Interesting electron storage phenomenon in the spherical Ag/TiO{sub 2} nanocomposites and its application for the decomposition of acetaldehyde in the dark

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Xinyan; State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, c/o Engineering Laboratory for Modern Analytical Techniques, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022; Wu, Tongshun

2016-01-15

Highlights: • The Ag/TiO{sub 2} composites have been prepared by a facile solvothermal method. • The photogenerated charges transfer behaviors between the Ag and TiO{sub 2}. • The Ag/TiO{sub 2} composites can store photogenerated electrons for a relative long time. • The Ag/TiO{sub 2} composite could be further used to decompose acetaldehyde in the dark. - Abstract: Ag/TiO{sub 2} nanocomposite has been prepared by a facile one-step low-temperature solvothermal method. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements have been used to characterize the detailed structure of the as-synthesized nanocomposite and the results indicate that the nanocompoistemore » is with the spherical structure and Ag and TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed in the sphere. Surface photovoltage (SPV) and transient photovoltage (TPV) techniques were used to further investigate the charge transfer behavior between the TiO{sub 2} and Ag in this composite material, and the results reveal that the nanocomposites could store the electrons for a relative long time even under air. Furthermore, these stored electrons in the nanocomposites have been successfully applied to decompose the acetaldehyde in the dark.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Wenting; Zhang, Qinggang; Wang, Ruiqin

Unsaturated metal species (UMS) confined in nanomaterials play important roles for electron transfer in a wide range of catalytic reactions. However, the limited fabrication methods of UMS restrict their wider catalytic applications. Here in this paper, we report on the synergy of unsaturated Zn and Cu dopants confined in carbon dots (ZnCu-CDs) to produce enhanced electron transfer and photooxidation processes in the doped CDs. The Zn/Cu species chelate with the carbon matrix mainly through Cu-O(N)-Zn-O(N)-Cu complexes. Within this structure, Cu 2+ acts as a mild oxidizer that facilely increases the unsaturated Zn content and also precisely tunes the unsaturated Znmore » valence state to Zn d+, where d is between 1 and 2, instead of Zn. With the help of UMS, electron-transfer pathways are produced, enhancing both the electron donating (7.0 times) and-accepting (5.3 times) abilities relative to conventional CDs. Because of these synergistic effects, the photocatalytic efficiency of CDs in photooxidation reactions is shown to improve more than 5-fold.« less

Attaching naphthalene derivatives onto BODIPY for generating excited triplet state and singlet oxygen: Tuning PET-based photosensitizer by electron donors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xian-Fu; Feng, Nan

2018-01-01

meso-Naphthalene substituted BODIPY compounds were prepared in a facile one pot reaction. The naphthalene functionalization of BODIPY leads up to a 5-fold increase in the formation efficiency of excited triplet state and singlet oxygen in polar solvents. Steady state and time resolved fluorescence, laser flash photolysis, and quantum chemistry methods were used to reveal the mechanism. All measured data and quantum chemical results suggest that these systems can be viewed as electron donor-acceptor (D-A) pair (BODIPY acts as the acceptor), photoinduced charge transfer (PCT) or photoinduced electron transfer (PET) occurs upon photo excitation (D-A + hν → Dδ +-Aδ -, 0 < δ ≤ 1), and the charge recombination induced the formation of triplet state (Dδ +-Aδ - → D-A (T1). These novel PCT- or PET-based photosensitizers (PSs) show different features from traditional PSs, such as the strong tunability by facile structural modification and good selectivity upon medium polarity. The new character for this type of PSs can lead to important applications in organic oxygenation reactions and photodynamic therapy of tumors.

Laboratory Studies of Thermal Energy Charge Transfer of Multiply Charged Ions in Astrophysical Plasmas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kwong, Victor H. S.

2003-01-01

The laser ablation/ion storage facility at the UNLV Physics Department has been dedicated to the study of atomic and molecular processes in low temperature plasmas. Our program focuses on the charge transfer (electron capture) of multiply charged ions and neutrals important in astrophysics. The electron transfer reactions with atoms and molecules is crucial to the ionization condition of neutral rich photoionized plasmas. With the successful deployment of the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) and the Chandra X-ray Observatory by NASA high resolution VUV and X-ray emission spectra fiom various astrophysical objects have been collected. These spectra will be analyzed to determine the source of the emission and the chemical and physical environment of the source. The proper interpretation of these spectra will require complete knowledge of all the atomic processes in these plasmas. In a neutral rich environment, charge transfer can be the dominant process. The rate coefficients need to be known accurately. We have also extended our charge transfer measurements to KeV region with a pulsed ion beam. The inclusion of this facility into our current program provides flexibility in extending the measurement to higher energies (KeV) if needed. This flexibility enables us to address issues of immediate interest to the astrophysical community as new observations are made by high resolution space based observatories.

Production of Highly Polarized Positrons Using Polarized Electrons at MeV Energies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abbott, D.; Adderley, P.; Adeyemi, A.; Aguilera, P.; Ali, M.; Areti, H.; Baylac, M.; Benesch, J.; Bosson, G.; Cade, B.; Camsonne, A.; Cardman, L. S.; Clark, J.; Cole, P.; Covert, S.; Cuevas, C.; Dadoun, O.; Dale, D.; Dong, H.; Dumas, J.; Fanchini, E.; Forest, T.; Forman, E.; Freyberger, A.; Froidefond, E.; Golge, S.; Grames, J.; Guèye, P.; Hansknecht, J.; Harrell, P.; Hoskins, J.; Hyde, C.; Josey, B.; Kazimi, R.; Kim, Y.; Machie, D.; Mahoney, K.; Mammei, R.; Marton, M.; McCarter, J.; McCaughan, M.; McHugh, M.; McNulty, D.; Mesick, K. E.; Michaelides, T.; Michaels, R.; Moffit, B.; Moser, D.; Muñoz Camacho, C.; Muraz, J.-F.; Opper, A.; Poelker, M.; Réal, J.-S.; Richardson, L.; Setiniyaz, S.; Stutzman, M.; Suleiman, R.; Tennant, C.; Tsai, C.; Turner, D.; Ungaro, M.; Variola, A.; Voutier, E.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; PEPPo Collaboration

2016-05-01

The Polarized Electrons for Polarized Positrons experiment at the injector of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility has demonstrated for the first time the efficient transfer of polarization from electrons to positrons produced by the polarized bremsstrahlung radiation induced by a polarized electron beam in a high-Z target. Positron polarization up to 82% have been measured for an initial electron beam momentum of 8.19 MeV /c , limited only by the electron beam polarization. This technique extends polarized positron capabilities from GeV to MeV electron beams, and opens access to polarized positron beam physics to a wide community.

