lead/lag filter, the McFarland compensator and the Sobiski/Cardullo predictor---new approaches of compensating the transport delay in a flight simulator have been developed. The first novel compensator is the adaptive predictor making use of the Kalman filter algorithm in a unique manner so that the predictor can provide accurately the desired amount of prediction, significantly reducing the large spikes caused by the McFarland predictor. Among several simplified online adaptive predictors it illustrates mathematically why the stochastic approximation algorithm achieves the best compensation results. A second novel approach employed a reference aircraft dynamics model to implement a state space predictor on a flight simulator. The practical implementation formed the filter state vector from the operator's control input and the aircraft states. The relationship between the reference model and the compensator performance was investigated in great detail, and the best performing reference model was selected for implementation in the final tests. Piloted simulation tests were conducted for assessing the effectiveness of the two novel compensators in comparison to the McFarland predictor and no compensation. Thirteen pilots with heterogeneous flight experience executed straight-in and offset approaches, at various delay configurations, on a flight simulator where different predictors were applied to compensate for transport delay. Four metrics---the glide slope and touchdown errors, power spectral density of the pilot control inputs, NASA Task Load Index, and Cooper-Harper rating on the handling qualities---were employed for the analyses. The overall analyses show that while the adaptive predictor results in slightly poorer compensation for short added delay (up to 48 ms) and better compensation for long added delay (up to 192 ms) than the McFarland compensator, the state space predictor is fairly superior for short delay and significantly superior for long delay to the McFarland compensator. The state space predictor also achieves better compensation than the adaptive predictor. The results of the evaluation on the effectiveness of these predictors in the piloted tests agree with those in the theoretical offline tests conducted with the recorded simulation aircraft states.

  10. CEOs and CFOs express concern about materials management.

    PubMed

    Kowalski, J C

    1998-05-01

    In a recent survey, CEOs and CFOs expressed concern regarding the effectiveness of their materials management departments. Both groups of executives would like to see more improvement in their materials managers' supply expense reduction efforts and leadership skills. More than a third of CFOs are even considering outsourcing the materials management function. Both CEOs and CFOs did admit, however, they needed to learn more about materials management, and both groups of executives could lend their authority to materials management programs to ensure their success. CEOs and CFOs need to reach consensus regard materials management priorities, performance levels, and professional characteristics and desired skills. They also should hold materials managers accountable for operations they can and should be managing by using performance-based compensation.

  11. Military Compensation: Past, Present and Future. Volume 1. Executive Summary.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1976-01-01

    Chapter 3 provides an overview of the current military compen- sation system -- i.e., the military pay and allowances system. The major subsystems to...research efforts produced processes for control of shrinkageof wool fabrics. In the US textile industry, wooliteis are nowtreated by these processes...led to development of .4,4continuous dyeing. Ilodern dyeing facilities of large textile • actories throughout the world trace their basic technology

  12. Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation (5th). Executive Summary.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-01-01

    COMBINATION Any proposed legislation to modify the current retire- ment system by reducing retired pay must stress the absolute requirement that a form of...Hazardous Duty Incentive Pays: — Parachute Duty — Flight Deck Duty -- Demolition Duty — Toxic Fuels and — Experimental Stress Duty Propellants — Non...3) Experimental Stress Duty Pay - an incentive for performance of hazardous duty while participating in acceleration/ deceleration testing, thermal

  13. 31 CFR 30.13 - Q-13: What actions are necessary for a TARP recipient to comply with section 111(e) of EESA (the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Q-13: What actions are necessary for a TARP recipient to comply with section 111(e) of EESA (the shareholder resolution on executive... Treasury TARP STANDARDS FOR COMPENSATION AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE § 30.13 Q-13: What actions are necessary...

  14. 31 CFR 30.13 - Q-13: What actions are necessary for a TARP recipient to comply with section 111(e) of EESA (the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Q-13: What actions are necessary for a TARP recipient to comply with section 111(e) of EESA (the shareholder resolution on executive... Treasury TARP STANDARDS FOR COMPENSATION AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE § 30.13 Q-13: What actions are necessary...

  15. 31 CFR 30.13 - Q-13: What actions are necessary for a TARP recipient to comply with section 111(e) of EESA (the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Q-13: What actions are necessary for a TARP recipient to comply with section 111(e) of EESA (the shareholder resolution on executive... Treasury TARP STANDARDS FOR COMPENSATION AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE § 30.13 Q-13: What actions are necessary...

  16. 31 CFR 30.13 - Q-13: What actions are necessary for a TARP recipient to comply with section 111(e) of EESA (the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Q-13: What actions are necessary for a TARP recipient to comply with section 111(e) of EESA (the shareholder resolution on executive... Treasury TARP STANDARDS FOR COMPENSATION AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE § 30.13 Q-13: What actions are necessary...

  17. The Compensatory ADHD Behaviors Scale (CABS): Development and Initial Validation.

    PubMed

    Castagna, Peter J; Roye, Scott; Calamia, Matthew

    2018-05-01

    Several measures are available that assess inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and executive functioning deficits. Treatments for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and skill-based academic interventions focus on improving compensatory strategies to ameliorate functional impairment; however, no measure exists that examines the compensatory behaviors adults utilize to compensate for the functional deficits associated with inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. The current study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Compensatory ADHD Behaviors Scale (CABS). Five-hundred participants ( M age = 36.83, SD = 11.57) completed measures of ADHD symptomatology, executive functioning, functional impairment, mood disorder symptoms, and the CABS. Analyses revealed that scales assessing both use and effectiveness of compensatory behaviors subscales had similar factor structures, reflecting present- and future-oriented behaviors. The present-, but not future-oriented, behaviors significantly related to ADHD symptomatology, executive dysfunction, and functional impairment; effectiveness of present-oriented compensatory behaviors demonstrated incremental validity in predicting impairment. Compensatory strategies may be a useful variable to measure when examining functional impairment associated with inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. The current study provides preliminary evidence of the ability of CABS to validly measure various strategies associated with (clinical and subclinical) ADHD symptomatology, executive functioning, and overall impairment.

  18. An independent race model involving an abort and re-plan strategy explains reach redirecting movements during planning and execution.

    PubMed

    Venkataramani, PrasannaVenkhatesh; Gopal, Atul; Murthy, Aditya

    2018-03-01

    Although race models have been extensively used to study inhibitory control, the mechanisms that enable change of reach plans in the context of race models remain unexplored. We used a redirect task in which targets occasionally changed their locations to study the control of reaching movements during movement planning and execution phases. We tested nine different race model architectures that could explain the redirect behavior of reaching movements. We show that an independent GO-STOP-GO model that reflects a plan-abort-re-plan strategy involving non-interacting elements successfully explained the various behavioral measures such as the compensation function and the pattern of error response reaction times. By extending the same race model to the execution phase, we could explain the extent and the pattern of hypometric trials. Interestingly, the race model also provided evidence that redirecting a movement during planning and execution shared the same inhibitory mechanism. Taken together, this study demonstrates the applicability of an independent race model to understand the computational mechanisms underlying the control of reach movements. © 2018 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  19. Assistive technology and learning disabilities: today's realities and tomorrow's promises.

    PubMed

    Lewis, R B

    1998-01-01

    Many forms of technology, both "high" and "low," can help individuals with learning disabilities capitalize on their strengths and bypass, or compensate for, their disabilities. This article surveys the current status of assistive technology for this population and reflects on future promises and potential problems. In addition, a model is presented for conceptualizing assistive technology in terms of the types of barriers it helps persons with disabilities to surmount. Several current technologies are described and the research supporting their effectiveness reviewed: word processing, computer-based instruction in reading and other academic areas, interactive videodisc interventions for math, and technologies for daily life. In conclusion, three themes related to the future success of assistive technology applications are discussed: equity of access to technology; ease of technology, use; and emergent technologies, such as virtual reality.

  20. Effects of disclosing financial interests on attitudes toward clinical research.

    PubMed

    Weinfurt, Kevin P; Hall, Mark A; Dinan, Michaela A; DePuy, Venita; Friedman, Joëlle Y; Allsbrook, Jennifer S; Sugarman, Jeremy

    2008-06-01

    The effects of disclosing financial interests to potential research participants are not well understood. To examine the effects of financial interest disclosures on potential research participants' attitudes toward clinical research. Computerized experiment conducted with 3,623 adults in the United States with either diabetes mellitus or asthma, grouped by lesser and greater severity. Respondents read a description of a hypothetical clinical trial relevant to their diagnosis that included a financial disclosure statement. Respondents received 1 of 5 disclosure statements. Willingness to participate in the hypothetical clinical trial, relative importance of information about the financial interest, change in trust after reading the disclosure statement, surprise regarding the financial interest, and perceived effect of the financial interest on the quality of the clinical trial. Willingness to participate in the hypothetical clinical trial did not differ substantially among the types of financial disclosures. Respondents viewed the disclosed information as less important than other factors in deciding to participate. Disclosures were associated with some respondents trusting the researchers less, although trust among some respondents increased. Most respondents were not surprised to learn of financial interests. Researchers owning equity were viewed as more troubling than researchers who were compensated for the costs of research through per capita payments. Aside from a researcher holding an equity interest, the disclosure to potential research participants of financial interests in research, as recommended in recent policies, is unlikely to affect willingness to participate in research.

  1. Reasoning, learning, and creativity: frontal lobe function and human decision-making.

    PubMed

    Collins, Anne; Koechlin, Etienne

    2012-01-01

    The frontal lobes subserve decision-making and executive control--that is, the selection and coordination of goal-directed behaviors. Current models of frontal executive function, however, do not explain human decision-making in everyday environments featuring uncertain, changing, and especially open-ended situations. Here, we propose a computational model of human executive function that clarifies this issue. Using behavioral experiments, we show that unlike others, the proposed model predicts human decisions and their variations across individuals in naturalistic situations. The model reveals that for driving action, the human frontal function monitors up to three/four concurrent behavioral strategies and infers online their ability to predict action outcomes: whenever one appears more reliable than unreliable, this strategy is chosen to guide the selection and learning of actions that maximize rewards. Otherwise, a new behavioral strategy is tentatively formed, partly from those stored in long-term memory, then probed, and if competitive confirmed to subsequently drive action. Thus, the human executive function has a monitoring capacity limited to three or four behavioral strategies. This limitation is compensated by the binary structure of executive control that in ambiguous and unknown situations promotes the exploration and creation of new behavioral strategies. The results support a model of human frontal function that integrates reasoning, learning, and creative abilities in the service of decision-making and adaptive behavior.

  2. Reasoning, Learning, and Creativity: Frontal Lobe Function and Human Decision-Making

    PubMed Central

    Collins, Anne; Koechlin, Etienne

    2012-01-01

    The frontal lobes subserve decision-making and executive control—that is, the selection and coordination of goal-directed behaviors. Current models of frontal executive function, however, do not explain human decision-making in everyday environments featuring uncertain, changing, and especially open-ended situations. Here, we propose a computational model of human executive function that clarifies this issue. Using behavioral experiments, we show that unlike others, the proposed model predicts human decisions and their variations across individuals in naturalistic situations. The model reveals that for driving action, the human frontal function monitors up to three/four concurrent behavioral strategies and infers online their ability to predict action outcomes: whenever one appears more reliable than unreliable, this strategy is chosen to guide the selection and learning of actions that maximize rewards. Otherwise, a new behavioral strategy is tentatively formed, partly from those stored in long-term memory, then probed, and if competitive confirmed to subsequently drive action. Thus, the human executive function has a monitoring capacity limited to three or four behavioral strategies. This limitation is compensated by the binary structure of executive control that in ambiguous and unknown situations promotes the exploration and creation of new behavioral strategies. The results support a model of human frontal function that integrates reasoning, learning, and creative abilities in the service of decision-making and adaptive behavior. PMID:22479152

  3. Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation (6th). Executive Summary. Volumes 1 thru 1C, and Volumes 2 thru 3

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-08-01

    initiatives that began to implemented in Fiscal Year 1986, and there is insufficient data as yet to assess their actual separate or interactive effects. a...opportunities for physicians and to stimulate interaction between military and civilian physicians in the educational environment. 0 Medical Direct Early...increases in the supply of physicians as previously detailed in this chapter. Pay alternatives are presented independently because the interactive

  4. Getting the Incentives Right: Improving Oral Health Equity With Universal School-Based Caries Prevention

    PubMed Central

    Niederman, Richard; Trescher, Anna-Lena; Listl, Stefan

    2017-01-01

    Despite significant financial, training, and program investments, US children’s caries experience and inequities continued to increase over the last 20 years. We posit that (1) dental insurance payment systems are not aligned with the current best evidence, exacerbating inequities, and (2) system redesign could meet health care’s triple aim and reduce children’s caries by 80%. On the basis of 2013 to 2016 Medicaid and private payment rates and the caries prevention literature, we find that effective preventive interventions are either (1) consistently compensated less than ineffective interventions or (2) not compensated at all. This economic and clinical misalignment may account for underuse of effective caries prevention and subsequent overuse of restorative care. We propose universal school-based comprehensive caries prevention to address this misalignment. Preliminary modeling suggests that universal caries prevention could eliminate 80% of children’s caries and cost less than one fifth of current Medicaid children’s oral health spending. If implemented with bundled payments based on cycle of care and measurable outcomes, there would be an alignment of incentives, best evidence, care, and outcomes. Such a program would meet the Healthy People Oral Health goals for children, as well as health care’s triple aim. PMID:28661798

  5. 76 FR 58849 - Legg Mason Partners Equity Trust, et al.;

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-22

    ...] Legg Mason Partners Equity Trust, et al.; Notice of Application September 15, 2011. AGENCY: Securities... Trust (``LMP Equity Trust''), Legg Mason Partners Variable Equity Trust (``LMP Variable Equity Trust'' and together with LMP Equity Trust, the ``Trusts''), Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (``LMPFA...

  6. Categorization of compensatory motions in transradial myoelectric prosthesis users.

    PubMed

    Hussaini, Ali; Zinck, Arthur; Kyberd, Peter

    2017-06-01

    Prosthesis users perform various compensatory motions to accommodate for the loss of the hand and wrist as well as the reduced functionality of a prosthetic hand. Investigate different compensation strategies that are performed by prosthesis users. Comparative analysis. A total of 20 able-bodied subjects and 4 prosthesis users performed a set of bimanual activities. Movements of the trunk and head were recorded using a motion capture system and a digital video recorder. Clinical motion angles were calculated to assess the compensatory motions made by the prosthesis users. The video recording also assisted in visually identifying the compensations. Compensatory motions by the prosthesis users were evident in the tasks performed (slicing and stirring activities) as compared to the benchmark of able-bodied subjects. Compensations took the form of a measured increase in range of motion, an observed adoption of a new posture during task execution, and prepositioning of items in the workspace prior to initiating a given task. Compensatory motions were performed by prosthesis users during the selected tasks. These can be categorized into three different types of compensations. Clinical relevance Proper identification and classification of compensatory motions performed by prosthesis users into three distinct forms allows clinicians and researchers to accurately identify and quantify movement. It will assist in evaluating new prosthetic interventions by providing distinct terminology that is easily understood and can be shared between research institutions.

