Support for life-cycle product reuse in NASA's SSE

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shotton, Charles

1989-01-01

The Software Support Environment (SSE) is a software factory for the production of Space Station Freedom Program operational software. The SSE is to be centrally developed and maintained and used to configure software production facilities in the field. The PRC product TTCQF provides for an automated qualification process and analysis of existing code that can be used for software reuse. The interrogation subsystem permits user queries of the reusable data and components which have been identified by an analyzer and qualified with associated metrics. The concept includes reuse of non-code life-cycle components such as requirements and designs. Possible types of reusable life-cycle components include templates, generics, and as-is items. Qualification of reusable elements requires analysis (separation of candidate components into primitives), qualification (evaluation of primitives for reusability according to reusability criteria) and loading (placing qualified elements into appropriate libraries). There can be different qualifications for different installations, methodologies, applications and components. Identifying reusable software and related components is labor-intensive and is best carried out as an integrated function of an SSE.

Effect of square stepping exercise for older adults to prevent fall and injury related to fall: systematic review and meta-analysis of current evidences.

PubMed

Fisseha, Berihu; Janakiraman, Balamurugan; Yitayeh, Asmare; Ravichandran, Hariharasudhan

2017-02-01

Falls and fall related injuries become an emerging health problem among older adults. As a result a review of the recent evidences is needed to design a prevention strategy. The aim of this review was to determine the effect of square stepping exercise (SSE) for fall down injury among older adults compared with walking training or other exercises. An electronic database search for relevant randomized control trials published in English from 2005 to 2016 was conducted. Articles with outcome measures of functional reach, perceived health status, fear of fall were included. Quality of the included articles was rated using Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and the pooled effect of SSE was obtained by Review Manager (RevMan5) software. Significant effect of SSE was detected over walking or no treatment to improve balance as well to prevent fear of fall and improve perceived health status. The results of this systematic review proposed that SSE significantly better than walking or no treatment to prevent fall, prevent fear of fall and improve perceived health status.

Protecting Cryptographic Keys and Functions from Malware Attacks

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

registers. modifies RSA private key signing in OpenSSL to use the technique. The resulting system has the following features: 1. No special hardware is...the above method based on OpenSSL , by exploiting the Streaming SIMD Extension (SSE) XMM registers of modern Intel and AMD x86-compatible CPU’s [22...one can store a 2048-bit exponent.1 Our prototype is based on OpenSSL 0.9.8e, the Ubuntu 6.06 Linux distribution with a 2.6.15 kernel, and SSE2 which

Tool and data interoperability in the SSE system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shotton, Chuck

1988-01-01

Information is given in viewgraph form on tool and data interoperability in the Software Support Environment (SSE). Information is given on industry problems, SSE system interoperability issues, SSE solutions to tool and data interoperability, and attainment of heterogeneous tool/data interoperability.

Suppression of Chemotaxis by SSeCKS via Scaffolding of Phosphoinositol Phosphates and the Recruitment of the Cdc42 GEF, Frabin, to the Leading Edge

PubMed Central

Ko, Hyun-Kyung; Guo, Li-wu; Su, Bing; Gao, Lingqiu; Gelman, Irwin H.

2014-01-01

Chemotaxis is controlled by interactions between receptors, Rho-family GTPases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases, and cytoskeleton remodeling proteins. We investigated how the metastasis suppressor, SSeCKS, attenuates chemotaxis. Chemotaxis activity inversely correlated with SSeCKS levels in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF), DU145 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. SSeCKS loss induced chemotactic velocity and linear directionality, correlating with replacement of leading edge lamellipodia with fascin-enriched filopodia-like extensions, the formation of thickened longitudinal F-actin stress fibers reaching to filopodial tips, relative enrichments at the leading edge of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)P3 (PIP3), Akt, PKC-ζ, Cdc42-GTP and active Src (SrcpoY416), and a loss of Rac1. Leading edge lamellipodia and chemotaxis inhibition in SSeCKS-null MEF could be restored by full-length SSeCKS or SSeCKS deleted of its Src-binding domain (ΔSrc), but not by SSeCKS deleted of its three MARCKS (myristylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate) polybasic domains (ΔPBD), which bind PIP2 and PIP3. The enrichment of activated Cdc42 in SSeCKS-null leading edge filopodia correlated with recruitment of the Cdc42-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Frabin, likely recruited via multiple PIP2/3-binding domains. Frabin knockdown in SSeCKS-null MEF restores leading edge lamellipodia and chemotaxis inhibition. However, SSeCKS failed to co-immunoprecipitate with Rac1, Cdc42 or Frabin. Consistent with the notion that chemotaxis is controlled by SSeCKS-PIP (vs. -Src) scaffolding activity, constitutively-active phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase could override the ability of the Src inhibitor, SKI-606, to suppress chemotaxis and filopodial enrichment of Frabin in SSeCKS-null MEF. Our data suggest a role for SSeCKS in controlling Rac1 vs. Cdc42-induced cellular dynamics at the leading chemotactic edge through the scaffolding of phospholipids and signal mediators, and through the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton controlling directional movement. PMID:25356636

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Saunders, P.

The majority of general-purpose low-temperature handheld radiation thermometers are severely affected by the size-of-source effect (SSE). Calibration of these instruments is pointless unless the SSE is accounted for in the calibration process. Traditional SSE measurement techniques, however, are costly and time consuming, and because the instruments are direct-reading in temperature, traditional SSE results are not easily interpretable, particularly by the general user. This paper describes a simplified method for measuring the SSE, suitable for second-tier calibration laboratories and requiring no additional equipment, and proposes a means of reporting SSE results on a calibration certificate that should be easily understood bymore » the non-specialist user.« less

SSE-GIS v1.03 Web Mapping Application Now Available

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-03-16

SSE-GIS v1.03 Web Mapping Application Now Available Wednesday, July 6, 2016 ... you haven’t already noticed the link to the new SSE-GIS web application on the SSE homepage entitled “GIS Web Mapping Applications and Services”, we invite you to visit the site. ...

Beliefs about the effects of social sharing of emotion in alexithymia.

PubMed

Martínez Sánchez, Francisco; Blanco Larrieux, María Luisa; Páez Rovira, Darío; Costa Ball, Daniel

2013-01-01

Emotional events are followed by recurrent talking about the event (Social Sharing of Emotion, SSE). Several factors that can account for variations in beliefs about SSE were examined: alexithymia, age and sex among two sample groups, Spanish (n = 388) and Uruguayan (n = 537). Both samples completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Beliefs about Social Sharing of Emotion Questionnaire (BSEQ). Results indicated that alexithymia was negatively related to beliefs about SSE. Low alexithymia was associated with higher agreement with positive intrapersonal effects of SSE and disagreement with benefits of non-expression or inhibition, and beliefs in positive interpersonal effect of social sharing were unrelated to alexithymia. Cultural and gender differences were found regarding beliefs about SSE. Regression analyses suggest that alexithymia significantly predicted beliefs about SSE. The pattern of results suggests that more collectivist and traditional cultures, such as the Uruguayan, attach less value to SSE. Results and implications are discussed.

Systematic detection of long-term slow slip events along Hyuga-nada to central Shikoku, Nankai subduction zone, using GNSS data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takagi, R.; Obara, K.; Uchida, N.

2017-12-01

Understanding slow earthquake activity improves our knowledge of slip behavior in brittle-ductile transition zone and subduction process including megathrust earthquakes. In order to understand overall picture of slow slip activity, it is important to make a comprehensive catalog of slow slip events (SSEs). Although short-term SSEs have been detected by GNSS and tilt meter records systematically, analysis of long-term slow slip events relies on individual slip inversions. We develop an algorism to systematically detect long-term SSEs and estimate source parameters of the SSEs using GNSS data. The algorism is similar to GRiD-MT (Tsuruoka et al., 2009), which is grid-based automatic determination of moment tensor solution. Instead of moment tensor fitting to long period seismic records, we estimate parameters of a single rectangle fault to fit GNSS displacement time series. First, we make a two dimensional grid covering possible location of SSE. Second, we estimate best-fit parameters (length, width, slip, and rake) of the rectangle fault at each grid point by an iterative damped least square method. Depth, strike, and dip are fixed on the plate boundary. Ramp function with duration of 300 days is used for expressing time evolution of the fault slip. Third, a grid maximizing variance reduction is selected as a candidate of long-term SSE. We also search onset of ramp function based on the grid search. We applied the method to GNSS data in southwest Japan to detect long-term SSEs in Nankai subduction zone. With current selection criteria, we found 13 events with Mw6.2-6.9 in Hyuga-nada, Bungo channel, and central Shikoku from 1998 to 2015, which include unreported events. Key finding is along strike migrations of long-term SSEs from Hyuga-nada to Bungo channel and from Bungo channel to central Shikoku. In particular, three successive events migrating northward in Hyuga-nada preceded the 2003 Bungo channel SSE, and one event in central Shikoku followed the 2003 SSE in Bungo channel. The space-time dimensions of the possible along-strike migration are about 300km in length and 6 years in time. Systematic detection with assumptions of various durations in the time evolution of SSE may improve the picture of SSE activity and possible interaction with neighboring SSEs.

Gender differences in prevalence and correlates of high sexual self-efficacy among adolescents in Soweto, South Africa: implications for gender-sensitive research and programming.

PubMed

Closson, Kalysha; Dietrich, Janan; Lachowsky, Nathan J; Nkala, Busi; Cui, Zishan; Chia, Jason; Hogg, Robert S; Gray, Glenda; Kaida, Angela; Miller, Cari L

2018-04-01

Sexual self-efficacy (SSE) - one's confidence in their ability to perform given sexual behaviours, has been shown to predict adolescents' HIV-prevention practices (e.g., Condom use). Few studies within sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV incidence and prevalence disproportionately affects young women, have examined gendered differences in SSE. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify correlates of high-SSE separately among adolescent men and women (aged 14-19) in Soweto, South Africa using a previously validated SSE scale (high-SSE [>3/6 items]; study-alpha = 0.75). SSE scale items assessed self-efficacy related to sexual refusal and condom use. Adolescent women were significantly more likely to report high-SSE than adolescent men (72.3% versus 49.5%; p < 0.01). High-SSE among adolescent men was associated with more positive beliefs about sexual relationships and negatively associated with probable depression. High-SSE among adolescent women was associated with increased HIV knowledge, more positive beliefs about condom use and sexual relationships, having an adult in the home, and negatively associated with being an older adolescent (16-17 versus ≤15), and ever experiencing physical violence. Differences in prevalence and correlates of SSE among adolescent men and women in South Africa highlight important areas for gender-sensitive interventions. Targeted efforts to reduce negative sexual beliefs, improve HIV knowledge and mental well-being may improve SSE and thus the uptake of HIV-prevention practices among adolescent men. For adolescent women, findings indicate programming should move beyond individual-levels determinants of behaviour to focus on improving enabling environments (e.g., Reduced violence and improved family relationships) in which sexual agency can be enacted.

Samsoeum, a traditional herbal medicine, elicits apoptotic and autophagic cell death by inhibiting Akt/mTOR and activating the JNK pathway in cancer cells

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Samsoeum (SSE), a traditional herbal formula, has been widely used to treat cough, fever, congestion, and emesis for centuries. Recent studies have demonstrated that SSE retains potent pharmacological efficiency in anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory reactions. However, the anti-cancer activity of SSE and its underlying mechanisms have not been studied. Thus, the present study was designed to determine the effect of SSE on cell death and elucidate its detailed mechanism. Methods Following SSE treatment, cell growth and cell death were measured using an MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion assay, respectively. Cell cycle arrest and YO-PRO-1 uptake were assayed using flow cytometry, and LC3 redistribution was observed using confocal microscope. The mechanisms of anti-cancer effect of SSE were investigated through western blot analysis. Results We initially found that SSE caused dose- and time-dependent cell death in cancer cells but not in normal primary hepatocytes. In addition, during early SSE treatment (6–12 h), cells were arrested in G2/M phase concomitant with up-regulation of p21 and p27 and down-regulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin B1, followed by an increase in apoptotic YO-PRO-1 (+) cells. SSE also induced autophagy via up-regulation of Beclin-1 expression, conversion of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) I to LC3-II, and re-distribution of LC3, indicating autophagosome formation. Moreover, the level of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), which is critical for cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy, was significantly reduced in SSE-treated cells. Phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was increased, followed by suppression of the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) pathway, and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in response to SSE treatment. In particular, among MAPKs inhibitors, only the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-specific inhibitor SP600125 nearly blocked SSE-induced increases in Beclin-1, LC3-II, and Bax expression and decreases in Bcl-2 expression, indicating that JNK activation plays critical role in cell death caused by SSE. Conclusions These findings suggest that SSE efficiently induces cancer cell death via apoptosis as well as autophagy through modification of the Akt/mTOR and JNK signaling pathways. SSE may be as a potent traditional herbal medicine for treating malignancies. PMID:24053190

Brainstem structures are primarily affected in an experimental model of severe scorpion envenomation.

PubMed

Guidine, Patrícia Alves Maia; Cash, Diana; Drumond, Luciana Estefani; de Souza E Rezende, Gustavo Henrique; Massensini, André Ricardo; Williams, Steve Charles Rees; Moraes-Santos, Tasso; Moraes, Márcio Flávio Dutra; Mesquita, Michel Bernanos Soares

2014-01-01

Severe scorpion envenoming (SSE) is more frequent in children and is characterized by systemic dysfunctions with a mortality rate of up to 9%. Recent evidence shows that the central nervous system (CNS) plays a key role in triggering the cascade of symptoms present in SSE. The age-dependent role of the CNS in SSE lethality may be summarized in 3 hypotheses: (1) the shown increased blood brain barrier permeability of infants to the toxins would especially and primarily compromise neurovegetative control areas, (2) the neurons within these areas have high affinity to the toxins, and (3) the neurovascular interaction is such that SSE metabolically compromises proper function of toxin-targeted areas. A pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging paradigm was used to evaluate localized hemodynamic changes in relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) for 30 min after the injection of TsTX, the most lethal toxin from the venom of the Tityus serrulatus scorpion. The brainstem showed significant rCBV reduction 1 min after TsTX administration, whereas rostral brain areas had delayed increase in rCBV (confirmed by laser Doppler measurements of cortical cerebral blood flow). Moreover, metabolic activity by 14C-2-deoxyglucose autoradiography showed the highest relative increase at the brainstem. To test whether TsTX has high affinity to brainstem neurons, the lateral ventricle was injected with Alexa Fluor 568 TsTX. Although some neurons showed intense fluorescence, the labeling pattern suggests that specific neurons were targeted. Altogether, these results suggest that brainstem areas involved in neurovegetative control are most likely within the primary structures triggering the cascade of symptoms present in SSE.

Development and characterisation of chitosan or alginate-coated low density polyethylene films containing Satureja hortensis extract.

PubMed

Rahmani, Bahareh; Hosseini, Hedayat; Khani, Mohammadreza; Farhoodi, Mehdi; Honarvar, Zohreh; Feizollahi, Ehsan; Shokri, Babak; Shojaee-Aliabadi, Saeedeh

2017-12-01

This study aimed to develop novel bilayer films based on alginate, chitosan and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) containing different concentrations of summer savory extract (SSE). The cold atmospheric plasma system was used to increase the surface energy of LDPE. Initially, water contact angle, surface roughness and the functional group of LDPE before and after plasma treatment were investigated. Then physical, mechanical, optical, antioxidant and microstructure properties of plasma-treated and untreated bilayer films and antioxidant films incorporated with SSE were characterized. Results showed that plasma treatment increased oxygen-containing the polar group, surface roughness and decreased water contact angle of LDPE surface (from 90.47° to 48.73°) and in result enhanced adhesion between polysaccharide coating and LDPE. Tensile strength of both alginate and chitosan coated-LDPE increased from 10.096 to 14.372 and 11.513 to 13.459MPa, respectively after plasma pretreatment. However chitosan-based films had lower water solubility. Although, incorporation of SSE into chitosan and alginate coated-LDPE despite slight adverse effects on the physical and mechanical properties of films, it provided antioxidant activity. Chitosan coated-LDPE containing SSE had potential to use as antioxidant food packaging. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Development and preliminary validation of the physician support of skin self-examination scale.

PubMed

Coroiu, Adina; Moran, Chelsea; Garland, Rosalind; Körner, Annett

2018-05-01

Skin self-examination (SSE) is a crucial preventive health behaviour in melanoma survivors, as it facilitates early detection. Physician endorsement of SSE is important for the initiation and maintenance of this behaviour. This study focussed on the preliminary validation of a new nine-item measure assessing physician support of SSE in melanoma patients. English and French versions of this measure were administered to 188 patients diagnosed with melanoma in the context of a longitudinal study investigating predictors and facilitators of SSE. Structural validity was investigated using exploratory factor analysis conducted in Mplus and convergent and divergent validity was assessed using bivariate correlations conducted in spss. Results suggest that the scale is a unidimensional and reliable measure of physician support for SSE. Given the uncertainty regarding the optimal frequency of SSE for at-risk individuals, we recommend that future psychometric evaluations of this scale consider tailoring items according to the most up-to-date research on SSE effectiveness.

Is Slow Slip a Cause or a Result of Tremor?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Y.; Ampuero, J. P.

2017-12-01

While various modeling efforts have been conducted to reproduce subsets of observations of tremor and slow-slip events (SSE), a fundamental but yet unanswered question is whether slow slip is a cause or a result of tremor. Tremor is commonly regarded as driven by SSE. This view is mainly based on observations of SSE without detected tremors and on (frequency-limited) estimates of total tremor seismic moment being lower than 1% of their concomitant SSE moment. In previous studies we showed that models of heterogeneous faults, composed of seismic asperities embedded in an aseismic fault zone matrix, reproduce quantitatively the hierarchical patterns of tremor migration observed in Cascadia and Shikoku. To address the title question, we design two end-member models of a heterogeneous fault. In the SSE-driven-tremor model, slow slip events are spontaneously generated by the matrix (even in the absence of seismic asperities) and drive tremor. In the Tremor-driven-SSE model the matrix is stable (it slips steadily in the absence of asperities) and slow slip events result from the collective behavior of tremor asperities interacting via transient creep (local afterslip fronts). We study these two end-member models through 2D quasi-dynamic multi-cycle simulations of faults governed by rate-and-state friction with heterogeneous frictional properties and effective normal stress, using the earthquake simulation software QDYN (https://zenodo.org/record/322459). We find that both models reproduce first-order observations of SSE and tremor and have very low seismic to aseismic moment ratio. However, the Tremor-driven-SSE model assumes a simpler rheology than the SSE-driven-tremor model and matches key observations better and without fine tuning, including the ratio of propagation speeds of forward SSE and rapid tremor reversals and the decay of inter-event times of Low Frequency Earthquakes. These modeling results indicate that, in contrast to a common view, SSE could be a result of tremor activity. We also find that, despite important interactions between asperities, tremor activity rates are proportional to the underlying aseismic slip rate, supporting an approach to estimate SSE properties with high spatial-temporal resolutions via tremor activity.

Social network-related risk factors for bloodborne virus infections among injection drug users receiving syringes through secondary exchange.

PubMed

De, Prithwish; Cox, Joseph; Boivin, Jean-François; Platt, Robert W; Jolly, Ann M

2008-01-01

Secondary syringe exchange (SSE) refers to the exchange of sterile syringes between injection drug users (IDUs). To date there has been limited examination of SSE in relation to the social networks of IDUs. This study aimed to identify characteristics of drug injecting networks associated with the receipt of syringes through SSE. Active IDUs were recruited from syringe exchange and methadone treatment programs in Montreal, Canada, between April 2004 and January 2005. Information on each participant and on their drug-injecting networks was elicited using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Subjects' network characteristics were examined in relation to SSE using regression models with generalized estimating equations. Of 218 participants, 126 were SSE recipients with 186 IDUs in their injecting networks. The 92 non-recipients reported 188 network IDUs. Networks of SSE recipients and non-recipients were similar with regard to network size and demographics of network members. In multivariate analyses adjusted for age and gender, SSE recipients were more likely than non-recipients to self-report being HIV-positive (OR=3.56 [1.54-8.23]); require or provide help with injecting (OR=3.74 [2.01-6.95]); have a social network member who is a sexual partner (OR=1.90 [1.11-3.24]), who currently attends a syringe exchange or methadone program (OR=2.33 [1.16-4.70]), injects daily (OR=1.77 [1.11-2.84]), and shares syringes with the subject (OR=2.24 [1.13-4.46]). SSE is associated with several injection-related risk factors that could be used to help focus public health interventions for risk reduction. Since SSE offers an opportunity for the dissemination of important prevention messages, SSE-based networks should be used to improve public health interventions. This approach can optimize the benefits of SSE while minimizing the potential risks associated with the practice of secondary exchange.

SSE Data and Information

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2013-01-31

Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) Data and Information   The Release 6.0 Surface meteorology and Solar ... Collaboration Benefits International Priorities of Energy Management" features SSE data and the RETScreen renewable energy tool. ( Read ...

Carcinogen-induced squamous papillomas and oncogenic progression in the absence of the SSeCKS/AKAP12 metastasis suppressor correlates with FAK upregulation

PubMed Central

Akakura, Shin; Bouchard, Rene; Bshara, Wiam; Morrison, Carl; Gelman, Irwin H.

2011-01-01

The ability of SSeCKS/Gravin/AKAP12 (SSeCKS) to negatively regulate cell cycle progression is thought to relate to its spatiotemporal scaffolding activity for key signaling molecules such as protein kinase A and C, calmodulin, and cyclins. SSeCKS is downregulated upon progression to malignancy in many cancer types, including melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The forced re-expression of SSeCKS is especially potent in suppressing metastasis through the inhibition of VEGF-mediated neovascularization. We have previously shown that SSeCKS-null (KO) mice exhibit hyperplasia and focal dysplasia in the prostate marked by activated Akt. To address whether KO-mice exhibit increased skin carcinogenesis, WT and KO C57BL/6 mice were treated topically with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene. Compared to WT mice, KO mice developed squamous papillomas more rapidly and in greater numbers, and also exhibited significantly increased progression to squamous cell carcinoma. Untreated KO epidermal layers were thicker than those in age-matched WT mice, and exhibited significantly increased levels of FAK and phospho-ERK1/2, known mediators of carcinogen-induced squamous papilloma progression to carcinoma. Compared to protein levels in WT mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF), SSeCKS levels were increased in FAK-null cells whereas FAK levels were increased in SSeCKS-null cells. RNAi studies in WT MEF cells suggest that SSeCKS and FAK attenuate each other’s expression. Our study implicates a role for SSeCKS in preventing of skin cancer progression possibly through negatively regulating FAK expression. PMID:21128249

Nucleation and arrest of slow slip earthquakes: mechanisms and nonlinear simulations using realistic fault geometries and heterogeneous medium properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alves da Silva Junior, J.; Frank, W.; Campillo, M.; Juanes, R.

2017-12-01

Current models for slow slip earthquakes (SSE) assume a simplified fault embedded on a homogeneous half-space. In these models SSE events nucleate on the transition from velocity strengthening (VS) to velocity weakening (VW) down dip from the trench and propagate towards the base of the seismogenic zone, where high normal effective stress is assumed to arrest slip. Here, we investigate SSE nucleation and arrest using quasi-static finite element simulations, with rate and state friction, on a domain with heterogeneous properties and realistic fault geometry. We use the fault geometry of the Guerrero Gap in the Cocos subduction zone, where SSE events occurs every 4 years, as a proxy for subduction zone. Our model is calibrated using surface displacements from GPS observations. We apply boundary conditions according to the plate convergence rate and impose a depth-dependent pore pressure on the fault. Our simulations indicate that the fault geometry and elastic properties of the medium play a key role in the arrest of SSE events at the base of the seismogenic zone. SSE arrest occurs due to aseismic deformations of the domain that result in areas with elevated effective stress. SSE nucleation occurs in the transition from VS to VW and propagates as a crack-like expansion with increased nucleation length prior to dynamic instability. Our simulations encompassing multiple seismic cycles indicate SSE interval times between 1 and 10 years and, importantly, a systematic increase of rupture area prior to dynamic instability, followed by a hiatus in the SSE occurrence. We hypothesize that these SSE characteristics, if confirmed by GPS observations in different subduction zones, can add to the understanding of nucleation of large earthquakes in the seismogenic zone.

Identification of Salmonella Typhimurium deubiquitinase SseL substrates by immunoaffinity enrichment and quantitative proteomic analysis

DOE PAGES

Nakayasu, Ernesto S.; Sydor, Michael A.; Brown, Roslyn N.; ...

2015-07-06

Ubiquitination is a key protein post-translational modification that regulates many important cellular pathways and whose levels are regulated by equilibrium between the activities of ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases. Here we present a method to identify specific deubiquitinase substrates based on treatment of cell lysates with recombinant enzymes, immunoaffinity purification and global quantitative proteomic analysis. As model system to identify substrates, we used a virulence-related deubiquitinase secreted by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium into the host cells, SseL. By using this approach two SseL substrates were identified in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage-like cell line, S100A6 and het-erogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein K, inmore » addition to the previously reported K63-linked ubiquitin chains. These substrates were further validated by a combination of enzymatic and binding assays. Finally, this method can be used for the systematic identification of substrates of deubiquitinases from other organisms and applied to study their functions in physiology and disease.« less

Identification of Salmonella Typhimurium deubiquitinase SseL substrates by immunoaffinity enrichment and quantitative proteomic analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nakayasu, Ernesto S.; Sydor, Michael A.; Brown, Roslyn N.

Ubiquitination is a key protein post-translational modification that regulates many important cellular pathways and whose levels are regulated by equilibrium between the activities of ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases. Here we present a method to identify specific deubiquitinase substrates based on treatment of cell lysates with recombinant enzymes, immunoaffinity purification and global quantitative proteomic analysis. As model system to identify substrates, we used a virulence-related deubiquitinase secreted by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium into the host cells, SseL. By using this approach two SseL substrates were identified in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage-like cell line, S100A6 and het-erogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein K, inmore » addition to the previously reported K63-linked ubiquitin chains. These substrates were further validated by a combination of enzymatic and binding assays. Finally, this method can be used for the systematic identification of substrates of deubiquitinases from other organisms and applied to study their functions in physiology and disease.« less

SSE Documentation

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2014-07-22

...   SSE is supported through the Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) project under the NASA Applied Sciences Program within ... Science Data Center Surface meteorological and Solar Energy (SSE) web portal supported by the NASA LaRC POWER Project." Continued ...

SSE Data and Information

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-04-03

Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) Data and Information The Release 6.0 Surface meteorology and Solar Energy ( SSE ) data set contains parameters formulated for assessing and designing renewable energy systems. This latest release contains new parameters based on ...

Soap Suds Enema are Efficacious and Safe for Treating Fecal Impaction in Children with Abdominal Pain

PubMed Central

Chumpitazi, Corrie E.; Henkel, Erin B.; Valdez, Karina L.; Chumpitazi, Bruno P.

2016-01-01

Importance Constipation is a common cause of pediatric abdominal pain and emergency department (ED) presentation. Despite the high prevalence, there is a dearth of clinical information and wide practice variation in childhood constipation management in the ED. Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of soap suds enema (SSE) in the treatment of fecal impaction in children with abdominal pain within the pediatric emergency department (ED) setting. The primary outcome was stool output following SSE. Secondary outcomes were adverse events, admissions, and return visits within 72 hours. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study performed in the ED at a quaternary care children’s hospital of patients seen over a 12-month period who received a SSE for fecal impaction. Results Five hundred twelve patients (53% female, median age 7.8 years, range: 8 months-23 years) received SSE therapy over a 1-year period. Successful therapy (bowel movement) following SSE occurred in 419 (82%). Adverse events included abdominal pain in 24 (5%) and nausea/vomiting in 18 (4%). No SSE-related serious adverse events were identified. Following SSE, 405 (79%) were subsequently discharged, of which 15 (3.7%) returned to the ED for re-evaluation within 72 hours. Conclusions and Relevance SSE is an efficacious and safe therapeutic option for the acute treatment of childhood fecal impaction in the ED setting. PMID:26655947

Soap Suds Enemas Are Efficacious and Safe for Treating Fecal Impaction in Children With Abdominal Pain.

PubMed

Chumpitazi, Corrie E; Henkel, Erin B; Valdez, Karina L; Chumpitazi, Bruno P

2016-07-01

Constipation is a common cause of pediatric abdominal pain and emergency department (ED) presentation. Despite the high prevalence, there is a dearth of clinical information and wide practice variation in childhood constipation management in the ED. The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of soap suds enema (SSE) in the therapy for fecal impaction in children with abdominal pain within the pediatric ED setting. The primary outcome was stool output following SSE. Secondary outcomes were adverse events, admissions, and return visits within 72 hours. The present study is a retrospective cross-sectional study performed in the ED at a quaternary care children's hospital of patients seen during a 12-month period who received an SSE for fecal impaction. Five hundred twelve patients (53% girls, median age 7.8 years, range: 8 months-23 years) received SSE therapy during a 1-year period. Successful therapy (bowel movement) following SSE occurred in 419 (82%). Adverse events included abdominal pain in 24 (5%) and nausea/vomiting in 18 (4%). No SSE-related serious adverse events were identified. Following SSE, 405 (79%) were subsequently discharged, of which 15 (3.7%) returned to the ED for re-evaluation within 72 hours. SSE is an efficacious and safe therapeutic option for the acute treatment of childhood fecal impaction in the ED setting.

