40 CFR 426.64 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must... quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or...

40 CFR 426.44 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must... quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or...

40 CFR 405.64 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must... quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or...

40 CFR 408.154 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must... quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or...

40 CFR 408.144 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must... quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or...

40 CFR 426.24 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must... quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or...

40 CFR 426.34 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must... quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or...

40 CFR 405.64 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must... quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or...

40 CFR 49.154 - Permit application requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., production rates and operating schedules. (vii) Identification and description of any existing air pollution... pollution prevention techniques, air pollution control devices, design standards, equipment standards, work... ASSISTANCE INDIAN COUNTRY: AIR QUALITY PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT General Federal Implementation Plan Provisions...

40 CFR 49.154 - Permit application requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., production rates and operating schedules. (vii) Identification and description of any existing air pollution... pollution prevention techniques, air pollution control devices, design standards, equipment standards, work... ASSISTANCE INDIAN COUNTRY: AIR QUALITY PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT General Federal Implementation Plan Provisions...

40 CFR 49.154 - Permit application requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., production rates and operating schedules. (vii) Identification and description of any existing air pollution... pollution prevention techniques, air pollution control devices, design standards, equipment standards, work... ASSISTANCE INDIAN COUNTRY: AIR QUALITY PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT General Federal Implementation Plan Provisions...

40 CFR 49.154 - Permit application requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., production rates and operating schedules. (vii) Identification and description of any existing air pollution... pollution prevention techniques, air pollution control devices, design standards, equipment standards, work... ASSISTANCE INDIAN COUNTRY: AIR QUALITY PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT General Federal Implementation Plan Provisions...

Game-Theory Based Research on Oil-Spill Prevention and Control Modes in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yin, Jie; Xiong, Ting

2018-01-01

Aiming at solving the existing oil pollution in the Three Gorges reservoir, this paper makes research on oil-spill prevention and control mode based on game theory. Regarding the built modes and comparative indicator system, overall efficiency indicator functions are used to compare general effect, overall cost, and overall efficiency, which concludes that the mode combining government and enterprise has the highest overall efficiency in preventing and controlling ship oil spills. The suggested mode together its correspondingly designed management system, has been applied to practice for a year in Three Gorges Reservoir Area and has made evident improvements to the existing oil pollution, meanwhile proved to be quite helpful to the pollution prevention and control in the lower reaches of Yangtze River.

40 CFR 421.75 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (g) Subpart G—Hard Lead Refining Slag Granulation. PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average mg/kkg (pounds per billion pounds) of hard lead produced Lead .000 .000 Zinc .000 .000 (h) Subpart G—Hard Lead Refining Wet Air Pollution Control. PSES Pollutant or...

40 CFR 421.75 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (g) Subpart G—Hard Lead Refining Slag Granulation. PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average mg/kkg (pounds per billion pounds) of hard lead produced Lead .000 .000 Zinc .000 .000 (h) Subpart G—Hard Lead Refining Wet Air Pollution Control. PSES Pollutant or...

40 CFR 403.7 - Removal credits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... GENERAL PRE-TREAT-MENT REGULATIONS FOR EXIST-ING AND NEW SOURCES OF POLLUTION § 403.7 Removal credits. (a... system. Removal as used in this subpart shall not mean dilution of a pollutant in the POTW. (ii) Sludge... D of SWDA); the Clean Air Act; the Toxic Substances Control Act; and the Marine Protection, Research...

40 CFR 424.47 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... control technology. 424.47 Section 424.47 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Carbide Furnaces With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory § 424.47 Effluent limitations... conventional pollutant control technology. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point...

Introduction to ChemView

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA's Existing Chemicals program addresses pollution prevention, risk assessment, and risk management for chemicals in commercial use under the authority of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and the Pollution Prevention Act (PPA)

40 CFR 406.24 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works...

40 CFR 406.14 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works...

FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF MERCURY CONTROL IN COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS

EPA Science Inventory

The paper discusses the existing knowledge base applicable to mercury (Hg) control in coal-fired boilers and outlines the gaps in knowledge that can be filled by experimentation and data gathering. Mercury can be controlled by existing air pollution control devices or by retrofit...

40 CFR 63.1159 - Operational and equipment standards for existing, new, or reconstructed sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... atmosphere shall be equipped with a local fume capture system, ventilated through an air pollution control... pollution control equipment and monitoring equipment in a manner consistent with safety and good air... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS...

40 CFR 63.1159 - Operational and equipment standards for existing, new, or reconstructed sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... atmosphere shall be equipped with a local fume capture system, ventilated through an air pollution control... pollution control equipment and monitoring equipment in a manner consistent with safety and good air... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS...

40 CFR 408.124 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to...

40 CFR 471.34 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 156 69.2 (q) Annealing and solution heat treatment contact cooling water—Subpart C—PSES. There shall be no allowance for the discharge of wastewater pollutants. (r) Wet air pollution control scrubber...

Air Pollution Affects Community Health

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shy, Carl M.; Finklea, John F.

1973-01-01

Community Health and Environmental Surveillance System (CHESS), a nationwide program relating community health to environmental quality, is designed to evaluate existing environmental standards, obtain health intelligence for new standards, and document health benefits of air pollution control. (BL)

McGee Creek Drainage and Levee District, Illinois.

DTIC Science & Technology

1973-04-01

J COUNTY MC GEE REEK DRAINAGE BLEVEE DISTRICT N~ i, 0. ~ I I LEGEND Co ,. 3 ~ . -~------~----EXISTING LEVEE _____________PROPOSED LEVEE...Development, Conservation, Environmental Protection Agency, Health, Institute for Environmental Quality, Mines and Minerals. Pollution Control Board...Protection Agency, Health, Institute for Environmental Quality, Mines and Minerals, Pollution Control Board, Registration and Education, Transportation

40 CFR 63.11148 - What are the standards and compliance requirements for existing sources using batch copper...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... acid plant prior to discharge to the atmosphere. (iv) For each secondary capture system that is used to... practicable, maintain and operate any affected source, including associated air pollution control equipment, in a manner consistent with good air pollution control practice for minimizing emissions...

40 CFR 63.11148 - What are the standards and compliance requirements for existing sources using batch copper...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... acid plant prior to discharge to the atmosphere. (iv) For each secondary capture system that is used to... practicable, maintain and operate any affected source, including associated air pollution control equipment, in a manner consistent with good air pollution control practice for minimizing emissions...

40 CFR 63.11148 - What are the standards and compliance requirements for existing sources using batch copper...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... acid plant prior to discharge to the atmosphere. (iv) For each secondary capture system that is used to... practicable, maintain and operate any affected source, including associated air pollution control equipment, in a manner consistent with good air pollution control practice for minimizing emissions...

40 CFR 63.11148 - What are the standards and compliance requirements for existing sources using batch copper...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... acid plant prior to discharge to the atmosphere. (iv) For each secondary capture system that is used to... practicable, maintain and operate any affected source, including associated air pollution control equipment, in a manner consistent with good air pollution control practice for minimizing emissions...

40 CFR 63.11148 - What are the standards and compliance requirements for existing sources using batch copper...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... acid plant prior to discharge to the atmosphere. (iv) For each secondary capture system that is used to... practicable, maintain and operate any affected source, including associated air pollution control equipment, in a manner consistent with good air pollution control practice for minimizing emissions...

The Relationship of Land Use and Transportation Planning to Air Quality Management.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hagevik, George, Ed.

Due to a lack of communication between urban, regional, and transportation planning agencies and air pollution control agencies, cooperative efforts in environmental planning have been nearly non-existent. This traditional lack of communication and understanding serves to obscure the fact that air pollution control agencies and planning agencies…

Impacts of Mercury Pollution Controls on Atmospheric Mercury Concentration and Occupational Mercury Exposure in a Hospital.

PubMed

Li, Ping; Yang, Yan; Xiong, Wuyan

2015-12-01

Mercury (Hg) and Hg-containing products are used in a wide range of settings in hospitals. Hg pollution control measures were carried out in the pediatric ward of a hospital to decrease the possibility of Hg pollution occurring and to decrease occupational Hg exposure. Total gaseous Hg (TGM) concentrations in the pediatric ward and hair and urine Hg concentrations for the pediatric staff were determined before and after the Hg pollution control measures had been implemented. A questionnaire survey performed indicated that the pediatric staff had little understanding of Hg pollution and that appropriate disposal techniques were not always used after Hg leakage. TGM concentrations in the pediatric ward and urine Hg (UHg) concentrations for the pediatric staff were 25.7 and 22.2% lower, respectively, after the Hg pollution control measures had been implemented than before, which indicated that the control measures were effective. However, TGM concentrations in the pediatric ward remained significantly higher than background concentrations and UHg concentrations for the pediatric staff were remained significantly higher than the concentrations in control group, indicating continued existence of certain Hg pollution.

40 CFR 403.19 - Provisions of specific applicability to the Owatonna Waste Water Treatment Facility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... FOR EXIST-ING AND NEW SOURCES OF POLLUTION § 403.19 Provisions of specific applicability to the... Facility is equal to or less than 0.68 pounds per day of chromium, 0.25 pounds per day of copper, 1.17... Noncompliance subject to the publication requirement in § 403.8(f)(2)(vii) at the Minnesota Pollution Control...

40 CFR 63.5799 - How do I calculate my facility's organic HAP emissions on a tpy basis for purposes of determining...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Reinforced Plastic Composites Production... to incorporation of pollution-prevention control techniques, existing facilities may base the average...

A Profile of Tax Subsidies and Investment Behavior in Six Major Polluting Industries (1997)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Reviews investment trends in pollution control technology to determine existing patterns and to highlight the likely investment incentives that six industries, metals mining, petroleum, primary metals, pulp and paper, chemicals, and electric utilities.

Application of Pesticide Phytoremediation in Irrigated Rice Fields System Using Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) Plants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Febriani, Ika Kartika; Hadiyanto

2018-02-01

The problem of environmental pollution especially urban water pollution becomes major issue in Indonesia. The cause of water pollution is not only from industrial factory waste disposal but also other causes which become pollution factor. One cause of water pollution is the existence of agricultural activities with the use of the amount of pesticides that exceed the threshold. As regulated in Government Regulation No. 82/2001 on Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control, it is necessary to manage water quality and control water pollution wisely by taking into account the interests of current and future generations as well as the ecological balance. To overcome the problem of water pollution due to agricultural activities, it is necessary to conduct research on phytoremediation technique by utilizing eceng gondok plant. It is excepted that using this phytoremediation technique can reduce the problem of water pollution due to the use of pesticides on agricultural activities.

BIOTECHNOLOGY: THE PROMISE, POTENTIAL RISKS & HOW CAN WE FIND OUT

EPA Science Inventory

The green science and technology movement prods existing and newly invented technologies to serve stronger roles in enhanced pollution reduction and control. Biotechnology is one of several emerging technologies that are capable of displacing current more polluting technology. Bi...

40 CFR 62.7851 - Identification of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Air Pollution Control Division dated November 23, 2004, certifying that there are no existing sulfuric... Section 62.7851 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS New Mexico...

40 CFR 62.7851 - Identification of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Air Pollution Control Division dated November 23, 2004, certifying that there are no existing sulfuric... Section 62.7851 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS New Mexico...

40 CFR 62.7851 - Identification of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Air Pollution Control Division dated November 23, 2004, certifying that there are no existing sulfuric... Section 62.7851 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS New Mexico...

The realistic dilemma of environmental interest subject of legal responsibility—Based on the perspective of law and economics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fa, L. N.

2017-11-01

As the important environmental interests subject, enterprises, public and government should assume the corresponding responsibility of pollution control and environmental protection. However, in the aspect of environment, there are failure existing in performing government responsibility, the financial expense and investment our government has participated in the aspects of pollution control and environmental protection are serious insufficient. In the meantime, in spite of the clear definition of the range and principles of enterprises’ environmental responsibility according to some corresponding law documents, in view of our country’s condition, enterprises always fail to assume their own environmental responsibility, and there are cases existing in pollution control and environmental protection that the investment is insufficient and the treatment effect is not obvious. In addition, it is especially outstanding in our country that the awareness of public environmental rights is pretty weak. The issues of ecological damage and environmental pollution get worse and worse and the total environmental interests get injured seriously because of the failure and vacancy of environmental responsibility of different subjects of right.

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart V of... - Surge Control Vessels and Bottoms Receivers at Existing Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Receivers at Existing Sources 1 Table 1 to Subpart V of Part 61 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Equipment Leaks (Fugitive Emission Sources) Pt. 61, Subpt. V, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart V of Part 61—Surge Control Vessels and Bottoms Receivers at Existing Sources...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart V of... - Surge Control Vessels and Bottoms Receivers at Existing Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Receivers at Existing Sources 1 Table 1 to Subpart V of Part 61 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Equipment Leaks (Fugitive Emission Sources) Pt. 61, Subpt. V, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart V of Part 61—Surge Control Vessels and Bottoms Receivers at Existing Sources...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart V of... - Surge Control Vessels and Bottoms Receivers at Existing Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Receivers at Existing Sources 1 Table 1 to Subpart V of Part 61 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Equipment Leaks (Fugitive Emission Sources) Pt. 61, Subpt. V, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart V of Part 61—Surge Control Vessels and Bottoms Receivers at Existing Sources...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart V of... - Surge Control Vessels and Bottoms Receivers at Existing Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Receivers at Existing Sources 1 Table 1 to Subpart V of Part 61 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Equipment Leaks (Fugitive Emission Sources) Pt. 61, Subpt. V, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart V of Part 61—Surge Control Vessels and Bottoms Receivers at Existing Sources...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart V of... - Surge Control Vessels and Bottoms Receivers at Existing Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Receivers at Existing Sources 1 Table 1 to Subpart V of Part 61 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Equipment Leaks (Fugitive Emission Sources) Pt. 61, Subpt. V, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart V of Part 61—Surge Control Vessels and Bottoms Receivers at Existing Sources...

The Benefits of Air and Water Pollution Control: A Review and Synthesis of Recent Estimates (1979)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Report provides a survey and critical review of the existing literature (by late 1970s) giving estimates of national benefits or damages, adopting a common framework to provide consistent estimates of air and water pollution benefits.

40 CFR 403.1 - Purpose and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Section 403.1 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GENERAL PRETREATMENT REGULATIONS FOR EXISTING AND NEW SOURCES OF POLLUTION § 403.1...(a) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as amended by the Clean Water Act of 1977 (Pub. L. 95...

The contribution of socioeconomic factors to PM2.5 pollution in urban China.

PubMed

Jiang, Peng; Yang, Jun; Huang, Conghong; Liu, Huakui

2018-02-01

PM 2.5 pollution poses severe health risks to urban residents in low and middle-income countries. Existing studies have shown that the problem is affected by multiple socioeconomic factors. However, the relative contribution of these factors is not well understood, which sometimes leads to controversial controlling measures. In this study, we quantified the relative contribution of different socioeconomic factors, including the city size, industrial activities, and residents' activities, to PM 2.5 pollution in urban China between 2014 and 2015 by using structural equation model (SEM). Our results showed that industrial activities contributed more to PM 2.5 pollution than other factors. The city size and residents' activities also had significant impacts on PM 2.5 pollution. The combined influence of all socioeconomic factors could explain between 44% and 48% of variation in PM 2.5 pollution, which indicated the existence of influences from other factors such as weather conditions and outside sources of pollutants. Findings from our study can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the socioeconomic causes of PM 2.5 pollution. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 403.7 - Removal credits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... GENERAL PRETREATMENT REGULATIONS FOR EXISTING AND NEW SOURCES OF POLLUTION § 403.7 Removal credits. (a... system. Removal as used in this subpart shall not mean dilution of a pollutant in the POTW. (ii) Sludge... D of SWDA); the Clean Air Act; the Toxic Substances Control Act; and the Marine Protection, Research...

40 CFR 407.44 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this...

40 CFR 407.34 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this...

40 CFR 408.114 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the...

40 CFR 408.134 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the...

40 CFR 405.54 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart...

40 CFR 407.14 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart...

40 CFR 408.24 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this...

40 CFR 408.34 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this...

40 CFR 408.194 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this...

40 CFR 408.94 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this...

40 CFR 408.164 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this...

40 CFR 407.54 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this...

40 CFR 408.84 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to...

40 CFR 405.54 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart...

40 CFR 408.104 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this...

40 CFR 408.184 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this...

40 CFR 408.44 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this...

40 CFR 408.64 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the...

40 CFR 408.74 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the...

40 CFR 407.24 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this...

40 CFR 408.54 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this...

40 CFR 408.174 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this...

40 CFR 408.14 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this section which may be discharged to a publicly owned treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart...

78 FR 34431 - Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-07

...EPA is proposing a regulation that would strengthen the controls on discharges from certain steam electric power plants by revising technology-based effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the steam electric power generating point source category. Steam electric power plants alone contribute 50-60 percent of all toxic pollutants discharged to surface waters by all industrial categories currently regulated in the United States under the Clean Water Act. Furthermore, power plant discharges to surface waters are expected to increase as pollutants are increasingly captured by air pollution controls and transferred to wastewater discharges. This proposal, if implemented, would reduce the amount of toxic metals and other pollutants discharged to surface waters from power plants. EPA is considering several regulatory options in this rulemaking and has identified four preferred alternatives for regulation of discharges from existing sources. These four preferred alternatives differ with respect to the scope of requirements that would be applicable to existing discharges of pollutants found in two wastestreams generated at power plants. EPA estimates that the preferred options for this proposed rule would annually reduce pollutant discharges by 0.47 billion to 2.62 billion pounds, reduce water use by 50 billion to 103 billion gallons, cost $185 million to $954 million, and would be economically achievable.

Legal and institutional aspects of regulating intermedia pollution

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Entman, R.M.

1980-05-01

Intermedia pollution is defined here as the creation of new environmental impacts by controlling existing ones. DOE asked four questions: (1) do the major environmental laws address intermedia pollution; (2) does the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have rules, regulations, and procedures through which it considers intermedia questions; (3) do the legislative histories of the laws indicate whether Congress intended for the EPA to consider intermedia issues; and (4) in what ways do the existing laws and regulatory procedures exacerbate intermedia pollution. The answer to the first three questions is yes; much of this report is devoted to amplifying and qualifyingmore » that response, the rest to answering the fourth question. The report frames these issues by asking how we can control the adverse environmental i.e., intermedia, impacts of EPA itself. A case study of the intermedia implications of recently issued air-pollution standards for coal-fired power plants illustrates the themes concretely. An analysis of policy alternatives for improving intermedia pollution control concludes the study. The major problems impending good intermedia policy decisions are: conflicts among and failures fully to implement environmental laws; political pressures; tendencies of EPA to minimize the adverse environmental consequences of its own actions; uncertainties caused by the rudimentary scientific understanding of intermedia pollution; and limitations on EPA's organizational ability to handle whatever complex intermedia information it does obtain. The final chapter assesses three policy responses to these problems: do nothing new; issue an incremental prod; and a new law and EPA suffice. Evaluation of these alternatives depends on how deficient current practices are thought to be.« less

Air Pollution Technology: A Suggested Two-Year Post High School Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Santa Fe Community Coll., Gainesville, FL.

The purpose of this guide is to help school administrators and instructors in planning and developing new programs in the air pollution control field, or in evaluating those in existence. It contains course outlines for technical specialization courses as well as necessary basic science and communication courses. Also included are plans for…

40 CFR 403.19 - Provisions of specific applicability to the Owatonna Waste Water Treatment Facility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GENERAL PRETREATMENT REGULATIONS FOR EXISTING AND NEW SOURCES OF POLLUTION § 403.19 Provisions of specific applicability to the... Noncompliance subject to the publication requirement in § 403.8(f)(2)(vii) at the Minnesota Pollution Control...

40 CFR 62.13106 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Control of Air Emissions of Designated Pollutants from Existing Hospital, Medical, and Infectious Waste.../Infectious Waste Incinerators. (b) Identification of sources: The plan applies to all applicable existing hospital/medical/infectious waste incinerators for which construction commenced on or before June 20, 1996...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Dd of... - Tank Control Levels for Tanks at Existing Affected Sources as Required by 40 CFR 63.685(b)(1)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Existing Affected Sources as Required by 40 CFR 63.685(b)(1) 3 Table 3 to Subpart DD of Part 63 Protection... Hazardous Air Pollutants from Off-Site Waste and Recovery Operations Pt. 63, Subpt. DD, Table 3 Table 3 to Subpart DD of Part 63—Tank Control Levels for Tanks at Existing Affected Sources as Required by 40 CFR 63...

76 FR 6331 - Approval and Disapproval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Colorado; Revision...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-04

... innovative control technology as an alternative to BACT requirements and make other changes as described in... Reasonably Available Control Technology, the initials BACT mean or refer to Best Available Control Technology... definitions also included the definition of Pollution Control Projects at existing electric utility steam...

40 CFR 63.5716 - When must I conduct a performance test?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES... for Open Molding Operations Controlled by Add-on Control Devices § 63.5716 When must I conduct a performance test? (a) If your source is an existing source, you must complete the add-on control device...

Co-control of urban air pollutants and greenhouse gases in Mexico City.

PubMed

West, J Jason; Osnaya, Patricia; Laguna, Israel; Martínez, Julia; Fernández, Adrián

2004-07-01

This study addresses the synergies of mitigation measures to control urban air pollutant and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, in developing integrated "co-control" strategies for Mexico City. First, existing studies of emissions reduction measures--PROAIRE (the air quality plan for Mexico City) and separate GHG studies--are used to construct a harmonized database of options. Second, linear programming (LP) is developed and applied as a decision-support tool to analyze least-cost strategies for meeting co-control targets for multiple pollutants. We estimate that implementing PROAIRE measures as planned will reduce 3.1% of the 2010 metropolitan CO2 emissions, in addition to substantial local air pollutant reductions. Applying the LP, PROAIRE emissions reductions can be met at a 20% lower cost, using only the PROAIRE measures, by adjusting investments toward the more cost-effective measures; lower net costs are possible by including cost-saving GHG mitigation measures, but with increased investment. When CO2 emission reduction targets are added to PROAIRE targets, the most cost-effective solutions use PROAIRE measures for the majority of local pollutant reductions, and GHG measures for additional CO2 control. Because of synergies, the integrated planning of urban-global co-control can be beneficial, but we estimate that for Mexico City these benefits are often small.

Clean Air Technology Center

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Clean Air Technology Center provides resources for emerging and existing air pollution prevention and control technologies and provides public access to data and information on their use, effectiveness and cost.

Evolving policies to regulate pollution from animal feeding operations.

PubMed

Centner, T J

2001-11-01

Due to concentrations of animals at large facilities, animal feeding operations (AFOs) have emerged as a major potential source of water pollution. The federal government regulates concentrated animal feeding operations under its point-source pollution permitting regulations. A major determinant of whether an operation must apply for a permit is the number of animals at an individual lot or facility. This paper examines federal mandatory controls and voluntary guidelines that seek to reduce contaminant pollution from AFOs. Land treatment practices are delineated due to their importance in reducing the injurious by-products of agricultural production. An evaluation of proposed revisions to federal regulations on confined animal feeding operations suggests they diverge from their goal of controlling water pollution. Federal regulations focus on the size of operation and amount of manure governed by the permitting process to the exclusion of other criteria related to the impairment of water quality. Given the uncertainties about the amount of pollution from AFOs, lack of enforcement of existing regulations, localization of problems, and possible alternatives for addressing the pollution, more demanding federal regulations may not form an appropriate response.

Clean Air Technology Center Products

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Clean Air Technology Center provides resources for emerging and existing air pollution prevention and control technologies and provides public access to data and information on their use, effectiveness and cost.

Policy interactions and underperforming emission trading markets in China.

PubMed

Zhang, Bing; Zhang, Hui; Liu, Beibei; Bi, Jun

2013-07-02

Emission trading is considered to be cost-effective environmental economic instrument for pollution control. However, the ex post analysis of emission trading program found that cost savings have been smaller and the trades fewer than might have been expected at the outset of the program. Besides policy design issues, pre-existing environmental regulations were considered to have a significant impact on the performance of the emission trading market in China. Taking the Jiangsu sulfur dioxide (SO2) market as a case study, this research examined the impact of policy interactions on the performance of the emission trading market. The results showed that cost savings associated with the Jiangsu SO2 emission trading market in the absence of any policy interactions were CNY 549 million or 12.5% of total pollution control costs. However, policy interactions generally had significant impacts on the emission trading system; the lone exception was current pollution levy system. When the model accounted for all four kinds of policy interactions, the total pollution control cost savings from the emission trading market fell to CNY 39.7 million or 1.36% of total pollution control costs. The impact of policy interactions would reduce 92.8% of cost savings brought by emission trading program.

Spreadsheet WATERSHED modeling for nonpoint-source pollution management in a Wisconsin basin

USGS Publications Warehouse

Walker, J.F.; Pickard, S.A.; Sonzogni, W.C.

1989-01-01

Although several sophisticated nonpoint pollution models exist, few are available that are easy to use, cover a variety of conditions, and integrate a wide range of information to allow managers and planners to assess different control strategies. Here, a straightforward pollutant input accounting approach is presented in the form of an existing model (WATERSHED) that has been adapted to run on modern electronic spreadsheets. As an application, WATERSHED is used to assess options to improve the quality of highly eutrophic Delavan Lake in Wisconsin. WATERSHED is flexible in that several techniques, such as the Universal Soil Loss Equation or unit-area loadings, can be used to estimate nonpoint-source inputs. Once the model parameters are determined (and calibrated, if possible), the spreadsheet features can be used to conduct a sensitivity analysis of management options. In the case of Delavan Lake, it was concluded that, although some nonpoint controls were cost-effective, the overall reduction in phosphorus would be insufficient to measurably improve water quality.A straightforward pollutant input accounting approach is presented in the form of an existing model (WATERSHED) that has been adapted to run on modern electronic spreadsheets. As an application, WATERSHED is used to assess options to improve the quality of highly eutrophic Delavan Lake in Wisconsin. WATERSHED is flexible in that several techniques, such as the Universal Soil Loss Equation or unit-area loadings, can be used to estimate nonpoint-source inputs. Once the model parameters are determined (and calibrated, if possible), the spreadsheet features can be used to conduct a sensitivity analysis of management options. In the case of Delavan Lake, it was concluded that, although some nonpoint controls were cost-effective, the overall reduction in phosphorus would be insufficient to measurably improve water quality.

40 CFR 62.9510 - Identification of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Oregon Control... sources. The plan applies to all existing MSW landfill facilities in Oregon meeting the requirements as...

About the Clean Air Technology Center

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Clean Air Technology Center provides resources for emerging and existing air pollution prevention and control technologies and provides public access to data and information on their use, effectiveness and cost.

40 CFR 62.3652 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Indiana Metals, Acid Gases, Organic... effective December 1, 2008. [73 FR 56983, Oct. 1, 2008] Control of Air Emissions From Existing Commercial...

40 CFR 62.3660 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Indiana Control of Air Emissions from Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incinerator Units § 62.3660 Identification of plan. On December 20, 2002, Indiana submitted a plan to control emissions from Commercial and...

Retrofitting existing chemical scrubbers to biotrickling filters for H2S emission control

PubMed Central

Gabriel, David; Deshusses, Marc A.

2003-01-01

Biological treatment is a promising alternative to conventional air-pollution control methods, but thus far biotreatment processes for odor control have always required much larger reactor volumes than chemical scrubbers. We converted an existing full-scale chemical scrubber to a biological trickling filter and showed that effective treatment of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the converted scrubber was possible even at gas contact times as low as 1.6 s. That is 8–20 times shorter than previous biotrickling filtration reports and comparable to usual contact times in chemical scrubbers. Significant removal of reduced sulfur compounds, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds present in traces in the air was also observed. Continuous operation for >8 months showed stable performance and robust behavior for H2S treatment, with pollutant-removal performance comparable to that achieved by using a chemical scrubber. Our study demonstrates that biotrickling filters can replace chemical scrubbers and be a safer, more economical technique for odor control. PMID:12740445

Retrofitting existing chemical scrubbers to biotrickling filters for H2S emission control.

PubMed

Gabriel, David; Deshusses, Marc A

2003-05-27

Biological treatment is a promising alternative to conventional air-pollution control methods, but thus far biotreatment processes for odor control have always required much larger reactor volumes than chemical scrubbers. We converted an existing full-scale chemical scrubber to a biological trickling filter and showed that effective treatment of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the converted scrubber was possible even at gas contact times as low as 1.6 s. That is 8-20 times shorter than previous biotrickling filtration reports and comparable to usual contact times in chemical scrubbers. Significant removal of reduced sulfur compounds, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds present in traces in the air was also observed. Continuous operation for >8 months showed stable performance and robust behavior for H2S treatment, with pollutant-removal performance comparable to that achieved by using a chemical scrubber. Our study demonstrates that biotrickling filters can replace chemical scrubbers and be a safer, more economical technique for odor control.

Regulation of Chemicals under Section 6(a) of the Toxic Substances Control Act

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA's existing chemicals programs address pollution prevention, risk assessment, hazard and exposure assessment and/or characterization, and risk management for chemicals substances in commercial use.

40 CFR 62.11620 - Identification of plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... POLLUTANTS Virginia Fluoride Emissions from Existing Primary Aluminum Plants § 62.11620 Identification of... emission guidelines set forth in the Final Guideline Document for the Control of Fluoride Emissions from...

40 CFR 62.11620 - Identification of plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... POLLUTANTS Virginia Fluoride Emissions from Existing Primary Aluminum Plants § 62.11620 Identification of... emission guidelines set forth in the Final Guideline Document for the Control of Fluoride Emissions from...