  7. An IMU-Aided Body-Shadowing Error Compensation Method for Indoor Bluetooth Positioning

    PubMed Central

    Deng, Zhongliang

    2018-01-01

    Research on indoor positioning technologies has recently become a hotspot because of the huge social and economic potential of indoor location-based services (ILBS). Wireless positioning signals have a considerable attenuation in received signal strength (RSS) when transmitting through human bodies, which would cause significant ranging and positioning errors in RSS-based systems. This paper mainly focuses on the body-shadowing impairment of RSS-based ranging and positioning, and derives a mathematical expression of the relation between the body-shadowing effect and the positioning error. In addition, an inertial measurement unit-aided (IMU-aided) body-shadowing detection strategy is designed, and an error compensation model is established to mitigate the effect of body-shadowing. A Bluetooth positioning algorithm with body-shadowing error compensation (BP-BEC) is then proposed to improve both the positioning accuracy and the robustness in indoor body-shadowing environments. Experiments are conducted in two indoor test beds, and the performance of both the BP-BEC algorithm and the algorithms without body-shadowing error compensation (named no-BEC) is evaluated. The results show that the BP-BEC outperforms the no-BEC by about 60.1% and 73.6% in terms of positioning accuracy and robustness, respectively. Moreover, the execution time of the BP-BEC algorithm is also evaluated, and results show that the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm has an insignificant effect on real-time localization. PMID:29361718

  8. An IMU-Aided Body-Shadowing Error Compensation Method for Indoor Bluetooth Positioning.

    PubMed

    Deng, Zhongliang; Fu, Xiao; Wang, Hanhua

    2018-01-20

    Research on indoor positioning technologies has recently become a hotspot because of the huge social and economic potential of indoor location-based services (ILBS). Wireless positioning signals have a considerable attenuation in received signal strength (RSS) when transmitting through human bodies, which would cause significant ranging and positioning errors in RSS-based systems. This paper mainly focuses on the body-shadowing impairment of RSS-based ranging and positioning, and derives a mathematical expression of the relation between the body-shadowing effect and the positioning error. In addition, an inertial measurement unit-aided (IMU-aided) body-shadowing detection strategy is designed, and an error compensation model is established to mitigate the effect of body-shadowing. A Bluetooth positioning algorithm with body-shadowing error compensation (BP-BEC) is then proposed to improve both the positioning accuracy and the robustness in indoor body-shadowing environments. Experiments are conducted in two indoor test beds, and the performance of both the BP-BEC algorithm and the algorithms without body-shadowing error compensation (named no-BEC) is evaluated. The results show that the BP-BEC outperforms the no-BEC by about 60.1% and 73.6% in terms of positioning accuracy and robustness, respectively. Moreover, the execution time of the BP-BEC algorithm is also evaluated, and results show that the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm has an insignificant effect on real-time localization.

  9. Equity Index in the School Systems of Selected OECD Countries

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ozmusul, Mustafa

    2013-01-01

    The purpose of this study is to analysis the equity in the school systems of selected OECD countries. For this purpose, the international data for selected OECD countries was analyzed in terms of four dimensions of equity as learning equity, school resource equity, participating in education, and digital equity. When analyzing data, the equity…

  10. Reflecting on the politics of federal worker health and safety protections, 1962-2012: an interview with Donald Elisburg.

    PubMed

    Weinstock, Deborah

    2013-01-01

    Donald Elisburg has spent his career advocating on behalf of workers. Trained as a labor lawyer, Mr. Elisburg has legal, legislative, policy development, and executive management experience in the fields of labor standards, workers' compensation, environmental and occupational safety and health, wages and hours, and employment and training. In the interview, Elisburg shares his insights on how to move a bureaucracy to advance worker health and safety and workers' rights.

  11. An Institutional Analysis of the Lower Sheyenne River Basin, North Dakota: Sheyenne River Valley from Baldhill Dam to the Red River of the North, North Dakota,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1977-09-30

    When bonds to mature-- Callable before maturity 48 Commission to determine interest rate, form, denomina- tion, and execution of bonds 49 Officers whose...are limited in th:ir activity, however, sirce -hey nra without taxing, bonding , or assessment piwers (DeKrey, 1977). Soil conservation districts are...Qualification 04 Appointive members to qualify--Terms of office--Filling S vacancy 05 Officers--Office 06 Secretary-treasurer bond 07 Compensation and

  12. Examining Equity Sensitivity: An Investigation Using the Big Five and HEXACO Models of Personality.

    PubMed

    Woodley, Hayden J R; Bourdage, Joshua S; Ogunfowora, Babatunde; Nguyen, Brenda

    2015-01-01

    The construct of equity sensitivity describes an individual's preference about his/her desired input to outcome ratio. Individuals high on equity sensitivity tend to be more input oriented, and are often called "Benevolents." Individuals low on equity sensitivity are more outcome oriented, and are described as "Entitleds." Given that equity sensitivity has often been described as a trait, the purpose of the present study was to examine major personality correlates of equity sensitivity, so as to inform both the nature of equity sensitivity, and the potential processes through which certain broad personality traits may relate to outcomes. We examined the personality correlates of equity sensitivity across three studies (total N = 1170), two personality models (i.e., the Big Five and HEXACO), the two most common measures of equity sensitivity (i.e., the Equity Preference Questionnaire and Equity Sensitivity Inventory), and using both self and peer reports of personality (in Study 3). Although results varied somewhat across samples, the personality variables of Conscientiousness and Honesty-Humility, followed by Agreeableness, were the most robust predictors of equity sensitivity. Individuals higher on these traits were more likely to be Benevolents, whereas those lower on these traits were more likely to be Entitleds. Although some associations between Extraversion, Openness, and Neuroticism and equity sensitivity were observed, these were generally not robust. Overall, it appears that there are several prominent personality variables underlying equity sensitivity, and that the addition of the HEXACO model's dimension of Honesty-Humility substantially contributes to our understanding of equity sensitivity.

  13. Examining Equity Sensitivity: An Investigation Using the Big Five and HEXACO Models of Personality

    PubMed Central

    Woodley, Hayden J. R.; Bourdage, Joshua S.; Ogunfowora, Babatunde; Nguyen, Brenda

    2016-01-01

    The construct of equity sensitivity describes an individual's preference about his/her desired input to outcome ratio. Individuals high on equity sensitivity tend to be more input oriented, and are often called “Benevolents.” Individuals low on equity sensitivity are more outcome oriented, and are described as “Entitleds.” Given that equity sensitivity has often been described as a trait, the purpose of the present study was to examine major personality correlates of equity sensitivity, so as to inform both the nature of equity sensitivity, and the potential processes through which certain broad personality traits may relate to outcomes. We examined the personality correlates of equity sensitivity across three studies (total N = 1170), two personality models (i.e., the Big Five and HEXACO), the two most common measures of equity sensitivity (i.e., the Equity Preference Questionnaire and Equity Sensitivity Inventory), and using both self and peer reports of personality (in Study 3). Although results varied somewhat across samples, the personality variables of Conscientiousness and Honesty-Humility, followed by Agreeableness, were the most robust predictors of equity sensitivity. Individuals higher on these traits were more likely to be Benevolents, whereas those lower on these traits were more likely to be Entitleds. Although some associations between Extraversion, Openness, and Neuroticism and equity sensitivity were observed, these were generally not robust. Overall, it appears that there are several prominent personality variables underlying equity sensitivity, and that the addition of the HEXACO model's dimension of Honesty-Humility substantially contributes to our understanding of equity sensitivity. PMID:26779102

  14. Personality correlates of equity sensitivity for samples of Canadian, Bulgarian, and Mexican business people.

    PubMed

    Mintu-Wimsatt, Alma; Madjourova-Davri, Anna; Lozada, Héctor R

    2008-02-01

    Equity sensitivity concerns perceptions of what is or is not equitable. Previous studies have shown that equity sensitivity is associated with one's relationship orientation. Relationships are also influenced by personality variables. As both personality and equity sensitivity influence relationships, equity sensitivity and personality may be correlated also; so, this study examined that possibility. The relations of equity sensitivity with 3 personality variables were explored across three culturally different samples. This allowed validation across cultures of the proposed equity-personality relationship which has traditionally been assessed in a U.S. setting. In general, personality-equity sensitivity relationship was not supported across the samples.

  15. Rethinking Equity--There Are Alternatives.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Picus, Lawrence O.

    1998-01-01

    Defines "equity" in terms of three concepts (horizontal equity, vertical equity, and fiscal neutrality), summarizes school finance litigation history, and presents alternative distribution formats to improve student achievement. Enhancing equity and efficiency requires reallocation of existing resources, incentives for improved performance, a more…

  16. Compensatory motor control after stroke: an alternative joint strategy for object-dependent shaping of hand posture.

    PubMed

    Raghavan, Preeti; Santello, Marco; Gordon, Andrew M; Krakauer, John W

    2010-06-01

    Efficient grasping requires planned and accurate coordination of finger movements to approximate the shape of an object before contact. In healthy subjects, hand shaping is known to occur early in reach under predominantly feedforward control. In patients with hemiparesis after stroke, execution of coordinated digit motion during grasping is impaired as a result of damage to the corticospinal tract. The question addressed here is whether patients with hemiparesis are able to compensate for their execution deficit with a qualitatively different grasp strategy that still allows them to differentiate hand posture to object shape. Subjects grasped a rectangular, concave, and convex object while wearing an instrumented glove. Reach-to-grasp was divided into three phases based on wrist kinematics: reach acceleration (reach onset to peak horizontal wrist velocity), reach deceleration (peak horizontal wrist velocity to reach offset), and grasp (reach offset to lift-off). Patients showed reduced finger abduction, proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) flexion, and metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) extension at object grasp across all three shapes compared with controls; however, they were able to partially differentiate hand posture for the convex and concave shapes using a compensatory strategy that involved increased MCP flexion rather than the PIP flexion seen in controls. Interestingly, shape-specific hand postures did not unfold initially during reach acceleration as seen in controls, but instead evolved later during reach deceleration, which suggests increased reliance on sensory feedback. These results indicate that kinematic analysis can identify and quantify within-limb compensatory motor control strategies after stroke. From a clinical perspective, quantitative study of compensation is important to better understand the process of recovery from brain injury. From a motor control perspective, compensation can be considered a model for how joint redundancy is exploited to accomplish the task goal through redistribution of work across effectors.

  17. The future of global health education: training for equity in global health.

    PubMed

    Adams, Lisa V; Wagner, Claire M; Nutt, Cameron T; Binagwaho, Agnes

    2016-11-21

    Among academic institutions in the United States, interest in global health has grown substantially: by the number of students seeking global health opportunities at all stages of training, and by the increase in institutional partnerships and newly established centers, institutes, and initiatives to house global health programs at undergraduate, public health and medical schools. Witnessing this remarkable growth should compel health educators to question whether the training and guidance that we provide to students today is appropriate, and whether it will be applicable in the next decade and beyond. Given that "global health" did not exist as an academic discipline in the United States 20 years ago, what can we expect it will look like 20 years from now and how can we prepare for that future? Most clinicians and trainees today recognize the importance of true partnership and capacity building in both directions for successful international collaborations. The challenge is in the execution of these practices. There are projects around the world where this is occurring and equitable partnerships have been established. Based on our experience and observations of the current landscape of academic global health, we share a perspective on principles of engagement, highlighting instances where partnerships have thrived, and examples of where we, as a global community, have fallen short. As the world moves beyond the charity model of global health (and its colonial roots), it is evident that the issue underlying ethical global health practice is partnership and the pursuit of health equity. Thus, achieving equity in global health education and practice ought to be central to our mission as educators and advisors when preparing trainees for careers in this field. Seeking to eliminate health inequities wherever they are ingrained will reveal the injustices around the globe and in our own cities and towns.

  18. Health equity in humanitarian emergencies: a role for evidence aid.

    PubMed

    Pottie, Kevin

    2015-02-01

    Humanitarian emergencies require a range of planned and coordinated actions: security, healthcare, and, as this article highlights, health equity responses. Health equity is an evidence-based science that aims to address unfair and unjust health inequality outcomes. New approaches are using health equity to guide the development of community programs, equity methods are being used to identify disadvantaged groups that may face health inequities in a humanitarian emergency, and equity is being used to prevent unintended harms and consequences in interventions. Limitations to health equity approaches include acquiring sufficient data to make equity interpretations, integrating disadvantage populations in to the equity approach, and ensuring buy-in from decision-makers. This article uses examples from World Health Organization, Refugee Health Guidelines and Health Impact Assessment to demonstrate the emerging role for health equity in humanitarian emergencies. It is based on a presentation at the Evidence Aid Symposium, on 20 September 2014, at Hyderabad, India. © 2015 Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

  19. Equity trade-offs in conservation decision making.

    PubMed

    Law, Elizabeth A; Bennett, Nathan J; Ives, Christopher D; Friedman, Rachel; Davis, Katrina J; Archibald, Carla; Wilson, Kerrie A

    2018-04-01

    Conservation decisions increasingly involve multiple environmental and social objectives, which result in complex decision contexts with high potential for trade-offs. Improving social equity is one such objective that is often considered an enabler of successful outcomes and a virtuous ideal in itself. Despite its idealized importance in conservation policy, social equity is often highly simplified or ill-defined and is applied uncritically. What constitutes equitable outcomes and processes is highly normative and subject to ethical deliberation. Different ethical frameworks may lead to different conceptions of equity through alternative perspectives of what is good or right. This can lead to different and potentially conflicting equity objectives in practice. We promote a more transparent, nuanced, and pluralistic conceptualization of equity in conservation decision making that particularly recognizes where multidimensional equity objectives may conflict. To help identify and mitigate ethical conflicts and avoid cases of good intentions producing bad outcomes, we encourage a more analytical incorporation of equity into conservation decision making particularly during mechanistic integration of equity objectives. We recommend that in conservation planning motivations and objectives for equity be made explicit within the problem context, methods used to incorporate equity objectives be applied with respect to stated objectives, and, should objectives dictate, evaluation of equity outcomes and adaptation of strategies be employed during policy implementation. © 2017 Society for Conservation Biology.

  20. Confronting the Equity "Learning Problem" through Practitioner Inquiry

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ching, Cheryl D.