SSE Data and Information Page

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-04-04

Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) Data and Information A new POWER home page ... The Release 6.0 Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) data set contains parameters formulated for assessing and designing renewable energy systems. This latest release contains new parameters based on ...

SSE Global Data

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-04-12

SSE Global Data Text files of monthly averaged data for the entire ... Version:  V6 Location:  Global Spatial Coverage:  (90N, 90S)(180W,180E) ... File Format:  ASCII Order Data:  SSE Global Data: Order Data SCAR-B Block:  ...

SSE Transition to POWER is Now Complete

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-06-21

... A new POWER home page with enhanced responsive GIS-enabled web data services and mapping capabilities replaced the SSE site on June 13, 2018. This current set of SSE web applications and website is no longer accessible. The new POWER includes ...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Song, Kai; Song, Linze; Shi, Qiang, E-mail: qshi@iccas.ac.cn

Based on the path integral approach, we derive a new realization of the exact non-Markovian stochastic Schrödinger equation (SSE). The main difference from the previous non-Markovian quantum state diffusion (NMQSD) method is that the complex Gaussian stochastic process used for the forward propagation of the wave function is correlated, which may be used to reduce the amplitude of the non-Markovian memory term at high temperatures. The new SSE is then written into the recently developed hierarchy of pure states scheme, in a form that is more closely related to the hierarchical equation of motion approach. Numerical simulations are then performedmore » to demonstrate the efficiency of the new method.« less

Serendipitous Science Engagement: A Family Self-Ethnography

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vedder-Weiss, Dana

2017-01-01

While opportunities for spontaneous, undesigned, serendipitous science engagement (SSE) are abundant and evidence regarding its affordances is accumulating, little is known about its nature. In this paper, I present a model defining and identifying SSE, which consists of a personal and a contextual continuum. To explore the nature of family SSE, I…

SSE Decommission Announcement

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-06-26

... We are pleased to announce that on June 13, 2018 the old SSE web site will be replaced with the new data web portal at https://power.larc.nasa.gov with improved solar and ... currently on SSE are now available at the new POWER web site although the parameters might be organized differently.  Also note ...

POWER/SSE

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-06-15

... The Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) project was initiated to improve upon the current SSE ... continue to be focussed on the solar and wind Renewable Energy industry. New data sets will target Sustainable Buildings ... The Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) project was initiated to improve upon the current SSE ...

Implementation of School Self-Evaluation in Secondary Schools: Teachers' Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wong, Wai Lun

2010-01-01

The study investigates how teacher administrators and teachers in Hong Kong secondary schools experienced the implementation process of School Self-Evaluation (SSE), perceived the effects of SSE and described the implementation approach of SSE from the perspectives of policy implementation within the policy studies in education. Given that this…

Wavelength-Controlled Photodetector Based on Single CdSSe Nanobelt

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xinmin; Tan, Qiuhong; Feng, Xiaobo; Wang, Qianjin; Liu, Yingkai

2018-06-01

CdSSe nanobelts (NBs) are synthesized by thermal evaporation and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL), and cathodoluminescence (CL). It is found that the CdSSe NBs have a good morphology and microstructure without defects. CL is sensitive to the defects of CdSSe NBs; thus, we can select single nanobelt with homogeneous CL emission to prepare a detector. Based on it, the photodetector of single CdSSe NB was developed and its photoelectric properties were investigated in detail. It is found that under illumination of white light and at the bias voltage of 1 V, the photocurrent of a single CdSSe nanobelt device is 1.60 × 10-7 A, the dark current is 1.96 × 10-10 A, and the ratio of light current to dark one is 816. In addition, the CdSSe nanobelt detector has high photoelectric performance with spectral responsivity of 10.4 AW-1 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 19.1%. Its rise/decay time is about 1.62/4.70 ms. This work offers a novel strategy for design wavelength-controlled photodetectors by adjusting their compositions.

Wavelength-Controlled Photodetector Based on Single CdSSe Nanobelt.

PubMed

Li, Xinmin; Tan, Qiuhong; Feng, Xiaobo; Wang, Qianjin; Liu, Yingkai

2018-06-07

CdSSe nanobelts (NBs) are synthesized by thermal evaporation and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL), and cathodoluminescence (CL). It is found that the CdSSe NBs have a good morphology and microstructure without defects. CL is sensitive to the defects of CdSSe NBs; thus, we can select single nanobelt with homogeneous CL emission to prepare a detector. Based on it, the photodetector of single CdSSe NB was developed and its photoelectric properties were investigated in detail. It is found that under illumination of white light and at the bias voltage of 1 V, the photocurrent of a single CdSSe nanobelt device is 1.60 × 10 -7  A, the dark current is 1.96 × 10 -10  A, and the ratio of light current to dark one is 816. In addition, the CdSSe nanobelt detector has high photoelectric performance with spectral responsivity of 10.4 AW -1 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 19.1%. Its rise/decay time is about 1.62/4.70 ms. This work offers a novel strategy for design wavelength-controlled photodetectors by adjusting their compositions.

Growth, morphological and optical characteristics of ZnSSe nanorods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Lin-Jer; Dai, Jia-Heng

2017-02-01

Zinc seledide sulfide (ZnSxSe1-x) nanorods with wurtzite structure were synthesized by a low temperature solvothermal pathway. In a typical condition of solvothermal at 180 °C for 8 h, the ZnSxSe1-x was composed of nanorods 10-15 nm in diameter and 50-75 nm length. These results indicate that the nanoscale of ZnSSe nanocrystals may contribute to the solvothermal process and exhibit a tunable photoluminescence (PL) and band gap that depends on the variation of reaction conditions. The work suggests a promising route to single-mode "mirror-less" amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from inorganic nanomaterials with the Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLC) providing additional potential functionality. The obtained products are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), UV-visible spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This approach for solvothermal growth can also be used with primary ZnSSe nanorods to achieve tunable optical properties and can likely be extended to nanomaterials of different shapes and other optical devices.

Spin Seebeck effect in insulating epitaxial γ-Fe2O3 thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiménez-Cavero, P.; Lucas, I.; Anadón, A.; Ramos, R.; Niizeki, T.; Aguirre, M. H.; Algarabel, P. A.; Uchida, K.; Ibarra, M. R.; Saitoh, E.; Morellón, L.

2017-02-01

We report the fabrication of high crystal quality epitaxial thin films of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), a classic ferrimagnetic insulating iron oxide. Spin Seebeck effect (SSE) measurements in γ-Fe2O3/Pt bilayers as a function of sample preparation conditions and temperature yield a SSE coefficient of 0.5(1) μV/K at room temperature. Dependence on temperature allows us to estimate the magnon diffusion length in maghemite to be in the range of tens of nanometers, in good agreement with that of conducting iron oxide magnetite (Fe3O4), establishing the relevance of spin currents of magnonic origin in magnetic iron oxides.

Comparing surgical infections in National Surgical Quality Improvement Project and an Institutional Database.

PubMed

Selby, Luke V; Sjoberg, Daniel D; Cassella, Danielle; Sovel, Mindy; Weiser, Martin R; Sepkowitz, Kent; Jones, David R; Strong, Vivian E

2015-06-15

Surgical quality improvement requires accurate tracking and benchmarking of postoperative adverse events. We track surgical site infections (SSIs) with two systems; our in-house surgical secondary events (SSE) database and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP). The SSE database, a modification of the Clavien-Dindo classification, categorizes SSIs by their anatomic site, whereas NSQIP categorizes by their level. Our aim was to directly compare these different definitions. NSQIP and the SSE database entries for all surgeries performed in 2011 and 2012 were compared. To match NSQIP definitions, and while blinded to NSQIP results, entries in the SSE database were categorized as either incisional (superficial or deep) or organ space infections. These categorizations were compared with NSQIP records; agreement was assessed with Cohen kappa. The 5028 patients in our cohort had a 6.5% SSI in the SSE database and a 4% rate in NSQIP, with an overall agreement of 95% (kappa = 0.48, P < 0.0001). The rates of categorized infections were similarly well matched; incisional rates of 4.1% and 2.7% for the SSE database and NSQIP and organ space rates of 2.6% and 1.5%. Overall agreements were 96% (kappa = 0.36, P < 0.0001) and 98% (kappa = 0.55, P < 0.0001), respectively. Over 80% of cases recorded by the SSE database but not NSQIP did not meet NSQIP criteria. The SSE database is an accurate, real-time record of postoperative SSIs. Institutional databases that capture all surgical cases can be used in conjunction with NSQIP with excellent concordance. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

SSE Transition to POWER

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-06-15

... We are pleased to announce that on June 13, 2018 the old SSE web site will be replaced with the new data web portal at https://power.larc.nasa.gov with improved solar and ... currently on SSE are now available at the new POWER web site although the parameters might be organized differently.  Also note ...

Replacement of SSE with NASA's POWER Project GIS-enabled Web Data Portal

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-04-30

Replacement of SSE with NASA's POWER Project GIS-enabled Web Data Portal Friday, March ... 2018 Replacement of SSE (Release 6) with NASA's Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) Project GIS-enabled Web ... Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) Project funded largely by NASA Earth Applied Sciences program.   The new POWER web portal ...

Replacement of SSE with NASA's POWER Announcement

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-06-11

... We are pleased to announce that on June 13, 2018 the old SSE web site will be replaced with the new data web portal at https://power.larc.nasa.gov with improved solar and ... currently on SSE are now available at the new POWER web site although the parameters might be organized differently.  Also note ...

Size-of-source Effect in Infrared Thermometers with Direct Reading of Temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manoi, A.; Saunders, P.

2017-07-01

The size-of-source effect (SSE) for six infrared (IR) thermometers with direct reading of temperature was measured in this work. The alternative direct method for SSE determination, where the aperture size is fixed and the measurement distance is varied, was used in this study. The experimental equivalence between the usual and the alternative direct methods is presented. The magnitudes of the SSE for different types of IR thermometers were investigated. The maxima of the SSE were found to be up to 5 %, 8 %, and 28 % for focusable, closed-focus, and open-focus thermometers, respectively. At 275°C, an SSE of 28 % corresponds to 52°C, indicating the severe effect on the accuracy of this type of IR thermometer. A method to realize the calibration conditions used by the manufacturer, in terms of aperture size and measurement distance, is discussed and validated by experimental results. This study would be of benefit to users in choosing the best IR thermometer to match their work and for calibration laboratories in selecting the technique most suitable for determining the SSE.

Soybean seed extracts preferentially express genomic loci of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the initial interaction with soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.

PubMed

Wei, Min; Yokoyama, Tadashi; Minamisawa, Kiwamu; Mitsui, Hisayuki; Itakura, Manabu; Kaneko, Takakazu; Tabata, Satoshi; Saeki, Kazuhiko; Omori, Hirofumi; Tajima, Shigeyuki; Uchiumi, Toshiki; Abe, Mikiko; Ohwada, Takuji

2008-08-01

Initial interaction between rhizobia and legumes actually starts via encounters of both partners in the rhizosphere. In this study, the global expression profiles of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 in response to soybean (Glycine max) seed extracts (SSE) and genistein, a major soybean-released isoflavone for nod genes induction of B. japonicum, were compared. SSE induced many genomic loci as compared with genistein (5.0 microM), nevertheless SSE-supplemented medium contained 4.7 microM genistein. SSE markedly induced four predominant genomic regions within a large symbiosis island (681 kb), which include tts genes (type III secretion system) and various nod genes. In addition, SSE-treated cells expressed many genomic loci containing genes for polygalacturonase (cell-wall degradation), exopolysaccharide synthesis, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, ribosome proteins family and energy metabolism even outside symbiosis island. On the other hand, genistein-treated cells exclusively showed one expression cluster including common nod gene operon within symbiosis island and six expression loci including multidrug resistance, which were shared with SSE-treated cells. Twelve putatively regulated genes were indeed validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Several SSE-induced genomic loci likely participate in the initial interaction with legumes. Thus, these results can provide a basic knowledge for screening novel genes relevant to the B. japonicum- soybean symbiosis.

Sodium Selenite Radiosensitizes Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer Xenograft Tumors but Not Intestinal Crypt Cells In Vivo

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tian Junqiang; Ning Shouchen; Knox, Susan J., E-mail: sknox@stanford.ed

Purpose: We have previously shown that sodium selenite (SSE) increases radiation-induced cell killing of human prostate carcinoma cells in vitro. In this study we further evaluated the in vivo radiosensitizing effect of SSE in prostate cancer xenograft tumors and normal radiosensitive intestinal crypt cells. Methods and Materials: Immunodeficient (SCID) mice with hormone-independent LAPC-4 (HI-LAPC-4) and PC-3 xenograft tumors (approximately 200 mm{sup 3}) were divided into four groups: control (untreated), radiation therapy (XRT, local irradiation), SSE (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, 3 times/week), and XRT plus SSE. The XRT was given at the beginning of the regimen as a single dose of 5more » Gy for HI-LAPC-4 tumors and a single dose of 7 Gy followed by a fractional dose of 3 Gy/d for 5 days for PC-3 tumors. The tumor volume was measured 3 times per week. The radiosensitizing effect of SSE on normal intestinal epithelial cells was assessed by use of a crypt cell microcolony assay. Results: In the efficacy study, SSE alone significantly inhibited the tumor growth in HI-LAPC-4 tumors but not PC-3 tumors. Sodium selenite significantly enhanced the XRT-induced tumor growth inhibition in both HI-LAPC-4 and PC-3 tumors. In the toxicity study, SSE did not affect the intestinal crypt cell survival either alone or in combination with XRT. Conclusions: Sodium selenite significantly enhances the effect of radiation on well-established hormone-independent prostate tumors and does not sensitize the intestinal epithelial cells to radiation. These results suggest that SSE may increase the therapeutic index of XRT for the treatment of prostate cancer.« less

Quake clamps down on slow slip

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wallace, Laura M.; Bartlow, Noel; Hamling, Ian; Fry, Bill

2014-12-01

Using continuous GPS (cGPS) data from the Hikurangi subduction zone in New Zealand, we show for the first time that stress changes induced by a local earthquake can arrest an ongoing slow slip event (SSE). The cGPS data show that the slip rate in the northern portion of the 2013/2014 Kapiti SSE decreased abruptly following a nearby intraslab earthquake. We suggest that deceleration of the Kapiti SSE in early 2014 occurred due to a tenfold increase in the normal stress relative to shear stress in the SSE source, induced by the nearby Mw 6.3 earthquake, consistent with expectations of rate and state friction. Our observation of an abrupt halting/slowing of the SSE in response to stress changes imposed by a local earthquake has implications for the strength of fault zones hosting SSEs and supports the premise that static stress changes are an important ingredient in triggering (or delaying) fault slip.

The stability of financial market networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Xin-Guo; Xie, Chi; Wang, Gang-Jin

2014-08-01

We investigate the stability of a financial market network by measuring its topological robustness, namely the ability of the network to resist structural or topological changes. The closing prices of 710 stocks in the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) from 2005 to 2011 are chosen as the empirical data. We divide the period into three sub-periods: before, during, and after the US sub-prime crisis. By monitoring the size of the clusters which fall apart from the network after removing the nodes (i.e., the listed companies in the SSE), we find that: i) the SSE network is sensitive to the nodes' failure, which implies that the network is unstable. ii) the SSE network before the financial crisis has the strongest robustness against the intentional topological damage; iii) the hubs (i.e., highly connected nodes) connect with each other directly and play a vital important role in maintaining SSE network's stability.

Constraining slip distributions and onset of shallow slow slip in New Zealand by joint inversions of onshore and offshore geodetic data.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yohler, R. M.; Bartlow, N. M.; Wallace, L. M.; Williams, C. A.

2017-12-01

Investigation of slow slip events (SSEs) has become a useful tool for understanding plate boundary fault mechanics in subduction zones where the largest earthquakes occur. An area of specific importance is along the Hikurangi subduction zone in New Zealand, where repeating, known offshore and onshore slow slip patches have been identified since 2002 from the GeoNet cGPS array. Most models of offshore SSEs in New Zealand and elsewhere are solely constrained by these land-based cGPS arrays. This has led to models with poor resolution out near the trench of the subduction zone, where tsunami hazards are greatest. However, a year-long deployment of seafloor pressure sensors (titled "Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Investigation of Tremor and Slow Slip" (HOBITSS)) took place from mid-2014 to mid-2015 offshore of Gisborne, New Zealand and the northern Hikurangi subduction margin. In September 2014, a large SSE was recorded by the HOBITSS and onshore cGPS arrays which allowed for a slip model with better resolution near the trench [Wallace et al., Science, 2016]. Here we investigate the static and time-dependent slip distribution and propagation during the 2014 SSE by joint inversion of the HOBITSS ocean bottom pressure data and onshore cGPS data using the Network Inversion Filter (NIF). This inversion also incorporates more realistic elastic properties by generating Greens functions using the PyLith finite element code with material properties inferred from the New-Zealand wide seismic velocity model. The addition of the APG data and realistic elastic properties not only increased the slip amplitude during the SSE, but also suggests that the onset of the SSE is several days earlier than models predicted by only cGPS. Moreover, the addition of the APG data increased model resolution directly over the SSE by several cm. Additionally, we will also test ranges of possible slip distributions by using the moment bounding technique described in Johnson et al. 1994. While the NIF relies on smoothing parameters for a best fit model, this technique is free from smoothing constraints and will ultimately aid in understanding the range of SSE slip magnitudes that can be fit by the GPS and APG data.

Spin Seebeck effect in a weak ferromagnet

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arboleda, Juan David, E-mail: juan.arboledaj@udea.edu.co; Arnache Olmos, Oscar; Aguirre, Myriam Haydee

2016-06-06

We report the observation of room temperature spin Seebeck effect (SSE) in a weak ferromagnetic normal spinel Zinc Ferrite (ZFO). Despite the weak ferromagnetic behavior, the measurements of the SSE in ZFO show a thermoelectric voltage response comparable with the reported values for other ferromagnetic materials. Our results suggest that SSE might possibly originate from the surface magnetization of the ZFO.

Teaching SSE and Some of Its Applications in Junior High School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bernard, John E.

This paper describes the development of curriculum materials for teaching the Sum of Squared Errors (SSE) to one class of 25 eighth graders in Hawaii. Microcomputers were used in class. Prior to explicit introduction of the SSE students were given repeated contact with a data base of various statistics collected from members of their class. Then a…

Software support environment design knowledge capture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dollman, Tom

1990-01-01

The objective of this task is to assess the potential for using the software support environment (SSE) workstations and associated software for design knowledge capture (DKC) tasks. This assessment will include the identification of required capabilities for DKC and hardware/software modifications needed to support DKC. Several approaches to achieving this objective are discussed and interim results are provided: (1) research into the problem of knowledge engineering in a traditional computer-aided software engineering (CASE) environment, like the SSE; (2) research into the problem of applying SSE CASE tools to develop knowledge based systems; and (3) direct utilization of SSE workstations to support a DKC activity.

Structure Size Enhanced Histogram

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wesarg, Stefan; Kirschner, Matthias

Direct volume visualization requires the definition of transfer functions (TFs) for the assignment of opacity and color. Multi-dimensional TFs are based on at least two image properties, and are specified by means of 2D histograms. In this work we propose a new type of a 2D histogram which combines gray value with information about the size of the structures. This structure size enhanced (SSE) histogram is an intuitive approach for representing anatomical features. Clinicians — the users we are focusing on — are much more familiar with selecting features by their size than by their gradient magnitude value. As a proof of concept, we employ the SSE histogram for the definition of two-dimensional TFs for the visualization of 3D MRI and CT image data.

Role of the sseK1 gene in the pathogenicity of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in vitro and in vivo.

PubMed

Yang, Yadong; Yu, Chuan; Ding, Ke; Zhang, Chunjie; Liao, Chengshui; Jia, Yanyan; Li, Jing; Cheng, Xiangchao

2018-04-01

Salmonella enteritidis is a common food-borne pathogen associated with consumption of contaminated poultry meat and eggs, which frequently causes gastroenteritis in humans. Salmonella secreted effector K1 (SseK1), as a translocated and secreted protein has been identified to be essential for the virulence of Salmonella typhimurium in host cells. However, the role of the sseK1 gene in the pathogenicity of S. enteritidis remain unclear. In this study, a sseK1 deletion mutant of S. enteritidis was constructed and its biological characteristics were examined. It was found that the sseK1 deletion mutant did not affect the growth, adherence and invasion of Salmonella enteritidis when compared to the wild-type S. enteritidis. However, the mutant showed decreased formation of biofilm and significantly reduced intracellular survival of bacteria in activated mouse peritoneal macrophages, as well as showed reduced pathogenicity to a murine model by increasing the lethal dose 50% (LD 50 ) value and decreasing the proliferation ratio of bacteria in vivo. Taken together, this study determined an important role for SseK1 in the pathogenicity of S. enteritidis in vitro and in vivo. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

HealtheBrain: an innovative smartphone application to improve cognitive function in older adults.

PubMed

Shellington, Erin M; Felfeli, Tina; Shigematsu, Ryosuke; Gill, Dawn P; Petrella, Robert J

2017-01-01

Exercise-based interventions have shown promise in slowing cognitive decline, however there is limited evidence for scalability. Our previous research has linked a novel visuospatial memory exercise intervention, incorporating patterned walking or square-stepping exercise (SSE) with significant improvements in executive function and memory among older adults with normal cognition as well as those with subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of the current study was to determine the feasibility and utility of the Health e Brain smartphone app to deliver SSE outside the laboratory among older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Previous healthy research subjects with and without SCC or MCI, who had previous exposure to SSE, and who owned or had access to an iPhone of iPad, were recruited to download the Health e Brain app and use it up to 3 weeks. There were no restrictions on the number of times subjects could use the app. A 15-question survey was developed to assess feasibility and utility of the Health e Brain app and completed online following the brief exposure period. Of 135 people who were identified, 95 were contacted between September 2014 to August 2015, 27 downloaded the Health e Brain app on their iPhone or iPad from the App Store and 19 completed the questionnaire. Subjects (n=19) were an average age of 68.3±5.4; 74% female and had 15.5±2.8 years of education (84% post-secondary education), a mean Mini Mental State examination score of 29.1 (SD 1.2) out of 30 and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score of 26.3 (SD 1.9) out of 30. Subjects used the Health e Brain app 1-7 days per week, mostly at home. Of possible stages of progression, subjects mainly used the stage 1 and 2 beginner patterns. Subjects reported perceived and technical challenges registering horizontal step patterns associated with stage 2 and greater progression. Sixty percent found the app was easy to use or similar to what they experienced with SSE in the laboratory setting. Most said they would continue to use the Health e Brain app and would recommend it to friends and family. The Health e Brain app was feasible in providing SSE to older adults with the appropriate smartphone device outside the laboratory setting. Challenges were identified with perceived capture of higher levels of SSE stages that used horizontal step patterns. This as well as technical issues with horizontal step patterns will be addressed by newer GPS technology in current smartphone devices. Most subjects stated they would continue to use the Health e Brain app and refer to their friends and family. We believe that our findings in a representative cohort support the Health e Brain app as a scalable intervention to promote cognitive health in older adults.

Sun protection and skin self-examination in melanoma survivors.

PubMed

Mujumdar, Urvi J; Hay, Jennifer L; Monroe-Hinds, Yvette C; Hummer, Amanda J; Begg, Colin B; Wilcox, Homer B; Oliveria, Susan A; Berwick, Marianne

2009-10-01

Patients diagnosed with melanoma are at risk for developing recurrent and second primary disease. Skin self-examination (SSE) and sun protection are standard clinical recommendations to minimize risk. In this study we examined performance of these behaviors in individuals with melanoma drawn from the general population. Potential participants (N=148) with a first primary melanoma diagnosed in 2000 were identified through a population-based cancer registry in New Jersey, USA. One hundred and fifteen individuals participated in a 30 min telephone interview concerning behavioral adherence with SSE and sun protection, self-efficacy for performing these behaviors, and perceived risk of developing another skin cancer. We utilized logistic regression to estimate potential associations of demographic, medical, and psychosocial factors with SSE and sun protection, respectively. Seventeen percent of subjects reported performing comprehensive SSE at least once every two months and 23% engaged in regular sun protection. Utilization of SSE was related to the presence of moles (OR=4.2, 95% CI: 1.1-15) and higher SSE self-efficacy (OR=14.4, 95% CI: 1.9-112). Regular sun protection was related to older age (>60 years; OR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.3-8.7), being female (OR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-7.3), and higher sun protection self-efficacy (OR=5.0, 95% CI: 1.4-18). These factors remained significant in multivariate models. In this group of primary melanoma survivors, the rates of SSE and sun protection are comparable to, but do not exceed, general population estimates. This study provides justification for further research to address barriers to prevention and control behaviors in melanoma survivors.

NASA's RPS Design Reference Mission Set for Solar System Exploration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Balint, Tibor S.

2007-01-01

NASA's 2006 Solar System Exploration (SSE) Strategic Roadmap identified a set of proposed large Flagship, medium New Frontiers and small Discovery class missions, addressing key exploration objectives. These objectives respond to the recommendations by the National Research Council (NRC), reported in the SSE Decadal Survey. The SSE Roadmap is down-selected from an over-subscribed set of missions, called the SSE Design Reference Mission (DRM) set. Missions in the Flagship and New Frontiers classes can consider Radioisotope Power Systems (RPSs), while small Discovery class missions are not permitted to use them, due to cost constraints. In line with the SSE DRM set and the SSE Roadmap missions, the RPS DRM set represents a set of missions, which can be enabled or enhanced by RPS technologies. At present, NASA has proposed the development of two new types of RPSs. These are the Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG), with static power conversion; and the Stirling Radioisotope Generator (SRG), with dynamic conversion. Advanced RPSs, under consideration for possible development, aim to increase specific power levels. In effect, this would either increase electric power generation for the same amount of fuel, or reduce fuel requirements for the same power output, compared to the proposed MMRTG or SRG. Operating environments could also influence the design, such that an RPS on the proposed Titan Explorer would use smaller fins to minimize heat rejection in the extreme cold environment; while the Venus Mobile Explorer long-lived in-situ mission would require the development of a new RPS, in order to tolerate the extreme hot environment, and to simultaneously provide active cooling to the payload and other electric components. This paper discusses NASA's SSE RPS DRM set, in line with the SSE DRM set. It gives a qualitative assessment regarding the impact of various RPS technology and configuration options on potential mission architectures, which could support NASA's RPS technology development planning, and provide an understanding of fuel need trades over the next three decades.

The 2007 Boso Slow Slip Event and the associated earthquake swarm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sekine, S.; Hirose, H.; Kimura, H.; Obara, K.

2007-12-01

In the Boso Peninsula, which is located in southeast of the Japan mainland, slow slip events (SSE) have been observed by the GEONET GPS array operated by the Geographical Survey Institute Japan and the NIED tiltmeter network every 6-7 years (Ozawa et al.,2003; NIED 2003). The unique characteristics of the Boso SSE are that earthquake swarm activities have also occurred in association with the SSE. The latest activity of the SSE and the earthquake swarm took place in August 2007. On 13th August, an earthquake swarm began to occur at east off Boso Peninsula and the slow tilt deformations also started. The earthquake sources migrated to the NNE direction, which is the same direction of the relative plate motion of the subducting Philippine Sea Plate with respect to the overriding plate. The largest earthquake in this episode (Mw 5.3) occurred on 16th and the second largest one (Mw 5.2) on 18th. Most of the larger earthquakes show low- angle thrust type focal mechanisms that are consistent with the plate motion and the geometry of the subduction plate interface. The tilt changes seem to stop on 17th and the activity of the swarm rapidly decreases after 19th. The maximum tilt change of 0.8 micro radian with northwest down tilting was observed at KT2H, the nearest station from the source region. Based on the tilt records around Boso Peninsula, we estimate a fault model for the SSE using genetic algorithm inversion to non-linear parameter and the weighted least squares method to linear parameters. As a result, the estimated moment magnitude and the amount of slip are 6.4 and 10 cm, respectively. The size and the location of the SSE are similar to the previous episodes. The estimated fault plane is very consistent with the configuration of the plate interface (Kimura et al., 2006). Most of the earthquakes are located on the deeper edge of the estimated SSE fault area. The coincidence of the swarm and the SSE suggests a causal relation between them and may help us to understand the mechanism of earthquake triggering. On the other hand, in the southwest Japan, tremors which repeat at approximately six months have occurred in association with the SSE. To compare with these two types of SSE may suggest the difference of the boundary conditions on the same subducting plate.