40 CFR 420.15 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., shall be provided for process wastewaters from wet coke oven gas desulfurization systems, but only to... process wastewaters from other wet air pollution control systems (except those from coal charging and coke pushing emission controls), coal tar processing operations and coke plant groundwater remediation systems...

40 CFR 420.15 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., shall be provided for process wastewaters from wet coke oven gas desulfurization systems, but only to... process wastewaters from other wet air pollution control systems (except those from coal charging and coke pushing emission controls), coal tar processing operations and coke plant groundwater remediation systems...

40 CFR 420.15 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., shall be provided for process wastewaters from wet coke oven gas desulfurization systems, but only to... process wastewaters from other wet air pollution control systems (except those from coal charging and coke pushing emission controls), coal tar processing operations and coke plant groundwater remediation systems...

40 CFR 420.15 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., shall be provided for process wastewaters from wet coke oven gas desulfurization systems, but only to... process wastewaters from other wet air pollution control systems (except those from coal charging and coke pushing emission controls), coal tar processing operations and coke plant groundwater remediation systems...

Nanotechnology, resources, and pollution control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gillett, Stephen L.

1996-09-01

The separation of different kinds of atoms or molecules from each other is a fundamental technological problem. Current techniques of resource extraction, which use the ancient paradigm of the differential partitioning of elements into coexisting phases, are simple but extremely wasteful and require feedstocks (`ores') that are already anomalously enriched. This is impractical for pollution control and desalination, which require extraction of low concentrations; instead, atomistic separation, typically by differential motion through semipermeable membranes, is used. The present application of such membranes is seriously limited, however, mostly because of limitations in their fabrication by conventional bulk techniques. The capabilities of biological systems, such as vertebrate kidneys, are vastly better, largely because they are intrinsically structured at a molecular scale. Nanofabrication of semipermeable membranes promises capabilities on the order of those of biological systems, and this in turn could provide much financial incentive for the development of molecular assemblers, as well established markets exist already. Continued incentives would exist, moreover, as markets expanded with decreasing costs, leading to such further applications as remediation of polluted sites, cheap desalination, and resource extraction from very low-grade sources.

40 CFR 62.9601 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Allegheny County Bureau of Air Pollution Control submitted a letter on August 18, 1978 certifying that there.... 9, 1982, as amended at 50 FR 47735, Nov. 20, 1985] Total Reduced Sulfur Emissions From Existing...

40 CFR 62.6875 - Identification of plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...—negative declaration. Letter from the Chief of the Air Pollution Control Division of the Department of... in the State of Nebraska. Total Reduced Sulfur Emissions From Existing Kraft Pulp Mills ...

40 CFR 62.6880 - Identification of plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Nebraska Total Reduced Sulfur Emissions from Existing Kraft Pulp Mills § 62.6880 Identification of plan—negative declaration. Letter from the Chief of the Air Pollution Control Division of the Department of...

40 CFR 62.9610 - Identification of plan-negative declaration

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Pennsylvania Total Reduced Sulfur Emissions from Existing Kraft Pulp Mills § 62.9610 Identification of plan—negative declaration (a) The Allegheny County Bureau of Air Pollution Control submitted a letter on...

Interactive short-term effects of equivalent temperature and air pollution on human mortality in Berlin and Lisbon.

PubMed

Burkart, Katrin; Canário, Paulo; Breitner, Susanne; Schneider, Alexandra; Scherber, Katharina; Andrade, Henrique; Alcoforado, Maria João; Endlicher, Wilfried

2013-12-01

There is substantial evidence that both temperature and air pollution are predictors of mortality. Thus far, few studies have focused on the potential interactive effects between the thermal environment and different measures of air pollution. Such interactions, however, are biologically plausible, as (extreme) temperature or increased air pollution might make individuals more susceptible to the effects of each respective predictor. This study investigated the interactive effects between equivalent temperature and air pollution (ozone and particulate matter) in Berlin (Germany) and Lisbon (Portugal) using different types of Poisson regression models. The findings suggest that interactive effects exist between air pollutants and equivalent temperature. Bivariate response surface models and generalised additive models (GAMs) including interaction terms showed an increased risk of mortality during periods of elevated equivalent temperatures and air pollution. Cold effects were mostly unaffected by air pollution. The study underscores the importance of air pollution control in mitigating heat effects. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Application of zinc isotope tracer technology in tracing soil heavy metal pollution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Norbu, Namkha; Wang, Shuguang; Xu, Yan; Yang, Jianqiang; Liu, Qiang

2017-08-01

Recent years the soil heavy metal pollution has become increasingly serious, especially the zinc pollution. Due to the complexity of this problem, in order to prevent and treat the soil pollution, it's crucial to accurately and quickly find out the pollution sources and control them. With the development of stable isotope tracer technology, it's able to determine the composition of zinc isotope. Based on the theory of zinc isotope tracer technique, and by means of doing some latest domestic and overseas literature research about the zinc isotope multi-receiving cups of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) testing technology, this paper summarized the latest research results about the pollution tracer of zinc isotope, and according to the deficiencies and existing problems of previous research, made outlooks of zinc isotope fractionation mechanism, repository establishment and tracer multiple solutions.

40 CFR 424.27 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... control technology. 424.27 Section 424.27 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Covered Electric... conventional pollutant control technology. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point...

40 CFR 63.845 - Incorporation of new source performance standards for potroom groups.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the effective date of this subpart, the existing potroom group was designed to accommodate that.../ton) from sampling secondary emissions and the primary control system for potroom groups or sections... by the regulatory authority; and that the potroom group and associated air pollution control...

40 CFR 424.27 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... control technology. 424.27 Section 424.27 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Covered Electric... conventional pollutant control technology. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point...

40 CFR 424.27 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... control technology. 424.27 Section 424.27 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Covered Electric... conventional pollutant control technology. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point...

40 CFR 424.27 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... control technology. 424.27 Section 424.27 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Covered Electric... conventional pollutant control technology. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point...

40 CFR 424.27 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... control technology. 424.27 Section 424.27 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Covered Electric... conventional pollutant control technology. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point...

77 FR 51619 - Source Specific Federal Implementation Plan for Implementing Best Available Retrofit Technology...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-24

... Energy and Non-Air Quality Environmental Impacts C. Comments on Factor Three--Existing Controls at FCPP D... compliance, (2) the energy and non-air quality environmental impacts of compliance, (3) any pollution control... installing and operating any of several equivalent controls on Units 1- 3, and through proper operation of...

77 FR 46361 - Partial Approval and Disapproval of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Nevada; Infrastructure...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-03

... as explicit or implicit reapproval of any existing provisions that relate to these four substantive... information concerning funding and personnel supporting the functions of the three air pollution control...

NASA's Potential Contributions for Remediation of Retention Ponds Using Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Photocatalysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Underwood, Lauren W.; Ryan, Robert E.

2007-01-01

This Candidate Solution uses NASA Earth science research on atmospheric ozone and aerosols data (1) to help improve the prediction capabilities of water runoff models that are used to estimate runoff pollution from retention ponds, and (2) to understand the pollutant removal contribution and potential of photocatalytically coated materials that could be used in these ponds. Models (the EPA's SWMM and the USGS SLAMM) exist that estimate the release of pollutants into the environment from storm-water-related retention pond runoff. UV irradiance data acquired from the satellite mission Aura and from the OMI Surface UV algorithm will be incorporated into these models to enhance their capabilities, not only by increasing the general understanding of retention pond function (both the efficacy and efficiency) but additionally by adding photocatalytic materials to these retention ponds, augmenting their performance. State and local officials who run pollution protection programs could then develop and implement photocatalytic technologies for water pollution control in retention ponds and use them in conjunction with existing runoff models. More effective decisions about water pollution protection programs could be made, the persistence and toxicity of waste generated could be minimized, and subsequently our natural water resources would be improved. This Candidate Solution is in alignment with the Water Management and Public Health National Applications.

The health burden of pollution: the impact of prenatal exposure to air pollutants

PubMed Central

Vieira, Sandra E

2015-01-01

Exposure to atmospheric pollutants in both open and closed environments is a major cause of morbidity and mortality that may be both controlled and minimized. Despite growing evidence, several controversies and disagreements exist among the studies that have analyzed the effects of prenatal pollutant exposure. This review article aims to analyze primary scientific evidence of the effects of air pollution during pregnancy and the impact of these effects on the fetus, infant health, and in particular, the respiratory system. We performed a review of articles from the PubMed and Web of Science databases that were published in English within the past 5 years, particularly those related to birth cohorts that began in pregnancy with follow-up until the first years of life. The largest reported effects are associated with prenatal exposure to particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and tobacco smoke. The primary effects affect birth weight and other parameters of fetal biometry. There is strong evidence regarding the impact of pollutants on morbidity secondary to respiratory problems. Growing evidence links maternal smoking to childhood asthma and wheezing. The role of passive maternal smoking is less clear. Great heterogeneity exists among studies. There is a need for additional studies on birth cohorts to monitor the relationship between the exposure of pregnant women to pollutants and their children’s progress during the first years of life. PMID:26089661

A water quality management strategy for regionally protected water through health risk assessment and spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution in 3 marine reserves.

PubMed

Zhang, Yinan; Chu, Chunli; Li, Tong; Xu, Shengguo; Liu, Lei; Ju, Meiting

2017-12-01

Severe water pollution and resource scarcity is a major problem in China, where it is necessary to establish water quality-oriented monitoring and intelligent watershed management. In this study, an effective watershed management method is explored, in which water quality is first assessed using the heavy metal pollution index and the human health risk index, and then by classifying the pollution and management grade based on cluster analysis and GIS visualization. Three marine reserves in Tianjin were selected and analyzed, namely the Tianjin Ancient Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve (Qilihai Natural Reserve), the Tianjin DaShentang Oyster Reef National Marine Special Reserve (DaShentang Reserve), and the Tianjin Coastal Wetland National Marine Special Reserve (BinHai Wetland Reserve) which is under construction. The water quality and potential human health risks of 5 heavy metals (Pb, As, Cd, Hg, Cr) in the three reserves were assessed using the Nemerow index and USEPA methods. Moreover, ArcGIS10.2 software was used to visualize the heavy metal index and display their spatial distribution. Cluster analysis enabled classification of the heavy metals into 4 categories, which allowed for identification of the heavy metals whose pollution index and health risks were highest, and, thus, whose control in the reserve is a priority. Results indicate that heavy metal pollution exists in the Qilihai Natural Reserve and in the north and east of the DaShentang Reserve; furthermore, human health risks exist in the Qilihai Natural Reserve and in the BinHai Wetland Reserve. In each reserve, the main factor influencing the pollution and health risk were high concentrations of As and Pb that exceed the corresponding standards. Measures must be adopted to control and remediate the pollutants. Furthermore, to protect the marine reserves, management policies must be implemented to improve water quality, which is an urgent task for both local and national governments. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Intake-to-delivered-energy ratios for central station and distributed electricity generation in California

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heath, Garvin A.; Nazaroff, William W.

In previous work, we showed that the intake fraction (iF) for nonreactive primary air pollutants was 20 times higher in central tendency for small-scale, urban-sited distributed electricity generation (DG) sources than for large-scale, central station (CS) power plants in California [Heath, G.A., Granvold, P.W., Hoats, A.S., Nazaroff, W.W., 2006. Intake fraction assessment of the air pollutant exposure implications of a shift toward distributed electricity generation. Atmospheric Environment 40, 7164-7177]. The present paper builds on that study, exploring pollutant- and technology-specific aspects of population inhalation exposure from electricity generation. We compare California's existing CS-based system to one that is more reliant on DG units sited in urban areas. We use Gaussian plume modeling and a GIS-based exposure analysis to assess 25 existing CSs and 11 DG sources hypothetically located in the downtowns of California's most populous cities. We consider population intake of three pollutants—PM 2.5, NO x and formaldehyde—directly emitted by five DG technologies—natural gas (NG)-fired turbines, NG internal combustion engines (ICE), NG microturbines, diesel ICEs, and fuel cells with on-site NG reformers. We also consider intake of these pollutants from existing CS facilities, most of which use large NG turbines, as well as from hypothetical facilities located at these same sites but meeting California's best-available control technology standards. After systematically exploring the sensitivity of iF to pollutant decay rate, the iFs for each of the three pollutants for all DG and CS cases are estimated. To efficiently compare the pollutant- and technology-specific exposure potential on an appropriate common basis, a new metric is introduced and evaluated: the intake-to-delivered-energy ratio (IDER). The IDER expresses the mass of pollutant inhaled by an exposed population owing to emissions from an electricity generation unit per quantity of electric energy delivered to the place of use. We find that the central tendency of IDER is much greater for almost every DG technology evaluated than for existing CS facilities in California.

76 FR 76929 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-09

... active outdoors, and individuals with a pre-existing respiratory disease, such as asthma. On April 30... in 40 CFR Part 52 Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Intergovernmental relations, Ozone...

Firm productivity, pollution, and output: theory and empirical evidence from China.

PubMed

Tang, Erzi; Zhang, Jingjing; Haider, Zulfiqar

2015-11-01

Using a theoretical model, this paper argues that as firm productivity increases, there is a decrease in firm-level pollution intensity. However, as productivity increases, firms tend to increase their aggregate output, which requires the use of additional resources that increase pollution. Hence, an increase in productivity results in two opposing effects where increased productivity may in fact increase pollution created by a firm. We describe the joint effect of these two mechanisms on pollution emissions as the "productivity dilemma" of pollution emission. Based on firm-level data from China, we also empirically test this productivity dilemma hypothesis. Our empirical results suggest that, in general, firm productivity has a positive and statistically significant impact on pollution emission in China. However, the impact of productivity on pollution becomes negative when we control for increases in firm output. The empirical evidence also confirms the positive influence of productivity on output, which suggests that the main determinant of pollution is the firm's output. The empirical results provide evidence of the existence of, what we describe as, the productivity dilemma of pollution emission.

40 CFR 60.5110 - How do I comply with the increment of progress for submittal of a control plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Existing Sewage Sludge Incineration Units Model Rule... pollution control and process changes that you will use to comply with the emission limits and standards and...

40 CFR 63.1112 - Extension of compliance, and performance test, monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting waivers...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories: Generic Maximum Achievable Control Technology... operator of an existing source has installed best available control technology (BACT) (as defined in section 169(3) of the Act) or technology required to meet a lowest achievable emission rate (LAER) (as...

40 CFR 63.1112 - Extension of compliance, and performance test, monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting waivers...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories: Generic Maximum Achievable Control Technology... operator of an existing source has installed best available control technology (BACT) (as defined in section 169(3) of the Act) or technology required to meet a lowest achievable emission rate (LAER) (as...

40 CFR 63.1112 - Extension of compliance, and performance test, monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting waivers...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories: Generic Maximum Achievable Control Technology... operator of an existing source has installed best available control technology (BACT) (as defined in section 169(3) of the Act) or technology required to meet a lowest achievable emission rate (LAER) (as...

40 CFR 63.1112 - Extension of compliance, and performance test, monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting waivers...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories: Generic Maximum Achievable Control Technology... operator of an existing source has installed best available control technology (BACT) (as defined in section 169(3) of the Act) or technology required to meet a lowest achievable emission rate (LAER) (as...

40 CFR 63.1112 - Extension of compliance, and performance test, monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting waivers...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories: Generic Maximum Achievable Control Technology... operator of an existing source has installed best available control technology (BACT) (as defined in section 169(3) of the Act) or technology required to meet a lowest achievable emission rate (LAER) (as...

[Hexavalent chromium pollution and exposure level in electroplating workplace].

PubMed

Zhang, Xu-hui; Zhang, Xuan; Yang, Zhang-ping; Jiang, Cai-xia; Ren, Xiao-bin; Wang, Qiang; Zhu, Yi-min

2012-08-01

To investigate the pollution of hexavalent chromium in the electroplating workplace and screen the biomarkers of chromium exposure. Field occupational health investigation was conducted in 25 electroplating workplaces. 157 electroplating workers and 93 healthy unexposed controls were recruited. The epidemiological information was collected with face to face interview. Chromium in erythrocytes was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The median of short-term exposure concentration of chromium in the air at electroplating workplace was 0.06 mg/m(3) (median) and ranging from 0.01 (detect limit) to 0.53 mg/m(3)). The median concentration of Cr (VI) in erythrocytes in electroplating workers was 4.41 (2.50 ∼ 5.29) µg/L, which was significantly higher than that in control subjects [1.54 (0.61 ∼ 2.98) µg/L, P < 0.01]. After stratified by potential confounding factors such as gender, age, smoking status and alcohol consumption, significant differences still existed between electroplating workers and control subjects, except for the subjects of age less than 30 years old (P = 0.11). There was hexavalent chromium pollution in electroplating workplace. Occupational hazards prevention measures should be taken to control the chromium pollution hazards.

The environmental impact of future coal production and use in the EEC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1983-01-01

The aims of this study are to assess the expected increased levels of coal consumption in the European Community up to the year 2000; to estimate to what extent consumer demand is likely to be met by EEC production; to determine the level of polluting emissions which are likely to derive from changes in coal consumption and production; and finally, to compare the environmental impact of alternative, existing or developing means of coal utilisation. Contents: Conclusions; Future coal supply and demand in the EEC; Environmental consequences of coal production and use; Coal extraction; Transport and storage; Coal combustion: air pollution;more » Coal combustion: water pollution; Pollution from solid wastes; Coal conversion process; Environmental control technology; Bibliography.« less

[The short-term effects of air pollution on mortality: the results of the EMECAM project in 2 cities of Asturias. Estudio Multicéntrico Español sobre la Relación entre la Contaminación Atmosférica y la Mortalidad].

PubMed

Cañada Martínez, A; García González, J V; Rodríguez Suárez, V; Fernández Noval, F; Fernández Rodríguez, C; Huerta González, I

1999-01-01

The studies conducted to date regarding the possibility that air pollutants, at levels considered safe to date, are capable of having impact are capable of having impact on human health have not led to homogeneous findings. This study is aimed at estimating the degrees of relationship between the daily levels of the pollutants and the death rate on a short-terms basis in the two most populated cities in Austria (Gijón and Oviedo), as well as contributing to increasing the statistical importance and the representative nature of the EMECAM Project, within which this study is comprised. Ecological time series study, Estimate of degrees of group exposure based on the readings taken at the pollution control stations. Modeling of the death rate series, including control variables, by means of Poisson regression. Estimating risks related to each pollutant for the death rate, controlling the series-based autocorrelation. Throughout the 1993-1996 period, the pollution by means of particles in suspension and CO was greater in Gijón, that involving SO2 and NO2 having been greater in Oviedo. In these two cities, the levels can be considered to be low and to fall within what is considered admissible under the laws currently in impact. Most of the relative risk forecasts neared the zero impact point, although significant positive (especially for NO2) as well as negative relationships have been found to exist. The significant relationships found were not proven to be consistent in these two cities for the periods studied. Based on the findings of this study, the conclusion cannot be drawn that a clear-cut relationship exists between the pollutants studied (particles, SO2, NO2, CO) and the death rate on a short-term basis, at least at the levels detected in Gijón and Oviedo.

CAPSULE REPORT: HARD CHROME FUME SUPPRESSANTS & CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES

EPA Science Inventory

All existing information which includes the information extrapolated from the Hard Chrome Pollution Prevention Demonstration Project(s) and other sources derived from plating facilities and industry contacts, will be condensed and featured in this document. At least five chromium...

Evaluation of pollution prevention options to reduce styrene emissions from fiber-reinforced plastic open molding processes.

PubMed

Nunez, C M; Ramsey, G H; Kong, E J; Bahner, M A; Wright, R S; Clayton, C A; Baskir, J N

1999-03-01

Pollution prevention (P2) options to reduce styrene emissions, such as new materials and application equipment, are commercially available to the operators of open molding processes. However, information is lacking on the emissions reduction that these options can achieve. To meet this need, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, working in collaboration with Research Triangle Institute, measured styrene emissions for several of these P2 options. In addition, the emission factors calculated from these test results were compared with the existing EPA emission factors for gel coat sprayup and resin applications. Results show that styrene emissions can be reduced by up to 52% by using controlled spraying (i.e., reducing overspray), low-styrene and styrene-suppressed materials, and nonatomizing application equipment. Also, calculated emission factors were 1.6-2.5 times greater than the mid-range EPA emission factors for the corresponding gel coat and resin application. These results indicate that facilities using existing EPA emission factors to estimate emissions in open molding processes are likely to underestimate actual emissions. Facilities should investigate the applicability and feasibility of these P2 options to reduce their styrene emissions.

40 CFR 464.25 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS METAL MOLDING AND CASTING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Copper Casting... existing sources. (a) Casting Quench Operations. PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day... monitoring) 1.2 0.399 (b) Direct Chill Casting Operations. PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for...

Controlled-release Hydrogen Peroxide for On-site Treatment of Organic Pollutants in Urban Storm Runoff

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, E.; Sun, S.; Kim, Y.

2011-12-01

Nonpoint source (NPS) pollutants are the remaining cause of the environment problems, significantly impairing the hydrologic and biologic function of urban water systems and human health. Managing the NPS loads to urban aquatic systems remains a challenge because of ubiquitous contaminant sources and large pollutants loads in the first flush. Best management practices (BMPs) exist for reducing the NPS pollutants in urban storm waters, but the remedial efficiencies of these passive schemes are unpredictable. This study aims to develop a controlled-release system as part of an in situ chemical oxidation scheme designed for on-site treatment of organic pollutants in urban runoff. Controlled-release hydrogen peroxide (CR-HP) solids were manufactured by dispersing fine sodium percarbonate granules in paraffin wax matrices. Release kinetics and treatment efficiencies of CR-HP for BTEX and MTBE were investigated through a series of column tests. Release data indicated that the CR-HP could continually release hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in flowing water at controlled rates over 276-1756 days, and the release rates could be adjusted by changing the mixing ratios of sodium percarbonate and wax matrices. Additional column tests and model calculations demonstrated that CR-HP/UV systems can provide low-cost, target-specific, and persistent source of oxidants for efficient treatment of organic compounds in urban storm runoff.

Priorities for toxic wastewater management in Pakistan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rahman, A.

1996-12-31

This study assesses the number of industries in Pakistan, the total discharge of wastewater, the biological oxygen demand (BOD) load, and the toxicity of the wastewater. The industrial sector is a major contributor to water pollution, with high levels of BOD, heavy metals, and toxic compounds. Only 30 industries have installed water pollution control equipment, and most are working at a very low operational level. Priority industrial sectors for pollution control are medium- to large-scale textile industries and small-scale tanneries and electroplating industries. Each day the textile industries discharge about 85,000 m{sup 3} of wastewater with a high BOD, whilemore » the electroplating industries discharge about 23,000 m{sup 3} of highly toxic and hazardous wastewater. Various in-plant modifications can reduce wastewater discharges. Economic incentives, like tax rebates, subsidies, and soft loans, could be an option for motivating medium- to large-scale industries to control water pollution. Central treatment plants may be constructed for treating wastewater generated by small-scale industries. The estimated costs for the treatment of textile and electroplating wastewater are given. The legislative structure in Pakistan is insufficient for control of industrial pollution; not only do existing laws need revision, but more laws and regulations are needed to improve the state of affairs, and enforcement agencies need to be strengthened. 15 refs., 1 fig., 9 tabs.« less

40 CFR 415.67 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... control technology (BCT). 415.67 Section 415.67 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). (a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to this subpart and using the mercury cell process must achieve the following...

EMERGING TECHNOLOGY BULLETIN: BIOSCRUBBER ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA

EPA Science Inventory

Biofiltratfon is an established economical air pollution control technology for removing organic contaminants from air. The existing filters using natural media, such as peat and compost, have been demonstrated in the field for degrading up to several thousand ppm of contaminants...

40 CFR 62.3625 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Indiana Fluoride.... “Fluoride Emission Limitations for Existing Primary Aluminum Plants.” (b) The plan was officially submitted... Federal NESHAP for controlling fluoride emissions from primary aluminum reduction plants promulgated on...

40 CFR 62.3625 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Indiana Fluoride.... “Fluoride Emission Limitations for Existing Primary Aluminum Plants.” (b) The plan was officially submitted... Federal NESHAP for controlling fluoride emissions from primary aluminum reduction plants promulgated on...

Grassed swales for stormwater pollution control during rain and snowmelt.

PubMed

Bäckström, M

2003-01-01

The retention of suspended solids, particles and heavy metals in different grassed swales during rain events and snowmelt is discussed. The experimental results derived from investigations performed in existing grassed swales in the Luleå region, Northern Sweden. During high pollutant loading rates, grassed swales retain significant amounts of pollutants, mainly due to sedimentation of particulate matter. Low to moderate removal efficiencies could be expected for heavy metals, especially metals in solution (i.e. the dissolved phase). When grassed swales receive urban runoff with low pollutant concentrations, they may release rather than retain pollutants. Swales are important snow deposit areas in the city and particle bound pollutants do to a large extent remain in the swale after snowmelt. However, dissolved pollutants (i.e. dissolved heavy metals) are likely to escape the swale with the melt water. Grassed swales may be regarded as facilities that even out the peaks in pollutant loads without being capable of producing consistent high removal rates. This suggests that swales should be considered as primary treatment devices. Possible design parameters for grassed swales are mean hydraulic detention time, surface loading rate or specific swale area.

76 FR 15607 - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Major Sources: Industrial...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-21

...On September 13, 2004, under authority of section 112 of the Clean Air Act, EPA promulgated national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants for new and existing industrial/commercial/ institutional boilers and process heaters. On June 19, 2007, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit vacated and remanded the standards. In response to the Court's vacatur and remand, EPA is, in this action, establishing emission standards that will require industrial/ commercial/institutional boilers and process heaters located at major sources to meet hazardous air pollutants standards reflecting the application of the maximum achievable control technology. This rule protects air quality and promotes public health by reducing emissions of the hazardous air pollutants listed in section 112(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act.

Air Pollution Forecasts: An Overview

PubMed Central

Bai, Lu; Wang, Jianzhou; Lu, Haiyan

2018-01-01

Air pollution is defined as a phenomenon harmful to the ecological system and the normal conditions of human existence and development when some substances in the atmosphere exceed a certain concentration. In the face of increasingly serious environmental pollution problems, scholars have conducted a significant quantity of related research, and in those studies, the forecasting of air pollution has been of paramount importance. As a precaution, the air pollution forecast is the basis for taking effective pollution control measures, and accurate forecasting of air pollution has become an important task. Extensive research indicates that the methods of air pollution forecasting can be broadly divided into three classical categories: statistical forecasting methods, artificial intelligence methods, and numerical forecasting methods. More recently, some hybrid models have been proposed, which can improve the forecast accuracy. To provide a clear perspective on air pollution forecasting, this study reviews the theory and application of those forecasting models. In addition, based on a comparison of different forecasting methods, the advantages and disadvantages of some methods of forecasting are also provided. This study aims to provide an overview of air pollution forecasting methods for easy access and reference by researchers, which will be helpful in further studies. PMID:29673227

Air Pollution Forecasts: An Overview.

PubMed

Bai, Lu; Wang, Jianzhou; Ma, Xuejiao; Lu, Haiyan

2018-04-17

Air pollution is defined as a phenomenon harmful to the ecological system and the normal conditions of human existence and development when some substances in the atmosphere exceed a certain concentration. In the face of increasingly serious environmental pollution problems, scholars have conducted a significant quantity of related research, and in those studies, the forecasting of air pollution has been of paramount importance. As a precaution, the air pollution forecast is the basis for taking effective pollution control measures, and accurate forecasting of air pollution has become an important task. Extensive research indicates that the methods of air pollution forecasting can be broadly divided into three classical categories: statistical forecasting methods, artificial intelligence methods, and numerical forecasting methods. More recently, some hybrid models have been proposed, which can improve the forecast accuracy. To provide a clear perspective on air pollution forecasting, this study reviews the theory and application of those forecasting models. In addition, based on a comparison of different forecasting methods, the advantages and disadvantages of some methods of forecasting are also provided. This study aims to provide an overview of air pollution forecasting methods for easy access and reference by researchers, which will be helpful in further studies.

40 CFR 62.3330 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Illinois Landfill Gas Emissions from Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills § 62.3330 Identification of plan. The Illinois Plan for implementing the Federal Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Emission Guidelines to control air...

PROCESS DESIGN MANUAL FOR SLUDGE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL

EPA Science Inventory

The purpose of this manual is to provide the engineering community and related industry with a new source of information to be used in the planning, design, and operation of present and future wastewater pollution control facilities. This manual supplements this existing knowledg...

77 FR 4901 - Designation of Areas for Air Quality Planning Purposes; Maryland; Determination of Nonattainment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-01

... who are active outdoors, and individuals with a pre-existing respiratory disease, such as asthma. On... requirements. (See section 307(b)(2).) List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 81 Air pollution control, National parks...

Policy design and performance of emissions trading markets: an adaptive agent-based analysis.

PubMed

Bing, Zhang; Qinqin, Yu; Jun, Bi

2010-08-01

Emissions trading is considered to be a cost-effective environmental economic instrument for pollution control. However, the pilot emissions trading programs in China have failed to bring remarkable success in the campaign for pollution control. The policy design of an emissions trading program is found to have a decisive impact on its performance. In this study, an artificial market for sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions trading applying the agent-based model was constructed. The performance of the Jiangsu SO2 emissions trading market under different policy design scenario was also examined. Results show that the market efficiency of emissions trading is significantly affected by policy design and existing policies. China's coal-electricity price system is the principal factor influencing the performance of the SO2 emissions trading market. Transaction costs would also reduce market efficiency. In addition, current-level emissions discharge fee/tax and banking mechanisms do not distinctly affect policy performance. Thus, applying emissions trading in emission control in China should consider policy design and interaction with other existing policies.