    2018-01-01

    This study examined how participation in an inquiry-based workshop on assessing course syllabi for equity-mindedness and cultural inclusivity fostered community college math faculty learning about racial/ethnic equity and equity-mindedness. Findings show that the workshop prompted reflection on what equity means and how participants' teaching…

  1. GRADE equity guidelines 4: considering health equity in GRADE guideline development: evidence to decision process.

    PubMed

    Pottie, Kevin; Welch, Vivian; Morton, Rachael; Akl, Elie A; Eslava-Schmalbach, Javier H; Katikireddi, Vittal; Singh, Jasvinder; Moja, Lorenzo; Lang, Eddy; Magrini, Nicola; Thabane, Lehana; Stanev, Roger; Matovinovic, Elizabeth; Snellman, Alexandra; Briel, Matthias; Shea, Beverly; Tugwell, Peter; Schunemann, Holger; Guyatt, Gordon; Alonso-Coello, Pablo

    2017-10-01

    The aim of this paper is to provide detailed guidance on how to incorporate health equity within the GRADE (Grading Recommendations Assessment and Development Evidence) evidence to decision process. We developed this guidance based on the GRADE evidence to decision framework, iteratively reviewing and modifying draft documents, in person discussion of project group members and input from other GRADE members. Considering the impact on health equity may be required, both in general guidelines and guidelines that focus on disadvantaged populations. We suggest two approaches to incorporate equity considerations: (1) assessing the potential impact of interventions on equity and (2) incorporating equity considerations when judging or weighing each of the evidence to decision criteria. We provide guidance and include illustrative examples. Guideline panels should consider the impact of recommendations on health equity with attention to remote and underserviced settings and disadvantaged populations. Guideline panels may wish to incorporate equity judgments across the evidence to decision framework. This is the fourth and final paper in a series about considering equity in the GRADE guideline development process. This series is coming from the GRADE equity subgroup. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. A Racial Equity Toolkit for Midwifery Organizations.

    PubMed

    Gordon, Wendy M

    2016-11-01

    Midwifery associations are increasing awareness and commitment to racial equity in the profession and in the communities we serve. Moving these commitments from words into action may be facilitated by a racial equity toolkit to help guide midwifery organizations to consider all policies, initiatives, and actions with a racial equity lens. Racial equity impact analyses have been used in recent years by various governmental agencies in the United States and abroad with positive results, and emerging literature indicates that nonprofit organizations are having similarly positive results. This article proposes a framework for midwifery organizations to incorporate a racial equity toolkit, starting with explicit intentions of the organization with regard to racial equity in the profession. Indicators of success are elucidated as the next step, followed by the use of a racial equity impact analysis worksheet. This worksheet is applied by teams or committees when considering new policies or initiatives to examine those actions through a racial equity lens. An organizational change team and equity advisory groups are essential in assisting organizational leadership to forecast potential negative and positive impacts. Examples of the components of a midwifery-specific racial equity toolkit are included. © 2016 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives.

  3. New thinking on how to link executive pay with performance.

    PubMed

    Rappaport, A

    1999-01-01

    As the stock market began its ascent in the mid-1990s, executive pay--always the subject of heated debate--mounted along with it. That's because among the largest U.S. companies, stock options now account for more than half of total CEO compensation and about 30% of senior operating managers' pay. One problem became particularly clear during the bull market's astonishing run: even below-average performers reap huge gains from stock options when the market is rising rapidly. The author proposes steps to close the gap between existing compensation practices and those needed to promote higher levels of achievement at all levels of the corporation. For top managers, he recommends replacing conventional stock options with options that are tied to a market or peer index. Below-average performers would not be rewarded under such plans; superior performers could, depending on the way plans were structured, receive even more. He notes that managers at the business unit level should not be judged on the company's stock price--over which they have little control--and advocates an approach that accurately measures the value added by each unit. Finally, he suggests how certain indicators of value can be used to measure the contribution of frontline managers and employees. The concept of pay for performance has gained wide acceptance, but the link between incentive pay and superior performance is still too weak. Reforms must be adopted at all levels of the organization. Shareholders will applaud changes in pay schemes that motivate companies to deliver more value.

  4. Gender Equity Expert Panel: Exemplary & Promising Gender Equity Programs, 2000.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Department of Education, Washington, DC.

    The U.S. Department of Education developed the Gender Equity Expert Panel to identify promising and exemplary programs that promote gender equity in and through education. This panel of experts reviewed self-nominated programs to determine whether they met four criteria: evidence of success/effectiveness in promoting gender equity; quality of the…

  5. 20 CFR 408.914 - When would overpayment recovery be against equity and good conscience?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... equity and good conscience? 408.914 Section 408.914 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION... Svb Overpayments § 408.914 When would overpayment recovery be against equity and good conscience? We... would be against equity and good conscience. Recovery would be against equity and good conscience if you...

  6. Equity Analytics: A Methodological Approach for Quantifying Participation Patterns in Mathematics Classroom Discourse

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Reinholz, Daniel L.; Shah, Niral

    2018-01-01

    Equity in mathematics classroom discourse is a pressing concern, but analyzing issues of equity using observational tools remains a challenge. In this article, we propose equity analytics as a quantitative approach to analyzing aspects of equity and inequity in classrooms. We introduce a classroom observation tool that focuses on relatively…

  7. A framework for regional primary health care to organise actions to address health inequities.

    PubMed

    Freeman, Toby; Javanparast, Sara; Baum, Fran; Ziersch, Anna; Mackean, Tamara

    2018-06-01

    Regional primary health-care organisations plan, co-ordinate, and fund some primary health-care services in a designated region. This article presents a framework for examining the equity performance of regional primary health-care organisations, and applies it to Australian Medicare Locals (funded from 2011 to 2015). The framework was developed based on theory, literature, and researcher deliberation. Data were drawn from Medicare Local documents, an online survey of 210 senior Medicare Local staff, and interviews with 50 survey respondents. The framework encompassed equity in planning, collection of equity data, community engagement, and strategies to address equity in access, health outcomes, and social determinants of health. When the framework was applied to Medicare Locals, their inclusion of equity as a goal, collection of equity data, community engagement, and actions improving equity of access were strong, but there were gaps in broader advocacy, and strategies to address social determinants of health, and equity in quality of care. The equity framework allows a platform for advancing knowledge and international comparison of the health equity efforts of regional primary health-care organisations.

  8. Towards environmental health equity in health impact assessment: innovations and opportunities.

    PubMed

    Buse, Chris G; Lai, Valerie; Cornish, Katie; Parkes, Margot W

    2018-06-18

    As global environmental change drives inequitable health outcomes, novel health equity assessment methodologies are increasingly required. We review literatures on equity-focused HIA to clarify how equity is informing HIA practice, and to surface innovations for assessing health equity in relation to a range of exposures across geographic and temporal scales. A narrative review of the health equity and HIA literatures analysed English articles published between 2003 and 2017 across PubMed, PubMed Central, Biomed Central and Ovid Medline. Title and abstract reviews of 849 search results yielded 89 articles receiving full text review. Considerations of equity in HIA increased over the last 5 years, but equity continues to be conflated with health disparities rather than their root causes (i.e. inequities). Lessons from six literatures to inform future HIA practice are described: HIA for healthy cities, climate change vulnerability assessment, cumulative health risk assessment, intersectionality-based policy analysis, corporate health impact assessment and global health impact assessment. Academic reporting on incorporating equity in HIA practice has been limited. Nonetheless, significant methodological advancements are being made to examine the health equity implications of multiple environmental exposures.

  9. How just and just how? A systematic review of social equity in conservation research

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Friedman, Rachel S.; Law, Elizabeth A.; Bennett, Nathan J.; Ives, Christopher D.; Thorn, Jessica P. R.; Wilson, Kerrie A.

    2018-05-01

    Background: Conservation decisions not only impact wildlife, habitat, and environmental health, but also human wellbeing and social justice. The inclusion of safeguards and equity considerations in the conservation field has increasingly garnered attention in international policy processes and amongst conservation practitioners. Yet, what constitutes an ‘equitable’ solution can take many forms, and how the concept is treated within conservation research is not standardized. This review explores how social equity is conceptualized and assessed in conservation research. Methods/Design: Using a structured search and screening process, we identified 138 peer-reviewed studies that addressed equity in relation to conservation actions. The authors developed a coding framework to guide the review process, focusing on the current state of, definitions used for, and means of assessing social equity in empirical conservation research. Review Results: Results show that empirical research on social equity in conservation is rapidly growing, with the majority of studies on the topic published only since 2009. Equity within conservation research is skewed toward distributional concerns and to a lesser extent procedural issues, with recognition and contextual equity receiving little attention. Studies are primarily situated in forested biomes of the Global South. Conservation interventions mostly resulted in mixed or negative impacts on equity. Synthesis and Discussion: Our results demonstrate the current limitations of research on equity in conservation, and raise challenging questions about the social impacts of conservation and how to ameliorate equity concerns. Framing of equity within conservation research would benefit from greater transparency of study motivation, more explicit definition of how equity is used within the study context, and consideration for how best to assess it. We recommend that the empirical conservation literature more deeply engage with different notions of equity when studying, planning, and implementing actions to address potential trade-offs among equity and conservation objectives and beneficiaries.

  10. Gender, race, and meritocracy in organizational careers.

    PubMed

    Castilla, Emilio J

    2008-05-01

    This study helps to fill a significant gap in the literature on organizations and inequality by investigating the central role of merit-based reward systems in shaping gender and racial disparities in wages and promotions. The author develops and tests a set of propositions isolating processes of performance-reward bias, whereby women and minorities receive less compensation than white men with equal scores on performance evaluations. Using personnel data from a large service organization, the author empirically establishes the existence of this bias and shows that gender, race, and nationality differences continue to affect salary growth after performance ratings are taken into account, ceteris paribus. This finding demonstrates a critical challenge faced by the many contemporary employers who adopt merit-based practices and policies. Although these policies are often adopted in the hope of motivating employees and ensuring meritocracy, policies with limited transparency and accountability can actually increase ascriptive bias and reduce equity in the workplace.

  11. Bargaining and the MISO Interference Channel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nokleby, Matthew; Swindlehurst, A. Lee

    2009-12-01

    We examine the MISO interference channel under cooperative bargaining theory. Bargaining approaches such as the Nash and Kalai-Smorodinsky solutions have previously been used in wireless networks to strike a balance between max-sum efficiency and max-min equity in users' rates. However, cooperative bargaining for the MISO interference channel has only been studied extensively for the two-user case. We present an algorithm that finds the optimal Kalai-Smorodinsky beamformers for an arbitrary number of users. We also consider joint scheduling and beamformer selection, using gradient ascent to find a stationary point of the Kalai-Smorodinsky objective function. When interference is strong, the flexibility allowed by scheduling compensates for the performance loss due to local optimization. Finally, we explore the benefits of power control, showing that power control provides nontrivial throughput gains when the number of transmitter/receiver pairs is greater than the number of transmit antennas.

  12. Effect of education on listening comprehension of sentences on healthy elderly: analysis of number of correct responses and task execution time.

    PubMed

    Silagi, Marcela Lima; Rabelo, Camila Maia; Schochat, Eliane; Mansur, Letícia Lessa

    2017-11-13

    To analyze the effect of education on sentence listening comprehension on cognitively healthy elderly. A total of 111 healthy elderly, aged 60-80 years of both genders were divided into two groups according to educational level: low education (0-8 years of formal education) and high education (≥9 years of formal education). The participants were assessed using the Revised Token Test, an instrument that supports the evaluation of auditory comprehension of orders with different working memory and syntactic complexity demands. The indicators used for performance analysis were the number of correct responses (accuracy analysis) and task execution time (temporal analysis) in the different blocks. The low educated group had a lower number of correct responses than the high educated group on all blocks of the test. In the temporal analysis, participants with low education had longer execution time for commands on the first four blocks related to working memory. However, the two groups had similar execution time for blocks more related to syntactic comprehension. Education influenced sentence listening comprehension on elderly. Temporal analysis allowed to infer over the relationship between comprehension and other cognitive abilities, and to observe that the low educated elderly did not use effective compensation strategies to improve their performances on the task. Therefore, low educational level, associated with aging, may potentialize the risks for language decline.

  13. A New Measure for Neural Compensation Is Positively Correlated With Working Memory and Gait Speed.

    PubMed

    Ji, Lanxin; Pearlson, Godfrey D; Hawkins, Keith A; Steffens, David C; Guo, Hua; Wang, Lihong

    2018-01-01

    Neuroimaging studies suggest that older adults may compensate for declines in brain function and cognition through reorganization of neural resources. A limitation of prior research is reliance on between-group comparisons of neural activation (e.g., younger vs. older), which cannot be used to assess compensatory ability quantitatively. It is also unclear about the relationship between compensatory ability with cognitive function or how other factors such as physical exercise modulates compensatory ability. Here, we proposed a data-driven method to semi-quantitatively measure neural compensation under a challenging cognitive task, and we then explored connections between neural compensation to cognitive engagement and cognitive reserve (CR). Functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired for 26 healthy older adults during a face-name memory task. Spatial independent component analysis (ICA) identified visual, attentional and left executive as core networks. Results show that the smaller the volumes of the gray matter (GM) structures within core networks, the more networks were needed to conduct the task ( r = -0.408, p = 0.035). Therefore, the number of task-activated networks controlling for the GM volume within core networks was defined as a measure of neural compensatory ability. We found that compensatory ability correlated with working memory performance ( r = 0.528, p = 0.035). Among subjects with good memory task performance, those with higher CR used fewer networks than subjects with lower CR. Among poor-performance subjects, those using more networks had higher CR. Our results indicated that using a high cognitive-demanding task to measure the number of activated neural networks could be a useful and sensitive measure of neural compensation in older adults.

  14. Three-dimensional tool radius compensation for multi-axis peripheral milling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Youdong; Wang, Tianmiao

    2013-05-01

    Few function about 3D tool radius compensation is applied to generating executable motion control commands in the existing computer numerical control (CNC) systems. Once the tool radius is changed, especially in the case of tool size changing with tool wear in machining, a new NC program has to be recreated. A generic 3D tool radius compensation method for multi-axis peripheral milling in CNC systems is presented. The offset path is calculated by offsetting the tool path along the direction of the offset vector with a given distance. The offset vector is perpendicular to both the tangent vector of the tool path and the orientation vector of the tool axis relative to the workpiece. The orientation vector equations of the tool axis relative to the workpiece are obtained through homogeneous coordinate transformation matrix and forward kinematics of generalized kinematics model of multi-axis machine tools. To avoid cutting into the corner formed by the two adjacent tool paths, the coordinates of offset path at the intersection point have been calculated according to the transition type that is determined by the angle between the two tool path tangent vectors at the corner. Through the verification by the solid cutting simulation software VERICUT® with different tool radiuses on a table-tilting type five-axis machine tool, and by the real machining experiment of machining a soup spoon on a five-axis machine tool with the developed CNC system, the effectiveness of the proposed 3D tool radius compensation method is confirmed. The proposed compensation method can be suitable for all kinds of three- to five-axis machine tools as a general form.

  15. Pricing foreign equity option with stochastic volatility

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sun, Qi; Xu, Weidong

    2015-11-01

    In this paper we propose a general foreign equity option pricing framework that unifies the vast foreign equity option pricing literature and incorporates the stochastic volatility into foreign equity option pricing. Under our framework, the time-changed Lévy processes are used to model the underlying assets price of foreign equity option and the closed form pricing formula is obtained through the use of characteristic function methodology. Numerical tests indicate that stochastic volatility has a dramatic effect on the foreign equity option prices.

  16. Financial tools to induce cooperation in power asymmetrical water systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Denaro, Simona; Castelletti, Andrea; Giuliani, Matteo; Characklis, Gregory W.