Understanding Scaling Relations in Fracture and Mechanical Deformation of Single Crystal and Polycrystalline Silicon by Performing Atomistic Simulations at Mesoscale

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-16

0.25 0.26 -0.85 1 SSR SSE R SSTO SSTO = = − 2 2 ˆ( ) : Regression sum of square, ˆwhere : mean value, : value from the fitted line ˆ...Error sum of square : Total sum of square i i i i SSR Y Y Y Y SSE Y Y SSTO SSE SSR = − = − = + ∑ ∑ Statistical analysis: Coefficient of correlation

Simulation of Autonomic Logistics System (ALS) Sortie Generation

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-03-01

84 Appendix B. ANOVA Assumptions Mission Capable Rate ANOVA Assumptions Constant Variance SSR # X cols SSE n Breusch - Pagan Chi-square 3.57E...85 Flying Scheduling Effectiveness ANOVA Assumptions Constant Variance SSR # X cols SSE n Breusch - Pagan Chi-square 2.12E-10 3 0.000816 270...Constant Variance SSR # X cols SSE n Breusch - Pagan Chi-square 1.86E-09 3 0.003758 270 3.20308814 0.9556957 Independence Durbin-Watson

Ferromagnetism induced by point defect in Janus monolayer MoSSe regulated by strain engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meng, Ming; Li, Tinghui; Li, Shaofeng; Liu, Kuili

2018-03-01

The formation and regulation of magnetism dependent on introduced defects in the Janus MoSSe monolayer has attracted much attention because of its potential application in spintronics. Here, we present a theoretical study of defect formation in the MoSSe monolayer and its introduced magnetism under external strain. The tensile deformation induced by external strain not only leads to decreases in defect formation energy, but also enhances magnetic characteristics. However, as compressed deformation increases, the magnetism in the structure induced by Se or S defects remains unchanged because this microstructural deformation adequately spin polarizes unpaired electrons of neighboring Mo atoms. Our results suggest the use of point defect and strain engineering in the Janus MoSSe monolayer for spintronics applications.

Rate heterogeneity across Squamata, misleading ancestral state reconstruction and the importance of proper null model specification.

PubMed

Harrington, S; Reeder, T W

2017-02-01

The binary-state speciation and extinction (BiSSE) model has been used in many instances to identify state-dependent diversification and reconstruct ancestral states. However, recent studies have shown that the standard procedure of comparing the fit of the BiSSE model to constant-rate birth-death models often inappropriately favours the BiSSE model when diversification rates vary in a state-independent fashion. The newly developed HiSSE model enables researchers to identify state-dependent diversification rates while accounting for state-independent diversification at the same time. The HiSSE model also allows researchers to test state-dependent models against appropriate state-independent null models that have the same number of parameters as the state-dependent models being tested. We reanalyse two data sets that originally used BiSSE to reconstruct ancestral states within squamate reptiles and reached surprising conclusions regarding the evolution of toepads within Gekkota and viviparity across Squamata. We used this new method to demonstrate that there are many shifts in diversification rates across squamates. We then fit various HiSSE submodels and null models to the state and phylogenetic data and reconstructed states under these models. We found that there is no single, consistent signal for state-dependent diversification associated with toepads in gekkotans or viviparity across all squamates. Our reconstructions show limited support for the recently proposed hypotheses that toepads evolved multiple times independently in Gekkota and that transitions from viviparity to oviparity are common in Squamata. Our results highlight the importance of considering an adequate pool of models and null models when estimating diversification rate parameters and reconstructing ancestral states. © 2016 European Society For Evolutionary Biology. Journal of Evolutionary Biology © 2016 European Society For Evolutionary Biology.

Effects of a phytoestrogen-containing soy extract on the growth-inhibitory activity of ICI 182 780 in an experimental model of estrogen-dependent breast cancer.

PubMed

Gallo, Daniela; Mantuano, Elisabetta; Fabrizi, Manuela; Ferlini, Cristiano; Mozzetti, Simona; De Stefano, Ilaria; Scambia, Giovanni

2007-06-01

The study reported here was designed to determine whether a phytoestrogen-containing soy extract (SSE) could negate/overwhelm the inhibitory effects of ICI 182 780 on the growth of estrogen-sustained human breast cancer xenografts (MCF-7), in ovariectomized athymic mice. As expected, estradiol-supplemented tumors did not grow over the study period in ICI 182 780-treated females; concomitant administration of 50 mg/kg per day SSE slightly potentiated the inhibitory activity of the drug, while at 100 mg/kg per day, SSE partially negated ICI 182 780 activity. In keeping with these in vivo outcomes, we observed that the level of cyclin D1 (and progesterone receptor) in MCF-7 xenografts was considerably reduced by ICI 182 780, an effect enhanced by concomitant treatment with 50 SSE, but reduced by the higher dosage (i.e. 100 mg/kg per day). Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and kallikrein 6 (KLK6) levels were also reduced following ICI 182 780, although to a lesser degree; again, combined anti-estrogen and SSE produced a dose-dependent regulation in TSP-1 and KLK6 tumor level, with a further reduction in the mRNA gene expression at 50 SSE (compared with ICI 182 780) and a partial reversion of the drug-induced down-regulation at 100 mg/kg per day. No modulation was detected in the serum concentration of IGF-1 (a potent mitogen for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell lines) either upon treatment with ICI 182 780 or concomitant administration of the anti-estrogen with SSE. In conclusion, results from this study raise concerns about the consumption of isoflavone supplements in conjunction with ICI 182 780 therapy, in postmenopausal women with estrogen-dependent breast cancer.

System of Systems Engineering and Integration Process for Network Transport Assessment

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

SOSE&I CONCEPTS The DOD-sourced “Systems Engineering Guide for Systems of Systems” provides an overview of the SoS environment and SE considerations...usage as a guide in application of systems engineering processes. They are listed verbatim below as defined in the DOD SE guide (ODUSD[A&T]SSE 2008...Technology (A&T), Systems and Software Engineering (SSE). 2008. Systems Engineering Guide for Systems of Systems. Washington, DC: ODUSD(A&T)SSE

Skin self-examinations and visual identification of atypical nevi: comparing individual and crowdsourcing approaches.

PubMed

King, Andy J; Gehl, Robert W; Grossman, Douglas; Jensen, Jakob D

2013-12-01

Skin self-examination (SSE) is one method for identifying atypical nevi among members of the general public. Unfortunately, past research has shown that SSE has low sensitivity in detecting atypical nevi. The current study investigates whether crowdsourcing (collective effort) can improve SSE identification accuracy. Collective effort is potentially useful for improving people's visual identification of atypical nevi during SSE because, even when a single person has low reliability at a task, the pattern of the group can overcome the limitations of each individual. Adults (N=500) were recruited from a shopping mall in the Midwest. Participants viewed educational pamphlets about SSE and then completed a mole identification task. For the task, participants were asked to circle mole images that appeared atypical. Forty nevi images were provided; nine of the images were of nevi that were later diagnosed as melanoma. Consistent with past research, individual effort exhibited modest sensitivity (.58) for identifying atypical nevi in the mole identification task. As predicted, collective effort overcame the limitations of individual effort. Specifically, a 19% collective effort identification threshold exhibited superior sensitivity (.90). The results of the current study suggest that limitations of SSE can be countered by collective effort, a finding that supports the pursuit of interventions promoting early melanoma detection that contain crowdsourced visual identification components. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

SU-E-T-259: Particle Swarm Optimization in Radial Dose Function Fitting for a Novel Iodine-125 Seed

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, X; Duan, J; Popple, R

2014-06-01

Purpose: To determine the coefficients of bi- and tri-exponential functions for the best fit of radial dose functions of the new iodine brachytherapy source: Iodine-125 Seed AgX-100. Methods: The particle swarm optimization (PSO) method was used to search for the coefficients of the biand tri-exponential functions that yield the best fit to data published for a few selected radial distances from the source. The coefficients were encoded into particles, and these particles move through the search space by following their local and global best-known positions. In each generation, particles were evaluated through their fitness function and their positions were changedmore » through their velocities. This procedure was repeated until the convergence criterion was met or the maximum generation was reached. All best particles were found in less than 1,500 generations. Results: For the I-125 seed AgX-100 considered as a point source, the maximum deviation from the published data is less than 2.9% for bi-exponential fitting function and 0.2% for tri-exponential fitting function. For its line source, the maximum deviation is less than 1.1% for bi-exponential fitting function and 0.08% for tri-exponential fitting function. Conclusion: PSO is a powerful method in searching coefficients for bi-exponential and tri-exponential fitting functions. The bi- and tri-exponential models of Iodine-125 seed AgX-100 point and line sources obtained with PSO optimization provide accurate analytical forms of the radial dose function. The tri-exponential fitting function is more accurate than the bi-exponential function.« less

Mimicking the action of folding chaperones by Hamiltonian replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations: application in the refinement of de novo models.

PubMed

Fan, Hao; Periole, Xavier; Mark, Alan E

2012-07-01

The efficiency of using a variant of Hamiltonian replica-exchange molecular dynamics (Chaperone H-replica-exchange molecular dynamics [CH-REMD]) for the refinement of protein structural models generated de novo is investigated. In CH-REMD, the interaction between the protein and its environment, specifically, the electrostatic interaction between the protein and the solvating water, is varied leading to cycles of partial unfolding and refolding mimicking some aspects of folding chaperones. In 10 of the 15 cases examined, the CH-REMD approach sampled structures in which the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of secondary structure elements (SSE-RMSD) with respect to the experimental structure was more than 1.0 Å lower than the initial de novo model. In 14 of the 15 cases, the improvement was more than 0.5 Å. The ability of three different statistical potentials to identify near-native conformations was also examined. Little correlation between the SSE-RMSD of the sampled structures with respect to the experimental structure and any of the scoring functions tested was found. The most effective scoring function tested was the DFIRE potential. Using the DFIRE potential, the SSE-RMSD of the best scoring structures was on average 0.3 Å lower than the initial model. Overall the work demonstrates that targeted enhanced-sampling techniques such as CH-REMD can lead to the systematic refinement of protein structural models generated de novo but that improved potentials for the identification of near-native structures are still needed. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

On the Prony series representation of stretched exponential relaxation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mauro, John C.; Mauro, Yihong Z.

2018-09-01

Stretched exponential relaxation is a ubiquitous feature of homogeneous glasses. The stretched exponential decay function can be derived from the diffusion-trap model, which predicts certain critical values of the fractional stretching exponent, β. In practical implementations of glass relaxation models, it is computationally convenient to represent the stretched exponential function as a Prony series of simple exponentials. Here, we perform a comprehensive mathematical analysis of the Prony series approximation of the stretched exponential relaxation, including optimized coefficients for certain critical values of β. The fitting quality of the Prony series is analyzed as a function of the number of terms in the series. With a sufficient number of terms, the Prony series can accurately capture the time evolution of the stretched exponential function, including its "fat tail" at long times. However, it is unable to capture the divergence of the first-derivative of the stretched exponential function in the limit of zero time. We also present a frequency-domain analysis of the Prony series representation of the stretched exponential function and discuss its physical implications for the modeling of glass relaxation behavior.

Origin of the spin Seebeck effect in compensated ferrimagnets

PubMed Central

Geprägs, Stephan; Kehlberger, Andreas; Coletta, Francesco Della; Qiu, Zhiyong; Guo, Er-Jia; Schulz, Tomek; Mix, Christian; Meyer, Sibylle; Kamra, Akashdeep; Althammer, Matthias; Huebl, Hans; Jakob, Gerhard; Ohnuma, Yuichi; Adachi, Hiroto; Barker, Joseph; Maekawa, Sadamichi; Bauer, Gerrit E. W.; Saitoh, Eiji; Gross, Rudolf; Goennenwein, Sebastian T. B.; Kläui, Mathias

2016-01-01

Magnons are the elementary excitations of a magnetically ordered system. In ferromagnets, only a single band of low-energy magnons needs to be considered, but in ferrimagnets the situation is more complex owing to different magnetic sublattices involved. In this case, low lying optical modes exist that can affect the dynamical response. Here we show that the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) is sensitive to the complexities of the magnon spectrum. The SSE is caused by thermally excited spin dynamics that are converted to a voltage by the inverse spin Hall effect at the interface to a heavy metal contact. By investigating the temperature dependence of the SSE in the ferrimagnet gadolinium iron garnet, with a magnetic compensation point near room temperature, we demonstrate that higher-energy exchange magnons play a key role in the SSE. PMID:26842873

Degradation and Its Control of Ultraviolet Avalanche Photodiodes Using PEDOT:PSS/ZnSSe Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abe, Tomoki; Uchida, Shigeto; Tanaka, Keita; Fujisawa, Takanobu; Kasada, Hirofumi; Ando, Koshi; Akaiwa, Kazuaki; Ichino, Kunio

2018-05-01

We investigated device degradation in PEDOT:PSS/ZnSSe organic-inorganic hybrid ultraviolet avalanche photodiodes (UV-APDs). ZnSSe/n-GaAs wafers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy, and PEDOT:PSS window layers were formed by inkjet technique. We observed rapid degradation with APD-mode stress (˜ 30 V) in the N2 (4 N) atmosphere, while we observed no marked change in forward bias current stress and photocurrent stress. In the case of a vacuum condition, we observed no detectable degradation in the dark avalanche current with APD-mode stress. Therefore, the degradation in the PEDOT:PSS/ZnSSe interface under the APD-mode stress was caused by the residual water vapor or oxygen in the N2 atmosphere and could be controlled by vacuum packaging.

The anti-diabetic effects of ethanol extract from two variants of Artemisia princeps Pampanini in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice.

PubMed

Jung, U J; Baek, N-I; Chung, H-G; Bang, M-H; Yoo, J-S; Jeong, T S; Lee, K-T; Kang, Y J; Lee, M K; Kim, H J; Yeo, J Y; Choi, M S

2007-10-01

The anti-diabetic effects of two variants of Artemisia princeps Pampanini, sajabalssuk (SB) and sajuarissuk (SS), were investigated in type 2 diabetic animal using their ethanol extracts. Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) mice were divided into control, SB ethanol extract (SBE), SS ethanol extract (SSE), or rosiglitazone (RG) groups and their age-matched littermates (db/+) were used. Supplementation of the SBE (0.171 g/100g diet), SSE (0.154 g/100g diet), and RG (0.005 g/100g diet) improved glucose and insulin tolerance and significantly lowered blood glycosylated hemoglobin levels, as compared to the control group. Plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon levels in db/db mice were higher in the db/+ mice, however these values were significantly lowered by SBE, SSE or RG-supplement. Hepatic GK activity was significantly lower in the db/db mice than in the db/+ mice, while hepatic G6Pase activity was vice versa. Supplementation of SBE, SSE and RG reversed these hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities. In addition, SBE and SSE markedly increased the hepatic glycogen content and muscle ratio as compared to the control group, but they did not alter the food intake, body weight and plasma leptin level. The RG group, however, showed a significant increase in the food intake, body weight and plasma leptin. These results suggest that SBE and SSE exert an anti-diabetic effect in type 2 diabetic mice.

Spin-current-driven thermoelectric generation based on interfacial spin-orbit coupling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yagmur, A., E-mail: ahmetyagmur@imr.tohoku.ac.jp; Iguchi, R.; Karube, S.

2016-06-13

The longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (SSE) in Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu/yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) devices has been investigated. When an out-of-plane temperature gradient is applied to the Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu/YIG device, a spin current is generated across the Cu/YIG interface via the SSE and then converted into electric voltage due to the spin–orbit coupling at the Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu interface. The sign of the SSE voltage in the Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu/YIG devices is opposite to that induced by the conventional inverse spin Hall effect in Pt/YIG devices. The SSE voltage in the Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu/YIG devices disappears in the absence of the Bi{submore » 2}O{sub 3} layer and its thermoelectric conversion efficiency is independent of the Cu thickness, indicating the important role of the Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu interface. This result demonstrates that not only the bulk inverse spin Hall effect but also the spin–orbit coupling near the interface can be used for SSE-based thermoelectric generation.« less

Where can I read news and articles about the SSE web site?

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2017-12-14

At the NASA  Earth Observatory  : Study: Power to the People! Images: Global Wind Speed Visible Earth: ... Aerospace Technology Innovation (July/August 1997) Solar Cooker Review (July 2002) SSE: General Questions ...

SSE Web Access Data

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-04-04

Description:  Obtain Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) data Available for locations, global/regional areas, ... Provided for 1° latitude by 1° longitude grid cells over the 22-year period July 1983 through June 2005 ...

Two Enhancements of the Logarithmic Least-Squares Method for Analyzing Subjective Comparisons

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-25

error term. 1 For this model, the total sum of squares ( SSTO ), defined as n 2 SSTO = E (yi y) i=1 can be partitioned into error and regression sums...of the regression line around the mean value. Mathematically, for the model given by equation A.4, SSTO = SSE + SSR (A.6) A-4 where SSTO is the total...sum of squares (i.e., the variance of the yi’s), SSE is error sum of squares, and SSR is the regression sum of squares. SSTO , SSE, and SSR are given

Evaluation of the DoD Safety Program: DoD Guard & Reserve Safety Survey

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-12

Alexandria,VA,22350-1500 8 . PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S... 8 -98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 hot line D E PA R T M E N T O F D E F E N S E To report fraud, waste, mismanagement, and abuse of authority...Results 2007 Table 1 Percentile Scores, Percent Distribution of Responses, and Average Response Scores - 8 - sse oe LP oe sse SP LP SSA sse

What many years of tremor reveals about the Mexican Sweet Spot

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Husker, A. L.; Avila, L.; Gonzalez, G.; Frank, W.; Kostoglodov, V.

2017-12-01

Different temporary seismic deployments have detected and located tectonic tremor in Mexico. These different temporary studies have lasted for a maximum of a few years. However, the long-term SSE's occur every 4 years. The permanent network is too sparse to locate SSEs, however one station is located in the main tremor region and has very low noise. We use spectral detection to create a catalog from its installation in March 2009 to the present. The catalog corresponds with the catalog determined during the temporary GGAP seismic network deployment, which gives us confidence that the single station detection works. Two separate large long term SSEs (2009-2010 and 2014) occur in this time span. We find a good correlation between the tremor and slip at the beginning of the SSEs. However, we find differences in both in the later stages of the SSEs. The 2009-2010 SSE appeared to be ending towards the end of 2009, however it was reactivated by the Feb. 27, 2010 M8.8 Chilean earthquake. The tremor showed a small many day burst (similar to other bursts) associated with the earthquake, but did not resume the high continuous tremor rate associated with the beginning of the SSE or seen during other large SSEs. The tremor rate at the end of the 2014 SSE stayed high for many months after the SSE and did not return to the background inter-SSE rate until the middle of 2015, about 6 months after the SSE ended. The background tremor rate is roughly 1 hour/day and remains constant over the entire period. This rate is actually comprised of many bursts that can last for up to 2 weeks with up to 80 hours of tremor during that time. The very constant long-term tremor rate made up of bursts can be explained by a simple stick-slip model.

Detection of Shallow Slow Slip events on the Northern Hikurangi Margin using Ocean Bottom Pressure Recorders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muramoto, T.; Ito, Y.; Inazu, D.; Henrys, S. A.; Wallace, L.; Bannister, S. C.; Mochizuki, K.; Hino, R.; Suzuki, S.

2016-12-01

The Pacific Plate subducts westward beneath the eastern North Island of New Zealand along the Hikurangi Trough at 3 to 6 cm per year. Slow slip events (SSE) occur at the northern Hikurangi margin, offshore Gisborne, New Zealand, every 18 to 24 months (Wallace et al., 2010). Recently, the SSEs have been observed by offshore ocean bottom pressure recorders (OBPR) as well as on the onshore c-GPS network (www.geonet.org.nz). OBPR data spanning from May 2014 to June 2015 show that a SSE which occurred in September-October 2014 possibly extended updip to the trench. The best-fitting slip model for that SSE reveals the major slip (10 to 20 cm slip) was focused between 7 and 4 km depth (Wallace et al., 2016). Here we report on the OBPR data from June 2015 to June 2016, covering a time period where onshore-c-GPS stations observed at least one SSE in early June 2016, just before the offshore OBPR instruments were recovered. In addition, a small SSE may also have been observed in August and October 2015. In order to precisely evaluate the crustal deformation using OBPR, we need to correct other components in the OBPR. Ocean tides were primarily estimated using BAYTAP-G (Tamura et al. 1991). Non-tial components were calculated and removed using a numerical ocean model forced by air pressure and wind on the sea surface (Inazu et al. 2012). Finally, we take the difference between the corrected OBPR at two observation points. Comparing the OBPR data to onshore c-GPS data, we detect the vertical deformation due to the SSE. We also identify whether other possible SSEs occur near the trench, which were not observed by onshore c-GPS sites. Our rolling network of OBPR provides a feasible method of detecting shallow SSE events and recovery of the frictional conditions on the plate interface near the trench.

The NANOGrav 11 Year Data Set: Pulsar-timing Constraints on the Stochastic Gravitational-wave Background

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arzoumanian, Z.; Baker, P. T.; Brazier, A.; Burke-Spolaor, S.; Chamberlin, S. J.; Chatterjee, S.; Christy, B.; Cordes, J. M.; Cornish, N. J.; Crawford, F.; Thankful Cromartie, H.; Crowter, K.; DeCesar, M.; Demorest, P. B.; Dolch, T.; Ellis, J. A.; Ferdman, R. D.; Ferrara, E.; Folkner, W. M.; Fonseca, E.; Garver-Daniels, N.; Gentile, P. A.; Haas, R.; Hazboun, J. S.; Huerta, E. A.; Islo, K.; Jones, G.; Jones, M. L.; Kaplan, D. L.; Kaspi, V. M.; Lam, M. T.; Lazio, T. J. W.; Levin, L.; Lommen, A. N.; Lorimer, D. R.; Luo, J.; Lynch, R. S.; Madison, D. R.; McLaughlin, M. A.; McWilliams, S. T.; Mingarelli, C. M. F.; Ng, C.; Nice, D. J.; Park, R. S.; Pennucci, T. T.; Pol, N. S.; Ransom, S. M.; Ray, P. S.; Rasskazov, A.; Siemens, X.; Simon, J.; Spiewak, R.; Stairs, I. H.; Stinebring, D. R.; Stovall, K.; Swiggum, J.; Taylor, S. R.; Vallisneri, M.; van Haasteren, R.; Vigeland, S.; Zhu, W. W.; The NANOGrav Collaboration

2018-05-01

We search for an isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) in the newly released 11 year data set from the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav). While we find no evidence for a GWB, we place constraints on a population of inspiraling supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries, a network of decaying cosmic strings, and a primordial GWB. For the first time, we find that the GWB constraints are sensitive to the solar system ephemeris (SSE) model used and that SSE errors can mimic a GWB signal. We developed an approach that bridges systematic SSE differences, producing the first pulsar-timing array (PTA) constraints that are robust against SSE errors. We thus place a 95% upper limit on the GW-strain amplitude of A GWB < 1.45 × 10‑15 at a frequency of f = 1 yr‑1 for a fiducial f ‑2/3 power-law spectrum and with interpulsar correlations modeled. This is a factor of ∼2 improvement over the NANOGrav nine-year limit calculated using the same procedure. Previous PTA upper limits on the GWB (as well as their astrophysical and cosmological interpretations) will need revision in light of SSE systematic errors. We use our constraints to characterize the combined influence on the GWB of the stellar mass density in galactic cores, the eccentricity of SMBH binaries, and SMBH–galactic-bulge scaling relationships. We constrain the cosmic-string tension using recent simulations, yielding an SSE-marginalized 95% upper limit of Gμ < 5.3 × 10‑11—a factor of ∼2 better than the published NANOGrav nine-year constraints. Our SSE-marginalized 95% upper limit on the energy density of a primordial GWB (for a radiation-dominated post-inflation universe) is ΩGWB(f) h 2 < 3.4 × 10‑10.

Generation of spin currents from one-dimensional quantum spin liquid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hirobe, Daichi; Kawamata, Takayuki; Oyanagi, Koichi; Koike, Yoji; Saitoh, Eiji

2018-03-01

Spin-Seebeck effects (SSEs) in a one-dimensional quantum spin liquid (QSL) system have been investigated in a Sr2CuO3/Pt hybrid structure. Sr2CuO3 contains one-dimensional spin- /1 2 chains in which typical spinons in QSL have been confirmed. Heat-induced voltage measured in a clean Pt/Sr2CuO3 exhibits anomalous sign reversal with decreasing temperature, the negative component of which can be attributed to the spinon-induced SSE. However, the SSE was found to be critically decreased upon the exposure of Sr2CuO3 to air, which can be associated with the chemical degradation of the interface of Sr2CuO3. Despite the drastic change in the SSE signals, properties of the one-dimensional QSL are little changed in the spin susceptibility as well as the thermal conductivity of Sr2CuO3. The SSE signal is also sensitive to the purity of Sr2CuO3; it is suppressed with a decrease in the purity of the primary compounds of the Sr2CuO3. The result indicates that the spinon-induced SSE in Sr2CuO3 is sensitive to the bulk condition due to the one-dimensional atomic channel for spin transport in Sr2CuO3. In a carefully prepared Sr2CuO3/Pt sample, we found that the spinon-induced SSE signal is tolerant to magnetic fields; it increases linearly with the field even up to 9 T. In contrast, SSEs are suppressed under such a high field in ferrimagnetic insulators Y3Fe5O12 or paramagnetic insulators Gd3Ga5O12, which is caused by the Zeeman gap in the spin-wave or paramagnetic spin excitations. The robustness of the spinon-induced SSE is consistent with the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theories.

SSE Temporarily Unavailable

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2013-09-08

... SSE, POWER, and MY NASA DATA websites are public domain and free of charge. You may use them in your research, publications, and ... dataset -> Atmosphere -> Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy . Here you can select the Monthly or Annual values for various ...

Application of Radial Basis Functional Link Networks to Exploration for Proterozoic Mineral Deposits in Central Iran

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Behnia, Pouran

2007-06-15

The metallogeny of Central Iran is characterized mainly by the presence of several iron, apatite, and uranium deposits of Proterozoic age. Radial Basis Function Link Networks (RBFLN) were used as a data-driven method for GIS-based predictive mapping of Proterozoic mineralization in this area. To generate the input data for RBFLN, the evidential maps comprising stratigraphic, structural, geophysical, and geochemical data were used. Fifty-eight deposits and 58 'nondeposits' were used to train the network. The operations for the application of neural networks employed in this study involve both multiclass and binary representation of evidential maps. Running RBFLN on different input datamore » showed that an increase in the number of evidential maps and classes leads to a larger classification sum of squared error (SSE). As a whole, an increase in the number of iterations resulted in the improvement of training SSE. The results of applying RBFLN showed that a successful classification depends on the existence of spatially well distributed deposits and nondeposits throughout the study area.« less

Lead-Sulfide-Selenide Quantum Dots and Gold-Copper Alloy Nanoparticles Augment the Light-Harvesting Ability of Solar Cells.

PubMed

Das, Aparajita; Deepa, Melepurath; Ghosal, Partha

2017-04-05

Lead-sulfide-selenide (PbSSe) quantum dots (QDs) and gold-copper (AuCu) alloy nanoparticles (NPs) were incorporated into a cadmium sulfide (CdS)/titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) photoanode for the first time to achieve enhanced conversion of solar energy into electricity. PbSSe QDs with a band gap of 1.02 eV extend the light-harvesting range of the photoanode from the visible region to the near-infrared region. The conduction band (CB) edge of the PbSSe QDs is wedged between the CBs of TiO 2 and CdS; this additional level coupled with the good electrical conductivity of the dots facilitate charge transport and collection, and a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.44 % is achieved for the champion cell with the TiO 2 /PbSSe/CdS electrode. Upon including AuCu alloy NPs in the QD-sensitized electrodes, light absorption is enhance by plasmonic and light-scattering effects and also by the injection of hot electrons to the CBs of the QDs. Comparison of the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency enhancement factors in addition to fluorescence decay and impedance studies reveal that the PbSSe QDs and AuCu alloy NPs promote charge injection to the current collector and increase the photogenerated charges produced, which thus enables the TiO 2 /PbSSe/CdS/AuCu cell to deliver the highest PCE of 5.26 % among all the various photoanode compositions used. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Sequence of slow slip events and low frequency earthquakes in the shallow part of the Nankai Trough seismogenic zone observed by seafloor observation network.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Araki, E.; Saffer, D. M.; Kopf, A.; To, A.; Ide, S.; Nakano, M.; Kimura, T.; Machida, Y.