Production of Highly Polarized Positrons Using Polarized Electrons at MeV Energies

DOE PAGES

Abbott, D.; Adderley, P.; Adeyemi, A.; ...

2016-05-27

The Polarized Electrons for Polarized Positrons experiment at the injector of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility has demonstrated for the first time the efficient transfer of polarization from electrons to positrons produced by the polarized bremsstrahlung radiation induced by a polarized electron beam in a high-Z target. Positron polarization up to 82% have been measured for an initial electron beam momentum of 8.19~MeV/c, limited only by the electron beam polarization. We report that this technique extends polarized positron capabilities from GeV to MeV electron beams, and opens access to polarized positron beam physics to a wide community.

Synergies between Unsaturated Zn/Cu Doping Sites in Carbon Dots Provide New Pathways for Photocatalytic Oxidation

DOE PAGES

Wu, Wenting; Zhang, Qinggang; Wang, Ruiqin; ...

2017-12-07

Unsaturated metal species (UMS) confined in nanomaterials play important roles for electron transfer in a wide range of catalytic reactions. However, the limited fabrication methods of UMS restrict their wider catalytic applications. Here in this paper, we report on the synergy of unsaturated Zn and Cu dopants confined in carbon dots (ZnCu-CDs) to produce enhanced electron transfer and photooxidation processes in the doped CDs. The Zn/Cu species chelate with the carbon matrix mainly through Cu-O(N)-Zn-O(N)-Cu complexes. Within this structure, Cu 2+ acts as a mild oxidizer that facilely increases the unsaturated Zn content and also precisely tunes the unsaturated Znmore » valence state to Zn d+, where d is between 1 and 2, instead of Zn. With the help of UMS, electron-transfer pathways are produced, enhancing both the electron donating (7.0 times) and-accepting (5.3 times) abilities relative to conventional CDs. Because of these synergistic effects, the photocatalytic efficiency of CDs in photooxidation reactions is shown to improve more than 5-fold.« less

Facile fabrication of BiVO4 nanofilms with controlled pore size and their photoelectrochemical performances.

PubMed

Feng, Chenchen; Jiao, Zhengbo; Li, Shaopeng; Zhang, Yan; Bi, Yingpu

2015-12-28

We demonstrate a facile method for the rational fabrication of pore-size controlled nanoporous BiVO(4) photoanodes, and confirmed that the optimum pore-size distributions could effectively absorb visible light through light diffraction and confinement functions. Furthermore, in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals more efficient photoexcited electron-hole separation than conventional particle films, induced by light confinement and rapid charge transfer in the inter-crossed worm-like structures.

Copper vertical micro dendrite fin arrays and their superior boiling heat transfer capability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Ya-Qiao; Lyu, Shu-Shen; Luo, Jia-Li; Luo, Zhi-Yong; Fu, Yuan-Xiang; Heng, Yi; Zhang, Jian-Hui; Mo, Dong-Chuan

2017-11-01

Micro pin fin arrays have been widely used in electronic cooling, micro reactors, catalyst support, and wettability modification and so on, and a facile way to produce better micro pin fin arrays is demanded. Herein, a simple electrochemical method has been developed to fabricate copper vertical micro dendrite fin arrays (Cu-VMDFA) with controllable shapes, number density and height. High copper sulphate concentration is one key point to make the dendrite stand vertically. Besides, the applied current should rise at an appropriate rate to ensure the copper dendrite can grow vertically on its own. The Cu-VMDFA can significantly enhance the heat transfer coefficient by approximately twice compared to the plain copper surface. The Cu-VMDFA may be widely used in boiling heat transfer areas such as nuclear power plants, electronic cooling, heat exchangers, and so on.

Military Handbook. Grounding, Bonding, and Shielding for Electronic Equipments and Facilities. Volume 1. Basic Theory

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-29

when the air or gas stream contains particulate matter. b. Pulverized materials passing through chutes or pneumatic conveyors . c. Nonconductive power...Hanover NH, 1971, AD 722 221. 146.Oakley, R.J., "Surface Transfer Impedance and Cable Shielding Design ," Wire Journal, Vol 4, No. 3, March 1971, pp...including considerations of grounding, bonding, and shielding in all phases of design , construction, operation, and maintenance of electronic equipment

Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations on monooxo Mo(IV) and bisoxo Mo(VI) bis-dithiolenes: insights into the mechanism of oxo transfer in sulfite oxidase and its relation to the mechanism of DMSO reductase.

PubMed

Ha, Yang; Tenderholt, Adam L; Holm, Richard H; Hedman, Britt; Hodgson, Keith O; Solomon, Edward I

2014-06-25

Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to determine the electronic structures of two complexes [Mo(IV)O(bdt)2](2-) and [Mo(VI)O2(bdt)2](2-) (bdt = benzene-1,2-dithiolate(2-)) that relate to the reduced and oxidized forms of sulfite oxidase (SO). These are compared with those of previously studied dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (DMSOr) models. DFT calculations supported by the data are extended to evaluate the reaction coordinate for oxo transfer to a phosphite ester substrate. Three possible transition states are found with the one at lowest energy, stabilized by a P-S interaction, in good agreement with experimental kinetics data. Comparison of both oxo transfer reactions shows that in DMSOr, where the oxo is transferred from the substrate to the metal ion, the oxo transfer induces electron transfer, while in SO, where the oxo transfer is from the metal site to the substrate, the electron transfer initiates oxo transfer. This difference in reactivity is related to the difference in frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) of the metal-oxo and substrate-oxo bonds. Finally, these experimentally related calculations are extended to oxo transfer by sulfite oxidase. The presence of only one dithiolene at the enzyme active site selectively activates the equatorial oxo for transfer, and allows facile structural reorganization during turnover.