    2017-04-01

    In multi-purpose water systems, power asymmetry is often responsible of inefficient and inequitable water allocations. Climate Change and anthropogenic pressure are expected to exacerbate such disparities at the expense of already disadvantaged groups. The intervention of a third party, charged with redefining water sharing policies to give greater consideration to equity and social justice, may be desirable. Nevertheless, to be accepted by private actors, this interposition should be coupled with some form of compensation. For a public agency, compensation measures may be burdensome, especially when the allowance is triggered by natural events whose timing and magnitude are subject to uncertainty. In this context, index based insurance contracts may represent a viable alternative option and reduce the cost of achieving socially desirable outcomes. In this study we explore soft measures to achieve global change mitigation by designing a hybrid coordination mechanism composed of i) a direct normative constraint and ii) an indirect financial compensatory tool. The performance of an index-based insurance (i.e. hedging) contract to be used as a compensation tool is evaluated relative to more traditional alternatives. First, the performance of the status quo system, or baseline (BL), is contrasted to an idealized scenario in which a central planner (CP) maximizes global efficiency. Then, the CP management is analyzed in order to identify an efficient water rights redistribution to be legally imposed on the advantaged stakeholders in the BL scenario. Finally, a hedging contract is designed to compensate those stakeholders more negatively affected by the legal constraint. The approach is demonstrated on a multi-purpose water system in Italy, where different decision makers individually manage the same resource. The system is characterized by a manifest power asymmetry: the upstream users, i.e., hydropower companies, are free to release their stored water in time irrespective of the timing of downstream users, i.e., farmers, demands. This situation can lead to financial losses by the farmers, an already disadvantaged group, and, as demonstrated by previous work, lead the global system to underperform. Results suggest that financial hedging tools may offer a reliable and relatively inexpensive alternative to other forms of compensation, and thereby favor more equitable management of multi-purpose water systems characterized by power asymmetry. This finding is especially relevant in times where granting of licenses to use/withdrawal water are often being reviewed with attention to environmental protection and social justice issues.

  17. Practice patterns, satisfaction, and demographics of reproductive endocrinologists: results of the 2014 Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Workforce Survey.

    PubMed

    Barnhart, Kurt T; Nakajima, Steven T; Puscheck, Elizabeth; Price, Thomas M; Baker, Valerie L; Segars, James

    2016-05-01

    To identify the current and future state of the practice of reproductive medicine. Cross-sectional survey. Not applicable. None. Not applicable. The survey included 57 questions designed to assess practice patterns/metrics and professional satisfaction and morale. A total of 336/1,100 (31%) responded, and they were 38% women, 61% men, and 76% Caucasian, with a mean age of 54. Respondents averaged 2.3 jobs and averaged 53 hours of work per week: 44% work in academia and 50% in private groups. Average practice size was 5.5, with an average of 470 fresh IVF cycles performed per year. Percent effort included 63% infertility, 10% endocrinology, 10% surgery, and 9% research. Respondents performed an average of 13 major surgeries, 69 minor surgeries, and 128 oocyte retrievals per year. A total of 60% were salaried, and 40% were equity partners. Compensation was highly skewed. Greater than 84% had a positive morale and had a positive view of the future, and 92% would again choose REI as a career. The most satisfying areas of employment were patient interactions, intellectual stimulation, interactions with colleagues, and work schedule. The least satisfying areas were work schedule and financial compensation. Training was felt to be too focused on female factor infertility and basic research with insufficient training on embryology, genetics, male factor infertility, and clinical research. In the next 5 years, 57% suggested that the need for specialists would stay the same, while 20% predicted a decrease. A total of 58% felt we are training the correct number of fellows (37% felt we are training a surplus). Compared with academia, those in private practice reported higher compensation, less major surgery, more IVF, less endocrinology, and less research. Men worked more hours, conducted more surgery and IVF cycles, and had higher compensation than women. Morale was similar across age, gender, practice type, and geography. Our subspecialty has an extremely high morale. We are a middle-aged subspecialty with disparate compensation and a focused practice. Some respondents sense a need for a change in our training, and most anticipate only mild growth in our field. Copyright © 2016 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Evaluation of Rigid-Body Motion Compensation in Cardiac Perfusion SPECT Employing Polar-Map Quantification

    PubMed Central

    Pretorius, P. Hendrik; Johnson, Karen L.; King, Michael A.

    2016-01-01

    We have recently been successful in the development and testing of rigid-body motion tracking, estimation and compensation for cardiac perfusion SPECT based on a visual tracking system (VTS). The goal of this study was to evaluate in patients the effectiveness of our rigid-body motion compensation strategy. Sixty-four patient volunteers were asked to remain motionless or execute some predefined body motion during an additional second stress perfusion acquisition. Acquisitions were performed using the standard clinical protocol with 64 projections acquired through 180 degrees. All data were reconstructed with an ordered-subsets expectation-maximization (OSEM) algorithm using 4 projections per subset and 5 iterations. All physical degradation factors were addressed (attenuation, scatter, and distance dependent resolution), while a 3-dimensional Gaussian rotator was used during reconstruction to correct for six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) rigid-body motion estimated by the VTS. Polar map quantification was employed to evaluate compensation techniques. In 54.7% of the uncorrected second stress studies there was a statistically significant difference in the polar maps, and in 45.3% this made a difference in the interpretation of segmental perfusion. Motion correction reduced the impact of motion such that with it 32.8 % of the polar maps were statistically significantly different, and in 14.1% this difference changed the interpretation of segmental perfusion. The improvement shown in polar map quantitation translated to visually improved uniformity of the SPECT slices. PMID:28042170

  19. Skin movement artefact assessment and compensation in the estimation of knee-joint kinematics.

    PubMed

    Lucchetti, L; Cappozzo, A; Cappello, A; Della Croce, U

    1998-11-01

    In three dimensional (3-D) human movement analysis using close-range photogrammetry, surface marker clusters deform and rigidly move relative to the underlying bone. This introduces an important artefact (skin movement artefact) which propagates to bone position and orientation and joint kinematics estimates. This occurs to the extent that those joint attitude components that undergo small variations result in totally unreliable values. This paper presents an experimental and analytical procedure, to be included in a subject-specific movement analysis protocol, which allows for the assessment of skin movement artefacts and, based on this knowledge, for their compensation. The effectiveness of this procedure was verified with reference to knee-joint kinematics and to the artefacts caused by the hip movements on markers located on the thigh surface. Quantitative validation was achieved through experimental paradigms whereby prior reliable information on the target joint kinematics was available. When position and orientation of bones were determined during the execution of a motor task, using a least-squares optimal estimator, but the rigid artefactual marker cluster movement was not dealt with, then knee joint translations and rotations were affected by root mean square errors (r.m.s.) up to 14 mm and 6 degrees, respectively. When the rigid artefactual movement was also compensated for, then r.m.s errors were reduced to less than 4 mm and 3 degrees, respectively. In addition, errors originally strongly correlated with hip rotations, after compensation, lost this correlation.

  20. Finnish NGOs promoting health equity in the context of welfare economy.

    PubMed

    Rouvinen-Wilenius, Päivi; Ahokas, Jussi; Kiukas, Vertti; Aalto-Kallio, Mervi

    2018-04-05

    Health inequality is a national challenge in Finland. The WHO global strategy of Health for All implies that all people should have an equal opportunity to develop and maintain their health through fair and just access to health resources. This article examines the role of Finnish Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) in strengthening the health equity. The article presents the strategy and specific criteria constructed by the NGOs to promote health equity in society. The health equity criteria and welfare economy strategy are combined to a framework which NGOs can utilize in their work to promote health equity. The welfare economy strategy describes the important issues that NGOs have to address when working towards a specific societal goal, in this case equity. The health equity criteria in turn are an instrument for the practical implementation of the preconditions of equity.

  1. GRADE equity guidelines 1: considering health equity in GRADE guideline development: introduction and rationale.

    PubMed

    Welch, Vivian A; Akl, Elie A; Guyatt, Gordon; Pottie, Kevin; Eslava-Schmalbach, Javier; Ansari, Mohammed T; de Beer, Hans; Briel, Matthias; Dans, Tony; Dans, Inday; Hultcrantz, Monica; Jull, Janet; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Meerpohl, Joerg; Morton, Rachael; Mosdol, Annhild; Petkovic, Jennifer; Schünemann, Holger J; Sharaf, Ravi N; Singh, Jasvinder A; Stanev, Roger; Tonia, Thomy; Tristan, Mario; Vitols, Sigurd; Watine, Joseph; Tugwell, Peter

    2017-10-01

    This article introduces the rationale and methods for explicitly considering health equity in the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology for development of clinical, public health, and health system guidelines. We searched for guideline methodology articles, conceptual articles about health equity, and examples of guidelines that considered health equity explicitly. We held three meetings with GRADE Working Group members and invited comments from the GRADE Working Group listserve. We developed three articles on incorporating equity considerations into the overall approach to guideline development, rating certainty, and assembling the evidence base and evidence to decision and/or recommendation. Clinical and public health guidelines have a role to play in promoting health equity by explicitly considering equity in the process of guideline development. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. Probing links between action perception and action production in Parkinson's disease using Fitts' law.

    PubMed

    Sakurada, Takeshi; Knoblich, Guenther; Sebanz, Natalie; Muramatsu, Shin-Ichi; Hirai, Masahiro

    2018-03-01

    Information on how the subcortical brain encodes information required to execute actions or to evaluate others' actions remains scanty. To clarify this link, Fitts'-law tasks for perception and execution were tested in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). For the perception task, participants were shown apparent motion displays of a person moving their arm between two identical targets and reported whether they judged that the person could realistically move at the perceived speed without missing the targets. For the motor task, participants were required to touch the two targets as quickly and accurately as possible, similarly to the person observed in the perception task. In both tasks, the PD group exhibited, or imputed to others, significantly slower performances than those of the control group. However, in both groups, the relationships of perception and execution with task difficulty were exactly those predicted by Fitts' law. This suggests that despite dysfunction of the subcortical region, motor simulation abilities reflected mechanisms of compensation in the PD group. Moreover, we found that patients with PD had difficulty in switching their strategy for estimating others' actions when asked to do so. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Equity and Life-Long Learning: An Analysis of White Paper No. 16 (2006/2007) of Norway

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Haugen, Cecilie Ronning

    2010-01-01

    Nationally and internationally equity in education has become a key goal. In Norway, a White Paper has been tabled to address how equity can be improved through education. In this paper the pedagogic and knowledge orientation of the initiatives are analyzed and discussed in relation to two models of equity: "equity through equality" and…

  4. [Informational analysis of global health equity studies based on database of Web of Science].

    PubMed

    Zhao, Bo; Cui, Lei; Guo, Yan

    2011-06-18

    To present the history of global health equity studies and provide reference for the selection of topics of China's health equity study. In this article citations on the subject of health equity from Web of Science (WOS) were analyzed and 60 papers concerned which were cited more than 30 times selected. Through the co-citation cluster analysis combined with the content analysis of the highly-cited papers, this article attempted to cluster them into several significant categories. Then we analyzed their strategic importance in the field of health equity by drawing citation strategic diagrams. Six hot topics in health equity studies were as follows: health service equity, the relationship between health service demand and utilization; definitions of health equity; socioeconomic status and mortality, income distribution and health, and the measurement of health inequity. Income distribution and health was the biggest concern and the measurement of health inequity was of the greatest novelty. Conducting empirical analyses on the effect of social determinants (including socioeconomic status, social network and psychosocial status etc.) on health by means of health equity measurements marks the development trend of health equity study.

  5. Developing Agency for Equity-Minded Change

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Felix, Eric R.; Bensimon, Estela Mara; Hanson, Debbie; Gray, James; Klingsmith, Libby

    2015-01-01

    This chapter highlights the use of the Equity Scorecard with the Community College of Aurora. The Equity Scorecard is a theory-based strategy that assists community colleges in embedding equity into their institutional norms, practices, and policies.

  6. Advancing Efforts to Achieve Health Equity: Equity Metrics for Health Impact Assessment Practice

    PubMed Central

    Heller, Jonathan; Givens, Marjory L.; Yuen, Tina K.; Gould, Solange; Benkhalti Jandu, Maria; Bourcier, Emily; Choi, Tim

    2014-01-01

    Equity is a core value of Health Impact Assessment (HIA). Many compelling moral, economic, and health arguments exist for prioritizing and incorporating equity considerations in HIA practice. Decision-makers, stakeholders, and HIA practitioners see the value of HIAs in uncovering the impacts of policy and planning decisions on various population subgroups, developing and prioritizing specific actions that promote or protect health equity, and using the process to empower marginalized communities. There have been several HIA frameworks developed to guide the inclusion of equity considerations. However, the field lacks clear indicators for measuring whether an HIA advanced equity. This article describes the development of a set of equity metrics that aim to guide and evaluate progress toward equity in HIA practice. These metrics also intend to further push the field to deepen its practice and commitment to equity in each phase of an HIA. Over the course of a year, the Society of Practitioners of Health Impact Assessment (SOPHIA) Equity Working Group took part in a consensus process to develop these process and outcome metrics. The metrics were piloted, reviewed, and refined based on feedback from reviewers. The Equity Metrics are comprised of 23 measures of equity organized into four outcomes: (1) the HIA process and products focused on equity; (2) the HIA process built the capacity and ability of communities facing health inequities to engage in future HIAs and in decision-making more generally; (3) the HIA resulted in a shift in power benefiting communities facing inequities; and (4) the HIA contributed to changes that reduced health inequities and inequities in the social and environmental determinants of health. The metrics are comprised of a measurement scale, examples of high scoring activities, potential data sources, and example interview questions to gather data and guide evaluators on scoring each metric. PMID:25347193

  7. Installation Restoration Program. Phase I. Records Search, Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-04-01

    and Liability Act . (CERCLA) of 1980, Executive Order 12316, and 40 CFR 300 Subpart F O* (National Oil and Hazardous Substances Contigency Plan...response action on USAF installations under the provisions of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, as...COMBAT ICBT, OPSRA1ON$ MAINI’IPAIICE MAKGIMEIE WPPloTn GROP OIEGRO UP FIOSPITAL, 441 SM)tsU SUPLY 14O SIC 2 SP 447 SM S o u R M I3 1 1 5 E EE2 TENANT

  8. Sarbanes-Oxley raises red flag for not-for-profits.

    PubMed

    O'Hare, Patrick K

    2002-10-01

    In the near future, not-for-profits likely will feel the effects of these Sarbanes-Oxley directives: Establish audit committees with independent membership (precluding senior managers from being members) and make corresponding changes to corporate bylaws; Meet a higher standard for financial reporting, including increased disclosure and system certification representations as part of annual audits; Adopt a code of ethics for senior financial officers; Avoid senior executive compensation packages involving personal loans from the corporation; Ensure that board members are appropriately qualified and free of conflicts of interest.l

  9. Equity Effects of the Educational Finance Act in South Carolina.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cohn, Elchanan

    1984-01-01

    Equity impacts of school finance reform in South Carolina are studied with the aid of 15 different measures of equity. Results indicate considerable equity improvements in the state from 1978 to 1982. (Author/MLF)

  10. Integrating Equity in a Public Health Funding Strategy.

    PubMed

    Joseph, Kristy T; Rice, Ketra; Li, Chunyu

    2016-01-01

    Equity can be valuable to guide decision makers about where to target funds; however, there are few studies for modeling vertical equity in public health program funding strategies. This case study modeled vertical equity in the funding strategy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Colorectal Cancer Control Program. To integrate vertical equity by using historical funding and health data, we (a) examined the need for colorectal cancer screening, (b) conducted multiple regressions to examine the relationship between factors of need and funding of states, (c) stratified states into similar need groups, (d) estimated vertical equity within groups, and (e) assessed equity in the funding distribution. Certain states with similar needs had high relative funding, whereas other states with similar needs had low relative funding. The methods used to integrate vertical equity in this case study could be applied in publicly funded programs to potentially minimize inequities and improve outcomes.