2016-12-01

Seismic behavior of the thrust zone in trench side of the seismically coupled plate interface in the Nankai Trough is poorly understood because shore based seismic and geodetic observation does not have enough sensitivity to detect slow activity in the area. In these years, we constructed dense seafloor observation network in combination with pore-fluid pressure, strain, and seismic sensing in IODP deep boreholes (C0002G and C0010A) and 20+ seafloor broadband seismometers cabled to the observation network called DONET for long-term continuous observation in the To-Nankai area of the Nankai Trough, south of Japan. Analysis of the seismic records from DONET seafloor seismometer and pore-fluid pressure records from the boreholes in the period from Jan. 2011 to Apr. 2016 revealed the activities of the slow slip events (SSE), low frequency tremor (LFT), and very low frequency earthquakes (VLFE) in the observation network, detecting seven sequence of pore-fluid pressure transients in these boreholes representing SSEs and many LFT and VLFEs from seismic records. Some of the SSE sequence accompanies active LFT swarms in the regions offshore of the locked seismogenic zone. Some of the pressure transient initiate precedent to the LFT swarms, as well as some does not accompany obvious LFT activity, as if the SSE occurs "silently", suggesting LFT does not express SSE but LFT seems activated by the SSE. This is also supported by change of SSE pressure transient rate in accordance with LFT activity, observed in sequences in Mar. 2011, Oct. 2015, and April 2016. In the Oct. 2015 sequence, observed pressure transient in two boreholes indicates the slip propagates updip in the shallow subduction zone. In many sequences including this sequence, we ientify that the LFT swarm tends to migrate updip direction. The pressure transient in Apr. 2016 also followed this tendency, initiating from co-seismic compression by Apr. 1 earthquake occurred downdip side of the boreholes, followed by further compression due to the after slip, and slow release of the pressure suggesting SSE along with very active LFT and VLFE activities migrating offshore direction in the following two weeks period. The SSE seemed further activated by teleseismic events Kumamoto earthquake in Apr. 17.

Using Deep Slow Slip in New Zealand to Constrain Slip Partitioning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bartlow, N. M.; Wallace, L. M.

2016-12-01

Underneath New Zealand's North Island, the Pacific plate subducts obliquely beneath the Australian plate. Just to the south, subduction ceases and the plate boundary transitions to the mainly strike-slip, steeply dipping Alpine fault that runs along the South Island. In the region of the southern North Island, the relative plate motion has significant components of both convergence and along strike motion, and slip is partitioned between the main Hikurangi subduction interface and a series of shallower strike-slip faults running thurough the North Island (Wallace and Beavan, GRL, 2010). This region also hosts deep ( 50 km), long duration ( 1 year) slow slip events (SSEs). From early 2013 to early 2016, continuous GPS stations maintained by GeoNet in this region recorded two such deep SSEs on the Hikurangi megathrust. The first SSE occurred on the Kapiti patch, just southwest of the North Island coast. SSEs previous occurred here in 2003 and 2008 (Wallace and Beavan, JGR, 2010). The 2014 Kapiti SSE is unique because it was rapidly decelerated following increased normal stress (clamping) caused by a nearby M 6.3 earthquake (Wallace et al., GRL, 2014). However, GPS data indicates that slip did not stop entirely, and soon after the Manawatu slow slip patch just to the northeast ruptured in another SSE. This patch previously had large SSEs in 2004/2005 and 2010/2011. Given the previous repeat interval of 5.5 years, the 2014/2015 Manawatu SSE is early; however, the record is very short. Here we show Network Inversion Filter derived models of slow slip for the various phases of the Kapiti and Manawatu SSEs, which indicate a possible continuous migration of slip from the Kapiti SSE patch to the Manawatu SSE patch, and we quantify the shear stress increase on the Manawatu patch after the Kapiti SSE. Additionally, we explore allowing the Network Inversion Filter to vary the direction of slip on the plate interface to better fit the data. We estimate how much of the strike-slip and dip-slip components of the relative plate motion are being accommodated by the main thrust interface, and infer how much slip is being accommodated by the strike-slip faults and forearc rotation. We compare our results to those from prior block models of inter-SSE data (Wallace et al., G3, 2009) and explore the implications for seismic hazard assessment in this region.

An Application of Interactive Computer Graphics to the Study of Inferential Statistics and the General Linear Model

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-01

matrix, the Regression Sum of Squares (SSR) and Error Sum of Squares (SSE) are also displayed as a percentage of the Total Sum of Squares ( SSTO ...vector when the student compares the SSR to the SSE. In addition to the plot, the actual values of SSR, SSE, and SSTO are also provided. Figure 3 gives the...Es ainSpace = E 3 Error- Eor Space =n t! L . Pro~cio q Yonto Pro~rct on of Y onto the simaton, pac ror Space SSR SSEL0.20 IV = 14,1 +IErrorI 2 SSTO

Replacement of SSE with NASA's POWER Announcement

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-06-11

... this letter because you registered to download data from the NASA’s S urface meteorology and S olar E nergy (SSE) Data Archive ... with the new data web portal at https://power.larc.nasa.gov with improved solar and meteorology data and greatly enhanced ...

Synthesis and evaluation of modified chalcone based p53 stabilizing agents.

PubMed

Iftikhar, Sunniya; Khan, Sardraz; Bilal, Aishah; Manzoor, Safia; Abdullah, Muhammad; Emwas, Abdel-Hamid; Sioud, Salim; Gao, Xin; Chotana, Ghayoor Abbas; Faisal, Amir; Saleem, Rahman Shah Zaib

2017-09-01

Tumor suppressor protein p53 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in response to various cellular stresses thereby preventing cancer development. Activation and stabilization of p53 through small organic molecules is, therefore, an attractive approach for the treatment of cancers retaining wild-type p53. In this context, a series of nineteen chalcones with various substitution patterns of functional groups including chloro, fluoro, methoxy, nitro, benzyloxy, 4-methyl benzyloxy was prepared using Claisen-Schmidt condensation. The compounds were characterized using NMR, HRMS, IR and melting points. Evaluation of synthesized compounds against human colorectal (HCT116) and breast (CAL-51) cancer cell lines revealed potent antiproliferative activities. Nine compounds displayed GI 50 values in the low micromolar to submicromolar range; for example (E)-1-phenyl-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (SSE14108) showed GI 50 of 0.473±0.043µM against HCT116 cells. Further analysis of these compounds revealed that (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (SSE14105) and (E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (SSE14106) caused rapid (4 and 8-h post-treatment) accumulation of p53 in HCT116 cells similar to its induction by positive control, Nutlin-3. Such activities were absent in 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propiophenone (SSE14106H2) demonstrating the importance of conjugated ketone for antiproliferative and p53 stabilizing activity of the chalcones. We further evaluated p53 levels in the presence of cycloheximide (CHX) and the results showed that the p53 stabilization was regulated at post-translational level through blockage of its degradation. These chalcones can, therefore, act as fragment leads for further structure optimization to obtain more potent p53 stabilizing agents with enhanced anti-proliferative activities. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparison of effectiveness and safety of treatment with apixaban vs. other oral anticoagulants among elderly nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients.

PubMed

Deitelzweig, Steven; Luo, Xuemei; Gupta, Kiran; Trocio, Jeffrey; Mardekian, Jack; Curtice, Tammy; Lingohr-Smith, Melissa; Menges, Brandy; Lin, Jay

2017-10-01

To compare the risk of stroke/systemic embolism (S/SE) and major bleeding (MB) of elderly (≥65 years of age) nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients initiating apixaban vs. rivaroxaban, dabigatran, or warfarin. NVAF patients with Medicare Advantage coverage in the US initiating oral anticoagulants (OACs, index event) were identified from the Humana database (1 January 2013-30 September 2015) and grouped into cohorts depending on OAC initiated. Propensity score matching (PSM), 1:1, was conducted among patients treated with apixaban vs. each other OAC, separately. Rates of S/SE and MB were evaluated in the follow-up. Cox regressions were used to compare the risk of S/SE and MB between apixaban and each of the other OACs during the follow-up. The matched pairs of apixaban vs. rivaroxaban (n = 13,620), apixaban vs. dabigatran (n = 4654), and apixaban vs. warfarin (n = 14,214) were well balanced for key patient characteristics. Adjusted risks for S/SE (hazard ratio [HR] vs. rivaroxaban: 0.72, p = .003; vs. warfarin: 0.65, p < .001) and MB (HR vs. rivaroxaban: 0.49, p < .001; vs. warfarin: 0.53, p < .001) were significantly lower during the follow-up for patients treated with apixaban vs. rivaroxaban and warfarin. Adjusted risks for S/SE (HR: 0.78, p = .27) and MB (HR: 0.82, p = .23) of NVAF patients treated with apixaban vs. dabigatran trended to be lower, but did not reach statistical significance. In the real-world setting after controlling for differences in patient characteristics, apixaban is associated with significantly lower risk of S/SE and MB than rivaroxaban and warfarin, and a trend towards better outcomes vs. dabigatran among elderly NVAF patients in the US.

Shallow very-low-frequency earthquakes accompanied with slow slip event along the plate boundary of the Nankai trough

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakano, M.; Hori, T.; Araki, E.; Kodaira, S.; Ide, S.

2017-12-01

Recent improvements of seismic and geodetic observations have revealed the existence of a new family of slow earthquakes occurring along or close to the plate boundary worldwide. In the viewpoint of the characteristic time scales, the slow earthquakes can be classified into several groups as low-frequency tremor or tectonic tremor (LFT) dominated in several hertz, very-low-frequency earthquake (VLFE) dominated in 10 to 100 s, and short- and long-term slow-slip event (SSE) with durations of days to years. In many cases, these slow earthquakes are accompanied with other types of slow events. However, the events occurring offshore, especially beneath the toe of accretionary prism, are poorly understood because of the difficulty to detect signals. Utilizing the data captured from oceanfloor observation networks which many efforts have recently been taken to develop is necessary to improve our understandings for these events. Here, we investigated CMT analysis of shallow VLFEs using data obtained from DONET oceanfloor observation networks along the Nankai trough, southwest of Japan. We found that shallow VLFEs have almost identical history of moment release with that of synchronous SSE which occurred at the same region recently found by Araki et al. (2017). VLFE sources show updip migrations during the activity, coincident with the migration of SSE source. From these findings we conclude that these slow events share the same fault slip, and VLFE represent high-frequency fluctuations of slip during SSE. This result imply that shallow SSE along the plate interface would have occurred in the background during the shallow VLFE activities repeatedly observed along the Nankai trough, but the SSE was not reported because of difficult detections.

Antilipogenic and hypolipidemic effects of ethanol extracts from two variants of Artemisia princeps Pampanini in obese diabetic mice.

PubMed

Jung, Un Ju; Baek, Nam-In; Chung, Hae-Gon; Jeong, Tae-Sook; Lee, Kyung Tae; Lee, Mi-Kyung; Choi, Myung-Sook

2009-12-01

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the ethanol extract of two variants of Artemisia princeps Pampanini, Sajabalssuk (SB) and Sajuarissuk (SS), on lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic animals. Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were divided into control, SB ethanol extract (SBE) (0.171 g/100 g of diet), SS ethanol extract (SSE) (0.154 g/100 g of diet), and rosiglitazone (RG) (0.005 g/100 g of diet) groups. Supplementation of SBE and SSE significantly lowered the plasma levels of free fatty acid, triglyceride, and total cholesterol compared to the control group. The hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol contents and hepatic lipid droplets accumulation were also significantly lower in the SBE- and SSE-supplemented db/db mice than in the control or RG-supplemented db/db mice. Reductions of hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol contents in the SBE and SSE groups were related to the suppression of hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities, fatty acid synthesis (fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme), triglyceride synthesis (phosphatidate phosphohydrolase), and cholesterol synthesis (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase) and esterification (acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase). The RG supplement lowered plasma and hepatic lipid levels compared to the control group. However, RG significantly increased the white and brown adipose tissue weight and epididymal adipocyte size, whereas SBE and SSE lowered the brown adipose tissue weight and epididymal adipocyte size compared to the RG group. Together, these data suggest that supplementation of SBE and SSE partly improves lipid dysregulation and fatty liver in db/db mice by suppressing hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities.

Charactering baseline shift with 4th polynomial function for portable biomedical near-infrared spectroscopy device

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Ke; Ji, Yaoyao; Pan, Boan; Li, Ting

2018-02-01

The continuous-wave Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) devices have been highlighted for its clinical and health care applications in noninvasive hemodynamic measurements. The baseline shift of the deviation measurement attracts lots of attentions for its clinical importance. Nonetheless current published methods have low reliability or high variability. In this study, we found a perfect polynomial fitting function for baseline removal, using NIRS. Unlike previous studies on baseline correction for near-infrared spectroscopy evaluation of non-hemodynamic particles, we focused on baseline fitting and corresponding correction method for NIRS and found that the polynomial fitting function at 4th order is greater than the function at 2nd order reported in previous research. Through experimental tests of hemodynamic parameters of the solid phantom, we compared the fitting effect between the 4th order polynomial and the 2nd order polynomial, by recording and analyzing the R values and the SSE (the sum of squares due to error) values. The R values of the 4th order polynomial function fitting are all higher than 0.99, which are significantly higher than the corresponding ones of 2nd order, while the SSE values of the 4th order are significantly smaller than the corresponding ones of the 2nd order. By using the high-reliable and low-variable 4th order polynomial fitting function, we are able to remove the baseline online to obtain more accurate NIRS measurements.

Shallow repeating slow-slip-events along the convergent block boundary in northern Hokkaido, Japan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ikeda, S.; Heki, K.; Kimura, T.

2015-12-01

The Japanese Islands are divided into several crustal blocks [e.g. Loveless and Meade, 2010 JGR]. In the Northern Hokkaido, the boundary between the Amurian and the North American Plates run north-south between 44.0N and 45.4N. The east-west block convergence is considered to be as fast as ~1 cm/year there, but few large earthquakes are known to have occurred along this boundary. Recently, a slow slip event (SSE) is reported to have occurred in a segment at ~45.0N over a 4 months period from 2012 summer to the early 2013 [Ohzono et al., 2014 GJI]. The maximum surface movements was about 15 mm, and the moment magnitude of the SSE would not exceed 6.0 (fault slip is estimated as 10 cm). This suggests that plate convergence takes place as episodic SSEs in this block boundary. In this research, we looked for signatures of repeating SSEs along this block boundary using continuous GNSS data of the dense array GEONET in Japan. In order to detect faint signatures of SSEs in the coordinate time series, we adopted the method using AIC (Akaike's Information Criterion) similar to Nishimura et al. [2013 JGR] and Nishimura [2014 PEPS]. As a result, we were able to find numbers of SSE signals in various segments along the boundary. The detected SSEs are all fairly small, and surface movements did not exceed a few millimeters (except the 2012-2013 SSE reported in Ohzono et al. [2014]). We also searched earthquakes that may have triggered these SSEs. Although the 2012 SSE seems to have been triggered by a deep earthquake beneath Sakhalin on Aug. 14, 2012, no clear triggering earthquakes were identified for other SSEs. SSEs in subduction zones are known to recur fairly regularly, e.g. biannually repeating SSE in the SW part of the Ryukyu Arc [Heki and Kataoka, 2008 JGR]. However, shallow SSEs along the block boundary in the northern Hokkaido did not show such regular occurrences. We plan to confirm these SSE occurrences by comparing GNSS data with the Hi-Net tiltmeter records.

Absence of anomalous Nernst effect in spin Seebeck effect of Pt/YIG

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Miao, B. F., E-mail: bfmiao@nju.edu.cn; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Huang, S. Y.

2016-01-15

The Pt/YIG structure has been widely used to study spin Seebeck effect (SSE), inverse spin Hall effect, and other pure spin current phenomena. However, the magnetic proximity effect in Pt when in contact with YIG, and the potential anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) may compromise the spin current phenomena in Pt/YIG. By inserting a Cu layer of various thicknesses between Pt and YIG, we have separated the signals from the SSE and that of the ANE. It is demonstrated that the thermal voltage in Pt/YIG mainly comes from spin current due to the longitudinal SSE with negligible contribution from the ANE.

Influence of Quality of Relationship Between Patient With Melanoma and Partner on Partner-Assisted Skin Examination Education: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

PubMed

Hultgren, Brittney A; Turrisi, Rob; Mallett, Kimberly A; Ackerman, Sarah; Robinson, June K

2016-02-01

Melanoma has a high survival rate if it is detected early. Training patients with early-stage melanoma who are at risk of developing new melanomas to perform skin self-examination (SSE) may improve survival. To examine for whom the intervention works best in a sample composed of dyads of patients with melanoma and skin-check partners who received an SSE intervention vs customary care. For 494 patients with stage 0 to IIB melanoma (mean age, 55 years; 253 [51.2%] females) and their skin-check partners (mean age, 55 years; 280 [56.7%] females), a randomized clinical trial was conducted in ambulatory care dermatologic offices from June 6, 2011, to April 14, 2014. Follow-up assessments were performed at 12 months. Analysis was performed between March 23 and June 25, 2015. Dyads of 494 patients and their partners were randomly assigned to receive the intervention (395 patients) or customary care (control) (99 patients). The main outcome was patient SSE self-efficacy. Partner motivation to assist with SSE and relationship quality (eg, agreeability, activities with partner, and happiness) were assessed for moderation of the influence of the intervention's effect on SSE self-efficacy. Relationship quality, defined by activities with the partner (β = -0.892, SE = 0.432, t = -2.066; P = .001) and happiness (β = -4.586, SE = 2.044, t = -2.24; P = .001), significantly moderated the intervention effects on patients' SSE self-efficacy. In contrast, patient-partner agreeability (β = -0.262, SE = 0.148, t = -1.773; P = .09) and partner motivation (β = -0.328, SE = 1.024, t = -0.320; P = .10) did not significantly moderate the intervention effects on patients' SSE self-efficacy. Differences between the conditions were highest when activities performed with the partner were below average (mean difference, 6.652; P = .001) and when happiness was below average (mean difference, 7.000; P = .001). Although everyone receiving the intervention experienced some benefit, the findings indicate the greatest increases in self-efficacy were observed for those with below-average activities performed with the partner and happiness. The training of patients with melanoma and their partners in early-detection SSE benefited some more than others. Pairs who have low relationship quality, as determined by activities performed with the partner and happiness, may have received the greatest benefits from the training intervention because they were given an activity to perform together. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01432860.

Equivalences between nonuniform exponential dichotomy and admissibility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Linfeng; Lu, Kening; Zhang, Weinian

2017-01-01

Relationship between exponential dichotomies and admissibility of function classes is a significant problem for hyperbolic dynamical systems. It was proved that a nonuniform exponential dichotomy implies several admissible pairs of function classes and conversely some admissible pairs were found to imply a nonuniform exponential dichotomy. In this paper we find an appropriate admissible pair of classes of Lyapunov bounded functions which is equivalent to the existence of nonuniform exponential dichotomy on half-lines R± separately, on both half-lines R± simultaneously, and on the whole line R. Additionally, the maximal admissibility is proved in the case on both half-lines R± simultaneously.

Graphical analysis for gel morphology II. New mathematical approach for stretched exponential function with β>1

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hashimoto, Chihiro; Panizza, Pascal; Rouch, Jacques; Ushiki, Hideharu

2005-10-01

A new analytical concept is applied to the kinetics of the shrinking process of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) gels. When PNIPA gels are put into hot water above the critical temperature, two-step shrinking is observed and the secondary shrinking of gels is fitted well by a stretched exponential function. The exponent β characterizing the stretched exponential is always higher than one, although there are few analytical concepts for the stretched exponential function with β>1. As a new interpretation for this function, we propose a superposition of step (Heaviside) function and a new distribution function of characteristic time is deduced.

Single-Sex Education in Public School Settings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crawford-Ferre, Heather Glynn; Wiest, Lynda R.

2013-01-01

Although researchers have studied the effectiveness of single-sex education (SSE), the findings have been mixed. This exploratory study reports the perceived goals and effectiveness of single-sex education based on interviews with a small group of educators involved with SSE in various ways. Research participants included a school principal and…

3D visualization of solar wind ion data from the Chang'E-1 exploration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Tian; Sun, Yankui; Tang, Zesheng

2011-10-01

Chang'E-1 (abbreviation CE-1), China's first Moon-orbiting spacecraft launched in 2007, carried equipment called the Solar Wind Ion Detector (abbreviation SWID), which sent back tens of gigabytes of solar wind ion differential number flux data. These data are essential for furthering our understanding of the cislunar space environment. However, to fully comprehend and analyze these data presents considerable difficulties, not only because of their huge size (57 GB), but also because of their complexity. Therefore, a new 3D visualization method is developed to give a more intuitive representation than traditional 1D and 2D visualizations, and in particular to offer a better indication of the direction of the incident ion differential number flux and the relative spatial position of CE-1 with respect to the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon. First, a coordinate system named Selenocentric Solar Ecliptic (SSE) which is more suitable for our goal is chosen, and solar wind ion differential number flux vectors in SSE are calculated from Geocentric Solar Ecliptic System (GSE) and Moon Center Coordinate (MCC) coordinates of the spacecraft, and then the ion differential number flux distribution in SSE is visualized in 3D space. This visualization method is integrated into an interactive visualization analysis software tool named vtSWIDs, developed in MATLAB, which enables researchers to browse through numerous records and manipulate the visualization results in real time. The tool also provides some useful statistical analysis functions, and can be easily expanded.

Absence of anomalous Nernst effect in spin Seebeck effect of Pt/YIG

DOE PAGES

Miao, B. F.; Huang, S. Y.; Qu, D.; ...

2016-01-29

The Pt/YIG structure has been widely used to study spin Seebeck effect (SSE), inverse spin Hall effect, and other pure spin current phenomena. However, the magnetic proximity effect in Pt when in contact with YIG, and the potential anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) may compromise the spin current phenomena in Pt/YIG. By inserting a Cu layer of various thicknesses between Pt and YIG, we have separated the signals from the SSE and that of the ANE. Here, it is demonstrated that the thermal voltage in Pt/YIG mainly comes from spin current due to the longitudinal SSE with negligible contribution from themore » ANE.« less

Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) Data Release 5.1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stackhouse, Paul W. (Principal Investigator)

The Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) data set contains over 200 parameters formulated for assessing and designing renewable energy systems.The SSE data set is formulated from NASA satellite- and reanalysis-derived insolation and meteorological data for the 10-year period July 1983 through June 1993. Results are provided for 1 degree latitude by 1 degree longitude grid cells over the globe. Average daily and monthly measurements for 1195 World Radiation Data Centre ground sites are also available. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1983-07-01; Stop_Date=1993-06-30] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=1 degree; Longitude_Resolution=1 degree].

Applied Space Systems Engineering. Chapter 17; Manage Technical Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kent, Peter

2008-01-01

Effective space systems engineering (SSE) is conducted in a fully electronic manner. Competitive hardware, software, and system designs are created in a totally digital environment that enables rapid product design and manufacturing cycles, as well as a multitude of techniques such as modeling, simulation, and lean manufacturing that significantly reduce the lifecycle cost of systems. Because the SSE lifecycle depends on the digital environment, managing the enormous volumes of technical data needed to describe, build, deploy, and operate systems is a critical factor in the success of a project. This chapter presents the key aspects of Technical Data Management (TDM) within the SSE process. It is written from the perspective of the System Engineer tasked with establishing the TDM process and infrastructure for a major project. Additional perspectives are reflected from the point of view of the engineers on the project who work within the digital engineering environment established by the TDM toolset and infrastructure, and from the point of view of the contactors who interface via the TDM infrastructure. Table 17.1 lists the TDM process as it relates to SSE.

Annealing-temperature-dependent voltage-sign reversal in all-oxide spin Seebeck devices using RuO2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kirihara, Akihiro; Ishida, Masahiko; Yuge, Ryota; Ihara, Kazuki; Iwasaki, Yuma; Sawada, Ryohto; Someya, Hiroko; Iguchi, Ryo; Uchida, Ken-ichi; Saitoh, Eiji; Yorozu, Shinichi

2018-04-01

Thermoelectric converters based on the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) have attracted great attention due to their potential to offer novel applications such as energy harvesting and heat-flow sensing. For converting a SSE-induced spin current into an electric current, a transition metal film such as Pt, which exhibits large inverse spin-Hall effect (ISHE), has been typically used. In this work, we show an all-oxide SSE device using ruthenium oxide (RuO2) as a conductive film. We found that both the sign and magnitude of the SSE-induced ISHE voltage V appearing in the RuO2 film changes depending on the post annealing temperature, and that the magnitude can become larger than that of a standard SSE device using Pt. The similar sign change was also observed in Hall-resistance measurements of the RuO2 films. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra of as-deposited and annealed RuO2 revealed that the annealing process substantially improved the long-range crystalline order in RuO2. This suggests that change in the crystalline order may modify the dominant ISHE mechanism or electronic states in RuO2, leading to the sign reversal of V as well as the Hall coefficient. Our result demonstrates that RuO2 is an interesting material not only as a practical ISHE film but also as a testbed to study physics of spin-to-charge converters that depend on their crystalline order.

Time-resolved optical studies of wide-gap II-VI semiconductor heterostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Hong

ZnSe and ZnSe-based quantum well and superlattice structures are potential candidates for light emitting devices and other optical devices such as switches and modulators working in the blue-green wavelength range. Carrier dynamics studies of these structures are important in evaluating device performance as well as understanding the underlying physical processes. In this thesis, a carrier dynamics investigation is conducted for temperature from 77K to 295K on CdZnSSe/ZnSSe single quantum well structure (SQW) and ZnSe/ZnSTe superlattice fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Two experimental techniques with femtosecond time resolution are used in this work: up-conversion technique for time- resolved photoluminescence (PL) and pump-probe technique for time-resolved differential absorption studies. For both heterostructures, the radiative recombination is dominated by exciton transition due to the large exciton binding energy as a result of quantum confinement effect. The measured decay time of free exciton PL in CdZnSSe/ZnSSe SQW increases linearly with increasing temperature which agrees with the theoretical prediction by considering the conservation of momentum requirement for radiative recombination. However, the recombination of free carriers is also observed in CdZnSSe/ZnSSe SQW for the whole temperature range studied. On the other hand, in ZnSe/ZnSTe superlattice structures, the non- radiative recombination processes are non-negligible even at 77K and become more important in higher temperature range. The relaxation processes such as spectral hole burning, carrier thermalization and hot-carrier cooling are observed in ZnSe/ZnSTe superlattices at room temperature (295K) by the femtosecond pump-probe measurements. A rapid cooling of the thermalized hot- carrier from 763K to 450K within 4ps is deduced. A large optical nonlinearity (i.e., the induced absorption change) around the heavy-hole exciton energy is also obtained.

Measuring Adolescent Social and Academic Self-Efficacy: Cross-Ethnic Validity of the SEQ-C

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minter, Anthony; Pritzker, Suzanne

2017-01-01

Objective: This study examines the psychometric strength, including cross-ethnic validity, of two subscales of Muris' Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children: Academic Self-Efficacy (ASE) and Social Self-Efficacy (SSE). Methods: A large ethnically diverse sample of 3,358 early and late adolescents completed surveys including the ASE and SSE.…

High Throughput Screen to Identify Novel Drugs that Inhibit Prostate Cancer Metastasis

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-10-01

mutants of the SSeCKS α promoter fused to luciferase reporter cassettes (left) were transiently expressed along with pRL-TK- renilla in either P69 or...DU145 cells, and the resulting luciferase activity was normalized to that of renilla activity. Figure 3. Semi quantitative RT-PCR of SSeCKS (either

75 FR 36455 - SSE Telecom, Inc., Strategic Alliance Group, Inc., (n/k/a CruiseCam International, Inc...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-25

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [File No. 500-1] SSE Telecom, Inc., Strategic Alliance Group, Inc., (n/k/a CruiseCam International, Inc.), Stratasec, Inc., Superfly Advertising, Inc. (f/k/a Morlex... Superfly Advertising, Inc. (f/k/a Morlex, Inc.) because it has not filed any periodic reports since the...

School Self-Evaluations and School Inspections in Europe: An Exploratory Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Janssens, Frans J. G.; van Amelsvoort, Gonnie H. W. C. H.

2008-01-01

This article presents the results of an exploratory study into the effects of School Self-Evaluation (SSE) used by eight Education Inspectorates in seven European countries. This study reveals that in the countries where SSE is strongly incorporated into the school inspection system, there is a rather substantial degree of steering by the…

School Self-Evaluation Instruments and Cognitive Validity. Do Items Capture What They Intend to?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Faddar, Jerich; Vanhoof, Jan; De Maeyer, Sven

2017-01-01

School self-evaluation (SSE) often makes use of questionnaires in order to sketch a picture of the school. How respondents cognitively process questionnaire items determines the validity of SSE results. Still, one readily assumes that respondents interpret and answer items as intended by the instrument developer (referred to as cognitive…

Self-Efficacy and Comfort with Partner-Assisted Skin Examination in Patients Receiving Follow-Up Care for Melanoma

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DiMillo, J.; Brosseau, D. C.; Gomez-Garibello, C.; Hall, N. C.; Ezer, H.; Wang, B.; Körner, A.

