Sample records for export control laws

  1. 48 CFR 1825.1103-70 - Export control.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Export control. 1825.1103...-70 Export control. (a) Background. (1) NASA contractors and subcontractors are subject to U.S. export control laws and regulations, including the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), 22 CFR parts...

  2. 48 CFR 1825.1103-70 - Export control.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Export control. 1825.1103...-70 Export control. (a) Background. (1) NASA contractors and subcontractors are subject to U.S. export control laws and regulations, including the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), 22 CFR parts...

  3. A Proven Method for Meeting Export Control Objectives in Postal and Shipping Sectors

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-02-01

    months, the USPIS team developed and implemented an export screening standard operating procedure, implemented new and updated processes and systems ...support and protect the U.S. Postal Service and its employees, infrastructure, and customers; enforce the laws that defend the nation’s mail system ...the incidence of mail shipments violating export control laws, regulations, and standards . • Evaluate current processes and systems and identify

  4. 75 FR 69573 - Export Enforcement Coordination Center

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-15

    ... Export Enforcement Coordination Center By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and... enforcement of United States export control laws and enhanced intelligence exchange in support of such enforcement efforts, it is hereby ordered as follows: Section 1. Policy. Export controls are critical to...

  5. JPL Export Compliance Program

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Momjian, E.; Lam, C.

    2000-01-01

    The transfer of commodities, software, or technlogies to foreign persons is subject to U.S. export control laws and regulations. These export controls are applicable, regardless of whether the transfer occurs in the U.S. or outside of the U.S.

  6. 75 FR 33375 - 30-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: DS-2031, Shrimp Exporter's/Importer's...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-11

    ...-2031, Shrimp Exporter's/Importer's Declaration, OMB Control Number 1405-0095 ACTION: Notice of request... Information Collection: Shrimp Exporter's/ Importer's Declaration. OMB Control Number: 1405-0095. Type of... imports of shrimp pursuant to the State Department's implementation of Section 609 of Public Law 101-162...

  7. 22 CFR 126.10 - Disclosure of information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ....10 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS GENERAL POLICIES... Trade Controls. (b) Determinations required by law. Section 38(e) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S... of certain persons, in accordance with Section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act. The requirements...

  8. Physicist falls foul of US export law

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gwynne, Peter

    2008-10-01

    A retired US plasma physicist is seeking to overturn his conviction last month of offences under the American Arms Export Control Act, which prohibits the export, without a government licence, of technology and data to foreign nationals or nations. A jury in Knoxville, Tennessee, found JReece Roth, 70, guilty of illegally exporting technical information about a military project to develop plasma technology for guiding spyplanes that operate as weapons or surveillance devices.

  9. LISLEX: Legal Issues of Concern to the Library and Information Sector.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Oppenheim, Charles

    1998-01-01

    Examines paparazzi and copyright law, regulation of the Internet, the European Union Database Directive and U.S. efforts to change database laws, Tasini v. The New York Times, freedom of information and access to public sector information, company law and e-mail messages, electronic commerce, cryptography export controls, domain names and trade…

  10. Longitudinal Effects of Job Change Upon Interest Utilization and Satisfaction Attitudes.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-10-01

    USAF Commander SUBJECT TO EXPORT CONTROL LAWS This document contains information for manufacturing or using munitions of war. Export of the information...contained herein, or release to foreign nationals within the United States, without first obtaining an export license, is a violation of the...information was then interpreted as an index of the stability of a job type over time. The second kind of information indicating which job types the

  11. 3 CFR 13637 - Executive Order 13637 of March 8, 2013. Administration of Reformed Export Controls

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Arms Export Control Act, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) (the “Act”), and section 301 of title 3... under section 3 of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2753), with the exception of subsections (a)(1), (b), (c)(3), (c...

  12. US seeks to lift export ban on satellite technology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gwynne, Peter

    2009-05-01

    The US House of Representatives began hearings last month with the aim of reducing export controls on commercial satellite technology. Fulfilling a campaign promise, the Obama administration is encouraging Congress to amend a decade old law that defines commercial satellites as weapons. The amendment would allow US satellite firms to increase sales abroad, particularly to China.

  13. 27 CFR 19.494 - Additional marks on portable containers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...: (1) Without payment of tax, for export, for transfer to customs manufacturing bonded warehouses, for... required by Federal, State, or local law or regulations; wine or proof gallons; and plant control data...

  14. 27 CFR 478.2 - Relation to other provisions of law.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... ammunition. For regulations applicable to traffic in machine guns, destructive devices, and certain other... of war, see section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778) and regulations thereunder and...

  15. 27 CFR 478.2 - Relation to other provisions of law.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... ammunition. For regulations applicable to traffic in machine guns, destructive devices, and certain other... of war, see section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778) and regulations thereunder and...

  16. 27 CFR 478.2 - Relation to other provisions of law.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... ammunition. For regulations applicable to traffic in machine guns, destructive devices, and certain other... of war, see section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778) and regulations thereunder and...

  17. 27 CFR 478.2 - Relation to other provisions of law.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... ammunition. For regulations applicable to traffic in machine guns, destructive devices, and certain other... of war, see section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778) and regulations thereunder and...

  18. 27 CFR 478.2 - Relation to other provisions of law.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... ammunition. For regulations applicable to traffic in machine guns, destructive devices, and certain other... of war, see section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778) and regulations thereunder and...

  19. Environmental Law and the Export of Pollution.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Davis, John F.

    1984-01-01

    Environmental problems do not stop at state boundaries; they reach beyond local or national jurisdictions and require international control. Problems concerning air quality, water pollution, and indirect pollution are discussed. Environmental legislation can have a significant impact. (RM)

  20. Export bill and scientific exchanges

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    President Ronald Reagan has signed into law the reauthorization of the Export Administration Act (EAA), first passed in 1979. The amended version of the law, signed July 12, includes a policy statement in support of “vigorous scientific enterprise. . .in accordance with applicable provisions of law. . .by means of publication, teaching, conferences, and other forms of scholarly exchange.”

  1. Inspection report: the Department of Energy's export licensing process for dual-use and munitions commodities

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Friedman, Gregory H.

    1999-05-01

    Export of commodities, encouraged by both the private sector and the Federal Government, helps to improve our position in the global economy and is in the national interest of the US. However, exports of commodities or technologies, without regard to whether they may significantly contribute to the military potential of individual countries or combination of countries or enhance the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, may adversely affect the national security of the US. The Federal Government, therefore, implements several laws, Executive Orders, and regulations to control the export of certain commodities and technologies. These commodities and technologies require amore » license for export. Some of the controlled items are designated as ''dual-use,'' that is, commodities and technologies that have both civilian and military application. Some dual-use commodities are designated as ''nuclear dual-use''--items controlled for nuclear nonproliferation purposes. Another group of controlled commodities is designated as munitions, which are goods and technologies that have solely military uses. The Department of Energy (Energy) conducts reviews of export license applications for nuclear dual-use items and certain munitions. On August 26, 1998, the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs requested that the Inspectors General from the Departments of Commerce, Defense, Energy, State, and Treasury, and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), update and expand on a 1993 interagency review conducted by the Inspectors General of the Departments of Commerce, Defense, Energy, and State of the export licensing processes for dual-use and munitions commodities.« less

  2. 19 CFR 161.2 - Enforcement for other agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... the Department of the Treasury. (4) Importations and exportations of atomic energy source material... laws administered by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission; and (5) The exportation of articles, other than... Commerce. (b) Seizure for violation of law. When articles are imported or are intended to be, are being, or...

  3. 19 CFR 161.2 - Enforcement for other agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... the Department of the Treasury. (4) Importations and exportations of atomic energy source material... laws administered by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission; and (5) The exportation of articles, other than... Commerce. (b) Seizure for violation of law. When articles are imported or are intended to be, are being, or...

  4. 75 FR 30097 - Notice and Request for Comments: Canada-Compliance With Softwood Lumber Agreement

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-28

    ... Lumber Agreement (SLA), Canada agreed to impose export measures on Canadian exports of softwood lumber... bill becomes law by receiving royal assent, and if the Trade Representative finds that the law... On March 4, 2010, the Canadian Parliament introduced as part of the Federal budget an amendment to...

  5. 15 CFR 30.1 - Purpose and definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... in place of a proof of filing citation when the AES or AESDirect computer systems experiences a major... goods and technologies; enforcing export control, antiboycott, and public safety laws; cooperating with... of the EAR. Supplement No. 2 to Part 774 of the EAR contains the General Technology and Software...

  6. 15 CFR 30.1 - Purpose and definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... in place of a proof of filing citation when the AES or AESDirect computer systems experiences a major... goods and technologies; enforcing export control, antiboycott, and public safety laws; cooperating with... of the EAR. Supplement No. 2 to Part 774 of the EAR contains the General Technology and Software...

  7. 15 CFR 30.1 - Purpose and definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... in place of a proof of filing citation when the AES or AESDirect computer systems experiences a major... goods and technologies; enforcing export control, antiboycott, and public safety laws; cooperating with... of the EAR. Supplement No. 2 to Part 774 of the EAR contains the General Technology and Software...

  8. 15 CFR 30.1 - Purpose and definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... in place of a proof of filing citation when the AES or AESDirect computer systems experiences a major... goods and technologies; enforcing export control, antiboycott, and public safety laws; cooperating with... of the EAR. Supplement No. 2 to Part 774 of the EAR contains the General Technology and Software...

  9. 15 CFR 30.1 - Purpose and definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... in place of a proof of filing citation when the AES or AESDirect computer systems experiences a major... goods and technologies; enforcing export control, antiboycott, and public safety laws; cooperating with... of the EAR. Supplement No. 2 to Part 774 of the EAR contains the General Technology and Software...

  10. Standards Setting and Federal Information Policy: The Escrowed Encryption Standard (EES).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gegner, Karen E.; Veeder, Stacy B.

    1994-01-01

    Examines the standards process used for developing the Escrowed Encryption Standard (EES) and its possible impact on national communication and information policies. Discusses the balance between national security and law enforcement concerns versus privacy rights and economic competitiveness in the area of foreign trade and export controls. (67…

  11. 76 FR 35217 - Notice of Open Special Meeting of the Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee (SAAC) of the Export...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-16

    ... EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES Notice of Open Special Meeting of the Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee (SAAC) of the Export-Import Bank of the United States (Export-Import Bank) SUMMARY: The Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee was established by Public Law 105-121, November 26, 1997, to...

  12. 75 FR 16808 - Notice of Open Special Meeting of the Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee (SAAC) of the Export...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-02

    ... EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES Notice of Open Special Meeting of the Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee (SAAC) of the Export-Import Bank of the United States (Export-Import Bank) SUMMARY: The Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee was established by Public Law 105-121, November 26, 1997, to...

  13. 75 FR 70259 - Notice of Open Special Meeting of the Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee (SAAC) of the Export...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-17

    ... EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES Notice of Open Special Meeting of the Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee (SAAC) of the Export-Import Bank of the United States (Export-Import Bank). SUMMARY: The Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee was established by Public Law 105-121, November 26, 1997, to...

  14. 7 CFR 1493.270 - Certifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP... submitted to CCC under this subpart, is the exporter's certification that: (1) There have not been and are... amended, or other U.S. Laws; (2) All information submitted to CCC is true and correct; and (3) The...

  15. 7 CFR 1493.270 - Certifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP... submitted to CCC under this subpart, is the exporter's certification that: (1) There have not been and are... amended, or other U.S. Laws; (2) All information submitted to CCC is true and correct; and (3) The...

  16. 7 CFR 1493.270 - Certifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP... submitted to CCC under this subpart, is the exporter's certification that: (1) There have not been and are... amended, or other U.S. Laws; (2) All information submitted to CCC is true and correct; and (3) The...

  17. 27 CFR 41.11 - Meaning of terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Reserve Bank of New York. Export warehouse. A bonded internal revenue warehouse for the storage of tobacco... revenue laws of the United States. Export warehouse proprietor. Any person who operates an export warehouse. Factory. The premises of a manufacturer of tobacco products, cigarette papers or tubes, or...

  18. 50 CFR 23.56 - What U.S. CITES document conditions do I need to follow?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... International Air Transport Association Live Animals Regulations. (3) You must return the original CITES..., EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN..., Federal, tribal, and foreign wildlife or plant conservation laws. (2) For export and re-export of live...

  19. 50 CFR 23.56 - What U.S. CITES document conditions do I need to follow?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... International Air Transport Association Live Animals Regulations. (3) You must return the original CITES..., EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN..., Federal, tribal, and foreign wildlife or plant conservation laws. (2) For export and re-export of live...

  20. [The 1935 veterinary agreements of the League of the Nations: A vision of a united veterinary Europe].

    PubMed

    Häsler, S

    2018-01-01

    A group of leading veterinary experts engaged by the league of the Nations created three new Veterinary Conventions focusing at consequently controlling the import, export and transit of animals and animal products. The aim was on one hand to facilitate trade and on the other hand to make sure that livestock epidemic laws were respected. The outbreak of war prevented the laws from coming into effect. Nevertheless they became the basis for veterinary regulations of the World Trade Organisation and of the European Union.

  1. 75 FR 73082 - Notice of Open Meeting of the Advisory Committee of the Export-Import Bank of the United States...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-29

    ... EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES Notice of Open Meeting of the Advisory Committee of the Export- Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank) SUMMARY: The Advisory Committee was established by Public Law 98-181, November 30, 1983, to advise the Export-Import Bank on its programs and to provide...

  2. 75 FR 9414 - Notice of Open Meeting of the Advisory Committee of the Export-Import Bank of the United States...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-02

    ... EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES Notice of Open Meeting of the Advisory Committee of the Export- Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank) SUMMARY: The Advisory Committee was established by Public Law 98-181, November 30, 1983, to advise the Export-Import Bank on its programs and to provide...

  3. 75 FR 54875 - Notice of Open Meeting of the Advisory Committee of the Export-Import Bank of the United States...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-09

    ... EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES Notice of Open Meeting of the Advisory Committee of the Export- Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank) SUMMARY: The Advisory Committee was established by Public Law 98-181, November 30, 1983, to advise the Export-Import Bank on its programs and to provide...

  4. 78 FR 8218 - Bureau of Political-Military Affairs; Statutory Debarment Under the Arms Export Control Act and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-05

    ... determined by the Assistant Secretary for Political-Military Affairs based on the underlying nature of the... conflict with law enforcement concerns. Even if exceptions are granted, the debarment continues until... December 20, 2010 and relied on for purposes of statutory debarment stated as the nature of the offense for...

  5. JPRS Report, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Vietnam: TAP CHI CONG SAN, No. 11, November 1988.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-03-09

    law. In the future, new taxes should be promulgated in the form of laws, such as a population income tax law , a production capital tax law, a tax law...tax law; —An export-import tax law; —A foreign investment tax law; —A population income tax law ; —A production-business within the state-operated

  6. 50 CFR 20.72 - Violation of State law.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... export any migratory bird, or any part, nest, or egg of any such bird, in violation of any applicable law... WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) MIGRATORY BIRD HUNTING Federal, State, and Foreign Law § 20.72 Violation of...

  7. 31 CFR 545.511 - Registration of nongovernmental organizations for humanitarian or religious activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., including the exportation of goods, software, technology or services to the territory of Afghanistan... applicable U.S. laws governing the exportation or reexportation of U.S.-origin goods, software, or technology...

  8. 78 FR 26031 - Notice of Open Special Meeting of the Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee of the Export-Import...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-03

    ... EXPORT-IMPORT BANK Notice of Open Special Meeting of the Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee of the Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank) SUMMARY: The Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee was established by Public Law 105-121, November 26, 1997, to advise the Board of Directors on the...

  9. 77 FR 72346 - Notice of Open Special Meeting of the Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee of the Export-Import...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-05

    ... EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES Notice of Open Special Meeting of the Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee of the Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank) SUMMARY: The Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee was established by Public Law 105-121, November 26, 1997, to advise the Board...

  10. 78 FR 75337 - Eos LNG LLC; Application for Long-Term Authorization To Export Liquefied Natural Gas Produced...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-11

    ... Authorization To Export Liquefied Natural Gas Produced From Domestic Natural Gas Resources to Non-Free Trade...- contract authorization to export LNG produced from domestic sources in a volume equivalent to approximately... treatment for trade in natural gas (non-FTA countries) with which trade is not prohibited by U.S. law or...

  11. 78 FR 75339 - Barca LNG LLC; Application for Long-Term Authorization To Export Liquefied Natural Gas Produced...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-11

    ... Authorization To Export Liquefied Natural Gas Produced From Domestic Natural Gas Resources to Non-Free Trade...- contract authorization to export LNG produced from domestic sources in a volume equivalent to approximately... treatment for trade in natural gas (non-FTA countries) with which trade is not prohibited by U.S. law or...

  12. The PRC Medium and Long-Term National Science and Technology Development Plan: A Manifesto to Steal

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-02-17

    rise in Chinese espionage cases, lax export laws in Hong Kong and recent changes to U.S. visa laws U.S. lawmakers must increase the focus on the...and embedded overseas Chinese scholars, importation of foreign technology through Hong Kong , joint ventures and export relationships with foreign...particularly hardware - to the PRC is through Hong Kong front companies. As example, just last year on 10 November 2014 a PRC national from Hong Kong

  13. National Strategy for Homeland Security

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-10-01

    biometrics, including in passports and visas, has made it increasingly diffi- cult to counterfeit travel docu- ments, and we must encourage those... counterfeiting , altera- tion, and misuse of identifica- tion and travel documents, and to report lost and stolen passports in a timely manner. These efforts...in medicine , agriculture, and industry. We will stringently enforce our export control laws as a means of denying rogue actors – including

  14. 48 CFR 652.225-71 - Section 8(a) of the Export Administration Act of 1979, as Amended.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... to United States law or regulation. The Boycott of Israel by Arab League countries is such a boycott... Arab League Boycott of Israel, are prohibited activities under the Export Administration Act: (1...

  15. 48 CFR 652.225-71 - Section 8(a) of the Export Administration Act of 1979, as Amended.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... to United States law or regulation. The Boycott of Israel by Arab League countries is such a boycott... Arab League Boycott of Israel, are prohibited activities under the Export Administration Act: (1...

  16. 48 CFR 652.225-71 - Section 8(a) of the Export Administration Act of 1979, as Amended.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... to United States law or regulation. The Boycott of Israel by Arab League countries is such a boycott... Arab League Boycott of Israel, are prohibited activities under the Export Administration Act: (1...

  17. 48 CFR 652.225-71 - Section 8(a) of the Export Administration Act of 1979, as Amended.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... to United States law or regulation. The Boycott of Israel by Arab League countries is such a boycott... Arab League Boycott of Israel, are prohibited activities under the Export Administration Act: (1...

  18. MOCAD: A Tool for Graphical and Interactive Calculation and Optimization of Cam Mechanisms and Motion Control Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Heine, A.; Berger, M.

    The classical meaning of motion design is the usage of laws of motion with convenient characteristic values. Whereas the software MOCAD supports a graphical and interactive mode of operation, among others by using an automatic polynomial interpolation. Besides a direct coupling for motion control systems, different file formats for data export are offered. The calculation of plane and spatial cam mechanisms is also based on the data, generated in the motion design module. Drawing on an example of an intermittent cam mechanism with an inside cam profile used as a new drive concept for indexing tables, the influence of motion design on the transmission properties is shown. Another example gives an insight into the calculation and export of envelope curves for cylindrical cam mechanisms. The gained geometry data can be used for generating realistic 3D-models in the CAD-system Pro/ENGINEER, using a special data exchange format.

  19. Defense Technologies: DOD’s Critical Technologies Lists Rarely Inform Export Control and other Policy Decisions

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-07-01

    9 In 1988, Congress enacted the Exon- Florio amendment to the Defense Production Act, which...more information on the committee see, GAO, Defense Trade: Enhancements to the Implementation of Exon- Florio Could Strengthen the Law’s...Products Page 25 GAO-06-793 Related GAO Products Defense Trade: Enhancements to the Implementation of Exon- Florio Could Strengthen the Law’s

  20. Evolution of different dual-use concepts in international and national law and its implications on research ethics and governance.

    PubMed

    Rath, Johannes; Ischi, Monique; Perkins, Dana

    2014-09-01

    This paper provides an overview of the various dual-use concepts applied in national and international non-proliferation and anti-terrorism legislation, such as the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, the Chemical Weapons Convention and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540, and national export control legislation and in relevant codes of conduct. While there is a vast literature covering dual-use concepts in particular with regard to life sciences, this is the first paper that incorporates into such discussion the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540. In addition, recent developments such as the extension of dual-use export control legislation in the area of human rights protection are also identified and reviewed. The discussion of dual-use concepts is hereby undertaken in the context of human- and/or national-security-based approaches to security. This paper discusses four main concepts of dual use as applied today in international and national law: civilian versus military, peaceful versus non-peaceful, legitimate versus illegitimate and benevolent versus malevolent. In addition, the usage of the term to describe positive technology spin-offs between civilian and military applications is also briefly addressed. Attention is also given to the roles civil society and research ethics may play in the governance of dual-use sciences and technologies.

  1. The law applicable to the use of space for commercial activities

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hosenball, S. N.

    1983-01-01

    The general principles of space law that have an impact on commercial space activities are discussed. The Outer Space Treaty guaranteed the right of private enterprise in space, with jurisdiction over the participating parties residing in the country of origin. The liability for damages caused to a third party is also assigned to the country of origin. Government consent is necessary in the U.S. before a private firm is permitted to launch an object into space, with the relevant statute sections being part of the Arms Export Control Act; launches are legally treated as exports. FAA regulations define the safe area and flight conditions that must be satisfied for a private launch, although NASA, in the 1958 act which formed the agency, potentialy has the power to regulate space launch activities. The DoD must be notified of any launches in order to notify the U.S.S.R., filings must be made with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, and fees must be paid to the IRS. It is presently U.S. government policy to encourage and facilitate private sector development of commercial launch services.

  2. 78 FR 44535 - Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee (CINTAC) Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-24

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee... programs to expand United States exports of civil nuclear goods and services in accordance with applicable U.S. laws and regulations, including advice on how U.S. civil nuclear goods and services export...

  3. 77 FR 25961 - Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee (CINTAC) Public Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-02

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee... to expand United States exports of civil nuclear goods and services in accordance with applicable U.S. laws and regulations, including advice on how U.S. civil nuclear goods and services export policies...

  4. 7 CFR 1493.270 - Certifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee... documentation submitted to CCC under this subpart, is the exporter's certification that: (1) There have not been... amended, or other U.S. Laws; (2) All information submitted to CCC is true and correct; and (3) The...

  5. 7 CFR 1493.270 - Certifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee... documentation submitted to CCC under this subpart, is the exporter's certification that: (1) There have not been... amended, or other U.S. Laws; (2) All information submitted to CCC is true and correct; and (3) The...

  6. 21 CFR 1309.26 - Exemption of law enforcement officials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exemption of law enforcement officials. 1309.26 Section 1309.26 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE REGISTRATION OF MANUFACTURERS, DISTRIBUTORS, IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS OF LIST I CHEMICALS Requirements for Registration § 1309.26 Exemption of law enforcement...

  7. 21 CFR 312.110 - Import and export requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... drug has valid marketing authorization in Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland..., and § 1.101 of this chapter; or (3) The drug is being exported to Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan... specifications; (iv) The drug is not in conflict with the importing country's laws; (v) The outer shipping...

  8. 21 CFR 312.110 - Import and export requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... drug has valid marketing authorization in Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland..., and § 1.101 of this chapter; or (3) The drug is being exported to Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan... specifications; (iv) The drug is not in conflict with the importing country's laws; (v) The outer shipping...

  9. 21 CFR 312.110 - Import and export requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... drug has valid marketing authorization in Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland..., and § 1.101 of this chapter; or (3) The drug is being exported to Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan... specifications; (iv) The drug is not in conflict with the importing country's laws; (v) The outer shipping...

  10. On November 8, 1984, the President signed into law the ...

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    On November 8, 1984, the President signed into law the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984. These amendments to the RCRA of 1976 require EPA to promulgate rules to implement new section 3017 regarding exports of hazardous waste.

  11. 76 FR 15938 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-22

    ... submit to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for clearance the following proposal for collection... Bureau of Industry and Security that U.S.-origin technical data will be exported only for authorized end... only be re-exported in accordance with U.S. law. Affected Public: Businesses or other for-profit...

  12. Revisiting the Legislative Veto Issue: A Recent Amendment to the Arms Export Control Act

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-01-01

    Executive functions in disregard of the fundamental principle of separation of powers . [10] In the aftermath of the presidential veto, the Congress adopted...history, the Supreme Court endorsed the Constitution’s scheme for the separation of powers . Chief Justice Warren E. Burger noted that Article I of...majority. Accordingly, the drafters of Public Law 99-247 considered that the joint resolution mechanism satisfies the " separation of powers " and the

  13. 78 FR 4400 - Eni USA Gas Marketing LLC; Application for Blanket Authorization To Export Previously Imported...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-22

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY [FE Docket No. 12-161-LNG] Eni USA Gas Marketing LLC; Application for Blanket..., by Eni USA Gas Marketing LLC (Eni USA Gas Marketing), requesting blanket authorization to export... U.S. law or policy. Eni USA Gas Marketing is requesting this authorization both on its own behalf...

  14. 77 FR 72843 - Excelerate Liquefaction Solutions I, LLC; Application for Long-Term Authorization To Export...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-06

    ... Resources to Non-Free Trade Agreement Countries for a 20-Year Period AGENCY: Office of Fossil Energy, DOE... million metric tons per annum (mtpa) of domestically produced liquefied natural gas (LNG), equivalent to.... law or policy (non-FTA Countries). ELS is requesting this authorization to export LNG both on its own...

  15. 75 FR 54540 - Effects of Foreign Policy-Based Export Controls

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-08

    .... 100719301-0303-02] Effects of Foreign Policy-Based Export Controls AGENCY: Bureau of Industry and Security... foreign policy-based export controls in the Export Administration Regulations to determine whether they... comments on how existing foreign policy-based export controls have affected exporters and the general...

  16. [From Wolff law, Ilizarov technology to natural reconstruction theory].

    PubMed

    Zang, Jian-cheng; Qin, Si-He

    2013-04-01

    Wolff law was an adaptable principle of bone, Tension-Stress Principle was equal to Distraction Osteogenesis or Distraction Tissue Regeneration, The Natural Reconstruction theory was a new orthopedic perspective proposed by Prof. QIN after deformity correction using Ilizarov technology. The thought about their relationship originated from a social phenomena, that the crowds and the confusion about export choice in Beijing's subway. Ilizarov technology and Wolff law were one concept related to Mechanics, and the former is completely in line with the latter. In other words, Ilizarov technology is an extension of Wolff law, is a repeated process of micro-trauma and continuous repair of bone trabecular initiated by moden engineering, just trabecular formed along the tension-stress direction. With adjustment of mechanical force,doctor can control the process of fracture healing and bone remolding to a certain extent. Natural Reconstruction theory enlarged the defined range of Wolff law obviously. Not only guided orthopedics clinical and basic research,but also related to the dialectical thinking of the doctor-patient relationship in sociology. There was an inevitable connection among Wolff law, Ilizarov technology and Natural Reconstruction theory. The history of discovery and understanding was a continuous process of thinking,practice and integration.

  17. 78 FR 24744 - Postponement Notice of Open Special Meeting of the Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee of the...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-26

    ... EXPORT-IMPORT BANK Postponement Notice of Open Special Meeting of the Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee of the Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank) SUMMARY: The Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee was established by Public Law 105-121, November 26, 1997, to advise the Board of...

  18. 78 FR 44934 - Sabine Pass Liquefaction, LLC; Application for Long-Term Authorization To Export Liquefied...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-25

    ...-Term Authorization To Export Liquefied Natural Gas Produced From Domestic Natural Gas Resources to Non... equivalent of 88.3 billion standard cubic feet (Bcf) of natural gas per year), pursuant to the LNG Sale and... treatment for trade in natural gas (non-FTA countries) with which trade is not prohibited by U.S. law or...

  19. 48 CFR 652.225-71 - Section 8(a) of the Export Administration Act of 1979, as Amended.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... to United States law or regulation. The Boycott of Israel by Arab League countries is such a boycott... Arab League Boycott of Israel, are prohibited activities under the Export Administration Act: (1) Refusing, or requiring any U.S. person to refuse to do business with or in Israel, with any Israeli...

  20. 10 CFR 590.504 - Denial by operation of law.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Denial by operation of law. 590.504 Section 590.504 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) NATURAL GAS (ECONOMIC REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION) ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES WITH RESPECT TO THE IMPORT AND EXPORT OF NATURAL GAS Applications for Rehearing § 590.504 Denial by...

  1. 10 CFR 590.504 - Denial by operation of law.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Denial by operation of law. 590.504 Section 590.504 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) NATURAL GAS (ECONOMIC REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION) ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES WITH RESPECT TO THE IMPORT AND EXPORT OF NATURAL GAS Applications for Rehearing § 590.504 Denial by...

  2. 10 CFR 590.504 - Denial by operation of law.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Denial by operation of law. 590.504 Section 590.504 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) NATURAL GAS (ECONOMIC REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION) ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES WITH RESPECT TO THE IMPORT AND EXPORT OF NATURAL GAS Applications for Rehearing § 590.504 Denial by...

  3. 10 CFR 590.504 - Denial by operation of law.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Denial by operation of law. 590.504 Section 590.504 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) NATURAL GAS (ECONOMIC REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION) ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES WITH RESPECT TO THE IMPORT AND EXPORT OF NATURAL GAS Applications for Rehearing § 590.504 Denial by...

  4. 10 CFR 590.504 - Denial by operation of law.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Denial by operation of law. 590.504 Section 590.504 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) NATURAL GAS (ECONOMIC REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION) ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES WITH RESPECT TO THE IMPORT AND EXPORT OF NATURAL GAS Applications for Rehearing § 590.504 Denial by...

  5. 21 CFR 1312.22 - Application for export permit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Application for export permit. 1312.22 Section... EXPORTATION OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES Exportation of Controlled Substances § 1312.22 Application for export permit. (a) An application for a permit to export controlled substances shall be made on DEA Form 161...

  6. Israel`s unauthorized arms transfers

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Clarke, D.

    1995-10-01

    Israel confronts a spectrum of security threats. Given that harsh reality and America`s firm commitment to the Jewish state as reiterated by successive presidents, Israel requires, and rightly receives, unique attention and support from the United States (U.S). Indeed, Israel`s welfare, even survival, is dependent on its `special` relationship with Washington. Thus far, U.S.-Israel ties have weathered America`s post-Cold War retrenchment in world affairs. Israel retains its customary level of foreign aid, for example, even as the overall foreign assistance budget shrinks. Yet below the surface, the relationship is threatened by Israel`s repeated contraventions of American law. Evidence shows thatmore » Israel has systematically circumvented U.S. restrictions on the re-export of U.S. defense products, components, and technical data. Other countries have been caught evading U.S. re-export controls, but Israel`s case appears unique. The author examines the details and implications of the Israel transgressions.« less

  7. 50 CFR 23.60 - What factors are considered in making a legal acquisition finding?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...) Captive-bred wildlife or a cultivated plant. For a specimen that is captive-bred or cultivated, we may..., EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN... provisions of national laws for the protection of wildlife and plants. In the United States, these laws...