40 CFR 415.534 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Nitrate Production Subcategory § 415.534 Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES). Except as... pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES): Subpart BA—Silver Nitrate Pollution or pollutant property...

40 CFR 415.534 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Nitrate Production Subcategory § 415.534 Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES). Except as... pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES): Subpart BA—Silver Nitrate Pollution or pollutant property...

40 CFR 415.384 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Chloride Production Subcategory § 415.384 Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES). Except as... pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES): Subpart AL—Ferric Chloride Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 415.534 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Nitrate Production Subcategory § 415.534 Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES). Except as... pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES): Subpart BA—Silver Nitrate Pollution or pollutant property...

40 CFR 415.534 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Nitrate Production Subcategory § 415.534 Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES). Except as... pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES): Subpart BA—Silver Nitrate Pollution or pollutant property...

40 CFR 415.534 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Nitrate Production Subcategory § 415.534 Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES). Except as... pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES): Subpart BA—Silver Nitrate Pollution or pollutant property...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Rrr of... - Summary of Monitoring Requirements for New and Existing Affected Sources and Emission Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... Group 1 furnace without add-on controls Fluxing in sidewell furnace hearth Maintain flux addition... emission units with an add-on air pollution control device Emission capture and collection system Annual... specifications, or at least once every 6 months. Group 1 furnace, group 2 furnace, in-line fluxer, and scrap...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Rrr of... - Summary of Monitoring Requirements for New and Existing Affected Sources and Emission Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...; certify every 6 months. Group 1 furnace without add-on controls Fluxing in sidewell furnace hearth... sources and emission units with an add-on air pollution control device Emission capture and collection... to manufacturers specifications, or at least once every 6 months. Group 1 furnace, group 2 furnace...

Controlling for unmeasured confounding and spatial misalignment in long-term air pollution and health studies.

PubMed

Lee, Duncan; Sarran, Christophe

2015-11-01

The health impact of long-term exposure to air pollution is now routinely estimated using spatial ecological studies, owing to the recent widespread availability of spatial referenced pollution and disease data. However, this areal unit study design presents a number of statistical challenges, which if ignored have the potential to bias the estimated pollution-health relationship. One such challenge is how to control for the spatial autocorrelation present in the data after accounting for the known covariates, which is caused by unmeasured confounding. A second challenge is how to adjust the functional form of the model to account for the spatial misalignment between the pollution and disease data, which causes within-area variation in the pollution data. These challenges have largely been ignored in existing long-term spatial air pollution and health studies, so here we propose a novel Bayesian hierarchical model that addresses both challenges and provide software to allow others to apply our model to their own data. The effectiveness of the proposed model is compared by simulation against a number of state-of-the-art alternatives proposed in the literature and is then used to estimate the impact of nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter concentrations on respiratory hospital admissions in a new epidemiological study in England in 2010 at the local authority level. © 2015 The Authors. Environmetrics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

40 CFR 433.15 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... per liter (mg/l) Cadmium (T) 0.69 0.26 Chromium (T) 2.77 1.71 Copper (T) 3.38 2.07 Lead (T) 0.69 0.43... those limits and the pollution control authority. The following amenable cyanide limit may apply in...

40 CFR 433.15 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... per liter (mg/l) Cadmium (T) 0.69 0.26 Chromium (T) 2.77 1.71 Copper (T) 3.38 2.07 Lead (T) 0.69 0.43... those limits and the pollution control authority. The following amenable cyanide limit may apply in...

Alternative Fuels Data Center

Science.gov Websites

National Clean Diesel Campaign (NCDC) The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency established the NCDC to reduce pollution emitted from diesel engines through the implementation of varied control existing diesel fleets, regulations for clean diesel engines and fuels, and regional collaborations and

Japan Toughens Pollution Control Stance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chemical and Engineering News, 1973

1973-01-01

Special responsibility for chemical firms are delineated in three areas: (1) chemical processes that are toxic to man; (2) use best available technology to monitor the safety of effluents; (3) when any doubt of safety exists, the firm should halt operations at once and take preventive action. (DF)

40 CFR 62.3120 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Idaho Control of Non... of plan. (a) The Idaho Division of Environmental Quality submitted to the Environmental Protection..., 1999. (b) Identification of Sources: The Idaho State Plan applies to all existing Municipal Solid Waste...

40 CFR 62.7860 - Identification of sources-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Mexico Emissions from Existing Large Municipal Waste Combustion Units § 62.7860 Identification of sources—negative declaration. Letter from the City of Albuquerque Air Pollution Control Division dated September 10... declaration. 62.7860 Section 62.7860 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR...

40 CFR 62.7860 - Identification of sources-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Mexico Emissions from Existing Large Municipal Waste Combustion Units § 62.7860 Identification of sources—negative declaration. Letter from the City of Albuquerque Air Pollution Control Division dated September 10... declaration. 62.7860 Section 62.7860 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR...

40 CFR 62.7860 - Identification of sources-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Mexico Emissions from Existing Large Municipal Waste Combustion Units § 62.7860 Identification of sources—negative declaration. Letter from the City of Albuquerque Air Pollution Control Division dated September 10... declaration. 62.7860 Section 62.7860 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR...

EFFECTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS

EPA Science Inventory

One commonly used approach to CSO pollution abatement is to rely on a storm-event based design of storage-tank volume to capture CSO for pump-back and/or bleed-back (gravity flow) to the existing WWTP for treatment. However, this approach may not be by itself the most economical...

Final Rule for Control of Air Pollution from Aircraft and Aircraft Engines: Emission Standards and Test Procedures

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is amending the existing emission standards for oxides of nitrogen (NOx) for new commercial aircraft engines. These standards are equivalent to the NOx emission standards of the United Nations International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

40 CFR 421.195 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Indium Subcategory Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average mg...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Secondary Indium... existing sources. The mass of wastewater pollutants in secondary indium process wastewater introduced into...

40 CFR 421.195 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Indium Subcategory Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average mg...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Secondary Indium... existing sources. The mass of wastewater pollutants in secondary indium process wastewater introduced into...

Green remediation. Tool for safe and sustainable environment: a review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Mamta; Pant, Gaurav; Hossain, Kaizar; Bhatia, A. K.

2017-10-01

Nowadays, the bioremediation of toxic pollutants is a subject of interest in terms of health issues and environmental cleaning. In the present review, an eco-friendly, cost-effective approach is discussed for the detoxification of environmental pollutants by the means of natural purifier, i.e., blue-green algae over the conventional methods. Industrial wastes having toxic pollutants are not able to eliminate completely by existing the conventional techniques; in fact, these methods can only change their form rather than the entire degradation. These pollutants have an adverse effect on aquatic life, such as fauna and flora, and finally harm human life directly or indirectly. Cyanobacterial approach for the removal of this contaminant is an efficient tool for sustainable development and pollution control. Cyanobacteria are the primary consumers of food chain which absorbed complex toxic compounds from environments and convert them to simple nontoxic compounds which finally protect higher food chain consumer and eliminate risk of pollution. In addition, these organisms have capability to solve secondary pollution, as they can remediate radioactive compound, petroleum waste and degrade toxins from pesticides.

Environmental Pollution, Toxicity Profile and Treatment Approaches for Tannery Wastewater and Its Chemical Pollutants.

PubMed

Saxena, Gaurav; Chandra, Ram; Bharagava, Ram Naresh

Leather industries are key contributors in the economy of many developing countries, but unfortunately they are facing serious challenges from the public and governments due to the associated environmental pollution. There is a public outcry against the industry due to the discharge of potentially toxic wastewater having alkaline pH, dark brown colour, unpleasant odour, high biological and chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids and a mixture of organic and inorganic pollutants. Various environment protection agencies have prioritized several chemicals as hazardous and restricted their use in leather processing however; many of these chemicals are used and discharged in wastewater. Therefore, it is imperative to adequately treat/detoxify the tannery wastewater for environmental safety. This paper provides a detail review on the environmental pollution and toxicity profile of tannery wastewater and chemicals. Furthermore, the status and advances in the existing treatment approaches used for the treatment and/or detoxification of tannery wastewater at both laboratory and pilot/industrial scale have been reviewed. In addition, the emerging treatment approaches alone or in combination with biological treatment approaches have also been considered. Moreover, the limitations of existing and emerging treatment approaches have been summarized and potential areas for further investigations have been discussed. In addition, the clean technologies for waste minimization, control and management are also discussed. Finally, the international legislation scenario on discharge limits for tannery wastewater and chemicals has also been discussed country wise with discharge standards for pollution prevention due to tannery wastewater.

Assessment of an air pollution monitoring network to generate urban air pollution maps using Shannon information index, fuzzy overlay, and Dempster-Shafer theory, A case study: Tehran, Iran

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pahlavani, Parham; Sheikhian, Hossein; Bigdeli, Behnaz

2017-10-01

Air pollution assessment is an imperative part of megacities planning and control. Hence, a new comprehensive approach for air pollution monitoring and assessment was introduced in this research. It comprises of three main sections: optimizing the existing air pollutant monitoring network, locating new stations to complete the coverage of the existing network, and finally, generating an air pollution map. In the first section, Shannon information index was used to find less informative stations to be candidate for removal. Then, a methodology was proposed to determine the areas which are not sufficiently covered by the current network. These areas are candidates for establishing new monitoring stations. The current air pollution monitoring network of Tehran was used as a case study, where the air pollution issue has been worsened due to the huge population, considerable commuters' absorption and topographic barriers. In this regard, O3, NO, NO2, NOx, CO, PM10, and PM2.5 were considered as the main pollutants of Tehran. Optimization step concluded that all the 16 active monitoring stations should be preserved. Analysis showed that about 35% of the Tehran's area is not properly covered by monitoring stations and about 30% of the area needs additional stations. The winter period in Tehran always faces the most severe air pollution in the year. Hence, to produce the air pollution map of Tehran, three-month of winter measurements of the mentioned pollutants, repeated for five years in the same period, were selected and extended to the entire area using the kriging method. Experts specified the contribution of each pollutant in overall air pollution. Experts' rankings aggregated by a fuzzy-overlay process. Resulted maps characterized the study area with crucial air pollution situation. According to the maps, more than 45% of the city area faced high pollution in the study period, while only less than 10% of the area showed low pollution. This situation confirms the need for effective plans to mitigate the severity of the problem. In addition, an effort made to investigate the rationality of the acquired air pollution map respect to the urban, cultural, and environmental characteristics of Tehran, which also confirmed the results.

Sustainable development of process facilities: state-of-the-art review of pollution prevention frameworks.

PubMed

Hossain, Khandoker A; Khan, Faisal I; Hawboldt, Kelly

2008-01-15

Pollution prevention (P2) strategy is receiving significant attention in industries all over the world, over end-of-pipe pollution control and management strategy. This paper is a review of the existing pollution prevention frameworks. The reviewed frameworks contributed significantly to bring the P2 approach into practice and gradually improved it towards a sustainable solution; nevertheless, some objectives are yet to be achieved. In this context, the paper has proposed a P2 framework 'IP2M' addressing the limitations for systematic implementation of the P2 program in industries at design as well as retrofit stages. The main features of the proposed framework are that, firstly, it has integrated cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) tool with other adequate P2 opportunity analysis tools in P2 opportunity analysis phase and secondly, it has re-used the risk-based cradle-to-gate LCA during the environmental evaluation of different P2 options. Furthermore, in multi-objective optimization phase, it simultaneously considers the P2 options with available end-of-pipe control options in order to select the sustainable environmental management option.

40 CFR 421.275 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Primary Rare Earth... standards for existing sources. The mass of wastewater pollutants in primary rare earth metals process.... PSES for the Primary Rare Earth Metals Subcategory Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1...

40 CFR 421.275 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Primary Rare Earth... standards for existing sources. The mass of wastewater pollutants in primary rare earth metals process.... PSES for the Primary Rare Earth Metals Subcategory Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1...

40 CFR 421.275 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Primary Rare Earth... standards for existing sources. The mass of wastewater pollutants in primary rare earth metals process.... PSES for the Primary Rare Earth Metals Subcategory Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1...

40 CFR 421.275 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Primary Rare Earth... standards for existing sources. The mass of wastewater pollutants in primary rare earth metals process.... PSES for the Primary Rare Earth Metals Subcategory Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1...

40 CFR 421.275 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Primary Rare Earth... standards for existing sources. The mass of wastewater pollutants in primary rare earth metals process.... PSES for the Primary Rare Earth Metals Subcategory Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1...

40 CFR 62.6362 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Missouri Mercury...) Identification of plan. Section 111(d) plan and associated State regulation 10 CSR 10-6.368, Control of Mercury..., 2007. (b) Identification of sources. The plan applies to all new and existing mercury budget units...

40 CFR 62.6362 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Missouri Mercury...) Identification of plan. Section 111(d) plan and associated State regulation 10 CSR 10-6.368, Control of Mercury..., 2007. (b) Identification of sources. The plan applies to all new and existing mercury budget units...

40 CFR 62.6362 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Missouri Mercury...) Identification of plan. Section 111(d) plan and associated State regulation 10 CSR 10-6.368, Control of Mercury..., 2007. (b) Identification of sources. The plan applies to all new and existing mercury budget units...

40 CFR 62.6362 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Missouri Mercury...) Identification of plan. Section 111(d) plan and associated State regulation 10 CSR 10-6.368, Control of Mercury..., 2007. (b) Identification of sources. The plan applies to all new and existing mercury budget units...

40 CFR 62.6362 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Missouri Mercury...) Identification of plan. Section 111(d) plan and associated State regulation 10 CSR 10-6.368, Control of Mercury..., 2007. (b) Identification of sources. The plan applies to all new and existing mercury budget units...

40 CFR 62.4623 - Legal authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Legal authority. 62.4623 Section 62... Control of Designated Pollutants from Existing Facilities (section 111(d) Plan) § 62.4623 Legal authority... adequate legal authority for the State to make emission data, as correlated with applicable emissions...

40 CFR 52.1325 - Legal authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Legal authority. 52.1325 Section 52...) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Missouri § 52.1325 Legal authority. (a... exist in local legal authority. (1) St. Louis County Division of Air Pollution Control: (i) Authority to...

40 CFR 52.1325 - Legal authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 4 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Legal authority. 52.1325 Section 52...) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Missouri § 52.1325 Legal authority. (a... exist in local legal authority. (1) St. Louis County Division of Air Pollution Control: (i) Authority to...

40 CFR 52.1325 - Legal authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Legal authority. 52.1325 Section 52...) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Missouri § 52.1325 Legal authority. (a... exist in local legal authority. (1) St. Louis County Division of Air Pollution Control: (i) Authority to...

40 CFR 62.4623 - Legal authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Legal authority. 62.4623 Section 62... Control of Designated Pollutants from Existing Facilities (section 111(d) Plan) § 62.4623 Legal authority... adequate legal authority for the State to make emission data, as correlated with applicable emissions...

40 CFR 62.4623 - Legal authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Legal authority. 62.4623 Section 62... Control of Designated Pollutants from Existing Facilities (section 111(d) Plan) § 62.4623 Legal authority... adequate legal authority for the State to make emission data, as correlated with applicable emissions...

40 CFR 52.1325 - Legal authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 4 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Legal authority. 52.1325 Section 52...) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Missouri § 52.1325 Legal authority. (a... exist in local legal authority. (1) St. Louis County Division of Air Pollution Control: (i) Authority to...

40 CFR 62.4623 - Legal authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Legal authority. 62.4623 Section 62... Control of Designated Pollutants from Existing Facilities (section 111(d) Plan) § 62.4623 Legal authority... adequate legal authority for the State to make emission data, as correlated with applicable emissions...

40 CFR 52.1325 - Legal authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 4 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Legal authority. 52.1325 Section 52...) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Missouri § 52.1325 Legal authority. (a... exist in local legal authority. (1) St. Louis County Division of Air Pollution Control: (i) Authority to...

40 CFR 62.4623 - Legal authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Legal authority. 62.4623 Section 62... Control of Designated Pollutants from Existing Facilities (section 111(d) Plan) § 62.4623 Legal authority... adequate legal authority for the State to make emission data, as correlated with applicable emissions...

National Environmental/Energy Workforce Assessment for California.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Field Research Center Inc., Iowa City, IA.

This report presents existing workforce levels, training programs and career potentials and develops staffing level projections (1976-1982) based on available information for the State of California. The study concerns itself with the environmental pollution control areas of air, noise, potable water, pesticides, radiation, solid waste,…

40 CFR 62.11610 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Reduced Sulfur Emissions from Existing Kraft Pulp Mills § 62.11610 Identification of plan. (a) Title of... Department of Virginia Department of Air Pollution Control, on May 15, 1990. (c) Identification of sources... process (added), Straight kraft recovery furnace (revised), Total reduced sulfur (revised)), 5-40-1690, 5...

National Environmental/Energy Workforce Assessment: Business and Industry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Field Research Center Inc., Iowa City, IA.

This report presents an indication of existing workforce levels and career potentials for environmental/energy occupations within private industry. The study concerns itself with the environmental pollution control areas of air, noise, potable water, pesticides, radiation, solid waste, wastewater, and energy. The format includes an introduction to…

40 CFR 62.13108 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units. The State Plan includes revisions to Rule 102 and Rule 405 of the... Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units for which construction commenced on or before November 30, 1999... Control of Air Emissions of Designated Pollutants from Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste...

Response mechanisms of conifers to air pollutants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Matyssek, R.; Reich, P.; Oren, R.

1995-07-01

Conifers are known to respond to SO{sub 2}, O{sub 3}, NO{sub x} and acid deposition. Of these pollutants, O{sub 3} is likely the most widespread and phytotoxic compound, and therefore of great interest to individuals concerned with forest resources Direct biological responses have a toxicological effects on metabolism which can then scale to effects on tree growth and forest ecology, including processes of competition and succession. Air pollution can cause reductions in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, which are the physiological parameters most rigorously studied for conifers. Some effects air pollutants can have on plants are influenced by the presence ofmore » co-occurring environmental stresses. For example, drought usually reduces vulnerability of plants to air pollution. In addition, air pollution sensitivity may differ among species and with plant/leaf age. Plants may make short-term physiological adjustments to compensate for air pollution or may evolve resistance to air pollution through the processes of selection. Models are necessary to understand how physiological processes, growth processes, and ecological processes are affected by air pollutants. The process of defining the ecological risk that air pollutants pose for coniferous forests requires approaches that exploit existing databases, environmental monitoring of air pollutants and forest resources, experiments with well-defined air pollution treatments and environmental control/monitoring, modeling, predicting air pollution-caused changes in productivity and ecological processes over time and space, and integration of social values.« less

40 CFR 461.44 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS BATTERY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Leclanche Subcategory § 461... existing sources listed below: (1) Subpart D—Foliar Battery Miscellaneous Wash—PSES. Pollutant or pollutant... 0.015 (b) There shall be no discharge allowance for process wastewater pollutants from any battery...

40 CFR 461.44 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS BATTERY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Leclanche Subcategory § 461... existing sources listed below: (1) Subpart D—Foliar Battery Miscellaneous Wash—PSES. Pollutant or pollutant... 0.015 (b) There shall be no discharge allowance for process wastewater pollutants from any battery...

40 CFR 415.554 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Fluoride Production Subcategory § 415.554 Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES). Except as... pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES): Subpart BC—Sodium Fluoride Pollution or pollutant property... Milligrams per liter (mg/l) Fluoride 50 25 ...

40 CFR 415.554 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Fluoride Production Subcategory § 415.554 Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES). Except as... pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES): Subpart BC—Sodium Fluoride Pollution or pollutant property... Milligrams per liter (mg/l) Fluoride 50 25 ...

Large Efficient Intelligent Heating Relay Station System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, C. Z.; Wei, X. G.; Wu, M. Q.

2017-12-01

The design of large efficient intelligent heating relay station system aims at the improvement of the existing heating system in our country, such as low heating efficiency, waste of energy and serious pollution, and the control still depends on the artificial problem. In this design, we first improve the existing plate heat exchanger. Secondly, the ATM89C51 is used to control the whole system and realize the intelligent control. The detection part is using the PT100 temperature sensor, pressure sensor, turbine flowmeter, heating temperature, detection of user end liquid flow, hydraulic, and real-time feedback, feedback signal to the microcontroller through the heating for users to adjust, realize the whole system more efficient, intelligent and energy-saving.

Characterization of runoff from various urban catchments at different spatial scales in Beijing, China.

PubMed

Zhang, W; Che, W; Liu, D K; Gan, Y P; Lv, F F

2012-01-01

In order to investigate the characterization of runoff in storm sewer from various urban catchments, three monitoring systems at different spatial scales have been installed separately. They have been held since July 2010 in urban area of Beijing (China). The monitoring data revealed that chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and NH(3)-N values significantly exceed the Class V surface water quality standard developed by Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China (MEP). A surface solids buildup and wash off model for small watershed was adopted to analyze and discuss the process of a runoff pollutant discharge. More than a half of pollutant parameters presented a good fit to the model. However, a slightly worse-fit to the wash off model appeared in less than half of the data. Due to the influence of sewer sediments, sewer system characteristics, catchment characteristics, and other reasons, first flush was seldom observed in storm sewer runoff from these three survey areas. Meanwhile, the correlation between TSS and any other pollutant was analyzed according to cumulative load of pollutants in runoff events. An event mean concentrations (EMCs) approach was adopted to quantify the pollution of runoff. EMCs of various pollutants in storm sewer runoff between different rainfall events were slightly higher than the typical values observed in similar areas at home and abroad, according to other studies reported in literature. Based on quantitative analysis, it can be concluded that urban non-point source pollution is recognized as the major causes of quality deterioration in the receiving water bodies. This is after the point source pollution has been controlled substantially in Beijing. An integrated strategy, which combines centralized and decentralized control, along with the conditions of meteorology, hydrology, urban planning, existing drainage system, etc., will be an effective and economic approach to urban runoff pollution control.

40 CFR 464.15 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS METAL MOLDING AND CASTING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Aluminum Casting... existing sources. (a) Casting Cleaning Operations. PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1....0771 0.0421 Lead (T) 0.0791 0.039 Zinc (T) 0.114 0.0431 (b) Casting Quench Operation. PSES Pollutant or...

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION OF EMISSION CONTROLS FOR HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL ENGINES

EPA Science Inventory

While lower emissions limits that took effect in 2004 and reduced sulfur content in diesel fuels will reduce emissions from new heavy-duty engines, the existing diesel fleet, which pollutes at much higher levels, may still have a lifetime of 20 to 30 years. Fleet operators seekin...

National Environmental/Energy Workforce Assessment for New Mexico.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Field Research Center Inc., Iowa City, IA.

This report presents existing workforce levels, training programs and career potentials and develops staffing level projections (1976-1982) based on available information for the State of New Mexico. The study concerns itself with the environmental pollution control areas of air, noise, potable water, pesticides, radiation, solid waste,…

Atmospheric pollution problems and control proposals associated with solid waste management in China: a review.

PubMed

Tian, Hezhong; Gao, Jiajia; Hao, Jiming; Lu, Long; Zhu, Chuanyong; Qiu, Peipei

2013-05-15

Along with population growth, rapid urbanization and industrialization process, the volume of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in China has been increasing sharply in the past 30 years and the total amount of MSW yields will continue to increase. Nowadays, due to global warming warrants particular attention throughout the world, a series of air pollutants (including greenhouse gases, odorous gases, PCDD/Fs, heavy metals, PM, etc.) discharged from waste disposal and treatment processes have become one of the new significant emerging air pollution sources, which arousing great concerns about their adverse effects on surrounding ambient air quality and public health. At present, the overall safely disposed ratio of the collected MSW in China is reported at approximately 78% in 2010, and there are mainly three types of MSW disposal methods practiced in China, including landfill, composting and incineration. The characteristics of air pollutants and greenhouse gases discharge vary substantially among different MSW disposal methods. By presenting a thorough review of MSW generation in China and providing a summarization of the current status of MSW disposal methods practices, this review article makes an integrated overview analysis of existing air pollution problems associated with MSW collection, separation, and disposal processes. Furthermore, some comprehensive control proposals to prevent air pollution for improving MSW management of China in the future are put forward. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

[Regulation framework of watershed landscape pattern for non-point source pollution control based on 'source-sink' theory: A case study in the watershed of Maluan Bay, Xiamen City, China].

PubMed

Huang, Ning; Wang, Hong Ying; Lin, Tao; Liu, Qi Ming; Huang, Yun Feng; Li, Jian Xiong

2016-10-01

Watershed landscape pattern regulation and optimization based on 'source-sink' theory for non-point source pollution control is a cost-effective measure and still in the exploratory stage. Taking whole watershed as the research object, on the basis of landscape ecology, related theories and existing research results, a regulation framework of watershed landscape pattern for non-point source pollution control was developed at two levels based on 'source-sink' theory in this study: 1) at watershed level: reasonable basic combination and spatial pattern of 'source-sink' landscape was analyzed, and then holistic regulation and optimization method of landscape pattern was constructed; 2) at landscape patch level: key 'source' landscape was taken as the focus of regulation and optimization. Firstly, four identification criteria of key 'source' landscape including landscape pollutant loading per unit area, landscape slope, long and narrow transfer 'source' landscape, pollutant loading per unit length of 'source' landscape along the riverbank were developed. Secondly, nine types of regulation and optimization methods for different key 'source' landscape in rural and urban areas were established, according to three regulation and optimization rules including 'sink' landscape inlay, banding 'sink' landscape supplement, pollutants capacity of original 'sink' landscape enhancement. Finally, the regulation framework was applied for the watershed of Maluan Bay in Xiamen City. Holistic regulation and optimization mode of watershed landscape pattern of Maluan Bay and key 'source' landscape regulation and optimization measures for the three zones were made, based on GIS technology, remote sensing images and DEM model.

Seasonal comparison of moss bag technique against vertical snow samples for monitoring atmospheric pollution.

PubMed

Salo, Hanna; Berisha, Anna-Kaisa; Mäkinen, Joni

2016-03-01

This is the first study seasonally applying Sphagnum papillosum moss bags and vertical snow samples for monitoring atmospheric pollution. Moss bags, exposed in January, were collected together with snow samples by early March 2012 near the Harjavalta Industrial Park in southwest Finland. Magnetic, chemical, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), K-means clustering, and Tomlinson pollution load index (PLI) data showed parallel spatial trends of pollution dispersal for both materials. Results strengthen previous findings that concentrate and slag handling activities were important (dust) emission sources while the impact from Cu-Ni smelter's pipe remained secondary at closer distances. Statistically significant correlations existed between the variables of snow and moss bags. As a summary, both methods work well for sampling and are efficient pollutant accumulators. Moss bags can be used also in winter conditions and they provide more homogeneous and better controlled sampling method than snow samples. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Light pollution and protection of optical telescope sites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tan, Huisong; Cen, Xuefen

2002-03-01

There is now great investment in astronomy as a science in China and other countries. We are currently looking forward to the fruits of the astronomical instruments. Unfortunately the light pollution influences optical/infrared observations on the contrast and the signal-to-noise ratio. Astronomy has been retreated to mountains, deserts and into space. The only way is human being aiming for good lighting environments and protecting the telescope sites. The Commission Internationale d'Eclairage, the International Dark-sky Association, the IAU Commission 21 (The Light of the Night Sky) and 50 (Protection of Existing and Potential Observatory Sites) have done many efforts in this field to control light pollution. Some countries (Japan, Chile) or local (Tucson, USA; Canarias, Spain) governments have issued guidelines for light pollution to keep dark sky for observatories. These guidelines could be used as references in China. If we do not solve the question of light pollution, the merely a few acceptable observatories in China have to be retreated.

Family Structure, Residential Mobility, and Environmental Inequality

PubMed Central

Downey, Liam; Crowder, Kyle; Kemp, Robert J.

2016-01-01

This study combines micro-level data on families with children from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics with neighborhood-level industrial hazard data from the Environmental Protection Agency and neighborhood-level U.S. census data to examine both the association between family structure and residential proximity to neighborhood pollution and the micro-level, residential mobility processes that contribute to differential pollution proximity across family types. Results indicate the existence of significant family structure differences in household proximity to industrial pollution in U.S. metropolitan areas between 1990 and 1999, with single-mother and single-father families experiencing neighborhood pollution levels that are on average 46% and 26% greater, respectively, than those experienced by two-parent families. Moreover, the pollution gap between single-mother and two-parent families persists with controls for household and neighborhood socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and race/ethnic characteristics. Examination of underlying migration patterns reveals that single-mother, single-father, and two-parent families are equally likely to move in response to pollution. However, mobile single-parent families move into neighborhoods with significantly higher pollution levels than do mobile two-parent families. Thus, family structure differences in pollution proximity are maintained more by these destination neighborhood differences than by family structure variations in the likelihood of moving out of polluted neighborhoods. PMID:28348440

Determination of a cost-effective air pollution control technology for the control of VOC and HAP emissions from a steroids processing plant

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hamel, T.M.