2017-01-01

The objective of this study was to examine the role of interpersonal variables on melanoma survivors' self-efficacy for performing skin self-examinations (SSEs) during melanoma follow-up care. Specifically, the impact of comfort with partner assistance for SSE, SSE support received from one's partner, general partner support, relationship…

Role of damping in spin Seebeck effect in yttrium iron garnet thin films

PubMed Central

Chang, Houchen; Praveen Janantha, P. A.; Ding, Jinjun; Liu, Tao; Cline, Kevin; Gelfand, Joseph N.; Li, Wei; Marconi, Mario C.; Wu, Mingzhong

2017-01-01

The role of damping in the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) was studied experimentally for the first time. The experiments used Y3Fe5O12 (YIG)/Pt bilayered structures where the YIG films exhibit very similar structural and static magnetic properties but very different damping. The data show that a decrease in the damping gives rise to an increase in the SSE coefficient, which is qualitatively consistent with some of the theoretical models. This response also shows quasi-linear behavior, which was not predicted explicitly by previous studies. The data also indicate that the SSE coefficient shows no notable correlations with the enhanced damping due to spin pumping, which can be understood in the frame of two existing models. PMID:28435873

Magnetic anomalies northeast of Cape Adare, northern Victoria Land (Antarctica), and their relation to onshore structures

USGS Publications Warehouse

Damaske, D.; Läufer, A.L.; Goldmann, F.; Möller, H.-D.; Lisker, F.

2007-01-01

An aeromagnetic survey was flown over the offshore region northeast of Cape Adare and the magnetic anomalies compared to onshore structures between Pennell Coast and Tucker Glacier. The magnetic anomalies show two nearly orthogonal major trends. NNW-SSE trending anomalies northeast of Cape Adare represent seafloor spreading within the Adare Trough. A connection of these anomalies to the Northern Basin of the Ross Sea is not clear. Onshore faults are closely aligned to offshore anomalies. Main trends are NW-SE to NNW-SSE and NE-SW to NNESSW. NNW-SSE oriented dextral-transtensional to extensional faults parallel the Adare Peninsula and Adare Trough anomalies. NE-SW trending normal faults appear to segment the main Hallett volcanic bodies.

Optimal clinical trial design based on a dichotomous Markov-chain mixed-effect sleep model.

PubMed

Steven Ernest, C; Nyberg, Joakim; Karlsson, Mats O; Hooker, Andrew C

2014-12-01

D-optimal designs for discrete-type responses have been derived using generalized linear mixed models, simulation based methods and analytical approximations for computing the fisher information matrix (FIM) of non-linear mixed effect models with homogeneous probabilities over time. In this work, D-optimal designs using an analytical approximation of the FIM for a dichotomous, non-homogeneous, Markov-chain phase advanced sleep non-linear mixed effect model was investigated. The non-linear mixed effect model consisted of transition probabilities of dichotomous sleep data estimated as logistic functions using piecewise linear functions. Theoretical linear and nonlinear dose effects were added to the transition probabilities to modify the probability of being in either sleep stage. D-optimal designs were computed by determining an analytical approximation the FIM for each Markov component (one where the previous state was awake and another where the previous state was asleep). Each Markov component FIM was weighted either equally or by the average probability of response being awake or asleep over the night and summed to derive the total FIM (FIM(total)). The reference designs were placebo, 0.1, 1-, 6-, 10- and 20-mg dosing for a 2- to 6-way crossover study in six dosing groups. Optimized design variables were dose and number of subjects in each dose group. The designs were validated using stochastic simulation/re-estimation (SSE). Contrary to expectations, the predicted parameter uncertainty obtained via FIM(total) was larger than the uncertainty in parameter estimates computed by SSE. Nevertheless, the D-optimal designs decreased the uncertainty of parameter estimates relative to the reference designs. Additionally, the improvement for the D-optimal designs were more pronounced using SSE than predicted via FIM(total). Through the use of an approximate analytic solution and weighting schemes, the FIM(total) for a non-homogeneous, dichotomous Markov-chain phase advanced sleep model was computed and provided more efficient trial designs and increased nonlinear mixed-effects modeling parameter precision.

Exponential-fitted methods for integrating stiff systems of ordinary differential equations: Applications to homogeneous gas-phase chemical kinetics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pratt, D. T.

1984-01-01

Conventional algorithms for the numerical integration of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are based on the use of polynomial functions as interpolants. However, the exact solutions of stiff ODEs behave like decaying exponential functions, which are poorly approximated by polynomials. An obvious choice of interpolant are the exponential functions themselves, or their low-order diagonal Pade (rational function) approximants. A number of explicit, A-stable, integration algorithms were derived from the use of a three-parameter exponential function as interpolant, and their relationship to low-order, polynomial-based and rational-function-based implicit and explicit methods were shown by examining their low-order diagonal Pade approximants. A robust implicit formula was derived by exponential fitting the trapezoidal rule. Application of these algorithms to integration of the ODEs governing homogenous, gas-phase chemical kinetics was demonstrated in a developmental code CREK1D, which compares favorably with the Gear-Hindmarsh code LSODE in spite of the use of a primitive stepsize control strategy.

Key parameters of the sediment surface morphodynamics in an estuary - An assessment of model solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sampath, D. M. R.; Boski, T.

2018-05-01

Large-scale geomorphological evolution of an estuarine system was simulated by means of a hybrid estuarine sedimentation model (HESM) applied to the Guadiana Estuary, in Southwest Iberia. The model simulates the decadal-scale morphodynamics of the system under environmental forcing, using a set of analytical solutions to simplified equations of tidal wave propagation in shallow waters, constrained by empirical knowledge of estuarine sedimentary dynamics and topography. The key controlling parameters of the model are bed friction (f), current velocity power of the erosion rate function (N), and sea-level rise rate. An assessment of sensitivity of the simulated sediment surface elevation (SSE) change to these controlling parameters was performed. The model predicted the spatial differentiation of accretion and erosion, the latter especially marked in the mudflats within mean sea level and low tide level and accretion was mainly in a subtidal channel. The average SSE change mutually depended on both the friction coefficient and power of the current velocity. Analysis of the average annual SSE change suggests that the state of intertidal and subtidal compartments of the estuarine system vary differently according to the dominant processes (erosion and accretion). As the Guadiana estuarine system shows dominant erosional behaviour in the context of sea-level rise and sediment supply reduction after the closure of the Alqueva Dam, the most plausible sets of parameter values for the Guadiana Estuary are N = 1.8 and f = 0.8f0, or N = 2 and f = f0, where f0 is the empirically estimated value. For these sets of parameter values, the relative errors in SSE change did not exceed ±20% in 73% of simulation cells in the studied area. Such a limit of accuracy can be acceptable for an idealized modelling of coastal evolution in response to uncertain sea-level rise scenarios in the context of reduced sediment supply due to flow regulation. Therefore, the idealized but cost-effective HESM model will be suitable for estimating the morphological impacts of sea-level rise on estuarine systems on a decadal timescale.

Exponential localization of Wannier functions in insulators.

PubMed

Brouder, Christian; Panati, Gianluca; Calandra, Matteo; Mourougane, Christophe; Marzari, Nicola

2007-01-26

The exponential localization of Wannier functions in two or three dimensions is proven for all insulators that display time-reversal symmetry, settling a long-standing conjecture. Our proof relies on the equivalence between the existence of analytic quasi-Bloch functions and the nullity of the Chern numbers (or of the Hall current) for the system under consideration. The same equivalence implies that Chern insulators cannot display exponentially localized Wannier functions. An explicit condition for the reality of the Wannier functions is identified.

Integral definition of the logarithmic function and the derivative of the exponential function in calculus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vaninsky, Alexander

2015-04-01

Defining the logarithmic function as a definite integral with a variable upper limit, an approach used by some popular calculus textbooks, is problematic. We discuss the disadvantages of such a definition and provide a way to fix the problem. We also consider a definition-based, rigorous derivation of the derivative of the exponential function that is easier, more intuitive, and complies with the standard definitions of the number e, the logarithmic, and the exponential functions.

Valley-locked thermospin effect in silicene and germanene with asymmetric magnetic field induced by ferromagnetic proximity effect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhai, Xuechao; Wang, Yun-Tong; Wen, Rui; Wang, Shu-Xuan; Tian, Yue; Zhou, Xingfei; Chen, Wei; Yang, Zhihong

2018-02-01

Silicene and germanene, as graphenelike materials with observable spin-orbit couplings and two distinctive valleys, have potential applications in future low-dissipation spintronics and valleytronics. We here propose a magnetic system of silicene or germanene intercalated between two ferromagetic (FM) dielectric layers, and find that the system with a proximity-induced asymmetric magnetic field supports an attractive phenomenon named the valley-locked spin-dependent Seebeck effect (VL-SSE) driven by a thermal gradient. The VL-SSE indicates that the carries from only one valley could be thermally excited, with opposite spin polarization counterpropagating along the thermal gradient direction, while nearly no carrier from the other insulating valley is excited due to the relatively wide band gap. It is also illustrated that the VL-SSE here does not survive in the usual FM or anti-FM systems, and can be destroyed by the overlarge temperature broadening. Moreover, we prove that the signal for VL-SSE can be weakened gradually with the enhancement of the local interlayer electric field, and be strengthened lineally by increasing the source-drain temperature difference in a caloritronic field effect transistor. Further calculations indicate that the VL-SSE is robust against many perturbations, including the global and local Fermi levels as well as the magnetic strength. These findings about the valley-locked thermospin effect provide a nontrivial and convenient dimension to control the quantum numbers of spin and valley and are expected to be applied in future spin-valley logic circuits and energy-saving devices.

Guidelines for Management Consulting Programs for Small-Scale Enterprise. Appropriate Technologies for Development. Manual M-14.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaughan, Gary L.

This manual is designed to assist management consultants in working with small-scale entrepreneurs in developing countries. Addressed in an overview of the small-scale enterprise (SSE) are: the role of the SSE in third world development, problems of SSEs, and target firms. The second chapter deals with various forms of management assistance to…

The Self-Powered Detector Simulation `MATiSSe' Toolbox applied to SPNDs for severe accident monitoring in PWRs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barbot, Loïc; Villard, Jean-François; Fourrez, Stéphane; Pichon, Laurent; Makil, Hamid

2018-01-01

In the framework of the French National Research Agency program on nuclear safety and radioprotection, the `DIstributed Sensing for COrium Monitoring and Safety' project aims at developing innovative instrumentation for corium monitoring in case of severe accident in a Pressurized Water nuclear Reactor. Among others, a new under-vessel instrumentation based on Self-Powered Neutron Detectors is developed using a numerical simulation toolbox, named `MATiSSe'. The CEA Instrumentation Sensors and Dosimetry Lab developed MATiSSe since 2010 for Self-Powered Neutron Detectors material selection and geometry design, as well as for their respective partial neutron and gamma sensitivity calculations. MATiSSe is based on a comprehensive model of neutron and gamma interactions which take place in Selfpowered neutron detector components using the MCNP6 Monte Carlo code. As member of the project consortium, the THERMOCOAX SAS Company is currently manufacturing some instrumented pole prototypes to be tested in 2017. The full severe accident monitoring equipment, including the standalone low current acquisition system, will be tested during a joined CEA-THERMOCOAX experimental campaign in some realistic irradiation conditions, in the Slovenian TRIGA Mark II research reactor.

Advanced tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater using raw and modified diatomite.

PubMed

Wu, Jinlu; Yang, Y S; Lin, Jinhua

2005-12-09

Advanced technology for more efficient and effective wastewater treatment is always timely needed. The feasibility of using raw and modified diatomite for advanced treatment of secondary sewage effluents (SSE) was investigated in this study. Raw diatomite at a dosing rate of 300 mg/l showed a similar potential as activated carbon for removing most organic pollutants and toxic metals from SSE. Its performance was found poor in removal of arsenic and crop nutrient constituents (e.g. ammoniacal nitrogen and phosphate) and remained unsatisfactory even when the dosing rate increased up to 500 mg/l. Where modified diatomite was in lieu of raw diatomite, the removal efficiency for all target constituents was improved by 20-50%. At the dosing rate of 150 mg/l, modified diatomite enabled the post-treated effluents to satisfy the discharge consents, with the levels of all target constituents below the regulatory limits. Modified diatomite has advantages over raw diatomite in improving removal efficiency and reducing the dosing rate required for satisfactory treatment of SSE. It is concluded that modified diatomite is much more effective and efficient than raw diatomite, as an alternative to activated carbon, for economic treatment of SSE.

A Single-Step Enrichment Medium for Nonchromogenic Isolation of Healthy and Cold-Injured Salmonella spp. from Fresh Vegetables.

PubMed

Kim, Hong-Seok; Choi, Dasom; Kang, Il-Byeong; Kim, Dong-Hyeon; Yim, Jin-Hyeok; Kim, Young-Ji; Chon, Jung-Whan; Oh, Deog-Hwan; Seo, Kun-Ho

2017-02-01

Culture-based detection of nontyphoidal Salmonella spp. in foods requires at least four working days; therefore, new detection methods that shorten the test time are needed. In this study, we developed a novel single-step Salmonella enrichment broth, SSE-1, and compared its detection capability with that of commercial single-step ONE broth-Salmonella (OBS) medium and a conventional two-step enrichment method using buffered peptone water and Rappaport-Vassiliadis soy broth (BPW-RVS). Minimally processed lettuce samples were artificially inoculated with low levels of healthy and cold-injured Salmonella Enteritidis (10 0 or 10 1 colony-forming unit/25 g), incubated in OBS, BPW-RVS, and SSE-1 broths, and streaked on xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar. Salmonella recoverability was significantly higher in BPW-RVS (79.2%) and SSE-1 (83.3%) compared to OBS (39.3%) (p < 0.05). Our data suggest that the SSE-1 single-step enrichment broth could completely replace two-step enrichment with reduced enrichment time from 48 to 24 h, performing better than commercial single-step enrichment medium in the conventional nonchromogenic Salmonella detection, thus saving time, labor, and cost.

(q,{mu}) and (p,q,{zeta})-exponential functions: Rogers-Szego'' polynomials and Fourier-Gauss transform

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hounkonnou, Mahouton Norbert; Nkouankam, Elvis Benzo Ngompe

2010-10-15

From the realization of q-oscillator algebra in terms of generalized derivative, we compute the matrix elements from deformed exponential functions and deduce generating functions associated with Rogers-Szego polynomials as well as their relevant properties. We also compute the matrix elements associated with the (p,q)-oscillator algebra (a generalization of the q-one) and perform the Fourier-Gauss transform of a generalization of the deformed exponential functions.

The dynamics of photoinduced defect creation in amorphous chalcogenides: The origin of the stretched exponential function

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Freitas, R. J.; Shimakawa, K.; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193

The article discusses the dynamics of photoinduced defect creations (PDC) in amorphous chalcogenides, which is described by the stretched exponential function (SEF), while the well known photodarkening (PD) and photoinduced volume expansion (PVE) are governed only by the exponential function. It is shown that the exponential distribution of the thermal activation barrier produces the SEF in PDC, suggesting that thermal energy, as well as photon energy, is incorporated in PDC mechanisms. The differences in dynamics among three major photoinduced effects (PD, PVE, and PDC) in amorphous chalcogenides are now well understood.

Photoelectric performance of TiO2 nanotube array photoelectrodes sensitized with CdS0.54Se0.46 quantum dots

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gakhar, Ruchi; Smith, York R.; Misra, Mano; Chidambaram, Dev

2015-11-01

The photoelectrochemical performance of CdSSe quantum dots tethered to a framework of vertically oriented titania (TiO2) nanotubes was studied. The TiO2/CdSSe framework demonstrated improved charge transfer due to its unique band edge structure, thus validating the higher photocurrent generation. The composite film led to an 11-fold enhancement in comparison to the control TiO2 film, implying that the ternary quantum dots and the nanotubular structure of TiO2 work in tandem to promote charge separation and favorably impact photoelectrochemical performance. Further, the results also suggest that structural and optoelectronic properties of TiO2 films are significantly affected by the thicknesses of the CdSSe layer.

SSeCloud: Using secret sharing scheme to secure keys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Liang; Huang, Yang; Yang, Disheng; Zhang, Yuzhen; Liu, Hengchang

2017-08-01

With the use of cloud storage services, one of the concerns is how to protect sensitive data securely and privately. While users enjoy the convenience of data storage provided by semi-trusted cloud storage providers, they are confronted with all kinds of risks at the same time. In this paper, we present SSeCloud, a secure cloud storage system that improves security and usability by applying secret sharing scheme to secure keys. The system encrypts uploading files on the client side and splits encrypted keys into three shares. Each of them is respectively stored by users, cloud storage providers and the alternative third trusted party. Any two of the parties can reconstruct keys. Evaluation results of prototype system show that SSeCloud provides high security without too much performance penalty.

Spatiotemporal Relationship between Shallow Slow Slip and Repeating Earthquakes in the Northern Hikurangi Subduction Margin, New Zealand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shaddox, H. R.; Schwartz, S. Y.; Todd, E. K.; Sheehan, A.; Yarce, J.; Nakai, J. S.

2017-12-01

Repeating earthquakes (REs), events with similar waveforms and locations, have been used to estimate aseismic slip-rate variations and their presence has been used as a proxy for slow slip. Here, we look for REs in the area of a well-recorded slow slip event (SSE) using ocean-bottom data from the Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Investigation of Tremor and Slow Slip (HOBITSS) experiment. The HOBITSS array of absolute pressure gauges (APG) and ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) was deployed offshore of Gisborne, New Zealand from May 2014 - June 2015 above shallow (<15 km), episodic (every 18-24 months) SSEs in the northern Hikurangi subduction margin. The HOBITSS network recorded a Mw 6.8 SSE in September/October 2014. To find repeating earthquakes associated with the 2014 SSE we apply matched filtering using the HOBITSS catalog and OBS stations. Events are initially located in Antelope (dbgenloc or dblocsat2), relocated with either NonLinLoc or BayesLoc, and then relocated again (where possible) using GrowClust, a relative relocation algorithm that uses both differential travel times and waveform cross-correlations. Events with final locations within 5 km of the plate interface in the area of the SSE ( 70x100 km area, <2-12 km depth) are used as templates (85 total); few of these plate boundary events occur within areas of large slip. We define RE pairs using a minimum average cross-correlation coefficient of 0.95 at 3+ stations. Only one family of REs (2 events) is found within peak slip ( 20 cm at 8 km depth), days before slip conclusion. One family (2 events) is found in the southern portion of slip ( 15 cm at 7 km depth), two weeks after the SSE. All other REs found (10 families, 30 events) are collocated with a subducting seamount at the northeast edge of slip (<10 cm). One of these families contains two events that occur days before slip termination; the remainder occur days to weeks after the SSE. First-motion focal mechanisms are determined for each family and variability is evident between families; these events may be related to a fracture network surrounding the subducting seamount rather than occurring on the plate interface. Overall, we only find REs toward the end and after the well-recorded 2014 SSE. Thus, in some environments REs may not be reliable indicators of shallow SSEs.

On the Matrix Exponential Function

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hou, Shui-Hung; Hou, Edwin; Pang, Wan-Kai

2006-01-01

A novel and simple formula for computing the matrix exponential function is presented. Specifically, it can be used to derive explicit formulas for the matrix exponential of a general matrix A satisfying p(A) = 0 for a polynomial p(s). It is ready for use in a classroom and suitable for both hand as well as symbolic computation.

On the Gibbs phenomenon 1: Recovering exponential accuracy from the Fourier partial sum of a non-periodic analytic function

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gottlieb, David; Shu, Chi-Wang; Solomonoff, Alex; Vandeven, Herve

1992-01-01

It is well known that the Fourier series of an analytic or periodic function, truncated after 2N+1 terms, converges exponentially with N, even in the maximum norm, although the function is still analytic. This is known as the Gibbs phenomenon. Here, we show that the first 2N+1 Fourier coefficients contain enough information about the function, so that an exponentially convergent approximation (in the maximum norm) can be constructed.

Estimation of the spatiotemporal evolution of slow slip events in the Tokai region, central Japan, during 1994 - 2016 using GNSS data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakaue, H.; Nishimura, T.; Fukuda, J.; Kato, T.

2017-12-01

In the Tokai region, central Japan, the long-term slow slip events (L-SSEs) observed on the subducting Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) from 2000 to 2005 and since 2013. Moreover, many short-term slow slip events (S-SSEs) have been observed in the Tokai region since 1996. Sakaue et al. (2017) reported that the spatiotemporal evolution of an L-SSE and S-SSEs on the PSP beneath the Tokai region from 2013 to 2015. This study is probably the first case that migration of slip for S-SSE (Mw < 6.0) was estimated solely using GNSS data in southwest Japan.We, here, extend our analysis period to be from 1994 to 2016. The GIPSY-OASIS II software was used to estimate daily coordinates of GNSS stations operated by GSI and JUNCO (the Japanese University Consortium for GPS Research) in the Tokai region. It is well known that GNSS time series have many systematic signals that do not result from SSEs. These systematic signals include, for example, seasonal variations, cosiesmic and post-seismic deformation of the 2004 off Southeast Kii Peninsula eqrthquake and the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake (Mw. 9.0), crustal deformation of volcanic activity on Miyake-jima island and so on. After removing these systematic signals, we applied a modified Network Inversion Filter (NIF) [Fukuda et al., 2008]. The original NIF [Segall & Matthews, 1997] assumes a constant hyperparameter for the temporal smoothing of slip rates and thus often results in oversmoothing of slip rates. The modified NIF assumes a time-variable hyperparameter, so that changes in slip rates are effectively extracted from GNSS time series.The results indicate that not only the spatiotemporal evolutions of the 2000 Tokai L-SSE and the 2013 L-SSE but also the spatiotemporal evolution of S-SSEs are estimated. We will present a comparison of the spatiotemporal evolutions between the 2000 Tokai L-SSE and the 2013 L-SSE and possible dependence of the occurrence style of S-SSEs on the occurrence of the L-SSEs.

Slow slip events in Guerrero, Mexico, and consequences on strain accumulation over the past 15 years.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Radiguet, M.; Cotton, F.; Cavalié, O.; Pathier, E.; Kostoglodov, V.; Vergnolle, M.; Campillo, M.; Walpersdorf, A.; Cotte, N.; Santiago, J.; Franco, S.

2012-12-01

Continuous Global Positioning System (cGPS) time series in Guerrero, Mexico, reveal the widespread existence of large Slow Slip Events (SSEs) at the boundary between the Cocos and North American plates. The existence of these SSEs asks the question of how seismic and aseismic slips complement each other in subduction zones. We examined the last three SSEs that occurred in 2001/2002, 2006 and 2009/2010, and their impact on the strain accumulation along the Guerrero subduction margin. We use continuous cGPS time series and InSAR images to evaluate the surface displacement during SSEs and inter-SSE periods. The slip distributions on the plate interface associated with each SSE, as well as the inter-SSE (short-term) coupling rates are evaluated by inverting these surface displacements. Our results reveal that the three analyzed SSEs have equivalent moment magnitudes of around 7.5 and their lateral extension is variable.The slip distributions for the three SSEs show that in the Guerrero gap area, the slow slip occurs at shallower depth (updip limit around 15-20 km) than in surrounding regions. The InSAR data provide additional information for the 2006 SSE. The joint inversion of InSAR and cGPS data confirms the lateral variation of the slip distribution along the trench, with shallower slip in the Guerrero seismic gap, west of Acapulco, and deeper slip further east. Inversion of inter-SSE displacement rates reveal that during the inter-SSE time intervals, the interplate coupling is high in the area where the slow slip subsequently occurs. Over a 12 year period, corresponding to three cycles of SSEs, our results reveal that the accumulated slip deficit in the Guerrero gap area is only ¼ of the slip deficit accumulated on both sides of the gap. Moreover, the regions of large slip deficit coincide with the rupture areas of recent large earthquakes. We conclude that the SSEs account for a major portion of the overall moment release budget in the Guerrero gap. If large subduction thrust earthquakes occur in the Guerrero gap, their recurrence time is probably increased compared to adjacent regions.

Estimation of the impact of warfarin's time-in-therapeutic range on stroke and major bleeding rates and its influence on the medical cost avoidance associated with novel oral anticoagulant use-learnings from ARISTOTLE, ROCKET-AF, and RE-LY trials.

PubMed

Amin, Alpesh; Deitelzweig, Steve; Jing, Yonghua; Makenbaeva, Dinara; Wiederkehr, Daniel; Lin, Jay; Graham, John

2014-01-01

Warfarin's time-in-therapeutic range (TTR) is highly variable among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of variations in wafarin's TTR on rates of stroke/systemic embolism (SSE) and major bleedings among NVAF patients in the ARISTOTLE, ROCKET-AF, and RE-LY trials. Additionally, differences in medical costs for clinical endpoints when novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were used instead of warfarin at different TTR values were estimated. Quartile ranges of TTR values and corresponding event rates (%/patient - year = %/py) of SSE and major bleedings among NVAF patients treated with warfarin were estimated from published literature and FDA documents. The associations of SSE and major bleeding rates with TTR values were evaluated by regression analysis and then the calculated regression coefficients were used in analysis of medical cost differences associated with use of each NOAC versus warfarin (2010 costs; US payer perspective) at different TTRs. Each 10 % increase in warfarin's TTR correlated with a -0.32%/py decrease in SSE rate (R(2) = 0.61; p < 0.001). Although, the rate of major bleedings decreased as TTR increased, it was not significant (-0.035%/py, p = 0.63). As warfarin's TTR increased from 30 to 90% the estimated medical cost decreased from -$902 to -$83 for apixaban, from -$506 to +$314 for rivaroxaban, and from -$596 to +$223 for dabigatran. Among NVAF patients there is a significant negative correlation between warfarin's TTR and SSE rate, but not major bleedings. The variations in warfarin's TTR impacted the economic comparison of use of individual NOACs versus warfarin.

Using the Flow-3D General Moving Object Model to Simulate Coupled Liquid Slosh - Container Dynamics on the SPHERES Slosh Experiment: Aboard the International Space Station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schulman, Richard; Kirk, Daniel; Marsell, Brandon; Roth, Jacob; Schallhorn, Paul

2013-01-01

The SPHERES Slosh Experiment (SSE) is a free floating experimental platform developed for the acquisition of long duration liquid slosh data aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The data sets collected will be used to benchmark numerical models to aid in the design of rocket and spacecraft propulsion systems. Utilizing two SPHERES Satellites, the experiment will be moved through different maneuvers designed to induce liquid slosh in the experiment's internal tank. The SSE has a total of twenty-four thrusters to move the experiment. In order to design slosh generating maneuvers, a parametric study with three maneuvers types was conducted using the General Moving Object (GMO) model in Flow-30. The three types of maneuvers are a translation maneuver, a rotation maneuver and a combined rotation translation maneuver. The effectiveness of each maneuver to generate slosh is determined by the deviation of the experiment's trajectory as compared to a dry mass trajectory. To fully capture the effect of liquid re-distribution on experiment trajectory, each thruster is modeled as an independent force point in the Flow-3D simulation. This is accomplished by modifying the total number of independent forces in the GMO model from the standard five to twenty-four. Results demonstrate that the most effective slosh generating maneuvers for all motions occurs when SSE thrusters are producing the highest changes in SSE acceleration. The results also demonstrate that several centimeters of trajectory deviation between the dry and slosh cases occur during the maneuvers; while these deviations seem small, they are measureable by SSE instrumentation.

Seismic velocity change and slip rate during the 2006 Guerrero (Mexico) slow slip event

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rivet, Diane; Radiguet, Mathilde; Campillo, Michel; Cotton, Fabrice; Shapiro, Nikolai; Krishna Singh, Shri; Kostoglodov, Vladimir

2010-05-01

We measure temporal change of the seismic velocity in the crust below the Guerrero region during the 2006 slow sleep event (SSE). We use repeated cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise recorded at 26 broad-band stations of the MesoAmerica Seismic Experiment (MASE). The cross-correlations are computed over 90 days with a moving window of 10 days from January 2005 to July 2007. To insure measurements independent of noise source variations, we only take into account the travel time change within the coda. For period of 8 to 20s, we observe a decrease in velocity starting in April 2006 with a maximum change of -0.3% of the initial velocity in June 2006. At these periods, the Rayleigh waves are sensitive to velocity changes down to the lower crust. In the other hand, we compute the deformation rate below the MASE array from a slip propagation model of the SSE observed by means of the displacement time-series of 15 continuous GPS stations. Slip initiates in the western part of the Guerrero Gap and propagates southeastward. The propagation velocity is of the order of 1 km/day. We then compare the seismic velocity change measured from continuous seismological data with the deformation rate inferred from geodetic measurements below the MASE array. We obtain a good agreement between the time of maximal seismic velocity change (July 2006) and the time of maximum deformation associated with the SSE (July to August 2006). This result shows that the long-term velocity change associated with the SSE can be detected using continuous seismic recordings. Since the SSE does not emit seismic waves, which interact with the superficial layers, the result indicates that the velocity change is due to deformation at depth.