  8. 50 CFR 23.60 - What factors are considered in making a legal acquisition finding?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...) Captive-bred wildlife or a cultivated plant. For a specimen that is captive-bred or cultivated, we may..., EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN... provisions of national laws for the protection of wildlife and plants. In the United States, these laws...

  9. 50 CFR 23.60 - What factors are considered in making a legal acquisition finding?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...) Captive-bred wildlife or a cultivated plant. For a specimen that is captive-bred or cultivated, we may..., EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN... provisions of national laws for the protection of wildlife and plants. In the United States, these laws...

  10. 50 CFR 23.60 - What factors are considered in making a legal acquisition finding?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...) Captive-bred wildlife or a cultivated plant. For a specimen that is captive-bred or cultivated, we may..., EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN... provisions of national laws for the protection of wildlife and plants. In the United States, these laws...

  11. 50 CFR 23.60 - What factors are considered in making a legal acquisition finding?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...) Captive-bred wildlife or a cultivated plant. For a specimen that is captive-bred or cultivated, we may..., EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN... provisions of national laws for the protection of wildlife and plants. In the United States, these laws...

  12. 15 CFR Supplement No. 1 to Part 760 - Interpretations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... in a boycotted country; (ii) With any business concern organized under the laws of a boycotted... this interpretation pursuant to the Export Administration Amendments Act of 1979 (Public Law 95-52) and..., 1978 (43 FR 3508) and contained in the 15 CFR edition revised as of January 1, 1979. I. Certifications...

  13. Natural Gas Exports from Iran

    EIA Publications

    2012-01-01

    This assessment of the natural gas sector in Iran, with a focus on Iran’s natural gas exports, was prepared pursuant to section 505 (a) of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (Public Law No: 112-158). As requested, it includes: (1) an assessment of exports of natural gas from Iran; (2) an identification of the countries that purchase the most natural gas from Iran; (3) an assessment of alternative supplies of natural gas available to those countries; (4) an assessment of the impact a reduction in exports of natural gas from Iran would have on global natural gas supplies and the price of natural gas, especially in countries identified under number (2); and (5) such other information as the Administrator considers appropriate.

  14. A Resource Network Strategy for Afghanistan

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-12-01

    collectors and investment purposes. Additionally, gold is used in treating a small number of medical conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer ...such as medical care. Mullahs are often chosen and known for their piety, wisdom, formal and/or informal education in Islamic tradition and Muslim laws...exports in 2012 was modestly estimated at $2 billion while the net export value of opiates was $1.94 billion. Cannabis is closely related to poppy

  15. International Affairs Sector (NAICS 928120)

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Find EPA laws and regulatory information for international agreements, including import and export, Montreal Protocol for Ozone depleting substances, ocean vessels, MARPOL, and port and border compliance assistance centers.

  16. Influence of export control policy on the competitiveness of machine tool producing organizations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ahrstrom, Jeffrey D.

    The possible influence of export control policies on producers of export controlled machine tools is examined in this quantitative study. International market competitiveness theories hold that market controlling policies such as export control regulations may influence an organization's ability to compete (Burris, 2010). Differences in domestic application of export control policy on machine tool exports may impose throttling effects on the competitiveness of participating firms (Freedenberg, 2010). Commodity shipments from Japan, Germany, and the United States to the Russian market will be examined using descriptive statistics; gravity modeling of these specific markets provides a foundation for comparison to actual shipment data; and industry participant responses to a user developed survey will provide additional data for analysis using a Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. There is scarce academic research data on the topic of export control effects within the machine tool industry. Research results may be of interest to industry leadership in market participation decisions, advocacy arguments, and strategic planning. Industry advocates and export policy decision makers could find data of interest in supporting positions for or against modifications of export control policies.

  17. 48 CFR 235.071 - Export-controlled items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Export-controlled items..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SPECIAL CATEGORIES OF CONTRACTING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CONTRACTING 235.071 Export-controlled items. For requirements regarding access to export-controlled items, see Subpart 204.73. [73 FR...

  18. 78 FR 61743 - Revisions to the Export Administration Regulations: Initial Implementation of Export Control...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-03

    ... ``attachments'' that are ``specially designed'' for a commodity subject to control in this ECCN or a defense... Implementation of Export Control Reform; Correction; Final Rule #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 78 , No. 192... Administration Regulations: Initial Implementation of Export Control Reform; Correction AGENCY: Bureau of...

  19. 78 FR 54623 - Effects of Foreign Policy-Based Export Controls

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-05

    ... Foreign Policy-Based Export Controls AGENCY: Bureau of Industry and Security, Commerce. ACTION: Request... export controls in the Export Administration Regulations. BIS is requesting public comments to conduct... with industry on the effect of such controls and to report the results of the consultations to Congress...

  20. 77 FR 42973 - Export and Reexport Controls to Rwanda and United Nations Sanctions Under the Export...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-23

    ... Control List), Category 0--Nuclear Materials, Facilities, and Equipment [and Miscellaneous Items]--Export... Control List), Category 0--Nuclear Materials, Facilities, and Equipment [and Miscellaneous Items]--Export... Supplement No. 1 to Part 774 (the Commerce Control List), Category 0--Nuclear Materials, Facilities, and...

  1. 76 FR 12371 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comments Requested: Application...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-07

    ... Controlled Substances/Export Controlled Substances for Re-Export--DEA Forms 161 and 161r ACTION: 60-Day... Administration (DEA), will submit the following information collection request to the Office of Management and...: Application for Permit to Export Controlled Substances/Export Controlled Substances for Reexport--DEA Forms...

  2. 22 CFR 125.1 - Exports subject to this part.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... EXPORT OF TECHNICAL DATA AND CLASSIFIED DEFENSE ARTICLES § 125.1 Exports subject to this part. (a) The controls of this part apply to the export of technical data and the export of classified defense articles... to the controls of this subchapter. (b) A license for the export of technical data and the exemptions...

  3. DoD STINFO Manager Training Course. Training Manual

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-02-01

    The Export Control Classification Number ( ECCN ) 2. Types of controls, e.g., COCOM 3. Requirements, such as: a. Country groups for which a validated...see Export Administration Act EAR - see Export Administration Regulations ECCN - Export Control Classification Number ELINT - Electronic

  4. Space Science and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Summary of a Workshop

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Finarelli, Margaret G.; Alexander, Joseph K.

    2008-01-01

    The United States seeks to protect its security and foreign-policy interests, in part, by actively controlling the export of goods, technologies, and services that are or may be useful for military development in other nations. "Export" is defined not simply as the sending abroad of hardware but also as the communication of related technology and know-how to foreigners in the United States and overseas. The U.S. government mechanism for controlling dual-use items--items in commerce that have potential military use is the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) administered by the Department of Commerce; items defined in law as defense articles fall under the jurisdiction of the Department of State and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). Because of the potential military implications of the export of defense articles, the ITAR regime imposes much greater burdens (on both the applicant and the government) than does the EAR regime during the process of applying for, and implementing the provisions of, licenses and technical-assistance agreements. Until the early 1990s export control activity related to all space satellites (commercial and scientific) was handled under ITAR. Between 1992 and 1996 the George H.W. Bush and the Clinton administrations transferred jurisdiction over the licensing of civilian communications satellites to the Commerce Department under EAR. In 1999, however, in response to broad concerns about Chinese attempts to acquire U.S. high technology, the U.S. House of Representatives convened the Select Committee on U.S. National Security and Military/Commercial Concerns with the People s Republic of China, also known as the Cox Committee. One of the many consequences of the Cox Committee's report was Congress's mandate that jurisdiction over export and licensing of satellites and related equipment and services, irrespective of military utility, be transferred from the Department of Commerce to the State Department and that such equipment and services be covered as defense articles under ITAR. Scientific satellites were explicitly included despite their use for decades in peaceful internationally conducted cooperative scientific research. It is widely recognized that the shift in regulatory regime from EAR to ITAR has had major deleterious effects on international scientific research activities that depend on satellites, spaceflight hardware, and other items that are now controlled by ITAR. Furthermore, contravening U.S. interests in attracting foreign students to U.S. universities, the capture of space technology by ITAR has caused serious problems in the teaching of university space science and engineering classes, virtually all of which include non-U.S. students. This report is a summary of a September 2007 workshop in which participants from the space research communities and the export-control administration and policy communities came together to discuss problems, effects, and potential solutions regarding the application of ITAR to space science. The principal themes and ideas that emerged from the discussions are summarized.

  5. 19 CFR 207.102 - Initiation of proceedings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... SUBSIDIZED EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES Implementing Regulations for the North American Free Trade Agreement... confidence to the extent permitted by law, and shall destroy any documentary evidence containing allegations...

  6. 19 CFR 207.102 - Initiation of proceedings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... SUBSIDIZED EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES Implementing Regulations for the North American Free Trade Agreement... confidence to the extent permitted by law, and shall destroy any documentary evidence containing allegations...

  7. 19 CFR 207.102 - Initiation of proceedings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... SUBSIDIZED EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES Implementing Regulations for the North American Free Trade Agreement... confidence to the extent permitted by law, and shall destroy any documentary evidence containing allegations...

  8. 19 CFR 207.102 - Initiation of proceedings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... SUBSIDIZED EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES Implementing Regulations for the North American Free Trade Agreement... confidence to the extent permitted by law, and shall destroy any documentary evidence containing allegations...

  9. 19 CFR 207.102 - Initiation of proceedings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... SUBSIDIZED EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES Implementing Regulations for the North American Free Trade Agreement... confidence to the extent permitted by law, and shall destroy any documentary evidence containing allegations...

  10. 76 FR 35275 - Export Control Reform Initiative: Strategic Trade Authorization License Exception

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-16

    .... The Export Control Reform Initiative is designed to enhance U.S. national security and strengthen the... Security 15 CFR Parts 732, 738, 740, et al. Export Control Reform Initiative: Strategic Trade Authorization... Parts 732, 738, 740, 743, and 774 [Docket No. 100923470-1230-03] RIN 0694-AF03 Export Control Reform...

  11. 77 FR 37523 - Proposed Revisions to the Export Administration Regulations: Implementation of Export Control...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-21

    ... manufacturers to design out and avoid U.S.-origin content and services, and (iii) allowing export control... they are ``dual- use'' items. The CCL controls ``dual use'' (e.g., items designed for both military and...: Implementation of Export Control Reform; Revisions to License Exceptions After Retrospective Regulatory Review...

  12. JPRS Report, Near East & South Asia.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-08-11

    political situation was better than it had been in 1967, but 84 percent of the answers stressed that the Arab summit conferences had not succeeded in...34 Rabin stressed that the police was following the law in dealing with the suspects arrested in the riots, and that he was convinced that the report he...no exporting and do not understand it. None of those things we see as exportable traditional goods, such as carpets, cumin and so forth, were part of

  13. 21 CFR 1312.23 - Issuance of export permit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Issuance of export permit. 1312.23 Section 1312.23... CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES Exportation of Controlled Substances § 1312.23 Issuance of export permit. (a) The... regulation in § 1312.30 of this part be exported only pursuant to the issuance of an export permit. The...

  14. 48 CFR 204.7302 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... DEFENSE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Export-Controlled Items 204.7302 General. Certain types of items are subject to export controls in accordance with the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751, et seq.), the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (22 CFR parts 120-130), the Export Administration Act of...

  15. 48 CFR 204.7302 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... DEFENSE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Export-Controlled Items 204.7302 General. Certain types of items are subject to export controls in accordance with the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751, et seq.), the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (22 CFR parts 120-130), the Export Administration Act of...

  16. 50 CFR 10.21 - Director.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... addressed: Chief, Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 3247, Arlington, VA... Director. In the address include one of the following: for import/export licenses and exception to...

  17. 50 CFR 10.21 - Director.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... addressed: Chief, Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 3247, Arlington, VA... Director. In the address include one of the following: for import/export licenses and exception to...

  18. 31 CFR 592.201 - Prohibited importation and exportation of any rough diamond; permitted importation or exportation...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... of any rough diamond; permitted importation or exportation of any rough diamond. 592.201 Section 592... FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ROUGH DIAMONDS CONTROL REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 592.201 Prohibited importation and exportation of any rough diamond; permitted importation or exportation...

  19. 31 CFR 592.201 - Prohibited importation and exportation of any rough diamond; permitted importation or exportation...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... of any rough diamond; permitted importation or exportation of any rough diamond. 592.201 Section 592... FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ROUGH DIAMONDS CONTROL REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 592.201 Prohibited importation and exportation of any rough diamond; permitted importation or exportation...

  20. 31 CFR 592.201 - Prohibited importation and exportation of any rough diamond; permitted importation or exportation...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... of any rough diamond; permitted importation or exportation of any rough diamond. 592.201 Section 592... FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ROUGH DIAMONDS CONTROL REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 592.201 Prohibited importation and exportation of any rough diamond; permitted importation or exportation...

  1. 31 CFR 592.201 - Prohibited importation and exportation of any rough diamond; permitted importation or exportation...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... of any rough diamond; permitted importation or exportation of any rough diamond. 592.201 Section 592... FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ROUGH DIAMONDS CONTROL REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 592.201 Prohibited importation and exportation of any rough diamond; permitted importation or exportation...

  2. Quarterly coal report, July--September 1993

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1994-02-18

    The Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) provides comprehensive information about US coal production, distribution, exports, imports, receipts, prices, consumption, and stocks to a wide audience, including Congress, Federal and State agencies, the coal industry, and the general public. Coke production, consumption, distribution, imports, and exports data are also provided. The data presented in the QCR are collected and published by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) to fulfill data collection and dissemination responsibilities as specified in the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-275), as amended.

  3. 22 CFR 125.1 - Exports subject to this part.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... EXPORT OF TECHNICAL DATA AND CLASSIFIED DEFENSE ARTICLES § 125.1 Exports subject to this part. (a) The controls of this part apply to the export of technical data and the export of classified defense articles... defense articles if the technical data is determined by the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls to be...

  4. 27 CFR 28.304 - Action on claim.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... appropriate TTB officer will allow or disallow claims filed under § 28.303 in accordance with existing law and... spirits as the result of any connivance, collusion, fraud, or negligence on the part of the exporter...

  5. Factors controlling the long-term temporal and spatial patterns of nitrate-nitrogen export in a dairy farming watershed.

    PubMed

    Jiang, Rui; Wang, Chun-ying; Hatano, Ryusuke; Kuramochi, Kanta; Hayakawa, Atsushi; Woli, Krishna P

    2015-04-01

    It is difficult to investigate the factors that control the riverine nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N) export in a watershed which gains or losses groundwater. To control the NO3--N contamination in these watersheds, it is necessary to investigate the factors that are related to the export of NO3--N that is only produced by the watershed itself. This study was conducted in the Shibetsu watershed located in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, which gains external groundwater contribution (EXT) and 34% of the annual NO3--N loading occurs through EXT. The riverine NO3--N exports from 1980 to 2009 were simulated by the SWAT model, and the factors controlling the temporal and spatial patterns of NO3--N exports were investigated without considering the EXT. The results show that hydrological events control NO3--N export at the seasonal scale, while the hydrological and biogeochemical processes are likely to control NO3--N export at the annual scale. There was an integrated effect among the land use, topography, and soil type related to denitrification process, that regulated the spatial patterns of NO3--N export. The spatial distribution of NO3--N export from hydrologic response units (HRUs) identified the agricultural areas with surplus N that are vulnerable to nitrate contamination. A new standard for the N fertilizer application rate including manure application should be given to control riverine NO3--N export. This study demonstrates that applying the SWAT model is an appropriate method to determine the temporal and spatial patterns of NO3--N export from the watershed which includes EXT and to identify the crucial pollution areas within a watershed in which the management practices can be improved to more effectively control NO3--N export to water bodies.

  6. United States import safety, environmental health, and food safety regulation in China.

    PubMed

    Nyambok, Edward O; Kastner, Justin J

    2012-01-01

    China boasts a rapidly growing economy and is a leading food exporter. Since China has dominated world export markets in food, electronics, and toys, many safety concerns about Chinese exports have emerged. For example, many countries have had problems with Chinese food products and food-processing ingredients. Factors behind food safety and environmental health problems in China include poor industrial waste management, the use of counterfeit agricultural inputs, inadequate training of farmers on good farm management practices, and weak food safety laws and poor enforcement. In the face of rising import safety problems, the U.S. is now requiring certification of products and foreign importers, pursuing providing incentives to importers who uphold good safety practices, and considering publicizing the names of certified importers.

  7. 75 FR 33989 - Export Administration Regulations: Technical Corrections

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-16

    ... 0694-AE69 Export Administration Regulations: Technical Corrections AGENCY: Bureau of Industry and... section of Export Control Classification Number 2B001 and the other is in the Technical Note on Adjusted... language regarding certain performance criteria of turning machines covered by Export Control...

  8. 15 CFR 30.15 - Introduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... export control purposes. All parties to an export transaction must comply with all relevant export... convenience, references to provisions of the EAR, ITAR, CBP, and OFAC regulations that affect the statistical... information may be required for export control purposes by the regulations of CBP, BIS, State Department, or...

  9. 15 CFR 30.15 - Introduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... export control purposes. All parties to an export transaction must comply with all relevant export... convenience, references to provisions of the EAR, ITAR, CBP, and OFAC regulations that affect the statistical... information may be required for export control purposes by the regulations of CBP, BIS, State Department, or...

  10. 15 CFR 30.15 - Introduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... export control purposes. All parties to an export transaction must comply with all relevant export... convenience, references to provisions of the EAR, ITAR, CBP, and OFAC regulations that affect the statistical... information may be required for export control purposes by the regulations of CBP, BIS, State Department, or...

  11. 15 CFR 30.15 - Introduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... export control purposes. All parties to an export transaction must comply with all relevant export... convenience, references to provisions of the EAR, ITAR, CBP, and OFAC regulations that affect the statistical... information may be required for export control purposes by the regulations of CBP, BIS, State Department, or...

  12. 77 FR 48960 - Order Renewing Order Temporarily Denying Export Privileges

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-15

    ... Office of the Administrative Law Judge, U.S. Coast Guard ALJ Docketing Center, 40 South Gay Street... South Gay Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202-4022. In accordance with the provisions of Section 766.24(d...

  13. Containerization Policy: Considering Increased Load Weight for Certain Circumstances of Freight in Wisconsin

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2009-06-01

    Many businesses in Wisconsin export their goods throughout the world. An efficient way of doing business internationally is through containerized shipments. This research discovered that Wisconsin's weight laws for transporting international containe...

  14. Containerization policy : considering increased load weight for certain circumstances of freight in Wisconsin.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2009-06-01

    Many businesses in Wisconsin export their goods throughout the world. An efficient way of doing business internationally is : through containerized shipments. This research discovered that Wisconsins weight laws for transporting international cont...

  15. 15 CFR 746.4 - North Korea.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ...; musical instruments; art; and antiques and collectible items, including but not limited to rare coins and... lawfully exported commodities as set forth in § 740.13(a) and sales technology as set forth in § 740.13 (b...

  16. 15 CFR 746.4 - North Korea.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ...; musical instruments; art; and antiques and collectible items, including but not limited to rare coins and... lawfully exported commodities as set forth in § 740.13(a) and sales technology as set forth in § 740.13 (b...

  17. 15 CFR 746.4 - North Korea.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ...; musical instruments; art; and antiques and collectible items, including but not limited to rare coins and... lawfully exported commodities as set forth in § 740.13(a) and sales technology as set forth in § 740.13 (b...

  18. Quarterly coal report, October--December 1994

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    1995-05-23

    The Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) provides comprehensive information about US coal production, distribution, exports, imports, receipts, prices, consumption, and stocks to a wide audience, including Congress, Federal and State agencies, the coal industry, and the general public. Coke production, consumption, distribution, imports, and exports data are also provided. The data presented in the QCR are collected and published by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) to fulfill data collection and dissemination responsibilities as specified in the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-275), as amended. This report presents detailed quarterly data for October through December 1994 and aggregated quarterlymore » historical data for 1986 through the third quarter of 1994. Appendix A displays, from 1986 on, detailed quarterly historical coal imports data, as specified in Section 202 of the Energy Policy and Conservation Amendments Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-58). Appendix B gives selected quarterly tables converted to metric tons.« less

  19. Agencies Should Assess Vulnerabilities and Improve Guidance for Protecting Export-Controlled Information at Companies

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-12-01

    Supplement DOD Department of Defense DOL Department of Labor DTSA Defense Technology Security Administration EAR Export Administration Regulations...and outreach to companies on the export regulations. DOD: The Defense Technology Security Administration ( DTSA ) represents DOD on export control...and technologies, which DOD oversees. DTSA serves an advisory role in State’s and Commerce’s export license review processes and offers technical

  20. Managing U.S. Military Technology and Arms Release Policy to Israel

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-04-01

    in the world. In accordance with the laws governing defense export, the Defense Technology Security Administration ( DTSA ) is chartered to be the...Marines, Air Force) Defense Technology Security Administration ( DTSA ) Figure 1. U.S. Defense Technology Trade Key Players Most of the U.S. laws...within each military establishment that lend themselves to the necessary collaboration. For the U.S., the DoD’s DTSA would be the appropriate

  1. 78 FR 45168 - Acquisition Regulations: Export Control

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-26

    ... Control AGENCY: Department of Energy. ACTION: Notice of reopening of public comment period. SUMMARY: On... (78 FR 35195) to amend the Department of Energy Acquisition Regulation (DEAR) to add export control... ``DEAR: Export Control and RIN 1991-AB99,'' by any of the following methods: Federal eRulemaking Portal...

  2. 78 FR 61873 - Revisions to the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) To Make the Commerce Control List (CCL...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-04

    ...This final rule implements changes that were proposed on November 29, 2012 in a proposed rule entitled Revisions to the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) To Make the Commerce Control List (CCL) Clearer. The changes in the November 29 proposed rule were informed by public comments received in response to an advance notice of proposed rulemaking entitled Commerce Control List: Revising Descriptions of Items and Foreign Availability published as part of the President's Export Control Reform (ECR) Initiative on December 9, 2010. This final rule implements changes that can be made to the CCL without requiring changes to multilateral export control regime guidelines or lists. This final rule also makes conforming changes and minor clarifications as a result of the publication of two final rules implementing the Export Control Reform Initiative: the April 16, 2013 final rule entitled Revisions to the Export Administration Regulations: Initial Implementation of Export Control Reform; and the July 8, 2013 final rule entitled Revisions to the Export Administration Regulations: Military Vehicles; Vessels of War; Submersible Vessels, Oceanographic Equipment; Related Items; and Auxiliary and Miscellaneous Items that the President Determines No Longer Warrant Control under the United States Munitions List. Lastly, this final rule is making revisions to the EAR as a result of public comments received in response to the November 29 proposed rule and to a notice of inquiry (NOI) entitled Request for Public Comments on Shipping Tolerances for Export Licenses Issued by the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS), that BIS published on July 5, 2012.

  3. 50 CFR 11.24 - Final administrative action.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... TAKING, POSSESSION, TRANSPORTATION, SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND... law judge's decision shall constitute the final administrative determination of the Secretary in the matter and shall become effective 30 calendar days from the date of the decision. ...

  4. 75 FR 7548 - Amendments to the Select Agents Controls in Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) 1C360 on...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-22

    ...-91434-01] RIN 0694-AE67 Amendments to the Select Agents Controls in Export Control Classification Number... controls on certain select agents identified in Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) 1C360 on the...) list of select agents and toxins. The changes made by APHIS were part of a biennial review and...

  5. The Encryption Export Policy Controversy: Searching for Balance in the Information Age

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2000-01-01

    of the American ,Encryption Standard is released in 2002 Source: "Reforming Encryption Export Controls," The Democratic Leadership Council Briefing...34Reforming Encryption Export Controls," The Democratic Leadership Council Briefmg, May 24, 1999; available at <http://www.dlcppi.org/briefing/b990524...denning/crypto/lib2000.html>; accessed on November 27, 1999. "Reforming Encryption Export Controls." The Democratic Leadership Council Briefing, May

  6. Why the Lack of Academic Literature on Export Controls?

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kremic, Tibor

    2001-01-01

    Export controls is currently a relevant and dynamic topic. Given the growth of global operations and the high-tech nature of many products, an increase in awareness and understanding of the impacts of export controls are necessary. A structured approach to export controls has been in existence since 1949. Despite over 50 years of history, surprisingly little academic research and literature exists on the topic. This paper explores the current export control environment and explores possible reasons for the limited academic interest. Five possible reasons are discussed: (1) dynamic nature of the topic; (2) difficulty in ensuring accurate data; (3) Complexity of the problem; (4) relatively small economic impact; and (5) sensitive information. A research approach is recommended that considers these potential obstacles.

  7. 78 FR 37518 - Order Denying Export Privileges

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-21

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Order Denying Export Privileges In the... Texas, Lee Roy Perez (``Perez'') was convicted of violating Section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act... of knowingly and willfully exporting and causing to be exported and attempting to export and...

  8. 10 CFR 590.311 - Conferences.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... ENERGY (CONTINUED) NATURAL GAS (ECONOMIC REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION) ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES WITH RESPECT TO THE IMPORT AND EXPORT OF NATURAL GAS Procedures § 590.311 Conferences. (a) Upon motion by a..., delineate issues, stipulate certain issues of fact or law, set procedures, and consider other relevant...

  9. 10 CFR 590.311 - Conferences.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... ENERGY (CONTINUED) NATURAL GAS (ECONOMIC REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION) ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES WITH RESPECT TO THE IMPORT AND EXPORT OF NATURAL GAS Procedures § 590.311 Conferences. (a) Upon motion by a..., delineate issues, stipulate certain issues of fact or law, set procedures, and consider other relevant...

  10. Export Controls: Observations on Selected Countries’ Systems and Proposed Treaties

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-05-01

    suspected violators of arms Investigates suspected criminal viol including potential export control v and dual-use export control lawse Source: GAO...those that present a strategic military conc substances, biological agents , and related items that could be used in the producti chemical and

  11. 3 CFR - Continuation of Emergency Regarding Export Control Regulations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 3 The President 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Continuation of Emergency Regarding Export Control Regulations Presidential Documents Other Presidential Documents Notice of August 12, 2011 Continuation of Emergency Regarding Export Control Regulations On August 17, 2001, consistent with the authority provided to...

  12. 21 CFR 1312.29 - Domestic release prohibited.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Domestic release prohibited. 1312.29 Section 1312... OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES Exportation of Controlled Substances § 1312.29 Domestic release prohibited. An exporter or a forwarding agent acting for an exporter must either deliver the controlled...

  13. Regional Seminars to Address Current Nuclear Export Control Issues

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Killinger, Mark H.

    2002-07-01

    The control of nuclear-related exports, a critical component of the nonproliferation regime, is facing several opportunities and challenges. As countries sign and ratify the International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) safeguards Additional Protocol (AP), they will begin to report far more export information, including exports of a list of items similar to the Nuclear Supplier Group's Trigger List that existed when the AP was developed in the mid-1990s. This positive development contrasts with challenges such as globalization, transshipments, and tracking of end-uses. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is proposing that the US Department of Energy (DOE) develop regional seminars that address thesemore » types of issues related to export/import controls. The DOE seminars would be designed to supplement regional seminars sponsored by the IAEA and member states on topics related to the Additional Protocol (referred to as "IAEA seminars"). The topic of nuclear export/import controls is not thoroughly addressed in the IAEA seminars. The proposed DOE seminars would therefore have two objectives: familiarizing countries with the export/import provisions of the Additional Protocol, and addressing challenges such as those noted above. The seminars would be directed particularly at countries that have not ratified the AP, and at regions where export-related problems are particularly prevalent. The intent is to encourage governments to implement more effective nuclear export control systems that meet the challenges of the 21st century.« less

  14. A Proven Method for Meeting Export Control Objectives in Postal and Shipping Sectors

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-02-01

    Mellon University for the operation of the Software Engineering Institute, a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the United...Export Control at USPS 5 3.3 Objectives for Improving Export Screening at USPS 6 4 Development of the New Screening Process 7 4.1 “Walking the Model...Export Screening Development Process 10 Figure 2: Induction and Processing of International Mail 10 Figure 3: The Export Screening Process 11

  15. 3 CFR - Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to Export Control Regulations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 3 The President 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to Export Control Regulations Presidential Documents Other Presidential Documents Notice of August 15, 2012 Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to Export Control Regulations On August 17...

  16. 75 FR 36481 - Encryption Export Controls: Revision of License Exception ENC and Mass Market Eligibility...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-25

    ... Eligibility for Most Encryption Technology, to Non-``Government End-Users'' Outside Country Group D:1 or E:1.... Encryption Export Controls: Revision of License Exception ENC and Mass Market Eligibility, Submission... Export Controls: Revision of License Exception ENC and Mass Market Eligibility, Submission Procedures...

  17. 75 FR 47548 - President's Export Council Subcommittee on Export Administration; Notice of Recruitment of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-06

    ... selected from firms producing a broad range of goods, software, and technologies presently controlled for... their services. The PECSEA is seeking private-sector members with senior export control expertise and...

  18. 76 FR 40697 - Water and Wastewater Trade Mission to Australia Taking Place September 12-15, 2011; Now Opened to...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-11

    ... 2005. Australia possesses a sound legal system, which is hospitable to foreign investors and exporters... corruption remain low, and Australia maintains rule of law, transparency, a strong banking system, and a...

  19. 78 FR 33692 - Implementation of the Understandings Reached at the 2012 Australia Group (AG) Plenary Meeting and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-05

    ... Australia Group (AG) ``List of Biological Agents for Export Control,'' as follows: b.1. Reconstructed.... Bacteria identified on the Australia Group (AG) ``List of Biological Agents for Export Control,'' as... Group (AG) ``List of Plant Pathogens for Export Control'']. b. Fungi, as follows: b.1. Colletotrichum...

  20. 77 FR 71213 - Revisions to the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) To Make the Commerce Control List (CCL...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-29

    ...On December 9, 2010, the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) published an advance notice of proposed rulemaking entitled Commerce Control List: Revising Descriptions of Items and Foreign Availability as part of the President's Export Control Reform (ECR) Initiative. The December 9, 2010 notice sought, among other things, public comments on how descriptions of items controlled on the Commerce Control List (CCL) could be made clearer. This proposed rule would implement changes identified by BIS and the public that would make the CCL clearer. This rule would only implement changes that can be made to the CCL without requiring changes to multilateral export control regime guidelines or lists. However, BIS has identified changes that would require a decision of a multilateral regime to implement. For those changes, the U.S. Government is developing regime change proposals for consideration by members of those multilateral export control regimes. BIS will implement those changes in separate rulemakings, if approved by the respective multilateral export control regimes.