1997-12-31

A steroids processing plant located in northeastern Puerto Rico emits a combined average of 342 lb/hr of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from various process operations. The approach that this facility used to implement maximum achievable control technology (MACT) may assist others who must contend with MACT for pharmaceutical or related manufacturing facilities. Federal air regulations define MACT standards for stationary sources emitting any of 189 HAPs. The MACT standards detailed in the NESHAPs are characterized by industry and type of emission control system or technology. It is anticipated that the standard will require HAP reductionsmore » of approximately 95%. The steroid plant`s emissions include the following pollutant loadings: VOC/HAP Emission Rate (lb/hr): Methanol 92.0; Acetone 35.0; Methylene chloride 126.0; Chloroform 25.0; Ethyl acetate 56.0; Tetrahydrofuran 5.00; and 1,4-Dioxane 3.00. The facility`s existing carbon adsorption control system was nearing the end of its useful life, and the operators sought to install an air pollution control system capable of meeting MACT requirements for the pharmaceutical industry. Several stand-alone and hybrid control technologies were considered for replacement of the carbon adsorption system at the facility. This paper examines the following technologies: carbon adsorption, membrane separation, thermal oxidation, membrane separation-carbon adsorption, and condensation-carbon adsorption. Each control technology is described; the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing each technology for the steroid processing plant are examined; and capital and operating costs associated with the implementation of each technology are presented. The rationale for the technology ultimately chosen to control VOC and HAP emissions is presented.« less

Tunnel Ventilation Control Using Reinforcement Learning Methodology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chu, Baeksuk; Kim, Dongnam; Hong, Daehie; Park, Jooyoung; Chung, Jin Taek; Kim, Tae-Hyung

The main purpose of tunnel ventilation system is to maintain CO pollutant concentration and VI (visibility index) under an adequate level to provide drivers with comfortable and safe driving environment. Moreover, it is necessary to minimize power consumption used to operate ventilation system. To achieve the objectives, the control algorithm used in this research is reinforcement learning (RL) method. RL is a goal-directed learning of a mapping from situations to actions without relying on exemplary supervision or complete models of the environment. The goal of RL is to maximize a reward which is an evaluative feedback from the environment. In the process of constructing the reward of the tunnel ventilation system, two objectives listed above are included, that is, maintaining an adequate level of pollutants and minimizing power consumption. RL algorithm based on actor-critic architecture and gradient-following algorithm is adopted to the tunnel ventilation system. The simulations results performed with real data collected from existing tunnel ventilation system and real experimental verification are provided in this paper. It is confirmed that with the suggested controller, the pollutant level inside the tunnel was well maintained under allowable limit and the performance of energy consumption was improved compared to conventional control scheme.

Screening of pollution control and clean-up materials for river chemical spills using the multiple case-based reasoning method with a difference-driven revision strategy.

PubMed

Liu, Rentao; Jiang, Jiping; Guo, Liang; Shi, Bin; Liu, Jie; Du, Zhaolin; Wang, Peng

2016-06-01

In-depth filtering of emergency disposal technology (EDT) and materials has been required in the process of environmental pollution emergency disposal. However, an urgent problem that must be solved is how to quickly and accurately select the most appropriate materials for treating a pollution event from the existing spill control and clean-up materials (SCCM). To meet this need, the following objectives were addressed in this study. First, the material base and a case base for environment pollution emergency disposal were established to build a foundation and provide material for SCCM screening. Second, the multiple case-based reasoning model method with a difference-driven revision strategy (DDRS-MCBR) was applied to improve the original dual case-based reasoning model method system, and screening and decision-making was performed for SCCM using this model. Third, an actual environmental pollution accident from 2012 was used as a case study to verify the material base, case base, and screening model. The results demonstrated that the DDRS-MCBR method was fast, efficient, and practical. The DDRS-MCBR method changes the passive situation in which the choice of SCCM screening depends only on the subjective experience of the decision maker and offers a new approach to screening SCCM.

New Directions: Questions surrounding suspended particle mass used as a surrogate for air quality and for regulatory control of ambient urban air pollution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoare, John L.

2014-07-01

The original choice of particulate matter mass (PM) as a realistic surrogate for gross air pollution has gradually evolved into routine use nowadays of epidemiologically-based estimates of the monetary and other benefits expected from regulating urban air quality. Unfortunately, the statistical associations facilitating such calculations usually are based on single indices of air pollution whereas the health effects themselves are more broadly based causally. For this and other reasons the economic benefits of control tend to be exaggerated. Primarily because of their assumed inherently inferior respirability, particles ≥10 μm are generally excluded from such considerations. Where the particles themselves are chemically heterogeneous, as in an urban context, this may be inappropriate. Clearly all air-borne particles, whether coarse or fine, are susceptible to inhalation. Hence, the possibility exists for any adhering potentially harmful semi-volatile substances to be subsequently de-sorbed in vivo thereby facilitating their transport deeper into the lungs. Consequently, this alone may be a sufficient reason for including rather than rejecting during air quality monitoring the relatively coarse 10-100 μm particle fraction, ideally in conjunction with routine estimation of the gaseous co-pollutants thereby facilitating a multi-pollutant approach apropos regulation.

40 CFR 415.24 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Aluminum Sulfate... standards for existing sources (PSES): Subpart B—Aluminum Sulfate Pollutant or pollutant property PSES...

40 CFR 415.24 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Aluminum Sulfate... standards for existing sources (PSES): Subpart B—Aluminum Sulfate Pollutant or pollutant property PSES...

40 CFR 415.24 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Aluminum Sulfate... standards for existing sources (PSES): Subpart B—Aluminum Sulfate Pollutant or pollutant property PSES...

40 CFR 415.14 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Aluminum Chloride... standards for existing sources (PSES): Subpart A—Aluminum Chloride Pollutant or pollutant property PSES...

An auto-adaptive optimization approach for targeting nonpoint source pollution control practices.

PubMed

Chen, Lei; Wei, Guoyuan; Shen, Zhenyao

2015-10-21

To solve computationally intensive and technically complex control of nonpoint source pollution, the traditional genetic algorithm was modified into an auto-adaptive pattern, and a new framework was proposed by integrating this new algorithm with a watershed model and an economic module. Although conceptually simple and comprehensive, the proposed algorithm would search automatically for those Pareto-optimality solutions without a complex calibration of optimization parameters. The model was applied in a case study in a typical watershed of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China. The results indicated that the evolutionary process of optimization was improved due to the incorporation of auto-adaptive parameters. In addition, the proposed algorithm outperformed the state-of-the-art existing algorithms in terms of convergence ability and computational efficiency. At the same cost level, solutions with greater pollutant reductions could be identified. From a scientific viewpoint, the proposed algorithm could be extended to other watersheds to provide cost-effective configurations of BMPs.

[The short-term effects of air pollution on mortality: the results of the EMECAM project in the municipality of Madrid, 1992-1995. Estudio Multicéntrico Español sobre la Relación entre la Contaminación Atmosférica y la Mortalidad].

PubMed

Galán Labaca, I; Aránguez Ruiz, E; Gandarillas Grande, A; Ordóñez Iriarte, J M; Aragonés Sanz, N

1999-01-01

Despite the changes which have taken place in the sources of emissions, the levels of particles, SO2 and CO continue to be high in the municipality of Madrid. Apart from this, photochemical pollutants, such as NO2 and O3 are taking on growing importance due to the increased number of cars and trucks on the road and the major degrees of sunlight in this city. The objective of this article is to set out the short-term relationship between the major pollutants and the daily death rate in the city of Madrid for the 1992-1995 period, using the standardized procedure of the EMECAM Projects (Spanish Multicenter Study of Air Pollution and Death Rate). The daily fluctuations in the death rate for all causes except external ones for all ages and for those individuals over age 69, in addition to those of the circulatory system and respiratory apparatus are related to the daily fluctuations in particles (PM10), SO2, NO2, CO and O3, by means of autoregressive Poisson regression models. The seasonality, tendency, temperature, relative humidity, flu, day of the week, holidays and events out of the ordinary are controlled. Statistically significant positive relationships were found to exist between SO2 and all of the death rate series analyzed, between CO and the death rate of individuals over age 69, as well as with cardiovascular and respiratory deaths and of the particles to the death rate as the result of cardiovascular disease. A statistically significant relationship was also found to exist between NO2 and the cardiovascular death rate. These impact are immediate, that is to say, they occur with the pollutants of the same day. No significant positive relationships were found to exist for O3. These findings suggest that, for a broad spectrum of major pollutants, the current levels of air pollution in Madrid are related to a rise in the death rate.

40 CFR 49.160 - Registration program for minor sources in Indian country.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Implementation Plan Provisions Federal Minor New Source Review Program in Indian Country § 49.160 Registration...) Identification and description of any existing air pollution control equipment and compliance monitoring devices.... (ii) If your true minor source is not an oil and natural gas source and you commence construction...

75 FR 48860 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; New Mexico; Revisions to Emissions...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-12

... matter, and carbon monoxide. The revisions add new definitions; modify existing definitions; and require..., particulate matter, and sulfur dioxide. The SIP is a set of air pollution regulations, control strategies... to submit an annual report of sulfur input in tons per year, and added emission tracking requirements...

75 FR 78916 - Approval and Promulgation of State Air Quality Plans for Designated Facilities and Pollutants...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-17

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 62 [EPA-R03-OAR-2010-0859; FRL -9240-2] Approval and...; Control of Emissions From Existing Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerator (HMIWI) Units, Negative Declaration and Withdrawal of EPA Plan Approval AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Direct...

78 FR 63937 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Approval and Promulgation of State Air Quality...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-25

... Quality Plans for Designated Facilities and Pollutants, State of Iowa; Control of Emissions From Existing Hospital/ Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerator Units, Negative Declaration and 111(d) Plan Rescission... declaration and withdrawal of its section 111(d)/129 plan for Hospital Medical Infectious Waste Incinerators...

Applicability of market-based instruments for safeguarding water quality in coastal waterways: Case study for Darwin Harbour, Australia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Greiner, Romy

2014-02-01

Water pollution of coastal waterways is a complex problem due to the cocktail of pollutants and multiplicity of polluters involved and pollution characteristics. Pollution control therefore requires a combination of policy instruments. This paper examines the applicability of market-based instruments to achieve effective and efficient water quality management in Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory, Australia. Potential applicability of instruments is examined in the context of biophysical and economic pollution characteristics, and experience with instruments elsewhere. The paper concludes that there is potential for inclusion of market-based instruments as part of an instrument mix to safeguard water quality in Darwin Harbour. It recommends, in particular, expanding the existing licencing system to include quantitative pollution limits for all significant point polluters; comprehensive and independent pollution monitoring across Darwin Harbour; public disclosure of water quality and emissions data; positive incentives for landholders in the Darwin Harbour catchment to improve land management practices; a stormwater offset program for greenfield urban developments; adoption of performance bonds for developments and operations which pose a substantial risk to water quality, including port expansion and dredging; and detailed consideration of a bubble licensing scheme for nutrient pollution. The paper offers an analytical framework for policy makers and resource managers tasked with water quality management in coastal waterways elsewhere in Australia and globally, and helps to scan for MBIs suitable in any given environmental management situation.

75 FR 9647 - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Reciprocating Internal Combustion...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-03

...EPA is promulgating national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants for existing stationary compression ignition reciprocating internal combustion engines that either are located at area sources of hazardous air pollutant emissions or that have a site rating of less than or equal to 500 brake horsepower and are located at major sources of hazardous air pollutant emissions. In addition, EPA is promulgating national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants for existing non-emergency stationary compression ignition engines greater than 500 brake horsepower that are located at major sources of hazardous air pollutant emissions. Finally, EPA is revising the provisions related to startup, shutdown, and malfunction for the engines that were regulated previously by these national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants.

The evolution of pollution profile and health risk assessment for three groups SVOCs pollutants along with Beijiang River, China.

PubMed

Tang, Jiao; An, Taicheng; Xiong, Jukun; Li, Guiying

2017-12-01

Three important groups of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organic chlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and phthalate esters (PAEs), were produced by various human activities and entered the water body. In this study, the pollution profiles of three species including 16 PAHs, 20 OCPs and 15 PAEs in water along the Beijiang River, China were investigated. The concentrations of Σ 16 PAHs in the dissolved and particulate phases were obtained as 69-1.5 × 10 2 ng L -1 and 2.3 × 10 3 -8.6 × 10 4 ng g -1 , respectively. The levels of Σ 20 OCPs were 23-66 ng L -1 (dissolved phase) and 19-1.7 × 10 3 ng g -1 (particulate phase). Nevertheless, higher levels of PAEs were found both in the dissolved and particulate phases due to abuse use of plastic products. Furthermore, non-cancer and cancer risks caused by these SVOCs through the ingestion absorption and dermal absorption were also assessed. There was no non-cancer risk existed through two kinds of exposure of them at current levels, whereas certain cancer risk existed through dermal absorption of PAHs in the particulate phase in some sampling sites. The results will show scientific insights into the evaluation of the status of combined pollution in river basins, and the determination of strategies for incident control and pollutant remediation.

Bioresources for control of environmental pollution.

PubMed

Sana, Barindra

2015-01-01

Environmental pollution is one of the biggest threats to human beings. For practical reasons it is not possible to stop most of the activities responsible for environmental pollution; rather we need to eliminate the pollutants. In addition to other existing means, biological processes can be utilized to get rid of toxic pollutants. Degradation, removal, or deactivation of pollutants by biological means is known as bioremediation. Nature itself has several weapons to deal with natural wastage and some of them are equally active for eliminating nonnatural pollutants. Several plants, microorganisms, and some lower eukaryotes utilize environmental pollutants as nutrients and some of them are very efficient for decontaminating specific types of pollutants. If exploited properly, these natural resources have enough potential to deal with most elements of environmental pollution. In addition, several artificial microbial consortia and genetically modified organisms with high bioremediation potential were developed by application of advanced scientific tools. On the other hand, natural equilibria of ecosystems are being affected by human intervention. Rapid population growth, urbanization, and industrialization are destroying ecological balances and the natural remediation ability of the Earth is being compromised. Several potential bioremediation tools are also being destroyed by biodiversity destruction of unexplored ecosystems. Pollution management by bioremediation is highly dependent on abundance, exploration, and exploitation of bioresources, and biodiversity is the key to success. Better pollution management needs the combined actions of biodiversity conservation, systematic exploration of natural resources, and their exploitation with sophisticated modern technologies.

The air quality and health co-benefits of alternative post-2020 pathways for achieving peak carbon targets in Jiangsu, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, M.; Bi, J.; Huang, Y.; Kinney, P. L.

2016-12-01

Jiangsu, which has three national low-carbon pilot cities, is set to be a model province in China for achieving peak carbon targets before 2030. However, according to local planning of responding to climate change, carbon emissions are projected to keep going up before 2020 even the strictest measures are implemented. In other words, innovative measures must be in action after 2020. This work aimed at assessing the air quality and health co-benefits of alternative post-2020 measures to help remove barriers of policy implementation through tying it to local incentives for air quality improvement. To achieve the aim, we select 2010 as baseline year and develop Bussiness As Usual (BAU) and Traditional Carbon Reduction (TCR) scenarios before 2020. Under BAU, only existing climate and air pollution control policies are considered; under TCR, potential climate policies in local planning and existing air pollution control policies are considered. After 2020, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology and large-scale substitution of renewable energy seem to be two promising pathways for achieving peak carbon targets. Therefore, two additional scenarios (TCR-IGCC and TCR-SRE) are set after 2020. Based on the projections of future energy balances and industrial productions, we estimate the pollutant emissions and simulate PM2.5 and ozone concentrations by 2017, 2020, 2030 and 2050 using CMAQ. Then using health impact assessment approach, the premature deaths are estimated and monetized. Results show that the carbon peak in Jiangsu will be achieved before 2030 only under TCR-IGCC and TCR-SRE scenarios. Under three policy scenarios, Jiangsu's carbon emission control targets would have substantial effects on primary air pollutant emissions far beyond those we estimate would be needed to meet the PM2.5 concentration targets in 2017. Compared with IGCC with CCS, large-scale substitutions of renewable energy bring comparable pollutant emission reductions but more health benefits because it reduces more emissions from traffic sources which are more harmful to health. However, large-scale substitution of renewable energy posed challenges on energy supply capacity, which need to be seriously considered in future policy decision.

Distribution of selected carcinogenic hydrocarbon and heavy metals in an oil-polluted agriculture zone.

PubMed

Nwaichi, E O; Wegwu, M O; Nwosu, U L

2014-12-01

Owing to the importance of clean and fertile agricultural soil for the continued existence of man, this study investigated the concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and some heavy metals in soils and selected commonly consumed vegetables and tubers from oil-polluted active agricultural farmland in Gokana of Ogoniland, Rivers State, Nigeria. Samples from Umuchichi, Osisioma Local Government Area in Abia State, Nigeria, a non-oil-polluted area constituted the control. In test and control, up to 3,830 ± 19.6 mgkg(-1) dw and 6,950 ± 68.3 mgkg(-1) dw (exceeding DPR set limits) and 11.3 ± 0.04 mgkg(-1) dw and 186 ± 0.02 mgkg(-1) dw for TPH and PAHs, respectively, were recorded in test soil and plant samples, respectively. Among the metals studied (Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, Fe and Zn), Pb and Cr uptake exceeded WHO set limits for crops in test samples. Combined sources of pollution were evident from our studies. Bitterleaf and Waterleaf could be tried as bioindicators owing to expressed contaminants uptake pattern.

Source apportionment of indoor air pollution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sexton, Ken; Hayward, Steven B.

An understanding of the relative contributions from important pollutant sources to human exposures is necessary for the design and implementation of effective control strategies. In the past, societal efforts to control air pollution have focused almost exclusively on the outdoor (ambient) environment. As a result, substantial amounts of time and money have been spent to limit airborne discharges from mobile and stationary sources. Yet it is now recognized that exposures to elevated pollutant concentrations often occur as a result of indoor, rather than outdoor, emissions. While the major indoor sources have been identified, their relative impacts on indoor air quality have not been well defined. Application of existing source apportionment models to nonindustrial indoor environments is only just beginning. It is possible that these models might be used to distinguish between indoor and outdoor emissions, as well as to distinguish among indoor sources themselves. However, before the feasibility and suitability of source-apportionment methods for indoor applications can be assessed adequately, it is necessary to take account of model assumptions and associated data requirements. This paper examines the issue of indoor source apportionment and reviews the need for emission characterization studies to support such source-apportionment efforts.

Discussion about initial runoff and volume capture ratio of annual rainfall.

PubMed

Zhang, Kun; Che, Wu; Zhang, Wei; Zhao, Yang

2016-10-01

In recent years, runoff pollution from urban areas has become a major concern all over the world. But there exists a worldwide confusion about how much stormwater should be captured for the purpose of runoff pollution control. Furthermore, the construction cost and pollution control efficiency are closely linked with the size of stormwater facilities, which is then related to the first flush (FF) phenomenon and volume capture ratio of annual rainfall (VCRa). Based on this background, analysis of the random and changeable characteristics of the occurrence of FF was carried out first, which was proved to vary with catchment characteristics and pollutant types. Secondly, the distribution of design rainfall depth toward 85% VCRa in China and its causes have been analyzed. Thirdly, the relationship between initial runoff and VCRa has been studied at both conceptual and numerical levels, and the change rule of VCRa along with design rainfall depth in different regions has been studied. The limitation of initial runoff has been illustrated from the perspective of runoff characteristics of single rainfall events in the first part, and from the perspective of regional differences in the two subsequent parts.

40 CFR 467.35 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) 110 53 Subpart C Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water Pollutant or pollutant property PSES...) 69 35 Subpart C Press Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water Pollutant or pollutant property PSES...

40 CFR 467.35 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) 110 53 Subpart C Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water Pollutant or pollutant property PSES...) 69 35 Subpart C Press Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water Pollutant or pollutant property PSES...

40 CFR 467.35 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) 110 53 Subpart C Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water Pollutant or pollutant property PSES...) 69 35 Subpart C Press Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water Pollutant or pollutant property PSES...

Mercury emission trend influenced by stringent air pollutants regulation for coal-fired power plants in Korea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pudasainee, Deepak; Kim, Jeong-Hun; Seo, Yong-Chil

2009-12-01

Regulatory control of mercury emission from anthropogenic sources has become a global concern in the recent past. Coal-fired power plants are one of the largest sources of anthropogenic mercury emission into the atmosphere. This paper summarizes the current reducing trend of mercury emission as co-beneficial effect by more stringent regulation changes to control primary air pollutants with introducing test results from the commercial coal-fired facilities and suggesting a guideline for future regulatory development in Korea. On average, mercury emission concentrations ranged 16.3-2.7 μg Sm -3, 2.4-1.1 μg Sm -3, 3.1-0.7 μg Sm -3 from anthracite coal-fired power plants equipped with electrostatic precipitator (ESP), bituminous coal-fired power plants with ESP + flue gas desulphurization (FGD) and bituminous coal-fired power plants with selective catalytic reactor (SCR) + cold side (CS) - ESP + wet FGD, respectively. Among the existing air pollution control devices, the best configuration for mercury removal in coal-fired power plants was SCR + CS - ESP + wet FGD, which were installed due to the stringent regulation changes to control primary air pollutants emission such as SO 2, NOx and dust. It was estimated that uncontrolled and controlled mercury emission from coal-fired power plants as 10.3 ton yr -1 and 3.2 ton yr -1 respectively. After the installation of ESP, FGD and SCR system, following the enforcement of the stringent regulation, 7.1 ton yr -1 of mercury emission has been reduced (nearly 69%) from coal-fired power plants as a co-benefit control. Based on the overall study, a sample guideline including emission limits were suggested which will be applied to develop a countermeasure for controlling mercury emission from coal-fired power plants.

Linked Analysis of East Asia Emission Reduction Pathways

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Y.; Woo, J. H.; Bu, C.; Lee, Y.; Kim, J.; Jang, Y.; Park, M.

2017-12-01

Air pollution and its impacts over the Northeast Asia are very severe because of the massive pollutant emissions and high population. Korea has been trying to improve air quality with the enhanced environmental legislation. The air quality over Korea, however, does not entirely dependent on its local emissions. Transboundary air pollution from China highly affects Korean atmosphere. The purpose of this research is to understand role of local and transbounday efforts to improve air quality changes over Korea. In this research, we have tried to set up the multiple emission scenario pathways for Korea and China using IIASA's GAINS (Greenhouse gas - Air pollution Interactions aNd Synergies) modeling framework. More up-to-date growth factors and control policy packets were made using regional socio-economic data and control policy information from local governments and international statistics. Four major scenario pathways, 1) Base (Baseline: current legislation), 2) OTB/OTB(On the book/On the way : existing control measure/planed control measure), 3) BOTW_GHG(Beyond on the way : OTW with GHG reduction plan), 4) BOTW_NH3 (OTW with additional NH3 reduction measure) were developed to represent air quality improvement pathways in consideration of both Korean and Chinese efforts. Strict ambient PM2.5 standards from Seoul metropolitan Air quality Improvement Plan(SAIP) seems too enthusiastic without linking air quality control efforts of China. Step-by-step emission controls and following air quality, control cost, health impact from each scenario will be presented at the conference. This subject is supported by Korea Ministry of Environment as "Climate Change Correspondence Program". And This work was supported under the framework of national strategy project on fine particulate matters by Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning.

Pollutant Dilution and Diffusion in Urban Street Canyon Neighboring Streets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Z.; Fu, Zh. M.

2011-09-01

In the present study we investigated the airflow patterns and air quality of a series of typical street canyon combinations, developed a mass balance model to determine the local pollutant dilution rate, and discuss the impact of upstream canyon on the air quality of downstream canyon. The results indicated that the geometrical size of upstream and downstream buildings have significant impacts on the ambient airflow patterns. The pollution distribution within the canyons varies with different building combinations and flow patterns. Within the upstream canyon, pollution always accumulates to the low building side for non-symmetrical canyon, and for symmetrical canyon high level of pollution occurs at the leeward side. The height of the middle and downstream buildings can evidently change the pollutant dispersion direction during the transport process. Within the polluted canyon, the pollutant dilution rate (PDR) also varies with different street canyon combinations. The highest PDR is observed when the upstream buildings are both low buildings no matter the height of downstream building. However, the two cases are likely to contribution pollution to the downstream canyon. The H-L-H combination is mostly against local pollution remove, while the L-H-L case is considered the best optimistic building combination with both the ability of diluting local pollution and not remarkably decreasing air quality of downstream canyon. The current work is expected instructive for city designers to optimize traffic patterns under typical existing geometry or in the development of urban geometry modification for air quality control.

[The short-term effects of air pollution on mortality: the results of the EMECAM project in the city of Huelva, 1993-96. Estudio Multicéntrico Español sobre la Relación entre la Contaminación Atmosférica y la Mortalidad].

PubMed

Daponte Codina, A; Gutiérrez-Cuadra, P; Ocaña Riola, R; Gurucelain Raposo, J L; Maldonado Pérez, J A; Garrido de la Sierra, R; Serrano Aguilar, J; Mayoral Cortes, J M

1999-01-01

The objective of this study was to estimate the relationship between the levels of air pollution and the daily mortality in the city of Huelva for the 1993-1996 period using the EMECAM methodology. The number of daily deaths for all causes except external ones, the death rate of those over age 69, due to diseases of the circulatory system and for respiratory diseases were used as rate indicators. Four pollutants--SO2, PM10, NO2 and CO--were analyzed, the daily levels of which were furnished by the air pollution monitoring network in Huelva. Autoregressive Poisson regression models were constructed controlling by tendency, seasonality, temperature, humidity, flue and events out of the ordinary. For the mortality rate for all causes, a significant association impact was found to exist for the NO2 for the entire period (RR10 microgram/m3: 1.0414; CI95%: 1.0047-1.0794) and for the particles (PM10) for the cold half of the year (RR10 microgram/m3: 1.0358; CI95%: 1.007-1.0722). For the mortality in people over age 69, a significant relationship was found to exist for SO2 throughout the entire period (RR10 microgram/m3: 1.0606; CI95%: 1.0020-1.1227). A significant relationship to the mortality from respiratory disease particles (PM10) was found to exist for the cold half of the year (RR10 microgram/m3: 1.1412; IC95%: 1.0300-1.2644). There was no association of contaminants with cardiovascular mortality; also there was no association between levels of CO and mortality indicators. In Huelva, significant relationships have been found to exist between the current levels of air pollution resulting from particles, SO2 and NO2 and the daily mortality. The impact of these pollutants on the mortality is coherent with scientific literature, although in the case of Huelva, the extremely small number of daily deaths due to its small population and other factors limit the consistency thereof.

Atmospheric pollution reduction effect and regional predicament: An empirical analysis based on the Chinese provincial NOx emissions.

PubMed

Ding, Lei; Liu, Chao; Chen, Kunlun; Huang, Yalin; Diao, Beidi

2017-07-01

Atmospheric pollution emissions have become a matter of public concern in recent years. However, most of the existing researches on NOx pollution are from the natural science and technology perspective, few studies have been conducted from an economic point, and regional differences have not been given adequate attention. This paper adopts provincial panel data from 2006 to 2013 and the LMDI model to analyze the key driving factors and regional dilemmas of NOx emissions. The results show that significant regional disparities still exit on NO x emissions and its reduction effect 27 provinces didn't accomplish their corresponding reduction targets. Economic development factor is the dominating driving factor of NO x emissions during the study period, while energy efficiency and technology improvement factors offset total NO x emissions in the majority of provinces. In addition, the industrial structure factor plays a more significant role in reducing the NO x emissions after 2011. Therefore, the government should consider all these factors as well as regional heterogeneity in developing appropriate pollution mitigating policies. It's necessary to change NOx emissions control attitude from original key areas control to divided-zone control, not only attaches great importance to the reduction of the original key areas, but also emphasizes the new potential hotspots with high NO x emissions. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mercury in coal and the impact of coal quality on mercury emissions from combustion systems

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kolker, A.; Senior, C.L.; Quick, J.C.

2006-01-01

The proportion of Hg in coal feedstock that is emitted by stack gases of utility power stations is a complex function of coal chemistry and properties, combustion conditions, and the positioning and type of air pollution control devices employed. Mercury in bituminous coal is found primarily within Fe-sulfides, whereas lower rank coal tends to have a greater proportion of organic-bound Hg. Preparation of bituminous coal to reduce S generally reduces input Hg relative to in-ground concentrations, but the amount of this reduction varies according to the fraction of Hg in sulfides and the efficiency of sulfide removal. The mode of occurrence of Hg in coal does not directly affect the speciation of Hg in the combustion flue gas. However, other constituents in the coal, notably Cl and S, and the combustion characteristics of the coal, influence the species of Hg that are formed in the flue gas and enter air pollution control devices. The formation of gaseous oxidized Hg or particulate-bound Hg occurs post-combustion; these forms of Hg can be in part captured in the air pollution control devices that exist on coal-fired boilers, without modification. For a given coal type, the capture efficiency of Hg by pollution control systems varies according to type of device and the conditions of its deployment. For bituminous coal, on average, more than 60% of Hg in flue gas is captured by fabric filter (FF) and flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) systems. Key variables affecting performance for Hg control include Cl and S content of the coal, the positioning (hot side vs. cold side) of the system, and the amount of unburned C in coal ash. Knowledge of coal quality parameters and their effect on the performance of air pollution control devices allows optimization of Hg capture co-benefit. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Method for screening prevention and control measures and technologies based on groundwater pollution intensity assessment.