Extraordinary SEAWs under influence of the spin-spin interaction and the quantum Bohm potential

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andreev, Pavel A.

2018-06-01

The separate spin evolution (SSE) of electrons causes the existence of the spin-electron acoustic wave. Extraordinary spin-electron acoustic waves (SEAWs) propagating perpendicular to the external magnetic field have a large contribution of the transverse electric field. Its spectrum has been studied in the quasi-classical limit at the consideration of the separate spin evolution. The spin-spin interaction and the quantum Bohm potential give contribution in the spectrum extraordinary SEAWs. This contribution is studied in this paper. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the spin-spin interaction leads to the existence of the extraordinary SEAWs if the SSE is neglected. It has been found that the SSE causes the instability of the extraordinary SEAW at the large wavelengths, but the quantum Bohm potential leads to the full stabilization of the spectrum.

Enhanced thermo-spin effects in iron-oxide/metal multilayers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramos, R.; Lucas, I.; Algarabel, P. A.; Morellón, L.; Uchida, K.; Saitoh, E.; Ibarra, M. R.

2018-06-01

Since the discovery of the spin Seebeck effect (SSE), much attention has been devoted to the study of the interaction between heat, spin, and charge in magnetic systems. The SSE refers to the generation of a spin current upon the application of a thermal gradient and detected by means of the inverse spin Hall effect. Conversely, the spin Peltier effect (SPE) refers to the generation of a heat current as a result of a spin current induced by the spin Hall effect. Here we report a strong enhancement of both the SSE and SPE in Fe3O4/Pt multilayered thin films at room temperature as a result of an increased thermo-spin conversion efficiency in the multilayers. These results open the possibility to design thin film heterostructures that may boost the application of thermal spin currents in spintronics.

Constraining Source Terms, Regional Attenuation Models, and Site Effects (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-22

YAK ZRNK 10245 10831 11116 11346 12278...MDJ KAR NIL PDG QIZ RAYN SSE TATO TKM2TLG TLY UCHULHL ULN USP VOS WMQ WUS XAN YAK ZRNK 10245 10831 11116 11346 12278 12376 12574 12937 1311713130...LSA LZH MAKZUZ MDJ KAR NIL PDG QIZ RAYN SSE TATO TKM2TLG TLY UCHULHL ULN USP VOS WMQ WUS XAN YAK ZRNK 10245 10831 11116 11346 12278 12376 12574

Magnon Polarons in the Spin Seebeck Effect.

PubMed

Kikkawa, Takashi; Shen, Ka; Flebus, Benedetta; Duine, Rembert A; Uchida, Ken-Ichi; Qiu, Zhiyong; Bauer, Gerrit E W; Saitoh, Eiji

2016-11-11

Sharp structures in the magnetic field-dependent spin Seebeck effect (SSE) voltages of Pt/Y_{3}Fe_{5}O_{12} at low temperatures are attributed to the magnon-phonon interaction. Experimental results are well reproduced by a Boltzmann theory that includes magnetoelastic coupling. The SSE anomalies coincide with magnetic fields tuned to the threshold of magnon-polaron formation. The effect gives insight into the relative quality of the lattice and magnetization dynamics.

Inference for Stochastic Chemical Kinetics Using Moment Equations and System Size Expansion.

PubMed

Fröhlich, Fabian; Thomas, Philipp; Kazeroonian, Atefeh; Theis, Fabian J; Grima, Ramon; Hasenauer, Jan

2016-07-01

Quantitative mechanistic models are valuable tools for disentangling biochemical pathways and for achieving a comprehensive understanding of biological systems. However, to be quantitative the parameters of these models have to be estimated from experimental data. In the presence of significant stochastic fluctuations this is a challenging task as stochastic simulations are usually too time-consuming and a macroscopic description using reaction rate equations (RREs) is no longer accurate. In this manuscript, we therefore consider moment-closure approximation (MA) and the system size expansion (SSE), which approximate the statistical moments of stochastic processes and tend to be more precise than macroscopic descriptions. We introduce gradient-based parameter optimization methods and uncertainty analysis methods for MA and SSE. Efficiency and reliability of the methods are assessed using simulation examples as well as by an application to data for Epo-induced JAK/STAT signaling. The application revealed that even if merely population-average data are available, MA and SSE improve parameter identifiability in comparison to RRE. Furthermore, the simulation examples revealed that the resulting estimates are more reliable for an intermediate volume regime. In this regime the estimation error is reduced and we propose methods to determine the regime boundaries. These results illustrate that inference using MA and SSE is feasible and possesses a high sensitivity.

Inference for Stochastic Chemical Kinetics Using Moment Equations and System Size Expansion

PubMed Central

Thomas, Philipp; Kazeroonian, Atefeh; Theis, Fabian J.; Grima, Ramon; Hasenauer, Jan

2016-01-01

Quantitative mechanistic models are valuable tools for disentangling biochemical pathways and for achieving a comprehensive understanding of biological systems. However, to be quantitative the parameters of these models have to be estimated from experimental data. In the presence of significant stochastic fluctuations this is a challenging task as stochastic simulations are usually too time-consuming and a macroscopic description using reaction rate equations (RREs) is no longer accurate. In this manuscript, we therefore consider moment-closure approximation (MA) and the system size expansion (SSE), which approximate the statistical moments of stochastic processes and tend to be more precise than macroscopic descriptions. We introduce gradient-based parameter optimization methods and uncertainty analysis methods for MA and SSE. Efficiency and reliability of the methods are assessed using simulation examples as well as by an application to data for Epo-induced JAK/STAT signaling. The application revealed that even if merely population-average data are available, MA and SSE improve parameter identifiability in comparison to RRE. Furthermore, the simulation examples revealed that the resulting estimates are more reliable for an intermediate volume regime. In this regime the estimation error is reduced and we propose methods to determine the regime boundaries. These results illustrate that inference using MA and SSE is feasible and possesses a high sensitivity. PMID:27447730

Using Differentials to Differentiate Trigonometric and Exponential Functions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dray, Tevian

2013-01-01

Starting from geometric definitions, we show how differentials can be used to differentiate trigonometric and exponential functions without limits, numerical estimates, solutions of differential equations, or integration.

An Unusual Exponential Graph

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Syed, M. Qasim; Lovatt, Ian

2014-01-01

This paper is an addition to the series of papers on the exponential function begun by Albert Bartlett. In particular, we ask how the graph of the exponential function y = e[superscript -t/t] would appear if y were plotted versus ln t rather than the normal practice of plotting ln y versus t. In answering this question, we find a new way to…

Seismic Search Engine: A distributed database for mining large scale seismic data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Y.; Vaidya, S.; Kuzma, H. A.

2009-12-01

The International Monitoring System (IMS) of the CTBTO collects terabytes worth of seismic measurements from many receiver stations situated around the earth with the goal of detecting underground nuclear testing events and distinguishing them from other benign, but more common events such as earthquakes and mine blasts. The International Data Center (IDC) processes and analyzes these measurements, as they are collected by the IMS, to summarize event detections in daily bulletins. Thereafter, the data measurements are archived into a large format database. Our proposed Seismic Search Engine (SSE) will facilitate a framework for data exploration of the seismic database as well as the development of seismic data mining algorithms. Analogous to GenBank, the annotated genetic sequence database maintained by NIH, through SSE, we intend to provide public access to seismic data and a set of processing and analysis tools, along with community-generated annotations and statistical models to help interpret the data. SSE will implement queries as user-defined functions composed from standard tools and models. Each query is compiled and executed over the database internally before reporting results back to the user. Since queries are expressed with standard tools and models, users can easily reproduce published results within this framework for peer-review and making metric comparisons. As an illustration, an example query is “what are the best receiver stations in East Asia for detecting events in the Middle East?” Evaluating this query involves listing all receiver stations in East Asia, characterizing known seismic events in that region, and constructing a profile for each receiver station to determine how effective its measurements are at predicting each event. The results of this query can be used to help prioritize how data is collected, identify defective instruments, and guide future sensor placements.

Compact exponential product formulas and operator functional derivative

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suzuki, Masuo

1997-02-01

A new scheme for deriving compact expressions of the logarithm of the exponential product is proposed and it is applied to several exponential product formulas. A generalization of the Dynkin-Specht-Wever (DSW) theorem on free Lie elements is given, and it is used to study the relation between the traditional method (based on the DSW theorem) and the present new scheme. The concept of the operator functional derivative is also proposed, and it is applied to ordered exponentials, such as time-evolution operators for time-dependent Hamiltonians.

R-Function Relationships for Application in the Fractional Calculus

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lorenzo, Carl F.; Hartley, Tom T.

2000-01-01

The F-function, and its generalization the R-function, are of fundamental importance in the fractional calculus. It has been shown that the solution of the fundamental linear fractional differential equation may be expressed in terms of these functions. These functions serve as generalizations of the exponential function in the solution of fractional differential equations. Because of this central role in the fractional calculus, this paper explores various intrarelationships of the R-function, which will be useful in further analysis. Relationships of the R-function to the common exponential function, e(t), and its fractional derivatives are shown. From the relationships developed, some important approximations are observed. Further, the inverse relationships of the exponential function, el, in terms of the R-function are developed. Also, some approximations for the R-function are developed.

R-function relationships for application in the fractional calculus.

PubMed

Lorenzo, Carl F; Hartley, Tom T

2008-01-01

The F-function, and its generalization the R-function, are of fundamental importance in the fractional calculus. It has been shown that the solution of the fundamental linear fractional differential equation may be expressed in terms of these functions. These functions serve as generalizations of the exponential function in the solution of fractional differential equations. Because of this central role in the fractional calculus, this paper explores various intrarelationships of the R-function, which will be useful in further analysis. Relationships of the R-function to the common exponential function, et, and its fractional derivatives are shown. From the relationships developed, some important approximations are observed. Further, the inverse relationships of the exponential function, et, in terms of the R-function are developed. Also, some approximations for the R-function are developed.

Spin Seebeck devices using local on-chip heating

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Stephen M.; Fradin, Frank Y.; Hoffman, Jason

2015-05-07

A micro-patterned spin Seebeck device is fabricated using an on-chip heater. Current is driven through a Au heater layer electrically isolated from a bilayer consisting of Fe3O4 (insulating ferrimagnet) and a spin detector layer. It is shown that through this method it is possible to measure the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (SSE) for small area magnetic devices, equivalent to traditional macroscopic SSE experiments. Using a lock-in detection technique, it is possible to more sensitively characterize both the SSE and the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE), as well as the inverse spin Hall effect in various spin detector materials. By using themore » spin detector layer as a thermometer, we can obtain a value for the temperature gradient across the device. These results are well matched to values obtained through electromagnetic/thermal modeling of the device structure and with large area spin Seebeck measurements.« less

Spin Seebeck devices using local on-chip heating

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Stephen M., E-mail: swu@anl.gov; Fradin, Frank Y.; Hoffman, Jason

2015-05-07

A micro-patterned spin Seebeck device is fabricated using an on-chip heater. Current is driven through a Au heater layer electrically isolated from a bilayer consisting of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} (insulating ferrimagnet) and a spin detector layer. It is shown that through this method it is possible to measure the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (SSE) for small area magnetic devices, equivalent to traditional macroscopic SSE experiments. Using a lock-in detection technique, it is possible to more sensitively characterize both the SSE and the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE), as well as the inverse spin Hall effect in various spin detector materials. Bymore » using the spin detector layer as a thermometer, we can obtain a value for the temperature gradient across the device. These results are well matched to values obtained through electromagnetic/thermal modeling of the device structure and with large area spin Seebeck measurements.« less

Precursory slow-slip loaded the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake sequence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borghi, A.; Aoudia, A.; Javed, F.; Barzaghi, R.

2016-05-01

Slow-slip events (SSEs) are common at subduction zone faults where large mega earthquakes occur. We report here that one of the best-recorded moderate size continental earthquake, the 2009 April 6 moment magnitude (Mw) 6.3 L'Aquila (Italy) earthquake, was preceded by a 5.9 Mw SSE that originated from the decollement beneath the reactivated normal faulting system. The SSE is identified from a rigorous analysis of continuous GPS stations and occurred on the 12 February and lasted for almost two weeks. It coincided with a burst in the foreshock activity with small repeating earthquakes migrating towards the main-shock hypocentre as well as with a change in the elastic properties of rocks in the fault region. The SSE has caused substantial stress loading at seismogenic depths where the magnitude 4.0 foreshock and Mw 6.3 main shock nucleated. This stress loading is also spatially correlated with the lateral extent of the aftershock sequence.

The impact of model prediction error in designing geodetic networks for crustal deformation applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murray, J. R.

2017-12-01

Earth surface displacements measured at Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) sites record crustal deformation due, for example, to slip on faults underground. A primary objective in designing geodetic networks to study crustal deformation is to maximize the ability to recover parameters of interest like fault slip. Given Green's functions (GFs) relating observed displacement to motion on buried dislocations representing a fault, one can use various methods to estimate spatially variable slip. However, assumptions embodied in the GFs, e.g., use of a simplified elastic structure, introduce spatially correlated model prediction errors (MPE) not reflected in measurement uncertainties (Duputel et al., 2014). In theory, selection algorithms should incorporate inter-site correlations to identify measurement locations that give unique information. I assess the impact of MPE on site selection by expanding existing methods (Klein et al., 2017; Reeves and Zhe, 1999) to incorporate this effect. Reeves and Zhe's algorithm sequentially adds or removes a predetermined number of data according to a criterion that minimizes the sum of squared errors (SSE) on parameter estimates. Adapting this method to GNSS network design, Klein et al. select new sites that maximize model resolution, using trade-off curves to determine when additional resolution gain is small. Their analysis uses uncorrelated data errors and GFs for a uniform elastic half space. I compare results using GFs for spatially variable strike slip on a discretized dislocation in a uniform elastic half space, a layered elastic half space, and a layered half space with inclusion of MPE. I define an objective criterion to terminate the algorithm once the next site removal would increase SSE more than the expected incremental SSE increase if all sites had equal impact. Using a grid of candidate sites with 8 km spacing, I find the relative value of the selected sites (defined by the percent increase in SSE that further removal of each site would cause) is more uniform when MPE is included. However, the number and distribution of selected sites depends primarily on site location relative to the fault. For this test case, inclusion of MPE has minimal practical impact; I will investigate whether these findings hold for more densely spaced candidate grids and dipping faults.

A New Secondary Structure Assignment Algorithm Using Cα Backbone Fragments

PubMed Central

Cao, Chen; Wang, Guishen; Liu, An; Xu, Shutan; Wang, Lincong; Zou, Shuxue

2016-01-01

The assignment of secondary structure elements in proteins is a key step in the analysis of their structures and functions. We have developed an algorithm, SACF (secondary structure assignment based on Cα fragments), for secondary structure element (SSE) assignment based on the alignment of Cα backbone fragments with central poses derived by clustering known SSE fragments. The assignment algorithm consists of three steps: First, the outlier fragments on known SSEs are detected. Next, the remaining fragments are clustered to obtain the central fragments for each cluster. Finally, the central fragments are used as a template to make assignments. Following a large-scale comparison of 11 secondary structure assignment methods, SACF, KAKSI and PROSS are found to have similar agreement with DSSP, while PCASSO agrees with DSSP best. SACF and PCASSO show preference to reducing residues in N and C cap regions, whereas KAKSI, P-SEA and SEGNO tend to add residues to the terminals when DSSP assignment is taken as standard. Moreover, our algorithm is able to assign subtle helices (310-helix, π-helix and left-handed helix) and make uniform assignments, as well as to detect rare SSEs in β-sheets or long helices as outlier fragments from other programs. The structural uniformity should be useful for protein structure classification and prediction, while outlier fragments underlie the structure–function relationship. PMID:26978354

Evaluation of temporal surveillance system sensitivity and freedom from bovine viral diarrhea in Danish dairy herds using scenario tree modelling.

PubMed

Foddai, Alessandro; Stockmarr, Anders; Boklund, Anette

2016-06-21

The temporal sensitivity of the surveillance system (TemSSe) for Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) in Danish dairy herds was evaluated. Currently, the Danish antibody blocking ELISA is used to test quarterly bulk tank milk (BTM). To optimize the surveillance system as an early warning system, we considered the possibility of using the SVANOVIR ELISA, as this test has been shown to detect BVD-positive herds earlier than the blocking ELISA in BTM tests. Information from data (2010) and outputs from two published stochastic models were fed into a stochastic scenario tree to estimate the TemSSe. For that purpose we considered: the risk of BVD introduction into the dairy population, the ELISA used and the high risk period (HRP) from BVD introduction to testing (at 90 or 365 days). The effect of introducing one persistently infected (PI) calf or one transiently infected (TI) milking cow into 1 (or 8) dairy herd(s) was investigated. Additionally we estimated the confidence in low (PLow) herd prevalence (<8/4109 infected herds) and the confidence in complete freedom (PFree) from BVD (< 1/4109). The TemSSe, the PLow, and the PFree were higher, when tests were performed 365 days after BVD introduction, than after 90 days. Estimates were usually higher for the SVANOVIR than for the blocking ELISA, and when a PI rather than a TI was introduced into the herd(s). For instance, with the current system, the median TemSSe was 64.5 %, 90 days after a PI calf was introduced into eight dairy herds. The related median PLow was 72.5 %. When a PI calf was introduced into one herd the median TemSSe was 12.1 %, while the related PFree was 51.6 %. With the SVANOVIR ELISA these estimates were 99.0 %; 98.9 %, 43.7 % and 62.4 %, respectively. The replacement of the blocking ELISA with the SVANOVIR could increase the TemSSe, the PLow and PFree remarkably. Those results could be used to optimize the Danish BVD surveillance system. Furthermore, the approach proposed in this study, for including the effect of the HRP within the scenario tree methodology, could be applied to optimize early warning surveillance systems of different animal diseases.

Surface Temperature and Precipitation Affecting GPS Signals Before the 2009 L'Aquila Earthquake (Central Italy).

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crescentini, L.; Amoruso, A.; Chiaraluce, L.

2017-12-01

This work focuses on GPS time series recorded before the Mw 6.1 earthquake which struck Central Italy in April 2009. It shows how environmental noise effects may be subtle and relevant when investigating relatively small strain signals and how the availability of data from weather stations and water level sensors co-located with GPS stations may provide critical information which must be taken into consideration while dealing with deformation signals.The preparatory phase of a large earthquake may include both seismic (foreshocks) and aseismic (slow slip event, SSE) deforming episodes but, unlike afterslip, no slow event has yet been recorded before moderate earthquakes, even when they occurred close to high-sensitivity strain meters. An exception to this seems to be represented by the 2009 earthquake. The main shock was preceded by a foreshock sequence lasting 6 months; it has been claimed that an analysis of continuous GPS data shows that during the foreshock sequence a 5.9 Mw SSE occurred along a decollement located beneath the reactivated normal fault system. This hypothesized SSE, that started in the middle of February 2009 and lasted for almost two weeks, would have eventually loaded the largest foreshock and the main shock.We show that the strain signal that the SSE would have generated at two laser strainmeters operating at about 20 km NE from the SSE source was essentially undetected. On the contrary, a transient signal is present in temperature and precipitation time series recorded close to the GPS station, MTTO, that has largest signal referred to the SSE, implying that these contaminated the GPS record. This interpretation is corroborated by the strong similarity, during the coldest winter months, between the displacement data of MTTO and a linear combination of filtered temperature and precipitation data, mimicking simple heat conduction and snow accumulation/removal processes. Such a correlation between displacement and environmental data is missing during the other seasons, when it neither snows nor freezes. This lack of correlation seems to exclude simple thermal expansion of the bedrock or the pillar monument itself as a local source of deformation. We hypothesize that thermal effects might be caused by ground freezing and consequent water expansion (about 9%) when liquid water is converted into ice.

Non-extensive quantum statistics with particle-hole symmetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Biró, T. S.; Shen, K. M.; Zhang, B. W.

2015-06-01

Based on Tsallis entropy (1988) and the corresponding deformed exponential function, generalized distribution functions for bosons and fermions have been used since a while Teweldeberhan et al. (2003) and Silva et al. (2010). However, aiming at a non-extensive quantum statistics further requirements arise from the symmetric handling of particles and holes (excitations above and below the Fermi level). Naive replacements of the exponential function or "cut and paste" solutions fail to satisfy this symmetry and to be smooth at the Fermi level at the same time. We solve this problem by a general ansatz dividing the deformed exponential to odd and even terms and demonstrate that how earlier suggestions, like the κ- and q-exponential behave in this respect.

Exponential decline of deep-sea ecosystem functioning linked to benthic biodiversity loss.

PubMed

Danovaro, Roberto; Gambi, Cristina; Dell'Anno, Antonio; Corinaldesi, Cinzia; Fraschetti, Simonetta; Vanreusel, Ann; Vincx, Magda; Gooday, Andrew J

2008-01-08

Recent investigations suggest that biodiversity loss might impair the functioning and sustainability of ecosystems. Although deep-sea ecosystems are the most extensive on Earth, represent the largest reservoir of biomass, and host a large proportion of undiscovered biodiversity, the data needed to evaluate the consequences of biodiversity loss on the ocean floor are completely lacking. Here, we present a global-scale study based on 116 deep-sea sites that relates benthic biodiversity to several independent indicators of ecosystem functioning and efficiency. We show that deep-sea ecosystem functioning is exponentially related to deep-sea biodiversity and that ecosystem efficiency is also exponentially linked to functional biodiversity. These results suggest that a higher biodiversity supports higher rates of ecosystem processes and an increased efficiency with which these processes are performed. The exponential relationships presented here, being consistent across a wide range of deep-sea ecosystems, suggest that mutually positive functional interactions (ecological facilitation) can be common in the largest biome of our biosphere. Our results suggest that a biodiversity loss in deep-sea ecosystems might be associated with exponential reductions of their functions. Because the deep sea plays a key role in ecological and biogeochemical processes at a global scale, this study provides scientific evidence that the conservation of deep-sea biodiversity is a priority for a sustainable functioning of the worlds' oceans.

Compact exponential product formulas and operator functional derivative

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Suzuki, M.

1997-02-01

A new scheme for deriving compact expressions of the logarithm of the exponential product is proposed and it is applied to several exponential product formulas. A generalization of the Dynkin{endash}Specht{endash}Wever (DSW) theorem on free Lie elements is given, and it is used to study the relation between the traditional method (based on the DSW theorem) and the present new scheme. The concept of the operator functional derivative is also proposed, and it is applied to ordered exponentials, such as time-evolution operators for time-dependent Hamiltonians. {copyright} {ital 1997 American Institute of Physics.}

Pautas para Programas de Asesoramiento Gestional para Microempresas (Guidelines for Management Consulting Programs for Small-Scale Enterprise). Appropriate Technologies for Development. Peace Corps Information Collection & Exchange Manual Series No. M-27.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaughan, Gary L.

Written in Spanish, this manual is designed to assist management consultants in working with small-scale entrepreneurs in developing countries. Addressed in an overview of the small-scale enterprise (SSE) are the role of the SSE in Third World development, problems of SSEs, and target firms. The second chapter deals with various forms of…

Surface meteorology and Solar Energy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stackhouse, Paul W. (Principal Investigator)

The Release 5.1 Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) data contains parameters formulated for assessing and designing renewable energy systems. Parameters fall under 11 categories including: Solar cooking, solar thermal applications, solar geometry, tilted solar panels, energy storage systems, surplus product storage systems, cloud information, temperature, wind, other meteorological factors, and supporting information. This latest release contains new parameters based on recommendations by the renewable energy industry and it is more accurate than previous releases. On-line plotting capabilities allow quick evaluation of potential renewable energy projects for any region of the world. The SSE data set is formulated from NASA satellite- and reanalysis-derived insolation and meteorological data for the 10-year period July 1983 through June 1993. Results are provided for 1 degree latitude by 1 degree longitude grid cells over the globe. Average daily and monthly measurements for 1195 World Radiation Data Centre ground sites are also available. [Mission Objectives] The SSE project contains insolation and meteorology data intended to aid in the development of renewable energy systems. Collaboration between SSE and technology industries such as the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables ( HOMER ) may aid in designing electric power systems that employ some combination of wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, or diesel generators to produce electricity. [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1983-07-01; Stop_Date=1993-06-30] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180].

Structural and Optical Studies of ZnCdSe/ZnSe/ZnMgSSe Separate Confinement Heterostructures with Different Buffer Layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tu, Ru-Chin; Su, Yan-Kuin; Huang, Ying-Sheng; Chen, Giin-Sang; Chou, Shu-Tsun

1998-09-01

Detailed structural and optical studies of ZnCdSe/ZnSe/ZnMgSSe separate confinementheterostructures (SCH) grown on ZnSe, ZnSe/ZnSSe strained-layer superlattices (SLS),and GaAs buffer layers at the II VI/GaAs interface have been carried out by employingtransmission electron microscopy, variable temperature photoluminescence (PL), andcontactless electroreflectance (CER) measurements. A significant improvement onthe defect reduction and the optical quality has been observed by using either theZnSe/ZnSSe SLS or GaAs as the buffer layers when compared to that of the sample usingonly ZnSe as the buffer layer. However, the sample grown with the SLS buffer layersreveals a room temperature PL intensity higher than that of the sample grown witha GaAs buffer layer, which may still suffer from the great ionic differences betweenthe II V and III V atoms. Using 15 K CER spectra, we have also studied variousexcitonic transitions originating from strained Zn0.80Cd0.20Se/ZnSe single quantumwell in SCH with different buffer layers. An analysis of the CER spectra has ledto the identification of various excitonic transitions, mnH (L), between the mthconduction band state and the nth heavy (light)-hole band state. An excellentagreement between experiments and theoretical calculations based on the envelopefunction approximation model has been achieved.

Recurrent slow slip event likely hastened by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

PubMed Central

Hirose, Hitoshi; Kimura, Hisanori; Enescu, Bogdan; Aoi, Shin

2012-01-01

Slow slip events (SSEs) are another mode of fault deformation than the fast faulting of regular earthquakes. Such transient episodes have been observed at plate boundaries in a number of subduction zones around the globe. The SSEs near the Boso Peninsula, central Japan, are among the most documented SSEs, with the longest repeating history, of almost 30 y, and have a recurrence interval of 5 to 7 y. A remarkable characteristic of the slow slip episodes is the accompanying earthquake swarm activity. Our stable, long-term seismic observations enable us to detect SSEs using the recorded earthquake catalog, by considering an earthquake swarm as a proxy for a slow slip episode. Six recurrent episodes are identified in this way since 1982. The average duration of the SSE interoccurrence interval is 68 mo; however, there are significant fluctuations from this mean. While a regular cycle can be explained using a simple physical model, the mechanisms that are responsible for the observed fluctuations are poorly known. Here we show that the latest SSE in the Boso Peninsula was likely hastened by the stress transfer from the March 11, 2011 great Tohoku earthquake. Moreover, a similar mechanism accounts for the delay of an SSE in 1990 by a nearby earthquake. The low stress buildups and drops during the SSE cycle can explain the strong sensitivity of these SSEs to stress transfer from external sources. PMID:22949688

Sexual Self-Efficacy and Gender: A Review of Condom Use and Sexual Negotiation Among Young Men and Women in Sub-Saharan Africa.

PubMed

Closson, Kalysha; Dietrich, Janan J; Lachowsky, Nathan J; Nkala, Busiwe; Palmer, Alexis; Cui, Zishan; Beksinska, Mags; Smit, Jennifer A; Hogg, Robert S; Gray, Glenda; Miller, Cari L; Kaida, Angela

Sexual self-efficacy (SSE), one's perceived control of or confidence in the ability to perform a given sexual outcome, predicts sexual behavior; however, important questions remain regarding whether gender modifies observed associations. In a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed HIV-prevention literature focusing on youth (ages 10 to 25) in sub-Saharan Africa, we measured and assessed the influence of SSE on condom use and sexual refusal, overall and by gender. Our results, after reviewing 63 publications, show that SSE is inconsistently measured. Most studies measured condom use self-efficacy (CUSE) (96.8%) and/or sexual refusal self-efficacy (SRSE) (63.5%). On average, young men had higher CUSE than young women, while young women had higher SRSE than young men. While cross-sectional studies reported an association between high SSE and sexual behaviors, this association was not observed in interventions, particularly among young women who face a disproportionate risk of HIV acquisition. In all, 25% of intervention studies demonstrated that fostering CUSE increased condom use among young men only, and one of two studies demonstrated that higher SRSE led to reduced frequency of sexual activity for both men and women. Future research and HIV-prevention interventions must be gender targeted, consider improving CUSE for young men, and move beyond limited individual-level sexual behavior change frameworks.

The Exponential Function--Part VIII

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bartlett, Albert A.