  1. Inspection of the Department`s export licensing process for dual-use and munitions commodities

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1993-08-10

    The purpose of our inspection was to review the Department of Energy`s (Energy) export licensing process for dual-use and military (munitions) commodities subject to nuclear nonproliferation controls. Specifically, we reviewed Energy`s authorities, procedures, and policies pertaining to the export licensing process and examined procedures for safeguarding data transmitted between Energy and other agencies involved in the export licensing process. We also reviewed Energy`s role as a member of the Subgroup on Nuclear Export Coordination. Our review of the sample of 60 export cases did not find evidence to lead us to believe that Energy`s recommendations for these cases were inappropriatemore » or incorrect. We identified, however, problems regarding management systems associated with the export license review process. We found that without documentation supporting export licensing decisions by the Export Control Operations Division (ECOD), we could not determine whether ECOD analysts considered all required criteria in their review of export cases referred to Energy. For example, we found that the ECOD did not retain records documenting the bases for its advice, recommendations, or decisions regarding its reviews of export license cases or revisions to lists of controlled commodities and, therefore, was not in compliance with certain provisions of the Export Administration Act, as amended, and Energy records management directives. Additionally, we found that the degree of compliance by Energy with the export licensing review criteria contained in the Export Administration Regulations and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 could not be determined because ECOD did not retain records documenting the bases for its advice and recommendations on export cases.« less

  2. 50 CFR 11.1 - Purpose of regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., POSSESSION, TRANSPORTATION, SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS CIVIL PROCEDURES Introduction § 11.1 Purpose of regulations. The regulations contained in this part provide uniform rules and procedures for the assessment of civil penalties in connection with violations of certain laws...

  3. Small Manufacturers Export Initiative Act

    THOMAS, 111th Congress

    Rep. Larsen, Rick [D-WA-2

    2010-07-20

    House - 07/23/2010 Referred to the Subcommittee on Technology and Innovation. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.5297, which became Public Law 111-240 on 9/27/2010. Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  4. Role of ER Export Signals in Controlling Surface Potassium Channel Numbers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ma, Dzwokai; Zerangue, Noa; Lin, Yu-Fung; Collins, Anthony; Yu, Mei; Jan, Yuh Nung; Yeh Jan, Lily

    2001-01-01

    Little is known about the identity of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export signals and how they are used to regulate the number of proteins on the cell surface. Here, we describe two ER export signals that profoundly altered the steady-state distribution of potassium channels and were required for channel localization to the plasma membrane. When transferred to other potassium channels or a G protein-coupled receptor, these ER export signals increased the number of functional proteins on the cell surface. Thus, ER export of membrane proteins is not necessarily limited by folding or assembly, but may be under the control of specific export signals.

  5. 3 CFR - Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to Export Control Regulations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 3 The President 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to Export Control Regulations Presidential Documents Other Presidential Documents Notice of August 8, 2013 Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to Export Control Regulations On August 17, 2001, consistent with the authority provided t...

  6. 32 CFR 250.9 - Notice to accompany the dissemination of export-controlled technical data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Commerce for items controlled by the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), may constitute a violation of..., the penalty for unlawful export of items or information controlled under the EAR is a fine of up to $1... resulting from manufacture or use for any purpose of any product, article, system, or material involving...

  7. 32 CFR 250.9 - Notice to accompany the dissemination of export-controlled technical data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Commerce for items controlled by the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), may constitute a violation of..., the penalty for unlawful export of items or information controlled under the EAR is a fine of up to $1... resulting from manufacture or use for any purpose of any product, article, system, or material involving...

  8. 32 CFR 250.9 - Notice to accompany the dissemination of export-controlled technical data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Commerce for items controlled by the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), may constitute a violation of..., the penalty for unlawful export of items or information controlled under the EAR is a fine of up to $1... resulting from manufacture or use for any purpose of any product, article, system, or material involving...

  9. 32 CFR 250.9 - Notice to accompany the dissemination of export-controlled technical data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Commerce for items controlled by the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), may constitute a violation of..., the penalty for unlawful export of items or information controlled under the EAR is a fine of up to $1... resulting from manufacture or use for any purpose of any product, article, system, or material involving...

  10. 40 CFR 799.19 - Chemical imports and exports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Chemical imports and exports. 799.19... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS General Provisions § 799.19 Chemical imports and exports. Persons who export or who intend to export...

  11. 40 CFR 799.19 - Chemical imports and exports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Chemical imports and exports. 799.19... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS General Provisions § 799.19 Chemical imports and exports. Persons who export or who intend to export...

  12. 40 CFR 799.19 - Chemical imports and exports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Chemical imports and exports. 799.19... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS General Provisions § 799.19 Chemical imports and exports. Persons who export or who intend to export...

  13. 40 CFR 799.19 - Chemical imports and exports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Chemical imports and exports. 799.19... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS General Provisions § 799.19 Chemical imports and exports. Persons who export or who intend to export...

  14. Heme controls ferroportin1 (FPN1) transcription involving Bach1, Nrf2 and a MARE/ARE sequence motif at position -7007 of the FPN1 promoter.

    PubMed

    Marro, Samuele; Chiabrando, Deborah; Messana, Erika; Stolte, Jens; Turco, Emilia; Tolosano, Emanuela; Muckenthaler, Martina U

    2010-08-01

    Macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system play a key role in recycling iron from hemoglobin of senescent or damaged erythrocytes. Heme oxygenase 1 degrades the heme moiety and releases inorganic iron that is stored in ferritin or exported to the plasma via the iron export protein ferroportin. In the plasma, iron binds to transferrin and is made available for de novo red cell synthesis. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the regulatory mechanisms that control the transcriptional response of iron export protein ferroportin to hemoglobin in macrophages. Iron export protein ferroportin mRNA expression was analyzed in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages in response to hemoglobin, heme, ferric ammonium citrate or protoporphyrin treatment or to siRNA mediated knockdown or overexpression of Btb And Cnc Homology 1 or nuclear accumulation of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-like. Iron export protein ferroportin promoter activity was analyzed using reporter constructs that contain specific truncations of the iron export protein ferroportin promoter or mutations in a newly identified MARE/ARE element. We show that iron export protein ferroportin is transcriptionally co-regulated with heme oxygenase 1 by heme, a degradation product of hemoglobin. The protoporphyrin ring of heme is sufficient to increase iron export protein ferroportin transcriptional activity while the iron released from the heme moiety controls iron export protein ferroportin translation involving the IRE in the 5'untranslated region. Transcription of iron export protein ferroportin is inhibited by Btb and Cnc Homology 1 and activated by Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-like involving a MARE/ARE element located at position -7007/-7016 of the iron export protein ferroportin promoter. This finding suggests that heme controls a macrophage iron recycling regulon involving Btb and Cnc Homology 1 and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-like to assure the coordinated degradation of heme by heme oxygenase 1, iron storage and detoxification by ferritin, and iron export by iron export protein ferroportin.

  15. The Export Administration Act: Evolution, Provisions, and Debate

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-07-15

    an export control classification number ( ECCN ) based on the above categories and functional group. Each ECCN is accompanied by a description of the...item and the reason for control. Currently, there are about 500 ECCN listings. In addition to discrete items on the CCL, nearly all U.S.-origin...establishment of new military end-use controls on 20 product categories consisting of 31 export control classification numbers ( ECCN ). Currently, these

  16. 40 CFR 82.23 - Transfers of allowances of class II controlled substances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., any production, and allowable imports and exports of class II controlled substances reported by the... quantity of the transferor's class II consumption allowances, production allowances, export production... EPA; and (G) For trades of consumption allowances, production allowances, export production allowances...

  17. 19 CFR 192.3 - Penalties.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...) EXPORT CONTROL Exportation of Used Self-Propelled Vehicles, Vessels, and Aircraft § 192.3 Penalties. (a... importer or exporter who knowingly imports, exports or attempts to import or export: (1) Any stolen self-propelled vehicle, vessel, aircraft or part of a self-propelled vehicle, vessel or aircraft; or (2) Any self...

  18. 19 CFR 192.3 - Penalties.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ...) EXPORT CONTROL Exportation of Used Self-Propelled Vehicles, Vessels, and Aircraft § 192.3 Penalties. (a... importer or exporter who knowingly imports, exports or attempts to import or export: (1) Any stolen self-propelled vehicle, vessel, aircraft or part of a self-propelled vehicle, vessel or aircraft; or (2) Any self...

  19. 78 FR 37520 - Order Denying Export Privileges

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-21

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Order Denying Export Privileges In the... Molina, Jr. (``Molina'') was convicted of violating Section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C... attempting to export and causing to be exported from the United States to Mexico two AK47 semi-automatic...

  20. 77 FR 60377 - Order Denying Export Privileges

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-03

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Order Denying Export Privileges In the... causing to be violated the United States trade restriction with Iran by exporting and attempting to export... Foreign Assets Control for such an export. Avanessian was also convicted of one count of conspiracy (18 U...

  1. Small Business Export Enhancement Act of 2010

    THOMAS, 111th Congress

    Rep. Dahlkemper, Kathleen A. [D-PA-3

    2010-07-22

    House - 07/22/2010 Referred to the House Committee on Small Business. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.5297, which became Public Law 111-240 on 9/27/2010. Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  2. 40 CFR 761.91 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... section 6 of TSCA applicable to the transboundary shipments of PCBs and PCB Items into and out of the... applicable to imported or exported PCBs and PCB Items under foreign laws, international agreements or... to affect or limit the applicability of any requirement applicable to transporters of PCB waste under...

  3. 10 CFR 590.401 - Orders to show cause.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) NATURAL GAS (ECONOMIC REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION) ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES WITH RESPECT TO THE IMPORT AND EXPORT OF NATURAL GAS Opinions and Orders § 590.401 Orders to show cause... contravention or violation of any authorization, statute, rule, order, or law administered by FE applicable to...

  4. 10 CFR 590.401 - Orders to show cause.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) NATURAL GAS (ECONOMIC REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION) ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES WITH RESPECT TO THE IMPORT AND EXPORT OF NATURAL GAS Opinions and Orders § 590.401 Orders to show cause... contravention or violation of any authorization, statute, rule, order, or law administered by FE applicable to...

  5. 10 CFR 590.401 - Orders to show cause.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) NATURAL GAS (ECONOMIC REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION) ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES WITH RESPECT TO THE IMPORT AND EXPORT OF NATURAL GAS Opinions and Orders § 590.401 Orders to show cause... contravention or violation of any authorization, statute, rule, order, or law administered by FE applicable to...

  6. 10 CFR 590.401 - Orders to show cause.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) NATURAL GAS (ECONOMIC REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION) ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES WITH RESPECT TO THE IMPORT AND EXPORT OF NATURAL GAS Opinions and Orders § 590.401 Orders to show cause... contravention or violation of any authorization, statute, rule, order, or law administered by FE applicable to...

  7. 10 CFR 590.312 - Oral presentations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) NATURAL GAS (ECONOMIC REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION) ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES WITH RESPECT TO THE IMPORT AND EXPORT OF NATURAL GAS Procedures § 590.312 Oral presentations. (a) Any... substantial question of fact, law or policy at issue and demonstrate that it is material and relevant to the...

  8. 78 FR 69648 - Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee (CINTAC) Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-20

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee... nuclear goods and services in accordance with applicable U.S. laws and regulations, including advice on how U.S. civil nuclear goods and services export policies, programs, and activities will affect the U...

  9. American export control, technology spillover and innovation of Chinese pharmaceutical Industry.

    PubMed

    Hui, Jiang

    2017-05-01

    This paper was aimed to analyze whether the U.S. strict export control to China affects the technological innovation of Chinese pharmaceutical industry. This paper selected the data of technological innovation and the expenditure of high and new technology adoption in China's pharmaceutical industry from 1995 to 2014, created panel regression model to study the impact of export controls on technology spillovers and the impact of technology spillovers on innovation capacity. The results show that US export control has a significant impact on technology spillovers, but foreign technology spillovers have no significant impact on the innovation of Chinese pharmaceutical industry. Although the US export control prevented foreign technology spillovers to China, but indirectly stimulated the domestic technology spillovers to pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in China. Statistical analysis show that the correlation coefficient between innovation capacity and expenditure for high technology adoption is not significant, but the expenditure of purchasing domestic technical is essential to pharmaceutical innovation. This study shows that US export control indirectly, not directly, affected the technological innovation of China's pharmaceutical industry, affected the allocation of innovative resources, but failed to prevent the technological progress and competitiveness improvement of Chinese pharmaceutical industry.

  10. 26 CFR 1.970-1 - Export trade corporations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2014-04-01 2013-04-01 true Export trade corporations. 1.970-1 Section 1.970... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Export Trade Corporations § 1.970-1 Export trade corporations. (a) In general. Sections 970 through 972 provide in general that if a controlled foreign corporation is an export...

  11. 26 CFR 1.970-1 - Export trade corporations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Export trade corporations. 1.970-1 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Export Trade Corporations § 1.970-1 Export trade corporations. (a) In general. Sections 970 through 972 provide in general that if a controlled foreign corporation is an export...

  12. 26 CFR 1.970-1 - Export trade corporations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Export trade corporations. 1.970-1 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Export Trade Corporations § 1.970-1 Export trade corporations. (a) In general. Sections 970 through 972 provide in general that if a controlled foreign corporation is an export...

  13. 26 CFR 1.970-1 - Export trade corporations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Export trade corporations. 1.970-1 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Export Trade Corporations § 1.970-1 Export trade corporations. (a) In general. Sections 970 through 972 provide in general that if a controlled foreign corporation is an export...

  14. 26 CFR 1.970-1 - Export trade corporations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Export trade corporations. 1.970-1 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Export Trade Corporations § 1.970-1 Export trade corporations. (a) In general. Sections 970 through 972 provide in general that if a controlled foreign corporation is an export trade...

  15. 78 FR 11947 - 60-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Directorate of Defense Trade Controls...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-20

    ...: Directorate of Defense Trade Controls Information Collection: Export Declaration of Defense Technical Data or... . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title of Information Collection: Export Declaration of Defense Technical Data or... collection: Actual export of defense technical data and defense services must be reported directly to the...

  16. 22 CFR 123.5 - Temporary export licenses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... DEFENSE ARTICLES § 123.5 Temporary export licenses. (a) The Directorate of Defense Trade Controls may issue a license for the temporary export of unclassified defense articles (DSP-73). Such licenses are... license or other written approval must be obtained from the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls if the...

  17. 22 CFR 123.5 - Temporary export licenses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... AND TEMPORARY IMPORT OF DEFENSE ARTICLES § 123.5 Temporary export licenses. (a) The Directorate of Defense Trade Controls may issue a license for the temporary export of unclassified defense articles (DSP... Defense Trade Controls if the article is to remain outside the United States beyond the period for which...

  18. 22 CFR 123.5 - Temporary export licenses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... DEFENSE ARTICLES § 123.5 Temporary export licenses. (a) The Directorate of Defense Trade Controls may issue a license for the temporary export of unclassified defense articles (DSP-73). Such licenses are... license or other written approval must be obtained from the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls if the...

  19. 31 CFR 500.575 - Certain services to Vietnamese nationals authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL... to Country Group Y, as set forth in Supplement No. 1 to part 770 of the Export Administration... that may not be exported under a general license to Country Group Y pursuant to the Export...

  20. 15 CFR 742.17 - Exports of firearms to OAS member countries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... REGULATIONS CONTROL POLICY-CCL BASED CONTROLS § 742.17 Exports of firearms to OAS member countries. (a... not entered into force. (b) Licensing policy. Applications supported by an Import Certificate or... be approved, except there is a policy of denial for applications to export items linked to such...

  1. HIV-1 Rev protein specifies the viral RNA export pathway by suppressing TAP/NXF1 recruitment

    PubMed Central

    Taniguchi, Ichiro; Mabuchi, Naoto; Ohno, Mutsuhito

    2014-01-01

    Nuclear RNA export pathways in eukaryotes are often linked to the fate of a given RNA. Therefore, the choice of export pathway should be well-controlled to avoid an unfavorable effect on gene expression. Although some RNAs could be exported by more than one pathway, little is known about how the choice is regulated. This issue is highlighted when the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev protein induces the export of singly spliced and unspliced HIV-1 transcripts. How these RNAs are exported is not well understood because such transcripts should have the possibility of utilizing CRM1-dependent export via Rev or cellular TAP/NXF1-dependent export via the transcription/export (TREX) complex, or both. Here we found that Rev suppressed TAP/NXF1-dependent export of model RNA substrates that recapitulated viral transcripts. In this effect, Rev interacted with the cap-binding complex and inhibited the recruitment of the TREX complex. Thus, Rev controls the identity of the factor occupying the cap-proximal region that determines the RNA export pathway. This ribonucleoprotein remodeling activity of Rev may favor viral gene expression. PMID:24753416

  2. Management Training and Development within Its Environment: The Case of Libyan Industrial Companies.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Agnaia, Almehdi A.

    1997-01-01

    A survey of 45 Libyan industrial companies found that many were owned/managed by government agencies. Management training and development were constrained by political, social, and economic factors, such as policies and laws, customs and beliefs about work, and import/export restrictions. (SK)

  3. 31 CFR 537.523 - Authorization of nongovernmental organizations to engage in humanitarian or religious activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... of income, such as official grants, private endowments, commercial activities; (7) Financial... firms, if employed in the production of the organization's financial statements (names of individuals... from compliance with other applicable U.S. laws governing the exportation or reexportation of U.S...

  4. 15 CFR 766.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Bureau of Export Administration) and all of its component units, including, in particular for purposes of... law judge in proceedings involving violations relating to part 760 of the EAR, which is subject to... than those relating to part 760 of the EAR, which is subject to review by the Under Secretary of...

  5. 15 CFR 766.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Bureau of Export Administration) and all of its component units, including, in particular for purposes of... law judge in proceedings involving violations relating to part 760 of the EAR, which is subject to... than those relating to part 760 of the EAR, which is subject to review by the Under Secretary of...

  6. 15 CFR 766.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Bureau of Export Administration) and all of its component units, including, in particular for purposes of... law judge in proceedings involving violations relating to part 760 of the EAR, which is subject to... than those relating to part 760 of the EAR, which is subject to review by the Under Secretary of...

  7. 15 CFR 766.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Bureau of Export Administration) and all of its component units, including, in particular for purposes of... law judge in proceedings involving violations relating to part 760 of the EAR, which is subject to... than those relating to part 760 of the EAR, which is subject to review by the Under Secretary of...

  8. 15 CFR 766.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Bureau of Export Administration) and all of its component units, including, in particular for purposes of... law judge in proceedings involving violations relating to part 760 of the EAR, which is subject to... than those relating to part 760 of the EAR, which is subject to review by the Under Secretary of...

  9. 18 CFR 153.7 - Contents of application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REGULATIONS UNDER NATURAL GAS ACT APPLICATIONS FOR AUTHORIZATION TO CONSTRUCT, OPERATE, OR MODIFY FACILITIES USED FOR THE EXPORT OR IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS Application Under Section 3 § 153.7... under the laws of which the applicant was organized, and the town or city where applicant's principal...

  10. 18 CFR 153.7 - Contents of application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REGULATIONS UNDER NATURAL GAS ACT APPLICATIONS FOR AUTHORIZATION TO CONSTRUCT, OPERATE, OR MODIFY FACILITIES USED FOR THE EXPORT OR IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS Application Under Section 3 § 153.7... under the laws of which the applicant was organized, and the town or city where applicant's principal...

  11. 18 CFR 153.7 - Contents of application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REGULATIONS UNDER NATURAL GAS ACT APPLICATIONS FOR AUTHORIZATION TO CONSTRUCT, OPERATE, OR MODIFY FACILITIES USED FOR THE EXPORT OR IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS Application Under Section 3 § 153.7... under the laws of which the applicant was organized, and the town or city where applicant's principal...

  12. 18 CFR 153.7 - Contents of application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REGULATIONS UNDER NATURAL GAS ACT APPLICATIONS FOR AUTHORIZATION TO CONSTRUCT, OPERATE, OR MODIFY FACILITIES USED FOR THE EXPORT OR IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS Application Under Section 3 § 153.7... under the laws of which the applicant was organized, and the town or city where applicant's principal...

  13. 19 CFR 159.36 - Multiple certified rates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Federal Reserve Bank of New York certifies two or more rates of exchange for the currency of any country, those rates will be published in the Customs Bulletin. (b) Laws of country of exportation followed. When..., information obtained and presented to him by the importer, or information obtained from other sources, is...

  14. 50 CFR 11.23 - Hearings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... the right to a hearing and consent to the making of a decision on the record made at the hearing..., TRANSPORTATION, SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS CIVIL PROCEDURES... accorded by law and necessary to preside over the parties and the proceedings and to make decisions in...

  15. Latitudinal distributions of particulate carbon export across the North Western Atlantic Ocean

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Puigcorbé, Viena; Roca-Martí, Montserrat; Masqué, Pere; Benitez-Nelson, Claudia; Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel; Bracher, Astrid; Moreau, Sebastien

    2017-11-01

    234Th-derived carbon export fluxes were measured in the Atlantic Ocean under the GEOTRACES framework to evaluate basin-scale export variability. Here, we present the results from the northern half of the GA02 transect, spanning from the equator to 64°N. As a result of limited site-specific C/234Th ratio measurements, we further combined our data with previous work to develop a basin wide C/234Th ratio depth curve. While the magnitude of organic carbon fluxes varied depending on the C/234Th ratio used, latitudinal trends were similar, with sizeable and variable organic carbon export fluxes occurring at high latitudes and low to negligible fluxes occurring in oligotrophic waters. Our results agree with previous studies, except at the boundaries between domains, where fluxes were relatively enhanced. Three different models were used to obtain satellite-derived net primary production (NPP). In general, NPP estimates had similar trends along the transect, but there were significant differences in the absolute magnitude depending on the model used. Nevertheless, organic carbon export efficiencies were generally < 25%, with the exception of a few stations located in the transition area between the riverine and the oligotrophic domains and between the oligotrophic and the temperate domains. Satellite-derived organic carbon export models from Dunne et al. (2005) (D05), Laws et al. (2011) (L11) and Henson et al. (2011) (H11) were also compared to our 234Th-derived carbon exports fluxes. D05 and L11 provided estimates closest to values obtained with the 234Th approach (within a 3-fold difference), but with no clear trends. The H11 model, on the other hand, consistently provided lower export estimates. The large increase in export data in the Atlantic Ocean derived from the GEOTRACES Program, combined with satellite observations and modeling efforts continue to improve the estimates of carbon export in this ocean basin and therefore reduce uncertainty in the global carbon budget. However, our results also suggest that tuning export models and including biological parameters at a regional scale is necessary for improving satellite-modeling efforts and providing export estimates that are more representative of in situ observations.

  16. 15 CFR 732.5 - Steps regarding Shipper's Export Declaration or Automated Export System record, Destination...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... than anti-terrorism (AT). The only exception to this requirement would be the return of unwanted... be entered on the invoice and on the bill of lading, air waybill, or other export control document... THE EAR § 732.5 Steps regarding Shipper's Export Declaration or Automated Export System record...

  17. 15 CFR 732.5 - Steps regarding Shipper's Export Declaration or Automated Export System record, Destination...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... than anti-terrorism (AT). The only exception to this requirement would be the return of unwanted... be entered on the invoice and on the bill of lading, air waybill, or other export control document... THE EAR § 732.5 Steps regarding Shipper's Export Declaration or Automated Export System record...

  18. 15 CFR 732.5 - Steps regarding Shipper's Export Declaration or Automated Export System record, Destination...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... than anti-terrorism (AT). The only exception to this requirement would be the return of unwanted... be entered on the invoice and on the bill of lading, air waybill, or other export control document... THE EAR § 732.5 Steps regarding Shipper's Export Declaration or Automated Export System record...

  19. 15 CFR 732.5 - Steps regarding Shipper's Export Declaration or Automated Export System record, Destination...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... than anti-terrorism (AT). The only exception to this requirement would be the return of unwanted... be entered on the invoice and on the bill of lading, air waybill, or other export control document... THE EAR § 732.5 Steps regarding Shipper's Export Declaration or Automated Export System record...

  20. 75 FR 33682 - Export Administration Regulations; Technical Amendments

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-15

    ...-01] RIN 0694-AE93 Export Administration Regulations; Technical Amendments AGENCY: Bureau of Industry... Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) makes a technical amendment to the Export Administration... review of final decisions and orders issued in BIS export control administrative enforcement proceedings...

  1. Global Research in an Age of Export Controls

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Monastersky, Richard

    2008-01-01

    When a jury convicted a Tennessee professor this month of illegally exporting information to foreign countries via his graduate students and a trip to China, it sent a message to colleges that they need to scrupulously monitor their faculty members' research and their compliance with the often confusing universe of export-control regulations. In…

  2. 76 FR 52935 - President's Export Council, Subcommittee on Export Administration; Notice of Open Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-24

    ... with all countries with which the United States has diplomatic or trading relations and of controlling... and Vice Chair. 2. Export Control Reform Update. 3. Presentation of Papers or Comments by the Public. 4. Review of Field Hearing. 5. Status of 2011 Workplan. 6. Discussion of 2012 Workplan. 7...

  3. U.S. government export control reform initiative - what's going on?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cook, J.; Cook, K.

    While there is still more work to be done, taken together, these reforms will focus our resources on the threats that matter most, and help us work more effectively with our allies in the field. They'll bring transparency and coherence to a field of regulation which has long been lacking both. And by enhancing the competitiveness of our manufacturing and technology sectors, they'll help us not just increase exports and create jobs, but strengthen our national security as well.” - President Obama, Department of Commerce Annual Export Controls Update Conference, August 30, 2010. This paper will provide background information and discuss the need for export control reform. It will lay out the schedule for the Export Control Reform Initiative as well as provide an update on the current status of the ECR Initiative, including advances made in Phases I and II. It will provide insight into the proposed changes to the USML and the CCL and will discuss the proposed IT system modernization and the Export Enforcement Coordination Center (E2C2).

  4. mRNA quality control is bypassed for immediate export of stress-responsive transcripts.

    PubMed

    Zander, Gesa; Hackmann, Alexandra; Bender, Lysann; Becker, Daniel; Lingner, Thomas; Salinas, Gabriela; Krebber, Heike

    2016-12-12

    Cells grow well only in a narrow range of physiological conditions. Surviving extreme conditions requires the instantaneous expression of chaperones that help to overcome stressful situations. To ensure the preferential synthesis of these heat-shock proteins, cells inhibit transcription, pre-mRNA processing and nuclear export of non-heat-shock transcripts, while stress-specific mRNAs are exclusively exported and translated. How cells manage the selective retention of regular transcripts and the simultaneous rapid export of heat-shock mRNAs is largely unknown. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the shuttling RNA adaptor proteins Npl3, Gbp2, Hrb1 and Nab2 are loaded co-transcriptionally onto growing pre-mRNAs. For nuclear export, they recruit the export-receptor heterodimer Mex67-Mtr2 (TAP-p15 in humans). Here we show that cellular stress induces the dissociation of Mex67 and its adaptor proteins from regular mRNAs to prevent general mRNA export. At the same time, heat-shock mRNAs are rapidly exported in association with Mex67, without the need for adapters. The immediate co-transcriptional loading of Mex67 onto heat-shock mRNAs involves Hsf1, a heat-shock transcription factor that binds to heat-shock-promoter elements in stress-responsive genes. An important difference between the export modes is that adaptor-protein-bound mRNAs undergo quality control, whereas stress-specific transcripts do not. In fact, regular mRNAs are converted into uncontrolled stress-responsive transcripts if expressed under the control of a heat-shock promoter, suggesting that whether an mRNA undergoes quality control is encrypted therein. Under normal conditions, Mex67 adaptor proteins are recruited for RNA surveillance, with only quality-controlled mRNAs allowed to associate with Mex67 and leave the nucleus. Thus, at the cost of error-free mRNA formation, heat-shock mRNAs are exported and translated without delay, allowing cells to survive extreme situations.

  5. 15 CFR 744.9 - Restrictions on certain exports and reexports of cameras controlled by ECCN 6A003.b.4.b.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... reexports of cameras controlled by ECCN 6A003.b.4.b. 744.9 Section 744.9 Commerce and Foreign Trade... on certain exports and reexports of cameras controlled by ECCN 6A003.b.4.b. (a) General prohibitions... license is required to export or reexport to any destination other than Canada cameras described in ECCN...

  6. 15 CFR 744.9 - Restrictions on certain exports and reexports of cameras controlled by ECCN 6A003.b.4.b.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... reexports of cameras controlled by ECCN 6A003.b.4.b. 744.9 Section 744.9 Commerce and Foreign Trade... on certain exports and reexports of cameras controlled by ECCN 6A003.b.4.b. (a) General prohibitions... license is required to export or reexport to any destination other than Canada cameras described in ECCN...

  7. 15 CFR 744.9 - Restrictions on certain exports and reexports of cameras controlled by ECCN 6A003.b.4.b.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... reexports of cameras controlled by ECCN 6A003.b.4.b. 744.9 Section 744.9 Commerce and Foreign Trade... on certain exports and reexports of cameras controlled by ECCN 6A003.b.4.b. (a) General prohibitions... license is required to export or reexport to any destination other than Canada cameras described in ECCN...

  8. 77 FR 60379 - Order Denying Export Privileges

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-03

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Order Denying Export Privileges In the... Andro Jamison (``Jamison'') was convicted of violating Section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778 (2000)) (``AECA''). Specifically, Jamison was convicted of knowingly and willfully exporting...

  9. 78 FR 60249 - Order Denying Export Privileges

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-01

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Order Denying Export Privileges In the... (``Silcox''), was convicted of violating Section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778 (2006 & Supp. IV 2010)) (``AECA''). Specifically, Silcox was convicted of knowingly and willfully exporting...

  10. 76 FR 23872 - Editorial Corrections to the Export Administration Regulations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-29

    ... No. 100709293-1073-01] RIN 0694-AE96 Editorial Corrections to the Export Administration Regulations... Administration Regulations (EAR). In particular, this rule corrects the country entry for Syria on the Commerce... the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), including several Export Control Classification Number...

  11. 48 CFR 1852.225-70 - Export Licenses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... writing, that the Contracting Officer authorizes it to export ITAR-controlled technical data (including... licenses or other approvals, if required, for exports of hardware, technical data, and software, or for the provision of technical assistance. (b) The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining export licenses, if...

  12. 77 FR 60378 - Order Denying Export Privileges

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-03

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Order Denying Export Privileges In the... 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778 (2000)) (``AECA''). Specifically, Fermanova was convicted of knowingly and willfully attempting to export from the United States to Russia night sighting...

  13. 77 FR 27418 - Order Denying Export Privileges

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-10

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Order Denying Export Privileges In the... violating Section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778 (2000)) (``AECA''). Specifically, Baniameri was convicted of conspiring to export goods and technology to Iran, in violation of IEEPA...

  14. 15 CFR 30.16 - Export Administration Regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Export Administration Regulations. 30... OF THE CENSUS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FOREIGN TRADE REGULATIONS Export Control and Licensing Requirements § 30.16 Export Administration Regulations. The EAR issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce, BIS...

  15. 75 FR 70961 - 30-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Voluntary Disclosures

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-19

    ... message. Fax: 202-395-5806. Attention: Desk Officer for Department of State. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION... collection: The export, temporary import, temporary export and brokering of defense articles, defense... of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA). Those who manufacture or export defense articles, defense...

  16. Hydrology and landscape structure control subalpine catchment carbon export

    Treesearch

    Vincent Jerald Pacific

    2009-01-01

    Carbon export from high elevation ecosystems is a critical component of the global carbon cycle. Ecosystems in northern latitudes have become the focus of much research due to their potential as large sinks of carbon in the atmosphere. However, there exists limited understanding of the controls of carbon export from complex mountain catchments due to strong spatial and...