PubMed

Li, Juan; Yang, Yang; Huan, Huan; Li, Mingxiao; Xi, Beidou; Lv, Ningqing; Wu, Yi; Xie, Yiwen; Li, Xiang; Yang, Jinjin

2016-05-01

This paper presents a system for determining the evaluation and gradation indices of groundwater pollution intensity (GPI). Considering the characteristics of the vadose zone and pollution sources, the system decides which anti-seepage measures should be implemented at the contaminated site. The pollution sources hazards (PSH) and groundwater intrinsic vulnerability (GIV) are graded by the revised Nemerow Pollution Index and an improved DRTAS model, respectively. GPI is evaluated and graded by a double-sided multi-factor coupling model, which is constructed by the matrix method. The contaminated sites are categorized as prior, ordinary, or common sites. From the GPI results, we develop guiding principles for preventing and removing pollution sources, procedural interruption and remediation, and end treatment and monitoring. Thus, we can select appropriate prevention and control technologies (PCT). To screen the technological schemes and optimize the traditional analytical hierarchy process (AHP), we adopt the technique for order preference by the similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. Our GPI approach and PCT screening are applied to three types of pollution sites: the refuse dump of a rare earth mine development project (a potential pollution source), a chromium slag dump, and a landfill (existing pollution sources). These three sites are identified as ordinary, prior, and ordinary sites, respectively. The anti-seepage materials at the refuse dump should perform as effectively as a 1.5-m-thick clay bed. The chromium slag dump should be preferentially treated by soil flushing and in situ chemical remediation. The landfill should be treated by natural attenuation technology. The proposed PCT screening approach was compared with conventional screening methods results at the three sites and proved feasible and effective. The proposed method can provide technical support for the monitoring and management of groundwater pollution in China. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.

40 CFR 63.11455 - What are the continuous compliance requirements for new and existing sources?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Glass Manufacturing Area Sources Standards, Compliance, and Monitoring Requirements § 63.11455 What are... pollution control and monitoring equipment, according to the provisions in § 63.6(e)(1)(i). (c) For each... as specified in your approved alternative monitoring plan. (2) For each new affected furnace that is...

76 FR 39357 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, Imperial County Air Pollution Control...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-06

... the California State Implementation Plan, Imperial County Air Pollution Control District, Kern County Air Pollution Control District, and Ventura County Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... the Imperial County Air Pollution Control District (ICAPCD), Kern County Air Pollution Control...

Satellite Monitoring of Oil Spills in the Mediterranean Sea For 1999-2004

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Topouzelis, Konstantinos; Muellenhoff, Oliver; Tarchi, Dario; Ferraro, Guido

2008-01-01

Besides accidental pollution caused by ships in distress, different types of routine ship operations lead to deliberate discharges of oil in the sea. Accidental pollution at sea can be reduced but never completely eliminated. On the other hand, deliberate illegal discharges from ships can indeed be reduced by the strict enforcement of existing regulations and the control, monitoring and surveillance of maritime traffic. Operational discharges are the greatest source of marine pollution from ships, and the one which poses a long-term threat to the marine and coastal environment.The present activities of the Joint Research Centre (JRC), in the field of monitoring sea-based oil pollution using space-borne radar imagery are described. The results obtained for the period 1999-2004 for the Mediterranean Sea are presented. This analysis is of special interest due to the lack of a regular aerial surveillance as that in the North and Baltic Sea. This action helped to reveal what the dimension of the oil pollution problem is, thus stressing the need for more concerted international actions.

CAPSULE REPORT: HARD CHROME FUME ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

All existing information which includes the information extrapolated from the Hard Chrome Pollution Prevention Demonstration Project(s) and other sources derived from plating facilities and industry contacts, will be condensed and featured in this document. At least five chromium emission prevention/control devices have been tested covering a wide spectrum of techniques currently in use at small and large-sized chrome metal plating shops. The goal for limiting chromium emissions to levels specified in the MACT Standards are: (1) 0.030 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter of air (mg/dscm) for small facilities with existing tanks, (2) 0.015 mg/dscm for small facilities with new tanks or large facilities with existing or new tanks. It should be emphasized that chemical mist suppressants still have quality issues and work practices that need to be addressed when they are used. Some of the mist suppressants currently in use are: one-, two-, and three-stage mesh pad mist eliminators; composite mesh pad mist eliminators; packed-bed scrubbers and polyballs. This capsule report should, redominantly, emphasize pollution prevention techniques and include, but not be restricted to, the afore-mentioned devices. Information

Integrated Environmental Risk Assessment and Whole-Process Management System in Chemical Industry Parks

PubMed Central

Shao, Chaofeng; Yang, Juan; Tian, Xiaogang; Ju, Meiting; Huang, Lei

2013-01-01

Chemical industry parks in China are considered high-risk areas because they present numerous risks that can damage the environment, such as pollution incidents. In order to identify the environmental risks and the principal risk factors in these areas, we have developed a simple physical model of a regional environmental risk field (ERF) using existing dispersal patterns and migration models. The regional ERF zoning was also conducted and a reference value for diagnostic methods was developed to determine risk-acceptable, risk-warning, and risk-mitigation zones, which can provide a risk source layout for chemical industry parks. In accordance with the environmental risk control requirements, this study focused on the three stages of control and management of environmental risk and established an environmental risk management system including risk source identification and assessment, environmental safety planning, early risk warning, emergency management, assessment of environmental effects, and environmental remediation of pollution accidents. By using this model, the environmental risks in Tianjin Binhai New Area, the largest chemical industry park in China, were assessed and the environmental risk zoning map was drawn, which suggested the existence of many unacceptable environmental risks in this area. Thus, relevant suggestions have been proposed from the perspective of the adjustment of risk source layout, intensified management of environmental risk control and so on. PMID:23603866

Integrated environmental risk assessment and whole-process management system in chemical industry parks.

PubMed

Shao, Chaofeng; Yang, Juan; Tian, Xiaogang; Ju, Meiting; Huang, Lei

2013-04-19

Chemical industry parks in China are considered high-risk areas because they present numerous risks that can damage the environment, such as pollution incidents. In order to identify the environmental risks and the principal risk factors in these areas, we have developed a simple physical model of a regional environmental risk field (ERF) using existing dispersal patterns and migration models. The regional ERF zoning was also conducted and a reference value for diagnostic methods was developed to determine risk-acceptable, risk-warning, and risk-mitigation zones, which can provide a risk source layout for chemical industry parks. In accordance with the environmental risk control requirements, this study focused on the three stages of control and management of environmental risk and established an environmental risk management system including risk source identification and assessment, environmental safety planning, early risk warning, emergency management, assessment of environmental effects, and environmental remediation of pollution accidents. By using this model, the environmental risks in Tianjin Binhai New Area, the largest chemical industry park in China, were assessed and the environmental risk zoning map was drawn, which suggested the existence of many unacceptable environmental risks in this area. Thus, relevant suggestions have been proposed from the perspective of the adjustment of risk source layout, intensified management of environmental risk control and so on.

Tobacco Smoke Pollution in Hospitality Venues Before and After Passage of Statewide Smoke-Free Legislation.

PubMed

Buettner-Schmidt, Kelly; Boursaw, Blake; Lobo, Marie L; Travers, Mark J

2017-03-01

In 2012, North Dakota enacted a comprehensive statewide law prohibiting smoking in enclosed public places. Disparities in tobacco control exist in rural areas. This study's objective was to determine the extent to which the passage of a comprehensive, statewide, smoke-free law in a predominantly rural state influenced tobacco smoke pollution in rural and nonrural venues. A longitudinal cohort design study comparing the levels of tobacco smoke pollution before and after passage of the statewide smoke-free law was conducted in 64 restaurants and bars statewide in North Dakota. Particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 μm (a valid atmospheric marker of tobacco smoke pollution) was assessed. A significant 83% reduction in tobacco smoke pollution levels occurred after passage of the law. Significant reductions in tobacco smoke pollution levels occurred in each of the rural categories; however, no difference by rurality was noted in the analysis after passage of the law, in contrast to the study before passage. To our knowledge, this was the largest, single, rural postlaw study globally. A comprehensive statewide smoke-free law implemented in North Dakota dramatically decreased the level of tobacco smoke pollution in bars and restaurants. © 2016 The Authors. Public Health Nursing Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Effects of environment pollution on the ocular surface.

PubMed

Jung, Se Ji; Mehta, Jodhbir S; Tong, Louis

2018-04-01

The twenty-first century is fraught with dangers like climate change and pollution, which impacts human health and mortality. As levels of pollution increase, respiratory illnesses and cardiovascular ailments become more prevalent. Less understood are the eye-related complaints, which are commonly associated with increasing pollution. Affected people may complain of irritation, redness, foreign body sensation, tearing, and blurring of vision. Sources of pollution are varied, ranging from gases (such as ozone and NO 2 ) and particulate matter produced from traffic, to some other hazards associated with indoor environments. Mechanisms causing ocular surface disease involve toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Homeostatic mechanisms of the ocular surface may adapt to certain chronic changes in the environment, so affected people may not always be symptomatic. However there are many challenges associated with assessing effects of air pollution on eyes, as pollution is large scale and difficult to control. Persons with chronic allergic or atopic tendencies may have a pre-existing state of heightened mucosal immune response, hence they may have less tolerance for further environmental antigenic stimulation. It is beneficial to identify vulnerable people whose quality of life will be significantly impaired by environmental changes and provide counter measures in the form of protection or treatment. Better technologies in monitoring of pollutants and assessment of the eye will facilitate progress in this field. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Association between ambient air pollution and diabetes mellitus in Europe and North America: systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Eze, Ikenna C; Hemkens, Lars G; Bucher, Heiner C; Hoffmann, Barbara; Schindler, Christian; Künzli, Nino; Schikowski, Tamara; Probst-Hensch, Nicole M

2015-05-01

Air pollution is hypothesized to be a risk factor for diabetes. Epidemiological evidence is inconsistent and has not been systematically evaluated. We systematically reviewed epidemiological evidence on the association between air pollution and diabetes, and synthesized results of studies on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We systematically searched electronic literature databases (last search, 29 April 2014) for studies reporting the association between air pollution (particle concentration or traffic exposure) and diabetes (type 1, type 2, or gestational). We systematically evaluated risk of bias and role of potential confounders in all studies. We synthesized reported associations with T2DM in meta-analyses using random-effects models and conducted various sensitivity analyses. We included 13 studies (8 on T2DM, 2 on type 1, 3 on gestational diabetes), all conducted in Europe or North America. Five studies were longitudinal, 5 cross-sectional, 2 case-control, and 1 ecologic. Risk of bias, air pollution assessment, and confounder control varied across studies. Dose-response effects were not reported. Meta-analyses of 3 studies on PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter) and 4 studies on NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) showed increased risk of T2DM by 8-10% per 10-μg/m3 increase in exposure [PM2.5: 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.18); NO2: 1.08 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.17)]. Associations were stronger in females. Sensitivity analyses showed similar results. Existing evidence indicates a positive association of air pollution and T2DM risk, albeit there is high risk of bias. High-quality studies assessing dose-response effects are needed. Research should be expanded to developing countries where outdoor and indoor air pollution are high.

40 CFR 434.71 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... determines that it is not feasible for a remining operator to re-establish baseline pollutant levels in accordance with the statistical procedures contained in Appendix B of this part, pre-existing discharge limitations at existing remining operations shall remain subject to baseline pollutant levels established...

40 CFR 63.1157 - Emission standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Emission standards for existing... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Steel Pickling-HCl Process...

iMAST FY2002 Annual Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-01-01

of large precision drive train components such as transmission housings. The approach being pursued, under this program structure, is to eliminate the...an optimum coating and/or coating process will be developed and implemented, and will eliminate /minimize fretting and low-cycle fatigue and the blade...maintaining adequate pollution control efficiency. Benefits: ★ Utilizes MCLB infrastructure ★ Avoids costs associated with existing APCS ★ Biofiltration

40 CFR 421.85 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Primary Zinc... existing sources. The mass of wastewater pollutants in primary zinc process wastewater introduced into a POTW shall not exceed the following values: (a) Subpart H—Zinc Reduction Furnace Wet Air Pollution...

A review of ion and metal pollutants in urban green water infrastructures.

PubMed

Kabir, Md Imran; Daly, Edoardo; Maggi, Federico

2014-02-01

In urban environments, the breakdown of chemicals and pollutants, especially ions and metal compounds, can be favoured by green water infrastructures (GWIs). The overall aim of this review is to set the basis to model GWIs using deterministic approaches in contrast to empirical ones. If a better picture of chemicals and pollutant input and an improved understanding of hydrological and biogeochemical processes affecting these pollutants were known, GWIs could be designed to efficiently retain these pollutants for site-specific meteorological patterns and pollutant load. To this end, we surveyed the existing literature to retrieve a comprehensive dataset of anions and cations, and alkaline and transition metal pollutants incoming to urban environments. Based on this survey, we assessed the pollution load and ecological risk indexes for metals. The existing literature was then surveyed to review the metal retention efficiency of GWIs, and possible biogeochemical processes related to inorganic metal compounds were proposed that could be integrated in biogeochemical models of GWIs. © 2013.

Research on single-chip microcomputer controlled rotating magnetic field mineralization model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Yang; Qi, Yulin; Yang, Junxiao; Li, Na

2017-08-01

As one of the method of selecting ore, the magnetic separation method has the advantages of stable operation, simple process flow, high beneficiation efficiency and no chemical environment pollution. But the existing magnetic separator are more mechanical, the operation is not flexible, and can not change the magnetic field parameters according to the precision of the ore needed. Based on the existing magnetic separator is mechanical, the rotating magnetic field can be used for single chip microcomputer control as the research object, design and trial a rotating magnetic field processing prototype, and through the single-chip PWM pulse output to control the rotation of the magnetic field strength and rotating magnetic field speed. This method of using pure software to generate PWM pulse to control rotary magnetic field beneficiation, with higher flexibility, accuracy and lower cost, can give full play to the performance of single-chip.

Heavy metal contents of road-deposited sediment along the urban-rural gradient around Beijing and its potential contribution to runoff pollution.

PubMed

Zhao, Hongtao; Li, Xuyong; Wang, Xiaomei

2011-09-01

Understanding the contribution of road-deposited sediment (RDS) and its washoff process is essential for controlling urban runoff pollution. Ninety-seven RDS samples were collected along the urban-suburban-rural gradient from areas of five administrative units in the Beijing metropolitan region, including central urban (UCA), urban village (UVA), central suburban county (CSA), rural town (RTA), and rural village (RVA) areas. RDS washoff was evaluated with different particle sizes using a rainfall simulator. Heavy metal elements (i.e., Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were estimated in both RDS and runoff samples. The RDS mass per unit area increased in the order UCA (21 ± 24 g/m(2)) ≈ CSA (20 ± 16 g/m(2)) < RTA (59 ± 63 g/m(2)) < RVA (147 ± 112 g/m(2)) ≈ UVA (147 ± 198 g/m(2)). Compared to RDS from the other administrative units, RDS from the UCA and CSA had higher metal concentrations and higher proportions of smaller particles, whereas that from the RVA and UVA had larger quantities of metals per unit area. UCA and CSA had lower potential runoff pollution contributions per unit area. Our findings imply that controlling the first flush in the UCA and CSA, and improving existing street cleaning methods and road surface conditions in the TRA, UVA, and RVA will be appropriate strategies for controlling runoff pollution from RDS.

An integrated optimization method for river water quality management and risk analysis in a rural system.

PubMed

Liu, J; Li, Y P; Huang, G H; Zeng, X T; Nie, S

2016-01-01

In this study, an interval-stochastic-based risk analysis (RSRA) method is developed for supporting river water quality management in a rural system under uncertainty (i.e., uncertainties exist in a number of system components as well as their interrelationships). The RSRA method is effective in risk management and policy analysis, particularly when the inputs (such as allowable pollutant discharge and pollutant discharge rate) are expressed as probability distributions and interval values. Moreover, decision-makers' attitudes towards system risk can be reflected using a restricted resource measure by controlling the variability of the recourse cost. The RSRA method is then applied to a real case of water quality management in the Heshui River Basin (a rural area of China), where chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and soil loss are selected as major indicators to identify the water pollution control strategies. Results reveal that uncertainties and risk attitudes have significant effects on both pollutant discharge and system benefit. A high risk measure level can lead to a reduced system benefit; however, this reduction also corresponds to raised system reliability. Results also disclose that (a) agriculture is the dominant contributor to soil loss, TN, and TP loads, and abatement actions should be mainly carried out for paddy and dry farms; (b) livestock husbandry is the main COD discharger, and abatement measures should be mainly conducted for poultry farm; (c) fishery accounts for a high percentage of TN, TP, and COD discharges but a has low percentage of overall net benefit, and it may be beneficial to cease fishery activities in the basin. The findings can facilitate the local authority in identifying desired pollution control strategies with the tradeoff between socioeconomic development and environmental sustainability.

40 CFR 419.55 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... source subject to this subpart which introduces pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must... following standards apply to the total refinery flow contribution to the POTW: Pollutant or pollutant...

INTEGRATION OF POLLUTION PREVENTION TOOLS

EPA Science Inventory

A prototype computer-based decision support system was designed to provide small businesses with an integrated pollution prevention methodology. Preliminary research involved compilation of an inventory of existing pollution prevention tools (i.e., methodologies, software, etc.),...

40 CFR 420.45 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403 and achieve the following pretreatment standards for existing sources. (a) Electric arc furnace steelmaking—semi-wet. No discharge of process... electric arc furnace steelmaking—wet. Subpart D Pollutant or pollutant property Pretreatment standards for...

40 CFR 420.45 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403 and achieve the following pretreatment standards for existing sources. (a) Electric arc furnace steelmaking—semi-wet. No discharge of process... electric arc furnace steelmaking—wet. Subpart D Pollutant or pollutant property Pretreatment standards for...

40 CFR 420.45 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403 and achieve the following pretreatment standards for existing sources. (a) Electric arc furnace steelmaking—semi-wet. No discharge of process... electric arc furnace steelmaking—wet. Subpart D Pollutant or pollutant property Pretreatment standards for...

40 CFR 420.45 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403 and achieve the following pretreatment standards for existing sources. (a) Electric arc furnace steelmaking—semi-wet. No discharge of process... electric arc furnace steelmaking—wet. Subpart D Pollutant or pollutant property Pretreatment standards for...

40 CFR 63.11527 - What are the monitoring requirements for new and existing sources?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for... an existing affected source, you may install, operate, and maintain a bag leak detection system for...

40 CFR 63.11527 - What are the monitoring requirements for new and existing sources?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for... an existing affected source, you may install, operate, and maintain a bag leak detection system for...

40 CFR 63.11527 - What are the monitoring requirements for new and existing sources?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for... an existing affected source, you may install, operate, and maintain a bag leak detection system for...

The Crisis in Air Pollution Manpower Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moeller, Dade W.

1974-01-01

Three studies conducted by the National Air Pollution Manpower Development Advisory Committee concluded there is a crisis in air pollution manpower development within the United States today. The studies investigated the existing federal manpower program, air pollution educational requirements and the quality of graduate level university programs.…

76 FR 39303 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, Imperial County Air Pollution Control...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-06

... the California State Implementation Plan, Imperial County Air Pollution Control District, Kern County Air Pollution Control District, and Ventura County Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... approve revisions to the Imperial County Air Pollution Control District (ICAPCD), Kern County Air...

76 FR 30025 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, Placer County Air Pollution Control...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-24

... the California State Implementation Plan, Placer County Air Pollution Control District and Ventura County Air Pollution Control District AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Direct final... Pollution Control District (PCAPCD) and Ventura County Air Pollution Control District (VCAPCD) portion of...

Nitrogen in the Baltic Sea--policy implications of stock effects.

PubMed

Hart, Rob; Brady, Mark

2002-09-01

We develop an optimal control model for cost-effective management of pollution, including two state variables, pollution stock and ecosystem quality. We apply it to Baltic Sea pollution by nitrogen leachates from agriculture. We present a sophisticated, non-linear model of leaching abatement costs, and a simple model of nitrogen stocks. We find that significant abatement is achievable at reasonable cost, despite the countervailing effects of existing agricultural policies such as price supports. Successful abatement should lead to lower nitrogen stocks in the sea in 5 years or less. However, the rate of ecosystem recovery is less certain. The results are highly dependent on the rate of self-cleaning of the Baltic Sea, and less so on the discount rate. Choice of target has a radical effect on the abatement path chosen. Cost-effectiveness demands such a choice, and should therefore be used with care when stock effects are present.

RESEARCH AREA -- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONTROL (AIR POLLUTION TECHNOLOGY BRANCH, AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL DIVISION, NRMRL)

EPA Science Inventory

The Air Pollution Technology Branch (APTB) of NRMRL's Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division in Research Triangle Park, NC, has conducted several research projects for evaluating the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the control of pollution control systems an...

40 CFR 60.2141 - By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control device inspection?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection? 60.2141 Section 60.2141 Protection of Environment... initial air pollution control device inspection? (a) The initial air pollution control device inspection... startup. (b) Within 10 operating days following an air pollution control device inspection, all necessary...

40 CFR 60.2141 - By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control device inspection?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection? 60.2141 Section 60.2141 Protection of Environment... initial air pollution control device inspection? (a) The initial air pollution control device inspection... startup. (b) Within 10 operating days following an air pollution control device inspection, all necessary...

40 CFR 60.2706 - By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control device inspection?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection? 60.2706 Section 60.2706 Protection of Environment... pollution control device inspection? (a) The initial air pollution control device inspection must be... meeting the amended emission limitations. (b) Within 10 operating days following an air pollution control...

40 CFR 60.2706 - By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control device inspection?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection? 60.2706 Section 60.2706 Protection of Environment... pollution control device inspection? (a) The initial air pollution control device inspection must be... meeting the amended emission limitations. (b) Within 10 operating days following an air pollution control...

40 CFR 60.2706 - By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control device inspection?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection? 60.2706 Section 60.2706 Protection of Environment... pollution control device inspection? (a) The initial air pollution control device inspection must be... meeting the amended emission limitations. (b) Within 10 operating days following an air pollution control...

[The short-term effects of air pollution on mortality. The results of the EMCAM project in the city of Seville, 1992-1996. Estudio Multicéntrico Español sobre la Relación entre la Contaminación Atmosférica y la Mortalidad].

PubMed

Ocaña-Riola, R; Daponte-Codina, A; Gutiérrez-Cuadra, P; Mayoral-Cortes, J M; Gurucelain-Raposo, J L; Maldonado-Pérez, J A; Serrano-Aguilar, J; Garrido-de la Sierra, R

1999-01-01

As part of the EMECAM Project, the objective of this study is that of assessing the impact of air pollution on the daily mortality in Seville throughout the 1992-1996 period. During the 1992-1996 period, readings were taken daily of the amounts of SO2, particles in suspension (PM10) and NO2 present in the air in the city of Seville, in addition to the number of deaths daily due to different causes. For analyzing this data, a multivariable Poisson regression model was used for modeling each one of the causes of death in terms of the air immission readings, controlling other confusion-causing variables. A relationship was found to exist between the rises in the NO2 levels and the daily death rate throughout the months of May to October. For each 10 micrograms/m3 rise, the risk of death or all causes showed a 2% rise, the same rise in the NO2 levels leading to a 3% rise in the risk of death resulting from cardiovascular diseases. A relationship exists between the levels of NO2 air pollution and the daily death rate in Seville. The findings provide scientific knowledge and information which can be of use for preventing the impact of air pollution on human health.

The changing face of urban air pollution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lewis, Alastair C.

2018-02-01

The atmospheric chemistry that leads to photochemical smog and climate-active aerosols requires the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (1, 2). The VOCs in urban air typically derive from the prevailing energy and transport technologies as well as the use of petrochemical-derived products. On page 760 of this issue, McDonald et al. (3) report that a notable change in emissions may be underway in U.S. cities, with effects on secondary pollutants such as organic aerosols. Shifting from an urban atmosphere dominated by transport-related VOCs to one dominated by VOCs from coatings, adhesives, and consumer products would alter predictions of urban air quality and challenge the existing policy framework for emissions control.

Solutions Network Formulation Report. NASA's Potential Contributions for Using Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Conjunction with Photocatalysis for Urban Air Pollution Mitigation and Increasing Air Quality

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Underwood, Lauren; Ryan, Robert E.

2007-01-01

This Candidate Solution is based on using NASA Earth science research on atmospheric ozone and aerosols data as a means to predict and evaluate the effectiveness of photocatalytically created surfaces (building materials like glass, tile and cement) for air pollution mitigation purposes. When these surfaces are exposed to near UV light, organic molecules, like air pollutants and smog precursors, will degrade into environmentally friendly compounds. U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) is responsible for forecasting daily air quality by using the Air Quality Index (AQI) that is provided by AIRNow. EPA is partnered with AIRNow and is responsible for calculating the AQI for five major air pollutants that are regulated by the Clean Air Act. In this Solution, UV irradiance data acquired from the satellite mission Aura and the OMI Surface UV algorithm will be used to help understand both the efficacy and efficiency of the photocatalytic decomposition process these surfaces facilitate, and their ability to reduce air pollutants. Prediction models that estimate photocatalytic function do not exist. NASA UV irradiance data will enable this capability, so that air quality agencies that are run by state and local officials can develop and implement programs that utilize photocatalysis for urban air pollution control and, enable them to make effective decisions about air pollution protection programs.

40 CFR 430.66 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... standards for existing sources (PSES) if it uses chlorophenolic-containing biocides. Permittees not using chlorophenolic-containing biocides must certify to the permit-issuing authority that they are not using these biocides. PSES must be attained on or before July 1, 1984: Subpart F Pollutant or pollutant property PSES...

40 CFR 430.66 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... standards for existing sources (PSES) if it uses chlorophenolic-containing biocides. Permittees not using chlorophenolic-containing biocides must certify to the permit-issuing authority that they are not using these biocides. PSES must be attained on or before July 1, 1984: Subpart F Pollutant or pollutant property PSES...

40 CFR 420.95 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Acid Pickling... for existing sources. (a) Sulfuric acid (spent acid solutions and rinse waters)—(1) Rod, wire, and... pickling (spent acid solutions and rinse waters)—(1) Rod, wire, and coil. Subpart I Pollutant or pollutant...

40 CFR 430.106 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Fiber Non-Deink Subcategory § 430.106 Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES). Except as... secondary fiber non-deink facilities where paperboard from wastepaper is produced] Pollutant or pollutant... per ton of product. a The following equivalent mass limitations are provided as guidance in cases when...

40 CFR 430.106 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Fiber Non-Deink Subcategory § 430.106 Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES). Except as... secondary fiber non-deink facilities where paperboard from wastepaper is produced] Pollutant or pollutant... per ton of product. a The following equivalent mass limitations are provided as guidance in cases when...

Groundwater pollution potential and greenhouse gas emission from soils amended with different swine biochars

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Although there exist numerous research studies in the literature on greenhouse gas emission and groundwater pollution potentials of soils amended with plant-based biochar made from traditional dry pyrolysis (hereafter referred as pyrochar), a very few such studies exist for hydrochar made from hydro...

40 CFR 466.34 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Zinc 1.33 0.56 (b) In cases where POTW find it necessary to impose mass pretreatment standards the following equivalent mass standards are provided: Subpart C—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Pretreatment standards for existing...

40 CFR 466.34 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Zinc 1.33 0.56 (b) In cases where POTW find it necessary to impose mass pretreatment standards the following equivalent mass standards are provided: Subpart C—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Pretreatment standards for existing...

40 CFR 466.34 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Zinc 1.33 0.56 (b) In cases where POTW find it necessary to impose mass pretreatment standards the following equivalent mass standards are provided: Subpart C—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Pretreatment standards for existing...

40 CFR 466.14 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) In cases where POTW find it necessary to impose mass effluent pretreatment standards the following equivalent mass standards are provided: Subpart A—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Pretreatment standards for existing...

40 CFR 466.14 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Zinc 1.33 0.56 (b) In cases where POTW find it necessary to impose mass effluent pretreatment standards the following equivalent mass standards are provided: Subpart A—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Pretreatment standards for existing...

40 CFR 466.34 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) In cases where POTW find it necessary to impose mass pretreatment standards the following equivalent mass standards are provided: Subpart C—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Metal... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Pretreatment standards for existing...

40 CFR 466.14 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Zinc 1.33 0.56 (b) In cases where POTW find it necessary to impose mass effluent pretreatment standards the following equivalent mass standards are provided: Subpart A—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Pretreatment standards for existing...

40 CFR 466.14 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) In cases where POTW find it necessary to impose mass effluent pretreatment standards the following equivalent mass standards are provided: Subpart A—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Pretreatment standards for existing...

40 CFR 466.34 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) In cases where POTW find it necessary to impose mass pretreatment standards the following equivalent mass standards are provided: Subpart C—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Metal... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Pretreatment standards for existing...

40 CFR 466.14 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Zinc 1.33 0.56 (b) In cases where POTW find it necessary to impose mass effluent pretreatment standards the following equivalent mass standards are provided: Subpart A—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Pretreatment standards for existing...

[Particle Size Distribution and Pollutant Speciation Analyses of Stormwater Runoff in the Ancient Town of Suzhou].

PubMed

Li, Huai; Wu, Wei; Tian, Yong-jing; Huang, Tian-yin

2016-02-15

The particle size distribution (PSD) and its transformation processes in the stormwater runoffs in the ancient town of Suzhou were studied based on the particles size analyses, the water-quality monitoring data and the parameters of the rainfall-runoff models. The commercial districts, the modern residential area, the old residential area, the traffic area and the landscape tourist area were selected as the five functional example areas in the ancient town of Suzhou. The effects of antecedent dry period, the rainfall intensity and the amount of runoffs on the particle size distributions were studied, and the existing forms of the main pollutants in different functional areas and their possible relations were analyzed as well. The results showed that the particle size distribution, the migration processes and the output characteristics in the stormwater runoffs were greatly different in these five functional areas, which indicated different control measures for the pollution of the runoffs should be taken in the design process. The antecedent dry period, the rainfall intensity and the amount of runoffs showed significant correlations with the particle size distribution, showing these were the important factors. The output of the particles was greatly influenced by the flow scouring in the early period of the rainfall, and the correlations between the amount of runoffs and the particle migration ability presented significant difference in 30% (early period) and 70% (later period) of the runoff volume. The major existence form of the output pollutants was particle, and the correlation analyses of different diameter particles showed that the particles smaller than 150 microm were the dominant carrier of the pollutants via adsorption and accumulation processes.