  11. How open innovation can help you cope in lean times.

    PubMed

    Chesbrough, Henry W; Garman, Andrew R

    2009-12-01

    A recession often forces you to cut R&D as you refocus on your core. But innovation need not go by the wayside. By placing certain assets and projects outside your walls, you can actually preserve opportunities for future growth while you shore up the fortress. Chesbrough, of Haas School of Business, and Garman, of New Venture Partners, identify five strategic moves that open the door to innovation by, ironically, letting it out of the house. Some inside-out moves permit outside firms to invest in and develop your projects; others call for spinning off projects as separate ventures that still allow you to retain some equity. Whatever the specific approach, you can meet the inherent cultural and organizational challenges of inside-out open innovation by approaching it holistically and placing it under the leadership of senior executives in strategic roles.

  12. Fostering cooperation in power asymmetrical water systems by the use of direct release rules and index-based insurance schemes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Denaro, Simona; Castelletti, Andrea; Giuliani, Matteo; Characklis, Gregory W.

    2018-05-01

    In river basin systems, power asymmetry is often responsible of inefficient and unbalanced water allocations. Climate change and anthropogenic pressure will possibly exacerbate such disparities as the dominant party controls an increasingly limited shared resource. In this context, the deployment of cooperation mechanisms giving greater consideration to a balanced distribution of the benefits, while improving system-wide efficiency, may be desirable. This often implies the intervention of a third party (e.g., the river basin water authority) imposing normative constraints (e.g., a minimum release) on the party in the dominant position. However, this imposition will be more acceptable to the dominant party if coupled with some form of compensation. For a public agency, compensation may be burdensome, especially when the allowance is triggered by natural events whose timing and magnitude are highly uncertain. In this context, index-based insurance contracts may represent a viable alternative and reduce the cost of achieving socially desirable outcomes. In this paper, we develop a hybrid cooperation mechanism composed of i) a direct normative constraint imposed by a regulator, and ii) an indirect financial tool, an index-based insurance contract, to be used as a compensation measure. The approach is developed for the Lake Como multi-purpose water system, Italy: a complex Alpine river basin, supporting several hydropower reservoirs and finally flowing into a regulated lake which supplies water to several downstream uses, mostly irrigated agriculture. The system is characterized by a manifest geographic power asymmetry: the upstream hydropower companies are free to release their stored water in time irrespective of the timing of the downstream demands. This situation can lead to financial losses by the downstream users and undesirable social outcomes. Results suggest that financial instruments may offer a reliable and relatively inexpensive alternative to other forms of compensation, and thereby favor more balanced management of multi-purpose water systems characterized by power asymmetry. This finding is especially relevant in times when granting of licenses to use/withdrawal water are often being reviewed with attention to environmental protection and equity issues.

  13. Race Equity and Inclusion Action Guide. Embracing Equity: 7 Steps to Advance and Embed Race Equity and Inclusion within Your Organization

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2014

    2014-01-01

    Advancing race equity and inclusion can sometimes seem daunting and often leaves many wondering how and where to start. One way to achieve social change in an organization is to incorporate race equity and inclusion at every stage of work. The seven steps in this guide provide a clear framework for undertaking this important work. This tool adds…

  14. Inquiry as an entry point to equity in the classroom

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tang, Gail; El Turkey, Houssein; Cilli-Turner, Emily; Savic, Milos; Karakok, Gulden; Plaxco, David

    2017-11-01

    Although many policy documents include equity as part of mathematics education standards and principles, researchers continue to explore means by which equity might be supported in classrooms and at the institutional level. Teaching practices that include opportunities for students to engage in active learning have been proposed to address equity. In this paper, through aligning some characteristics of inquiry put forth by Cook, Murphy and Fukawa-Connelly with Gutiérrez's dimensions of equity, we theoretically explore the ways in which active learning teaching practices that focus on inquiry could support equity in the classroom.

  15. 75 FR 48661 - Equity and Excellence Commission

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-11

    ... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Equity and Excellence Commission AGENCY: U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights. ACTION: Notice of Establishment of the Equity and Excellence Commission. SUMMARY: The U.S. Secretary of Education (Secretary) announces the establishment of the Equity and Excellence...

  16. Inadequate Progress for Women in Academic Medicine: Findings from the National Faculty Study

    PubMed Central

    Gunn, Christine M.; Kaplan, Samantha A.; Raj, Anita; Freund, Karen M.

    2015-01-01

    Abstract Background: Women have entered academic medicine in significant numbers for 4 decades and now comprise 20% of full-time faculty. Despite this, women have not reached senior positions in parity with men. We sought to explore the gender climate in academic medicine as perceived by representatives to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Group on Women in Medicine and Science (GWIMS) and Group on Diversity and Inclusion (GDI). Methods: We conducted a qualitative analysis of semistructured telephone interviews with GWIMS and GDI representatives and other senior leaders at 24 randomly selected medical schools of the 1995 National Faculty Study. All were in the continental United States, balanced for public/private status and AAMC geographic region. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and organized into content areas before an inductive thematic analysis was conducted. Themes that were expressed by multiple informants were studied for patterns of association. Results: Five themes were identified: (1) a perceived wide spectrum in gender climate; (2) lack of parity in rank and leadership by gender; (3) lack of retention of women in academic medicine (the “leaky pipeline”); (4) lack of gender equity in compensation; and (5) a disproportionate burden of family responsibilities and work-life balance on women's career progression. Conclusions: Key informants described improvements in the climate of academic medicine for women as modest. Medical schools were noted to vary by department in the gender experience of women, often with no institutional oversight. Our findings speak to the need for systematic review by medical schools and by accrediting organizations to achieve gender equity in academic medicine. PMID:25658907

  17. Inadequate progress for women in academic medicine: findings from the National Faculty Study.

    PubMed

    Carr, Phyllis L; Gunn, Christine M; Kaplan, Samantha A; Raj, Anita; Freund, Karen M

    2015-03-01

    Women have entered academic medicine in significant numbers for 4 decades and now comprise 20% of full-time faculty. Despite this, women have not reached senior positions in parity with men. We sought to explore the gender climate in academic medicine as perceived by representatives to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Group on Women in Medicine and Science (GWIMS) and Group on Diversity and Inclusion (GDI). We conducted a qualitative analysis of semistructured telephone interviews with GWIMS and GDI representatives and other senior leaders at 24 randomly selected medical schools of the 1995 National Faculty Study. All were in the continental United States, balanced for public/private status and AAMC geographic region. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and organized into content areas before an inductive thematic analysis was conducted. Themes that were expressed by multiple informants were studied for patterns of association. Five themes were identified: (1) a perceived wide spectrum in gender climate; (2) lack of parity in rank and leadership by gender; (3) lack of retention of women in academic medicine (the "leaky pipeline"); (4) lack of gender equity in compensation; and (5) a disproportionate burden of family responsibilities and work-life balance on women's career progression. Key informants described improvements in the climate of academic medicine for women as modest. Medical schools were noted to vary by department in the gender experience of women, often with no institutional oversight. Our findings speak to the need for systematic review by medical schools and by accrediting organizations to achieve gender equity in academic medicine.

  18. Setting priorities for knowledge translation of Cochrane reviews for health equity: Evidence for Equity.

    PubMed

    Tugwell, Peter; Petkovic, Jennifer; Welch, Vivian; Vincent, Jennifer; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Churchill, Rachel; deSavigny, Don; Mbuagbaw, Lawrence; Pantoja, Tomas

    2017-12-02

    A focus on equity in health can be seen in many global development goals and reports, research and international declarations. With the development of a relevant framework and methods, the Campbell and Cochrane Equity Methods Group has encouraged the application of an 'equity lens' to systematic reviews, and many organizations publish reviews intended to address health equity. The purpose of the Evidence for Equity (E4E) project was to conduct a priority-setting exercise and apply an equity lens by developing a knowledge translation product comprising summaries of systematic reviews from the Cochrane Library. E4E translates evidence from systematic reviews into 'friendly front end' summaries for policy makers. The following topic areas with high burdens of disease globally, were selected for the pilot: diabetes/obesity, HIV/AIDS, malaria, nutrition, and mental health/depression. For each topic area, a "stakeholder panel" was assembled that included policymakers and researchers. A systematic search of Cochrane reviews was conducted for each area to identify equity-relevant interventions with a meaningful impact. Panel chairs developed a rating sheet which was used by all panels to rank the importance of these interventions by: 1) Ease of Implementation; 2) Health System Requirements; 3)Universality/Generalizability/Share of Burden; and 4) Impact on Inequities/Effect on equity. The ratings of panel members were averaged for each intervention and criterion, and interventions were ordered according to the average overall ratings. Stakeholder panels identified the top 10 interventions from their respective topic areas. The evidence on these interventions is being summarized with an equity focus and the results posted online, at http://methods.cochrane.org/equity/e4e-series . This method provides an explicit approach to setting priorities by systematic review groups and funders for providing decision makers with evidence for the most important equity-relevant interventions.

  19. 7 CFR 662.3 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE MISCELLANEOUS REGIONAL EQUITY § 662.3 Applicability. The regulation in this part sets forth the policies and procedures for the Regional Equity provision as administered by the NRCS. This regulation applies to the Regional Equity programs defined in this part. The Chief will implement the Regional Equity...

  20. 7 CFR 662.3 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE MISCELLANEOUS REGIONAL EQUITY § 662.3 Applicability. The regulation in this part sets forth the policies and procedures for the Regional Equity provision as administered by the NRCS. This regulation applies to the Regional Equity programs defined in this part. The Chief will implement the Regional Equity...

  1. Vocational Equity Resources from the Vocational Equity Resource Center.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Vocational Studies Center.

    This catalog identifies and describes 767 written and audiovisual resources on equity available on loan from the Vocational Equity Resource and Technical Assistance Center in Madison, Wisconsin. The publication lists materials under 44 headings: affirmative action, aging, apprenticeship, assessment instruments, bias-free communications,…

  2. The Equity of Public Education Funding in Georgia, 1988-1996.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rubenstein, Ross; Doering, Dwight; Gess, Larry

    2000-01-01

    Employs school funding formulas enacted under Georgia's Quality Basic Education Act to explore changes in interdistrict equity over time. Regarding overall distribution of per-pupil resources across districts (horizontal equity) and for special- needs students (vertical equity), dispersion measures approach Odden and Picus' suggested equity…

  3. 33 CFR 385.19 - Environmental and economic equity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Environmental and economic equity... Implementation Processes § 385.19 Environmental and economic equity. (a) Project Management Plans and Program Management Plans shall include information concerning any environmental and economic equity activities to be...

  4. 33 CFR 385.19 - Environmental and economic equity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Environmental and economic equity... Implementation Processes § 385.19 Environmental and economic equity. (a) Project Management Plans and Program Management Plans shall include information concerning any environmental and economic equity activities to be...

  5. 33 CFR 385.19 - Environmental and economic equity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Environmental and economic equity... Implementation Processes § 385.19 Environmental and economic equity. (a) Project Management Plans and Program Management Plans shall include information concerning any environmental and economic equity activities to be...

  6. 33 CFR 385.19 - Environmental and economic equity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Environmental and economic equity... Implementation Processes § 385.19 Environmental and economic equity. (a) Project Management Plans and Program Management Plans shall include information concerning any environmental and economic equity activities to be...

  7. 33 CFR 385.19 - Environmental and economic equity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Environmental and economic equity... Implementation Processes § 385.19 Environmental and economic equity. (a) Project Management Plans and Program Management Plans shall include information concerning any environmental and economic equity activities to be...

  8. 5 CFR 831.1403 - Equity and good conscience.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Equity and good conscience. 831.1403... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) RETIREMENT Standards for Waiver of Overpayments § 831.1403 Equity and good conscience. (a) Defined. Recovery is against equity and good conscience when— (1) It would cause financial...

  9. Understanding Gender-Based Wage Discrimination: Legal Interpretation and Trends of Pay Equity in Higher Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Luna, Gaye

    1990-01-01

    Traces the history of laws and litigation concerning pay equity issues, also referred to as wage equity and comparable worth. Suggests that universities and colleges identify possible problems and take voluntary corrective measures before pay-equity problems arise. (MLF)

  10. Global Equity Gauge Alliance: reflections on early experiences.

    PubMed

    McCoy, David; Bambas, Lexi; Acurio, David; Baya, Banza; Bhuiya, Abbas; Chowdhury, A Mushtaque R; Grisurapong, Siriwan; Liu, Yuanli; Ngom, Pierre; Ngulube, Thabale J; Ntuli, Antoinette; Sanders, David; Vega, Jeanette; Shukla, Abhay; Braveman, Paula A

    2003-09-01

    The paper traces the evolution and working of the Global Equity Gauge Alliance (GEGA) and its efforts to promote health equity. GEGA places health equity squarely within a larger framework of social justice, linking findings on socioeconomic and health inequalities with differentials in power, wealth, and prestige in society. The Alliance's 11 country-level partners, called Equity Gauges, share a common action-based vision and framework called the Equity Gauge Strategy. An Equity Gauge seeks to reduce health inequities through three broad spheres of action, referred to as the 'pillars' of the Equity Gauge Strategy, which define a set of interconnected and overlapping actions. Measuring and tracking the inequalities and interpreting their ethical import are pursued through the Assessment and Monitoring pillar. This information provides an evidence base that can be used in strategic ways for influencing policy-makers through actions in the Advocacy pillar and for supporting grassroots groups and civil society through actions in the Community Empowerment pillar. The paper provides examples of strategies for promoting pro-equity policy and social change and reviews experiences and lessons, both in terms of technical success of interventions and in relation to the conceptual development and refinement of the Equity Gauge Strategy and overall direction of the Alliance. To become most effective in furthering health equity at both national and global levels, the Alliance must now reach out to and involve a wider range of organizations, groups, and actors at both national and international levels. Sustainability of this promising experiment depends, in part, on adequate resources but also on the ability to attract and develop talented leadership.