Development of intense terahertz coherent synchrotron radiation at KU-FEL

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sei, Norihiro; Zen, Heishun; Ohgaki, Hideaki

2016-10-01

We produced intense coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the terahertz (THz) region using an S-band linac at the Kyoto University Free Electron Laser (KU-FEL), which is a mid-infrared free-electron laser facility. The CSR beam was emitted from short-pulse electron bunches compressed by a 180° arc, and was transferred to air at a large solid angle of 0.10 rad. The measured CSR energy was 55 μJ per 7 μs macropulse, and KU-FEL was one of the most powerful CSR sources in normal conducting linear accelerator facilities. The CSR spectra were measured using an uncooled pyroelectric detector and a Michelson-type interferometer designed specifically for the KU-FEL electron beam, and had a maximum at a frequency of 0.11 THz. We found that adjusting the energy slit enhanced the CSR energy and shortened the electron beam bunch length in the CSR spectra measurements. Our results demonstrated that the efficient use of the energy slit can help improve the characteristics of CSR.

77 FR 21359 - MARPOL Annex I Amendments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-09

... the docket, go to http://www.regulations.gov , select the Advanced Docket Search option on the right... the Docket Management Facility. C. Privacy Act Anyone can search the electronic form of comments... are proposing to amend Sec. 156.111 by updating the versions of the STS Transfer Guide and the Guide...

Novel MnOOH–graphene nanocomposites: Preparation, characterization and electrochemical properties for supercapacitors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mei, Jun; Zhang, Long, E-mail: zhanglongzhl@163.com

2015-01-15

In this paper, we report a simple and controlled synthesis of novel MnOOH–graphene nanocomposites with a one-step facile hydrothermal method. It is template-free and easy to reproduce. Electrochemical properties are investigated in different media. The values of specific capacitance achieved are 112 F g{sup −1} in 1 M Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4} and 165 F g{sup −1} in 6 M KOH electrolyte, respectively. The assembly of multiple branched MnOOH and graphene flakes results in synergistic effects, forming new electron transfer channels to accelerate electron transfer and provide the pseudocapacitance to increase the overall capacitance. The novel composites have potential applications inmore » the fields of supercapacitors, lithium battery and so on. - Graphical abstract: The MnOOH–graphene nanocomposites shows better specific capacitance with the values achieved 112 F g{sup −1} in 1 M Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4} and 165 F g{sup −1} in 6 M KOH electrolyte, respectively. - Highlights: • Novel MnOOH–graphene nanocomposites were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method. • The assembly can form new electron transfer channels to accelerate electron transfer. • The capacitive and rate performances are enhanced in both neutral and alkaline medium.« less

Laboratory Studies of Thermal Energy Charge Transfer of Silicon and Iron Ions in Astrophysical Plasmas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kwong, Victor H. S.

1997-01-01

The laser ablation/ion storage facility at the UNLV Physics Department is dedicated to the study of atomic processes in low temperature plasmas. Our current program is directed to the study of charge transfer of multiply charged ions and neutrals that are of importance to astrophysics at energies less than 1 eV (about 10(exp 4) K). Specifically, we measure the charge transfer rate coefficient of ions such as N(2+), Si(3+), Si(3+), with helium and Fe(2+) with molecular and atomic hydrogen. All these ions are found in a variety of astrophysical plasmas. Their electron transfer reactions with neutral atoms can affect the ionization equilibrium of the plasma.

Free-electron laser spectroscopy in biology, medicine, and materials science; Proceedings of the Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, Jan. 22, 1993

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schwettman, H.A.

1993-01-01

Various papers on FEL spectroscopy in biology, medicine, and materials science are presented. Individual topics addressed include: Vanderbilt University FEL Center, FIR FEL facility at the University of California/Santa Barbara, FEL research facilities and opportunities at Duke, facilities at the Stanford Picosecond FEL Center, FIR nonlinear response of electrons in semiconductor nanostructures, FIR harmonic generation from semiconductor heterostructures, intrinsic response times of double-barrier resonant tunneling diodes at tetrahertz frequencies, semiconductor spectroscopy and ablation processes with the Vanderbilt FEL. Also discussed are: picosecond nonlinear optics in semiconductor quantum wells with the SCA FEL, excitation spectroscopy of thin-film disordered semiconductors, biophysical applicationmore » of FELs, FEL investigation of energy transfer in condensed phase systems, probing protein photochemistry and dynamics with ultrafast infrared spectroscopy, plasma ablation of hard tissues by FEL, FEL irradiation of the cornea.« less

Photostable and Low-Toxic Yellow-Green Carbon Dots for Highly Selective Detection of Explosive 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol Based on the Dual Electron Transfer Mechanism.

PubMed

Ju, Bo; Wang, Yi; Zhang, Yu-Mo; Zhang, Ting; Liu, Zhihe; Li, Minjie; Xiao-An Zhang, Sean

2018-04-18

Advances in the development of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) for detecting nitro-explosives have attracted great interest. However, developing long-wavelength luminescence CDs for highly selective determination of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) and getting insight into the detection mechanism remain further to be investigated. Here, excitation-independent yellow-green emission CDs with good photostability and low biotoxicity were introduced for detecting TNP selectively. Then, two types of electron transfer (ET) processes including hydrogen-bond interaction-assisted ET and proton transfer-assisted ET are suggested to be responsible for their photophysical behavior. Finally, the visual detection of TNP has been successfully developed by a CD-based indicator paper. The facile, highly sensitive, and selective detection for TNP in both of a solution and a solid phase makes CDs potentially useful in environmental sensor applications.