40 CFR 60.2151 - By what date must I conduct the annual air pollution control device inspection?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection? 60.2151 Section 60.2151 Protection of Environment... annual air pollution control device inspection? On an annual basis (no more than 12 months following the previous annual air pollution control device inspection), you must complete the air pollution control...

40 CFR 60.2151 - By what date must I conduct the annual air pollution control device inspection?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection? 60.2151 Section 60.2151 Protection of Environment... annual air pollution control device inspection? On an annual basis (no more than 12 months following the previous annual air pollution control device inspection), you must complete the air pollution control...

Pollution's Price--The Cost in Human Health

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newill, Vaun A.

1973-01-01

Discusses the detrimental effects of air pollution, and especially sulfur dioxide, on human health. Any relaxation of existing national air pollution standards because of the energy crisis could be costly in terms of the nation's health. (JR)

The Economics of Pollution; Part Three: Can Pollution Be Controlled? Teaching About: Can Pollution Be Controlled?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolozin, Harold; Reilly, Patricia R.

In this third of three articles on the economics of pollution control general statements from several sources present a background which questions our ability to devise the necessary tools to fight pollution, even if adequate expenditures of money are provided. In the struggle to control pollution, the economist, it is believed, can provide…

14 CFR 1274.926 - Clean Air-Water Pollution Control Acts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Clean Air-Water Pollution Control Acts...-Water Pollution Control Acts. Clean Air-Water Pollution Control Acts July 2002 If this cooperative... 91-604) and section 308 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq...

14 CFR 1274.926 - Clean Air-Water Pollution Control Acts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Clean Air-Water Pollution Control Acts...-Water Pollution Control Acts. Clean Air-Water Pollution Control Acts July 2002 If this cooperative... 91-604) and section 308 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq...

14 CFR § 1274.926 - Clean Air-Water Pollution Control Acts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Clean Air-Water Pollution Control Acts. Â...-Water Pollution Control Acts. Clean Air-Water Pollution Control Acts July 2002 If this cooperative... 91-604) and section 308 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq...

14 CFR 1274.926 - Clean Air-Water Pollution Control Acts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Clean Air-Water Pollution Control Acts...-Water Pollution Control Acts. Clean Air-Water Pollution Control Acts July 2002 If this cooperative... 91-604) and section 308 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq...

NON-REGULATED CONTAMINANTS EMERGING RESEARCH, EXISTING AND FUTURE POLLUTANTS IN WATER SUPPLIES: OLD POLLUTANTS, NEW CONCERNS - NEW POLLUTANTS, UNKNOWN ISSUES

EPA Science Inventory

Those chemical pollutants that are regulated under various international, federal, and state programs represent but a small fraction of the universe of chemicals that occur in the environment as a result of both natural processes and human influence. Although this galaxy of targe...

40 CFR 430.56 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... dischargers in the calcium-, magnesium-, or sodium-based sulfite pulp segment: Subpart E [Production of Calcium-, Magnesium-, or Sodium-based Sulfite Pulps] Pollutant or pollutant property PSES Maximum for any... Pollutant or pollutant property Supplemental PSES Maximum for any 1 day kg/kkg (or pounds per 1,000 lb) of...

40 CFR 430.56 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... dischargers in the calcium-, magnesium-, or sodium-based sulfite pulp segment: Subpart E [Production of Calcium-, Magnesium-, or Sodium-based Sulfite Pulps] Pollutant or pollutant property PSES Maximum for any... Pollutant or pollutant property Supplemental PSES Maximum for any 1 day kg/kkg (or pounds per 1,000 lb) of...

40 CFR 430.56 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... dischargers in the calcium-, magnesium-, or sodium-based sulfite pulp segment: Subpart E [Production of Calcium-, Magnesium-, or Sodium-based Sulfite Pulps] Pollutant or pollutant property PSES Maximum for any... Pollutant or pollutant property Supplemental PSES Maximum for any 1 day kg/kkg (or pounds per 1,000 lb) of...

Stable Isotope Mixing Models as a Tool for Tracking Sources of Water and Water Pollutants

EPA Science Inventory

One goal of monitoring pollutants is to be able to trace the pollutant to its source. Here we review how mixing models using stable isotope information on water and water pollutants can help accomplish this goal. A number of elements exist in multiple stable (non-radioactive) i...

40 CFR 471.44 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... chill casting contact cooling water. Subpart D—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any one...) Shot casting contact cooling water. Subpart D—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average mg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of precious metals shot cast...

40 CFR 471.44 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... chill casting contact cooling water. Subpart D—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any one...) Shot casting contact cooling water. Subpart D—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average mg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of precious metals shot cast...

40 CFR 471.44 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... chill casting contact cooling water. Subpart D—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any one...) Shot casting contact cooling water. Subpart D—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average mg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of precious metals shot cast...

40 CFR 471.44 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... chill casting contact cooling water. Subpart D—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any one...) Shot casting contact cooling water. Subpart D—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average mg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of precious metals shot cast...

40 CFR 471.44 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... chill casting contact cooling water. Subpart D—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any one...) Shot casting contact cooling water. Subpart D—PSES Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average mg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of precious metals shot cast...

33 CFR 155.130 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....130 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS General § 155.130 Exemptions... standards exist that would provide an equivalent level of protection from pollution; and (iii) The...

33 CFR 155.130 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....130 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS General § 155.130 Exemptions... standards exist that would provide an equivalent level of protection from pollution; and (iii) The...

33 CFR 155.130 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

....130 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS General § 155.130 Exemptions... standards exist that would provide an equivalent level of protection from pollution; and (iii) The...

33 CFR 155.130 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

....130 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS General § 155.130 Exemptions... standards exist that would provide an equivalent level of protection from pollution; and (iii) The...

33 CFR 155.130 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

....130 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS General § 155.130 Exemptions... standards exist that would provide an equivalent level of protection from pollution; and (iii) The...

Assessment of treatment systems for highway runoff pollution control in Portugal.

PubMed

Barbosa, A E; Fernandes, J N

2009-01-01

Treatment systems for highway runoff pollution control are now common structures for environmental impacts reduction in Portugal. Such systems must be monitored and its performance periodically assessed, in order to understand if they are accomplishing the targets for environmental protection. Wise management decisions must incorporate the soundness of the project, the construction and maintenance costs, and the ability of the system to reduce the pollution to the level required for environmental protection. To gather, organize and analyse all the existing information concerning the constructed treatment systems, their operation, maintenance and efficiency were understood as a priority by the Portuguese Roads' Institute. The authors of this article were responsible for this 3 years study that finished in May 2008. A total of 27 different systems, corresponding to 13 different project types, located in different places in Portugal have been characterized and evaluated. Several conclusions could be drawn from the evaluation and recommendations were produced concerning the project, the construction and operation phases and the monitoring activities. The recommendations concern tasks to be performed and information that should be gathered and presented to the Portuguese Road's Institute. It is expected that these indications will contribute to improve the future practice in Portugal.

Arctic shipping emissions inventories and future scenarios

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Corbett, J. J.; Lack, D. A.; Winebrake, J. J.; Harder, S.; Silberman, J. A.; Gold, M.

2010-10-01

This paper presents 5 km×5 km Arctic emissions inventories of important greenhouse gases, black carbon and other pollutants under existing and future (2050) scenarios that account for growth of shipping in the region, potential diversion traffic through emerging routes, and possible emissions control measures. These high-resolution, geospatial emissions inventories for shipping can be used to evaluate Arctic climate sensitivity to black carbon (a short-lived climate forcing pollutant especially effective in accelerating the melting of ice and snow), aerosols, and gaseous emissions including carbon dioxide. We quantify ship emissions scenarios which are expected to increase as declining sea ice coverage due to climate change allows for increased shipping activity in the Arctic. A first-order calculation of global warming potential due to 2030 emissions in the high-growth scenario suggests that short-lived forcing of ~4.5 gigagrams of black carbon from Arctic shipping may increase global warming potential due to Arctic ships' CO2 emissions (~42 000 gigagrams) by some 17% to 78%. The paper also presents maximum feasible reduction scenarios for black carbon in particular. These emissions reduction scenarios will enable scientists and policymakers to evaluate the efficacy and benefits of technological controls for black carbon, and other pollutants from ships.

Regulating outdoor advertisement boards; employing spatial decision support system to control urban visual pollution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wakil, K.; Hussnain, MQ; Tahir, A.; Naeem, M. A.

2016-06-01

Unmanaged placement, size, location, structure and contents of outdoor advertisement boards have resulted in severe urban visual pollution and deterioration of the socio-physical living environment in urban centres of Pakistan. As per the regulatory instruments, the approval decision for a new advertisement installation is supposed to be based on the locational density of existing boards and their proximity or remoteness to certain land- uses. In cities, where regulatory tools for the control of advertisement boards exist, responsible authorities are handicapped in effective implementation due to the absence of geospatial analysis capacity. This study presents the development of a spatial decision support system (SDSS) for regularization of advertisement boards in terms of their location and placement. The knowledge module of the proposed SDSS is based on provisions and restrictions prescribed in regulatory documents. While the user interface allows visualization and scenario evaluation to understand if the new board will affect existing linear density on a particular road and if it violates any buffer restrictions around a particular land use. Technically the structure of the proposed SDSS is a web-based solution which includes open geospatial tools such as OpenGeo Suite, GeoExt, PostgreSQL, and PHP. It uses three key data sets including road network, locations of existing billboards and building parcels with land use information to perform the analysis. Locational suitability has been calculated using pairwise comparison through analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and weighted linear combination (WLC). Our results indicate that open geospatial tools can be helpful in developing an SDSS which can assist solving space related iterative decision challenges on outdoor advertisements. Employing such a system will result in effective implementation of regulations resulting in visual harmony and aesthetic improvement in urban communities.

Gains from trans-boundary water quality management in linked catchment and coastal socio-ecological systems: a case study for the Minho region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roebeling, P. C.; Brito, A. G.; Rocha, J.; Alves, H.; Mamede, J.

2012-04-01

Worldwide, aquatic and coastal ecosystems are affected by point and diffuse source water pollution originating from rural, urban and industrial land uses in catchments, even though these ecosystems are of vital importance from an environmental and economic perspective. Integrated Catchment and Coastal Zone Management (ICCZM) specifically takes into account this inherent relationship between terrestrial land use, surface and ground water pollution, aquatic and coastal ecosystem state, and associated environmental values. To warrant sustainable regional economic development, we need to balance the marginal costs from terrestrial water pollution abatement and the associated marginal benefits from aquatic and coastal resource appreciation. In doing so, however, we need to differentiate between intra- and trans-boundary catchments because benefactors and beneficiaries from water quality improvement are not one and the same. In trans-boundary catchments, private (national) welfare maximizing rates of water quality improvement differ across nations as benefits from water quality improvement generally accrue to one nation while the costs are paid by multiple nations. While approaches for water quality management in linked catchment and coastal socio-ecological systems are fairly recent though existent, water quality management in trans-boundary catchments poses additional challenges. The objective of this paper is to develop and apply a deterministic optimal control approach that allows us to explore private and social welfare maximizing rates of water pollution abatement in linked catchment and coastal socio-ecological systems. For a case study of the Minho region in the Iberian Peninsula, we estimate nation-specific water pollution abatement cost (based on management practice adoption) and benefit (based on aquatic and coastal environmental values) functions, to determine as well as compare private (national) and social (trans-national) welfare maximizing rates of water pollution abatement. The presented approach differs from existing approaches in a number of ways. First, we explicitly present an analytical derivation of private (national) and social (trans-national) welfare maximizing rates of water pollution abatement using nation-specific abatement cost functions. Second, the analytical optimal control approach provides an elegant and easily understandable solution concept that contributes to the development of efficient water quality improvement targets. Finally, we go beyond the usual cost-effectiveness analysis based on arbitrary 'tolerable' or target levels of pollution as we specifically account for the negative external costs of increased water pollution in the downstream aquatic and coastal environment. Results for the Minho region show that some private (national) welfare gains can be obtained through the adoption of win-win management practices, leading to a 12% reduction in the annual rate of water pollution and an almost 7% increase in annual regional income. Maximum social (trans-national) welfare gains can, however, be obtained through the adoption of win-win and lose-win management practices across Spain and Portugal, leading to a 36% reduction in water pollution and a 14% increase in regional income. Yet, non-cooperation in water pollution mitigation would only lead to a 16%-32% reduction in water pollution and a 8%-13% increase in regional income. Hence, social (trans-national) welfare losses from non-cooperation between Spain and Portugal would equate to between 16 and 81 million Euros per year.

In Situ Formation Of Reactive Barriers For Pollution Control

DOEpatents

Gilmore, Tyler J.; Riley, Robert G.

2004-04-27

A method of treating soil contamination by forming one or more zones of oxidized material in the path of percolating groundwater is disclosed. The zone or barrier region is formed by delivering an oxidizing agent into the ground for reaction with an existing soil component. The oxidizing agent modifies the existing soil component creating the oxidized zone. Subsequently when soil contaminates migrate into the zone, the oxidized material is available to react with the contaminates and degrade them into benign products. The existing soil component can be an oxidizable mineral such as manganese, and the oxidizing agent can be ozone gas or hydrogen peroxide. Soil contaminates can be volatile organic compounds. Oxidized barriers can be used single or in combination with other barriers.

Review of Facility Technology Options and their Development Status

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-06-01

added to these commercial technologies, such as flue gas desulfurization and low-NO x burners. " New coal-fired power technologies, such as AFBC, CFBC...Issues When compared to conventional technologies with pollution control equipment (such as pulverized coal/ flue gas desulfurization ), AFBC/CFBC systems...performance trade- offs exist. Since less energy is available in the flue gas as a result of heating water, less refrigerant vapor will be

Literature Review of Low Impact Development for Stormwater Control

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-30

appropriate LID technology can be selected to capture the targeted vi metal pollutant. Little information exists on the effects of field variables such as...loading rates and volume, temperature , climate, pH, sediments, organics, and maintenance cycles on systems in the field. 4. The amount of research...maximum extent technically feasible, the pre-development hydrology of the property with regard to the temperature , rate, volume, and duration of flow

Environmental Assessment for Landfill Drainage Improvements Vandenberg Air Force Base, California

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-04-07

intercontinental ballistic missile systems , and support aircraft operations in the western range. As a nonmilitary facet of operations, Vandenberg AFB is also...consisting of upgrades and/or repairs to the existing drainage system , must be implemented at the Vanden berg AFB landfill to facilitate compliance...under the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) Water Quality Order No. 97~3-DWQ, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

[A landscape ecological approach for urban non-point source pollution control].

PubMed

Guo, Qinghai; Ma, Keming; Zhao, Jingzhu; Yang, Liu; Yin, Chengqing

2005-05-01

Urban non-point source pollution is a new problem appeared with the speeding development of urbanization. The particularity of urban land use and the increase of impervious surface area make urban non-point source pollution differ from agricultural non-point source pollution, and more difficult to control. Best Management Practices (BMPs) are the effective practices commonly applied in controlling urban non-point source pollution, mainly adopting local repairing practices to control the pollutants in surface runoff. Because of the close relationship between urban land use patterns and non-point source pollution, it would be rational to combine the landscape ecological planning with local BMPs to control the urban non-point source pollution, which needs, firstly, analyzing and evaluating the influence of landscape structure on water-bodies, pollution sources and pollutant removal processes to define the relationships between landscape spatial pattern and non-point source pollution and to decide the key polluted fields, and secondly, adjusting inherent landscape structures or/and joining new landscape factors to form new landscape pattern, and combining landscape planning and management through applying BMPs into planning to improve urban landscape heterogeneity and to control urban non-point source pollution.

A multi-factor designation method for mapping particulate-pollution control zones in China.

PubMed

Qin, Y; Xie, S D

2011-09-01

A multi-factor designation method for mapping particulate-pollution control zones was brought out through synthetically considering PM(10) pollution status, PM(10) anthropogenic emissions, fine particle pollution, long-range transport and economic situation. According to this method, China was divided into four different particulate-pollution control regions: PM Suspended Control Region, PM(10) Pollution Control Region, PM(2.5) Pollution Control Region and PM(10) and PM(2.5) Common Control Region, which accounted for 69.55%, 9.66%, 4.67% and 16.13% of China's territory, respectively. The PM(10) and PM(2.5) Common Control Region was mainly distributed in Bohai Region, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, eastern of Sichuan province and Chongqing municipality, calling for immediate control of both PM(10) and PM(2.5). Cost-effective control effects can be achieved through concentrating efforts on PM(10) and PM(2.5) Common Control Region to address 60.32% of national PM(10) anthropogenic emissions. Air quality in districts belonging to PM(2.5) Pollution Control Region suggested that Chinese national ambient air quality standard for PM(10) was not strict enough. The result derived from application to China proved that this approach was feasible for mapping pollution control regions for a country with vast territory, complicated pollution characteristics and limited available monitoring data. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Setting limits: Using air pollution thresholds to protect and restore U.S. ecosystems

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fenn, M.E.; Lambert, K.F.; Blett, T.F.; Burns, Douglas A.; Pardo, L.H.; Lovett, Gary M.; Haeuber, R. A.; Evers, D.C.; Driscoll, C.T.; Jeffries, D.S.

2011-01-01

More than four decades of research provide unequivocal evidence that sulfur, nitrogen, and mercury pollution have altered, and will continue to alter, our nation's lands and waters. The emission and deposition of air pollutants harm native plants and animals, degrade water quality, affect forest productivity, and are damaging to human health. Many air quality policies limit emissions at the source but these control measures do not always consider ecosystem impacts. Air pollution thresholds at which ecological effects are observed, such as critical loads, are effective tools for assessing the impacts of air pollution on essential ecosystem services and for informing public policy. U.S. ecosystems can be more effectively protected and restored by using a combination of emissions-based approaches and science-based thresholds of ecosystem damage. Based on the results of a comprehensive review of air pollution thresholds, we conclude: ??? Ecosystem services such as air and water purification, decomposition and detoxification of waste materials, climate regulation, regeneration of soil fertility, production and biodiversity maintenance, as well as crop, timber and fish supplies are impacted by deposition of nitrogen, sulfur, mercury and other pollutants. The consequences of these changes may be difficult or impossible to reverse as impacts cascade throughout affected ecosystems. ??? The effects of too much nitrogen are common across the U.S. and include altered plant and lichen communities, enhanced growth of invasive species, eutrophication and acidification of lands and waters, and habitat deterioration for native species, including endangered species. ??? Lake, stream and soil acidification is widespread across the eastern United States. Up to 65% of lakes within sensitive areas receive acid deposition that exceeds critical loads. ??? Mercury contamination adversely affects fish in many inland and coastal waters. Fish consumption advisories for mercury exist in all 50 states and on many tribal lands. High concentrations of mercury in wildlife are also widespread and have multiple adverse effects. ??? Air quality programs, such as those stemming from the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, have helped decrease air pollution even as population and energy demand have increased. Yet, they do not adequately protect ecosystems from long-term damage. Moreover they do not address ammonia emissions. ??? A stronger ecosystem basis for air pollutant policies could be established through adoption of science-based thresholds. Existing monitoring programs track vital information needed to measure the response to policies, and could be expanded to include appropriate chemical and biological indicators for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and establishment of a national ecosystem monitoring network for mercury. The development and use of air pollution thresholds for ecosystem protection and management is increasing in the United States, yet threshold approaches remain underutilized. Ecological thresholds for air pollution, such as critical loads for nitrogen and sulfur deposition, are not currently included in the formal regulatory process for emissions controls in the United States, although they are now considered in local management decisions by the National Park Service and U.S. Forest Service. Ecological thresholds offer a scientifically sound approach to protecting and restoring U.S. ecosystems and an important tool for natural resource management and policy. ?? The Ecological Society of America.

A review of methods for predicting air pollution dispersion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mathis, J. J., Jr.; Grose, W. L.

1973-01-01

Air pollution modeling, and problem areas in air pollution dispersion modeling were surveyed. Emission source inventory, meteorological data, and turbulent diffusion are discussed in terms of developing a dispersion model. Existing mathematical models of urban air pollution, and highway and airport models are discussed along with their limitations. Recommendations for improving modeling capabilities are included.

A Survey of Wireless Sensor Network Based Air Pollution Monitoring Systems

PubMed Central

Yi, Wei Ying; Lo, Kin Ming; Mak, Terrence; Leung, Kwong Sak; Leung, Yee; Meng, Mei Ling

2015-01-01

The air quality in urban areas is a major concern in modern cities due to significant impacts of air pollution on public health, global environment, and worldwide economy. Recent studies reveal the importance of micro-level pollution information, including human personal exposure and acute exposure to air pollutants. A real-time system with high spatio-temporal resolution is essential because of the limited data availability and non-scalability of conventional air pollution monitoring systems. Currently, researchers focus on the concept of The Next Generation Air Pollution Monitoring System (TNGAPMS) and have achieved significant breakthroughs by utilizing the advance sensing technologies, MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). However, there exist potential problems of these newly proposed systems, namely the lack of 3D data acquisition ability and the flexibility of the sensor network. In this paper, we classify the existing works into three categories as Static Sensor Network (SSN), Community Sensor Network (CSN) and Vehicle Sensor Network (VSN) based on the carriers of the sensors. Comprehensive reviews and comparisons among these three types of sensor networks were also performed. Last but not least, we discuss the limitations of the existing works and conclude the objectives that we want to achieve in future systems. PMID:26703598

A Survey of Wireless Sensor Network Based Air Pollution Monitoring Systems.

PubMed

Yi, Wei Ying; Lo, Kin Ming; Mak, Terrence; Leung, Kwong Sak; Leung, Yee; Meng, Mei Ling

2015-12-12

The air quality in urban areas is a major concern in modern cities due to significant impacts of air pollution on public health, global environment, and worldwide economy. Recent studies reveal the importance of micro-level pollution information, including human personal exposure and acute exposure to air pollutants. A real-time system with high spatio-temporal resolution is essential because of the limited data availability and non-scalability of conventional air pollution monitoring systems. Currently, researchers focus on the concept of The Next Generation Air Pollution Monitoring System (TNGAPMS) and have achieved significant breakthroughs by utilizing the advance sensing technologies, MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). However, there exist potential problems of these newly proposed systems, namely the lack of 3D data acquisition ability and the flexibility of the sensor network. In this paper, we classify the existing works into three categories as Static Sensor Network (SSN), Community Sensor Network (CSN) and Vehicle Sensor Network (VSN) based on the carriers of the sensors. Comprehensive reviews and comparisons among these three types of sensor networks were also performed. Last but not least, we discuss the limitations of the existing works and conclude the objectives that we want to achieve in future systems.

40 CFR 415.674 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Zinc... pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES): Subpart BO—Zinc Chloride Pollutant or pollutant property... Milligrams per liter (mg/l) Arsenic (T) 3.0 1.0 Zinc (T) 2.3 0.76 Lead (T) 0.18 0.048 [49 FR 33428, Aug. 22...

40 CFR 415.674 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Zinc... pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES): Subpart BO—Zinc Chloride Pollutant or pollutant property... Milligrams per liter (mg/l) Arsenic (T) 3.0 1.0 Zinc (T) 2.3 0.76 Lead (T) 0.18 0.048 [49 FR 33428, Aug. 22...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Vvvv of... - Compliance Dates for New and Existing Boat Manufacturing Facilities

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Boat Manufacturing Facilities 1 Table 1 to Subpart VVVV of Part 63 Protection of Environment... AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Boat... Existing Boat Manufacturing Facilities As specified in § 63.5695, you must comply by the dates in the...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Vvvv of... - Compliance Dates for New and Existing Boat Manufacturing Facilities

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Boat Manufacturing Facilities 1 Table 1 to Subpart VVVV of Part 63 Protection of Environment... AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Boat... Existing Boat Manufacturing Facilities As specified in § 63.5695, you must comply by the dates in the...

EPA Air Pollution Control Cost Manual

EPA Science Inventory

EPA's Air Pollution Control Cost Manual provides guidance for the development of accurate and consistent costs for air pollution control devices. A long-standing document prepared by EPA, the Control Cost Manual focuses on point source and stationary area source air pollution con...

The study on the evaluation of the pollution control situation of the sewage systems in the counties and cities of Taiwan by applying the VIKOR method.

PubMed

Kuo, Jun-Yuan

2017-12-01

Currently, the pollution control situation of the sewage systems across Taiwan can be divided into the two major sewage systems, namely, industrial area sewage and public community sewage. When the counties and cities of Taiwan cannot effectively control the sewage pollution situation, ecological pollution of the environment and personal health damage would result. Therefore, evaluating the pollution control situation of the sewage systems can help the environmental protection authorities developing strategies for the pollution control of the sewage systems in the future. In this study, the Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method was applied to evaluate the pollution control situation of the sewage systems. The water sample test qualification rate, the emission permit issuance rate, and the staff setting rate of the dedicated wastewater treatment company were used as the pollution control evaluation indexes. According to the results, the use of the VIKOR method to evaluate the pollution control situation of the sewage systems is effective. In cities and counties in Taiwan, public community sewage systems, dedicated to pollution control case, the public community should be actively coached in emission control technology to upgrade sewage capacity, the issuance of discharge permits, and the staff setting rate of the dedicated wastewater treatment, to improve public community sewage pollution control system capabilities. In Taiwan, the industrial area sewage systems, dedicated to pollution control situations, must pay attention to business units in raw materials, spare part inventory, and machine supplier of choice, and we must choose to meet environmental supply chain of green suppliers, which would be effective in reducing effluent produce and improve water sample test qualification rate. The VIKOR value of Yilan County is 1.0000, which is the worst in the pollution control of all the industrial area sewage systems, followed by Taoyuan County (0.2253) and Kaohsiung City (0.1334). Other cities and counties of Taiwan have good performance in the pollution control of the industrial area sewage systems. The VIKOR value of Kinmen County is 1.0000, which is the worst pollution control among the all public community sewage systems, followed by Hsinchu County (0.7458) and New Taipei City (0.5527). Among the cities and counties with good pollution control of the public community sewage systems, the best is Chiayi County (0.0000), followed by Kaohsiung City (0.0159) and Hsinchu City (0.0352). Chiayi County is a good performance compromise between all VIKOR values (0.0000), whether in industrial or public community area pollution control sewage systems. Yilan County industrial pollution control has the poorest performance of all the industrial area sewage systems in Taiwan, but in the public community, it ranked as fourth place of all the public community area sewage systems in Taiwan. The VIKOR method proposed in this study can effectively evaluate the pollution control situation of the sewage systems, and serve as a reference for the environmental protection authorities in developing the strategies for the pollution control of the sewage systems.

Combined air and water pollution control system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wolverton, Billy C. (Inventor); Jarrell, Lamont (Inventor)

1990-01-01

A bioaquatic air pollution control system for controlling both water and atmospheric pollution is disclosed. The pollution control system includes an exhaust for directing polluted gases out of a furnace and a fluid circulating system which circulates fluid, such as waste water, from a source, past the furnace where the fluid flow entrains the pollutants from the furnace. The combined fluid and pollutants are then directed through a rock/plant/microbial filtering system. A suction pump pumps the treated waste water from the filter system past the exhaust to again entrain more pollutants from the furnace where they are combined with the fluid (waste water) and directed to the filter system.

Facilitating the afforestation of Mediterranean polluted soils by nurse shrubs.

PubMed

Domínguez, María T; Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio M; Murillo, José M; Marañón, Teodoro

2015-09-15

The revegetation of polluted sites and abandoned agricultural soils is critical to reduce soil losses and to control the spread of soil pollution in the Mediterranean region, which is currently exposed to the greatest soil erosion risk in Europe. However, events of massive plant mortality usually occur during the first years after planting, mainly due to the adverse conditions of high irradiance and drought stress. Here, we evaluated the usefulness of considering the positive plant-plant interactions (facilitation effect) in the afforestation of polluted agricultural sites, using pre-existing shrubs as nurse plants. We used nurse shrubs as planting microsites for acorns of Quercus ilex (Holm oak) along a gradient of soil pollution in southwestern Spain, and monitored seedling growth, survival, and chemical composition during three consecutive years. Seedling survival greatly increased (from 20% to more than 50%) when acorns were sown under shrub, in comparison to the open, unprotected matrix. Facilitation of seedling growth by shrubs increased along the gradient of soil pollution, in agreement with the stress gradient hypothesis that predicts higher intensity of the facilitation effects with increasing abiotic stress. Although the accumulation of trace elements in seedling leaves was higher underneath shrub, the shading conditions provided by the shrub canopy allowed seedlings to cope with the toxicity provoked by the concurrence of low pH and high trace element concentrations in the most polluted sites. Our results show that the use of shrubs as nurse plants is a promising tool for the cost-effective afforestation of polluted lands under Mediterranean conditions. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Surf zone entrainment, along-shore transport, and human health implications of pollution from tidal outlets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grant, S. B.; Kim, J. H.; Jones, B. H.; Jenkins, S. A.; Wasyl, J.; Cudaback, C.