  11. Schools Achieving Gender Equity.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Revis, Emma

    This guide is designed to assist teachers presenting the Schools Achieving Gender Equity (SAGE) curriculum for vocational education students, which was developed to align gender equity concepts with the Kentucky Education Reform Act (KERA). Included in the guide are lesson plans for classes on the following topics: legal issues of gender equity,…

  12. Collaborative Inquiry for Equity: Discipline and Discomfort

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Winkelman, Peg

    2012-01-01

    In this study the discipline of collaborative inquiry is employed to prepare aspiring administrators to lead for equity. Educational leadership students are required to conduct a site-based collaborative inquiry resulting in an Equity Plan signature assignment. As they develop their Equity Plans, emerging leaders also participate in a…

  13. Taxpayer Equity in School Finance Reform: The School Finance and the Public Finance Perspectives.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Berne, Robert; Stiefel, Leanna

    1979-01-01

    Elaborates on distinctions between different formulations of taxpayer equity. First, taxpayer equity is examined from the school finance perspective, then notions of taxpayer equity that are more consistent with public finance views, but that can and have been applied to education, are introduced. (Author/IRT)

  14. Gender Equity and Mass Communication's Female Student Majority.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Golombisky, Kim

    2002-01-01

    Provides an overview of the history and politics of gender equity to make problematic the phrase "gender equity," to introduce the gender equity in education literature, and to outline some issues relevant to mass communication. Suggests that equal access represents a sex-blind approach dependent on a male standard. (SG)

  15. 5 CFR 845.303 - Equity and good conscience.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Equity and good conscience. 845.303... Overpayments § 845.303 Equity and good conscience. Recovery is against equity and good conscience when— (a) It... right or has changed positions for the worse; or (c) Recovery would be unconscionable under the...

  16. Reviving Pay Equity: New Strategies for Attacking the Wage Gap.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kahn, Peggy; Figart, Deborah M.

    1998-01-01

    Pay equity remains a problem linked to the problem of low pay. Pay equity must be understood as one solution to the problem of securing a living wage for women and men in the restructuring economy as well as a means for challenging gender equity. (JOW)

  17. The Tensions between Shared Governance and Advancing Educational Equity

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Castagno, Angelina E.; Hausman, Charles

    2017-01-01

    This article examines the relationship between shared governance and one school district's (in)ability to advance educational equity. Specifically, we consider the district's policies, discourse, and practice around equity within the context of site-based management and shared decision making. We suggest that if equity is indeed a major district…

  18. 19 CFR 351.507 - Equity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... of a government-provided equity infusion, a benefit exists to the extent that the investment decision... regarding the provision of risk capital, in the country in which the equity infusion is made. See section... paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section, the Secretary will consider an equity infusion as being inconsistent...

  19. School Facilities Equity in California: An Empirical Study.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lowe, Davison Duane

    This is an equity study, focusing on the crowdedness and adequacy of California's public school facilities. Facilities data are from a 1988 state survey and include information about building space, age of facilities, air conditioning, and construction type. The research focuses on two equity principles: horizontal equity and facilities…

  20. Executive function moderates the role of muscular fitness in determining functional mobility in older adults.

    PubMed

    Forte, Roberta; Pesce, Caterina; Leite, Joao Costa; De Vito, Giuseppe; Gibney, Eileen R; Tomporowski, Phillip D; Boreham, Colin A G

    2013-06-01

    Both physical and cognitive factors are known to independently predict functional mobility in older people. However, the combined predictive value of both physical fitness and cognitive factors on functional mobility has been less investigated. The aim of the present study was to assess if cognitive executive functions moderate the role of physical fitness in determining functional mobility of older individuals. Fifty-seven 65- to 75-year-old healthy participants performed tests of functional mobility (habitual and maximal walking speed, maximal walking speed while picking up objects/stepping over obstacles), physical fitness (peak power, knee extensors torque, back/lower limb flexibility, aerobic fitness), and executive function (inhibition and cognitive flexibility). Maximal walking speeds were predicted by physical fitness parameters and their interaction with cognitive factors. Knee extensor torque emerged as the main predictor of all tested locomotor performances at maximal speed. The effect of peak power and back/lower limb flexibility was moderated by executive functions. In particular, inhibition and cognitive flexibility differed in the way in which they moderate the role of fitness. High levels of cognitive flexibility seem necessary to take advantage of leg power for walking at maximal speed. In contrast, high levels of inhibitory capacity seem to compensate for low levels of back/lower limb flexibility when picking up movements are added to a locomotor task. These findings may have important practical implications for the design and implementation of multi-component training programs aimed at optimizing functional abilities in older adults.

  1. Gender equity.

    PubMed

    Shiva, M

    1999-01-01

    This paper focuses on gender equity. Gender equity is difficult to achieve when there is no economic, social, or political equity. The Gender Development Index evidenced this. There were a lot of instances where women are psychologically traumatized, whether it is through domestic rape, purchased sexual services in the red light area, and seduction or violation of neighbors, relatives, daughter or child. The economic changes linked with globalization and media's influence have worsened women's position. The policy for empowerment of women is an attempt toward ensuring equity. Furthermore, many women and women's organizations are trying to address these inequities; wherein they fight for strong acceptance of women's rights, social, economic, and political rights, as well as equities between gender and within gender.

  2. Impact of terrorism and political instability on equity premium: Evidence from Pakistan

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    MengYun, Wu; Imran, Muhammad; Zakaria, Muhammad; Linrong, Zhang; Farooq, Muhammad Umer; Muhammad, Shah Khalid

    2018-02-01

    The study quantifies the impact of terrorism and political instability on firm equity premium in Pakistan using panel data for 306 non-financial firms for the period 2001 to 2014. Other variables included are law & order, government regime change and financial crisis of 2007/08. The estimated results reveal that terrorism has statistically significant negative impact on firm equity premium in Pakistan. This result is robust with alternative equation specifications. The result also remains same when terrorism variable is replaced with external and internal conflict variables. Law & order variable has significant positive effect on firm equity premium, which implies that equity premium increases with the improvement in law & order situation in the country. Equity premium also increases with government stability and when there is democratic system in the country. The result also reveals that global financial crisis of 2007/08 negatively influenced the firm equity premium. The study suggests some policy implications.

  3. VTAE Equity Staff Development Workshops and Services--Phase II. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Baldus, Lorayne; Nelson, Orville

    The Phase II Equity Staff Development project was revised in response to a need to develop an equity strategic planning model with a vision statement, goals, and objectives. The Equity Strategic Planning Model was presented to administrators of Wisconsin Vocational, Technical, and Adult Education (VTAE) colleges for their use in district strategic…

  4. 42 CFR 413.157 - Return on equity capital of proprietary providers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Return on equity capital of proprietary providers... Capital-Related Costs § 413.157 Return on equity capital of proprietary providers. (a) Definitions. For... proprietary hospitals and SNFs. (b) General rule. A reasonable return on equity capital invested and used in...

  5. 12 CFR 5.36 - Other equity investments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Other equity investments. 5.36 Section 5.36... PROCEDURES FOR CORPORATE ACTIVITIES Expansion of Activities § 5.36 Other equity investments. (a) Authority... types of equity investments pursuant to 12 U.S.C. 24(Seventh) and other statutes. These investments are...

  6. 12 CFR 5.36 - Other equity investments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Other equity investments. 5.36 Section 5.36... PROCEDURES FOR CORPORATE ACTIVITIES Expansion of Activities § 5.36 Other equity investments. (a) Authority... types of equity investments pursuant to 12 U.S.C. 24(Seventh) and other statutes. These investments are...

  7. Equity in Education: Opportunities and Challenges In A Changing Sri Lanka

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sedere, Upali M.

    2010-01-01

    Equity is a major concern for all development actors. Although Sri Lanka has successfully addressed equity issues in education sector there are unresolved factors and variables those perpetuate inequity. There are emerging new equity issues those that Sri Lanka needs to address. The changing population dynamics and the huge middle class population…

  8. 77 FR 1545 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-10

    ... Equities Rule 7400 Series, the Order Audit Trail System (``OATS'') Rules, for Equity Trading Permit (``ETP... Change Extending the Implementation Date of the NYSE Arca Equities Rule 7400 Series, the Order Audit Trail System Rules, for Equity Trading Permit Holders That Are Not Financial Industry Regulatory...

  9. Students as Policy Actors: The TDSB Equity Foundation Statement and Commitments to Equity Policy

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ferfolja, Tania

    2013-01-01

    Discrimination on the basis of homophobia/transphobia in many schools is an internationally recognised problem. The Toronto District School Board's (TDSB) Equity Foundation Statement and Commitments to Equity Policy (EFS) provides an explicit mandate to schools in its jurisdiction to address such discrimination and educate about sexual and…

  10. 78 FR 57650 - Announcement of Funding Awards for the Self-Help Homeownership Opportunity Program (SHOP) for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-19

    ... significant amount of sweat equity towards the development of the SHOP units. Sweat equity involves... SHOP funds together with the homebuyer's sweat equity and volunteer labor contributions significantly... sweat equity contribution must not be mortgaged or otherwise restricted upon future sale of the SHOP...

  11. The Gender Equity Expert Panel: A Dissemination Model.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fox, Lynn; Ortman, Patricia

    2000-01-01

    Describes the purposes and evolution of the Gender Equity Expert Panel, a federally sponsored effort to recognize interventions, products, and practices promoting gender equity. Explains key aspects of the Panel, shares lessons learned, and explores the Panel's potential value for furthering the cause of gender equity in education and as a model…

  12. 22 CFR 17.4 - Equity and good conscience.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Equity and good conscience. 17.4 Section 17.4... PENSION SYSTEM (FSPS) § 17.4 Equity and good conscience. (a) Defined. Recovery is against equity and good... a valuable right or changed positions for the worse; or (3) Recovery could be unconscionable under...

  13. 31 CFR 29.523 - Equity and good conscience.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Equity and good conscience. 29.523... Standards for Waiver of Overpayments § 29.523 Equity and good conscience. Recovery is against equity and good conscience when there is substantial evidence that— (a) It would cause financial hardship to the...

  14. What Informs and Inspires the Work of Equity Minded Teachers

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tuters, Stephanie

    2017-01-01

    This article explores teachers' reasons for engaging in equity work. Although multiple bodies of literature discuss teaching for equity from different perspectives, little empirical data exists about what informs or motivates people to teach for equity. This study aims to help fill that gap in existing research with the purpose of informing…

  15. Framework for Evaluation of Equity Initiatives

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bexley, Emmaline; Harris, Kerri-Lee; James, Richard

    2010-01-01

    The Framework for Evaluation of Equity Initiatives has been prepared to support the Go8 Equity Strategy. Its purpose is to assist Group of Eight (Go8) universities to evaluate the effectiveness of their equity initiatives and interventions in the context of federal policies and the distinctive missions and responsibilities of the individual Go8…

  16. Equity in Spanish/English Dual Language Education: Practitioners' Perspectives

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sugarman, Julie Sarice

    2012-01-01

    Dual language programs have been shown to be one of the most successful models for closing the achievement gap between English-speaking and English-learning students, which can be considered a strong indicator of educational equity. However, questions remains about how equity is achieved within these programs and what equity means to…

  17. As Endowment Managers Turn to Private Equity, Questions Arise

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fuller, Andrea; Blumenstyk, Goldie

    2012-01-01

    Endowment growth in 2011 came in no small part because universities have increasingly invested in private equity--the same private equity that has become a hot-button issue on the 2012 campaign trail, with some candidates and commentators calling into question its social value. Private equity is "of increasing significance" for endowments. It made…

  18. What We Mean When We Say "Equity"

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Celeste, Eric

    2016-01-01

    Equity in teacher development means that all students have a right and a need to be exposed to excellent teaching. This is dependent on ensuring that all teachers have access to high-quality professional learning. This article discusses both what Learning Forward means when using the term "equity" and why examining equity is crucial to…

  19. Inquiry as an Entry Point to Equity in the Classroom

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tang, Gail; El Turkey, Houssein; Cilli-Turner, Emily; Savic, Milos; Karakok, Gulden; Plaxco, David

    2017-01-01

    Although many policy documents include equity as part of mathematics education standards and principles, researchers continue to explore means by which equity might be supported in classrooms and at the institutional level. Teaching practices that include opportunities for students to engage in active learning have been proposed to address equity.…

  20. GRADE equity guidelines 3: considering health equity in GRADE guideline development: rating the certainty of synthesized evidence.

    PubMed

    Welch, Vivian A; Akl, Elie A; Pottie, Kevin; Ansari, Mohammed T; Briel, Matthias; Christensen, Robin; Dans, Antonio; Dans, Leonila; Eslava-Schmalbach, Javier; Guyatt, Gordon; Hultcrantz, Monica; Jull, Janet; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Lang, Eddy; Matovinovic, Elizabeth; Meerpohl, Joerg J; Morton, Rachael L; Mosdol, Annhild; Murad, M Hassan; Petkovic, Jennifer; Schünemann, Holger; Sharaf, Ravi; Shea, Bev; Singh, Jasvinder A; Solà, Ivan; Stanev, Roger; Stein, Airton; Thabaneii, Lehana; Tonia, Thomy; Tristan, Mario; Vitols, Sigurd; Watine, Joseph; Tugwell, Peter

    2017-10-01

    The aim of this paper is to describe a conceptual framework for how to consider health equity in the Grading Recommendations Assessment and Development Evidence (GRADE) guideline development process. Consensus-based guidance developed by the GRADE working group members and other methodologists. We developed consensus-based guidance to help address health equity when rating the certainty of synthesized evidence (i.e., quality of evidence). When health inequity is determined to be a concern by stakeholders, we propose five methods for explicitly assessing health equity: (1) include health equity as an outcome; (2) consider patient-important outcomes relevant to health equity; (3) assess differences in the relative effect size of the treatment; (4) assess differences in baseline risk and the differing impacts on absolute effects; and (5) assess indirectness of evidence to disadvantaged populations and/or settings. The most important priority for research on health inequity and guidelines is to identify and document examples where health equity has been considered explicitly in guidelines. Although there is a weak scientific evidence base for assessing health equity, this should not discourage the explicit consideration of how guidelines and recommendations affect the most vulnerable members of society. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. An equity dashboard to monitor vaccination coverage.

    PubMed

    Arsenault, Catherine; Harper, Sam; Nandi, Arijit; Rodríguez, José M Mendoza; Hansen, Peter M; Johri, Mira

    2017-02-01

    Equity monitoring is a priority for Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, and for those implementing The 2030 agenda for sustainable development . For its new phase of operations, Gavi reassessed its approach to monitoring equity in vaccination coverage. To help inform this effort, we made a systematic analysis of inequalities in vaccination coverage across 45 Gavi-supported countries and compared results from different measurement approaches. Based on our findings, we formulated recommendations for Gavi's equity monitoring approach. The approach involved defining the vulnerable populations, choosing appropriate measures to quantify inequalities, and defining equity benchmarks that reflect the ambitions of the sustainable development agenda. In this article, we explain the rationale for the recommendations and for the development of an improved equity monitoring tool. Gavi's previous approach to measuring equity was the difference in vaccination coverage between a country's richest and poorest wealth quintiles. In addition to the wealth index, we recommend monitoring other dimensions of vulnerability (maternal education, place of residence, child sex and the multidimensional poverty index). For dimensions with multiple subgroups, measures of inequality that consider information on all subgroups should be used. We also recommend that both absolute and relative measures of inequality be tracked over time. Finally, we propose that equity benchmarks target complete elimination of inequalities. To facilitate equity monitoring, we recommend the use of a data display tool - the equity dashboard - to support decision-making in the sustainable development period. We highlight its key advantages using data from Côte d'Ivoire and Haiti.