  17. 3 CFR - Eligibility of the Gulf Cooperation Council To Receive Defense Articles and Defense Services...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Receive Defense Articles and Defense Services Under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Arms Export... Services Under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Arms Export Control Act Memorandum for the...) of the Arms Export Control Act, I hereby find that the furnishing of defense articles and defense...

  18. Rethinking Import and Export Controls for Defense-Related Goods

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-05-01

    restrictions were imposed on the basis of country (Trading with the Enemy Act) or product (Neutrality Act). However, in the post-war environment, a more mixed...described below. • Arms Export Control Act (AECA) of 1976—grants the President the power to control the export of defense products and services. The act...defense-related items and services. The products regulated include weapons systems (e.g., aircraft, tanks, etc.) but also include subsystems or

  19. 19 CFR 12.100 - Importations in good faith; common or contract carriage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Importations in good faith; common or contract... Importations in good faith; common or contract carriage. (a) Exportation in lieu of seizure. Upon a claim that the importer acted in good faith without knowledge of applicable laws and regulations, Customs...

  20. 19 CFR 12.100 - Importations in good faith; common or contract carriage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Importations in good faith; common or contract... Importations in good faith; common or contract carriage. (a) Exportation in lieu of seizure. Upon a claim that the importer acted in good faith without knowledge of applicable laws and regulations, Customs...

  1. 19 CFR 12.100 - Importations in good faith; common or contract carriage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Importations in good faith; common or contract... Importations in good faith; common or contract carriage. (a) Exportation in lieu of seizure. Upon a claim that the importer acted in good faith without knowledge of applicable laws and regulations, Customs...

  2. U.S. Trade Policy: A Selective Bibliography. Bibliography Series Twenty.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Niu, Sarah, Comp.

    1988-01-01

    In February 1987, President Ronald Reagan proposed legislation to improve U.S. international trade in order to decrease the trade deficits. This legislative proposal would: (1) renew authority for negotiating agreements to remove trade barriers; (2) reduce self-imposed export barriers; (3) improve existing U.S. trade remedy laws; (4) overhaul…

  3. The Poisoning of America: How Deadly Chemicals Are Destroying Our Country.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Regenstein, Lewis

    1983-01-01

    The Reagan Administration has crippled laws and agencies set up to cope with the toxic chemical crisis. Cancer and other dangers from dioxin-contaminated herbicides, dioxin waste disposal, pesticide exports, and cancer-causing consumer products are discussed. We are sowing seeds for future epidemics of cancer, deformed children, and Love Canals.…

  4. 50 CFR 14.53 - Detention and refusal of clearance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... origin of the wildlife has not been established (in such cases, the burden is upon the owner, importer, exporter, consignor, or consignee to establish such identity by scientific name to the species level or, if any subspecies is protected by the laws of this country or the country of origin to the subspecies...

  5. 50 CFR 14.53 - Detention and refusal of clearance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... origin of the wildlife has not been established (in such cases, the burden is upon the owner, importer, exporter, consignor, or consignee to establish such identity by scientific name to the species level or, if any subspecies is protected by the laws of this country or the country of origin to the subspecies...

  6. 50 CFR 14.53 - Detention and refusal of clearance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... origin of the wildlife has not been established (in such cases, the burden is upon the owner, importer, exporter, consignor, or consignee to establish such identity by scientific name to the species level or, if any subspecies is protected by the laws of this country or the country of origin to the subspecies...

  7. 50 CFR 14.53 - Detention and refusal of clearance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... origin of the wildlife has not been established (in such cases, the burden is upon the owner, importer, exporter, consignor, or consignee to establish such identity by scientific name to the species level or, if any subspecies is protected by the laws of this country or the country of origin to the subspecies...

  8. Small Business Export Enhancement and International Trade Act of 2009

    THOMAS, 111th Congress

    Sen. Snowe, Olympia J. [R-ME

    2009-12-09

    Senate - 09/29/2010 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 633. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.5297, which became Public Law 111-240 on 9/27/2010. Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  9. 19 CFR 12.100 - Importations in good faith; common or contract carriage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Importations in good faith; common or contract... Importations in good faith; common or contract carriage. (a) Exportation in lieu of seizure. Upon a claim that the importer acted in good faith without knowledge of applicable laws and regulations, Customs...

  10. 19 CFR 12.100 - Importations in good faith; common or contract carriage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Importations in good faith; common or contract... Importations in good faith; common or contract carriage. (a) Exportation in lieu of seizure. Upon a claim that the importer acted in good faith without knowledge of applicable laws and regulations, Customs...

  11. 77 FR 34340 - Order Denying Export Privileges

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-11

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Order Denying Export Privileges In the... Nanyang Plaza, No. 57 Hung To Road, Kwum Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Related Persons. A. Denial of Export... Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq. (2000)) (``IEEPA'') and Section 38 of the Arms Export Control...

  12. 78 FR 60248 - Order Denying Export Privileges

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-01

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Order Denying Export Privileges In the... commit an offense against the United States, that is, to willfully export from the United States to Belarus export-controlled items, including but not limited to L-3 x200xp Handheld Thermal Imaging Cameras...

  13. 77 FR 34342 - Order Denying Export Privileges

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-11

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Order Denying Export Privileges In the... Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq. (2000)) (``IEEPA'') and violating Section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778 (2000)) (``AECA''). Specifically, Wu was convicted of illegally exporting...

  14. 15 CFR 30.3 - Electronic Export Information filer requirements, parties to export transactions, and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    .../units of measure. (ix) Value. (x) Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) or sufficient technical information to determine the ECCN. (xi) All licensing information necessary to file the EEI for commodities... export. (xi) Foreign port of unloading. (xii) Shipping weight. (xiii) ECCN. (xiv) License or license...

  15. 15 CFR 30.3 - Electronic Export Information filer requirements, parties to export transactions, and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    .../units of measure. (ix) Value. (x) Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) or sufficient technical information to determine the ECCN. (xi) All licensing information necessary to file the EEI for commodities... export. (xi) Foreign port of unloading. (xii) Shipping weight. (xiii) ECCN. (xiv) License or license...

  16. 15 CFR 30.3 - Electronic Export Information filer requirements, parties to export transactions, and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    .../units of measure. (ix) Value. (x) Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) or sufficient technical information to determine the ECCN. (xi) All licensing information necessary to file the EEI for commodities... export. (xi) Foreign port of unloading. (xii) Shipping weight. (xiii) ECCN. (xiv) License or license...

  17. 15 CFR 30.3 - Electronic Export Information filer requirements, parties to export transactions, and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    .../units of measure. (ix) Value. (x) Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) or sufficient technical information to determine the ECCN. (xi) All licensing information necessary to file the EEI for commodities... export. (xi) Foreign port of unloading. (xii) Shipping weight. (xiii) ECCN. (xiv) License or license...

  18. 15 CFR 30.3 - Electronic Export Information filer requirements, parties to export transactions, and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    .../units of measure. (ix) Value. (x) Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) or sufficient technical information to determine the ECCN. (xi) All licensing information necessary to file the EEI for commodities... export. (xi) Foreign port of unloading. (xii) Shipping weight. (xiii) ECCN. (xiv) License or license...

  19. 15 CFR 754.5 - Horses for export by sea.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Horses for export by sea. 754.5... CONTROLS § 754.5 Horses for export by sea. (a) License requirement. As indicated by the letters “SS” in the... No. 1 to part 774 of the EAR) a license is required for the export of horses exported by sea to all...

  20. 15 CFR 754.5 - Horses for export by sea.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Horses for export by sea. 754.5... CONTROLS § 754.5 Horses for export by sea. (a) License requirement. As indicated by the letters “SS” in the... No. 1 to part 774 of the EAR) a license is required for the export of horses exported by sea to all...

  1. 15 CFR 754.5 - Horses for export by sea.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Horses for export by sea. 754.5... CONTROLS § 754.5 Horses for export by sea. (a) License requirement. As indicated by the letters “SS” in the... No. 1 to part 774 of the EAR) a license is required for the export of horses exported by sea to all...

  2. 15 CFR 754.5 - Horses for export by sea.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Horses for export by sea. 754.5... CONTROLS § 754.5 Horses for export by sea. (a) License requirement. As indicated by the letters “SS” in the... No. 1 to part 774 of the EAR) a license is required for the export of horses exported by sea to all...

  3. 15 CFR 754.5 - Horses for export by sea.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Horses for export by sea. 754.5... CONTROLS § 754.5 Horses for export by sea. (a) License requirement. As indicated by the letters “SS” in the... No. 1 to part 774 of the EAR) a license is required for the export of horses exported by sea to all...

  4. 15 CFR 730.6 - Control purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    .... Multilateral export control cooperation is sought through arrangements such as the Nuclear Suppliers Group, the Australia Group, and the Missile Technology Control Regime. The EAR also include some export controls to... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Control purposes. 730.6 Section 730.6...

  5. 76 FR 76072 - Revisions to the Export Administration Regulations (EAR): Control of Gas Turbine Engines and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-06

    ... WAML numbering approach, BIS believes that it would be more efficient to list all 600 series controls... ``specially designed'' for articles in the relevant 600 series ECCN and corresponding USML category. ECCN... export of a 600 series item is eligible for License Exception STA if, at the time of export, reexport or...

  6. 3 CFR - Eligibility of the Maldives to Receive Defense Articles and Defense Services Under the Foreign...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Articles and Defense Services Under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as Amended, and the Arms Export... Services Under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as Amended, and the Arms Export Control Act, as Amended... section 3(a)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as amended, I hereby find that the furnishing of defense...

  7. 31 CFR 592.304 - Exporting authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ROUGH DIAMONDS CONTROL REGULATIONS General Definitions... a Participant from whose territory a shipment of rough diamonds is being exported as having the...

  8. 31 CFR 592.304 - Exporting authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ROUGH DIAMONDS CONTROL REGULATIONS General Definitions... a Participant from whose territory a shipment of rough diamonds is being exported as having the...

  9. 31 CFR 592.304 - Exporting authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ROUGH DIAMONDS CONTROL REGULATIONS General Definitions... a Participant from whose territory a shipment of rough diamonds is being exported as having the...

  10. 31 CFR 592.304 - Exporting authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ROUGH DIAMONDS CONTROL REGULATIONS General Definitions... a Participant from whose territory a shipment of rough diamonds is being exported as having the...

  11. Characterizing the Effects of Stormwater Mitigation on Nutrient Export and Stream Concentrations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bell, Colin D.; McMillan, Sara K.; Clinton, Sandra M.; Jefferson, Anne J.

    2017-04-01

    Urbanization increases nutrient loading and lowers residence times for processing of reactive solutes, including nitrate, total dissolved nitrogen, orthophosphate, and dissolved organic carbon), which leads to increased stream concentrations and mass export. Stormwater control measures mitigate the impacts of urbanization, and have the potential to improve stream water quality, however the net effect instream is not well understood. We monitored two urban and two suburban watersheds in Charlotte, NC to determine if mitigation controlled the fraction of total mass export during storm, if development classification as either urban or suburban (defined by the age, density and distribution of urban development) controlled storm nutrient and carbon dynamics, and if stormwater control measures were able to change stream water chemistry. While average concentrations during stormflow were generally greater than baseflow, indicating that storms are important times of solute export, the fraction of storm-derived export was unrelated to mitigation by stormwater control measures. Development classification was generally not an important control on export of N and dissolved organic carbon. However, event mean concentrations of orthophosphate were higher at the suburban sites, possibly from greater fertilizer application. Stormwater control measures influenced instream water chemistry at only one site, which also had the greatest mitigated area, but differences between stormwater control measure outflow and stream water suggest the potential for water quality improvements. Together, results suggest stormwater control measures have the potential to decrease solute concentrations from urban runoff, but the type, location, and extent of urban development in the watershed may influence the magnitude of this effect.

  12. 78 FR 35195 - Acquisition Regulations: Export Control

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-12

    ... Control AGENCY: Department of Energy. ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. SUMMARY: The Department of... control requirements applicable to the performance of DOE contracts. DATES: Written comments on this... comments, identified by ``DEAR: Export Control and RIN 1991-AB99,'' by any of the following methods...

  13. 77 FR 37346 - Export Control Reform Transition Plan

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-21

    ... review the appropriate Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) to determine the classification of their item. Licensees who are unsure of the proper ECCN designation may request a Commodity...

  14. 40 CFR 205.5-3 - Export exemptions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Export exemptions. 205.5-3 Section 205... TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT NOISE EMISSION CONTROLS General Provisions § 205.5-3 Export exemptions. (a) A new product intended solely for export, and so labeled or marked on the outside of the container and on the...

  15. 19 CFR 192.11 - Description of the AES.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Description of the AES. 192.11 Section 192.11... TREASURY (CONTINUED) EXPORT CONTROL Filing of Export Information Through the Automated Export System (AES) § 192.11 Description of the AES. AES is a voluntary program that allows all exporters required to report...

  16. 19 CFR 192.11 - Description of the AES.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Description of the AES. 192.11 Section 192.11... TREASURY (CONTINUED) EXPORT CONTROL Filing of Export Information Through the Automated Export System (AES) § 192.11 Description of the AES. AES is a voluntary program that allows all exporters required to report...

  17. 19 CFR 192.11 - Description of the AES.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Description of the AES. 192.11 Section 192.11... TREASURY (CONTINUED) EXPORT CONTROL Filing of Export Information Through the Automated Export System (AES) § 192.11 Description of the AES. AES is a voluntary program that allows all exporters required to report...

  18. 19 CFR 192.11 - Description of the AES.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Description of the AES. 192.11 Section 192.11... TREASURY (CONTINUED) EXPORT CONTROL Filing of Export Information Through the Automated Export System (AES) § 192.11 Description of the AES. AES is a voluntary program that allows all exporters required to report...

  19. 19 CFR 18.45 - Supervision of exportation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Supervision of exportation. 18.45 Section 18.45 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE... Control Exported Under Cover of A Tir Carnet § 18.45 Supervision of exportation. The provisions of §§ 18...

  20. 19 CFR 18.45 - Supervision of exportation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Supervision of exportation. 18.45 Section 18.45 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE... Control Exported Under Cover of A Tir Carnet § 18.45 Supervision of exportation. The provisions of §§ 18...

  1. 19 CFR 18.45 - Supervision of exportation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Supervision of exportation. 18.45 Section 18.45 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE... Control Exported Under Cover of A Tir Carnet § 18.45 Supervision of exportation. The provisions of §§ 18...

  2. 19 CFR 18.45 - Supervision of exportation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Supervision of exportation. 18.45 Section 18.45 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE... Control Exported Under Cover of A Tir Carnet § 18.45 Supervision of exportation. The provisions of §§ 18...

  3. 19 CFR 18.45 - Supervision of exportation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Supervision of exportation. 18.45 Section 18.45 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE... Control Exported Under Cover of A Tir Carnet § 18.45 Supervision of exportation. The provisions of §§ 18...

  4. Relevance of Global Health Security to the US Export Economy.

    PubMed

    Cassell, Cynthia H; Bambery, Zoe; Roy, Kakoli; Meltzer, Martin I; Ahmed, Zara; Payne, Rebecca L; Bunnell, Rebecca E

    To reduce the health security risk and impact of outbreaks around the world, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and its partners are building capabilities to prevent, detect, and contain outbreaks in 49 global health security priority countries. We examine the extent of economic vulnerability to the US export economy posed by trade disruptions in these 49 countries. Using 2015 US Department of Commerce data, we assessed the value of US exports and the number of US jobs supported by those exports. US exports to the 49 countries exceeded $308 billion and supported more than 1.6 million jobs across all US states in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, oil and gas, services, and other sectors. These exports represented 13.7% of all US export revenue worldwide and 14.3% of all US jobs supported by all US exports. The economic linkages between the United States and these global health security priority countries illustrate the importance of ensuring that countries have the public health capacities needed to control outbreaks at their source before they become pandemics.

  5. Relevance of Global Health Security to the US Export Economy

    PubMed Central

    Cassell, Cynthia H.; Bambery, Zoe; Roy, Kakoli; Meltzer, Martin I.; Ahmed, Zara; Payne, Rebecca L.

    2017-01-01

    To reduce the health security risk and impact of outbreaks around the world, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and its partners are building capabilities to prevent, detect, and contain outbreaks in 49 global health security priority countries. We examine the extent of economic vulnerability to the US export economy posed by trade disruptions in these 49 countries. Using 2015 US Department of Commerce data, we assessed the value of US exports and the number of US jobs supported by those exports. US exports to the 49 countries exceeded $308 billion and supported more than 1.6 million jobs across all US states in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, oil and gas, services, and other sectors. These exports represented 13.7% of all US export revenue worldwide and 14.3% of all US jobs supported by all US exports. The economic linkages between the United States and these global health security priority countries illustrate the importance of ensuring that countries have the public health capacities needed to control outbreaks at their source before they become pandemics. PMID:29199867

  6. Temporal trends and spatial patterns in nutrient export along the Mississippi River and its Tributaries

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stewart, B.; Li, L.

    2017-12-01

    The Mississippi River, the largest river in the U. S., exports excessive nutrients from the land to the sea, causing the problem of hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. In this research, we examined nutrient export along the Mississippi River and its tributaries to understand its trends and patterns and to identify the major factors contributing to these trends. We examined nutrient data from 1950 - 2017 for four sites along the Mississippi River and four tributary sites from the U. S. Geological Survey. The species included: total nitrogen, organic nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate, orthophosphate, and phosphorous. We analyzed the power law relationship of concentration and discharge, for which the export of nutrient species exhibited several trends. Both nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) species exhibited mostly chemodynamic behavior. This is in contrast to previous observations in smaller agricultural land where N and P export was mostly chemostatic with no significant change in concentration as discharge varies, suggesting possible scaling effects at different spatial scales. We also compared the average annual concentration over time at each site. The N concentration decreased from upstream to downstream, likely due to greater agricultural activities in the upstream Mississippi river and possible denitrification along the river. The N concentration also increased with time. The P species, however, fluctuated from site to site with no clear spatial patterns, but consistently exhibited higher concentrations at upstream sites with greater agricultural activities. The P species also fluctuated over time, likely due to patterns in discharge and agricultural activities. The results of this research can be further explored by calculating the total export of nutrients into the Gulf of Mexico to determine limits and drivers of nutrient export for better water management, thus helping prevent hypoxia and eutrophication within the Mississippi River basin.

  7. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hagen, Gary D.

    Export Control Reform has been in motion for six years. In 2014, the ITAR regulations surrendered export control of nuclear weapons technology to the control of DOE. Yet no Federal Register notice by DOE detailed where those new regulations could be found. This article explains the disposition that occurred.

  8. 78 FR 22659 - Revisions to the Export Administration Regulations: Initial Implementation of Export Control Reform

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-16

    ... Designed'' Definition B. Other Definitions XXIV. Part 774--The Commerce Control List A. Product Group... Changes H. Country Groups XII. Part 742--Control Policy A. National Security (NS) Review Policy B...-all controls on parts, components, accessories, and attachments specifically designed or modified for...

  9. 76 FR 10004 - President's Export Council; Subcommittee on Export Administration; Notice of Open Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-23

    ... Security. 2. Opening remarks by the Chairman. 3. Presentation of papers or comments by the public. 4. Export Control Reform Update. 5. Administrative issues. The open session will be accessible via...

  10. 31 CFR 538.510 - Importation and exportation of certain gifts authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SUDANESE SANCTIONS... as gifts between individuals; and the goods are not controlled for chemical and biological weapons... Control List, 15 CFR part 774 of the Export Administration Regulations). ...

  11. 77 FR 71575 - Initiation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Administrative Reviews and Request for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-03

    ... No Sales If a producer or exporter named in this notice of initiation had no exports, sales, or... from government control of its export activities to be entitled to a separate rate, the Department analyzes each entity exporting the subject merchandise under a test arising from the Final Determination of...

  12. 31 CFR 545.519 - Payments and transfers authorized for goods and services exported to the territory of Afghanistan...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... for the benefit of a person with respect to goods, software, technology, or services exported prior to... authorize the exportation of goods, software, technology, or services after the effective date pursuant to a... goods and services exported to the territory of Afghanistan controlled by the Taliban prior to the...

  13. 15 CFR 758.1 - The Shipper's Export Declaration (SED) or Automated Export System (AES) record.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... entered on the loading document (e.g., Cargo Declaration, manifest, bill of lading, (master) air waybill... for all items being exported under the NLR provisions that have a reason for control other than anti-terrorism (AT). The designator “TSPA” may be used, but is not required, when the export consists of...

  14. 15 CFR 758.1 - The Shipper's Export Declaration (SED) or Automated Export System (AES) record.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... entered on the loading document (e.g., Cargo Declaration, manifest, bill of lading, (master) air waybill... for all items being exported under the NLR provisions that have a reason for control other than anti-terrorism (AT). The designator “TSPA” may be used, but is not required, when the export consists of...

  15. 31 CFR 594.305 - Information or informational materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL TERRORISM SANCTIONS..., controlled for export pursuant to section 5 of the Export Administration Act of 1979, 50 U.S.C. App. 2401...

  16. 31 CFR 560.506 - Importation and exportation of certain gifts authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY IRANIAN TRANSACTIONS AND... controlled for chemical and biological weapons (CB), missile technology (MT), national security (NS), or nuclear proliferation (NP). See Commerce Control List, Export Administration Regulations (15 CFR part 774). ...

  17. 31 CFR 560.506 - Importation and exportation of certain gifts authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY IRANIAN TRANSACTIONS AND... controlled for chemical and biological weapons (CB), missile technology (MT), national security (NS), or nuclear proliferation (NP). See Commerce Control List, Export Administration Regulations (15 CFR part 774). ...

  18. 31 CFR 560.506 - Importation and exportation of certain gifts authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY IRANIAN... controlled for chemical and biological weapons (CB), missile technology (MT), national security (NS), or nuclear proliferation (NP). See Commerce Control List, Export Administration Regulations (15 CFR part 774...

  19. 31 CFR 538.510 - Importation and exportation of certain gifts authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SUDANESE... normally given as gifts between individuals; and the goods are not controlled for chemical and biological... Control List, 15 CFR part 774 of the Export Administration Regulations). ...

  20. 76 FR 30647 - President's Export Council; Subcommittee on Export Administration; Notice of Open Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-26

    ... foreign policy reasons. Agenda 1. Opening remarks by the Chairman. 2. Opening remarks by the Bureau of.... Export Control Reform Update. The open session will be accessible via teleconference to 20 participants...

  1. 78 FR 70916 - President's Export Council Subcommittee on Export Administration; Notice of Open Meeting...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-27

    ... security and foreign policy reasons. Agenda: 1. Opening remarks by the Chairman. 2. Opening remarks by the Bureau of Industry and Security. 3. Export Control Reform Update. 4. Presentation of papers or comments...

  2. Interagency Review of Prior Inspector General Recommendations Related to U.S. Export Controls. Volume I

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-09-01

    applications that require referral to the Office of Export Enforcement ( OEE ), and sends them simultaneously to OEE and licensing officers in Export...Enforcement ( OEE ) and the Office of Enforcement Analysis (OEA). We also spoke with staff from OEE ’ s Boston field office regarding closed...OExS staff should refer them to the Office of Export Enforcement ( OEE ). However, in the two cases of noncompliance, both exporters had shipped

  3. 76 FR 43662 - 36(b)(1) Arms Sales Notification

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-21

    ... and control systems with modern technology. The new guidance and control system uses a mixture of... Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as amended (i... million TOTAL $86 million * as defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act. (iii) Description...

  4. Size-dependent standard deviation for growth rates: Empirical results and theoretical modeling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Podobnik, Boris; Horvatic, Davor; Pammolli, Fabio; Wang, Fengzhong; Stanley, H. Eugene; Grosse, I.

    2008-05-01

    We study annual logarithmic growth rates R of various economic variables such as exports, imports, and foreign debt. For each of these variables we find that the distributions of R can be approximated by double exponential (Laplace) distributions in the central parts and power-law distributions in the tails. For each of these variables we further find a power-law dependence of the standard deviation σ(R) on the average size of the economic variable with a scaling exponent surprisingly close to that found for the gross domestic product (GDP) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3275 (1998)]. By analyzing annual logarithmic growth rates R of wages of 161 different occupations, we find a power-law dependence of the standard deviation σ(R) on the average value of the wages with a scaling exponent β≈0.14 close to those found for the growth of exports, imports, debt, and the growth of the GDP. In contrast to these findings, we observe for payroll data collected from 50 states of the USA that the standard deviation σ(R) of the annual logarithmic growth rate R increases monotonically with the average value of payroll. However, also in this case we observe a power-law dependence of σ(R) on the average payroll with a scaling exponent β≈-0.08 . Based on these observations we propose a stochastic process for multiple cross-correlated variables where for each variable (i) the distribution of logarithmic growth rates decays exponentially in the central part, (ii) the distribution of the logarithmic growth rate decays algebraically in the far tails, and (iii) the standard deviation of the logarithmic growth rate depends algebraically on the average size of the stochastic variable.

  5. Size-dependent standard deviation for growth rates: empirical results and theoretical modeling.

    PubMed

    Podobnik, Boris; Horvatic, Davor; Pammolli, Fabio; Wang, Fengzhong; Stanley, H Eugene; Grosse, I

    2008-05-01

    We study annual logarithmic growth rates R of various economic variables such as exports, imports, and foreign debt. For each of these variables we find that the distributions of R can be approximated by double exponential (Laplace) distributions in the central parts and power-law distributions in the tails. For each of these variables we further find a power-law dependence of the standard deviation sigma(R) on the average size of the economic variable with a scaling exponent surprisingly close to that found for the gross domestic product (GDP) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3275 (1998)]. By analyzing annual logarithmic growth rates R of wages of 161 different occupations, we find a power-law dependence of the standard deviation sigma(R) on the average value of the wages with a scaling exponent beta approximately 0.14 close to those found for the growth of exports, imports, debt, and the growth of the GDP. In contrast to these findings, we observe for payroll data collected from 50 states of the USA that the standard deviation sigma(R) of the annual logarithmic growth rate R increases monotonically with the average value of payroll. However, also in this case we observe a power-law dependence of sigma(R) on the average payroll with a scaling exponent beta approximately -0.08 . Based on these observations we propose a stochastic process for multiple cross-correlated variables where for each variable (i) the distribution of logarithmic growth rates decays exponentially in the central part, (ii) the distribution of the logarithmic growth rate decays algebraically in the far tails, and (iii) the standard deviation of the logarithmic growth rate depends algebraically on the average size of the stochastic variable.

  6. 19 CFR 162.61 - Importing and exporting controlled substances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Importing and exporting controlled substances. 162.61 Section 162.61 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INSPECTION, SEARCH, AND SEIZURE Controlled Substances, Narcotics, and...

  7. 77 FR 30500 - President's Export Council; Subcommittee on Export Administration; Notice of Open Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-23

    ... security and foreign policy reasons. Agenda 1. Opening remarks by the Chairman and Vice Chairman. 2. Export Control Reform Update. 3. Presentation of Papers or Comments by the Public. 4. Working Group Updates. 5...

  8. 78 FR 54450 - President's Export Council Subcommittee on Export Administration; Notice of Open Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-04

    ... foreign policy reasons. Agenda: 1. Opening remarks by the Chairman. 2. Opening remarks by the Bureau of Industry and Security. 3. Export Control Reform Update. 4. Presentation of papers or comments by the Public...

  9. 77 FR 50463 - President's Export Council Subcommittee on Export Administration; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-21

    ... security and foreign policy reasons. Agenda Open Session 1. Opening remarks by the Chairman and Vice Chairman. 2. Export Control Reform Update. 3. Presentation of Papers or Comments by the Public. 4. Working...

  10. 75 FR 78676 - De Facto Criteria for Establishing a Separate Rate in Antidumping Proceedings Involving Non...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-16

    ...In antidumping proceedings involving non-market economy (``NME'') countries,\\1\\ the Department of Commerce (``the Department'') has a rebuttable presumption that the export activities of all companies within the country are subject to government control and, thus, should be assessed a single antidumping duty rate (i.e., the NME- Entity rate). It is the Department's policy to assign to all exporters of merchandise subject to investigation in an NME country this single rate unless an exporter can demonstrate that it is sufficiently independent so as to be entitled to a ``separate rate'' (i.e., a dumping margin separate from the margin assigned to the NME-Entity). Exporters can demonstrate this independence through the absence of both de jure and de facto governmental control over their export activities. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  11. 14 CFR 1274.942 - Export licenses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... writing, that the Agreement Officer authorize it to export ITAR-controlled technical data (including... appropriate licenses or other approvals, if required, for exports of hardware, technical data, and software, or for the provision of technical assistance. (b) The Recipient shall be responsible for obtaining...

  12. Reforming The U.S. Security Assistance Export Process To Build Existing Capabilities

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-12-01

    NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA JOINT APPLIED PROJECT REFORMING THE U.S. SECURITY ASSISTANCE EXPORT PROCESS TO...December 2015 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Joint applied project 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE REFORMING THE U.S. SECURITY ASSISTANCE EXPORT PROCESS TO...the programs. While acknowledging the expanding role of the programs, the findings indicate a need for reforms in the export -control mechanisms

  13. 15 CFR 745.1 - Advance notification and annual report of all exports of Schedule 1 chemicals to other States...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... plan to export any quantity of a Schedule 1 chemical controlled under the EAR and licensed by the... chemicals subject to the EAR or from the Department of State for the export of Schedule 1 chemicals subject... State Party. This is in addition to the requirement to obtain an export license under the EAR for...

  14. 15 CFR 745.1 - Advance notification and annual report of all exports of Schedule 1 chemicals to other States...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... plan to export any quantity of a Schedule 1 chemical controlled under the EAR and licensed by the... chemicals subject to the EAR or from the Department of State for the export of Schedule 1 chemicals subject... State Party. This is in addition to the requirement to obtain an export license under the EAR for...

  15. 15 CFR 745.1 - Advance notification and annual report of all exports of Schedule 1 chemicals to other States...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... plan to export any quantity of a Schedule 1 chemical controlled under the EAR and licensed by the... chemicals subject to the EAR or from the Department of State for the export of Schedule 1 chemicals subject... State Party. This is in addition to the requirement to obtain an export license under the EAR for...

  16. Precipitation control over inorganic nitrogen import-export budgets across watersheds: a synthesis of long-term ecological research

    Treesearch

    E.S. Kane; E.F. Betts; A.J. Burgin; H.M. Cliverd; C.L. Crenshaw; J.B. Fellman; I.H. Myers-Smith; J.A. O' Donnell; D.J. Sobota; W.J. Van Verseveld; J.B. Jones

    2008-01-01

    We investigated long-term and seasonal patterns of N imports and exports, as well as patterns following climate perturbations, across biomes using data from 15 watersheds from nine Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites in North America. Mean dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) import-export budgets (N import via precipitation-N export via stream flow) for common...

  17. The adequacy of current import and export controls on sealed radioactive sources.

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Longley, Susan W.; Cochran, John Russell; Price, Laura L.