2005-10-01

Field experiments and modeling studies were carried out to characterize the surf zone entrainment and along-shore transport of pollution from two tidal outlets that drain into Huntington Beach and Newport Beach, popular public beaches in southern California. The surf zone entrainment and near-shore transport of pollutants from these tidal outlets appears to be controlled by prevailing wave conditions and coastal currents, and fine-scale features of the flow field around the outlets. An analysis of data from dye experiments and fecal indicator bacteria monitoring studies reveals that the along-shore flux of surf zone water is at least 50 to 300 times larger than the cross-shore flux of surf zone water. As a result, pollutants entrained in the surf zone hug the shore, where they travel significant distances parallel to the beach before diluting to extinction. Under the assumption that all surf zone pollution at Huntington Beach originates from two tidal outlets, the Santa Ana River and Talbert Marsh outlets, models of mass and momentum transport in the surf zone approximately capture the observed tidal phasing and magnitude of certain fecal indicator bacteria groups (total coliform) but not others (Escherichia coli and enterococci), implying the existence of multiple sources of, and/or multiple transport pathways for, fecal pollution at this site. The intersection of human recreation and near-shore pollution pathways implies that, from a human health perspective, special care should be taken to reduce the discharge of harmful pollutants from land-side sources of surface water runoff, such as tidal outlets and storm drains.

Environmental health monograph

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1974-05-01

Current environmental programs intended to reduce or mediate environmental health hazards in Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties, South Carolina, are described. The following areas are considered: air pollution, noise abatement, pesticide control, accident prevention, food and milk sanitation, occupational health housing, water supply, sewerage, industrial waste, solid waste disposal, and vector control. The lack of adequate technically trained manpower or funds to implement minimum codes currently in force in the Trident Region is noted. The wide range of public and private agencies concerned with environmental health issues creates complexities in dealing with these issues. Conflicting codes and standards exist atmore » various government levels. The Trident Health District Office Air Pollution Control Program provides the following: ambient air quality surveillance; review of plans and specifications for proposed air pollution control facilities and equipment; and air monitoring. A list of safety - related courses offered by the Greater Charleston Safety Council is provided. A lack of readily available statistics concerning the various kinds of accidents and the frequency of their occurrence is noted. Concern is also expressed over the lack of personnel to inspect the growing food service industry. Local activities in the area of occupational health are reported to be less than minimal. The Charleston County Health Department has recently introduced a rural sanitation program. The county also issues permits for septic tank installation. The Regional Planning Council for the area aids municipalities and counties in planning for and implementing supply control and solid waste management in compliance with Federal and State laws. Mosquito abatement, rabies control, and rodent control activities in the area are described. Portions of this document are not fully legible. (GRA)« less

78 FR 53249 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, Placer County Air Pollution Control District

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-29

... the California State Implementation Plan, Placer County Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... the Placer County Air Pollution Control District (PCAPCD) portion of the California State... 40 CFR Part 52 Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by reference...

76 FR 5277 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, Santa Barbara Air Pollution Control...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-31

... the California State Implementation Plan, Santa Barbara Air Pollution Control District, Antelope Valley Air Quality Management District, Ventura County Air Pollution Control District and Placer County Air Pollution Control District AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Direct final...

75 FR 27975 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan; Imperial County Air Pollution Control...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-19

... the California State Implementation Plan; Imperial County Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... the Imperial County Air Pollution Control District (ICAPCD) portion of the California State... of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52 Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Intergovernmental...

76 FR 5319 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, Santa Barbara Air Pollution Control...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-31

... the California State Implementation Plan, Santa Barbara Air Pollution Control District, Placer County Air Pollution Control District, Antelope Valley Air Quality Management District, and Ventura County Air Pollution Control District AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Proposed rule...

The Development of a Systematic Process for Enhancing the Awareness of the Potential for Indoor Air Pollution in Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liska, Roger William

This paper developed methodology to assist school principals in determining the existence of potential indoor air pollution problems and how to alleviate them, as well as a procedure for pollution prevention. Site visits were conducted on 10 South Carolina elementary schools: five with high potential for indoor air pollution; five with low…

Change Detection Analysis of Water Pollution in Coimbatore Region using Different Color Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiji, G. Wiselin; Devi, R. Naveena

2017-12-01

The data acquired through remote sensing satellites furnish facts about the land and water at varying resolutions and has been widely used for several change detection studies. Apart from the existence of many change detection methodologies and techniques, emergence of new ones continues to subsist. Existing change detection techniques exploit images that are either in gray scale or RGB color model. In this paper we introduced color models for performing change detection for water pollution. Here the polluted lakes are classified and post-classification change detection techniques are applied to RGB images and results obtained are analysed for changes to exist or not. Furthermore RGB images obtained after classification when converted to any of the two color models YCbCr and YIQ is found to produce the same results as that of the RGB model images. Thus it can be concluded that other color models like YCbCr, YIQ can be used as substitution to RGB color model for analysing change detection with regard to water pollution.

Association between Air Pollution and Emergency Room Visits for Atrial Fibrillation.

PubMed

Solimini, Angelo G; Renzi, Matteo

2017-06-20

Despite the large prevalence in the population, possible factors responsible for the induction of atrial fibrillation (AF) events in susceptible individuals remain incompletely understood. We investigated the association between air pollution levels and emergency department admissions for AF in Rome. We conducted a 14 years' time-series study to evaluate the association between the daily levels of air pollution (particulate matter, PM 10 and PM 2.5 , and nitrogen dioxide, NO₂) and the daily count of emergency accesses for AF (ICD-9 code: 427.31). We applied an over-dispersed conditional Poisson model to analyze the associations at different lags after controlling for time, influenza epidemics, holiday periods, temperature, and relative humidity. Additionally, we evaluated bi-pollutant models by including the other pollutant and the influence of several effect modifiers such as personal characteristics and pre-existing medical conditions. In the period of study, 79,892 individuals were admitted to the emergency departments of Rome hospitals because of AF (on average, 15.6 patients per day: min = 1, max = 36). Air pollution levels were associated with increased AF emergency visits within 24 h of exposure. Effect estimates ranged between 1.4% (0.7-2.3) for a 10 µg/m³ increase of PM 10 to 3% (1.4-4.7) for a 10 µg/m³ increase of PM 2.5 at lag 0-1 day. Those effects were higher in patients ≥75 years for all pollutants, male patients for PM 10 , and female patients for NO₂. The presence of previous cardiovascular conditions, but not other effect modifiers, increase the pollution effects by 5-8% depending on the lag. This study found evidence that air pollution is associated with AF emergency visits in the short term.

Association between Air Pollution and Emergency Room Visits for Atrial Fibrillation

PubMed Central

Solimini, Angelo G.; Renzi, Matteo

2017-01-01

Despite the large prevalence in the population, possible factors responsible for the induction of atrial fibrillation (AF) events in susceptible individuals remain incompletely understood. We investigated the association between air pollution levels and emergency department admissions for AF in Rome. We conducted a 14 years’ time-series study to evaluate the association between the daily levels of air pollution (particulate matter, PM10 and PM2.5, and nitrogen dioxide, NO2) and the daily count of emergency accesses for AF (ICD-9 code: 427.31). We applied an over-dispersed conditional Poisson model to analyze the associations at different lags after controlling for time, influenza epidemics, holiday periods, temperature, and relative humidity. Additionally, we evaluated bi-pollutant models by including the other pollutant and the influence of several effect modifiers such as personal characteristics and pre-existing medical conditions. In the period of study, 79,892 individuals were admitted to the emergency departments of Rome hospitals because of AF (on average, 15.6 patients per day: min = 1, max = 36). Air pollution levels were associated with increased AF emergency visits within 24 h of exposure. Effect estimates ranged between 1.4% (0.7–2.3) for a 10 µg/m3 increase of PM10 to 3% (1.4–4.7) for a 10 µg/m3 increase of PM2.5 at lag 0–1 day. Those effects were higher in patients ≥75 years for all pollutants, male patients for PM10, and female patients for NO2. The presence of previous cardiovascular conditions, but not other effect modifiers, increase the pollution effects by 5–8% depending on the lag. This study found evidence that air pollution is associated with AF emergency visits in the short term. PMID:28632149

75 FR 45082 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, Santa Barbara County Air Pollution Control...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-02

... the California State Implementation Plan, Santa Barbara County Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... limited disapproval of revisions to the Santa Barbara County Air Pollution Control District (SBCAPCD... Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Intergovernmental relations, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, Reporting...

75 FR 1284 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, Ventura County Air Pollution Control District

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-11

... the California State Implementation Plan, Ventura County Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... the Ventura County Air Pollution Control District (VCAPCD) portion of the California State...)(2)). List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52 Environmental protection, Air pollution control...

78 FR 896 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, Imperial County Air Pollution Control...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-07

... the California State Implementation Plan, Imperial County Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... the Imperial County Air Pollution Control District (ICAPCD) portion of the California State...)(2)). List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52 Environmental protection, Air pollution control...

77 FR 73322 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, Monterey Bay Unified Air Pollution Control...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-10

... the California State Implementation Plan, Monterey Bay Unified Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... approve revisions to the Monterey Bay Unified Air Pollution Control District (MBUAPCD) portion of the... Part 52 Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental...

76 FR 30080 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, Placer County Air Pollution Control...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-24

... the California State Implementation Plan, Placer County Air Pollution Control District and Ventura County Air Pollution Control District AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: EPA is proposing to approve revisions to the Placer County Air Pollution Control...

75 FR 56889 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, San Diego County Air Pollution Control...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-17

... the California State Implementation Plan, San Diego County Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... approve revisions to the San Diego County Air Pollution Control District (SDCAPCD) portion of the... CFR Part 52 Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by reference...

Research on the negative externality of breeding wastewater in rural construction—Taking the large-scale breeding project of Tongnan in Chongqing as an example

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yin, Mingqiang; Hu, Wen; Wu, Haonan

2018-03-01

The country vigorously promotes the collective operation of traditional culture, which brings a lot of negative externalities of environmental pollution. Environmental pollution causes the difference between social cost and private cost. The cost of pollution is not borne by private enterprises, it is an external cost for the polluters. This paper attempts to take the Chongqing pig farm as an example to select the COD and TN indicators in the wastewater as the focus point of the analysis. We explore the equilibrium point based on the personal cost of Party A and the public welfare cost brought by environmental pollution, and test the rationality and accuracy of the existing norms. On the basis of existing research, the end of the paper tries to explore the better solution according to the law of Pigou and the property rights delimitation.

The Associations Between Air Pollution and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in China.

PubMed

Tan, Yafei; Yang, Rong; Zhao, Jinzhu; Cao, Zhongqiang; Chen, Yawen; Zhang, Bin

2017-01-01

Research on the potential impact of air pollution on the human's health has increased rapidly in recent years. Several studies have suggested that exposure to air pollutants during period of pregnancy which is a crucial time point of mother-fetus development may have long-term and serious impact on adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is lack of review to evaluate the existed epidemiologic evidence on the associations between air pollutants and adverse pregnancy outcomes in China, so we conducted a review to explore the current epidemiological evidence on the effects of air pollutants to pregnancy outcomes and possible mechanisms during the pregnancy process. We used keywords to systematically search all the English and Chinese literatures on studies that were conducted in China. Exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy had shown there were harmful effects for different birth outcomes: preterm birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, birth defects, infertility, and macrosomia fetus. Results on the effects of air pollutants on adverse pregnancy outcomes are small and inconsistent because they vary in their design and methodology. The existed available evidence is compatible with either a small negative effect of air pollutants on pregnancy outcomes or with no effect; therefore, further studies are needed to confirm and quantify the possible associations and potential biologic mechanisms between air pollutants and pregnancy outcomes.

Will joint regional air pollution control be more cost-effective? An empirical study of China's Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

PubMed

Wu, Dan; Xu, Yuan; Zhang, Shiqiu

2015-02-01

By following an empirical approach, this study proves that joint regional air pollution control (JRAPC) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region will save the expense on air pollution control compared with a locally-based pollution control strategy. The evidences below were found. (A) Local pollutant concentration in some of the cities is significantly affected by emissions from their surrounding areas. (B) There is heterogeneity in the marginal pollutant concentration reduction cost among various districts as a result of the cities' varying contribution of unit emission reduction to the pollutant concentration reduction, and their diverse unit cost of emission reduction brought about by their different industry composition. The results imply that the cost-efficiency of air pollution control will be improved in China if the conventional locally based regime of air pollution control can shift to a regionally based one. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 423.16 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... used for transformer fluid. (b) The pollutants discharged in chemical metal cleaning wastes shall not... 126 priority pollutants (Appendix A) contained in chemicals added for cooling tower maintenance... priority pollutants in paragraph (d)(1) of this section may be determined by engineering calculations which...

40 CFR 423.16 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... used for transformer fluid. (b) The pollutants discharged in chemical metal cleaning wastes shall not... 126 priority pollutants (Appendix A) contained in chemicals added for cooling tower maintenance... priority pollutants in paragraph (d)(1) of this section may be determined by engineering calculations which...

40 CFR 423.16 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... used for transformer fluid. (b) The pollutants discharged in chemical metal cleaning wastes shall not... 126 priority pollutants (Appendix A) contained in chemicals added for cooling tower maintenance... priority pollutants in paragraph (d)(1) of this section may be determined by engineering calculations which...

40 CFR 423.16 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... used for transformer fluid. (b) The pollutants discharged in chemical metal cleaning wastes shall not... 126 priority pollutants (Appendix A) contained in chemicals added for cooling tower maintenance... priority pollutants in paragraph (d)(1) of this section may be determined by engineering calculations which...

40 CFR 423.16 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... used for transformer fluid. (b) The pollutants discharged in chemical metal cleaning wastes shall not... 126 priority pollutants (Appendix A) contained in chemicals added for cooling tower maintenance... priority pollutants in paragraph (d)(1) of this section may be determined by engineering calculations which...

40 CFR 434.70 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... abandoned or the performance bond has been forfeited. (b) The term pollution abatement area means the part of the permit area that is causing or contributing to the baseline pollution load of pre-existing discharges. The pollution abatement area must include, to the extent practicable, areas adjacent to and...

40 CFR 405.44 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 405.104 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 406.44 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 406.34 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 405.124 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 405.44 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 406.54 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 406.64 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 405.44 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

77 FR 58063 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Texas; Reasonably Available Control Technology...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-19

.... (1) Control of Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles, (2) Control of Air Pollution from Volatile Organic... discussed below. The first component concerns revisions to 30 TAC Chapter 114 Control of Air Pollution from... component of the June 13, 2007 submittal concerns revisions to 30 TAC, Chapter 115 Control of Air Pollution...

Using the example of Istanbul to outline general aspects of protecting reservoirs, rivers and lakes used for drinking water abstraction.

PubMed

Tanik, A

2000-01-01

The six main drinking water reservoirs of Istanbul are under the threat of pollution due to rapid population increase, unplanned urbanisation and insufficient infrastructure. In contrast to the present land use profile, the environmental evaluation of the catchment areas reveals that point sources of pollutants, especially of domestic origin, dominate over those from diffuse sources. The water quality studies also support these findings, emphasising that if no substantial precautions are taken, there will be no possibility of obtaining drinking water from them. In this paper, under the light of the present status of the reservoirs, possible and probable short- and long-term protective measures are outlined for reducing the impact of point sources. Immediate precautions mostly depend on reducing the pollution arising from the existing settlements. Long-term measures mainly emphasise the preparation of new land use plans taking into consideration the protection of unoccupied lands. Recommendations on protection and control of the reservoirs are stated.

75 FR 39365 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, Imperial County Air Pollution Control...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-08

... Implementation Plan, Imperial County Air Pollution Control District; Final Rule #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 75... Implementation Plan, Imperial County Air Pollution Control District AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA... the Imperial County Air Pollution Control District (ICAPCD or the District) portion of the California...

40 CFR 1700.14 - Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD... UNIFORM NATIONAL DISCHARGE STANDARDS FOR VESSELS OF THE ARMED FORCES Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards § 1700.14 Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 1700.14 - Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD... UNIFORM NATIONAL DISCHARGE STANDARDS FOR VESSELS OF THE ARMED FORCES Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards § 1700.14 Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 1700.14 - Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD... UNIFORM NATIONAL DISCHARGE STANDARDS FOR VESSELS OF THE ARMED FORCES Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards § 1700.14 Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards. [Reserved] ...

77 FR 52341 - Information Collection Activity: Subpart C, Pollution Prevention and Control; Submitted for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-29

...-0001; OMB Number 1014-NEW] Information Collection Activity: Subpart C, Pollution Prevention and Control... the regulations under Subpart C, Pollution Prevention and Control. This notice also provides the... information. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: 30 CFR 250, Subpart C, Pollution Prevention and Control. OMB...

78 FR 29683 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Kentucky; Approval of Revisions to the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-21

... of the Louisville Metro Air Pollution Control District (District), which has jurisdiction over... County Air Pollution Control District'' was renamed the ``Louisville Metro Air Pollution Control District... subheading ``Air Pollution Control District of Jefferson County.'' Thus, to be consistent with the...

15 CFR 923.45 - Air and water pollution control requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Air and water pollution control....45 Air and water pollution control requirements. The program must incorporate, by reference or otherwise, all requirements established by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (Clean Water...

30 CFR 780.15 - Air pollution control plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Air pollution control plan. 780.15 Section 780....15 Air pollution control plan. (a) For all surface mining activities with projected production rates... application shall contain an air pollution control plan which includes the following: (1) An air quality...

30 CFR 784.26 - Air pollution control plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Air pollution control plan. 784.26 Section 784... § 784.26 Air pollution control plan. For all surface operations associated with underground mining activities, the application shall contain an air pollution control plan which includes the following: (a) An...

40 CFR 1700.14 - Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD... UNIFORM NATIONAL DISCHARGE STANDARDS FOR VESSELS OF THE ARMED FORCES Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards § 1700.14 Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 1700.14 - Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD... UNIFORM NATIONAL DISCHARGE STANDARDS FOR VESSELS OF THE ARMED FORCES Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards § 1700.14 Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards. [Reserved] ...

76 FR 75795 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, Placer County Air Pollution Control District

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-05

... the California State Implementation Plan, Placer County Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... approve revisions to the Placer County Air Pollution Control District (PCAPCD) portion of the California...)). List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52 Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by...

75 FR 10690 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-09

... the California State Implementation Plan, San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District (SJVAPCD) portion of the California State...)(2)). List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52 Environmental protection, Air pollution control...

15 CFR 923.45 - Air and water pollution control requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Air and water pollution control....45 Air and water pollution control requirements. The program must incorporate, by reference or otherwise, all requirements established by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (Clean Water...

76 FR 40660 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-11

... the California State Implementation Plan, San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District (SJVUAPCD... approve revisions to the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District (SJVUAPCD) portion of the....0 for the following terms: Air Pollution Control Officer, Board, Environmental Protection Agency...

30 CFR 780.15 - Air pollution control plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Air pollution control plan. 780.15 Section 780....15 Air pollution control plan. (a) For all surface mining activities with projected production rates... application shall contain an air pollution control plan which includes the following: (1) An air quality...

30 CFR 784.26 - Air pollution control plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Air pollution control plan. 784.26 Section 784... § 784.26 Air pollution control plan. For all surface operations associated with underground mining activities, the application shall contain an air pollution control plan which includes the following: (a) An...

15 CFR 923.45 - Air and water pollution control requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Air and water pollution control....45 Air and water pollution control requirements. The program must incorporate, by reference or otherwise, all requirements established by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (Clean Water...

15 CFR 923.45 - Air and water pollution control requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Air and water pollution control....45 Air and water pollution control requirements. The program must incorporate, by reference or otherwise, all requirements established by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (Clean Water...

30 CFR 784.26 - Air pollution control plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Air pollution control plan. 784.26 Section 784... § 784.26 Air pollution control plan. For all surface operations associated with underground mining activities, the application shall contain an air pollution control plan which includes the following: (a) An...

40 CFR 60.2716 - By what date must I conduct the annual air pollution control device inspection?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection? 60.2716 Section 60.2716 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY... annual air pollution control device inspection), you must complete the air pollution control device...

78 FR 37130 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, San Diego Air Pollution Control District

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-20

... the California State Implementation Plan, San Diego Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... approve a revision to the San Diego Air Pollution Control District (SDAPCD) portion of the California...)). List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52 Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by...

30 CFR 784.26 - Air pollution control plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Air pollution control plan. 784.26 Section 784... § 784.26 Air pollution control plan. For all surface operations associated with underground mining activities, the application shall contain an air pollution control plan which includes the following: (a) An...

30 CFR 780.15 - Air pollution control plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Air pollution control plan. 780.15 Section 780....15 Air pollution control plan. (a) For all surface mining activities with projected production rates... application shall contain an air pollution control plan which includes the following: (1) An air quality...

40 CFR 60.2716 - By what date must I conduct the annual air pollution control device inspection?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection? 60.2716 Section 60.2716 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY... annual air pollution control device inspection), you must complete the air pollution control device...

30 CFR 780.15 - Air pollution control plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Air pollution control plan. 780.15 Section 780....15 Air pollution control plan. (a) For all surface mining activities with projected production rates... application shall contain an air pollution control plan which includes the following: (1) An air quality...

30 CFR 784.26 - Air pollution control plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Air pollution control plan. 784.26 Section 784... § 784.26 Air pollution control plan. For all surface operations associated with underground mining activities, the application shall contain an air pollution control plan which includes the following: (a) An...

40 CFR 60.2716 - By what date must I conduct the annual air pollution control device inspection?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection? 60.2716 Section 60.2716 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY... annual air pollution control device inspection), you must complete the air pollution control device...

30 CFR 780.15 - Air pollution control plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Air pollution control plan. 780.15 Section 780....15 Air pollution control plan. (a) For all surface mining activities with projected production rates... application shall contain an air pollution control plan which includes the following: (1) An air quality...

Product Guide/1972 [Air Pollution Control Association].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 1971

1971-01-01

Reprinted in this pamphlet is the fifth annual directory of air pollution control products as compiled in the "Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association" for December, 1971. The 16-page guide lists manufacturers of emission control equipment and air pollution instrumentation under product classifications as derived from McGraw-Hill's "Air…

A Simulation Model for Studying Effects of Pollution and Freshwater Inflow on Secondary Productivity in an Ecosystem. Ph.D. Thesis - North Carolina State Univ.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, R. W.

1974-01-01

A mathematical model of an ecosystem is developed. Secondary productivity is evaluated in terms of man related and controllable factors. Information from an existing physical parameters model is used as well as pertinent biological measurements. Predictive information of value to estuarine management is presented. Biological, chemical, and physical parameters measured in order to develop models of ecosystems are identified.

The Environmental Assessment and Management (TEAM) Guide: Montana Supplement. Revision

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

pollution control equipment are operating as designed. AE.37.3.MT. Non -exempt existing s mall m unicipal combustion u nits m ust m eet...species. NON -ESSENTIAL EXPERIMENTAL POPULATION (XN) - A population of a listed species reintroduced into a specific area that receives more flexible...been triple rinsed or processed by methods approved by the Department. 2. Group III wastes include wood wastes and non -water soluble solids. These

Alternative approaches to pollution control and waste management: Regulatory and economic instruments. Planteamientos alternos para el control de la contaminacion y el manejo de desechos: instrumentos regulatorios y economicos

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bernstein, J.D.

1993-01-01

The paper examines ways in which developed and developing countries control pollution and manage urban wastes. It addresses pollution issues of concern to local, provincial, and national governments, as well as nongovernmental organizations. Two approaches to pollution management are discussed: direct regulation and economic incentives. Direct regulation sets standards and enforces them through permits, licenses, and controls on land or water use. Economic incentives encourage polluters to adopt control measures and are more flexible and cost effective. Such incentives include charging fees to enterprises for pollution discharges or providing government subsidies for pollution control technology. The author tells how economicmore » incentives can supplement direct regulation and why such incentives, when properly used, offer advantages over direct regulation. The author discusses how governments have used economic incentives to deal with specific environmental issues and what factors policymakers must address when they plan pollution controls.« less

Air Pollution Manual, Part 1--Evaluation. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Giever, Paul M., Ed.

Due to the great increase in technical knowledge and improvement in procedures, this second edition has been prepared to update existing information. Air pollution legislation is reviewed. Sources of air pollution are examined extensively. They are treated in terms of natural sources, man-made sources, metropolitan regional emissions, emission…

40 CFR 405.94 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 405.14 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 405.34 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 405.34 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 405.24 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 405.114 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 405.24 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 405.24 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 405.34 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 405.14 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

40 CFR 405.14 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403. In addition, the following pretreatment standard establishes the quantity or quality of... treatment works by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Pollutant or pollutant property...

The role of meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies in reducing air pollution in Beijing during APEC 2014 and Victory Parade 2015

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, Pengfei; Zhu, Tong; Fang, Yanhua; Li, Yingruo; Han, Yiqun; Wu, Yusheng; Hu, Min; Wang, Junxia

2017-11-01

To control severe air pollution in China, comprehensive pollution control strategies have been implemented throughout the country in recent years. To evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies, the influence of meteorological conditions on levels of air pollution needs to be determined. Using the intensive air pollution control strategies implemented during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum in 2014 (APEC 2014) and the 2015 China Victory Day Parade (Victory Parade 2015) as examples, we estimated the role of meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies in reducing air pollution levels in Beijing. Atmospheric particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) samples were collected and gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO, NOx, and O3) were measured online at a site in Peking University (PKU). To determine the influence of meteorological conditions on the levels of air pollution, we first compared the air pollutant concentrations during days with stable meteorological conditions. However, there were few days with stable meteorological conditions during the Victory Parade. As such, we were unable to estimate the level of emission reduction efforts during this period. Finally, a generalized linear regression model (GLM) based only on meteorological parameters was built to predict air pollutant concentrations, which could explain more than 70 % of the variation in air pollutant concentration levels, after incorporating the nonlinear relationships between certain meteorological parameters and the concentrations of air pollutants. Evaluation of the GLM performance revealed that the GLM, even based only on meteorological parameters, could be satisfactory to estimate the contribution of meteorological conditions in reducing air pollution and, hence, the contribution of control strategies in reducing air pollution. Using the GLM, we found that the meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies contributed 30 and 28 % to the reduction of the PM2.5 concentration during APEC and 38 and 25 % during the Victory Parade, respectively, based on the assumption that the concentrations of air pollutants are only determined by meteorological conditions and emission intensities. We also estimated the contribution of meteorological conditions and control strategies in reducing the concentrations of gaseous pollutants and PM2.5 components with the GLMs, revealing the effective control of anthropogenic emissions.

Temporal trends and spatial variation characteristics of primary air pollutants emissions from coal-fired industrial boilers in Beijing, China.

PubMed

Xue, Yifeng; Tian, Hezhong; Yan, Jing; Zhou, Zhen; Wang, Junling; Nie, Lei; Pan, Tao; Zhou, Junrui; Hua, Shenbing; Wang, Yong; Wu, Xiaoqing

2016-06-01

Coal-fired combustion is recognized as a significant anthropogenic source of atmospheric compounds in Beijing, causing heavy air pollution events and associated deterioration in visibility. Obtaining an accurate understanding of the temporal trends and spatial variation characteristics of emissions from coal-fired industrial combustion is essential for predicting air quality changes and evaluating the effectiveness of current control measures. In this study, an integrated emission inventory of primary air pollutants emitted from coal-fired industrial boilers in Beijing is developed for the period of 2007-2013 using a technology-based approach. Future emission trends are projected through 2030 based on current energy-related and emission control policies. Our analysis shows that there is a general downward trend in primary air pollutants emissions because of the implementation of stricter local emission standards and the promotion by the Beijing municipal government of converting from coal-fired industrial boilers to gas-fired boilers. However, the ratio of coal consumed by industrial boilers to total coal consumption has been increasing, raising concerns about the further improvement of air quality in Beijing. Our estimates indicate that the total emissions of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO and VOCs from coal-fired industrial boilers in Beijing in 2013 are approximately 19,242 t, 13,345 t, 26,615 t, 22,965 t, 63,779 t and 1406 t, respectively. Under the current environmental policies and relevant energy savings and emission control plans, it may be possible to reduce NOx and other air pollutant emissions by 94% and 90% by 2030, respectively, if advanced flue gas purification technologies are implemented and coal is replaced with natural gas in the majority of existing boilers. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Teaching Applied Chemistry in a Pollution Control Context.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sell, Nancy J.

1982-01-01

Discusses rationale behind and content of a course (Industrial Pollution Control Techniques) combining knowledge from fields of industrial chemistry and chemical engineering and utilizing this knowledge in the context of understanding pollution problems and potential methods of pollution control. (Author/SK)

Association between Ambient Air Pollution and Diabetes Mellitus in Europe and North America: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PubMed Central

Eze, Ikenna C.; Hemkens, Lars G.; Bucher, Heiner C.; Hoffmann, Barbara; Schindler, Christian; Künzli, Nino; Schikowski, Tamara

2015-01-01

Background Air pollution is hypothesized to be a risk factor for diabetes. Epidemiological evidence is inconsistent and has not been systematically evaluated. Objectives We systematically reviewed epidemiological evidence on the association between air pollution and diabetes, and synthesized results of studies on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods We systematically searched electronic literature databases (last search, 29 April 2014) for studies reporting the association between air pollution (particle concentration or traffic exposure) and diabetes (type 1, type 2, or gestational). We systematically evaluated risk of bias and role of potential confounders in all studies. We synthesized reported associations with T2DM in meta-analyses using random-effects models and conducted various sensitivity analyses. Results We included 13 studies (8 on T2DM, 2 on type 1, 3 on gestational diabetes), all conducted in Europe or North America. Five studies were longitudinal, 5 cross-sectional, 2 case–control, and 1 ecologic. Risk of bias, air pollution assessment, and confounder control varied across studies. Dose–response effects were not reported. Meta-analyses of 3 studies on PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter) and 4 studies on NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) showed increased risk of T2DM by 8–10% per 10-μg/m3 increase in exposure [PM2.5: 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.18); NO2: 1.08 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.17)]. Associations were stronger in females. Sensitivity analyses showed similar results. Conclusion Existing evidence indicates a positive association of air pollution and T2DM risk, albeit there is high risk of bias. High-quality studies assessing dose–response effects are needed. Research should be expanded to developing countries where outdoor and indoor air pollution are high. Citation Eze IC, Hemkens LG, Bucher HC, Hoffmann B, Schindler C, Künzli N, Schilowski T, Probst-Hensch NM. 2015. Association between ambient air pollution and diabetes mellitus in Europe and North America: systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health Perspect 123:381–389; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307823 PMID:25625876

Air Pollution Control, Part I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strauss, Werner, Ed.