Disaster Debris Recovery Database - Recovery

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The US EPA Region 5 Disaster Debris Recovery Database includes public datasets of over 6,000 composting facilities, demolition contractors, transfer stations, landfills and recycling facilities for construction and demolition materials, electronics, household hazardous waste, metals, tires, and vehicles in the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, West Virginia and Wisconsin.In this update, facilities in the 7 states that border the EPA Region 5 states were added to assist interstate disaster debris management. Also, the datasets for composters, construction and demolition recyclers, demolition contractors, and metals recyclers were verified and source information added for each record using these sources: AGC, Biocycle, BMRA, CDRA, ISRI, NDA, USCC, FEMA Debris Removal Contractor Registry, EPA Facility Registry System, and State and local listings.

Disaster Debris Recovery Database - Landfills

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The US EPA Region 5 Disaster Debris Recovery Database includes public datasets of over 6,000 composting facilities, demolition contractors, transfer stations, landfills and recycling facilities for construction and demolition materials, electronics, household hazardous waste, metals, tires, and vehicles in the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, West Virginia and Wisconsin.In this update, facilities in the 7 states that border the EPA Region 5 states were added to assist interstate disaster debris management. Also, the datasets for composters, construction and demolition recyclers, demolition contractors, and metals recyclers were verified and source information added for each record using these sources: AGC, Biocycle, BMRA, CDRA, ISRI, NDA, USCC, FEMA Debris Removal Contractor Registry, EPA Facility Registry System, and State and local listings.

High risk of loss to follow-up among South African children on ART during transfer, a retrospective cohort analysis with community tracing.

PubMed

Teasdale, Chloe A; Sogaula, Nonzwakazi; Yuengling, Katharine A; Peters, Zachary J; Mutiti, Anthony; Pepeta, Lungile; Abrams, Elaine J

2017-06-28

Decentralization of HIV care for children has been recommended to improve paediatric outcomes by making antiretroviral treatment (ART) more accessible. We documented outcomes of children transferred after initiating ART at a large tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Electronic medical records for all children 0-15 years initiating ART at Dora Nginza Hospital (DNH) in Port Elizabeth, South Africa January 2004 to September 2015 were examined. Records for children transferred to primary and community clinics were searched at 16 health facilities to identify children with successful (at least one recorded visit) and unsuccessful transfer (no visits). We identified all children lost to follow-up (LTF) after ART initiation: those LTF at DNH (no visit >6 months), children with unsuccessful transfer, and children LTF after successful transfer (no visit >6 months). Community tracing was conducted to locate caregivers of children LTF and electronic laboratory data were searched to measure reengagement in care, including silent transfers. 1,582 children initiated ART at median age of 4 years [interquartile range (IQR): 1-8] and median CD4+ of 278 cells/mm 3 [IQR: 119-526]. A total of 901 (57.0%) children were transferred, 644 (71.5%) to study facilities; 433 (67.2%) children had successful transfer and 211 (32.8%) had unsuccessful transfer. In total, 399 children were LTF: 105 (26.3%) from DNH, 211 (52.9%) through unsuccessful transfer and 83 (20.8%) following successful transfer. Community tracing was conducted for 120 (30.1%) of 399 children LTF and 66 (55.0%) caregivers were located and interviewed. Four children had died. Among 62 children still alive, 8 (12.9%) were reported to not be in care or taking ART and 18 (29.0%) were also not taking ART. Overall, 65 (16.3%) of 399 children LTF had a laboratory result within 18 months of their last visit indicating silent transfer and 112 (28.1%) had lab results from 2015 to 2016 indicating current care. We found that only two-thirds of children on ART transferred to primary and community health clinics had successful transfer. These findings suggest that transfer is a particularly vulnerable step in the paediatric HIV care cascade.

Impact excitation and electron-hole multiplication in graphene and carbon nanotubes.

PubMed

Gabor, Nathaniel M

2013-06-18

In semiconductor photovoltaics, photoconversion efficiency is governed by a simple competition: the incident photon energy is either transferred to the crystal lattice (heat) or transferred to electrons. In conventional materials, energy loss to the lattice is more efficient than energy transferred to electrons, thus limiting the power conversion efficiency. Quantum electronic systems, such as quantum dots, nanowires, and two-dimensional electronic membranes, promise to tip the balance in this competition by simultaneously limiting energy transfer to the lattice and enhancing energy transfer to electrons. By exploring the optical, thermal, and electronic properties of quantum materials, we may perhaps find an ideal optoelectronic material that provides low cost fabrication, facile systems integration, and a means to surpass the standard limit for photoconversion efficiency. Nanoscale carbon materials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, provide ideal experimental quantum systems in which to explore optoelectronic behavior for applications in solar energy harvesting. Within essentially the same material, researchers can achieve a broad spectrum of energetic configurations, from a gapless semimetal to a large band-gap semiconducting nanowire. Owing to their nanoscale dimensions, graphene and carbon nanotubes exhibit electronic and optical properties that reflect strong electron-electron interactions. Such strong interactions may lead to exotic low-energy electron transport behavior and high-energy electron scattering processes such as impact excitation and the inverse process of Auger recombination. High-energy processes, which become very important under photoexcitation, may be particularly efficient in nanoscale carbon materials due to the relativistic-like, charged particle band structure and sensitivity to the dielectric environment. In addition, due to the covalently bonded carbon framework that makes up these materials, electron-phonon coupling is very weak. In carbon nanomaterials, strong electron-electron interactions combined with weak electron-phonon interactions results in excellent optical, thermal and electronic properties, the exploration of which promises to reveal fundamentally new physical processes and deliver advanced nanotechnologies. In this Account, we review the results of novel optoelectronic experiments that explore the intrinsic photoresponse of carbon nanomaterials integrated into nanoscale devices. By fabricating gate voltage-controlled photodetectors composed of atomically thin sheets of graphene and individual carbon nanotubes, we are able to fully explore electron transport in these systems under optical illumination. We find that strong electron-electron interactions play a key role in the intrinsic photoresponse of both materials, as evidenced by hot carrier transport in graphene and highly efficient multiple electron-hole pair generation in nanotubes. In both of these quantum systems, photoexcitation leads to high-energy electron-hole pairs that relax energy predominantly into the electronic system, rather than heating the lattice. Due to highly efficient energy transfer from photons into electrons, graphene and carbon nanotubes may be ideal materials for solar energy harvesting devices with efficiencies that could exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit.