  2. An equity dashboard to monitor vaccination coverage

    PubMed Central

    Harper, Sam; Nandi, Arijit; Rodríguez, José M Mendoza; Hansen, Peter M; Johri, Mira

    2017-01-01

    Abstract Equity monitoring is a priority for Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, and for those implementing The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. For its new phase of operations, Gavi reassessed its approach to monitoring equity in vaccination coverage. To help inform this effort, we made a systematic analysis of inequalities in vaccination coverage across 45 Gavi-supported countries and compared results from different measurement approaches. Based on our findings, we formulated recommendations for Gavi’s equity monitoring approach. The approach involved defining the vulnerable populations, choosing appropriate measures to quantify inequalities, and defining equity benchmarks that reflect the ambitions of the sustainable development agenda. In this article, we explain the rationale for the recommendations and for the development of an improved equity monitoring tool. Gavi’s previous approach to measuring equity was the difference in vaccination coverage between a country’s richest and poorest wealth quintiles. In addition to the wealth index, we recommend monitoring other dimensions of vulnerability (maternal education, place of residence, child sex and the multidimensional poverty index). For dimensions with multiple subgroups, measures of inequality that consider information on all subgroups should be used. We also recommend that both absolute and relative measures of inequality be tracked over time. Finally, we propose that equity benchmarks target complete elimination of inequalities. To facilitate equity monitoring, we recommend the use of a data display tool – the equity dashboard – to support decision-making in the sustainable development period. We highlight its key advantages using data from Côte d’Ivoire and Haiti. PMID:28250513

  3. [Times of gender equity: a description of the inequalities between autonomous communities, Spain 2006-2014].

    PubMed

    Fernández-Sáez, José; Ruiz-Cantero, María Teresa; Guijarro-Garvi, Marta; Rodenas-Calatayud, Carmen; Martí-Sempere, Mónica; Jiménez-Alegre, María Dolores

    2016-01-01

    Gender equity (GE) is a structural determinant of health inequalities. In this light, our objective is to show the evolution of gender equity in the Spanish autonomous communities since 2006, prior to the enactment of the Equality Act (2007) and the economic crisis (2008), until 2014. Ecological study of gender equity in the 17 Spanish autonomous communities from 2006-2011-2014. We have calculated: 1) modified gender equity index (MGEI) for the autonomous communities (0=equity, ±1=inequity); 2) interregional and temporal convergences in gender equity. The MGEI in the autonomous communities in 2014 has negative values close to 0 (inequity towards women). There is no interregional convergence due to the dispersion increase (2006: 0.1503; 2011: 0.2280; 2014: 0.4964), and no temporal convergence due to the lack of progress of the autonomous communities with poor gender equity. The gender gap in economic activity continues to be unfavourable to women, decreasing in all communities between 2006 and 2011 but increasing in six communities in 2014. The gender gap in education from 2006-2011-2014 has positive values close to 0 (unfavourable to men), while the gender gap in empowerment is unfavourable to women, representing the most significant gender equity disparity. Inter-community dispersion of economic activity and education did not change between 2006 and 2014, while inter-community dispersion of empowerment increased. The level of gender equity achieved in the Spanish autonomous communities in 2006 was lost during the economic crisis, as gender equity disparities between the communities had increased by 2014. Gender inequity continues to be unfavourable to women. Copyright © 2016 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

  4. Considering health equity when moving from evidence-based guideline recommendations to implementation: a case study from an upper-middle income country on the GRADE approach

    PubMed Central

    Mosquera, Paola; Alzate, Juan Pablo; Pottie, Kevin; Welch, Vivian; Akl, Elie A; Jull, Janet; Lang, Eddy; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Morton, Rachel; Thabane, Lehana; Shea, Bev; Stein, Airton T; Singh, Jasvinder; Florez, Ivan D; Guyatt, Gordon; Schünemann, Holger; Tugwell, Peter

    2017-01-01

    Abstract The availability of evidence-based guidelines does not ensure their implementation and use in clinical practice or policy making. Inequities in health have been defined as those inequalities within or between populations that are avoidable, unnecessary and also unjust and unfair. Evidence-based clinical practice and public health guidelines (‘guidelines’) can be used to target health inequities experienced by disadvantaged populations, although guidelines may unintentionally increase health inequities. For this reason, there is a need for evidence-based clinical practice and public health guidelines to intentionally target health inequities experienced by disadvantaged populations. Current guideline development processes do not include steps for planned implementation of equity-focused guidelines. This article describes nine steps that provide guidance for consideration of equity during guideline implementation. A critical appraisal of the literature followed by a process to build expert consensus was undertaken to define how to include consideration of equity issues during the specific GRADE guideline development process. Using a case study from Colombia we describe nine steps that were used to implement equity-focused GRADE recommendations: (1) identification of disadvantaged groups, (2) quantification of current health inequities, (3) development of equity-sensitive recommendations, (4) identification of key actors for implementation of equity-focused recommendations, (5) identification of barriers and facilitators to the implementation of equity-focused recommendations, (6) development of an equity strategy to be included in the implementation plan, (7) assessment of resources and incentives, (8) development of a communication strategy to support an equity focus and (9) development of monitoring and evaluation strategies. This case study can be used as model for implementing clinical practice guidelines, taking into account equity issues during guideline development and implementation. PMID:29029068

  5. Equity impact of interventions and policies to reduce smoking in youth: systematic review.

    PubMed

    Brown, Tamara; Platt, Stephen; Amos, Amanda

    2014-11-01

    A systematic review to assess the equity impact of interventions/policies on youth smoking. Biosis, Cinahl, Cochrane Library, Conference Proceedings Citation Index, Embase, Eric, Medline, Psycinfo, Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index and tobacco control experts. Published January 1995 to October 2013. Primary studies of interventions/policies reporting smoking-related outcomes in youth (11-25 years) of lower compared to higher socioeconomic status (SES). References were screened and independently checked. Studies were quality assessed; characteristics and outcomes were extracted. A narrative synthesis by intervention/policy type. Equity impact was assessed as: positive (reduced inequity), neutral (no difference by SES), negative (increased inequity), mixed (equity impact varied) or unclear.Thirty-eight studies of 40 interventions/policies were included: smokefree (12); price/tax (7); mass media campaigns (1); advertising controls (4); access controls (5); school-based programmes (5); multiple policies (3), individual-level cessation support (2), individual-level support for smokefree homes (1). The distribution of equity effects was: 7 positive, 16 neutral, 12 negative, 4 mixed, 1 unclear. All 7 positive equity studies were US-based: price/tax (4), age-of-sales laws (2) and text-messaging cessation support (1). A British school-based intervention (A Stop Smoking in Schools Trial (ASSIST)) showed mixed equity effects (neutral and positive). Most neutral equity studies benefited all SES groups. Very few studies have assessed the equity impact of tobacco control interventions/policies on young people. Price/tax increases had the most consistent positive equity impact. There is a need to strengthen the evidence base for the equity impact of youth tobacco control interventions. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

  6. Nepal's War on Human Rights: A summit higher than Everest

    PubMed Central

    Singh, Sonal; Dahal, Khagendra; Mills, Edward

    2005-01-01

    Nepal has witnessed serious human rights violations including arbitrary arrests, detentions, "disappearances", extra judicial executions, abductions and torture carried out by both the Royal Nepalese Army and the Maoist rebels in the 10 years of the "peoples war". Women and children have borne the brunt of the conflict. Massive displacement has led to adverse social and psychological consequences. While the reasons for the conflict are mainly indigenous and rooted in the social and economic in-equities, remedies for health inequities must come not only from the health sector but also from broad social policies and adopting a participatory and conflict-sensitive approach to development. Meanwhile the international community needs to use its leverage to urge both sides to accept a human rights accord and honor international human rights and humanitarian laws, while investigating allegations of abuse and prosecute those responsible. PMID:15985165

  7. [Management of outpatients with cardiac disease: follow-up timing and modalities].

    PubMed

    Rossini, Roberta; Lina, Daniela; Ferlini, Marco; Belotti, Giuseppina; Caico, Salvatore Ivan; Caravati, Fabrizio; Faggiano, Pompilio; Iorio, Annamaria; Lauri, Davide; Lettieri, Corrado; Locati, Emanuela Teresa; Maggi, Antonio; Massari, Ferdinando; Mortara, Andrea; Moschini, Luigi; Musumeci, Giuseppe; Nassiacos, Daniele; Negri, Fabrizio; Pecora, Domenico; Pierini, Simona; Pedretti, Roberto; Ravizza, Pierfranco; Romano, Michele; Oliva, Fabrizio

    2017-06-01

    The increasing rate of cardiovascular diseases, the improved survival after the acute phase, the aging of the population and the implementation of primary prevention caused an exponential increase in outpatient cardiac performance, thereby making it difficult to maintain a balance between the citizen-patient request and the economic sustainability of the healthcare system. On the other side, the prescription of many diagnostic tests with a view to defensive medicine and the related growth of patients' expectations, has led several scientific societies to educational campaigns highlighting the concept that "less is more".The present document is aimed at providing the general practitioner with practical information about a prompt diagnosis of signs/symptoms (angina, dyspnea, palpitations, syncope) of the major cardiovascular diseases. It will also provide an overview about appropriate use of diagnostic exams (echocardiogram, stress test), about the appropriate timing of their execution, in order to ensure effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of the health system.

  8. Diversify your sources of capital through debt offerings

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Burkhardt, D.A.; Soucy, S.T.

    1993-09-01

    Despite the trend toward diversification in many areas of the utility industry, most utility executives have yet to realize that many of the benefits derived from diversifying equity ownership can also be gained through a similar approach to their debt securities. Although institutional investors have long been regarded as the exclusive market for utility debt securities, individuals are an increasingly important component of this market. The factors that motivate individuals to purchase utility debt securities are the same as those that influence purchases of utility stocks: safety and dependable income. The benefits of retail ownership of utility debt securities domore » not, however, accrue exclusively to the investor. Utility companies that actively market debt offerings to individual investors also can expect to enjoy a number of tangible benefits. Nowhere are these benefits more obvious than in the area of tax-exempt utility securities.« less

  9. Pilot age and expertise predict flight simulator performance: a 3-year longitudinal study.

    PubMed

    Taylor, Joy L; Kennedy, Quinn; Noda, Art; Yesavage, Jerome A

    2007-02-27

    Expert knowledge may compensate for age-related declines in basic cognitive and sensory-motor abilities in some skill domains. We investigated the influence of age and aviation expertise (indexed by Federal Aviation Administration pilot ratings) on longitudinal flight simulator performance. Over a 3-year period, 118 general aviation pilots aged 40 to 69 years were tested annually, in which their flight performance was scored in terms of 1) executing air-traffic controller communications; 2) traffic avoidance; 3) scanning cockpit instruments; 4) executing an approach to landing; and 5) a flight summary score. More expert pilots had better flight summary scores at baseline and showed less decline over time. Secondary analyses revealed that expertise effects were most evident in the accuracy of executing aviation communications, the measure on which performance declined most sharply over time. Regarding age, even though older pilots initially performed worse than younger pilots, over time older pilots showed less decline in flight summary scores than younger pilots. Secondary analyses revealed that the oldest pilots did well over time because their traffic avoidance performance improved more vs younger pilots. These longitudinal findings support previous cross-sectional studies in aviation as well as non-aviation domains, which demonstrated the advantageous effect of prior experience and specialized expertise on older adults' skilled cognitive performances.

  10. Pilot age and expertise predict flight simulator performance

    PubMed Central

    Kennedy, Quinn; Noda, Art; Yesavage, Jerome A.

    2010-01-01

    Background Expert knowledge may compensate for age-related declines in basic cognitive and sensory-motor abilities in some skill domains. We investigated the influence of age and aviation expertise (indexed by Federal Aviation Administration pilot ratings) on longitudinal flight simulator performance. Methods Over a 3-year period, 118 general aviation pilots aged 40 to 69 years were tested annually, in which their flight performance was scored in terms of 1) executing air-traffic controller communications; 2) traffic avoidance; 3) scanning cockpit instruments; 4) executing an approach to landing; and 5) a flight summary score. Results More expert pilots had better flight summary scores at baseline and showed less decline over time. Secondary analyses revealed that expertise effects were most evident in the accuracy of executing aviation communications, the measure on which performance declined most sharply over time. Regarding age, even though older pilots initially performed worse than younger pilots, over time older pilots showed less decline in flight summary scores than younger pilots. Secondary analyses revealed that the oldest pilots did well over time because their traffic avoidance performance improved more vs younger pilots. Conclusions These longitudinal findings support previous cross-sectional studies in aviation as well as non-aviation domains, which demonstrated the advantageous effect of prior experience and specialized expertise on older adults’ skilled cognitive performances. PMID:17325270

  11. The relationship between executive function and fine motor control in young and older adults.

    PubMed

    Corti, Emily J; Johnson, Andrew R; Riddle, Hayley; Gasson, Natalie; Kane, Robert; Loftus, Andrea M

    2017-01-01

    The present study examined the relationship between executive function (EF) and fine motor control in young and older healthy adults. Participants completed 3 measures of executive function; a spatial working memory (SWM) task, the Stockings of Cambridge task (planning), and the Intra-Dimensional Extra-Dimensional Set-Shift task (set-shifting). Fine motor control was assessed using 3 subtests of the Purdue Pegboard (unimanual, bimanual, sequencing). For the younger adults, there were no significant correlations between measures of EF and fine motor control. For the older adults, all EFs significantly correlated with all measures of fine motor control. Three separate regressions examined whether planning, SWM and set-shifting independently predicted unimanual, bimanual, and sequencing scores for the older adults. Planning was the primary predictor of performance on all three Purdue subtests. A multiple-groups mediation model examined whether planning predicted fine motor control scores independent of participants' age, suggesting that preservation of planning ability may support fine motor control in older adults. Planning remained a significant predictor of unimanual performance in the older age group, but not bimanual or sequencing performance. The findings are discussed in terms of compensation theory, whereby planning is a key compensatory resource for fine motor control in older adults. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. Will Going to School Allow Him To Reach the Top?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Miller, Phyllis, Ed.

    1998-01-01

    This issue of a research journal on gifted education explores different perspectives on tracking in schools, the difference between equity and equality, whether equity is the enemy of excellence, and how all can be treated equally if some people are more intelligent than others. Specific articles include: (1) "Inequity in Equity: How 'Equity' Can…

  13. What Should Drive Educational Equity and Student Diversity in Australian Higher Education? Social Responsibility Versus Reporting Obligation. AIR 1997 Annual Forum Paper.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Clarke, John R.

    The current approach to promoting educational equity in universities in Australia is substantially flawed. Through the "equity framework," the Australian university community sector has been compelled to involvement with educational equity through government pressure that has included financial incentives and legislation. Six groups have…

  14. 76 FR 77046 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-09

    ... Change Relating to the Firm Related Equity Option Cap December 5, 2011. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of... ``Equity Options Fees'' to apply the Firm Related Equity Option Cap to certain proprietary orders of... Equity Option Cap to proprietary orders of certain affiliates of member organizations. Currently, Firms...