1978-01-01

Presents part eight of a continuing series on the exponential function in which, given the current population of the Earth and assuming a constant growth rate of 1.9 percent backward looks at world population are made. (SL)

Skin self-examination education for early detection of melanoma: a randomized controlled trial of Internet, workbook, and in-person interventions.

PubMed

Robinson, June K; Gaber, Rikki; Hultgren, Brittney; Eilers, Steven; Blatt, Hanz; Stapleton, Jerod; Mallett, Kimberly; Turrisi, Rob; Duffecy, Jenna; Begale, Mark; Martini, Mary; Bilimoria, Karl; Wayne, Jeffrey

2014-01-13

Early detection of melanoma improves survival. Since many melanoma patients and their spouses seek the care of a physician after discovering their melanoma, an ongoing study will determine the efficacy of teaching at-risk melanoma patients and their skin check partner how to conduct skin self-examinations (SSEs). Internet-based health behavior interventions have proven efficacious in creating behavior change in patients to better prevent, detect, or cope with their health issues. The efficacy of electronic interactive SSE educational intervention provided on a tablet device has not previously been determined. The electronic interactive educational intervention was created to develop a scalable, effective intervention to enhance performance and accuracy of SSE among those at-risk to develop melanoma. The intervention in the office was conducted using one of the following three methods: (1) in-person through a facilitator, (2) with a paper workbook, or (3) with a tablet device used in the clinical office. Differences related to method of delivery were elucidated by having the melanoma patient and their skin check partner provide a self-report of their confidence in performing SSE and take a knowledge-based test immediately after receiving the intervention. The three interventions used 9 of the 26 behavioral change techniques defined by Abraham and Michie to promote planning of monthly SSE, encourage performing SSE, and reinforce self-efficacy by praising correct responses to knowledge-based decision making and offering helpful suggestions to improve performance. In creating the electronic interactive SSE educational intervention, the educational content was taken directly from both the scripted in-person presentation delivered with Microsoft PowerPoint by a trained facilitator and the paper workbook training arms of the study. Enrollment totaled 500 pairs (melanoma patient and their SSE partner) with randomization of 165 pairs to the in-person, 165 pairs to the workbook, and 70 pairs to electronic interactive SSE educational intervention. The demographic survey data showed no significant mean differences between groups in age, education, or income. The tablet usability survey given to the first 30 tablet pairs found that, overall, participants found the electronic interactive intervention easy to use and that the video of the doctor-patient-partner dialogue accompanying the dermatologist's examination was particularly helpful in understanding what they were asked to do for the study. The interactive group proved to be just as good as the workbook group in self-confidence of scoring moles, and just as good as both the workbook and the in-person intervention groups in self-confidence of monitoring their moles. While the in-person intervention performed significantly better on a skill-based quiz, the electronic interactive group performed significantly better than the workbook group. The electronic interactive and in-person interventions were more efficient (30 minutes), while the workbook took longer (45 minutes). This study suggests that an electronic interactive intervention can deliver skills training comparable to other training methods, and the experience can be accommodated during the customary outpatient office visit with the physician. Further testing of the electronic interactive intervention's role in the anxiety of the pair and pair-discovered melanomas upon self-screening will elucidate the impact of these tools on outcomes in at-risk patient populations. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01013844; http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01013844 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6LvGGSTKK).

Association of Skin Examination Behaviors and Thinner Nodular vs Superficial Spreading Melanoma at Diagnosis.

PubMed

Dessinioti, Clio; Geller, Alan C; Stergiopoulou, Aravella; Swetter, Susan M; Baltas, Eszter; Mayer, Jonathan E; Johnson, Timothy M; Talaganis, John; Trakatelli, Myrto; Tsoutsos, Dimitrios; Tsourouflis, Gerasimos; Stratigos, Alexander J

2018-04-18

Early melanoma detection strategies include skin self-examination (SSE), physician skin examination (PSE), and promotion of patient knowledge about skin cancer. To investigate the association of SSE, PSE, and patient attitudes with the detection of thinner superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) and nodular melanoma (NM), the latter of which tends to elude early detection. This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, multicenter study identified patients with newly diagnosed cutaneous melanoma at 4 referral hospital centers in the United States, Greece, and Hungary. Among 920 patients with a primary invasive melanoma, 685 patients with SSM or NM subtype were included. A standardized questionnaire was used to record sociodemographic information, SSE and PSE practices, and patient perceptions in the year prior to diagnosis. Data were analyzed according to histologic thickness, with a 2-mm cutoff for thinner SSM and NM. Of 685 participants (mean [SD] age, 55.6 [15.1] years; 318 [46%] female), thinner melanoma was detected in 437 of 538 SSM (81%) and in 40 of 147 NM (27%). Patients who routinely performed SSE were more likely to be diagnosed with thinner SSM (odds ratio [OR], 2.61; 95% CI, 1.14-5.40) but not thinner NM (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 0.84-6.80). Self-detected clinical warning signs (eg, elevation and onset of pain) were markers of thicker SSM and NM. Whole-body PSE was associated with a 2-fold increase in detection of thinner SSM (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.16-4.35) and thinner NM (OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.05-6.82). Patient attitudes and perceptions focusing on increased interest in skin cancer were associated with the detection of thinner NM. Our findings underscore the importance of complementary practices by patients and physicians for the early detection of melanoma, including regular whole-body PSE, SSE, and increased patient awareness.

A mechanism producing power law etc. distributions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Heling; Shen, Hongjun; Yang, Bin

2017-07-01

Power law distribution is playing an increasingly important role in the complex system study. Based on the insolvability of complex systems, the idea of incomplete statistics is utilized and expanded, three different exponential factors are introduced in equations about the normalization condition, statistical average and Shannon entropy, with probability distribution function deduced about exponential function, power function and the product form between power function and exponential function derived from Shannon entropy and maximal entropy principle. So it is shown that maximum entropy principle can totally replace equal probability hypothesis. Owing to the fact that power and probability distribution in the product form between power function and exponential function, which cannot be derived via equal probability hypothesis, can be derived by the aid of maximal entropy principle, it also can be concluded that maximal entropy principle is a basic principle which embodies concepts more extensively and reveals basic principles on motion laws of objects more fundamentally. At the same time, this principle also reveals the intrinsic link between Nature and different objects in human society and principles complied by all.

Power and Roots by Recursion.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aieta, Joseph F.

1987-01-01

This article illustrates how questions from elementary finance can serve as motivation for studying high order powers, roots, and exponential functions using Logo procedures. A second discussion addresses a relatively unknown algorithm for the trigonometric exponential and hyperbolic functions. (PK)

Directives Relatives a l'Elaboration de Programmes de Conseil en Gestion pour Petites Entreprises (Guidelines for Management Consulting Programs for Small-Scale Enterprise). Appropriate Technologies for Development. Peace Corps Information Collection & Exchange Manual Series No. M-29.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaughan, Gary L.

Written in French, this manual is designed to assist management consultants in working with small-scale entrepreneurs in developing countries. Addressed in an overview of the small-scale enterprise (SSE) are the role of the SSE in Third World development, problems of SSEs, and target firms. The second chapter deals with various forms of management…

Separation of spin Seebeck effect and anomalous Nernst effect in Co/Cu/YIG

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tian, Dai; State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433; Li, Yufan

2015-05-25

The spin Seebeck effect (SSE) and Anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) have been observed in Co/Cu/YIG (yttrium iron garnet) multi-layer structure, where the ferromagnetic insulator YIG acts as the pure spin injector and the ferromagnetic metal Co layer acts as the spin current detector. With the insertion of 5 nm Cu layer, the two ferromagnetic layers are decoupled, thus allowing unambiguous separation of the SSE and ANE contributions under the same experimental conditions in the same sample.

Separation of spin Seebeck effect and anomalous Nernst effect in Co/Cu/YIG

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tian, Dai; Li, Yufan; Qu, D.

2015-05-25

The spin Seebeck effect (SSE) and Anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) have been observed in Co/Cu/YIG (yttrium iron garnet) multi-layer structure, where the ferromagnetic insulator YIG acts as the pure spin injector and the ferromagnetic metal Co layer acts as the spin current detector. With the insertion of 5 nm Cu layer, the two ferromagnetic layers are decoupled, thus allowing unambiguous separation of the SSE and ANE contributions under the same experimental conditions in the same sample.

Mathematical model of solar radiation based on climatological data from NASA SSE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Obukhov, S. G.; Plotnikov, I. A.; Masolov, V. G.

2018-05-01

An original model of solar radiation arriving at the arbitrarily oriented surface has been developed. The peculiarity of the model is that it uses numerical values of the atmospheric transparency index and the surface albedo from the NASA SSE database as initial data. The model is developed in the MatLab/Simulink environment to predict the main characteristics of solar radiation for any geographical point in Russia, including those for territories with no regular actinometric observations.

Estimating cellular parameters through optimization procedures: elementary principles and applications.

PubMed

Kimura, Akatsuki; Celani, Antonio; Nagao, Hiromichi; Stasevich, Timothy; Nakamura, Kazuyuki

2015-01-01

Construction of quantitative models is a primary goal of quantitative biology, which aims to understand cellular and organismal phenomena in a quantitative manner. In this article, we introduce optimization procedures to search for parameters in a quantitative model that can reproduce experimental data. The aim of optimization is to minimize the sum of squared errors (SSE) in a prediction or to maximize likelihood. A (local) maximum of likelihood or (local) minimum of the SSE can efficiently be identified using gradient approaches. Addition of a stochastic process enables us to identify the global maximum/minimum without becoming trapped in local maxima/minima. Sampling approaches take advantage of increasing computational power to test numerous sets of parameters in order to determine the optimum set. By combining Bayesian inference with gradient or sampling approaches, we can estimate both the optimum parameters and the form of the likelihood function related to the parameters. Finally, we introduce four examples of research that utilize parameter optimization to obtain biological insights from quantified data: transcriptional regulation, bacterial chemotaxis, morphogenesis, and cell cycle regulation. With practical knowledge of parameter optimization, cell and developmental biologists can develop realistic models that reproduce their observations and thus, obtain mechanistic insights into phenomena of interest.

Quantitative traits and diversification.

PubMed

FitzJohn, Richard G

2010-12-01

Quantitative traits have long been hypothesized to affect speciation and extinction rates. For example, smaller body size or increased specialization may be associated with increased rates of diversification. Here, I present a phylogenetic likelihood-based method (quantitative state speciation and extinction [QuaSSE]) that can be used to test such hypotheses using extant character distributions. This approach assumes that diversification follows a birth-death process where speciation and extinction rates may vary with one or more traits that evolve under a diffusion model. Speciation and extinction rates may be arbitrary functions of the character state, allowing much flexibility in testing models of trait-dependent diversification. I test the approach using simulated phylogenies and show that a known relationship between speciation and a quantitative character could be recovered in up to 80% of the cases on large trees (500 species). Consistent with other approaches, detecting shifts in diversification due to differences in extinction rates was harder than when due to differences in speciation rates. Finally, I demonstrate the application of QuaSSE to investigate the correlation between body size and diversification in primates, concluding that clade-specific differences in diversification may be more important than size-dependent diversification in shaping the patterns of diversity within this group.

Interim Safe Storage of Plutonium Production Reactors at the US DOE Hanford Site - 13438

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schilperoort, Daryl L.; Faulk, Darrin

2013-07-01

Nine plutonium production reactors located on DOE's Hanford Site are being placed into an Interim Safe Storage (ISS) period that extends to 2068. The Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for ISS [1] was completed in 1993 and proposed a 75-year storage period that began when the EIS was finalized. Remote electronic monitoring of the temperature and water level alarms inside the safe storage enclosure (SSE) with visual inspection inside the SSE every 5 years are the only planned operational activities during this ISS period. At the end of the ISS period, the reactor cores will be removed intact and buried inmore » a landfill on the Hanford Site. The ISS period allows for radioactive decay of isotopes, primarily Co-60 and Cs-137, to reduce the dose exposure during disposal of the reactor cores. Six of the nine reactors have been placed into ISS by having an SSE constructed around the reactor core. (authors)« less

The generalized Sellmeier equation for air

PubMed Central

Voronin, A. A.; Zheltikov, A. M.

2017-01-01

We present a compact, uniform generalized Sellmeier-equation (GSE) description of air refraction and its dispersion that remains highly accurate within an ultrabroad spectral range from the ultraviolet to the long-wavelength infrared. While the standard Sellmeier equation (SSE) for atmospheric air is not intended for the description of air refractivity in the mid-infrared and long-wavelength infrared, failing beyond, roughly 2.5 μm, our generalization of this equation is shown to agree remarkably well with full-scale air-refractivity calculations involving over half a million atmospheric absorption lines, providing a highly accurate description of air refractivity in the range of wavelengths from 0.3 to 13 μm. With its validity range being substantially broader than the applicability range of the SSE and its accuracy being at least an order of magnitude higher than the accuracy that the SSE can provide even within its validity range, the GSE-based approach offers a powerful analytical tool for the rapidly progressing mid- and long-wavelength-infrared optics of the atmosphere. PMID:28836624

Site selectivity on chalcogen atoms in superconducting La(O,F)BiSSe

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tanaka, Masashi, E-mail: Tanaka.Masashi@nims.go.jp; Matsushita, Yoshitaka; Fujioka, Masaya

2015-03-16

Single crystals of La(O,F)BiSSe were grown by using a CsCl flux method. Single crystal X-ray structural analysis reveals that the crystal structure is isostructural to the BiS{sub 2}- or BiSe{sub 2}-based compounds crystallizing with space group P4/nmm (lattice parameters a = 4.1110(2) Å, c = 13.6010(7) Å). However, the S atoms are selectively occupied at the apical site of the Bi-SSe pyramids in the superconducting layer. The single crystals show a superconducting transition at around 4.2 K in the magnetic susceptibility and resistivity measurements. The superconducting anisotropic parameter is determined to be 34–35 from its upper critical magnetic field. The anisotropy is in the same range withmore » that of other members of the La(O,F)BiCh{sub 2} (Ch = S, Se) family under ambient pressure.« less

K-Means Algorithm Performance Analysis With Determining The Value Of Starting Centroid With Random And KD-Tree Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sirait, Kamson; Tulus; Budhiarti Nababan, Erna

2017-12-01

Clustering methods that have high accuracy and time efficiency are necessary for the filtering process. One method that has been known and applied in clustering is K-Means Clustering. In its application, the determination of the begining value of the cluster center greatly affects the results of the K-Means algorithm. This research discusses the results of K-Means Clustering with starting centroid determination with a random and KD-Tree method. The initial determination of random centroid on the data set of 1000 student academic data to classify the potentially dropout has a sse value of 952972 for the quality variable and 232.48 for the GPA, whereas the initial centroid determination by KD-Tree has a sse value of 504302 for the quality variable and 214,37 for the GPA variable. The smaller sse values indicate that the result of K-Means Clustering with initial KD-Tree centroid selection have better accuracy than K-Means Clustering method with random initial centorid selection.

Training Informal Educators Provides Leverage for Space Science Education and Public Outreach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, J. S.; Tobola, K. W.; Betrue, R.

2004-01-01

How do we reach the public with the exciting story of Solar System Exploration? How do we encourage girls to think about careers in science, math, engineering and technology? Why should NASA scientists make an effort to reach the public and informal education settings to tell the Solar System Exploration story? These are questions that the Solar System Exploration Forum, a part of the NASA Office of Space Science Education (SSE) and Public Outreach network, has tackled over the past few years. The SSE Forum is a group of education teams and scientists who work to share the excitement of solar system exploration with colleagues, formal educators, and informal educators like museums and youth groups. One major area of the SSE Forum outreach supports the training of Girl Scouts of the USA (GS) leaders and trainers in a suite of activities that reflect NASA missions and science research. Youth groups like Girl Scouts structure their activities as informal education.

Approximating Exponential and Logarithmic Functions Using Polynomial Interpolation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gordon, Sheldon P.; Yang, Yajun

2017-01-01

This article takes a closer look at the problem of approximating the exponential and logarithmic functions using polynomials. Either as an alternative to or a precursor to Taylor polynomial approximations at the precalculus level, interpolating polynomials are considered. A measure of error is given and the behaviour of the error function is…

On the origin of stretched exponential (Kohlrausch) relaxation kinetics in the room temperature luminescence decay of colloidal quantum dots.

PubMed

Bodunov, E N; Antonov, Yu A; Simões Gamboa, A L

2017-03-21

The non-exponential room temperature luminescence decay of colloidal quantum dots is often well described by a stretched exponential function. However, the physical meaning of the parameters of the function is not clear in the majority of cases reported in the literature. In this work, the room temperature stretched exponential luminescence decay of colloidal quantum dots is investigated theoretically in an attempt to identify the underlying physical mechanisms associated with the parameters of the function. Three classes of non-radiative transition processes between the excited and ground states of colloidal quantum dots are discussed: long-range resonance energy transfer, multiphonon relaxation, and contact quenching without diffusion. It is shown that multiphonon relaxation cannot explain a stretched exponential functional form of the luminescence decay while such dynamics of relaxation can be understood in terms of long-range resonance energy transfer to acceptors (molecules, quantum dots, or anharmonic molecular vibrations) in the environment of the quantum dots acting as energy-donors or by contact quenching by acceptors (surface traps or molecules) distributed statistically on the surface of the quantum dots. These non-radiative transition processes are assigned to different ranges of the stretching parameter β.

Jointing patterns and tectonic evolution of the Maciço Calcário Estremenho, Lusitanian Basin, Portugal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carvalho, Jorge M. F.

2018-05-01

The Maciço Calcário Estremenho (MCE) is an uplifted Jurassic limestone massif unit of the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal, where five main joint sets trending NNE-SSW, WSW-ENE, WNW-ESE, NW-SE, and NNW-SSE are recognized. Except for the NNW-SSE set, all the other sets host calcite veins and barren joints, evidencing a multistage development by several deformation episodes, including shear reactivation. Orthogonal patterns defined by the NNE-SSW/WNW-ESE and NNW-SSE/WSW-ENE systems are characteristic of some tectonostratigraphic units of the MCE, but the sets of each one of the systems are genetically independent. They result from specific deformation episodes undergone by the studied area in the course of its Meso-Cenozoic evolution. NNE-SSW calcite veins were the first to form during Middle Jurassic fault-controlled subsidence. A renewal of this set as barren joints took place during the Eocene Pyrenean compressive phase. The WSW-ENE and WNW-ESE sets have a restricted spatial distribution and relate to transient compressive episodes of the Middle - Late Jurassic and Jurassic - Cretaceous transitions, respectively. The NW-SE set, also characteristic of a specific region, formed during the Late Jurassic rifting and is related to local NE-SW tension dependent on block tilting towards a major NW-SE fault. The Miocene Betic compressive phase is responsible for the formation of the NNW-SSE set, which is widespread throughout the MCE.

Skin examination behavior: The role of melanoma history, skin type, psychosocial factors, and region of residence in determining clinical and self-conducted skin examination

PubMed Central

Kasparian, Nadine A.; Bränström, Richard; Chang, Yu-mei; Affleck, Paul; Aspinwall, Lisa G.; Tibben, Aad; Azizi, Esther; Baron-Epel, Orna; Battistuzzi, Linda; Bruno, William; Chan, May; Cuellar, Francisco; Debniak, Tadeusz; Pjanova, Dace; Ertmanski, Slawomir; Figl, Adina; Gonzalez, Melinda; Hayward, Nicholas K.; Hocevar, Marko; Kanetsky, Peter A.; Leachman, Sancy; Bergman, Wilma; Heisele, Olita; Palmer, Jane; Peric, Barbara; Puig, Susana; Schadendorf, Dirk; Gruis, Nelleke A.; Newton-Bishop, Julia; Brandberg, Yvonne

2016-01-01

Objective This study examined the frequency and correlates of skin examination behaviors in an international sample of individuals at varying risk of developing melanoma. Design A cross-sectional, web-based survey design was implemented. Setting Data were collected from the general population over a 20-month period on behalf of GenoMEL, the Melanoma Genetics Consortium (www.genomel.org). Participants 8,178 adults from Northern (32%), Central (33%), and Southern (14%) Europe, Australia (13%), and the USA (8%). Outcome measures Self-reported frequency of skin self-examination (SSE) and clinical skin examination (CSE). Results After adjusting for age and gender, frequency of skin examination was higher in both Australia (ORSSE=1.80, 99% Confidence Interval: 1.49, 2.18; OR CSE=2.68, 99% CI: 2.23, 3.23) and the USA (OR SSE=2.28, 99% CI: 1.76, 2.94; OR CSE=3.39, 99% CI: 2.60, 4.18) compared to the three European regions combined. Within Europe, participants from Southern Europe reported higher rates of SSE compared to Northern Europe (OR SSE=1.61, 99% CI: 1.31, 1.97), and frequency of CSE was higher in both Central (OR CSE=1.47, 99% CI: 1.22, 1.78) and Southern Europe (OR CSE=3.46, 99% CI: 2.78, 4.31) compared to Northern Europe. Skin examination behavior also varied according to melanoma history; participants with no history of melanoma reported the lowest levels of skin examination, while participants with a previous melanoma diagnosis reported the highest levels. After adjusting for region, and taking into account the role of age, gender, skin type and mole count, engagement in SSE and CSE was associated with a range of psychosocial factors, including: perceived risk of developing melanoma; perceived benefits of, and barriers to, skin examination; perceived confidence in one’s ability to engage in screening; and social norms. In addition, among those with no history of melanoma, higher cancer-related worry was associated with greater frequency of SSE. Conclusions Given the strong association between psychosocial factors and skin examination behaviors, particularly amongst people with no history of melanoma, we recommend that greater attempts be made to integrate psycho-education into the fabric of public health initiatives and clinical care, with clinicians, researchers, and advocacy groups playing a key role in guiding individuals to appropriate tools and resources. PMID:22801744

A Simulation of the ECSS Help Desk with the Erlang a Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

a popular distribution is the exponential distribution as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3: Exponential Distribution ( Bourke , 2001) Exponential...System Sciences, Vol 8, 235B. Bourke , P. (2001, January). Miscellaneous Functions. Retrieved January 22, 2011, from http://local.wasp.uwa.edu.au

[A modification of the Gompertz plot resulting from the age index by Ries and an approximation of the survivorship curve (author's transl)].

PubMed

Lohmann, W

1978-01-01

The shape of the survivorship curve can easily be interpreted on condition that the probability of death is proportional to an exponentially rising function of ageing. According to the formation of a sum for determining of the age index by Ries it was investigated to what extent the survivorship curve may be approximated by a sum of exponentials. It follows that the difference between the pure exponential function and a sum of exponentials by using possible values is lying within the random variation. Because the probability of death for different diseases is variable, the new statement is a better one.

Electronic and optical response of zirconium sulphoselenides: Compton spectroscopy and first-principles calculations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Kishor; Bhatt, Samir; Jani, A. R.; Ahuja, B. L.

2015-12-01

We present the first-ever experimental Compton profiles (CPs) of ZrSSe2 and ZrS1.5Se1.5 using 100 mCi 241Am Compton spectrometer. To analyze the experimental momentum densities, we have computed for the first-time the CPs, energy bands and density of states using linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) method. To model the exchange and correlation effects within LCAO approach, we have considered Hartree-Fock (HF), density functional theory (DFT) with revised functional of Perdew-Becke-Ernzerhof (PBEsol) and hybridization of HF and DFT. Going beyond computation of electronic properties using LCAO method, we have also derived electronic and optical properties using the modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) potential within full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. There is notable decrease in the energy band gap on replacing S by Se atoms in ZrSSe2 to obtain ZrS1.5Se1.5 composition, which is mainly attributed to readjustment of Zr-4d, S-3p and Se-4p states. It is seen that the CPs based on hybridization of HF and DFT show a better agreement with the experimental profiles than those based on individual HF and DFT-GGA-PBEsol schemes. The optical properties computed using FP-LAPW-mBJ method unambiguously depict feasibility of using both the sulphoselenides in photovoltaics and also utility of ZrS1.5Se1.5 in the field of non-linear optics.

Heuristic lipophilicity potential for computer-aided rational drug design: Optimizations of screening functions and parameters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Qishi; Mezey, Paul G.

1998-09-01

In this research we test and compare three possible atom-basedscreening functions used in the heuristic molecular lipophilicity potential(HMLP). Screening function 1 is a power distance-dependent function, b_{{i}} /| {R_{{i}}- r} |^γ, screening function 2is an exponential distance-dependent function, biexp(-| {R_i- r} |/d_0 , and screening function 3 is aweighted distance-dependent function, {{sign}}( {b_i } ){{exp}}ξ ( {| {R_i- r} |/| {b_i } |} )For every screening function, the parameters (γ ,d0, and ξ are optimized using 41 common organic molecules of 4 types of compounds:aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic carboxylic acids, aliphatic amines, andaliphatic alkanes. The results of calculations show that screening function3 cannot give chemically reasonable results, however, both the powerscreening function and the exponential screening function give chemicallysatisfactory results. There are two notable differences between screeningfunctions 1 and 2. First, the exponential screening function has largervalues in the short distance than the power screening function, thereforemore influence from the nearest neighbors is involved using screeningfunction 2 than screening function 1. Second, the power screening functionhas larger values in the long distance than the exponential screeningfunction, therefore screening function 1 is effected by atoms at longdistance more than screening function 2. For screening function 1, thesuitable range of parameter d0 is 1.5 < d0 < 3.0, and d0 = 2.0 is recommended. HMLP developed in this researchprovides a potential tool for computer-aided three-dimensional drugdesign.

Crystalline structure of Cu4SSe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amiraslanov, I. R.; Alieva, N. A.; Guseinov, G. G.

2016-12-01

Ternary compound Cu4SSe has been first synthesized by alloying the Cu, S, and Se elements taken in stoichiometric ratios. An X-ray diffraction study of polycrystalline samples has revealed the synthesized material to be crystallized into the trigonal system with unit-cell parameters a = 4.021(1) Å, c = 6.838(1) Å, and V = 95.75(4) Å3; sp. gr. P bar 3 m1; Z = 1; D x = 6.333(3) g/cm3. The crystal structure has been solved and refined to the reliability factor R Bragg = 0.40%.

Integrated Solar System Exploration Education and Public Outreach: Theme, Products and Activities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lowes, Leslie; Lindstrom, Marilyn; Stockman, Stephanie; Scalice, Daniela; Allen, Jaclyn; Tobola, Kay; Klug, Sheri; Harmon, Art

2004-01-01

NASA's Solar System Exploration Program is entering an unprecedented period of exploration and discovery. Its goal is to understand the origin and evolution of the solar system and life within it. SSE missions are operating or in development to study the far reaches of our solar system and beyond. These missions proceed in sequence for each body from reconnaissance flybys through orbiters and landers or rovers to sample returns. SSE research programs develop new instruments, analyze mission data or returned samples, and provide experimental or theoretical models to aid in interpretation.

SSE-based Thomas algorithm for quasi-block-tridiagonal linear equation systems, optimized for small dense blocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barnaś, Dawid; Bieniasz, Lesław K.

2017-07-01

We have recently developed a vectorized Thomas solver for quasi-block tridiagonal linear algebraic equation systems using Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE) and Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) in operations on dense blocks [D. Barnaś and L. K. Bieniasz, Int. J. Comput. Meth., accepted]. The acceleration caused by vectorization was observed for large block sizes, but was less satisfactory for small blocks. In this communication we report on another version of the solver, optimized for small blocks of size up to four rows and/or columns.

Epitaxial growth and photoluminescence of hexagonal CdS 1- xSe x alloy films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grün, M.; Gerlach, H.; Breitkopf, Th.; Hetterich, M.; Reznitsky, A.; Kalt, H.; Klingshirn, C.

1995-01-01

CdSSe ternary alloy films were grown on GaAs(111) by hot-wall beam epitaxy. The hexagonal crystal phase is obtained. The composition varies from 0 to 40% selenium. Luminescence spectroscopy at low temperatures shows a dominant effect by alloy disorder. Localization of carriers, for example, is still observed at a pulsed optical excitation density of 6 mJ/cm 2. The overall quality of the CdSSe films is sufficient to use them as buffer layers for the growth of hexagonal superlattices.

Free piston space Stirling technology program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dochat, G. R.; Dhar, M.

1989-01-01

MTI recently completed an initial technology feasibility program for NASA by designing, fabricating and testing a space power demonstrator engine (SPDE). This program, which confirms the potential of free-piston Stirling engines, provided the major impetus to initiate a free-piston Stirling space engine (SSE) technology program. The accomplishments of the SPDE program are reviewed, and an overview of the SSE technology program and technical status to date is provided. It is shown that progress in both programs continues to justify its potential for either nuclear or solar space power missions.

A Test of the Exponential Distribution for Stand Structure Definition in Uneven-aged Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stands

Treesearch

Paul A. Murphy; Robert M. Farrar

1981-01-01

In this study, 588 before-cut and 381 after-cut diameter distributions of uneven-aged loblolly-shortleaf pinestands were fitted to two different forms of the exponential probability density function. The left truncated and doubly truncated forms of the exponential were used.