Using a Scripted Data Entry Process to Transfer Legacy Immunization Data While Transitioning Between Electronic Medical Record Systems

PubMed Central

Michel, J.; Hsiao, A.; Fenick, A.

2014-01-01

Summary Background Transitioning between Electronic Medical Records (EMR) can result in patient data being stranded in legacy systems with subsequent failure to provide appropriate patient care. Manual chart abstraction is labor intensive, error-prone, and difficult to institute for immunizations on a systems level in a timely fashion. Objectives We sought to transfer immunization data from two of our health system’s soon to be replaced EMRs to the future EMR using a single process instead of separate interfaces for each facility. Methods We used scripted data entry, a process where a computer automates manual data entry, to insert data into the future EMR. Using the Center for Disease Control’s CVX immunization codes we developed a bridge between immunization identifiers within our system’s EMRs. We performed a two-step process evaluation of the data transfer using automated data comparison and manual chart review. Results We completed the data migration from two facilities in 16.8 hours with no data loss or corruption. We successfully populated the future EMR with 99.16% of our legacy immunization data – 500,906 records – just prior to our EMR transition date. A subset of immunizations, first recognized during clinical care, had not originally been extracted from the legacy systems. Once identified, this data – 1,695 records – was migrated using the same process with minimal additional effort. Conclusions Scripted data entry for immunizations is more accurate than published estimates for manual data entry and we completed our data transfer in 1.2% of the total time we predicted for manual data entry. Performing this process before EMR conversion helped identify obstacles to data migration. Drawing upon this work, we will reuse this process for other healthcare facilities in our health system as they transition to the future EMR. PMID:24734139

Proton therapy detector studies under the experience gained at the CATANA facility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cuttone, G.; Cirrone, G. A. P.; Di Rosa, F.; Lojacono, P. A.; Lo Nigro, S.; Marino, C.; Mongelli, V.; Patti, I. V.; Pittera, S.; Raffaele, L.; Russo, G.; Sabini, M. G.; Salamone, V.; Valastro, L. M.

2007-10-01

Proton therapy represents the most promising radiotherapy technique for external tumor treatments. At Laboratori Nazionali del Sud of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN-LNS), Catania (I), a proton therapy facility is active since March 2002 and 140 patients, mainly affected by choroidal and iris melanoma, have been successfully treated. Proton beams are characterized by higher dose gradients and linear energy transfer with respect to the conventional photon and electron beams, commonly used in medical centers for radiotherapy.In this paper, we report the experience gained in the characterization of different dosimetric systems, studied and/or developed during the last ten years in our proton therapy facility.

Design summary of a geostationary facility utilized as a communications platform

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barberis, N. J.; Brown, J. V.

1986-01-01

This paper describes the technical aspects of a geostationary platform facility that makes maximum use of the planned NASA space station and its elements, mainly the orbital maneuvering vehicle (OMV) and the orbital transfer vehicles (OTV). The platform design concept is described, with emphasis on the key technologies utilized to configure the platform. Key systems aspects include a design summary with discussion of the controls, telemetry, command and ranging, power, propulsion, control electronics, thermal control subsystems, and space station interfaces. The use of the facility as a communications platform is developed to demonstrate the attractiveness of the concept. The economic benefits are discussed, as well as the concept of servicing for payload upgrade.

Facile and ultrasensitive fluorescence sensor platform for tumor invasive biomaker β-glucuronidase detection and inhibitor evaluation with carbon quantum dots based on inner-filter effect.

PubMed

Lu, Shuaimin; Li, Guoliang; Lv, Zhengxian; Qiu, Nannan; Kong, Weiheng; Gong, Peiwei; Chen, Guang; Xia, Lian; Guo, Xiaoxi; You, Jinmao; Wu, Yongning

2016-11-15

Early detection and diagnosis have great practical significances for the effective prevention and treatment of cancer. In this study, we developed a novel, facile and ultra-sensitive fluorescence assay for the determination of tumor invasive biomarker β-glucuronidase (GLU) based on the inner-filter effect (IFE). The nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) with green photoluminescence were employed as the fluorophore in IFE, and 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucuronide (PNPG) was used to act as GLU substrate, and GLU catalytic product (p-nitrophenol (PNP)) was capable of acting as the robust absorber in IFE to turn off the fluorescence of N-CQDs due to the complementary overlap between the absorption of PNP and the excitation of N-CQDs. Thus, signal of GLU activity could be recorded by the fluorescence intensity of N-CQDs. Unlike other fluorescence sensing mechanism such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) or photoinduced electron transfer (PET), IFE has no requirement for electron or energy transfer process or any chemical modification of fluorophore, which makes our assay more flexible and simple. The proposed method exhibited a good linear relationship from 1UL(-1) to 60UL(-1) (R(2)=0.9967) with a low detection limit of 0.3UL(-1). This method was also successfully applied to the analysis of serum samples and the inhibitor screening from natural product. The developed sensor platform was proven to be reliable, facile, sensitive, and selective, making it promising as a candidate for GLU activity detection in clinic tumor diagnose and anti-tumor drug screening. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cumulative effective radiation dose received by blunt trauma patients arriving to a military level I trauma center from point of injury and interhospital transfers.