  15. 26 CFR 1.809-10 - Computation of equity base.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Computation of equity base. 1.809-10 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Gain and Loss from Operations § 1.809-10 Computation of equity base. (a) In general. For purposes of section 809, the equity base of a life insurance company includes the...

  16. 26 CFR 1.809-10 - Computation of equity base.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Computation of equity base. 1.809-10 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Gain and Loss from Operations § 1.809-10 Computation of equity base. (a) In general. For purposes of section 809, the equity base of a life insurance company includes the...

  17. 26 CFR 1.809-10 - Computation of equity base.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Computation of equity base. 1.809-10 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Gain and Loss from Operations § 1.809-10 Computation of equity base. (a) In general. For purposes of section 809, the equity base of a life insurance company includes the...

  18. 12 CFR 3.152 - Simple risk weight approach (SRWA).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... applicable risk weight in this section. (1) Zero percent risk weight equity exposures. An equity exposure to... assigned a zero percent risk weight. (2) 20 percent risk weight equity exposures. An equity exposure to a... equals zero. If RVC is negative and greater than or equal to -1 (that is, between zero and -1), then E...

  19. Equity Development Programmes: Does Mentoring Make a Difference in Individual and Social Transformation for South African WonderWomen?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Geber, Hilary

    2010-01-01

    The equity and transformation challenge for women and black academics at universities in Post-Apartheid South Africa is enormous. Despite a marked increase in equity development programmes since the 1996 Employment Equity legislation, fewer women than expected have advanced through the academic ranks. An indigenous mentoring model for…

  20. The Measurements of the Equity of Compulsory Education Finance in Zhejiang Province

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gang, Cheng; Tao, Lin; Qiaozhen, Lin; Qinghuan, Zhu

    2009-01-01

    Education equity is an important means for achieving social equity, but there are few empirical studies on education equity in Chinese academia owing to method limitations. This paper applies a new measurement method to the 2005/6 data of the elementary schools in Zhejiang province and argues that education finance reform in the province has…

  1. 26 CFR 1.809-10 - Computation of equity base.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Computation of equity base. 1.809-10 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Gain and Loss from Operations § 1.809-10 Computation of equity base. (a) In general. For purposes of section 809, the equity base of a life insurance company includes the amount of any...

  2. Tennessee School Finance Equity as Determined by Locally Funded Teaching Positions.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Peevely, Gary L.; Ray, John R.

    The Tennessee School Finance Equity Study was begun in 1978 to review the equity and adequacy of Tennessee's Public School Finance Program. Changes in the structure of the Tennessee Foundation Program (TFP) did achieve greater equity in the amount of funds local districts obtained from the foundation program even though the residence of the…

  3. Promoting Educational Equity through School Libraries. Module 5: Educational Equity in the Library.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nilsen, Alleen Pace; Tyler, Karen Beyard

    Suggestions offered in the fifth module of a continuing education program for inservice school media specialists are designed to aid in identifying sexism and sex-role stereotyping in instructional materials, and help trainees foster educational equity in their own institutions. The first part is concerned with the promotion of such equity through…

  4. Test Equity for Individuals Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. PEPNet Test Equity Summit

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    PEPNet-West, 2010

    2010-01-01

    This paper presents the highlights of the 2008 Test Equity Summit held in Bloomfield, Colorado last August 6-8, 2008. The 2008 Test Equity Summit convened by the Postsecondary Education Programs Network (PEPNet) identified and examined problems, challenges, and issues that academic and psychoeducational tests pose for individuals who are deaf or…

  5. 77 FR 25218 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To List...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-27

    ... Huntington US Equity Rotation Strategy ETF and Huntington EcoLogical Strategy ETF Under NYSE Arca Equities...''): Huntington US Equity Rotation Strategy ETF and Huntington EcoLogical Strategy ETF. The text of the proposed... Managed Fund Shares: \\3\\ Huntington US Equity Rotation Strategy ETF and Huntington EcoLogical Strategy ETF...

  6. Organizational ethics in Catholic health care: honoring stewardship and the work environment.

    PubMed

    Magill, G

    2001-04-01

    Organizational ethics refers to the integration of values into decision making, policies, and behavior throughout the multi-disciplinary environment of a health care organization. Based upon Catholic social ethics, stewardship is at the heart of organizational ethics in health care in this sense: stewardship provides the hermeneutic filter that enables basic ethical principles to be realized practically, within the context of the Catholic theology of work, to concerns in health care. This general argument can shed light on the specific topic of non-executive compensation programs as an illustration of organizational ethics in health care.

  7. Development and enrolee satisfaction with basic medical insurance in China: A systematic review and stratified cluster sampling survey.

    PubMed

    Jing, Limei; Chen, Ru; Jing, Lisa; Qiao, Yun; Lou, Jiquan; Xu, Jing; Wang, Junwei; Chen, Wen; Sun, Xiaoming

    2017-07-01

    Basic Medical Insurance (BMI) has changed remarkably over time in China because of health reforms that aim to achieve universal coverage and better health care with adequate efforts by increasing subsidies, reimbursement, and benefits. In this paper, we present the development of BMI, including financing and operation, with a systematic review. Meanwhile, Pudong New Area in Shanghai was chosen as a typical BMI sample for its coverage and management; a stratified cluster sampling survey together with an ordinary logistic regression model was used for the analysis. Enrolee satisfaction and the factors associated with enrolee satisfaction with BMI were analysed. We found that the reenrolling rate superficially improved the BMI coverage and nearly achieved universal coverage. However, BMI funds still faced dual contradictions of fund deficit and insured under compensation, and a long-term strategy is needed to realize the integration of BMI schemes with more homogeneous coverage and benefits. Moreover, Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance participants reported a higher rate of dissatisfaction than other participants. The key predictors of the enrolees' satisfaction were awareness of the premium and compensation, affordability of out-of-pocket costs, and the proportion of reimbursement. These results highlight the importance that the Chinese government takes measures, such as strengthening BMI fund management, exploring mixed payment methods, and regulating sequential medical orders, to develop an integrated medical insurance system of universal coverage and vertical equity while simultaneously improving enrolee satisfaction. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  8. The Pueblo Superfund program -- a Native American perspective on cultural impacts and environmental equity under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sanchez, C.M.; Garcia, T.L.; Chavez, E.F.

    1996-12-31

    The All Indian Pueblo Council (AIPC) through the Pueblo Office of Environmental Protection (POEP) implements and provides a variety of environmental programs and services to the 19 Indian Pueblos of New Mexico. Specifically, the POEP Superfund Program investigates and evaluates potential hazardous waste sites within Pueblo lands. The POEP Superfund Program began in September 1991 when the 19 Pueblo Governors signed a Superfund Memorandum of Agreement with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 6. The goal of the POEP Superfund Program is to determine those sites that are eligible for Superfund-financed remedial action by placing those sites on themore » National Priorities List (NPL), while including the Pueblo perspective. Because the 19 Pueblos are each unique, sovereign nations, several differences and gaps associated with the current Superfund law and EPA methodologies exist. Currently, the Superfund Hazard Ranking System (HRS) model does not account for Indian religious and ceremonial impacts from these sites. Due to their importance in Pueblo life, culturally significant plants, animals, ceremonial surface water use, and sacred areas should be considered as critical impacts when evaluating the various pathways of exposure of the HRS. Tribal environmental equality is an aspect that will be included into all environmental laws. AIPC and POEP are working to address this issue under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA).« less

  9. Rewarding safe behavior: strategies for change.

    PubMed

    Fell-Carlson, Deborah

    2004-12-01

    Effective, sustainable safety incentives are integrated into a performance management system designed to encourage long term behavior change. Effective incentive program design integrates the fundamental considerations of compensation (i.e., valence, instrumentality, expectancy, equity) with behavior change theory in the context of a strong merit based performance management system. Clear expectations are established and communicated from the time applicants apply for the position. Feedback and social recognition are leveraged and used as rewards, in addition to financial incentives built into the compensation system and offered periodically as short term incentives. Rewards are tied to specific objectives intended to influence specific behaviors. Objectives are designed to challenge employees, providing opportunities to grow and enhance their sense of belonging. Safety contests and other awareness activities are most effective when used to focus safety improvement efforts on specific behaviors or processes, for a predetermined period of time, in the context of a comprehensive safety system. Safety incentive programs designed around injury outcomes can result in unintended, and undesirable, consequences. Safety performance can be leveraged by integrating safety into corporate cultural indicators. Symbols of safety remind employees of corporate safety goals and objectives (e.g., posted safety goals and integrating safety into corporate mission and vision). Rites and ceremonies provide opportunities for social recognition and feedback and demonstrate safety is a corporate value. Feedback opportunities, rewards, and social recognition all provide content for corporate legends, those stories embellished over time, that punctuate the overall system of organizational norms, and provide examples of the organizational safety culture in action.

  10. [Interterritorial inequalities in compensation for occupational diseases in Spain from 1990-2007].

    PubMed

    García Gómez, Montserrat; Castañeda López, Rosario

    2009-01-01

    To determine the reporting pattern and trends for occupational diseases by autonomous communities in Spain between 1990 and 2007. Cases were obtained from the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, and the number of workers was obtained from the National Institute of Statistics. A principal components analysis was used to explain the data structure. Adjusted annual incidence rates were computed and relative risk is shown in maps. The number of reported occupational diseases remained constant from 1990 to 2005 in all the autonomous communities, except for minor occupational diseases not leading to sick leave (accounting for 99% of the total), which increased. From 2006-07, reported rates decreased to almost half: 17,061 cases in 2007 versus 30,030 in 2005. Both the increase and the decrease in incidence were observed in all autonomous communities, but with distinct values and slopes. As revealed by the principal components analysis, all the autonomous communities showed the same time pattern, except Asturias. Northern Spain showed the highest rates, which cannot be explained by factors such as age, sex, economic activity or occupation. The social security system is not compensating the complex and chronic diseases that are prevalent today. Despite improvements in disease reporting from 1990-2005, the decrease observed from 2006-07 and, above all, the gap among autonomous communities show that provision is not working with equity, generating inequality and lack of cohesion and posing a challenge for the definition of efficient prevention policies.

  11. Equity in healthcare resource allocation decision making: A systematic review.

    PubMed

    Lane, Haylee; Sarkies, Mitchell; Martin, Jennifer; Haines, Terry

    2017-02-01

    To identify elements of endorsed definitions of equity in healthcare and classify domains of these definitions so that policy makers, managers, clinicians, and politicians can form an operational definition of equity that reflects the values and preferences of the society they serve. Systematic review where verbatim text describing explicit and implicit definitions of equity were extracted and subjected to a thematic analysis. The full holdings of the AMED, CINAHL plus, OVID Medline, Scopus, PsychInfo and ProQuest (ProQuest Health & Medical Complete, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source, ProQuest Social Science Journals) were individually searched in April 2015. Studies were included if they provided an original, explicit or implicit definition of equity in regards to healthcare resource allocation decision making. Papers that only cited earlier definitions of equity and provided no new information or extensions to this definition were excluded. The search strategy yielded 74 papers appropriate for this review; 60 of these provided an explicit definition of equity, with a further 14 papers discussing implicit elements of equity that the authors endorsed in regards to healthcare resource allocation decision making. FIVE KEY THEMES EMERGED: i) Equalisation across the health service supply/access/outcome chain, ii) Need or potential to benefit, iii) Groupings of equalisation, iv) Caveats to equalisation, and v) Close enough is good enough. There is great inconsistency in definitions of equity endorsed by different authors. Operational definitions of equity need to be more explicit in addressing these five thematic areas before they can be directly applied to healthcare resource allocation decisions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. 75 FR 9265 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Amex LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Amending...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-01

    ... subject to certain conflict of interest provisions set forth in NYSE Amex Equities Rules 1603 and 1604. NYSE Amex Equities Rule 1603 provides that, if a DMM unit is operating under Rule 98 (Former)--NYSE... Amex Equities Rule 1603 provides that, if a DMM unit is operating under Rule 98--NYSE Amex Equities...

  13. Participants in New Beginnings and Career Equity Programs Gain Knowledge and Equitable Attitudes. Evaluation Report, Program Year 1997.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Montclair State Univ., Upper Montclair, NJ. Career Equity Assistance Center for Research and Evaluation.

    Occupational and sex equity programs administered by the New Jersey Department of Education, Office of Bilingual Education and Equity Issues, and funded through the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act were evaluated. Participants in single-parent and sex equity programs completed a series of pretests and posttests that…

  14. 34 CFR 403.92 - Under what circumstances may the age limit under the Sex Equity Program be waived?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Sex Equity Program be waived? 403.92 Section 403.92 Education Regulations of the Offices of the... the Basic Programs? Sex Equity Program § 403.92 Under what circumstances may the age limit under the Sex Equity Program be waived? The individual appointed under § 403.13(a) may waive the requirement in...

  15. 34 CFR 403.92 - Under what circumstances may the age limit under the Sex Equity Program be waived?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Sex Equity Program be waived? 403.92 Section 403.92 Education Regulations of the Offices of the... the Basic Programs? Sex Equity Program § 403.92 Under what circumstances may the age limit under the Sex Equity Program be waived? The individual appointed under § 403.13(a) may waive the requirement in...

  16. 34 CFR 403.92 - Under what circumstances may the age limit under the Sex Equity Program be waived?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Sex Equity Program be waived? 403.92 Section 403.92 Education Regulations of the Offices of the... the Basic Programs? Sex Equity Program § 403.92 Under what circumstances may the age limit under the Sex Equity Program be waived? The individual appointed under § 403.13(a) may waive the requirement in...

  17. 34 CFR 403.92 - Under what circumstances may the age limit under the Sex Equity Program be waived?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Sex Equity Program be waived? 403.92 Section 403.92 Education Regulations of the Offices of the... the Basic Programs? Sex Equity Program § 403.92 Under what circumstances may the age limit under the Sex Equity Program be waived? The individual appointed under § 403.13(a) may waive the requirement in...

  18. 34 CFR 403.92 - Under what circumstances may the age limit under the Sex Equity Program be waived?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Sex Equity Program be waived? 403.92 Section 403.92 Education Regulations of the Offices of the... the Basic Programs? Sex Equity Program § 403.92 Under what circumstances may the age limit under the Sex Equity Program be waived? The individual appointed under § 403.13(a) may waive the requirement in...

  19. Guidelines for Promoting Gender Equity in Higher Education in Central and Eastern Europe. Papers on Higher Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Miroiu, Mihaela

    This book provides a practically oriented reflection on gender equity in higher education and offers insights on how to achieve such equity. Equity, rather than "equality," is the focus of the discussion, which refines the discussion of gender and higher education to go beyond traditional ideas of equal provision and the mathematical…

  20. Reconciling Means and Ends in Equity and Access through Further and Higher Education Sector Partnerships: An Australian Case

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Broughton, Sharon

    2005-01-01

    This paper examines the educational implications of pursuing equity and access for adult learners across further and higher education sectors. It contextualizes some advantages and disadvantages in cross-sectoral arrangements by reference to a specific access and equity partnership program in Australia and analyses the impact on the equity aims of…

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