    2003-10-01

    Millions of sealed radioactive sources (SRSs) are being used for a wide variety of beneficial purposes throughout the world. Security experts are now concerned that these beneficial SRSs could be used in a radiological dispersion device to terrorize and disrupt society. The greatest safety and security threat is from those highly radioactive Category 1 and 2 SRSs. Without adequate controls, it may be relatively easy to legally purchase a Category 1 or 2 SRS on the international market under false pretenses. Additionally, during transfer, SRSs are particularly susceptible to theft since the sources are in a shielded and mobile configuration,more » transportation routes are predictable, and shipments may not be adequately guarded. To determine if government controls on SRS are adequate, this study was commissioned to review the current SRS import and export controls of six countries. Canada, the Russian Federation, and South Africa were selected as the exporting countries, and Egypt, the Philippines, and the United States were selected as importing countries. A detailed review of the controls in each country is presented. The authors found that Canada and Russia are major exporters, and are exporting highly radioactive SRSs without first determining if the recipient is authorized by the receiving country to own and use the SRSs. Available evidence was used to estimate that on average there are tens to possibly hundreds of intercountry transfers of highly radioactive SRSs each day. Based on these and other findings, this reports recommends stronger controls on the export and import of highly radioactive SRSs.« less

  18. 77 FR 25932 - Revisions to the Export Administration Regulations (EAR): Control of Energetic Materials and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-02

    ... the fact that they apply to the same group of destinations as missile technology controls (i.e., both... Requirements section of ECCN 1E101, consistent with the ``technology'' controls of the Nuclear Suppliers Group.... 120105018-2011-01] RIN 0694-AF53 Revisions to the Export Administration Regulations (EAR): Control of...

  19. 19 CFR 101.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    .... Date of exportation. “Date of exportation” or “time of exportation” shall be as defined in § 152.1(c... subpart C of part 144 of this chapter. Port and port of entry. The terms “port” and “port of entry” refer... Treasury, have their own Customs laws (48 U.S.C. 1406(i)). These ports, therefore, are outside the Customs...

  20. 19 CFR 101.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    .... Date of exportation. “Date of exportation” or “time of exportation” shall be as defined in § 152.1(c... subpart C of part 144 of this chapter. Port and port of entry. The terms “port” and “port of entry” refer... Treasury, have their own Customs laws (48 U.S.C. 1406(i)). These ports, therefore, are outside the Customs...

  1. 19 CFR 101.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    .... Date of exportation. “Date of exportation” or “time of exportation” shall be as defined in § 152.1(c... subpart C of part 144 of this chapter. Port and port of entry. The terms “port” and “port of entry” refer... Treasury, have their own Customs laws (48 U.S.C. 1406(i)). These ports, therefore, are outside the Customs...

  2. 19 CFR 101.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    .... Date of exportation. “Date of exportation” or “time of exportation” shall be as defined in § 152.1(c... subpart C of part 144 of this chapter. Port and port of entry. The terms “port” and “port of entry” refer... Treasury, have their own Customs laws (48 U.S.C. 1406(i)). These ports, therefore, are outside the Customs...

  3. Export Controls: Controls Over the Export Licensing Process for Chemical and Biological Items

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-03-30

    Akabane virus Bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent Camel pox virus Central European tick-borne encephalitis Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1...Herpes B virus) Coccidioides immitis Coccidioides posadasii Cowdria ruminantium (Heartwater) Far Eastern tick-borne encephalitis Liberobacter

  4. Searching for nuclear export elements in hepatitis D virus RNA.

    PubMed

    Freitas, Natália; Cunha, Celso

    2013-08-12

    To search for the presence of cis elements in hepatitis D virus (HDV) genomic and antigenomic RNA capable of promoting nuclear export. We made use of a well characterized chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase reporter system based on plasmid pDM138. Twenty cDNA fragments corresponding to different HDV genomic and antigenomic RNA sequences were inserted in plasmid pDM138, and used in transfection experiments in Huh7 cells. The relative amounts of HDV RNA in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were then determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Northern blotting. The secondary structure of the RNA sequences that displayed nuclear export ability was further predicted using a web interface. Finally, the sensitivity to leptomycin B was assessed in order to investigate possible cellular pathways involved in HDV RNA nuclear export. Analysis of genomic RNA sequences did not allow identifying an unequivocal nuclear export element. However, two regions were found to promote the export of reporter mRNAs with efficiency higher than the negative controls albeit lower than the positive control. These regions correspond to nucleotides 266-489 and 584-920, respectively. In addition, when analyzing antigenomic RNA sequences a nuclear export element was found in positions 214-417. Export mediated by the nuclear export element of HDV antigenomic RNA is sensitive to leptomycin B suggesting a possible role of CRM1 in this transport pathway. A cis-acting nuclear export element is present in nucleotides 214-417 of HDV antigenomic RNA.

  5. 31 CFR 538.507 - Reexports by non-U.S. persons.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SUDANESE SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Licenses... technology subject to export license application requirements under other United States regulations. The... the United States, the exportation of which to Sudan is subject to export or reexport license...

  6. How can we reduce phosphorus export from lowland polders? Implications from a sensitivity analysis of a coupled model.

    PubMed

    Huang, Jiacong; Gao, Junfeng; Yan, Renhua

    2016-08-15

    Phosphorus (P) export from lowland polders has caused severe water pollution. Numerical models are an important resource that help water managers control P export. This study coupled three models, i.e., Phosphorus Dynamic model for Polders (PDP), Integrated Catchments model of Phosphorus dynamics (INCA-P) and Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), to describe the P dynamics in polders. Based on the coupled models and a dataset collected from Polder Jian in China, sensitivity analysis were carried out to analyze the cause-effect relationships between environmental factors and P export from Polder Jian. The sensitivity analysis results showed that P export from Polder Jian were strongly affected by air temperature, precipitation and fertilization. Proper fertilization management should be a strategic priority for reducing P export from Polder Jian. This study demonstrated the success of model coupling, and its application in investigating potential strategies to support pollution control in polder systems. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  7. The production and exportation of artemisinin-derived drugs in China: current status and existing challenges.

    PubMed

    Huang, Yangmu; Li, Hui; Peng, Danlu; Wang, Yu; Ren, Qiaomeng; Guo, Yan

    2016-07-15

    As the discoverer and a major manufacturer of artemisinin, China has made valuable contributions to malaria control and the global market of artemisinin-derived drugs. This study aims to explore the production and export status of artemisinin-derived drugs in China during 2011 and 2014 to provide a clear understanding of China's participation in this field and also to provide guidance for its future role on global malaria control. Production and exportation data were obtained from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) database of the People's Republic China and monthly reports of the General Administration of Customs of China, respectively. The production volume, export volume, export value, and export area of artemisinin and its derivatives (artemether, artesunate, dihydroartemisinin), including both active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and finished pharmaceutical products (FPPs), were descripted and analysed by Microsoft Excel. Between 2011 and 2013, the total production volume of artemisinin-derived APIs and FPPs reached 543.41 metric tons (MT) and 14.79 MT, respectively. The total export value and volume of artemisinin-derived APIs during 2012 and 2014 was US$ 211.39 million and 338.53 MT; the total export value and volume of FPPs was US$ 227.17 million and 4401.44 MT. Compared with the sharply decreasing trend of API exports each year, the export value of FPPs kept at a more stable level, with 14.66 % increase in 2013 and 5.31 % decrease in 2014. As for exportation areas, India was the largest purchaser of APIs, accounting for nearly a half of the total amount, while FPPs mainly exported to African countries. Exports of artemisinin derivatives for China have been transforming from API-dominated to FPP-dominated. However, the exportation of artemisinin-derived drugs in China still face the challenges of small market share in the global FPP market and indirect sale of FPPs through a third country due to the deficiency in obtaining relevant certification into global market.

  8. Function of the conserved FHIPEP domain of the flagellar type III export apparatus, protein FlhA.

    PubMed

    Barker, Clive S; Inoue, Tomoharu; Meshcheryakova, Irina V; Kitanobo, Seiya; Samatey, Fadel A

    2016-04-01

    The Type III flagellar protein export apparatus of bacteria consists of five or six membrane proteins, notably FlhA, which controls the export of other proteins and is homologous to the large family of FHIPEP export proteins. FHIPEP proteins contain a highly-conserved cytoplasmic domain. We mutagenized the cloned Salmonella flhA gene for the 692 amino acid FlhA, changing a single, conserved amino acid in the 68-amino acid FHIPEP region. Fifty-two mutations at 30 positions mostly led to loss of motility and total disappearance of microscopically visible flagella, also Western blot protein/protein hybridization showed no detectable export of hook protein and flagellin. There were two exceptions: a D199A mutant strain, which produced short-stubby flagella; and a V151L mutant strain, which did not produce flagella and excreted mainly un-polymerized hook protein. The V151L mutant strain also exported a reduced amount of hook-cap protein FlgD, but when grown with exogenous FlgD it produced polyhooks and polyhook-filaments. A suppressor mutant in the cytoplasmic domain of the export apparatus membrane protein FlhB rescued export of hook-length control protein FliK and facilitated growth of full-length flagella. These results suggested that the FHIPEP region is part of the gate regulating substrate entry into the export apparatus pore. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  9. A Summary of the United States Food and Drug Administrations’ Food Safety Program for Imported Seafood; One Country’s Approach

    PubMed Central

    Koonse, Brett

    2016-01-01

    It is well known that the vast majority of seafood is captured or farmed in emerging countries and exported to developed countries. This has resulted in seafood being the number one traded food commodity in the world. Food safety is essential to this trade. Exporting countries should understand the regulatory food safety programs of the countries they ship to in order to comply with their applicable laws and regulations to avoid violations and disruptions in trade. The United States (U.S.) imports more seafood than any individual country in the world but the European Union (E.U.) countries, as a block, import significantly more. Each importing country has its own programs and systems in place to ensure the safety of imported seafood. However, most countries that export seafood have regulatory programs in place that comply with the import requirements of the E.U. The purpose of this paper is to describe the United States Food and Drug Administration’s (USFDA) imported seafood safety program. The primary audience for the information is foreign government regulators, seafood exporters, and U.S. importers. It can also give consumers confidence that f U.S. seafood is safe no matter which country it originates from. PMID:28231127

  10. 32 CFR 249.5 - Procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... meeting organization include, but are not limited to, proprietary data, export-controlled data, Privacy Act information, and foreign government-provided data. (1) Classified information may be presented...) Unclassified export-controlled DoD technical data may be presented only in sessions where recipients are...

  11. 32 CFR 249.5 - Procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... meeting organization include, but are not limited to, proprietary data, export-controlled data, Privacy Act information, and foreign government-provided data. (1) Classified information may be presented...) Unclassified export-controlled DoD technical data may be presented only in sessions where recipients are...

  12. 19 CFR 10.849 - Importer obligations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... requested, CBP may arrange for the direct submission by the exporter, producer, or entity controlling production of business confidential or other sensitive information, including cost and sourcing information. (b) Information provided by exporter, producer, or entity controlling production. The fact that the...

  13. Amounts, isotopic character, and ages of organic and inorganic carbon exported from rivers to ocean margins: 2. Assessment of natural and anthropogenic controls

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hossler, Katie; Bauer, James E.

    2013-04-01

    Riverine exports of carbon (C) and organic matter (OM) are regulated by a variety of natural and anthropogenic factors. Understanding the relationships between these various factors and C and OM exports can help to constrain global C budgets and allow assessment of current and future anthropogenic impacts on both riverine and global C cycles. We quantified the effects of multiple natural and anthropogenic controls on riverine export fluxes and compositions of particulate organic C, dissolved organic C, and dissolved inorganic C for a regional group of eight rivers in the northeastern U.S. Potential controls related to hydrogeomorphology and regional climate, soil order, soil texture, bedrock lithology, land use, and anthropogenic factors were analyzed individually, collectively, and at scales of both local and regional influence. Factors related to hydrogeomorphology and climate, followed in importance by land use and anthropogenic factors, exhibited the strongest impacts on riverine C exports and compositions, particularly at smaller localized scales. The effects of hydrogeomorphology and climate were primarily related to volumetric flow, which resulted in greater exports of terrestrial and total C. Principal anthropogenic factors included impacts of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and river impoundments. The presence of WWTPs as well as anthropogenic use of carbonate-based materials (e.g., limestone) may have substantially increased riverine C exports, particularly fossil C exports, in the study region. The presence of nuclear power plants in the associated watersheds is also discussed because of the potential for anthropogenic 14C inputs and subsequent biasing of aquatic C studies utilizing natural abundance 14C.

  14. Impacts of U.S. Export Control Policies on Science and Technology Activities and Competitiveness

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-02-25

    coffee table. However, under the current export control regime, the stand was considered ‘ITAR hardware’ and we were required to have two security...should survive without an effective method for pruning items from the control lists when they no longer serve a significant definable national

  15. Control of Sediment Export From The Forest Road Prism

    Treesearch

    Johnny M. Grace

    2002-01-01

    The effectiveness of four road turn-out ditch treatments (vegetation, rip-rap, sediment fences, and settling basins) in reducing sediment export to the forest floor was evaluated. These four runoff control method are commonly prescribed to control forest road runoff and sediments. The study utilized runoff samplers, runoff diversion walls, sediment filter bags, and...

  16. 32 CFR 250.9 - Notice to accompany the dissemination of export-controlled technical data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... PUBLIC DISCLOSURE § 250.9 Notice to accompany the dissemination of export-controlled technical data. (a... for items controlled by the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), or the Department of... not include or involve any license rights. (h) A copy of this notice shall be provided with any...

  17. 40 CFR 205.5-3 - Export exemptions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ....5-3 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) NOISE ABATEMENT PROGRAMS TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT NOISE EMISSION CONTROLS General Provisions § 205.5-3 Export exemptions. (a) A new.... (b) No request for an export exemption is required. (c) For purposes of section 11(d) of the Noise...

  18. 14 CFR 1274.942 - Export licenses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... appropriate licenses or other approvals, if required, for exports of hardware, technical data, and software... installation], where the foreign person will have access to export-controlled technical data or software. (c... software) pursuant to the exemption at 22 CFR 125.4(b)(3). The Agreement Officer or designated...

  19. WATERSHED LEVEL RISK ASSESSMENT OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHOROUS EXPORT

    EPA Science Inventory



    The distribution of different types of land cover across a watershed is a principal factor in controlling the amount of nitrogen and phosphorous exported from a watershed. A well developed literature of nutrient export coefficients by land-cover class was used to model t...

  20. 76 FR 12412 - Proposed Information Collections; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-07

    ... Management and Budget (OMB) approval of the relevant information collection. All comments are part of the...: Drawback on Beer Exported. OMB Control Number: 1513-0017. TTB Form Number: 5130.6. Abstract: When taxpaid beer is removed from a brewery and ultimately exported, the brewer exporting the beer is eligible for a...

  1. 78 FR 43849 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-22

    ...: Export Fruit Regulations. OMB Control Number: 0581-0143. Summary of Collection: Fresh apples and grapes... requirements established by regulations issued under the Export Apple Act (7 CFR Part 33) and the Export Grape... States in apples and grapes; to protect the reputation of these American-grown commodities; and to...

  2. 76 FR 7846 - Agency Information Collection: Emergency Submission for OMB Review

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-11

    ... Export Import Bank's credit insurance programs. Affected Public: This form affects entities involved in... EXPORT IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES [OMB Control No: 3048-0024 EIB 92-79] Agency Information Collection: Emergency Submission for OMB Review AGENCY: Export Import Bank of the United States. ACTION...

  3. 19 CFR 192.11 - Description of the AES.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Description of the AES. 192.11 Section 192.11 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) EXPORT CONTROL Filing of Export Information Through the Automated Export System (AES...

  4. 48 CFR 1852.225-70 - Export Licenses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... licenses or other approvals, if required, for exports of hardware, technical data, and software, or for the... will have access to export-controlled technical data or software. (c) The Contractor shall be... software) pursuant to the exemption at 22 CFR 125.4(b)(3). The Contracting Officer or designated...

  5. Countering Iranian Sponsored Terrorism

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-06-10

    AND NEW DEALS ........................................................................................... 59  IRAN’S OIL EXPORTS ...lack of regional influence, which may be supplanting the export of the revolution as Iran’s primary national interest. Sponsorship of terrorism is...isolate Iran diplomatically, militarily and economically, relying on wide-ranging unilateral sanctions and export controls.”16 This policy of

  6. 75 FR 10997 - Cuban Assets Control Regulations; Sudanese Sanctions Regulations; Iranian Transactions Regulations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-10

    ... Iranian Transactions Regulations to authorize the exportation of certain services and software incident to... authorize the exportation to persons in Sudan and Iran, respectively, of certain services and software... specific license, or otherwise exempt, the exportation of such services and software from the United States...

  7. 22 CFR 126.14 - Special comprehensive export authorizations for NATO, Australia, and Japan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ..., Australia, Japan, and Sweden, the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls may provide the comprehensive... a commercial export endeavor including the needed defense exports can be well anticipated and... authorization. With respect to NATO members, Australia, Japan, and Sweden, the Directorate of Defense Trade...

  8. Energy law service. Volume 2. Monographs

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Green, H.P.

    1978-01-01

    This volume (a companion to the Energy Guide, Vol. 1) contains the following: Monograph 1A - The National Energy Act; Monograph 3A - The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act; Monograph 4A - Gasoline: regulation of price and supply; Monograph 5A - Electric utility rate design; Monograph 6A - Nuclear export control; Monograph 6B - Nuclear Regulatory Commission practice and procedure; Monograph 6C - The Three Mile Island episode: liability and financial implications; Monograph 8A - The Environmental Policy Act; Monograph 10A - Collection and analysis of energy information by the Federal Government; Monograph 11A - Management of energy resourcesmore » on Federal lands; Monograph 12A - Regulation of costs under Department of Energy contracts; Monograph 13A - Foreign investment in United States energy resources; and Monograph 14A - Transportation of energy resources. In addition, a Supplement published July 1979, with updated information on Monographs 4A, 5A, 6B, 10A, 11A, and 12A is included.« less

  9. Research gaps related to tobacco product marketing and sales in the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act.

    PubMed

    Ribisl, Kurt M

    2012-01-01

    This paper is part of a collection that identifies research priorities that will help guide the efforts of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as it regulates tobacco products. This paper examines the major provisions related to tobacco product advertising, marketing, sales, and distribution included in Public Law 111-31, the "Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act". This paper covers 5 areas related to (a) marketing regulations (e.g., ban on color and imagery in ads, ban on nontobacco gifts with purchase); (b) granting FDA authority over the sale, distribution, accessibility, advertising, and promotion of tobacco and lifting state preemption over advertising; (c) remote tobacco sales (mail order and Internet); (d) prevention of illicit and cross-border trade; and (e) noncompliant export products. Each of the 5 sections of this paper provides a description and brief history of regulation, what is known about this regulatory strategy, and research opportunities.

  10. Sources, distribution and export coefficient of phosphorus in lowland polders of Lake Taihu Basin, China.

    PubMed

    Huang, Jiacong; Gao, Junfeng; Jiang, Yong; Yin, Hongbin; Amiri, Bahman Jabbarian

    2017-12-01

    Identifying phosphorus (P) sources, distribution and export from lowland polders is important for P pollution management, however, is challenging due to the high complexity of hydrological and P transport processes in lowland areas. In this study, the spatial pattern and temporal dynamics of P export coefficient (PEC) from all the 2539 polders in Lake Taihu Basin, China were estimated using a coupled P model for describing P dynamics in a polder system. The estimated amount of P export from polders in Lake Taihu Basin during 2013 was 1916.2 t/yr, with a spatially-averaged PEC of 1.8 kg/ha/yr. PEC had peak values (more than 4.0 kg/ha/yr) in the polders near/within the large cities, and was high during the rice-cropping season. Sensitivity analysis based on the coupled P model revealed that the sensitive factors controlling the PEC varied spatially and changed through time. Precipitation and air temperature were the most sensitive factors controlling PEC. Culvert controlling and fertilization were sensitive factors controlling PEC during some periods. This study demonstrated an estimation of PEC from 2539 polders in Lake Taihu Basin, and an identification of sensitive environmental factors affecting PEC. The investigation of polder P export in a watershed scale is helpful for water managers to learn the distribution of P sources, to identify key P sources, and thus to achieve best management practice in controlling P export from lowland areas. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Exporting the Colombian Model Comparing Law Enfocement Stratregies Towards Security and Stability Operations in Colombia and Mexico

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-06-01

    Belen Boville provides a 7 Nathan Leites and Charles Wolf, Rebellion and Authority: An Analytic Essay ...Narcocorridos are so influential that the Mexican government has banned such music on public radio.189 Despite the government’s efforts, the lyrics ...and Wolf Jr., Charles. Rebellion and Authority: An Analytic Essay on Insurgent Conflicts. Chicago: Markham Publishing Company, 1970. Livingstone

  12. Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-03-10

    to political stability in all cases . African elections are likely to continue in many cases to heighten tensions and intensify conflict. Critical...priorities, and bureaucratic resistance. The Mexican Congress recently passed a law to toughen penalties in kidnapping cases , and is considering...situation is dire. Major sources of foreign revenue such as nickel exports and tourism have decreased. Moreover, a decline in foreign currency reserves

  13. Hydrologic and biogeochemical controls on phosphorus export from western Lake Erie tributaries

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Understanding the processes controlling phosphorus (P) export from agricultural watersheds is essential for predicting and mitigating adverse environmental impacts. In this study, discharge, dissolved reactive phosphorus load, and total phosphorus load time series data (1975-2014) from two Lake Erie...

  14. 40 CFR 82.11 - Exports of class I controlled substances to Article 5 Parties.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... substances to Article 5 Parties. 82.11 Section 82.11 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Controls § 82.11 Exports of class I controlled substances to Article 5 Parties. (a) If apportioned Article... substances) to foreign states listed in appendix E to this subpart (Article 5 countries). (1) A person must...

  15. Export Controls and the Tensions between Academic Freedom and National Security

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Evans, Samuel A. W.; Valdivia, Walter D.

    2012-01-01

    In the U.S.A., advocates of academic freedom--the ability to pursue research unencumbered by government controls--have long found sparring partners in government officials who regulate technology trade. From concern over classified research in the 1950s, to the expansion of export controls to cover trade in information in the 1970s, to current…

  16. 78 FR 75458 - Addition of Certain Persons to the Entity List; Amendment of Entity List Entries; and Removal of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-12

    ... and export control violations involving abuse of human rights. Certain exports, reexports, and... (Control Policy: End-User and End-Use Based) of the EAR. The End-user Review Committee (ERC), composed of... Assets Control regulations and the EAR: Anvik Technologies Sdn. Bhd., Montana Advanced Engineering Sdn...

  17. 15 CFR 758.6 - Destination control statement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... be entered on the invoice and on the bill of lading, air waybill, or other export control document... Control List that are not classified as EAR99, unless the export may be made under License Exception BAG or GFT (see part 740 of the EAR). At a minimum, the DCS must state: “These commodities, technology or...

  18. 15 CFR 758.6 - Destination control statement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... be entered on the invoice and on the bill of lading, air waybill, or other export control document... Control List that are not classified as EAR99, unless the export may be made under License Exception BAG or GFT (see part 740 of the EAR). At a minimum, the DCS must state: “These commodities, technology or...

  19. The localization of nuclear exporters of the importin-beta family is regulated by Snf1 kinase, nutrient supply and stress.

    PubMed

    Quan, XinXin; Yu, Jennifer; Bussey, Howard; Stochaj, Ursula

    2007-07-01

    In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, four members of the importin-beta family of nuclear carriers, Xpo1p/Crm1p, Cse1p, Msn5p and Los1p, function as exporters of protein and tRNA. Under normal growth conditions GFP-tagged exporters are predominantly associated with nuclei. The presence of Snf1 kinase, a key regulator of cell growth and a metabolic sensor, controls the localization of GFP-exporters. Additional glucose-dependent, but Snf1-independent, mechanisms regulate carrier distribution and a switch from fermentable to non-fermentable carbon sources relocates all of the carriers, suggesting a link to the nutritional status of the cell. Moreover, stress controls the proper localization of GFP-exporters, which mislocalize upon exposure to heat, ethanol and starvation. Stress may activate the MAPK cell integrity cascade, and we tested the role of this pathway in exporter localization. Under non-stress conditions, the proper distribution of GFP-Cse1p and Xpo1p/Crm1p-GFP requires kinases of the cell integrity cascade. By contrast, Msn5p-GFP and Los1p-GFP rely on the MAPK module to relocate to the cytoplasm when cells are stressed with ethanol. Our results indicate that the association of nuclear exporters with nuclei is controlled by multiple mechanisms that are organized in a hierarchical fashion and linked to the physiological state of the cell.

  20. 75 FR 75677 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Exports...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-06

    ... requirements for persons exporting human drugs, biological products, devices, animal drugs, food, and cosmetics... Control Number 0910-0482)--Extension The respondents to this information collection are exporters who have... States as allowed under section 801(e) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FD&C Act) (21 U.S...

  1. 76 FR 7846 - Agency Information Collection: Emergency Submission for OMB Review

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-11

    ... EXPORT IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES [OMB Control No: 3048-0016 EIB 92-36] Agency Information Collection: Emergency Submission for OMB Review AGENCY: Export Import Bank of the United States. ACTION...., 3501-3521), this notice announces that the Export Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im), will submit...

  2. 15 CFR 758.1 - The Automated Export System (AES) record.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... entered on the loading document (e.g., Cargo Declaration, manifest, bill of lading, (master) air waybill... for all items being exported under the NLR provisions that have a reason for control other than anti-terrorism (AT). The designator “TSPA” may be used, but is not required, when the export consists of...

  3. 27 CFR 479.193 - Arms Export Control Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Arms Export Control Act. 479.193 Section 479.193 Alcohol, Tobacco Products, and Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND...

  4. 27 CFR 479.193 - Arms Export Control Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 3 2012-04-01 2010-04-01 true Arms Export Control Act. 479.193 Section 479.193 Alcohol, Tobacco Products, and Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND...

  5. 27 CFR 479.193 - Arms Export Control Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 3 2011-04-01 2010-04-01 true Arms Export Control Act. 479.193 Section 479.193 Alcohol, Tobacco Products, and Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND...

  6. 27 CFR 479.193 - Arms Export Control Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Arms Export Control Act. 479.193 Section 479.193 Alcohol, Tobacco Products, and Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND...

  7. 27 CFR 479.193 - Arms Export Control Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Arms Export Control Act. 479.193 Section 479.193 Alcohol, Tobacco Products, and Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND...

  8. 15 CFR Supplement No. 2 to Part 730 - Technical Advisory Committees

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS GENERAL..., materials, or supplies, including technology, software, and other information, that are subject to export controls, or are being considered for such controls because of their significance to the national security...

  9. A Herpesvirus Protein Selectively Inhibits Cellular mRNA Nuclear Export.

    PubMed

    Gong, Danyang; Kim, Yong Hoon; Xiao, Yuchen; Du, Yushen; Xie, Yafang; Lee, Kevin K; Feng, Jun; Farhat, Nisar; Zhao, Dawei; Shu, Sara; Dai, Xinghong; Chanda, Sumit K; Rana, Tariq M; Krogan, Nevan J; Sun, Ren; Wu, Ting-Ting

    2016-11-09

    Nuclear mRNA export is highly regulated to ensure accurate cellular gene expression. Viral inhibition of cellular mRNA export can enhance viral access to the cellular translation machinery and prevent anti-viral protein production but is generally thought to be nonselective. We report that ORF10 of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a nuclear DNA virus, inhibits mRNA export in a transcript-selective manner to control cellular gene expression. Nuclear export inhibition by ORF10 requires an interaction with an RNA export factor, Rae1. Genome-wide analysis reveals a subset of cellular mRNAs whose nuclear export is blocked by ORF10 with the 3' UTRs of ORF10-targeted transcripts conferring sensitivity to export inhibition. The ORF10-Rae1 interaction is important for the virus to express viral genes and produce infectious virions. These results suggest that a nuclear DNA virus can selectively interfere with RNA export to restrict host gene expression for optimal replication. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  10. Revision of Import and Export Requirements for Controlled Substances, Listed Chemicals, and Tableting and Encapsulating Machines, Including Changes To Implement the International Trade Data System (ITDS); Revision of Reporting Requirements for Domestic Transactions in Listed Chemicals and Tableting and Encapsulating Machines; and Technical Amendments. Final rule.

    PubMed

    2016-12-30

    The Drug Enforcement Administration is updating its regulations for the import and export of tableting and encapsulating machines, controlled substances, and listed chemicals, and its regulations relating to reports required for domestic transactions in listed chemicals, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, and tableting and encapsulating machines. In accordance with Executive Order 13563, the Drug Enforcement Administration has reviewed its import and export regulations and reporting requirements for domestic transactions in listed chemicals (and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid) and tableting and encapsulating machines, and evaluated them for clarity, consistency, continued accuracy, and effectiveness. The amendments clarify certain policies and reflect current procedures and technological advancements. The amendments also allow for the implementation, as applicable to tableting and encapsulating machines, controlled substances, and listed chemicals, of the President's Executive Order 13659 on streamlining the export/import process and requiring the government-wide utilization of the International Trade Data System (ITDS). This rule additionally contains amendments that implement recent changes to the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (CSIEA) for reexportation of controlled substances among members of the European Economic Area made by the Improving Regulatory Transparency for New Medical Therapies Act. The rule also includes additional substantive and technical and stylistic amendments.

  11. 15 CFR 743.1 - Wassenaar Arrangement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... exports of certain commodities, software and technology controlled under the Wassenaar Arrangement. Such...). Note that exports of technology and source code under License Exception TSR to foreign nationals... 2B001.b.2) of the Commerce Control List (CCL). Reports for 2E001, are for “technology” according to the...

  12. 75 FR 50679 - Continuation of Emergency Regarding Export Control Regulations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-16

    ... Part III The President Notice of August 12, 2010--Continuation of Emergency Regarding Export Control Regulations #0; #0; #0; Presidential Documents #0; #0; #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 157 / Monday, August 16, 2010 / Presidential Documents#0;#0; #0; #0;Title 3-- #0;The President [[Page 50681...

  13. 78 FR 18814 - Amendment to the Export Administration Regulations: List of Items Classified Under Export Control...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-28

    ... RIN 0694-AF73. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Elizabeth Sangine, Director, Chemical and Biological... detection, identification, warning or monitoring of biological agents that is subject to the licensing... approved collections: (1) The Simplified Network Application Processing + System (control number 0694-0088...

  14. 76 FR 74041 - Initiation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Administrative Reviews and Request for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-30

    ... the People's Republic of China for one exporter. All deadlines for the submission of various types of... notice of initiation had no exports, sales, or entries during the period of review (``POR''), it must... government control of its export activities to be entitled to a separate rate, the Department analyzes each...

  15. 31 CFR 585.205 - Prohibited exportation and reexportation of goods, technology, or services to the FRY (S&M).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... reexportation of goods, technology, or services to the FRY (S&M). 585.205 Section 585.205 Money and Finance... exportation and reexportation of goods, technology, or services to the FRY (S&M). Except as otherwise authorized, no goods, technology (including technical data or other information controlled for export...

  16. 22 CFR 122.4 - Notification of changes in information furnished by registrants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... export or temporarily import defense articles or defense services from any agency of the U.S. government... obtaining the approval required under this subchapter for the export of defense articles or defense services... authority of § 38(g)(6) of the Arms Export Control Act regarding licenses or other approvals for certain...