PubMed

Van Arnem, Kerri A; Supinski, David P; Tucker, Jonathan E; Varney, Shawn

2016-12-01

Trauma patients sustaining blunt injuries are exposed to multiple radiologic studies. Evidence indicates that the risk of cancer from exposure to ionizing radiation rises in direct proportion to the cumulative effective dose (CED) received. The purpose of this study is to quantify the amount of ionizing radiation accumulated when arriving directly from point of injury to San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), a level I trauma center, compared with those transferred from other facilities. A retrospective record review was conducted from 1st January 2010 through 31st December 2012. The SAMMC trauma registry, electronic medical records, and the digital radiology imaging system were searched for possible candidates. The medical records were then analyzed for sex, age, mechanism of injury, received directly from point of injury (direct group), transfer from another medical facility (transfer group), computed tomographic scans received, dose-length product, CED of radiation, and injury severity score. A diagnostic imaging physicist then calculated the estimated CED each subject received based on the dose-length product of each computed tomographic scan. A total of 300 patients were analyzed, with 150 patients in the direct group and 150 patients in the transfer group. Both groups were similar in age and sex. Patients in the transfer group received a significantly greater CED of radiation compared with the direct group (mean, 37.6 mSv vs 28 mSv; P=.001). The radiation received in the direct group correlates with a lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of 1 in 357 compared with the transfer group with an increase in LAR to 1 in 266. Patients transferred to our facility received a 34% increase in ionizing radiation compared with patients brought directly from the injury scene. This increased dose of ionizing radiation contributes to the LAR of cancer and needs to be considered before repeating imaging studies. III. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Inter-Facility Patient Transfers in Ontario: Do You Know What Your Local Ambulance Is Being Used For?

PubMed Central

Robinson, Victoria; Goel, Vivek; MacDonald, Russell D.; Manuel, Doug

2009-01-01

Background: Little is known about inter-facility patient transfers in populations. In 2003, detailed information about inter-facility patient transfers began to be systematically collected in Ontario. Methodology: The authors undertook a descriptive examination of inter-facility patient transfers using a newly created population-based information system. Results: Approximately 1,000 inter-facility patient transfers occur in Ontario each day, and every day and a half, the total distance travelled for these transfers equals the distance around the earth's circumference. The annual cost for patient transfers is approximately $283 million. Most common were routine and non-urgent inter-facility patient transfers. Eighty-five thousand patients (24.3% of transferred patients) were transported between healthcare facilities for dialysis appointments, appointments with physicians and return trips home. Patients with circulatory conditions were the most commonly transferred diagnostic group. Although 70% of all transfers were within 25 kilometres, some were for longer distances: for example, those involving pregnant women and newborn babies required travelling a median distance of 40.3 kilometres for continued care. Cardiac patients (54,000 patient transfers per year) travelled a median of 24.2 kilometres to reach a catheterization lab for treatment and further investigation. There was considerable lateral movement between academic health sciences centres (AHSCs). Over 16,000 patients per year (4.7% of all transfers) were transferred from one AHSC to another, predominantly for cardiac care. Discussion: Patients in Ontario are often transferred between healthcare facilities. Most transfers are for routine, non–life-threatening reasons, using the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system. This practice diverts resources from more emergent requests. Although patient transportation is a necessary part of any healthcare system, the results of this study highlight the current demands on a system that was not intended for the volume of inter-facility patient transfers it is supporting. These results call into question the use of sophisticated, highly trained, expensive patient transfer resources to provide routine medical services in Ontario. PMID:19377355

Influence of Hydration on Proton Transfer in the Guanine-Cytosine Radical Cation (G•+-C) Base Pair: A Density Functional Theory Study

PubMed Central

Kumar, Anil; Sevilla, Michael D.

2009-01-01

On one-electron oxidation all molecules including DNA bases become more acidic in nature. For the GC base pair experiments suggest that a facile proton transfer takes place in the G•+-C base pair from N1 of G•+ to N3 of cytosine. This intra-base pair proton transfer reaction has been extensively considered using theoretical methods for the gas phase and it is predicted that the proton transfer is slightly unfavorable in disagreement with experiment. In the present study, we consider the effect of the first hydration layer on the proton transfer reaction in G•+-C by the use of density functional theory (DFT), B3LYP/6-31+G** calculations of the G•+-C base pair in the presence of 6 and 11 water molecules. Under the influence of hydration of 11 waters, a facile proton transfer from N1 of G•+ to N3 of C is predicted. The zero point energy (ZPE) corrected forward and backward energy barriers, for the proton transfer from N1 of G•+ to N3 of C, was found to be 1.4 and 2.6 kcal/mol, respectively. The proton transferred G•-(H+)C + 11H2O was found to be 1.2 kcal/mol more stable than G•+-C + 11H2O in agreement with experiment. The present calculation demonstrates that the inclusion of the first hydration shell around G•+-C base pair has an important effect on the internal proton transfer energetics. PMID:19485319

An ensemble boosting model for predicting transfer to the pediatric intensive care unit.

PubMed

Rubin, Jonathan; Potes, Cristhian; Xu-Wilson, Minnan; Dong, Junzi; Rahman, Asif; Nguyen, Hiep; Moromisato, David

2018-04-01

Early deterioration indicators have the potential to alert hospital care staff in advance of adverse events, such as patients requiring an increased level of care, or the need for rapid response teams to be called. Our work focuses on the problem of predicting the transfer of pediatric patients from the general ward of a hospital to the pediatric intensive care unit. The development of a data-driven pediatric early deterioration indicator for use by clinicians with the purpose of predicting encounters where transfer from the general ward to the PICU is likely. Using data collected over 5.5 years from the electronic health records of two medical facilities, we develop machine learning classifiers based on adaptive boosting and gradient tree boosting. We further combine these learned classifiers into an ensemble model and compare its performance to a modified pediatric early warning score (PEWS) baseline that relies on expert defined guidelines. To gauge model generalizability, we perform an inter-facility evaluation where we train our algorithm on data from one facility and perform evaluation on a hidden test dataset from a separate facility. We show that improvements are witnessed over the modified PEWS baseline in accuracy (0.77 vs. 0.69), sensitivity (0.80 vs. 0.68), specificity (0.74 vs. 0.70) and AUROC (0.85 vs. 0.73). Data-driven, machine learning algorithms can improve PICU transfer prediction accuracy compared to expertly defined systems, such as a modified PEWS, but care must be taken in the training of such approaches to avoid inadvertently introducing bias into the outcomes of these systems. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Clean Transfer of Large Graphene Single Crystals for High-Intactness Suspended Membranes and Liquid Cells.