Authoritative reviews in seven areas of current importance in air pollution control are supplied in this volume, the first of a two-part set. Titles contained in this book are: "Dispersion of Pollutants Emitted into the Atmosphere,""The Formation and Control of Oxides of Nitrogen in Air Pollution,""The Control of Sulfur Emissions from Combustion…

26 CFR 1.169-1 - Amortization of pollution control facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Amortization of pollution control facilities. 1....169-1 Amortization of pollution control facilities. (a) Allowance of deduction—(1) In general. Under... amortization of the amortizable basis (as defined in § 1.169-3) of any certified pollution control facility (as...

40 CFR 424.10 - Applicability; description of the open electric furnaces with wet air pollution control devices...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... electric furnaces with wet air pollution control devices subcategory. 424.10 Section 424.10 Protection of... MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Open Electric Furnaces With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory § 424.10 Applicability; description of the open electric furnaces with wet air pollution control devices...

23 CFR 633.211 - Implementation of the Clean Air Act and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Water Pollution Control Act. 633.211 Section 633.211 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT... Pollution Control Act. Pursuant to regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency (40 CFR part 15) implementing requirements with respect to the Clean Air Act and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act are...

40 CFR 40.145-2 - Federal Water Pollution Control Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Federal Water Pollution Control Act. 40... FEDERAL ASSISTANCE RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION GRANTS § 40.145-2 Federal Water Pollution Control Act. (a... or control of acid or other mine water pollution; and (2) That the State shall provide legal and...

40 CFR 40.145-2 - Federal Water Pollution Control Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Federal Water Pollution Control Act. 40... FEDERAL ASSISTANCE RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION GRANTS § 40.145-2 Federal Water Pollution Control Act. (a... or control of acid or other mine water pollution; and (2) That the State shall provide legal and...

26 CFR 1.169-1 - Amortization of pollution control facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Amortization of pollution control facilities. 1....169-1 Amortization of pollution control facilities. (a) Allowance of deduction—(1) In general. Under... amortization of the amortizable basis (as defined in § 1.169-3) of any certified pollution control facility (as...

40 CFR 424.10 - Applicability; description of the open electric furnaces with wet air pollution control devices...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... electric furnaces with wet air pollution control devices subcategory. 424.10 Section 424.10 Protection of... MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Open Electric Furnaces With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory § 424.10 Applicability; description of the open electric furnaces with wet air pollution control devices...

23 CFR 633.211 - Implementation of the Clean Air Act and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Water Pollution Control Act. 633.211 Section 633.211 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT... Pollution Control Act. Pursuant to regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency (40 CFR part 15) implementing requirements with respect to the Clean Air Act and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act are...

14 CFR 1274.926 - Clean Air-Water Pollution Control Acts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Clean Air-Water Pollution Control Acts. 1274... AGREEMENTS WITH COMMERCIAL FIRMS Other Provisions and Special Conditions § 1274.926 Clean Air-Water Pollution Control Acts. Clean Air-Water Pollution Control Acts July 2002 If this cooperative agreement or supplement...

75 FR 3996 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-26

... the California State Implementation Plan, San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... limited disapproval of revisions to the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District (SJVAPCD or... Valley Air Pollution Control District; letter dated and received August 17, 2009. After the close of the...

75 FR 18061 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Texas; Control of Air Pollution...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-09

... Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Texas; Control of Air Pollution From Motor Vehicles AGENCY... Chapter 114, Control of Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles. These revisions consist of the new Rebate Grant... air pollution regulations and control strategies to ensure that air quality meets the National Ambient...

40 CFR 40.145-2 - Federal Water Pollution Control Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Federal Water Pollution Control Act. 40... FEDERAL ASSISTANCE RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION GRANTS § 40.145-2 Federal Water Pollution Control Act. (a... or control of acid or other mine water pollution; and (2) That the State shall provide legal and...

40 CFR 40.145-2 - Federal Water Pollution Control Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Federal Water Pollution Control Act. 40... FEDERAL ASSISTANCE RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION GRANTS § 40.145-2 Federal Water Pollution Control Act. (a... or control of acid or other mine water pollution; and (2) That the State shall provide legal and...

26 CFR 1.169-1 - Amortization of pollution control facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Amortization of pollution control facilities. 1....169-1 Amortization of pollution control facilities. (a) Allowance of deduction—(1) In general. Under... amortization of the amortizable basis (as defined in § 1.169-3) of any certified pollution control facility (as...

26 CFR 1.169-1 - Amortization of pollution control facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Amortization of pollution control facilities. 1....169-1 Amortization of pollution control facilities. (a) Allowance of deduction—(1) In general. Under... amortization of the amortizable basis (as defined in § 1.169-3) of any certified pollution control facility (as...

26 CFR 1.169-1 - Amortization of pollution control facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Amortization of pollution control facilities. 1....169-1 Amortization of pollution control facilities. (a) Allowance of deduction—(1) In general. Under... amortization of the amortizable basis (as defined in § 1.169-3) of any certified pollution control facility (as...

23 CFR 633.211 - Implementation of the Clean Air Act and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Water Pollution Control Act. 633.211 Section 633.211 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT... Pollution Control Act. Pursuant to regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency (40 CFR part 15) implementing requirements with respect to the Clean Air Act and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act are...

23 CFR 633.211 - Implementation of the Clean Air Act and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Water Pollution Control Act. 633.211 Section 633.211 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT... Pollution Control Act. Pursuant to regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency (40 CFR part 15) implementing requirements with respect to the Clean Air Act and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act are...

40 CFR 60.2141 - By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control device inspection?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection? 60.2141 Section 60.2141 Protection of Environment... Compliance Requirements § 60.2141 By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control device inspection? (a) The initial air pollution control device inspection must be conducted within 60 days after...

40 CFR 424.10 - Applicability; description of the open electric furnaces with wet air pollution control devices...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... electric furnaces with wet air pollution control devices subcategory. 424.10 Section 424.10 Protection of... MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Open Electric Furnaces With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory § 424.10 Applicability; description of the open electric furnaces with wet air pollution control devices...

40 CFR 424.10 - Applicability; description of the open electric furnaces with wet air pollution control devices...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... electric furnaces with wet air pollution control devices subcategory. 424.10 Section 424.10 Protection of... MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Open Electric Furnaces With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory § 424.10 Applicability; description of the open electric furnaces with wet air pollution control devices...

40 CFR 424.10 - Applicability; description of the open electric furnaces with wet air pollution control devices...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... electric furnaces with wet air pollution control devices subcategory. 424.10 Section 424.10 Protection of... MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Open Electric Furnaces With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory § 424.10 Applicability; description of the open electric furnaces with wet air pollution control devices...

40 CFR 60.2141 - By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control device inspection?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection? 60.2141 Section 60.2141 Protection of Environment... Compliance Requirements § 60.2141 By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control device inspection? (a) The initial air pollution control device inspection must be conducted within 60 days after...

Assessment of Water Quality in Asa River (Nigeria) and Its Indigenous Clarias gariepinus Fish

PubMed Central

Kolawole, Olatunji M.; Ajayi, Kolawole T.; Olayemi, Albert B.; Okoh, Anthony I.

2011-01-01

Water is a valued natural resource for the existence of all living organisms. Management of the quality of this precious resource is, therefore, of special importance. In this study river water samples were collected and analysed for physicochemical and bacteriological evaluation of pollution in the Unity Road stream segment of Asa River in Ilorin, Nigeria. Juvenile samples of Clarias gariepinus fish were also collected from the experimental Asa River and from the control Asa Dam water and were analysed for comparative histological investigations and bacterial density in the liver and intestine in order to evaluate the impact of pollution on the aquatic biota. The water pH was found to range from 6.32 to 6.43 with a mean temperature range of 24.3 to 25.8 °C. Other physicochemical parameters monitored including total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand values exceeded the recommended level for surface water quality. Results of bacteriological analyses including total heterotrophic count, total coliform and thermotolerant coliform counts revealed a high level of faecal pollution of the river. Histological investigations revealed no significant alterations in tissue structure, but a notable comparative distinction of higher bacterial density in the intestine and liver tissues of Clarias gariepinus from Asa River than in those collected from the control. It was inferred that the downstream Asa River is polluted and its aquatic biota is bacteriologically contaminated and unsafe for human and animal consumption. PMID:22163210

In situ reactive zone with modified Mg(OH)2 for remediation of heavy metal polluted groundwater: Immobilization and interaction of Cr(III), Pb(II) and Cd(II).

PubMed

Dong, Jun; Li, Bowen; Bao, Qiburi

2017-04-01

Mg(OH) 2 dissolves slowly and can provide a long-term source of alkalinity, thus a promising alternative reagent for the in situ remediation of heavy metal polluted groundwater. However, the application of Mg(OH) 2 on in situ reactive zone (IRZ) for heavy metal polluted groundwater has never been investigated. In this study, the behaviors of heavy metals in a Mg(OH) 2 IRZ were monitored for 45d. The heavy metals show a sequential precipitation by modified Mg(OH) 2 due to the difference of K sp . Column tests were conducted to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of heavy metals in Mg(OH) 2 IRZ and evaluate the stabilization effect for multi-heavy metal polluted groundwater. Experimental results indicate that there exist interactions between different heavy metals, and their zoning distribution is attributed either to the competitive adsorption onto porous media (control column) or to the sequential precipitation of heavy metal ions (IRZ column). In contrast with the control column, heavy metal contaminated area in Mg(OH) 2 IRZ significantly shrinks. According to the chemical speciation analysis, when water containing Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) flows through Mg(OH) 2 IRZ, exchangeable fraction of total concentration significantly reduce and the proportion of carbonate and Fe/Mn oxides fraction increase, indicating the decrease of their mobility and toxicity. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In situ reactive zone with modified Mg(OH)2 for remediation of heavy metal polluted groundwater: Immobilization and interaction of Cr(III), Pb(II) and Cd(II)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dong, Jun; Li, Bowen; Bao, Qiburi

2017-04-01

Mg(OH)2 dissolves slowly and can provide a long-term source of alkalinity, thus a promising alternative reagent for the in situ remediation of heavy metal polluted groundwater. However, the application of Mg(OH)2 on in situ reactive zone (IRZ) for heavy metal polluted groundwater has never been investigated. In this study, the behaviors of heavy metals in a Mg(OH)2 IRZ were monitored for 45 d. The heavy metals show a sequential precipitation by modified Mg(OH)2 due to the difference of Ksp. Column tests were conducted to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of heavy metals in Mg(OH)2 IRZ and evaluate the stabilization effect for multi-heavy metal polluted groundwater. Experimental results indicate that there exist interactions between different heavy metals, and their zoning distribution is attributed either to the competitive adsorption onto porous media (control column) or to the sequential precipitation of heavy metal ions (IRZ column). In contrast with the control column, heavy metal contaminated area in Mg(OH)2 IRZ significantly shrinks. According to the chemical speciation analysis, when water containing Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) flows through Mg(OH)2 IRZ, exchangeable fraction of total concentration significantly reduce and the proportion of carbonate and Fe/Mn oxides fraction increase, indicating the decrease of their mobility and toxicity.

Houston’s Novel Strategy to Control Hazardous Air Pollutants: A Case Study in Policy Innovation and Political Stalemate

PubMed Central

Sexton, Ken; Linder, Stephen H

2015-01-01

Although ambient concentrations have declined steadily over the past 30 years, Houston has recorded some of the highest levels of hazardous air pollutants in the United States. Nevertheless, federal and state regulatory efforts historically have emphasized compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone, treating “air toxics” in Houston as a residual problem to be solved through application of technology-based standards. Between 2004 and 2009, Mayor Bill White and his administration challenged the well-established hierarchy of air quality management spelled out in the Clean Air Act, whereby federal and state authorities are assigned primacy over local municipalities for the purpose of designing and implementing air pollution control strategies. The White Administration believed that existing regulations were not sufficient to protect the health of Houstonians and took a diversity of both collaborative and combative policy actions to mitigate air toxic emissions from stationary sources. Opposition was substantial from a local coalition of entrenched interests satisfied with the status quo, which hindered the city’s attempts to take unilateral policy actions. In the short term, the White Administration successfully raised the profile of the air toxics issue, pushed federal and state regulators to pay more attention, and induced a few polluting facilities to reduce emissions. But since White left office in 2010, air quality management in Houston has returned to the way it was before, and today there is scant evidence that his policies have had any lasting impact. PMID:25698880

Periodic solution for a stochastic non-autonomous competitive Lotka-Volterra model in a polluted environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Daqing; Zhang, Qiumei; Hayat, Tasawar; Alsaedi, Ahmed

2017-04-01

In this paper, we consider a stochastic non-autonomous competitive Lotka-Volterra model in a polluted environment. We derive sufficient criteria for the existence and global attractivity of the boundary periodic solutions. Furthermore, we obtain conditions for the existence and global attractivity of a nontrivial positive periodic solution. Finally we make simulations to illustrate our analytical results.

Effects of acid mine drainage on the stream ecosystem of the east fork of the Obey River, Tennessee

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nichols, L.E.; Bulow, F.L.

1973-01-01

The stream ecosystem of the east fork of the Obey River, Tennessee was studied from January through December 1970. Emphasis centered on water quality, macroinvertebrates, fish and aquatic flora affected by acid mine drainage. Two control stations were established within the study area, one located below the zone of pollution. A reservoir station was established to detect any neutralization occurring within Dale Hollow Reservoir below the confluence of the east fork and west fork. An area approximately 40 miles in length was found to be severely degraded by acid mine drainage. Limited macroinvertebrate populations existed within this region. Chironomus andmore » Sialis were the predominate benthic indicator organisms present in the polluted zone. Euglena mutabilis was the most abundant representative organism of the aquatic flora. This organism was found to be characteristic of acid mine pollution. Fish were recovered above and below, but not within, the zone of pollution. Fish recovered were characteristic of the type of habitat in which they were collected, being either typical stream or reservoir fish. A fish kill occurred in the east fork embayment of Dale Hollow on August 15, 1970 from acid mine drainage discharged upstream.« less

Simulation of photochemical pollutants in summer 2013 in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, H.; Guo, H.; Hu, J.

2016-12-01

Rapid economic growth and associated emissions increase in China have led to severe air pollution in recent decades. Photochemical pollutants are secondary formed pollutants in the atmosphere with the existence of sunlight. Ozone (O3) is adverse to human health and ecosystems and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a major component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) that affects human health, visibility, and climate. In this work, the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was used to investigate the formation of O3 and SOA in three episodes from June to August 2013. Compared with observation data, O3 performance meets the EPA criteria of mean normalized bias (MNB) within ± 0.15 in major parts of China including five megacities. The diurnal variation of O3 had similar trend with the temperature. The August episode has the highest O3 concentrations of 100 ppb in North China Plain while the July episode has the lowest concentrations of 50 ppb. SOA concentrations were up to 35-40 μgm-3 at different cities in different episodes. Biogenic SOA was the majority with the contributions from glyoxal (GLY), methylglyoxal (MGLY), isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) and oligomers (OLGM) of 70%. Isopleth found that NOx controls O3 concentration in most areas of China. Reducing VOC would have minor effects on O3 concentrations while reducing NOx could largely reduce O3 concentration except for urban areas such as Shanghai and Guangzhou. On the contrary, SOA was controlled by VOCs in cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Xi'an. This study provides valuable information for designing effective control strategies for O3 and particulate matter in China.

Numerical modelling of vehicular pollution dispersion: The application of computational fluid dynamics techniques, a case study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vanderheyden, M.D.; Dajka, S.C.; Sinclair, R.

1997-12-31

Numerical modelling of vehicular emissions using the United States Environmental Protection Agency`s CALINE4 and CAL3QHC dispersion models to predict air quality impacts in the vicinity of roadways is a widely accepted means of evaluating vehicular emissions impacts. The numerical models account for atmospheric dispersion in both open or suburban terrains. When assessing roadways in urban areas with numerous large buildings, however, the models are unable to account for the complex airflows and therefore do not provide satisfactory estimates of pollutant concentrations. Either Wind Tunnel Modelling or Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques can be used to assess the impact of vehiclemore » emissions in an urban core. This paper presents a case study where CFD is used to predict worst-case air quality impacts for two development configurations: an existing roadway configuration and a proposed configuration with an elevated pedestrian walkway. In assessing these configurations, worst-case meteorology and traffic conditions are modeled to allow for the prediction of pollutant concentrations due to vehicular emissions on two major streets in Hong Kong. The CFD modelling domain is divided up into thousands of control volumes. Each of these control volumes has a central point called a node where velocities, pollutant concentration and other auxiliary variables are calculated. The region of interest, the pedestrian link and its immediate surroundings, has a denser distribution of nodes in order to give a better resolution of local flow details. Separate CFD modelling runs were undertaken for each development configuration for wind direction increments of 15 degrees. For comparison of the development scenarios, pollutant concentrations (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter) are predicted at up to 99 receptor nodes representing sensitive locations.« less

Conversion of an 800 MW oil fired generating unit to burn Orimulsion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Blum, J.; Halpin, M.; Morgan, D.

1998-07-01

Florida Power and Light Company (FPL) is proposing to convert the two existing 800 megawatt (MW) residual oil fired generating units at its Manatee Plant located in Parrish, Florida, to burn Ormulsion. Ormulsion is the registered trademark name for a mixture of water and a naturally occurring heavy hydrocarbon known as bitumen. Orimulsion, which originates in Venezuela, will be shipped to Port Manatee in double-hulled vessels, stored at FPL's existing Port Manatee Terminal, and transported via FPL's existing fuel pipeline to the Manatee Plant. The proposed conversion involves modifications of the existing fuel handling facilities, enhancements of the boiler heatmore » transfer surfaces and soot blowing system, and addition of new pollution control equipment. The Manatee Orimulsion conversion will result in overall environmental benefits and significant savings to FPL's customers. This paper summarizes the overall objectives of the project and briefly describes these modifications.« less

Conversion of an 800 MW oil fired generating unit to burn Orimulsion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Blum, J.; Halpin, M.; Morgan, D.

1998-04-01

Florida Power & Light Company (FPL) is proposing to convert the two existing 800 megawatt (MW) residual oil fired generating units at its Manatee Plant located in Parrish, Florida, to burn Orimulsion. Orimulsion is the registered trademark name for a mixture of water and a naturally occurring heavy hydrocarbon known as bitumen. Orimulsion, which originates in Venezuela, will be shipped to Port Manatee in double-hulled vessels, stored at FPL`s existing Port Manatee Terminal, and transported via FPL`s existing fuel pipeline to the Manatee Plant. The proposed conversion involves modifications of the existing fuel handling facilities, enhancements of the boiler heatmore » transfer surfaces and soot blowing system, and addition of new pollution control equipment. The Manatee Orimulsion conversion will result in overall environmental benefits and significant savings to FPL`s customers. This paper summarizes the overall objectives of the project and briefly describes these modifications.« less

Determinants of pollution: what do we really know?

PubMed

Gassebner, Martin; Lamla, Michael J; Sturm, Jan-Egbert

2011-01-01

The recent literature proposes many variables as significant determinants of pollution. This paper gives an overview of this literature and asks which of these factors have an empirically robust impact on water and air pollution. We apply Extreme Bound Analysis (EBA) on a panel of up to 120 countries covering the period 1960–2001. We find supportive evidence of the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve for water pollution. Furthermore, mainly variables capturing the economic structure of a country affect air and water pollution.

Smart City Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Design Based on Internet of Things

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peng, He; Bohong, Zheng; Qinpei, Kuang

2017-11-01

Due to increasingly serious urban pollution, this paper proposes an environmental pollution prevention and control system in combination with Internet of things. The system transfers data through the Internet, which also utilizes sensor, pH sensor and smoke sensor to obtain environmental data. Besides, combined with the video data acquired through monitoring, the data are transferred to data center to analyze the haze pollution, water pollution and fire disaster in environment. According to the results, multi-purpose vehicles are mobilized to complete the tasks such as spraying water to relieve haze, water source purification and fire fighting in city environment. Experiments show that the environmental pollution prevention and control system designed in this paper can automatically complete the urban environmental pollution detection, prevention and control, which thus reduces human and material resources and improves the efficiency of pollution prevention and control. Therefore, it possesses greatly practical significance to the construction of smart city.

Part 1. Statistical Learning Methods for the Effects of Multiple Air Pollution Constituents.

PubMed

Coull, Brent A; Bobb, Jennifer F; Wellenius, Gregory A; Kioumourtzoglou, Marianthi-Anna; Mittleman, Murray A; Koutrakis, Petros; Godleski, John J

2015-06-01

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA*) currently regulates individual air pollutants on a pollutant-by-pollutant basis, adjusted for other pollutants and potential confounders. However, the National Academies of Science concluded that a multipollutant regulatory approach that takes into account the joint effects of multiple constituents is likely to be more protective of human health. Unfortunately, the large majority of existing research had focused on health effects of air pollution for one pollutant or for one pollutant with control for the independent effects of a small number of copollutants. Limitations in existing statistical methods are at least partially responsible for this lack of information on joint effects. The goal of this project was to fill this gap by developing flexible statistical methods to estimate the joint effects of multiple pollutants, while allowing for potential nonlinear or nonadditive associations between a given pollutant and the health outcome of interest. We proposed Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) methods as a way to simultaneously achieve the multifaceted goals of variable selection, flexible estimation of the exposure-response relationship, and inference on the strength of the association between individual pollutants and health outcomes in a health effects analysis of mixtures. We first developed a BKMR variable-selection approach, which we call component-wise variable selection, to make estimating such a potentially complex exposure-response function possible by effectively using two types of penalization (or regularization) of the multivariate exposure-response surface. Next we developed an extension of this first variable-selection approach that incorporates knowledge about how pollutants might group together, such as multiple constituents of particulate matter that might represent a common pollution source category. This second grouped, or hierarchical, variable-selection procedure is applicable when groups of highly correlated pollutants are being studied. To investigate the properties of the proposed methods, we conducted three simulation studies designed to evaluate the ability of BKMR to estimate environmental mixtures responsible for health effects under potentially complex but plausible exposure-response relationships. An attractive feature of our simulation studies is that we used actual exposure data rather than simulated values. This real-data simulation approach allowed us to evaluate the performance of BKMR and several other models under realistic joint distributions of multipollutant exposure. The simulation studies compared the two proposed variable-selection approaches (component-wise and hierarchical variable selection) with each other and with existing frequentist treatments of kernel machine regression (KMR). After the simulation studies, we applied the newly developed methods to an epidemiologic data set and to a toxicologic data set. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed methods to human epidemiologic data, we estimated associations between short-term exposures to fine particulate matter constituents and blood pressure in the Maintenance of Balance, Independent Living, Intellect, and Zest in the Elderly (MOBILIZE) Boston study, a prospective cohort study of elderly subjects. To illustrate the applicability of these methods to animal toxicologic studies, we analyzed data on the associations between both blood pressure and heart rate in canines exposed to a composition of concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) in a study conducted at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health (the Harvard Chan School; formerly Harvard School of Public Health; Bartoli et al. 2009). We successfully developed the theory and computational tools required to apply the proposed methods to the motivating data sets. Collectively, the three simulation studies showed that component-wise variable selection can identify important pollutants within a mixture as long as the correlations among pollutant concentrations are low to moderate. The hierarchical variable-selection method was more effective in high-dimension, high-correlation settings. Variable selection in existing frequentist KMR models can incur inflated type I error rates, particularly when pollutants are highly correlated. The analyses of the MOBILIZE data yielded evidence of a linear and additive association of black carbon (BC) or Cu exposure with standing diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and a linear association of S exposure with standing systolic blood pressure (SBP). Cu is thought to be a marker of urban road dust associated with traffic; and S is a marker of power plant emissions or regional long-range transported air pollution or both. Therefore, these analyses of the MOBILIZE data set suggest that emissions from these three source categories were most strongly associated with hemodynamic responses in this cohort. In contrast, in the Harvard Chan School canine study, after controlling for an overall effect of CAPs exposure, we did not observe any associations between DBP or SBP and any elemental concentrations. Instead, we observed strong evidence of an association between Mn concentrations and heart rate in that heart rate increased linearly with increasing concentrations of Mn. According to the positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment analyses of the multipollutant data set from the Harvard Chan School Boston Supersite, Mn loads on the two factors that represent the mobile and road dust source categories. The results of the BKMR analyses in both the MOBILIZE and canine studies were similar to those from existing linear mixed model analyses of the same multipollutant data because the effects have linear and additive forms that could also have been detected using standard methods. This work provides several contributions to the KMR literature. First, to our knowledge this is the first time KMR methods have been used to estimate the health effects of multipollutant mixtures. Second, we developed a novel hierarchical variable-selection approach within BKMR that is able to account for the structure of the mixture and systematically handle highly correlated exposures. The analyses of the epidemiologic and toxicologic data on associations between fine particulate matter constituents and blood pressure or heart rate demonstrated associations with constituents that are typically associated with traffic emissions, power plants, and long-range transported pollutants. The simulation studies showed that the BKMR methods proposed here work well for small to moderate data sets; more work is needed to develop computationally fast methods for large data sets. This will be a goal of future work.

77 FR 72851 - California State Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; Portable Equipment Registration...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-06

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9758-1] California State Nonroad Engine Pollution Control... throughout California without obtaining permits from local air pollution control districts. DATES: Petitions... faced the need to obtain preconstruction and operating permits from different local air pollution...

75 FR 37727 - Disapproval of California State Implementation Plan Revisions, Monterey Bay Unified Air Pollution...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-30

... California State Implementation Plan Revisions, Monterey Bay Unified Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... to the Monterey Bay Unified Air Pollution Control District (MBUAPCD) portion of the California State... Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations...

40 CFR 60.5215 - By what date must I conduct annual air pollution control device inspections and make any...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... pollution control device inspections and make any necessary repairs? 60.5215 Section 60.5215 Protection of... air pollution control device inspections and make any necessary repairs? (a) You must conduct an annual inspection of each air pollution control device used to comply with the emission limits, according...

40 CFR 60.2716 - By what date must I conduct the annual air pollution control device inspection?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection? 60.2716 Section 60.2716 Protection of Environment... Requirements § 60.2716 By what date must I conduct the annual air pollution control device inspection? On an annual basis (no more than 12 months following the previous annual air pollution control device...

40 CFR 60.2706 - By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control device inspection?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection? 60.2706 Section 60.2706 Protection of Environment... Requirements § 60.2706 By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control device inspection? (a) The initial air pollution control device inspection must be conducted within 60 days after installation of the...

40 CFR 62.14441 - When must I inspect my HMIWI equipment and air pollution control devices?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... and air pollution control devices? 62.14441 Section 62.14441 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... my HMIWI equipment and air pollution control devices? (a) You must inspect your large, medium, small... inspect the air pollution control devices on your large, medium, small or small rural HMIWI by May 13...

40 CFR 62.14441 - When must I inspect my HMIWI equipment and air pollution control devices?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... and air pollution control devices? 62.14441 Section 62.14441 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... my HMIWI equipment and air pollution control devices? (a) You must inspect your large, medium, small... inspect the air pollution control devices on your large, medium, small or small rural HMIWI by May 13...

40 CFR 60.5195 - By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control device inspection and make any...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection and make any necessary repairs? 60.5195 Section 60.5195... air pollution control device inspection and make any necessary repairs? (a) You must conduct an air... approved state plan, Federal plan, or delegation, as applicable. For air pollution control devices...

40 CFR 60.2151 - By what date must I conduct the annual air pollution control device inspection?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection? 60.2151 Section 60.2151 Protection of Environment... Compliance Requirements § 60.2151 By what date must I conduct the annual air pollution control device inspection? On an annual basis (no more than 12 months following the previous annual air pollution control...

40 CFR 60.2151 - By what date must I conduct the annual air pollution control device inspection?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection? 60.2151 Section 60.2151 Protection of Environment... Compliance Requirements § 60.2151 By what date must I conduct the annual air pollution control device inspection? On an annual basis (no more than 12 months following the previous annual air pollution control...

40 CFR 60.5195 - By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control device inspection and make any...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection and make any necessary repairs? 60.5195 Section 60.5195... air pollution control device inspection and make any necessary repairs? (a) You must conduct an air... approved state plan, Federal plan, or delegation, as applicable. For air pollution control devices...

40 CFR 60.5195 - By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control device inspection and make any...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... air pollution control device inspection and make any necessary repairs? 60.5195 Section 60.5195... air pollution control device inspection and make any necessary repairs? (a) You must conduct an air... approved state plan, Federal plan, or delegation, as applicable. For air pollution control devices...