On the Gibbs phenomenon 3: Recovering exponential accuracy in a sub-interval from a spectral partial sum of a piecewise analytic function

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gottlieb, David; Shu, Chi-Wang

1993-01-01

The investigation of overcoming Gibbs phenomenon was continued, i.e., obtaining exponential accuracy at all points including at the discontinuities themselves, from the knowledge of a spectral partial sum of a discontinuous but piecewise analytic function. It was shown that if we are given the first N expansion coefficients of an L(sub 2) function f(x) in terms of either the trigonometrical polynomials or the Chebyshev or Legendre polynomials, an exponentially convergent approximation to the point values of f(x) in any sub-interval in which it is analytic can be constructed.

Extent of slow slip events in the Guerrero seismic gap (Mexico): observations from space-borne SAR interferometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pathier, E.; Bacques, G.; Doin, M.; Cavalié, O.; Radiguet, M.; Lasserre, C.; Cotte, N.; Walpersdorf, A.

2013-12-01

Since 1998, four slow slip events (SSEs) have been recorded by geodesy in the Guerrero state of Mexico. They occurred on the subduction interface where the Coco plate subducts at about 6 cm/year beneath the North-America plate. SSEs spatially overlap the seismic gap of Guerrero which is a 100km-long portion of the Mexican subduction zone where no significant earthquakes have occurred since 1911. This duration contrasts with the average recurrence time of 30-60 years for large subduction earthquakes observed along the Mexican subduction zone (Nishenko and Singh, 1987a). To the west, the gap is limited by the slip distribution of the 1979 (M=7.6) and the 1985 (M=8.1) earthquakes, and to the east by the 1957 (M=7.8) and 1962 Acapulco events (M=7 and 7.1). An important issue is to know whether SSEs penetrate into the seismogenic zone and whether they are restricted to the seismic gap or have a larger extent. Radiguet et al, (2012) studied three SSEs that occurred in 2002, 2006 and 2009-2010, based on continuous GPS data. They show that SSEs have variable lateral extents, with significant slip within the 100km-long seismic gap, but also occurring on a wider area with a 250 km lateral extension when considering slip downdip the seismogenic zone (estimated to end at about 25km depth according to Suarez et al, 1990). Within the gap, results from Radiguet et al. suggest also that SSE can propagate shallower than the 25 km limit and that, west of the gap, the aseismic slip overlaps the 1979 and the 1985 earthquakes coseismic slip distribution. However, the GPS network design used in their analysis is mainly composed of two perpendicular profiles: a profile along the coast and a profile perpendicular to the coast from Acapulco to Mexico. Away from these profiles the resolution of the SSE location decreases rapidly, which limits the analysis of SSE extents. Here, we used space-borne SAR interferometry (InSAR) to overcome this limitation. Despite atmospheric and decorrelation difficulties, InSAR has proved its capacity to spatially complement GPS measurement in the Guerrero area for measuring SSE (Cavalié et al 2013). Our study focuses on the 2006 and 2009-2010 SSE using ENVISAT data. We provide additional observation confirming that SSE extend larger than the seismic gap and seems to be shallower within the gap. Such a large spatial extent can be thought as a source of potential destabilization by SSE of an area larger than the Guerrero seismic gap sensu-stricto, that may be comparable to the area supposed to have been affected by the 1899-1911 earthquake sequence. This view is in agreement with some authors like Suarez et al (1990) that suggested a wider definition of the Guerrero gap, up to Omepetec (99°W), having the potential for an earthquake of magnitude as high as 8.4.

Tunable electronic structures of germanium monochalcogenide nanosheets via light non-metallic atom functionalization: a first-principles study.

PubMed

Ding, Yi; Wang, Yanli

2016-08-17

Germanium monochalcogenides, i.e. GeS and GeSe sheets, are isoelectronic analogues of phosphorene, which have been synthesized in recent experiments (P. Ramasamy et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2016, 4, 479). Utilizing first-principles calculations, we have investigated their tunable electronic and magnetic properties via light non-metallic atom (B, C, N, O, Si, P, S) functionalization. We find that on these GeS and GeSe sheets O and S adatoms prefer to locate at the top site above the Ge atom, while the other ones like to occupy the anion site, which push the original S/Se atom to the hollow site instead. O and S adatoms slightly affect the semiconducting behaviour of the doped systems, while B, C, N, Si, P ones will drastically modify their band structures and induce versatile spintronic properties. Through the supercell calculations, B and C adatoms are found to induce a bipolar semiconducting behaviour in the decorated systems, while the N/P adatom will cause a spin-gapless-semiconducting/nearly-half-metallic feature in them. The B/C/N/Si/P-substituted GeS/GeSe sheet can be formed by removing the hollow-site S/Se atom from the adatom-decorated structures, which exhibit an opposite semiconducting/metallic behaviour to their phosphorene counterparts. A general odd-even rule is proposed for this phenomenon, which shows that an odd (even) number of valence electron difference between the substitution and host atoms would cause a metallic (semiconducting) feature in the substituted systems. Our study demonstrates that atom functionalization is an efficient way to tailor the properties of GeS and GeSe nanosheets, which have adaptable electronic properties for potential applications in nanoelectronics and spintronics.

The Pearling Transition Provides Evidence of Force-Driven Endosomal Tubulation during Salmonella Infection.

PubMed

Gao, Yunfeng; Spahn, Christoph; Heilemann, Mike; Kenney, Linda J

2018-06-19

Bacterial pathogens exploit eukaryotic pathways for their own end. Upon ingestion, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium passes through the stomach and then catalyzes its uptake across the intestinal epithelium. It survives and replicates in an acidic vacuole through the action of virulence factors secreted by a type three secretion system located on Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2). Two secreted effectors, SifA and SseJ, are sufficient for endosomal tubule formation, which modifies the vacuole and enables Salmonella to replicate within it. Two-color, superresolution imaging of the secreted virulence factor SseJ and tubulin revealed that SseJ formed clusters of conserved size at regular, periodic intervals in the host cytoplasm. Analysis of SseJ clustering indicated the presence of a pearling effect, which is a force-driven, osmotically sensitive process. The pearling transition is an instability driven by membranes under tension; it is induced by hypotonic or hypertonic buffer exchange and leads to the formation of beadlike structures of similar size and regular spacing. Reducing the osmolality of the fixation conditions using glutaraldehyde enabled visualization of continuous and intact tubules. Correlation analysis revealed that SseJ was colocalized with the motor protein kinesin. Tubulation of the endoplasmic reticulum is driven by microtubule motors, and in the present work, we describe how Salmonella has coopted the microtubule motor kinesin to drive the force-dependent process of endosomal tubulation. Thus, endosomal tubule formation is a force-driven process catalyzed by Salmonella virulence factors secreted into the host cytoplasm during infection. IMPORTANCE This study represents the first example of using two-color, superresolution imaging to analyze the secretion of Salmonella virulence factors as they are secreted from the SPI-2 type three secretion system. Previous studies imaged effectors that were overexpressed in the host cytoplasm. The present work reveals an unusual force-driven process, the pearling transition, which indicates that Salmonella -induced filaments are under force through the interactions of effector molecules with the motor protein kinesin. This work provides a caution by highlighting how fixation conditions can influence the images observed.

Initial mass function of planetesimals formed by the streaming instability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schäfer, Urs; Yang, Chao-Chin; Johansen, Anders

2017-01-01

The streaming instability is a mechanism to concentrate solid particles into overdense filaments that undergo gravitational collapse and form planetesimals. However, it remains unclear how the initial mass function of these planetesimals depends on the box dimensions of numerical simulations. To resolve this, we perform simulations of planetesimal formation with the largest box dimensions to date, allowing planetesimals to form simultaneously in multiple filaments that can only emerge within such large simulation boxes. In our simulations, planetesimals with sizes between 80 km and several hundred kilometers form. We find that a power law with a rather shallow exponential cutoff at the high-mass end represents the cumulative birth mass function better than an integrated power law. The steepness of the exponential cutoff is largely independent of box dimensions and resolution, while the exponent of the power law is not constrained at the resolutions we employ. Moreover, we find that the characteristic mass scale of the exponential cutoff correlates with the mass budget in each filament. Together with previous studies of high-resolution simulations with small box domains, our results therefore imply that the cumulative birth mass function of planetesimals is consistent with an exponentially tapered power law with a power-law exponent of approximately -1.6 and a steepness of the exponential cutoff in the range of 0.3-0.4.

Geometry of the q-exponential distribution with dependent competing risks and accelerated life testing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Fode; Shi, Yimin; Wang, Ruibing

2017-02-01

In the information geometry suggested by Amari (1985) and Amari et al. (1987), a parametric statistical model can be regarded as a differentiable manifold with the parameter space as a coordinate system. Note that the q-exponential distribution plays an important role in Tsallis statistics (see Tsallis, 2009), this paper investigates the geometry of the q-exponential distribution with dependent competing risks and accelerated life testing (ALT). A copula function based on the q-exponential function, which can be considered as the generalized Gumbel copula, is discussed to illustrate the structure of the dependent random variable. Employing two iterative algorithms, simulation results are given to compare the performance of estimations and levels of association under different hybrid progressively censoring schemes (HPCSs).

Microcomputer Calculation of Theoretical Pre-Exponential Factors for Bimolecular Reactions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Venugopalan, Mundiyath

1991-01-01

Described is the application of microcomputers to predict reaction rates based on theoretical atomic and molecular properties taught in undergraduate physical chemistry. Listed is the BASIC program which computes the partition functions for any specific bimolecular reactants. These functions are then used to calculate the pre-exponential factor of…

Robust sound speed estimation for ultrasound-based hepatic steatosis assessment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Imbault, Marion; Faccinetto, Alex; Osmanski, Bruno-Félix; Tissier, Antoine; Deffieux, Thomas; Gennisson, Jean-Luc; Vilgrain, Valérie; Tanter, Mickaël

2017-05-01

Hepatic steatosis is a common condition, the prevalence of which is increasing along with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Currently, the most accurate noninvasive imaging method for diagnosing and quantifying hepatic steatosis is MRI, which estimates the proton-density fat fraction (PDFF) as a measure of fractional fat content. However, MRI suffers several limitations including cost, contra-indications and poor availability. Although conventional ultrasound is widely used by radiologists for hepatic steatosis assessment, it remains qualitative and operator dependent. Interestingly, the speed of sound within soft tissues is known to vary slightly from muscle (1.575 mm · µs-1) to fat (1.450 mm · µs-1). Building upon this fact, steatosis could affect liver sound speed when the fat content increases. The main objectives of this study are to propose a robust method for sound speed estimation (SSE) locally in the liver and to assess its accuracy for steatosis detection and staging. This technique was first validated on two phantoms and SSE was assessed with a precision of 0.006 and 0.003 mm · µs-1 respectively for the two phantoms. Then a preliminary clinical trial (N  =  17 patients) was performed. SSE results was found to be highly correlated with MRI proton density fat fraction (R 2  =  0.69) and biopsy (AUROC  =  0.952) results. This new method based on the assessment of spatio-temporal properties of the local speckle noise for SSE provides an efficient way to diagnose and stage hepatic steatosis.

Insights into the causal relationship between slow slip and tectonic tremor in Guerrero, Mexico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Villafuerte, Carlos; Cruz-Atienza, Víctor M.

2017-08-01

Similar to other subduction zones, tectonic tremors (TTs) and slow-slip events (SSEs) take place in the deep segment of the plate interface in Guerrero, Mexico. However, their spatial correlation in this region is not as clear as the episodic tremor and slip observed in Cascadia and Japan. In this study we provide insights into the causal relationship between TTs and SSEs in Guerrero by analyzing the evolution of the deformation fields induced by the long-term 2006 SSE together with new locations of TTs and low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs). Unlike previous studies we find that the SSE slip rate modulates the TT and LFE activity in the whole tremor region. This means that the causal relationship between the SSE and the TT activity directly depends on the stressing rate history of the tremor asperities that is modulated by the surrounding slip rate. We estimated that the frictional strength of the asperities producing tremor downdip in the sweet spot is around 3.2 kPa, which is 2.3 times smaller than the corresponding value updip in the transient zone, partly explaining the overwhelming tremor activity of the sweet spot despite that the slow slip there is smaller. Based on the LFE occurrence-rate history during the interlong-term SSE period, we determined that the short-term SSEs in Guerrero take place further downdip (about 35 km) than previously estimated, with maximum slip of about 8 mm in the sweet spot. This new model features a continuum of slow slip extending across the entire tremor region of Guerrero.

Children's Hospitals' Solutions for Patient Safety Collaborative Impact on Hospital-Acquired Harm.

PubMed

Lyren, Anne; Brilli, Richard J; Zieker, Karen; Marino, Miguel; Muething, Stephen; Sharek, Paul J

2017-09-01

To determine if an improvement collaborative of 33 children's hospitals focused on reliable best practice implementation and culture of safety improvements can reduce hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) and serious safety events (SSEs). A 3-year prospective cohort study design with a 12-month historical control population was completed by the Children's Hospitals' Solutions for Patient Safety collaborative. Identification and dissemination of best practices related to 9 HACs and SSE reduction focused on key process and culture of safety improvements. Individual hospital improvement teams leveraged the resources of a large, structured children's hospital collaborative using electronic, virtual, and in-person interactions. Thirty-three children's hospitals from across the United States volunteered to be part of the Children's Hospitals' Solutions for Patient Safety collaborative. Thirty-two met all the data submission eligibility requirements for the HAC improvement objective of this study, and 21 participated in the high-reliability culture work aimed at reducing SSEs. Significant harm reduction occurred in 8 of 9 common HACs (range 9%-71%; P < .005 for all). The mean monthly SSE rate decreased 32% (from 0.77 to 0.52; P < .001). The 12-month rolling average SSE rate decreased 50% (from 0.82 to 0.41; P < .001). Participation in a structured collaborative dedicated to implementing HAC-related best-practice prevention bundles and culture of safety interventions designed to increase the use of high-reliability organization practices resulted in significant HAC and SSE reductions. Structured collaboration and rapid sharing of evidence-based practices and tools are effective approaches to decreasing hospital-acquired harm. Copyright © 2017 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

A Comparison of Two Algorithms for the Simulation of Non-Homogeneous Poisson Processes with Degree-Two Exponential Polynomial Intensity Function.

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-09-01

process with an event streaa intensity (rate) function that is of degree-two exponential pclyncaial foru. (The use of exponential pclynoaials is...4 \\v 01 ^3 C \\ \\ •r- S_ \\ \\ O \\ \\ a \\ \\ V IA C 4-> \\ \\ •«- c \\ 1 <— 3 • o \\ \\ Ol (J \\ \\ O U —1 <o \\ I...would serve as a good initial approxiaation t* , f-r the Newton-Raphson aethod. However, for the purpose of this implementation, the end point which

Bayesian inference based on dual generalized order statistics from the exponentiated Weibull model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Al Sobhi, Mashail M.

2015-02-01

Bayesian estimation for the two parameters and the reliability function of the exponentiated Weibull model are obtained based on dual generalized order statistics (DGOS). Also, Bayesian prediction bounds for future DGOS from exponentiated Weibull model are obtained. The symmetric and asymmetric loss functions are considered for Bayesian computations. The Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are used for computing the Bayes estimates and prediction bounds. The results have been specialized to the lower record values. Comparisons are made between Bayesian and maximum likelihood estimators via Monte Carlo simulation.

Enhanced spin Seebeck effect signal due to spin-momentum locked topological surface states

DOE PAGES

Jiang, Zilong; Chang, Cui -Zu; Masir, Massoud Ramezani; ...

2016-05-04

Spin-momentum locking in protected surface states enables efficient electrical detection of magnon decay at a magnetic-insulator/topological-insulator heterojunction. Here we demonstrate this property using the spin Seebeck effect (SSE), that is, measuring the transverse thermoelectric response to a temperature gradient across a thin film of yttrium iron garnet, an insulating ferrimagnet, and forming a heterojunction with (Bi xSb 1–x) 2Te 3, a topological insulator. The non-equilibrium magnon population established at the interface can decay in part by interactions of magnons with electrons near the Fermi energy of the topological insulator. When this decay channel is made active by tuning (Bi xSbmore » 1–x) 2Te 3 into a bulk insulator, a large electromotive force emerges in the direction perpendicular to the in-plane magnetization of yttrium iron garnet. Lastly, the enhanced, tunable SSE which occurs when the Fermi level lies in the bulk gap offers unique advantages over the usual SSE in metals and therefore opens up exciting possibilities in spintronics.« less

Quantitative separation of the anisotropic magnetothermopower and planar Nernst effect by the rotation of an in-plane thermal gradient

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reimer, Oliver; Meier, Daniel; Bovender, Michel; Helmich, Lars; Dreessen, Jan-Oliver; Krieft, Jan; Shestakov, Anatoly S.; Back, Christian H.; Schmalhorst, Jan-Michael; Hütten, Andreas; Reiss, Günter; Kuschel, Timo

2017-01-01

A thermal gradient as the driving force for spin currents plays a key role in spin caloritronics. In this field the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) is of major interest and was investigated in terms of in-plane thermal gradients inducing perpendicular spin currents (transverse SSE) and out-of-plane thermal gradients generating parallel spin currents (longitudinal SSE). Up to now all spincaloric experiments employ a spatially fixed thermal gradient. Thus, anisotropic measurements with respect to well defined crystallographic directions were not possible. Here we introduce a new experiment that allows not only the in-plane rotation of the external magnetic field, but also the rotation of an in-plane thermal gradient controlled by optical temperature detection. As a consequence, the anisotropic magnetothermopower and the planar Nernst effect in a permalloy thin film can be measured simultaneously. Thus, the angular dependence of the magnetothermopower with respect to the magnetization direction reveals a phase shift, that allows the quantitative separation of the thermopower, the anisotropic magnetothermopower and the planar Nernst effect.

Systems Simulation of NASA Shooting Star Experiment Using Matlab/Simulink

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reagan, Shawn

1997-01-01

The Shooting Star Experiment (SSE) is an experiment that incorporates advance propulsion technology. This project is being managed by the Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama. Whenever spacecraft are launched from Low Earth Orbit (LEO), (typically 150 nautical miles) they are powered by a upper propulsive stage utilizing either a solid or liquid propellant engine. A typically mission for a spacecraft utilizing an upper stage would be a transfer from LEO to a Geostationary Orbit (GEO) or an interplanetary mission. These upper stages are heavy and bulky because they must carry propellants to provide sufficient energy to perform the mission. The SSE utilizes the energy of the Sun by focusing this energy by means of a Frensel lens into an engine where hydrogen (or nitrogen) gas is injected. The focusing of the solar energy heats the engine to very high temperatures. When the gas is injected into the hot engine, the gas is expelled at very high velocities. This process is extremely efficient. Because of the efficiency of the SSE type engine, more payload can be carried for a typical mission since the propulsive element is much smaller.

The design and fabrication of a Stirling engine heat exchanger module with an integral heat pipe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schreiber, Jeffrey G.

1988-01-01

The conceptual design of a free-piston Stirling Space Engine (SSE) intended for space power applications has been generated. The engine was designed to produce 25 kW of electric power with heat supplied by a nuclear reactor. A novel heat exchanger module was designed to reduce the number of critical joints in the heat exchanger assembly while also incorporating a heat pipe as the link between the engine and the heat source. Two inexpensive verification tests are proposed. The SSE heat exchanger module is described and the operating conditions for the module are outlined. The design process of the heat exchanger modules, including the sodium heat pipe, is briefly described. Similarities between the proposed SSE heat exchanger modules and the LeRC test modules for two test engines are presented. The benefits and weaknesses of using a sodium heat pipe to transport heat to a Stirling engine are discussed. Similarly, the problems encountered when using a true heat pipe, as opposed to a more simple reflux boiler, are described. The instruments incorporated into the modules and the test program are also outlined.

Composition control and localization of S2- in CdSSe quantum dots grown from Li4[Cd10Se4(SPh)16].

PubMed

Lovingood, Derek D; Oyler, Ryan E; Strouse, Geoffrey F

2008-12-17

The development of ternary nanoscale materials with controlled cross-sectional doping is an important step for the use of chemically prepared quantum dots for nanoscale engineering applications. We report cross-sectional, elemental doping with the formation of an alloyed CdSSe nanocrystal from the thermal decomposition of Li(4)[Cd(10)Se(4)(SPh)(16)]. The sulfur incorporation arises from surface-mediated phenylthiolate degradation on the growing quantum dot surface. In the alloy, we identify a pure CdSe nucleus of approximately 1.5 nm, consistent with the predictions of nucleation theory. As the particle grows, S(2-) incorporation increases until the CdSSe reaches approximately 4 nm, where a marked reduction in phenylthiolate content on the nanocrystal is observed by CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy, implying that rapid decomposition of the phenylthiolate arises with subsequent enhanced S(2-) incorporation at the level of the stoichiometry of the reaction (namely approximately 60%). The use of molecular clusters to allow controlled defect ion incorporation can open new pathways to more complex nanomaterials.

Software technology testbed softpanel prototype

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

The following subject areas are covered: analysis of using Ada for the development of real-time control systems for the Space Station; analysis of the functionality of the Application Generator; analysis of the User Support Environment criteria; analysis of the SSE tools and procedures which are to be used for the development of ground/flight software for the Space Station; analysis if the CBATS tutorial (an Ada tutorial package); analysis of Interleaf; analysis of the Integration, Test and Verification process of the Space Station; analysis of the DMS on-orbit flight architecture; analysis of the simulation architecture.

AN EMPIRICAL FORMULA FOR THE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION OF A THIN EXPONENTIAL DISC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sharma, Sanjib; Bland-Hawthorn, Joss

2013-08-20

An empirical formula for a Shu distribution function that reproduces a thin disc with exponential surface density to good accuracy is presented. The formula has two free parameters that specify the functional form of the velocity dispersion. Conventionally, this requires the use of an iterative algorithm to produce the correct solution, which is computationally taxing for applications like Markov Chain Monte Carlo model fitting. The formula has been shown to work for flat, rising, and falling rotation curves. Application of this methodology to one of the Dehnen distribution functions is also shown. Finally, an extension of this formula to reproducemore » velocity dispersion profiles that are an exponential function of radius is also presented. Our empirical formula should greatly aid the efficient comparison of disc models with large stellar surveys or N-body simulations.« less

The First Derivative of an Exponential Function with the "White Box/Black Box" Didactical Principle and Observations with GeoGebra

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Budinski, Natalija; Subramaniam, Stephanie

2013-01-01

This paper shows how GeoGebra--a dynamic mathematics software--can be used to experiment, visualize and connect various concepts such as function, first derivative, slope, and tangent line. Students were given an assignment to determine the first derivative of the exponential function that they solved while experimenting with GeoGebra. GeoGebra…

Approximating exponential and logarithmic functions using polynomial interpolation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gordon, Sheldon P.; Yang, Yajun

2017-04-01

This article takes a closer look at the problem of approximating the exponential and logarithmic functions using polynomials. Either as an alternative to or a precursor to Taylor polynomial approximations at the precalculus level, interpolating polynomials are considered. A measure of error is given and the behaviour of the error function is analysed. The results of interpolating polynomials are compared with those of Taylor polynomials.

M. Riesz-Schur-type inequalities for entire functions of exponential type

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ganzburg, M. I.; Nevai, P.; Erdélyi, T.

2015-01-01

We prove a general M. Riesz-Schur-type inequality for entire functions of exponential type. If f and Q are two functions of exponential types σ > 0 and τ ≥ 0, respectively, and if Q is real-valued and the real zeros of Q, not counting multiplicities, are bounded away from each other, then \\displaystyle \\vert f(x)\\vert≤ (σ+τ) (Aσ+τ(Q))-1/2\\Vert Q f\\Vert C( R),\\qquad x\\in R, where \\displaystyle A_s(Q) \\stackrel{{def}}{=}\\infx\\in R \\bigl( \\lbrack Q'(x) \\rbrack ^2+s2 [Q(x)]^2\\bigr). We apply this inequality to the weights Q(x)\\stackrel{{def}}{=} \\sin (τ x) and Q(x) \\stackrel{{def}}{=} x and describe the extremal functions in the corresponding inequalities. Bibliography: 7 titles.

An Empirical Model Building Criterion Based on Prediction with Applications in Parametric Cost Estimation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-08-01

varia- ble is denoted by 7, the total sum of squares of deviations from that mean is defined by n - SSTO - (-Y) (2.6) iul and the regression sum of...squares by SSR - SSTO - SSE (2.7) II 14 A selection criterion is a rule according to which a certain model out of the 2p possible models is labeled "best...dis- cussed next. 1. The R2 Criterion The coefficient of determination is defined by R2 . 1 - SSE/ SSTO . (2.8) It is clear that R is the proportion of

Zweitore, Vierpole

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Plaßmann, Wilfried

Zweitore (nach DIN 4899; alte Bezeichnung "Vierpole") sind Funktionseinheiten mit zwei Toren, wobei zu jedem Tor ein Klemmenpaar gehört. An eines der Tore wird das Eingangssignal angeschlossen, die zugehörigen Anschlüsse werden mit Eingangsklemmen bezeichnet. Entsprechend wird an den zwei Ausgangsklemmen das Ausgangssignal abgegriffen. Eventuell erforderliche Anschlüsse für eine Stromversorgung werden nicht mitgezählt. Der interne Aufbau besteht aus einer beliebigen Zusammenschaltung von Widerständen, Kondensatoren, Spulen, Transformatoren, Dioden, Transistoren usw. Es wird vorausgesetzt, dass die Zweitore zeitinvariant sind, d. h. die Eigenschaften hängen nicht von der Zeit ab.

Price returns efficiency of the Shanghai A-Shares

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Long, Wang Jiang; Jaaman, Saiful Hafizah; Samsudin, Humaida Banu

2014-06-01

Beta measured from the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is the most widely used risk to estimate expected return. In this paper factors that influence Shanghai A-share stock return based on CAPM are explored and investigated. Price data of 312 companies listed on Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) from the year 2000 to 2011 are investigated. This study employed the Fama-MacBeth cross-sectional method to avoid weakness of traditional CAPM. In addition, this study improves the model by adjusting missing data. Findings of this study justifies that systematic risk can explain the portfolios' returns of China SSE stock market.

New Culture Medium Containing Ionic Concentrations of Nutrients Similar to Concentrations Found in the Soil Solution †

PubMed Central

Angle, J. Scott; McGrath, Stephen P.; Chaney, Rufus L.

1991-01-01

A new growth medium which closely approximates the composition of the soil solution is presented. This soil solution equivalent (SSE) medium contains the following components (millimolar): NO3, 2.5; NH4, 2.5; HPO4, 0.005; Na, 2.5; Ca, 4.0; Mg, 2.0; K, 0.503; Cl, 4.0; SO4, 5.0; ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid), 0.02; and MES [2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid] (to maintain the pH at 6.0), 10, plus 0.1% arabinose. The advantages of the SSE medium are discussed. PMID:16348614

Influential Nonegligible Parameters under the Search Linear Model.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-04-25

lack of fit as wi 2 SSL0F(1 ) - I n u~ -(M) (12) and the sum of squares due to pure error as SSPE - I I (Y V-2 (13) For I 1,.,2) we define F(i) SSL0F...SSE (I) Noting that the numerator on the RHS of the above expression does not depend on i, we get the equivalence of (a) and (b). Again, SSE ) SSPE ...SSLOFM I and SSPE does not depend on i. Therefore (a) and (c) are equivalent. - From (14), the equivalence of (c) and (d) is clear. From (3), (6

Slow slip events in the early part of the earthquake cycle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Voss, Nicholas K.; Malservisi, Rocco; Dixon, Timothy H.; Protti, Marino

2017-08-01

In February 2014 a Mw = 7.0 slow slip event (SSE) took place beneath the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. This event occurred 17 months after the 5 September 2012, Mw = 7.6, earthquake and along the same subduction zone segment, during a period when significant postseismic deformation was ongoing. A second SSE occurred in the middle of 2015, 21 months after the 2014 SSE and 38 months after the earthquake. The recurrence interval for Nicoya SSEs was unchanged by the earthquake. However, the spatial distribution of slip for the 2014 event differed significantly from previous events, having only deep ( 40 km) slip, compared to previous events, which had both deep and shallow slip. The 2015 SSE marked a return to the combination of deep plus shallow slip of preearthquake SSEs. However, slip magnitude in 2015 was nearly twice as large (Mw = 7.2) as preearthquake SSEs. We employ Coulomb Failure Stress change modeling in order to explain these changes. Stress changes associated with the earthquake and afterslip were highest near the shallow portion of the megathrust, where preearthquake SSEs had significant slip. Lower stress change occurred on the deeper parts of the plate interface, perhaps explaining why the deep ( 40 km) region for SSEs remained unchanged. The large amount of shallow slip in the 2015 SSE may reflect lack of shallow slip in the prior SSE. These observations highlight the variability of aseismic strain release rates throughout the earthquake cycle.