PubMed

Zhang, Jincan; Lin, Li; Sun, Luzhao; Huang, Yucheng; Koh, Ai Leen; Dang, Wenhui; Yin, Jianbo; Wang, Mingzhan; Tan, Congwei; Li, Tianran; Tan, Zhenjun; Liu, Zhongfan; Peng, Hailin

2017-07-01

The atomically thin 2D nature of suspended graphene membranes holds promising in numerous technological applications. In particular, the outstanding transparency to electron beam endows graphene membranes great potential as a candidate for specimen support of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, major hurdles remain to be addressed to acquire an ultraclean, high-intactness, and defect-free suspended graphene membrane. Here, a polymer-free clean transfer of sub-centimeter-sized graphene single crystals onto TEM grids to fabricate large-area and high-quality suspended graphene membranes has been achieved. Through the control of interfacial force during the transfer, the intactness of large-area graphene membranes can be as high as 95%, prominently larger than reported values in previous works. Graphene liquid cells are readily prepared by π-π stacking two clean single-crystal graphene TEM grids, in which atomic-scale resolution imaging and temporal evolution of colloid Au nanoparticles are recorded. This facile and scalable production of clean and high-quality suspended graphene membrane is promising toward their wide applications for electron and optical microscopy. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Analysis and measurement of the transfer matrix of a 9-cell, 1.3-GHz superconducting cavity

DOE PAGES

Halavanau, A.; Eddy, N.; Edstrom, D.; ...

2017-04-13

Superconducting linacs are capable of producing intense, stable, high-quality electron beams that have found widespread applications in science and industry. Here, the 9-cell, 1.3-GHz superconducting standing-wave accelerating rf cavity originally developed for e +/e - linear-collider applications has been broadly employed in various superconducting-linac designs. In this paper we discuss the transfer matrix of such a cavity and present its measurement performed at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility. Finally, the experimental results are found to be in agreement with analytical calculations and numerical simulations.

Direct drive: Simulations and results from the National Ignition Facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Radha, P. B., E-mail: rbah@lle.rochester.edu; Hohenberger, M.; Edgell, D. H.

Direct-drive implosion physics is being investigated at the National Ignition Facility. The primary goal of the experiments is twofold: to validate modeling related to implosion velocity and to estimate the magnitude of hot-electron preheat. Implosion experiments indicate that the energetics is well-modeled when cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) is included in the simulation and an overall multiplier to the CBET gain factor is employed; time-resolved scattered light and scattered-light spectra display the correct trends. Trajectories from backlit images are well modeled, although those from measured self-emission images indicate increased shell thickness and reduced shell density relative to simulations. Sensitivity analyses indicatemore » that the most likely cause for the density reduction is nonuniformity growth seeded by laser imprint and not laser-energy coupling. Hot-electron preheat is at tolerable levels in the ongoing experiments, although it is expected to increase after the mitigation of CBET. Future work will include continued model validation, imprint measurements, and mitigation of CBET and hot-electron preheat.« less

Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Activity of BiOI Nanoplate-Zinc Oxide Nanorod p-n Heterojunction.

PubMed

Kuang, Pan-Yong; Ran, Jing-Run; Liu, Zhao-Qing; Wang, Hong-Juan; Li, Nan; Su, Yu-Zhi; Jin, Yong-Gang; Qiao, Shi-Zhang

2015-10-19

The development of highly efficient and robust photocatalysts has attracted great attention for solving the global energy crisis and environmental problems. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a p-n heterostructured photocatalyst, consisting of ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs) decorated with BiOI nanoplates (NPs), by a facile solvothermal method. The product thus obtained shows high photoelectrochemical water splitting performance and enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity for pollutant degradation under visible light irradiation. The p-type BiOI NPs, with a narrow band gap, not only act as a sensitizer to absorb visible light and promote electron transfer to the n-type ZnO NRAs, but also increase the contact area with organic pollutants. Meanwhile, ZnO NRAs provide a fast electron-transfer channel, thus resulting in efficient separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs. Such a p-n heterojunction nanocomposite could serve as a novel and promising catalyst in energy and environmental applications. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Halavanau, A.; Eddy, N.; Edstrom, D.

Superconducting linacs are capable of producing intense, ultra-stable, high-quality electron beams that have widespread applications in Science and Industry. Many project are based on the 1.3-GHz TESLA-type superconducting cavity. In this paper we provide an update on a recent experiment aimed at measuring the transfer matrix of a TESLA cavity at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility. The results are discussed and compared with analytical and numerical simulations.

36 CFR 1232.14 - What requirements must an agency meet before it transfers records to a records storage facility?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... agency meet before it transfers records to a records storage facility? 1232.14 Section 1232.14 Parks... RECORDS TO RECORDS STORAGE FACILITIES § 1232.14 What requirements must an agency meet before it transfers records to a records storage facility? An agency must meet the following requirements before it transfers...

Metal-Free Photoinduced Electron Transfer-Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Integrated with Bioinspired Polydopamine Chemistry as a Green Strategy for Surface Engineering of Magnetic Nanoparticles.