  17. 22 CFR 122.4 - Notification of changes in information furnished by registrants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... export or temporarily import defense articles or defense services from any agency of the U.S. government... obtaining the approval required under this subchapter for the export of defense articles or defense services... authority of § 38(g)(6) of the Arms Export Control Act regarding licenses or other approvals for certain...

  18. 19 CFR 192.12 - Criteria for denial of applications requesting AES post-departure (Option 4) filing status...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Criteria for denial of applications requesting AES...) EXPORT CONTROL Filing of Export Information Through the Automated Export System (AES) § 192.12 Criteria for denial of applications requesting AES post-departure (Option 4) filing status; appeal procedures...

  19. 19 CFR 192.12 - Criteria for denial of applications requesting AES post-departure (Option 4) filing status...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Criteria for denial of applications requesting AES...) EXPORT CONTROL Filing of Export Information Through the Automated Export System (AES) § 192.12 Criteria for denial of applications requesting AES post-departure (Option 4) filing status; appeal procedures...

  20. 19 CFR 192.12 - Criteria for denial of applications requesting AES post-departure (Option 4) filing status...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Criteria for denial of applications requesting AES...) EXPORT CONTROL Filing of Export Information Through the Automated Export System (AES) § 192.12 Criteria for denial of applications requesting AES post-departure (Option 4) filing status; appeal procedures...

  1. 19 CFR 192.12 - Criteria for denial of applications requesting AES post-departure (Option 4) filing status...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Criteria for denial of applications requesting AES...) EXPORT CONTROL Filing of Export Information Through the Automated Export System (AES) § 192.12 Criteria for denial of applications requesting AES post-departure (Option 4) filing status; appeal procedures...

  2. 19 CFR 192.12 - Criteria for denial of applications requesting AES post-departure (Option 4) filing status...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Criteria for denial of applications requesting AES...) EXPORT CONTROL Filing of Export Information Through the Automated Export System (AES) § 192.12 Criteria for denial of applications requesting AES post-departure (Option 4) filing status; appeal procedures...

  3. 22 CFR 124.3 - Exports of technical data in furtherance of an agreement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... approved in writing by the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) and the technical data does not... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exports of technical data in furtherance of an... REGULATIONS AGREEMENTS, OFF-SHORE PROCUREMENT AND OTHER DEFENSE SERVICES § 124.3 Exports of technical data in...

  4. 22 CFR 123.24 - Shipments by U.S. Postal Service.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... with this subchapter by clearly marking on the package “This export is subject to the controls of the...) The export of any technical data using a license in this subchapter by the U.S. Postal Service must be... either a license or exemption, must certify, by clearly marking on the package, “This export is subject...

  5. The DISAM Journal of International Security Assistance Management. Volume 24, Number 3, Spring 2002

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2002-01-01

    to security cooperation such as human rights, economics, export control, and disarmament. Others are more regionally centered in South America and...Military Affairs “ Export Control” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 John R...related legislation recently enacted for fiscal year (FY) 2002. While funding for the fiscal year was appropriated by the Foreign Operations, Export

  6. Mechanisms underlying export of N from high-elevation catchments during seasonal transitions

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Sickman, J.O.; Leydecker, A.L.; Chang, Cecily C.Y.; Kendall, C.; Melack, J.M.; Lucero, D.M.; Schimel, J.

    2003-01-01

    Mechanisms underlying catchment export of nitrogen (N) during seasonal transitions (i.e., winter to spring and summer to autumn) were investigated in high-elevation catchments of the Sierra Nevada using stable isotopes of nitrate and water, intensive monitoring of stream chemistry and detailed catchment N-budgets. We had four objectives: (1) determine the relative contribution of snowpack and soil nitrate to the spring nitrate pulse, (2) look for evidence of biotic control of N losses at the catchment scale, (3) examine dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) export patterns to gain a better understanding of the biological and hydrological controls on DON loss, and (4) examine the relationship between soil physico-chemical conditions and N export. At the Emerald Lake watershed, nitrogen budgets and isotopic analyses of the spring nitrate pulse indicate that 50 to 70% of the total nitrate exported during snowmelt (ca. April to July) is derived from catchment soils and talus; the remainder is snowpack nitrate. The spring nitrate pulse occurred several weeks after the start of snowmelt and was different from export patterns of less biologically labile compounds such as silica and DON suggesting that: (1) nitrate is produced and released from soils only after intense flushing has occurred and (2) a microbial N-sink is operating in catchment soils during the early stages of snowmelt. DON concentrations varied less than 20-30% during snowmelt, indicating that soil processes tightly controlled DON losses.

  7. An improved export coefficient model to estimate non-point source phosphorus pollution risks under complex precipitation and terrain conditions.

    PubMed

    Cheng, Xian; Chen, Liding; Sun, Ranhao; Jing, Yongcai

    2018-05-15

    To control non-point source (NPS) pollution, it is important to estimate NPS pollution exports and identify sources of pollution. Precipitation and terrain have large impacts on the export and transport of NPS pollutants. We established an improved export coefficient model (IECM) to estimate the amount of agricultural and rural NPS total phosphorus (TP) exported from the Luanhe River Basin (LRB) in northern China. The TP concentrations of rivers from 35 selected catchments in the LRB were used to test the model's explanation capacity and accuracy. The simulation results showed that, in 2013, the average TP export was 57.20 t at the catchment scale. The mean TP export intensity in the LRB was 289.40 kg/km 2 , which was much higher than those of other basins in China. In the LRB topographic regions, the TP export intensity was the highest in the south Yanshan Mountains and was followed by the plain area, the north Yanshan Mountains, and the Bashang Plateau. Among the three pollution categories, the contribution ratios to TP export were, from high to low, the rural population (59.44%), livestock husbandry (22.24%), and land-use types (18.32%). Among all ten pollution sources, the contribution ratios from the rural population (59.44%), pigs (14.40%), and arable land (10.52%) ranked as the top three sources. This study provides information that decision makers and planners can use to develop sustainable measures for the prevention and control of NPS pollution in semi-arid regions.

  8. Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2013

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-01-01

    discussions have stalled over pricing differences. China’s Top Crude Suppliers 2011 Country Volume (1,000 barrels per day) Percentage of...the transfer or disclosure of U.S.-origin defense articles, defense services, technical data, and/or technology to China. Additionally, Public Law... transfer or export of defense articles (including technical data) and defense services. Beijing primarily conducts arms sales to enhance foreign

  9. Black Gold Revolution: What New Oil Means for American Security Policy

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-06-01

    States will keep most or all discovered oil for domestic uses. Incidentally, current laws forbid the export of American oil for this reason. Oil...three prevalent international orders are balance-of-power, hegemonic and constitutional .5 Each of these differs in the distribution of power...peaceful transition, it must consider Gilpin’s concept of prestige to retain influence. This consideration leads to the final order, a constitutional

  10. Firearm legislation and firearm mortality in the USA: a cross-sectional, state-level study.

    PubMed

    Kalesan, Bindu; Mobily, Matthew E; Keiser, Olivia; Fagan, Jeffrey A; Galea, Sandro

    2016-04-30

    In an effort to reduce firearm mortality rates in the USA, US states have enacted a range of firearm laws to either strengthen or deregulate the existing main federal gun control law, the Brady Law. We set out to determine the independent association of different firearm laws with overall firearm mortality, homicide firearm mortality, and suicide firearm mortality across all US states. We also projected the potential reduction of firearm mortality if the three most strongly associated firearm laws were enacted at the federal level. We constructed a cross-sectional, state-level dataset from Nov 1, 2014, to May 15, 2015, using counts of firearm-related deaths in each US state for the years 2008-10 (stratified by intent [homicide and suicide]) from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System, data about 25 firearm state laws implemented in 2009, and state-specific characteristics such as firearm ownership for 2013, firearm export rates, and non-firearm homicide rates for 2009, and unemployment rates for 2010. Our primary outcome measure was overall firearm-related mortality per 100,000 people in the USA in 2010. We used Poisson regression with robust variances to derive incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs. 31,672 firearm-related deaths occurred in 2010 in the USA (10·1 per 100,000 people; mean state-specific count 631·5 [SD 629·1]). Of 25 firearm laws, nine were associated with reduced firearm mortality, nine were associated with increased firearm mortality, and seven had an inconclusive association. After adjustment for relevant covariates, the three state laws most strongly associated with reduced overall firearm mortality were universal background checks for firearm purchase (multivariable IRR 0·39 [95% CI 0·23-0·67]; p=0·001), ammunition background checks (0·18 [0·09-0·36]; p<0·0001), and identification requirement for firearms (0·16 [0·09-0·29]; p<0·0001). Projected federal-level implementation of universal background checks for firearm purchase could reduce national firearm mortality from 10·35 to 4·46 deaths per 100,000 people, background checks for ammunition purchase could reduce it to 1·99 per 100,000, and firearm identification to 1·81 per 100,000. Very few of the existing state-specific firearm laws are associated with reduced firearm mortality, and this evidence underscores the importance of focusing on relevant and effective firearms legislation. Implementation of universal background checks for the purchase of firearms or ammunition, and firearm identification nationally could substantially reduce firearm mortality in the USA. None. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Nuclear Imprisonment: Viral Strategies to Arrest Host mRNA Nuclear Export

    PubMed Central

    Kuss, Sharon K.; Mata, Miguel A.; Zhang, Liang; Fontoura, Beatriz M. A.

    2013-01-01

    Viruses possess many strategies to impair host cellular responses to infection. Nuclear export of host messenger RNAs (mRNA) that encode antiviral factors is critical for antiviral protein production and control of viral infections. Several viruses have evolved sophisticated strategies to inhibit nuclear export of host mRNAs, including targeting mRNA export factors and nucleoporins to compromise their roles in nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking of cellular mRNA. Here, we present a review of research focused on suppression of host mRNA nuclear export by viruses, including influenza A virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, and the impact of this viral suppression on host antiviral responses. PMID:23872491

  12. A novel mitochondrial carrier protein Mme1 acts as a yeast mitochondrial magnesium exporter.

    PubMed

    Cui, Yixian; Zhao, Shanke; Wang, Juan; Wang, Xudong; Gao, Bingquan; Fan, Qiangwang; Sun, Fei; Zhou, Bing

    2015-03-01

    The homeostasis of magnesium (Mg2+), an abundant divalent cation indispensable for many biological processes including mitochondrial functions, is underexplored. Previously, two mitochondrial Mg2+ importers, Mrs2 and Lpe10, were characterized for mitochondrial Mg2+ uptake. We now show that mitochondrial Mg2+ homeostasis is accurately controlled through the combined effects of previously known importers and a novel exporter, Mme1 (mitochondrial magnesium exporter 1). Mme1 belongs to the mitochondrial carrier family and was isolated for its mutation that is able to suppress the mrs2Δ respiration defect. Deletion of MME1 significantly increased steady-state mitochondrial Mg2+ concentration, while overexpression decreased it. Measurements of Mg2+ exit from proteoliposomes reconstituted with purified Mme1 provided definite evidence for Mme1 as an Mg2+ exporter. Our studies identified, for the first time, a mitochondrial Mg2+ exporter that works together with mitochondrial importers to ensure the precise control of mitochondrial Mg2+ homeostasis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  13. Adjusting export tax rebates to reduce the environmental impacts of trade: Lessons from China.

    PubMed

    Song, Peng; Mao, Xianqiang; Corsetti, Gabriel

    2015-09-15

    Export tax rebates are an important policy instrument for stimulating exports, which many developing countries make use of. However, excessive export tax rebates and inappropriate structural arrangements can lead to over-production in highly polluting industries and cause the environment to deteriorate. This paper, taking China as the study case, tests and verifies the statistical significance of the causal relationship between export tax rebates and pollution emissions. With a computable general equilibrium modeling, the current study further analyzes the effectiveness of export tax rebate adjustments aimed at alleviating environmental pressure for different time periods. It is found that before 2003, export tax rebates primarily promoted exports and boosted foreign exchange reserves, and highly polluting sectors enjoyed above-average export tax rebates, which led to increased pollution emissions. Between 2003 and 2010, the export tax rebate system was reformed to reduce support for the highly polluting export sectors, which led to decreases in emissions. Canceling export tax rebates for highly polluting sectors is shown to be the most favorable policy choice for improving the environmental performance of China's international trade. This study can serve as reference for other developing countries which similarly rely on export tax rebates, so that they can adjust their policies so as to combine economic growth with pollution control. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. 31 CFR 592.502 - Annual reports by rough diamond importers and exporters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Annual reports by rough diamond... and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ROUGH DIAMONDS CONTROL REGULATIONS Records and Reports § 592.502 Annual reports by rough diamond importers and exporters...

  15. 31 CFR 592.502 - Annual reports by rough diamond importers and exporters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Annual reports by rough diamond... and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ROUGH DIAMONDS CONTROL REGULATIONS Records and Reports § 592.502 Annual reports by rough diamond importers and exporters...

  16. 31 CFR 592.502 - Annual reports by rough diamond importers and exporters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Annual reports by rough diamond... and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ROUGH DIAMONDS CONTROL REGULATIONS Records and Reports § 592.502 Annual reports by rough diamond importers and exporters...

  17. 31 CFR 592.502 - Annual reports by rough diamond importers and exporters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Annual reports by rough diamond... and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ROUGH DIAMONDS CONTROL REGULATIONS Records and Reports § 592.502 Annual reports by rough diamond importers and exporters...

  18. 15 CFR 768.1 - Introduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... item. Sufficient quantity. The amount of an item that would render the U.S. export control, or the... the quantity that meets the military needs of that country so that U.S. exports of the item to that... items that were formerly controlled on the U.S. Munitions List and that were transferred to the Commerce...

  19. 15 CFR 768.1 - Introduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... item. Sufficient quantity. The amount of an item that would render the U.S. export control, or the... the quantity that meets the military needs of that country so that U.S. exports of the item to that... items that were formerly controlled on the U.S. Munitions List and that were transferred to the Commerce...

  20. 15 CFR 768.1 - Introduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... item. Sufficient quantity. The amount of an item that would render the U.S. export control, or the... the quantity that meets the military needs of that country so that U.S. exports of the item to that... items that were formerly controlled on the U.S. Munitions List and that were transferred to the Commerce...

  1. 15 CFR 768.1 - Introduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... item. Sufficient quantity. The amount of an item that would render the U.S. export control, or the... the quantity that meets the military needs of that country so that U.S. exports of the item to that... items that were formerly controlled on the U.S. Munitions List and that were transferred to the Commerce...

  2. 15 CFR 768.1 - Introduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... item. Sufficient quantity. The amount of an item that would render the U.S. export control, or the... the quantity that meets the military needs of that country so that U.S. exports of the item to that... items that were formerly controlled on the U.S. Munitions List and that were transferred to the Commerce...

  3. 48 CFR 225.7300 - Scope of subpart.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... military sales (FMS) under the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. Chapter 39). Section 22 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2762) authorizes DoD to enter into contracts for resale to foreign countries or international organizations. (b) This subpart does not apply to— (1) FMS made from inventories...

  4. 77 FR 72917 - Editorial Corrections to the Commerce Control List of the Export Administration Regulations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-07

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security 15 CFR Part 774 [Docket No. 120320200-2296-01] RIN 0694-AF62 Editorial Corrections to the Commerce Control List of the Export Administration Regulations AGENCY: Bureau of Industry and Security, Commerce. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This final rule...

  5. 77 FR 12201 - Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Haiti

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-29

    ... controlling the import and export of defense articles and services is a foreign affairs function of the United... Department is of the opinion that controlling the import and export of defense articles and services is a... this rulemaking will not have tribal implications, will not impose substantial direct compliance costs...

  6. 31 CFR 592.201 - Prohibited importation and exportation of any rough diamond; permitted importation or exportation...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., unless the rough diamond has been controlled through the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme. (b) The... States of any rough diamond not controlled through the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme do not... Process Certification Scheme and thus is not permitted, except in the following circumstance. The...

  7. Effects of Light Quality and Intensity on Diurnal Patterns and Rates of Photo-Assimilate Translocation and Transpiration in Tomato Leaves.

    PubMed

    Lanoue, Jason; Leonardos, Evangelos D; Grodzinski, Bernard

    2018-01-01

    Translocation of assimilates is a fundamental process involving carbon and water balance affecting source/sink relationships. Diurnal patterns of CO 2 exchange, translocation (carbon export), and transpiration of an intact tomato source leaf were determined during 14 CO 2 steady-state labeling under different wavelengths at three pre-set photosynthetic rates. Daily patterns showed that photosynthesis and export were supported by all wavelengths of light tested including orange and green. Export in the light, under all wavelengths was always higher than that at night. Export in the light varied from 65-83% of the total daily carbon fixed, depending on light intensity. Photosynthesis and export were highly correlated under all wavelengths ( r = 0.90-0.96). Export as a percentage of photosynthesis (relative export) decreased as photosynthesis increased by increasing light intensity under all wavelengths. These data indicate an upper limit for export under all spectral conditions. Interestingly, only at the medium photosynthetic rate, relative export under the blue and the orange light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were higher than under white and red-white LEDs. Stomatal conductance, transpiration rates, and water-use-efficiency showed similar daily patterns under all wavelengths. Illuminating tomato leaves with different spectral quality resulted in similar carbon export rates, but stomatal conductance and transpiration rates varied due to wavelength specific control of stomatal function. Thus, we caution that the link between transpiration and C-export may be more complex than previously thought. In summary, these data indicate that orange and green LEDs, not simply the traditionally used red and blue LEDs, should be considered and tested when designing lighting systems for optimizing source leaf strength during plant production in controlled environment systems. In addition, knowledge related to the interplay between water and C-movement within a plant and how they are affected by environmental stimuli, is needed to develop a better understanding of source/sink relationships.

  8. Effects of Light Quality and Intensity on Diurnal Patterns and Rates of Photo-Assimilate Translocation and Transpiration in Tomato Leaves

    PubMed Central

    Lanoue, Jason; Leonardos, Evangelos D.; Grodzinski, Bernard

    2018-01-01

    Translocation of assimilates is a fundamental process involving carbon and water balance affecting source/sink relationships. Diurnal patterns of CO2 exchange, translocation (carbon export), and transpiration of an intact tomato source leaf were determined during 14CO2 steady-state labeling under different wavelengths at three pre-set photosynthetic rates. Daily patterns showed that photosynthesis and export were supported by all wavelengths of light tested including orange and green. Export in the light, under all wavelengths was always higher than that at night. Export in the light varied from 65–83% of the total daily carbon fixed, depending on light intensity. Photosynthesis and export were highly correlated under all wavelengths (r = 0.90–0.96). Export as a percentage of photosynthesis (relative export) decreased as photosynthesis increased by increasing light intensity under all wavelengths. These data indicate an upper limit for export under all spectral conditions. Interestingly, only at the medium photosynthetic rate, relative export under the blue and the orange light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were higher than under white and red-white LEDs. Stomatal conductance, transpiration rates, and water-use-efficiency showed similar daily patterns under all wavelengths. Illuminating tomato leaves with different spectral quality resulted in similar carbon export rates, but stomatal conductance and transpiration rates varied due to wavelength specific control of stomatal function. Thus, we caution that the link between transpiration and C-export may be more complex than previously thought. In summary, these data indicate that orange and green LEDs, not simply the traditionally used red and blue LEDs, should be considered and tested when designing lighting systems for optimizing source leaf strength during plant production in controlled environment systems. In addition, knowledge related to the interplay between water and C-movement within a plant and how they are affected by environmental stimuli, is needed to develop a better understanding of source/sink relationships. PMID:29915612

  9. Public Law No. 101-167 of 21 November 1989, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990.

    PubMed

    1989-01-01

    Among other things, this US Act makes appropriations for foreign operations, export financing, and related programs. With respect to these appropriations, it does the following: 1) prohibits funding for coercive abortion or forced sterilization as part of bilateral development and population planning assistance; 2) prohibits the use of funds appropriated under the Act to lobby for abortion; and 3) prohibits the use of development assistance funds to pay for abortions or involuntary sterilizations as a method of family planning or to motivate or coerce any persons to practice abortions or undergo sterilization, or any biomedical research concerning abortions or involuntary sterilization as a method of family planning. The Act also reaffirms the congressional commitment to population planning, development assistance, and the need for informed voluntary family planning.

  10. 76 FR 41046 - Addition of the New State of the Republic of South Sudan to the Export Administration Regulations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-13

    ... Administration Regulations AGENCY: Bureau of Industry and Security, Commerce. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: In this final rule, the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) amends the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) to add controls on exports and reexports of U.S.-origin dual-use items to a new nation, the...

  11. 15 CFR 720.4 - Effect of denial.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... considered a “person denied export privileges” for purposes of the Export Administration Regulations (EAR... EAR are published in the Federal Register when they are issued and are legally controlling documents...

  12. 15 CFR 720.4 - Effect of denial.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... considered a “person denied export privileges” for purposes of the Export Administration Regulations (EAR... EAR are published in the Federal Register when they are issued and are legally controlling documents...

  13. 15 CFR 720.4 - Effect of denial.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... considered a “person denied export privileges” for purposes of the Export Administration Regulations (EAR... EAR are published in the Federal Register when they are issued and are legally controlling documents...

  14. Portfolio Purchasing Decision for Mobile Power Equipment of B2C E-Commerce Export Retailer Based on CVaR

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yanchun, Wan; Qiucen, Chen

    2017-11-01

    Purchasing is an important part of export e-commerce of B2C, which plays an important role on risk and cost control in supply management. From the perspective of risk control, the paper construct a CVaR model for portfolio purchase. We select a heavy sales mobile power equipment from a typical B2C e-commerce export retailer as study sample. This study optimizes the purchasing strategy of this type of mobile power equipment. The research has some reference for similar enterprises in purchasing portfolio decision.

  15. Risk assessment and cost-effectiveness of animal health certification methods for livestock export in Somalia

    PubMed Central

    Knight-Jones, T.J.D.; Njeumi, F.; Elsawalhy, A.; Wabacha, J.; Rushton, J.

    2014-01-01

    Livestock export is vital to the Somali economy. To protect Somali livestock exports from costly import bans used to control the international spread of disease, better certification of livestock health status is required. We performed quantitative risk assessment and cost-effectiveness analysis on different health certification protocols for Somali livestock exports for six transboundary diseases. Examining stock at regional markets alone without port inspection and quarantine was inexpensive but was ineffective for all but contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia and peste des petits ruminants. While extended pre-export quarantine improves detection of infections that cause clinical disease, if biosecurity is suboptimal quarantine provides an opportunity for transmission and increased risk. Clinical examination, laboratory screening and vaccination of animals for key diseases before entry to the quarantine station reduced the risk of an exported animal being infected. If vaccination could be reliably performed weeks before arrival at quarantine its effect would be greatly enhanced. The optimal certification method depends on the disease. Laboratory diagnostic testing was particularly important for detecting infections with limited clinical signs in male animals (only males are exported); for Rift Valley fever (RVF) the probability of detection was 99% or 0% with and without testing. Based on our findings animal inspection and certification at regional markets combined with quarantine inspection and certification would reduce the risk of exporting infected animals and enhance disease control at the regional level. This is especially so for key priority diseases, that is RVF, foot-and-mouth disease and Brucellosis. Increased data collection and testing should be applied at point of production and export. PMID:24462194

  16. The freshwater export from the Arctic Ocean and the circulation of liquid freshwater around Greenland - constraints, interactions & consequences

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rudels, Bert

    2010-05-01

    The freshwater added to the Arctic Ocean is stored as sea ice and as liquid freshwater residing primarily in the upper layers. This allows for simple zero order estimates of the liquid freshwater content and export based on rotationally controlled baroclinic flow. At present the freshwater outflow occurs on both sides of Greenland. In Fram Strait the sea ice export in the East Greenland Current is significantly larger than the liquid freshwater outflow, while the liquid freshwater export dominates in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Although the outflow in the upper layer and the freshwater export respond to short periodic wind events and longer periodic atmospheric circulation patterns, the long-term trend is controlled by the net freshwater supply - the freshwater input minus the ice export. As the ice formation and ice export are expected to diminish in a warmer climate the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, comprising several passages, should gradually carry more of the total Arctic Ocean freshwater outflow. However, the channels in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago discharge into the restricted Baffin, which also receives a part of the Fram Strait freshwater export via the West Greenland Current. In a situation with increased glacial melting and freshwater discharge from Greenland the density of the upper layer in Baffin Bay may decrease considerably. This would reduce the sea level difference between the Arctic Ocean and Baffin Bay and thus weaken the outflow through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, in extreme cases perhaps even reverse the flow. This would shift the main Arctic Ocean liquid freshwater export from The Canadian Arctic Archipelago to Fram Strait. The zero order dynamics of the exchanges through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Baffin Bay are described and the possibility for a weakening of the outflow is examined.

  17. Risk assessment and cost-effectiveness of animal health certification methods for livestock export in Somalia.

    PubMed

    Knight-Jones, T J D; Njeumi, F; Elsawalhy, A; Wabacha, J; Rushton, J

    2014-03-01

    Livestock export is vital to the Somali economy. To protect Somali livestock exports from costly import bans used to control the international spread of disease, better certification of livestock health status is required. We performed quantitative risk assessment and cost-effectiveness analysis on different health certification protocols for Somali livestock exports for six transboundary diseases. Examining stock at regional markets alone without port inspection and quarantine was inexpensive but was ineffective for all but contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia and peste des petits ruminants. While extended pre-export quarantine improves detection of infections that cause clinical disease, if biosecurity is suboptimal quarantine provides an opportunity for transmission and increased risk. Clinical examination, laboratory screening and vaccination of animals for key diseases before entry to the quarantine station reduced the risk of an exported animal being infected. If vaccination could be reliably performed weeks before arrival at quarantine its effect would be greatly enhanced. The optimal certification method depends on the disease. Laboratory diagnostic testing was particularly important for detecting infections with limited clinical signs in male animals (only males are exported); for Rift Valley fever (RVF) the probability of detection was 99% or 0% with and without testing. Based on our findings animal inspection and certification at regional markets combined with quarantine inspection and certification would reduce the risk of exporting infected animals and enhance disease control at the regional level. This is especially so for key priority diseases, that is RVF, foot-and-mouth disease and Brucellosis. Increased data collection and testing should be applied at point of production and export. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. 75 FR 18029 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Export-Controlled Items (DFARS Case 2004-D010)

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-08

    ... increased security benefits will be reaped if DoD diligently identifies those portions of fundamental.... Fundamental Research and the Clause at DFARS 252.204-7000, Disclosure of Information Comments: The fundamental..., universities under contracts with DoD can and do have access to export-controlled items in fundamental research...

  19. 22 CFR 120.1 - General authorities, receipt of licenses, and ineligibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... ineligibility. 120.1 Section 120.1 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS...) Section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778), as amended, authorizes the President to... well as other relevant authorities in the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.). By virtue...

  20. 22 CFR 126.6 - Foreign-owned military aircraft and naval vessels, and the Foreign Military Sales program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS GENERAL POLICIES AND PROVISIONS § 126.6 Foreign-owned military... pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act or the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and (2) The... the Arms Export Control Act pursuant to an Letter of Offer and Acceptance (LOA) authorizing such...

  1. Implications of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering with Respect to Export Control

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-09-01

    domain. The university also advises its staff to ask for any ECCN that may be associated with a procured software package in order to understand the...industry? • Models can transform input data, which can be of various export control levels, and provide new, transformed data. If EAR ECCN 9E991 data is

  2. 48 CFR 252.204-7008 - Export-Controlled Items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...) Defense items, defined in the Arms Export Control Act, 22 U.S.C. 2778(j)(4)(A), as defense articles, defense services, and related technical data, and further defined in the ITAR, 22 CFR part 120. (2) Items, defined in the EAR as “commodities, software, and technology,” terms that are also defined in the EAR, 15...

  3. 48 CFR 252.204-7008 - Export-Controlled Items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...) Defense items, defined in the Arms Export Control Act, 22 U.S.C. 2778(j)(4)(A), as defense articles, defense services, and related technical data, and further defined in the ITAR, 22 CFR part 120. (2) Items, defined in the EAR as “commodities, software, and technology,” terms that are also defined in the EAR, 15...

  4. 48 CFR 252.204-7008 - Export-Controlled Items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...) Defense items, defined in the Arms Export Control Act, 22 U.S.C. 2778(j)(4)(A), as defense articles, defense services, and related technical data, and further defined in the ITAR, 22 CFR part 120. (2) Items, defined in the EAR as “commodities, software, and technology,” terms that are also defined in the EAR, 15...

  5. 76 FR 56147 - Certain Steel Nails From the People's Republic of China: Preliminary Results and Preliminary...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-12

    ... electroplating or hot dipping one or more times), phosphate cement, and paint. Head styles include, but are not... control and thus should be assessed a single antidumping duty rate.\\28\\ Exporters can demonstrate this independence through the absence of both de jure and de facto government control over export activities. Id...

  6. Corruption in the Middle East: Challenges Posed for the United States

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2004-11-01

    American exporters allegedly lost out on foreign deals because they are not allowed, under U.S. law, to pay bribes to foreign officials. For...American companies, the payment of bribes to foreign officials is a criminal act and, of course, the bribes paid cannot be deducted as costs for tax...Cost-reducing (to the briber) or benefit enhancing; • Briber-initiated or bribee -initiated; • Coercive or collusive; centralized or

  7. Russia’s Proposal for a European Security Treaty: Motives and Implications

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-09-01

    their relations in the spirit of friendship and cooperation in conformity with international law.”17 The preamble states that the parties would be...ways. For example, thirty-five years ago, few could imagine that cyber security would become a significant trans-national threat. The bottom line is...supply cutoffs, cyber attacks, and export bans, which have significantly affected European neighbors. Furthermore, Moscow itself violates Article 1 of

  8. Global carbon export from the terrestrial biosphere controlled by erosion.

    PubMed

    Galy, Valier; Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard; Eglinton, Timothy

    2015-05-14

    Riverine export of particulate organic carbon (POC) to the ocean affects the atmospheric carbon inventory over a broad range of timescales. On geological timescales, the balance between sequestration of POC from the terrestrial biosphere and oxidation of rock-derived (petrogenic) organic carbon sets the magnitude of the atmospheric carbon and oxygen reservoirs. Over shorter timescales, variations in the rate of exchange between carbon reservoirs, such as soils and marine sediments, also modulate atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. The respective fluxes of biospheric and petrogenic organic carbon are poorly constrained, however, and mechanisms controlling POC export have remained elusive, limiting our ability to predict POC fluxes quantitatively as a result of climatic or tectonic changes. Here we estimate biospheric and petrogenic POC fluxes for a suite of river systems representative of the natural variability in catchment properties. We show that export yields of both biospheric and petrogenic POC are positively related to the yield of suspended sediment, revealing that POC export is mostly controlled by physical erosion. Using a global compilation of gauged suspended sediment flux, we derive separate estimates of global biospheric and petrogenic POC fluxes of 157(+74)(-50) and 43(+61)(-25) megatonnes of carbon per year, respectively. We find that biospheric POC export is primarily controlled by the capacity of rivers to mobilize and transport POC, and is largely insensitive to the magnitude of terrestrial primary production. Globally, physical erosion rates affect the rate of biospheric POC burial in marine sediments more strongly than carbon sequestration through silicate weathering. We conclude that burial of biospheric POC in marine sediments becomes the dominant long-term atmospheric carbon dioxide sink under enhanced physical erosion.

  9. Confidentiality and data sharing: vulnerabilities of the Mexican Genomics Sovereignty Act.

    PubMed

    Rojas-Martínez, Augusto

    2015-07-01

    A law known as "Genomic Sovereignty Act", instituted in 2011, regulates research on the human genome in Mexico. This law establishes Government regulations for the exportation of DNA samples from Mexican nationals for population genetics studies. The Genomic Sovereignty Act protects fundamental human values, as confidentiality and non-discrimination based on personal genetic information. It also supports the development of the genome-based medical biotechnology and the bio-economy. Current laws for the protection of the genomic confidentiality, however, are inexplicit and insufficient, and the legal and technological instruments are primitive and insufficient to safeguard this bioethical principle. In addition, this law may undermine efforts of the national and international scientific communities to cooperate with big-data analysis for the development of the genome-based biomedical sciences. The argument of this article is that deficiencies in the protection of the confidentiality of genomic information and limitations in data sharing severely weaken the objectives and scope of the Genomic Sovereignty Act. In addition, the Act may compromise the national biomedical development and the international cooperation for research and development in the field of human genomics.

  10. Bap31 enhances the ER export and quality control of human class I MHC molecules

    PubMed Central

    Ladasky, John J.; Boyle, Sarah; Seth, Malini; Li, Hewang; Pentcheva, Tsvetelina; Abe, Fumiyoshi; Steinberg, Steven J.; Edidin, Michael

    2006-01-01

    The assembly of class I MHC molecules and their export from the endoplasmic reticulum is governed by chaperones and accessory proteins. We present evidence that the putative cargo receptor protein Bap31 participates in the transport and the quality control of human class I molecules. Transfection of the human adenocarcinoma cell line HeLa with YFP-Bap31 chimeras increased surface levels of class I in a dose-dependent manner, by as much as 3.7-fold. The increase in surface class I resulted from an increase in the rate of export of newly-synthesized class I molecules to the cell surface and from an increase in the stability of the exported molecules. We propose that Bap31 performs quality control on class I molecules in two distinct phases: first, by exporting peptide-loaded class I molecules to the ERGIC and second, by retrieving class I molecules which have lost peptides in the acidic post-ER environment. This function of Bap31 is conditional or redundant, since we find that Bap31 deficiency does not reduce surface class I levels. Overexpression of the Bap31 homolog, Bap29, decreases surface class levels in HeLa, indicating that it does not substitute for Bap31. PMID:17056546

  11. 78 FR 70917 - Emerging Technology and Research Advisory Committee; Notice of Open Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-27

    ... to deemed exports. Agenda Thursday, December 19 Open Session 1. Opening Remarks and Comments 2. Discussion on status of the Export Control Reform Initiative 3. Emerging Technology Issues --Harmonization of...

  12. Export Controls and Nonproliferation Policy

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-05-01

    Export Control Classification Numbers ( ECCNs ). The ECCNs do not correspond one-for-one to single commodity technology, or software items: in some...cases an ECCN covers only a single, narrowly defined item, but in many cases multiple related items fall under the same ECCN . The reason for control of...each ECCN category may be single or multiple (e.g., for both National Security and Nuclear Proliferation) but the reason(s) listed may in fact apply

  13. Spatial Patterns in the Efficiency of the Biological Pump: What Controls Export Ratios at the Global Scale?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moore, J. K.

    2016-02-01

    The efficiency of the biological pump is influenced by complex interactions between chemical, biological, and physical processes. The efficiency of export out of surface waters and down through the water column to the deep ocean has been linked to a number of factors including biota community composition, production of mineral ballast components, physical aggregation and disaggregation processes, and ocean oxygen concentrations. I will examine spatial patterns in the export ratio and the efficiency of the biological pump at the global scale using the Community Earth System Model (CESM). There are strong spatial variations in the export efficiency as simulated by the CESM, which are strongly correlated with new nutrient inputs to the euphotic zone and their impacts on phytoplankton community structure. I will compare CESM simulations that include dynamic, variable export ratios driven by the phytoplankton community structure, with simulations that impose a near-constant export ratio to examine the effects of export efficiency on nutrient and surface chlorophyll distributions. The model predicted export ratios will also be compared with recent satellite-based estimates.

  14. In Vitro Reconstitution of Functional Type III Protein Export and Insights into Flagellar Assembly.

    PubMed

    Terashima, Hiroyuki; Kawamoto, Akihiro; Tatsumi, Chinatsu; Namba, Keiichi; Minamino, Tohru; Imada, Katsumi

    2018-06-26

    The type III secretion system (T3SS) forms the functional core of injectisomes, protein transporters that allow bacteria to deliver virulence factors into their hosts for infection, and flagella, which are critical for many pathogens to reach the site of infection. In spite of intensive genetic and biochemical studies, the T3SS protein export mechanism remains unclear due to the difficulty of accurate measurement of protein export in vivo Here, we developed an in vitro flagellar T3S protein transport assay system using an inverted cytoplasmic membrane vesicle (IMV) for accurate and controlled measurements of flagellar protein export. We show that the flagellar T3SS in the IMV fully retains export activity. The flagellar hook was constructed inside the lumen of the IMV by adding purified component proteins externally to the IMV solution. We reproduced the hook length control and export specificity switch in the IMV consistent with that seen in the native cell. Previous in vivo analyses showed that flagellar protein export is driven by proton motive force (PMF) and facilitated by ATP hydrolysis by FliI, a T3SS-specific ATPase. Our in vitro assay recapitulated these previous in vivo observations but furthermore clearly demonstrated that even ATP hydrolysis by FliI alone can drive flagellar protein export. Moreover, this assay showed that addition of the FliH 2 /FliI complex to the assay solution at a concentration similar to that in the cell dramatically enhanced protein export, confirming that the FliH 2 /FliI complex in the cytoplasm is important for effective protein transport. IMPORTANCE The type III secretion system (T3SS) is the functional core of the injectisome, a bacterial protein transporter used to deliver virulence proteins into host cells, and bacterial flagella, critical for many pathogens. The molecular mechanism of protein transport is still unclear due to difficulties in accurate measurements of protein transport under well-controlled conditions in vivo We succeeded in developing an in vitro transport assay system of the flagellar T3SS using inverted membrane vesicles (IMVs). Flagellar hook formation was reproduced in the IMV, suggesting that the export apparatus in the IMV retains a protein transport activity similar to that in the cell. Using this system, we revealed that ATP hydrolysis by the T3SS ATPase can drive protein export without PMF. Copyright © 2018 Terashima et al.

  15. Analysis of streamflow distribution of non-point source nitrogen export from long-term urban-rural catchments to guide watershed management in the Chesapeake Bay watershed

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Duncan, J. M.; Band, L. E.; Groffman, P.

    2017-12-01

    Discharge, land use, and watershed management practices (stream restoration and stormwater control measures) have been found to be important determinants of nitrogen (N) export to receiving waters. We used long-term water quality stations from the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Long-Term Ecological Research (BES LTER) Site to quantify nitrogen export across streamflow conditions at the small watershed scale. We calculated nitrate and total nitrogen fluxes using methodology that allows for changes over time; weighted regressions on time, discharge, and seasonality. Here we tested the hypotheses that a) while the largest N stream fluxes occur during storm events, there is not a clear relationship between N flux and discharge and b) N export patterns are aseasonal in developed watersheds where sources are larger and retention capacity is lower. The goal is to scale understanding from small watersheds to larger ones. Developing a better understanding of hydrologic controls on nitrogen export is essential for successful adaptive watershed management at societally meaningful spatial scales.

  16. 78 FR 23675 - Importation of Defense Articles and Defense Services-U.S. Munitions Import List (2011R-20P)

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-22

    ... No. ATF-50F; AG Order No. 3383-2013] RIN 1140-AA46 Importation of Defense Articles and Defense... pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act (AECA) and Executive Order 13637 to designate defense articles and... whether the Secretary of State controls such defense articles or defense services for purposes of export...

  17. 15 CFR Supplement No. 1 to Part 710 - States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... (EAR) (15 CFR parts 730 through 774). ** For export control purposes, Cook Islands and Niue are not... as New Zealand, in accordance with § 738.3(b) of the EAR. *** For CWC States Parties purposes, a... * For export control purposes, these destinations are identified using a different nomenclature under...

  18. 15 CFR Supplement No. 1 to Part 710 - States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... (EAR) (15 CFR parts 730 through 774). ** For export control purposes, Cook Islands and Niue are not... as New Zealand, in accordance with § 738.3(b) of the EAR. *** For CWC States Parties purposes, a... * For export control purposes, these destinations are identified using a different nomenclature under...

  19. 15 CFR Supplement No. 1 to Part 710 - States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... (EAR) (15 CFR parts 730 through 774). ** For export control purposes, Cook Islands and Niue are not... as New Zealand, in accordance with § 738.3(b) of the EAR. *** For CWC States Parties purposes, a... * For export control purposes, these destinations are identified using a different nomenclature under...

  20. Variable flushing mechanisms and landscape structure control stream DOC export during snowmelt in a set of nested catchments

    Treesearch

    Vincent J. Pacific; Kelsey G. Jencso; Brian L. McGlynn

    2010-01-01

    Stream DOC dynamics during snowmelt have been the focus of much research, and numerous DOC mobilization and delivery mechanisms from riparian and upland areas have been proposed. However, landscape structure controls on DOC export from riparian and upland landscape elements remains poorly understood. We investigated stream and groundwater DOC dynamics across three...

  1. 3 CFR - Eligibility of the Economic Community of Central African States To Receive Defense Articles and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., as Amended, and the Arms Export Control Act, as Amended Presidential Documents Other Presidential... Assistance Act of 1961, as Amended, and the Arms Export Control Act, as Amended Memorandum for the Secretary..., including section 503(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and section 3(a)(1) of the Arms...

  2. 48 CFR 252.225-7048 - Export-Controlled Items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...) “Defense items,” defined in the Arms Export Control Act, 22 U.S.C. 2778(j)(4)(A), as defense articles, defense services, and related technical data, and further defined in the ITAR, 22 CFR Part 120; and (2) “Items,” defined in the EAR as “commodities”, “software”, and “technology,” terms that are also defined...

  3. 48 CFR 252.225-7048 - Export-Controlled Items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...) “Defense items,” defined in the Arms Export Control Act, 22 U.S.C. 2778(j)(4)(A), as defense articles, defense services, and related technical data, and further defined in the ITAR, 22 CFR Part 120; and (2) “Items,” defined in the EAR as “commodities”, “software”, and “technology,” terms that are also defined...

  4. 77 FR 6782 - In the Matter of: Kok Tong Lim, a/k/a Thomas Lim Blk 258A Compassvale Road #07-551 Singapore...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-09

    ... (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq. (2000)) (``IEEPA''). Specifically, Lim conspired to illegally export wound... the Internal Security Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 783(b)), or section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22... Export Administration Act (50 U.S.C. app. Sec. Sec. 2401-2420 (2000)) (``EAA''). Since August 21, 2001...

  5. Arms Sales: Congressional Review Process

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-12-17

    the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), Congress must be formally notified 30 calendar days before the Administration can take the final steps to...Commercially licensed arms sales also must be formally notified to Congress 30 calendar days before the export license is issued if they involve the sale...also be formally notified to Congress for review 30 days prior to the license for export being approved. In the case of proposed licences for such

  6. 48 CFR 204.7301 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Definitions. 204.7301 Section 204.7301 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Export-Controlled Items 204.7301 Definitions. Export...

  7. 48 CFR 204.7301 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 204.7301 Section 204.7301 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Export-Controlled Items 204.7301 Definitions. Export...

  8. 48 CFR 204.7301 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions. 204.7301 Section 204.7301 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Export-Controlled Items 204.7301 Definitions. Export...

  9. 75 FR 11113 - Action Affecting Export Privileges; Aviation Services International, B.V.

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-10

    ... the United States on behalf of Iranian customers and give U.S. manufacturers false information regarding the ultimate destination, end user, and end use of the items, thereby causing false export control...

  10. NAS Panel faults export controls

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Katzoff, Judith A.

    A study prepared by a top-level panel says that current export controls on militarily sensitive U.S. technology may be “overcorrecting” previous weaknesses in that system, resulting in “a complex and confusing control system” that makes it more difficult for U.S. businesses to compete in international markets. Moreover, this control system has “an increasingly corrosive effect” on U.S. relations with allies. The panel recommended that the United States concentrate more effort on bringing about uniformity in the export control policies of countries belonging to the Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls (CoCom), i.e., most of the member nations in NATO (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and Japan.The 21-member panel was appointed by the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (COSEPUP), a joint unit of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and the Institute of Medicine (IOM). The panel, composed of administrators, researchers, and former government officials, was chaired by AGU member Lew Allen, Jr., director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Pasadena, Calif.) and former chief of staff of the U.S. Air Force. Their report was supported by NAS funds, by a number of private organizations (including AGU), by the U.S. Departments of Commerce, Defense, Energy, and State, by the National Science Foundation, and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

  11. Quantifying the time lag between organic matter production and export in the surface ocean: Implications for estimates of export efficiency

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stange, P.; Bach, L. T.; Le Moigne, F. A. C.; Taucher, J.; Boxhammer, T.; Riebesell, U.

    2017-01-01

    The ocean's potential to export carbon to depth partly depends on the fraction of primary production (PP) sinking out of the euphotic zone (i.e., the e-ratio). Measurements of PP and export flux are often performed simultaneously in the field, although there is a temporal delay between those parameters. Thus, resulting e-ratio estimates often incorrectly assume an instantaneous downward export of PP to export flux. Evaluating results from four mesocosm studies, we find that peaks in organic matter sedimentation lag chlorophyll a peaks by 2 to 15 days. We discuss the implications of these time lags (TLs) for current e-ratio estimates and evaluate potential controls of TL. Our analysis reveals a strong correlation between TL and the duration of chlorophyll a buildup, indicating a dependency of TL on plankton food web dynamics. This study is one step further toward time-corrected e-ratio estimates.

  12. The temperature-ballast hypothesis explains carbon export efficiency observations in the Southern Ocean

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Britten, Gregory L.; Wakamatsu, Lael; Primeau, François W.

    2017-02-01

    Carbon export from the Southern Ocean exerts a strong control on the ocean carbon sink, yet recent observations from the region demonstrate poorly understood relationships in which carbon export efficiency is weakly related to temperature. These observations conflict with traditional theory where export efficiency increases in colder waters. A recently proposed "temperature-ballast hypothesis" suggests an explanatory mechanism where the effect of temperature-dependent respiration is masked by variation in particle-ballast as upwelling waters move northward from Antarctica. We use observations and statistical models to test this mechanism and find positive support for the hypothesized temperature-ballast interactions. Best fitting models indicate a significant relation between export efficiency and silica-ballast while simultaneously revealing the expected inverse effect of temperature once ballast is accounted for. These findings reconcile model predictions, metabolic theory, and carbon export observations in the Southern Ocean and have consequences for how the ocean carbon sink responds to climate change.

  13. Effects of different N sources on riverine DIN export and retention in a subtropical high-standing island, Taiwan

    PubMed Central

    Huang, Jr-Chuan; Lee, Tsung-Yu; Lin, Teng-Chiu; Hein, Thomas; Lee, Li-Chin; Shih, Yu-Ting; Kao, Shuh-Ji; Shiah, Fuh-Kwo; Lin, Neng-Huei

    2016-01-01

    Increases in nitrogen (N) availability and mobility resulting from anthropogenic activities have substantially altered the N cycle, both locally and globally. Taiwan characterized by the subtropical montane landscape with abundant rainfall, downwind of the most rapidly industrializing eastern coast of China, can be a demonstration site for extremely high N input and riverine DIN (dissolved inorganic N) export. We used 49 watersheds with similar climatic and landscape settings but classified into low, moderate, and highly disturbed categories based on population density to illustrate their differences in nitrogen inputs (through atmospheric N deposition, synthetic fertilizers, and human emission) and DIN export ratios. Our results showed that the island-wide average riverine DIN export is ~ 3800 kg N km−2 yr−1, approximately 18 times the global average. The average riverine DIN export ratios are 0.30−0.51, which are much higher than the averages of 0.20−0.25 of large rivers around the world, indicating excessive N input relative to ecosystem demand or retention capacity. The low disturbed watersheds have a high N retention capacity and DIN export ratios of 0.06−0.18 in spite of the high N input (~ 4900 kg N km−2 yr−1). The high retention capacity is likely due to effective uptake by secondary forests in the watersheds. The moderately disturbed watersheds show a linear increase in DIN export with increases in total N inputs and mean DIN export ratios of 0.20 to 0.31. The main difference in land use between low and moderately disturbed watersheds is the greater proportion of agricultural land cover in the moderately disturbed watersheds. Thus, their greater DIN export could be attributed to N fertilizers used in the agricultural lands. The greater export ratios also imply that agricultural lands have a lower proportional N retention capacity and that reforestation could be an effective land management practice to reduce riverine DIN export. The export ratios of the highly disturbed watersheds are very high, 0.42–0.53, suggesting that much of the N input is transported downstream directly, and urges the need to increase the proportion of households connected to a sewage system and improve the effectiveness of wastewater treatment systems. The increases in the riverine DIN export ratio along the gradient of human disturbance also suggest a gradient in N saturation in subtropical Taiwan. Our results help to improve our understanding of factors controlling riverine DIN export and provide empirical evidence that calls for sound N emission/pollution control measures. PMID:27212969

  14. Effects of different N sources on riverine DIN export and retention in a subtropical high-standing island, Taiwan.

    PubMed

    Huang, Jr-Chuan; Lee, Tsung-Yu; Lin, Teng-Chiu; Hein, Thomas; Lee, Li-Chin; Shih, Yu-Ting; Kao, Shuh-Ji; Shiah, Fuh-Kwo; Lin, Neng-Huei

    Increases in nitrogen (N) availability and mobility resulting from anthropogenic activities have substantially altered the N cycle, both locally and globally. Taiwan characterized by the subtropical montane landscape with abundant rainfall, downwind of the most rapidly industrializing eastern coast of China, can be a demonstration site for extremely high N input and riverine DIN (dissolved inorganic N) export. We used 49 watersheds with similar climatic and landscape settings but classified into low, moderate, and highly disturbed categories based on population density to illustrate their differences in nitrogen inputs (through atmospheric N deposition, synthetic fertilizers, and human emission) and DIN export ratios. Our results showed that the island-wide average riverine DIN export is ~ 3800 kg N km -2 yr -1 , approximately 18 times the global average. The average riverine DIN export ratios are 0.30-0.51, which are much higher than the averages of 0.20-0.25 of large rivers around the world, indicating excessive N input relative to ecosystem demand or retention capacity. The low disturbed watersheds have a high N retention capacity and DIN export ratios of 0.06-0.18 in spite of the high N input (~ 4900 kg N km -2 yr -1 ). The high retention capacity is likely due to effective uptake by secondary forests in the watersheds. The moderately disturbed watersheds show a linear increase in DIN export with increases in total N inputs and mean DIN export ratios of 0.20 to 0.31. The main difference in land use between low and moderately disturbed watersheds is the greater proportion of agricultural land cover in the moderately disturbed watersheds. Thus, their greater DIN export could be attributed to N fertilizers used in the agricultural lands. The greater export ratios also imply that agricultural lands have a lower proportional N retention capacity and that reforestation could be an effective land management practice to reduce riverine DIN export. The export ratios of the highly disturbed watersheds are very high, 0.42-0.53, suggesting that much of the N input is transported downstream directly, and urges the need to increase the proportion of households connected to a sewage system and improve the effectiveness of wastewater treatment systems. The increases in the riverine DIN export ratio along the gradient of human disturbance also suggest a gradient in N saturation in subtropical Taiwan. Our results help to improve our understanding of factors controlling riverine DIN export and provide empirical evidence that calls for sound N emission/pollution control measures.

  15. Effects of different N sources on riverine DIN export and retention in a subtropical high-standing island, Taiwan

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Huang-Chuan, Jr.; Lee, Tsung-Yu; Lin, Teng-Chiu; Hein, Thomas; Lee, Li-Chin; Shih, Yu-Ting; Kao, Shuh-Ji; Shiah, Fuh-Kwo; Lin, Neng-Huei

    2016-03-01

    Increases in nitrogen (N) availability and mobility resulting from anthropogenic activities have substantially altered the N cycle, both locally and globally. Taiwan characterized by the subtropical montane landscape with abundant rainfall, downwind of the most rapidly industrializing eastern coast of China, can be a demonstration site for extremely high N input and riverine DIN (dissolved inorganic N) export. We used 49 watersheds with similar climatic and landscape settings but classified into low, moderate, and highly disturbed categories based on population density to illustrate their differences in nitrogen inputs (through atmospheric N deposition, synthetic fertilizers, and human emission) and DIN export ratios. Our results showed that the island-wide average riverine DIN export is ˜ 3800 kg N km-2 yr-1, approximately 18 times the global average. The average riverine DIN export ratios are 0.30-0.51, which are much higher than the averages of 0.20-0.25 of large rivers around the world, indicating excessive N input relative to ecosystem demand or retention capacity. The low disturbed watersheds have a high N retention capacity and DIN export ratios of 0.06-0.18 in spite of the high N input (˜ 4900 kg N km-2 yr-1). The high retention capacity is likely due to effective uptake by secondary forests in the watersheds. The moderately disturbed watersheds show a linear increase in DIN export with increases in total N inputs and mean DIN export ratios of 0.20 to 0.31. The main difference in land use between low and moderately disturbed watersheds is the greater proportion of agricultural land cover in the moderately disturbed watersheds. Thus, their greater DIN export could be attributed to N fertilizers used in the agricultural lands. The greater export ratios also imply that agricultural lands have a lower proportional N retention capacity and that reforestation could be an effective land management practice to reduce riverine DIN export. The export ratios of the highly disturbed watersheds are very high, 0.42-0.53, suggesting that much of the N input is transported downstream directly, and urges the need to increase the proportion of households connected to a sewage system and improve the effectiveness of wastewater treatment systems. The increases in the riverine DIN export ratio along the gradient of human disturbance also suggest a gradient in N saturation in subtropical Taiwan. Our results help to improve our understanding of factors controlling riverine DIN export and provide empirical evidence that calls for sound N emission/pollution control measures.

  16. Control of nuclear β-dystroglycan content is crucial for the maintenance of nuclear envelope integrity and function.

    PubMed

    Vélez-Aguilera, Griselda; de Dios Gómez-López, Juan; Jiménez-Gutiérrez, Guadalupe E; Vásquez-Limeta, Alejandra; Laredo-Cisneros, Marco S; Gómez, Pablo; Winder, Steve J; Cisneros, Bulmaro

    2018-02-01

    β-Dystroglycan (β-DG) is a plasma membrane protein that has ability to target to the nuclear envelope (NE) to maintain nuclear architecture. Nevertheless, mechanisms controlling β-DG nuclear localization and the physiological consequences of a failure of trafficking are largely unknown. We show that β-DG has a nuclear export pathway in myoblasts that depends on the recognition of a nuclear export signal located in its transmembrane domain, by CRM1. Remarkably, NES mutations forced β-DG nuclear accumulation resulting in mislocalization and decreased levels of emerin and lamin B1 and disruption of various nuclear processes in which emerin (centrosome-nucleus linkage and β-catenin transcriptional activity) and lamin B1 (cell cycle progression and nucleoli structure) are critically involved. In addition to nuclear export, the lifespan of nuclear β-DG is restricted by its nuclear proteasomal degradation. Collectively our data show that control of nuclear β-DG content by the combination of CRM1 nuclear export and nuclear proteasome pathways is physiologically relevant to preserve proper NE structure and activity. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  17. Forward Deployed Naval Forces in the Republic of the Philippines

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-06-10

    School , accessed December 9, 2015, http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/phil001.asp. 2 United States of America and Republic of the Philippines ... Philippines in U.S. Naval Forward Presence” (Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School , Monterey, CA, 2001), 27. 30 Garcia, 28. 31 Office of Naval...the Philippines . In the past decade, China’s market has become one of the top three export markets in the region, competing with the United States

  18. Daily Report, Supplement, East Europe.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-07-22

    political refu- gee." This is because the law currently in effect permits granting "the status" also for humanitarian reasons. "One can subsume a lot under...to explain precisely the concrete meaning of it. Perhaps the only sure thing is that our statute expected to go into effect in 1994 will not be...export receivables. Creating a system of refinancing is only effective if the costs of refinancing are cheaper for commercial banks than if they

  19. 78 FR 70916 - Regulations and Procedures Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-27

    ... Session 1. Opening remarks by the Chairman. 2. Opening remarks by Bureau of Industry and Security. 3. Export Enforcement update. 4. Regulations update. 5. Update on Export Control Reform Training for Customs...

  20. The export and fate of organic matter in the ocean: New constraints from combining satellite and oceanographic tracer observations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    DeVries, Tim; Weber, Thomas

    2017-03-01

    The ocean's biological pump transfers carbon from the surface euphotic zone into the deep ocean, reducing the atmospheric CO2 concentration. Despite its climatic importance, there are large uncertainties in basic metrics of the biological pump. Previous estimates of the strength of the biological pump, as measured by the amount of organic carbon exported from the euphotic zone, range from about 4 to 12 Pg C yr-1. The fate of exported carbon, in terms of how efficiently it is transferred into the deep ocean, is even more uncertain. Here we present a new model of the biological pump that assimilates satellite and oceanographic tracer observations to constrain rates and patterns of organic matter production, export, and remineralization in the ocean. The data-assimilated model predicts a global particulate organic carbon (POC) flux out of the euphotic zone of ˜9 Pg C yr-1. The particle export ratio (the ratio of POC export to net primary production) is highest at high latitudes and lowest at low latitudes, but low-latitude export is greater than predicted by previous models, in better agreement with observed patterns of long-term carbon export. Particle transfer efficiency (Teff) through the mesopelagic zone is controlled by temperature and oxygen, with highest Teff for high-latitude regions and oxygen minimum zones. In contrast, Teff in the deep ocean (below 1000 m) is controlled by particle sinking speed, with highest deep ocean Teff below the subtropical gyres. These results emphasize the utility of both remote sensing and oceanographic tracer observations for constraining the operation of the biological pump.

  1. 76 FR 68675 - Revisions to the Export Administration Regulations (EAR): Control of Aircraft and Related Items...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-07

    ...(g) of the July 15 proposed rule) and all other 600 series items if, at the time of export, reexport... designed'' for a defense article would become subject to the new 600 series controls on the CCL as... the extent an item is ``specially designed'' for a military use, it is subject to a 600 series ECCN in...

  2. 22 CFR 124.15 - Special Export Controls for Defense Articles and Defense Services Controlled under Category XV...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... country (including a post liftoff failure to reach proper orbit)— (1) The activities of U.S. persons or... must identify the U.S. Government officials familiar with the preparation of the draft TTCPs. The TTCP must require any U.S. person or entity involved in the export to notify the Department of Defense in...

  3. 22 CFR 124.15 - Special Export Controls for Defense Articles and Defense Services Controlled under Category XV...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... country (including a post liftoff failure to reach proper orbit)— (1) The activities of U.S. persons or... must identify the U.S. Government officials familiar with the preparation of the draft TTCPs. The TTCP must require any U.S. person or entity involved in the export to notify the Department of Defense in...

  4. 22 CFR 124.15 - Special Export Controls for Defense Articles and Defense Services Controlled under Category XV...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... country (including a post liftoff failure to reach proper orbit)— (1) The activities of U.S. persons or... must identify the U.S. Government officials familiar with the preparation of the draft TTCPs. The TTCP must require any U.S. person or entity involved in the export to notify the Department of Defense in...

  5. 22 CFR 124.15 - Special Export Controls for Defense Articles and Defense Services Controlled under Category XV...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... country (including a post liftoff failure to reach proper orbit)— (1) The activities of U.S. persons or... must identify the U.S. Government officials familiar with the preparation of the draft TTCPs. The TTCP must require any U.S. person or entity involved in the export to notify the Department of Defense in...

  6. 22 CFR 124.15 - Special Export Controls for Defense Articles and Defense Services Controlled under Category XV...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... country (including a post liftoff failure to reach proper orbit)— (1) The activities of U.S. persons or... must identify the U.S. Government officials familiar with the preparation of the draft TTCPs. The TTCP must require any U.S. person or entity involved in the export to notify the Department of Defense in...

  7. Inhibition of mRNA export in vertebrate cells by nuclear export signal conjugates

    PubMed Central

    Pasquinelli, Amy E.; Powers, Maureen A.; Lund, Elsebet; Forbes, Douglass; Dahlberg, James E.

    1997-01-01

    Leucine-rich nuclear export signals (NESs) are recognized by the NES receptor exportin 1 and are central to the export of multiple shuttling proteins and RNAs. The export of messenger RNA in vertebrates was, however, thought to occur by a different pathway, because inhibition by injection of a synthetic Rev NES conjugate could not be demonstrated. Here we find that peptide conjugates composed of the NES of either protein kinase A inhibitor protein (PKI) or the HIV-1 Rev protein, when coupled to human serum albumin, are potent inhibitors of mRNA and small nuclear RNA export. These results provide direct evidence that mRNA export in vertebrates depends on interactions between an NES and its cognate NES receptors. PKI NES conjugates are significantly more efficient at inhibiting RNA export than are REV NES conjugates, indicating that different NESs may have different abilities to promote protein and RNA export. Surprisingly, an expected control conjugate containing the mutant Rev NES sequence M10 strongly inhibited the export of intronless dihydrofolate reductase mRNA. Nuclear injection of NES peptide conjugates led to mislocalization to the nucleus of 10–20% of the cytoplasmic Ran GTPase-binding protein (RanBP1) indicating that RanBP1 shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm via an NES pathway. These results demonstrate that in vertebrates the export of mRNA, like that of small nuclear RNA, 5S rRNA, and transport factors such as RanBP1, employs NES-mediated molecular machinery. PMID:9405623

  8. Mercury exports from a High-Arctic river basin in Northeast Greenland (74°N) largely controlled by glacial lake outburst floods.

    PubMed

    Søndergaard, Jens; Tamstorf, Mikkel; Elberling, Bo; Larsen, Martin M; Mylius, Maria Rask; Lund, Magnus; Abermann, Jakob; Rigét, Frank

    2015-05-01

    Riverine mercury (Hg) export dynamics from the Zackenberg River Basin (ZRB) in Northeast Greenland were studied for the period 2009-2013. Dissolved and sediment-bound Hg was measured regularly in the Zackenberg River throughout the periods with running water (June-October) and coupled to water discharge measurements. Also, a few samples of snow, soil, and permafrost were analysed for Hg. Mean concentrations of dissolved and sediment-bound Hg in the river water (±SD) were 0.39 ± 0.13 and 5.5 ± 1.4 ngL(-1), respectively, and mean concentrations of Hg in the river sediment were 0.033 ± 0.025 mg kg(-1). Temporal variations in river Hg were mainly associated with snowmelt, sudden erosion events, and outburst floods from a glacier-dammed lake in the upper part of the ZRB. Annual Hg exports from the 514 km(2) ZRB varied from 0.71 to >1.57 kg and the majority (86-96%) was associated with sediment-bound Hg. Hg yields from the ZRB varied from 1.4-3.1 gH gk m(-2)yr(-1) and were among the highest yields reported from Arctic river basins. River exports of Hg from ZRB were found to be largely controlled by the frequency, magnitude and timing of the glacial lake outburst floods, which occurred in four of the five years in July-August. Floods accounted for 5 to >10% of the annual water discharge, and up to >31% of the annual Hg export. Also, the winter snowfall and the summer temperatures were found to be important indirect controls on the annual Hg export. The occurrence and timing of glacial lake outburst floods in the ZRB in late summer at the time of maximum soil thaw depth, the location of the glacier in the upper ZRB, and increased thawing of the permafrost in Zackenberg in recent years leading to destabilisation of river banks are considered central factors explaining the high fraction of flood-controlled Hg export in this area. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. 19 CFR 192.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... (CONTINUED) EXPORT CONTROL Exportation of Used Self-Propelled Vehicles, Vessels, and Aircraft § 192.1... entered into the commerce of a foreign country. Self-propelled vehicle. “Self-propelled vehicle” includes any automobile, truck, tractor, bus, motorcycle, motor home, self-propelled agricultural machinery...

  10. 19 CFR 192.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... (CONTINUED) EXPORT CONTROL Exportation of Used Self-Propelled Vehicles, Vessels, and Aircraft § 192.1... entered into the commerce of a foreign country. Self-propelled vehicle. “Self-propelled vehicle” includes any automobile, truck, tractor, bus, motorcycle, motor home, self-propelled agricultural machinery...

  11. AKT3 controls mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy via regulation of the major nuclear export protein CRM-1

    PubMed Central

    Corum, Daniel G.; Tsichlis, Philip N.; Muise-Helmericks, Robin C.

    2014-01-01

    Our previous work has shown that Akt3 is required for mitochondrial biogenesis in primary human endothelial cells (ECs) and in Akt3-null mice; Akt3 affects subcellular localization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1α), the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. The purpose of this study is to determine the mechanism by which Akt3 controls the subcellular distribution of PGC-1α and to explore the effect on mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover during angiogenesis. Here we use standard biochemical analyses and Akt3-knockdown strategies to show that Akt3 controls the stabilization of chromosome maintenance region-1 (CRM-1), the major nuclear export receptor. Site-directed mutagenesis and association analyses show that PGC-1α nuclear export is CRM-1 dependent. Akt3 knockdown and CRM-1 overexpression cause 3-fold reductions in PGC-1α target gene expression, compared to control levels. Akt3 inhibition causes autophagy, as measured by autophagosome formation, in a CRM-1-dependent, Akt1/mTOR-independent pathway. In vivo, Akt3-null and heterozygous mice show dose-dependent decreases in angiogenesis compared to wild-type littermates (∼5- and 2.5-fold decreases, respectively), as assessed by Matrigel plug assays. This correlates with an ∼1.5-fold decrease in mitochondrial Cox IV expression. Our studies suggest that Akt3 is a regulator of mitochondrial dynamics in the vasculature via regulation of CRM-1-dependent nuclear export.—Corum, D. G., Tsichlis, P. N., Muise-Helmericks, R. C. AKT3 controls mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy via regulation of the major nuclear export protein CRM-1. PMID:24081905

  12. Military Standard. Marking Technical Data Prepared by or for the Department of Defense

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-02-01

    Regulations f. ECCN - Export Commodity Control Number g. ED - Executive Order h. FOIA - Freedom of Information Act i. IEP - International Exchange...critical are explicitly covered in the CCL, ",, the Export Commodity Control Number ( ECCN ) reference is provided. In o~ner cases where the ECCN statement...controlling mechanism is in supplement three of the EAR. 3,7 MIL-STD-1806 APPENDIX B A listing such as " ECCN 1355A" means the technology is specifically

  13. Twelve year interannual and seasonal variability of stream carbon export from a boreal peatland catchment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Leach, J. A.; Larsson, A.; Wallin, M. B.; Nilsson, M. B.; Laudon, H.

    2016-07-01

    Understanding stream carbon export dynamics is needed to accurately predict how the carbon balance of peatland catchments will respond to climatic and environmental change. We used a 12 year record (2003-2014) of continuous streamflow and manual spot measurements of total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), methane (CH4), and organic carbon quality (carbon-specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm per dissolved organic carbon) to assess interannual and seasonal variability in stream carbon export for a peatland catchment (70% mire and 30% forest cover) in northern Sweden. Mean annual total carbon export for the 12 year period was 12.2 gCm-2 yr-1, but individual years ranged between 6 and 18 gCm-2 yr-1. TOC, which was primarily composed of dissolved organic carbon (>99%), was the dominant form of carbon being exported, comprising 63% to 79% of total annual exports, and DIC contributed between 19% and 33%. CH4 made up less than 5% of total export. When compared to previously published annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE) for the studied peatland system, stream carbon export typically accounted for 12 to 50% of NEE for most years. However, in 2006 stream carbon export accounted for 63 to 90% (estimated uncertainty range) of NEE due to a dry summer which suppressed NEE, followed by a wet autumn that resulted in considerable stream export. Runoff exerted a primary control on stream carbon export from this catchment; however, our findings suggest that seasonal variations in biologic and hydrologic processes responsible for production and transport of carbon within the peatland were secondary influences on stream carbon export. Consideration of these seasonal dynamics is needed when predicting stream carbon export response to environmental change.

  14. Effects of different N sources on riverine DIN export and retention in subtropical high-standing island, Taiwan

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Huang, J.-C.; Lee, T.-Y.; Lin, T.-C.; Hein, T.; Lee, L.-C.; Shih, Y.-T.; Kao, S.-J.; Shiah, F.-K.; Lin, N.-H.

    2015-10-01

    Increases in nitrogen (N) availability and mobility resulting from anthropogenic activities has substantially altered N cycle both locally and globally. Taiwan characterized by the subtropical montane landscape with abundant rainfall, downwind to the most rapidly industrializing east coast of China can be a demonstration site for extreme high N input and riverine DIN (dissolved inorganic N) export. We used 49 watersheds classified into low-, moderate-, and highly-disturbed categories based on population density to illustrate their differences in nitrogen inputs through atmospheric N deposition, synthetic fertilizers and human emission and DIN export ratios. Our results showed that the island-wide average riverine DIN export is ~ 3800 kg N km-2 yr-1, approximately 18-fold higher than the global average mostly due to the large input of synthetic fertilizers. The average riverine DIN export ratio is 0.30-0.51, which is much higher than the average of 0.20-0.25 of large rivers around the world indicating excessive N input relative to ecosystem demand or retention capacity. The low-disturbed watersheds, despite of high N input, only export 0.06-0.18 of the input so were well buffered to changes in input quantity suggesting high efficiency of nitrogen usage or high N retention capacity of the less disturbed watersheds. The high retention capacity probably is due to the effective uptake by secondary forests in the watersheds. The moderate-disturbed watersheds show a linear increase of output with increases in total N inputs and a mean DIN export ratio of 0.20 to 0.31. The main difference in land use between low and moderately disturbed watershed is the relative proportions of agricultural land and forests, not the built-up lands. Thus, their greater DIN export quantity could be attributed to N fertilizers used in the agricultural lands. The greater export ratios also imply that agricultural lands have lower proportional N retention capacity and that reforestation could be an effective land management practice to reduce riverine DIN export. The export ratio of the highly-disturbed watersheds is 0.42-0.53, which is very high and suggests that much of the N input is transported downstream and the need of improvement in wastewater treatment capacity or sewerage systems. The increases in riverine DIN export ratio along with the gradient of human disturbance indicates a gradient in N saturation in subtropical Taiwan. Our results help to understand factors controlling riverine DIN export and provide a sound basis for N emissions/pollution control.

  15. Carbon fluxes in the Arabian Sea: Export versus recycling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rixen, Tim; Gaye, Birgit; Ramaswamy, Venkitasubramani

    2016-04-01

    The organic carbon pump strongly influences the exchange of carbon between the ocean and the atmosphere. It is known that it responds to global change but the magnitude and the direction of change are still unpredictable. Sediment trap experiments carried out at various sites in the Arabian Sea between 1986 and 1998 have shown differences in the functioning of the organic carbon pump (OCP). An OCP driven by eukaryotic phytoplankton operated in the upwelling region off Oman and during the spring bloom in the northern Arabian Sea. Cyanobacteria capable of fixing nitrogen seem to dominate the phytoplankton community during all other seasons. The export driven by cyanobacteria was much lower than the export driven by eukaryotic phytoplankton. Productivity and nutrient availability seems to be a main factor controlling fluxes during blooms of eukaryotic phytoplankton. The ballast effect caused by inputs of dust into the ocean and its incorporation into sinking particles seems to be the main factor controlling the export during times when cyanobacteria dominate the phytoplankton community. C/N ratios of organic matter exported from blooms dominated by nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria are enhanced and, furthermore, indicate a more efficient recycling of nutrients at shallower water depth. This implies that the bacterial-driven OCP operates more in a recycling mode that keeps nutrients closer to the euphotic zone whereas the OCP driven by eukaryotic phytoplankton reduces the recycling of nutrients by exporting them into greater water-depth.

  16. Biogeochemical Process Comparison of the Five USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budget (WEBB) Sites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shanley, J. B.; Peters, N. E.; Aulenbach, B. T.; Blum, A. E.; Campbell, D. H.; Clow, D. W.; Larsen, M. C.; Mast, M. A.; Stallard, R. F.; Troester, J. W.; Walker, J. F.; Webb, R. M.; White, A. F.

    2001-12-01

    Input - output budgets (in wet deposition and streamwater) have been constructed for water and major solutes at the five USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budget (WEBB) sites for the period 1992-97 (Peters et al., 2000). In this poster we interpret the net chemical fluxes to identify the controlling biogeochemical processes, as influenced by the strong physical and biological contrasts (climate, geology, physiography, and vegetation types) in the five diverse environments. The five sites are: Allequash Creek, Wisconsin (low-relief humid continental forest); Andrews Creek, Colorado (cold alpine, taiga/tundra, and subalpine boreal forest); Icacos River, Puerto Rico (lower montane, wet tropical forest); Panola Mountain, Georgia (humid subtropical piedmont forest); and Sleepers River, Vermont (humid northern hardwood forest). Base cations and Si produced by chemical weathering displayed a net export at each site. The magnitude and stoichiometry of export reflects mineralogy, climate (temperature and rainfall), and water residence time in the subsurface. The lowest and highest mass export generally was for Andrews Creek and Icacos River, respectively, consistent with their extreme mean annual temperatures (0/degC in Colorado to 21/degC in Puerto Rico) and the limited residence time of meltwater at Andrews Creek. Calcite in bedrock at the three coldest watersheds caused somewhat higher relative export of Ca, especially at Sleepers River where calcite weathering is a dominant control on stream chemistry. In contrast, the high Mg content of the volcaniclastic rocks at Icacos River and glacial deposits at Allequash Creek caused disproportionately high Mg export relative to the other sites. Relatively high Na export at Panola Mountain and K export at Sleepers River are probably caused by plagioclase and biotite weathering, respectively. SO4 is retained at the two warmest sites, Panola Mountain and Icacos River. SO4 adsorption is known to limit SO4- export in highly weathered subtropical and tropical soils. At Sleepers River, net SO4 export occurs as a result of weathering of sulfide minerals in the bedrock, and correspondingly limited soil SO4 adsorption capacity. A small net export of SO4 occurs at Allequash Creek and Andrews Creek, but the SO4 may be in balance if dry deposition were added to the inputs. All sites except Icacos River retain NO3. At Andrews Creek and Sleepers River, net export of NO3 occurs during the peak snowmelt months, as soils are flushed during a time of low biological uptake. Additional analysis will be performed to evaluate the relative importance of temperature (affecting weathering rates and biological uptake) and water yield (i.e., the amount of water flushing through a catchment) in controlling solute fluxes.

  17. Semiconductor Technology and U.S. National Security

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-04-21

    control regime as hindrances to compete in the global market.45 Interestingly, DOD’s Defense Technology Security Administration ( DTSA ) reviews export...licenses and only advises DOS or DOC.46 DTSA has neither compliance nor enforcement authority. There is no lead organization or a centralized...which lists several semiconductor technologies, is out of date and not used, even by DOD’s DTSA .51 In order to remove certain export controls on

  18. Export Control Guide: Loose Parts Monitoring Systems for Nuclear Power Plants

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Langenberg, Donald W.

    2012-12-01

    This report describes a typical LPMS, emphasizing its application to the RCS of a modern NPP. The report also examines the versatility of AE monitoring technology by describing several nuclear applications other than loose parts monitoring, as well as some non-nuclear applications. In addition, LPMS implementation requirements are outlined, and LPMS suppliers are identified. Finally, U.S. export controls applicable to LPMSs are discussed.

  19. 78 FR 21346 - Emerging Technology and Research Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-10

    ...:30 a.m. 1. Opening Remarks. 2. Panel Discussion on Deemed Exports. 3. Emerging Technologies--Results..., April 26 Open Session: 8:30 a.m.-3:30 p.m. 1. Discussion on status of the Export Control Reform...

  20. Characteristics of Riverine DIN Export in Subtropical High-standing Island, Taiwan

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Huang, J. C.; Kao, S. J.; Lee, T. Y.; Lin, T. C.

    2016-12-01

    Increases in nitrogen (N) availability and mobility resulting from anthropogenic activities has substantially altered nitrogen cycle both locally and globally. Taiwan characterized by the subtropical montane landscape with abundant rainfall, downwind to the most rapidly industrializing east coast of China can be a demonstration site for extreme high N input and riverine DIN (dissolved inorganic N) export. We used 49 watersheds with similar climatic and landscape settings, but classified into low-, moderate-, and highly-disturbed categories based on population density to illustrate their differences in nitrogen inputs through atmospheric N deposition, synthetic fertilizer and human emission and DIN export ratios. Our results showed that the island-wide average riverine DIN export is 3800 kg-N/km2yr, approximately 18-fold higher than the global average mostly due to the large input of synthetic fertilizer. The average riverine DIN export ratio is 0.30-0.51, which is much higher than the average of 0.20-0.25 of large rivers around the world indicating excessive N input relative to ecosystem demand or retention capacity. The low-disturbed watersheds despite of high input only export 0.06-0.18 of the input and well buffered to changes in input quantity suggesting high efficiency of nitrogen usage or high N retention capacity of the less disturbed watersheds. The moderate-disturbed watersheds show a linear increase of output with increases in total N inputs and a mean DIN export ratio of 0.20 to 0.31. The main differences in land use between low and moderately disturbed watershed are the relative proportions of agricultural land and forests, not the built-up lands. The export ratio of the highly-disturbed watersheds is 0.42-0.53, which is very high and suggests that much of the N input is transported downstream. The increases in riverine DIN export ratio along with the gradient of human disturbance in subtropical Taiwan shows a gradient in excess N saturation. Our results help to understand factors controlling riverine DIN export and provide a sound basis for N emissions/pollution control.

  1. 77 FR 29564 - Revisions to the Export Administration Regulations: Auxiliary and Miscellaneous Items That No...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-18

    ...The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) publishes this action to propose how auxiliary and miscellaneous military equipment and related articles the President determines no longer warrant control under Category XIII (Auxiliary Military Equipment) of the United States Munitions List (USML) would be controlled under the Commerce Control List (CCL) in new Export Control Classification Numbers (ECCNs) 0A617, 0B617, 0C617, 0D617, and 0E617 as part of the proposed new ``600 series'' of ECCNs. This rule proposes also to integrate into those five new ECCNs items within the scope of Wassenaar Arrangement Munitions List (WAML) Category 17 that would be removed from the USML, or that are not specifically identified on the USML or CCL but that are currently subject to USML jurisdiction. Finally, this rule proposes to control some items now classified under ECCNs 0A018, 0A918 and 0E018 under new ECCNs 0A617 and 0E617. This action would consolidate the above- mentioned auxiliary and miscellaneous military equipment and related articles on the CCL in the proposed new ``600 series.'' This rule is one of a planned series proposing how various types of articles that the President determines, as part of the Administration's Export Control Reform Initiative, no longer warrant control on the USML under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), would be controlled on the CCL in accordance with the requirements of the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). This proposed rule is being published in conjunction with a proposed rule from the Department of State, Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, which would amend the list of articles controlled by USML Category XIII.

  2. Buffering of Ocean Export Production by Flexible Elemental Stoichiometry of Particulate Organic Matter

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tanioka, Tatsuro; Matsumoto, Katsumi

    2017-10-01

    One of the most important factors that determine the ocean-atmosphere carbon partitioning is the sinking of particulate organic matter (POM) from the surface ocean to the deep ocean. The amount of carbon (C) removed from the surface ocean by this POM export production depends critically on the elemental ratio in POM of C to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), two essential elements that limit productivity. Recent observations indicate that P:N:C in marine POM varies both spatially and temporally due to chemical, physical, and ecological dynamics. In a new approach to predicting a flexible P:C ratio, we developed a power law model with a stoichiometry sensitivity factor, which is able to relate P:C of POM to ambient phosphate concentration. The new factor is robust, measurable, and biogeochemically meaningful. Using the new stoichiometry sensitivity factor, we present a first-order estimate that P:C plasticity could buffer against a generally expected future reduction in global carbon export production by up to 5% under a future warming scenario compared to a fixed, Redfield P:C. Further, we demonstrate that our new stoichiometry model can be implemented successfully and easily in a global model to reproduce the large-scale P:N:C variability in the ocean.

  3. 78 FR 37371 - Wassenaar Arrangement 2012 Plenary Agreements Implementation: Commerce Control List, Definitions...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-20

    ...The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) maintains, as part of its Export Administration Regulations (EAR), the Commerce Control List (CCL), which identifies certain of the items subject to Department of Commerce jurisdiction. This final rule revises the CCL to implement changes made to the Wassenaar Arrangement's List of Dual-Use Goods and Technologies (Wassenaar List) maintained and agreed to by governments participating in the Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies (Wassenaar Arrangement, or WA) at the December 2012 WA Plenary Meeting (the Plenary). The Wassenaar Arrangement advocates implementation of effective export controls on strategic items with the objective of improving regional and international security and stability. This rule harmonizes the CCL with the changes made to the WA List at the Plenary by revising ECCNs controlled for national security reasons in each category of the CCL, except category 8, as well as amending the General Software Note, WA reporting requirements, and definitions section in the EAR. BIS is adding unilateral controls to the CCL for specific software and technology for aviation control systems, which the WA agreements removed from the WA List, i.e., EAR national security controls.

  4. 15 CFR 742.15 - Encryption items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Memorandum of November 15, 1996, exports and reexports of encryption software, like exports and reexports of... because of any informational or theoretical value that such software may reflect, contain, or represent... encryption software are distinguished from controls on other software regulated under the EAR. (a) Licensing...

  5. mRNA export in the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii: emerging divergent components of a crucial pathway.

    PubMed

    Ávila, Andréa Rodrigues; Cabezas-Cruz, Alexjandro; Gissot, Mathieu

    2018-01-25

    Control of gene expression is crucial for parasite survival and is the result of a series of processes that are regulated to permit fine-tuning of gene expression in response to biological changes during the life-cycle of apicomplexan parasites. Control of mRNA nuclear export is a key process in eukaryotic cells but is poorly understood in apicomplexan parasites. Here, we review recent knowledge regarding this process with an emphasis on T. gondii. We describe the presence of divergent orthologs and discuss structural and functional differences in export factors between apicomplexans and other eukaryotic lineages. Undoubtedly, the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in high throughput screenings associated with the discovery of mRNA nuclear export complexes by proteomic analysis will contribute to identify these divergent factors. Ligand-based or structure-based strategies may be applied to investigate the potential use of these proteins as targets for new antiprotozoal agents.

  6. Dissolved organic carbon export and its contribution to the carbon budget in a boreal peat landscape undergoing rapid permafrost thaw

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sonnentag, O.; Fouche, J.; Helbig, M.; Karoline, W.; Hould Gosselin, G.; Hanisch, J.; Quinton, W. L.; Moore, T. R.

    2017-12-01

    Northern permafrost soils store 1035 ± 150 Pg of organic carbon in the first 3 m. In boreal lowlands with warm and thin isolated, sporadic and discontinuous permafrost, increasing temperatures cause a thaw-induced expansion of permafrost-free wetlands at the expense of forested permafrost peat plateaus. Permafrost thaw associated with warmer soils may enhance microbial decomposition of near-surface and deeper organic matter but also increase dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export to aquatic systems. Recent studies suggest that, under a warmer climate, the current net CO2 sink strength of boreal peat landscapes may decline over the next few decades, eventually turning them into net CO2 sources. DOC export from these organic-rich landscapes undergoing rapid permafrost thaw may play a non-negligible role for the carbon budget in a warmer climate. In this study, we quantify the DOC export from a boreal peat landscape in the southern Northwest Territories (Canada). We use half-hourly discharge measurements and DOC concentrations sampled at the outlets of three small catchments ( 0.1 km2) to quantify runoff and DOC export from April to August 2014, 2015 and 2016. We estimate the DOC export contribution to the overall carbon budget using concurrent eddy covariance measurements of net CO2 and methane exchanges. The primary control of DOC export is discharge. In 2016, 70% of the DOC was exported during the two weeks of the spring freshet in early May. DOC export from the three catchments was 3g C m-2 from April to August, which accounted for 15% of the annual net ecosystem exchange. For the same period, the cumulative methane emissions were 6 g C-CH4 m-2. Our findings suggest that thawing boreal peat landscapes along the southern limit of permafrost currently act as net carbon sinks with 11 g C m-2 y-1. Investigating the optical properties of the dissolved organic matter across the different landforms (e.g., transition between forested permafrost peat plateau and permafrost-free wetland) will allow us to assess the different contributions to catchment DOC export and better forecast the changes in DOC lability with permafrost thaw and wetland expansion. Associated with a more rainfall-controlled runoff regime, changes in DOC export with warming may affect the carbon budget in the southern boundaries of the permafrost region.

  7. Exporting DBCP and other banned pesticides: consideration of ethical issues.

    PubMed

    Lowry, L K; Frank, A L

    1999-01-01

    Many developed countries permit the export of pesticides that are banned, restricted, or unregistered within their own borders. This practice, which leads to the exposure of agricultural workers in developing countries to high levels of pesticides that are not permitted in the country of manufacture, raises many ethical issues as well as economic, social, political, and public health issues. Worldwide attempts to control export of such pesticides, through the FAO/UNEP Prior Informed Consent program, moves this issue in the right direction. This article explores the current U.S. and international practices, using the specific example of export of DBCP to banana-producing countries. The actions taken by multinational corporations, manufacturers of the pesticides, and public health officials in both the exporting and importing countries are explored, along with the impacts on workers, local economies, governments, and the environment.

  8. COCOM (Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Exports), Technology Transfer and Its Impact on National Security

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-06-01

    ORGANZA - 0% If applicable) 8( ADDRESS (C t Stare a-d ZIP CooI 10 SOUPCE O FKNDNG NMBERS PROGRAM PROAECT TASK . ORK )NIT ELEMENT NO NO NO .<ESSiON NO...investigations which ended up in a total restructuring of their export process. Both Norway and Japan started a heavy lobbying process as well, in an effort...respective controls. Norway permanently suspended all sales to the Soviet Union and initiated a total restructuring of their export process. Japan

  9. Quantifying groundwater discharge through fringing wetlands to estuaries: Seasonal variability, methods comparison, and implications for wetland-estuary exchange

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Tobias, C.R.; Harvey, J.W.; Anderson, I.C.

    2001-01-01

    Because groundwater discharge along coastal shorelines is often concentrated in zones inhabited by fringing wetlands, accurately estimating discharge is essential for understanding its effect on the function and maintenance of these ecosystems. Most previous estimates of groundwater discharge to coastal wetlands have been temporally limited and have used only a single approach to estimate discharge. Furthermore, groundwater input has not been considered as a major mechanism controlling pore-water flushing. We estimated seasonally varying groundwater discharge into a fringing estuarine wetland using three independent methods (Darcy's Law, salt balance, and Br- tracer). Seasonal patterns of discharge predicted by both Darcy's Law and the salt balance yielded similar seasonal patterns with discharge maxima and minima in spring and early fall, respectively. They differed, however, in the estimated magnitude of discharge by two- to fourfold in spring and by 10-fold in fall. Darcy estimates of mean discharge ranged between -8.0 and 80 L m-2 d-1, whereas the salt balance predicted groundwater discharge of 0.6 to 22 L m-2 d-1. Results from the Br- tracer experiment estimated discharge at 16 L m-2 d-t, or nearly equal to the salt balance estimate at that time. Based upon the tracer test, pore-water conductivity profiles, and error estimates for the Darcy and salt balance approaches, we concluded that the salt balance provided a more certain estimate of groundwater discharge at high flow (spring). In contrast, the Darcy method provided a more reliable estimate during low flow (fall). Groundwater flushing of pore water in the spring exported solutes to the estuary at rates similar to tidally driven surface exchange seen in previous studies. Based on pore-water turnover times, the groundwater-driven flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and NH4+ to the estuary was 11.9, 1.6, and 1.3 g C or g N m-2 wetland for the 90 d encompassing peak spring discharge. Groundwater-induced flushing of the wetland subsurface therefore represents an important mechanism by which narrow fringing marshes may seasonally relieve salt stress and export material to adjacent water masses.

  10. 36 year trends in dissolved organic carbon export from Finnish rivers to the Baltic Sea.

    PubMed

    Räike, Antti; Kortelainen, Pirkko; Mattsson, Tuija; Thomas, David N

    2012-10-01

    Increasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in lakes, rivers and streams in northern mid latitudes have been widely reported during the last two decades, but relatively few studies have dealt with trends in DOC export. We studied the export of DOC from Finnish rivers to the Baltic Sea between 1975 and 2010, and estimated trends in DOC fluxes (both flow normalised and non-normalised). The study encompassed the whole Finnish Baltic Sea catchment area (301,000 km(2)) covering major land use patterns in the boreal zone. Finnish rivers exported annually over 900,000 t DOC to the Baltic Sea, and the mean area specific export was 3.5 t km(-2). The highest export (7.3t km(-2)) was measured in peat dominated catchments, whereas catchments rich in lakes had the lowest export (2.2 t km(-2)). Inter-annual variation in DOC export was high and controlled mainly by hydrology. There was no overall trend in the annual water flow, although winter flow increased in northern Finland over 36 years. Despite the numerous studies showing increases in DOC concentrations in streams and rivers in the northern hemisphere, we could not find any evidence of increases in DOC export to the northern Baltic Sea from Finnish catchments since 1975. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. 76 FR 80282 - Revisions to the Export Administration Regulations (EAR): Control of Vessels of War and Related...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-23

    ... (ECCNs) 8A609, 8B609, 8C609, 8D609, and 8E609. This rule is one of a planned series of proposed rules... controlled on the CCL--the military vehicles proposal was the first in a series of such proposed rules to be... additional exceptions. The goal of such amendments would be to give exporters sufficient time to implement...

  12. Stemming the Flow of Improvised Explosive Device Making Materials through Global Export Control Regimes

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-09-01

    reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. IRB Protocol number ______N/A______. 12a. DISTRIBUTION...Warfare DHS Department of Homeland Security DoD Department of Defense DTMF Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency EOD Explosive Ordnance Disposal EU European...Organization JMTC Joint Multinational Training Command JTF Joint Task Force MANPADS Man Portable Air Defense Systems MERC Multilateral Export Control

  13. Reforming U.S. Export Controls Reforms: Advancing U.S. Army Interests

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-12-01

    The author wishes to thank several anonymous and peer re- viewers as well as Alex Barnes, Rachel Bauman, Justin Blaszczyk, William Cardon ...is worth noting in that it requires, pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act, that: certification be provided to Congress prior to the granting of...security. Otherwise, approval cannot be granted until 15 days after Congress has re- ceived the certification for the manufacturing license or technical

  14. Petroleum and Political Change in Mexico,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-01-01

    and exploitation of our petroleum resources." The argument continued that "private entrepreneurs are disposed to work in this area under the control of...membership was designed to jar the non-petroleum export sector into a more competitive posture, thereby incresing exports from that sector and diminishing

  15. 31 CFR 500.533 - Exportations, reexportations, and incidental transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... CONTROL REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations and Statements of Licensing Policy § 500.533 Exportations..., software, or technology (including technical data) from the United States or reexportation of U.S.-origin goods, software, or technology from a foreign country to any person in a designated foreign country or...

  16. 75 FR 8917 - Action Affecting Export Privileges; Afshin Rezaei

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-26

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Action Affecting Export Privileges; Afshin... any item subject to the Regulations; B. Take any action that facilitates the acquisition or attempted..., possession or control; C. Take any action to acquire from or to facilitate the acquisition or attempted...

  17. 15 CFR Supplement No. 2 to Part 730 - Technical Advisory Committees

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ..., materials, or supplies, including technology, software, and other information, that are subject to export... to a clearly defined grouping of articles, materials, or supplies, including technology, software, or..., including technology, software, and other information, that are subject to export controls because of their...

  18. 15 CFR Supplement No. 2 to Part 730 - Technical Advisory Committees

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ..., materials, or supplies, including technology, software, and other information, that are subject to export... to a clearly defined grouping of articles, materials, or supplies, including technology, software, or..., including technology, software, and other information, that are subject to export controls because of their...

  19. 15 CFR Supplement No. 2 to Part 730 - Technical Advisory Committees

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ..., materials, or supplies, including technology, software, and other information, that are subject to export... to a clearly defined grouping of articles, materials, or supplies, including technology, software, or..., including technology, software, and other information, that are subject to export controls because of their...

  20. UAP56 is a conserved crucial component of a divergent mRNA export pathway in Toxoplasma gondii.

    PubMed

    Serpeloni, Mariana; Jiménez-Ruiz, Elena; Vidal, Newton Medeiros; Kroeber, Constanze; Andenmatten, Nicole; Lemgruber, Leandro; Mörking, Patricia; Pall, Gurman S; Meissner, Markus; Ávila, Andréa R

    2016-11-01

    Nucleo-cytoplasmic RNA export is an essential post-transcriptional step to control gene expression in eukaryotic cells and is poorly understood in apicomplexan parasites. With the exception of UAP56, a component of TREX (Transcription Export) complex, other components of mRNA export machinery are not well conserved in divergent supergroups. Here, we use Toxoplasma gondii as a model system to functionally characterize TgUAP56 and its potential interaction factors. We demonstrate that TgUAP56 is crucial for mRNA export and that functional interference leads to significant accumulation of mRNA in the nucleus. It was necessary to employ bioinformatics and phylogenetic analysis to identify orthologs related to mRNA export, which show a remarkable low level of conservation in T. gondii. We adapted a conditional Cas9/CRISPR system to carry out a genetic screen to verify if these factors were involved in mRNA export in T. gondii. Only the disruption of TgRRM_1330 caused accumulation of mRNA in the nucleus as found with TgUAP56. This protein is potentially a divergent partner of TgUAP56, and provides insight into a divergent mRNA export pathway in apicomplexans. © 2016 The Authors. Molecular Microbiology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site.
Top