PubMed

Yang, Yang; Liu, Xuegang; Ye, Gang; Zhu, Shan; Wang, Zhe; Huo, Xiaomei; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof; Lu, Yuexiang; Chen, Jing

2017-04-19

Developing green and efficient technologies for surface modification of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is of crucial importance for their biomedical and environmental applications. This study reports, for the first time, a novel strategy by integrating metal-free photoinduced electron transfer-atom transfer radical polymerization (PET-ATRP) with the bioinspired polydopamine (PDA) chemistry for controlled architecture of functional polymer brushes from MNPs. Conformal PDA encapsulation layers were initially generated on the surfaces of MNPs, which served as the protective shells while providing an ideal platform for tethering 2-bromo-2-phenylacetic acid (BPA), a highly efficient initiator. Metal-free PET-ATRP technique was then employed for controlled architecture of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) brushes from the core-shell MNPs by using diverse organic dyes as photoredox catalysts. Impacts of light sources (including UV and visible lights), photoredox catalysts, and polymerization time on the composition and morphology of the PGMA brushes were investigated. Moreover, the versatility of the PGMA-functionalized core-shell MNPs was demonstrated by covalent attachment of ethylenediamine (EDA), a model functional molecule, which afforded the MNPs with improved hydrophilicity, dispersibility, and superior binding ability to uranyl ions. The green methodology by integrating metal-free PET-ATRP with facile PDA chemistry would provide better opportunities for surface modification of MNPs and miscellaneous nanomaterials for biomedical and electronic applications.

Design and characterization of an irradiation facility with real-time monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Braisted, Jonathan David

Radiation causes performance degradation in electronics by inducing atomic displacements and ionizations. While radiation hardened components are available, non-radiation hardened electronics can be preferable because they are generally more compact, require less power, and less expensive than radiation tolerant equivalents. It is therefore important to characterize the performance of electronics, both hardened and non-hardened, to prevent costly system or mission failures. Radiation effects tests for electronics generally involve a handful of step irradiations, leading to poorly-resolved data. Step irradiations also introduce uncertainties in electrical measurements due to temperature annealing effects. This effect may be intensified if the time between exposure and measurement is significant. Induced activity in test samples also complicates data collection of step irradiated test samples. The University of Texas at Austin operates a 1.1 MW Mark II TRIGA research reactor. An in-core irradiation facility for radiation effects testing with a real-time monitoring capability has been designed for the UT TRIGA reactor. The facility is larger than any currently available non-central location in a TRIGA, supporting testing of larger electronic components as well as other in-core irradiation applications requiring significant volume such as isotope production or neutron transmutation doping of silicon. This dissertation describes the design and testing of the large in-core irradiation facility and the experimental campaign developed to test the real-time monitoring capability. This irradiation campaign was performed to test the real-time monitoring capability at various reactor power levels. The device chosen for characterization was the 4N25 general-purpose optocoupler. The current transfer ratio, which is an important electrical parameter for optocouplers, was calculated as a function of neutron fluence and gamma dose from the real-time voltage measurements. The resultant radiation effects data was seen to be repeatable and exceptionally finely-resolved. Therefore, the capability at UT TRIGA has been proven competitive with world-class effects characterization facilities.

Coulomb blockade and charge ordering in a few layers of TTF-TCNQ investigated by low-temperature STM/STS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jeon, Seokmin; Maksymovych, Petro

In contrast to the vast effort on bulk crystal phases of the prototypical organic charge-transfer complex, TTF-TCNQ, study of low-dimensional phases has been limited to monolayer phases on substrates. In this state, however, none of the physics of the bulk phase is observed owing to the overwhelming effect of the substrate. We investigate the molecular structure and electronic properties of a few layers of TTF-TCNQ grown on Au(111) and Ag(111) using STM/STS at 4.3 K. By decoupling the molecular electronic state from the metal surface, we have made the first observation of the effect of confinement on the electronic properties of TTF-TCNQ. STS reveals a plethora of sharp features due to molecular orbitals, each influenced by charge-transfer between the molecules. We hypothesize the existence of a Mott-insulator state in 3-layer islands, with a Coulomb gap of ~1 eV. In contrast, the corresponding bulk phase is a Peierls insulator with a gap of ~20 meV. The root cause of the nanoscale phase is traced to simultaneous electron confinement and structural frustration, which dramatically modify the energy balance of self-ionization allowing for integer charge transfer. These studies open broad opportunities to explore correlated electron physics in molecular systems. This research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility.

Laboratory Studies of Thermal Energy Charge Transfer of Silicon and Iron Ions in Astrophysical Plasmas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kwong, Victor H. S.

1996-01-01

Charge transfer at electron-volt energies between multiply charged atomic ions and neutral atoms and molecules is of considerable importance in astrophysics, plasma physics, and in particular, fusion plasmas. In the year covered by this report, several major tasks were completed. These include: (1) the re-calibration of the ion gauge to measure the absolute particle densities of H2, He, N2, and CO for our current measurements; (2) the analysis of data for charge transfer reactions of N(exp 2 plus) ion and He, H2, N2, and CO; (3) measurement and data analysis of the charge transfer reaction of (Fe(exp 2 plus) ion and H2; (4) charge transfer measurement of Fe(exp 2 plus) ion and H2; and (5) redesign and modification of the ion detection and data acquisition system for the low energy beam facility (reflection time of flight mass spectrometer) dedicated to the study of state select charge transfer.

77 FR 69769 - Solid Waste Rail Transfer Facilities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-21

.... SUMMARY: These final rules govern land-use-exemption permits for solid waste rail transfer facilities. The... ``land-use-exemption permits'' in certain circumstances. Under the CRA, a solid waste rail transfer... grants a land-use-exemption permit for a solid waste rail transfer facility, such permit would only...

Facile Dry Surface Cleaning of Graphene by UV Treatment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Jin Hong; Haidari, Mohd Musaib; Choi, Jin Sik; Kim, Hakseong; Yu, Young-Jun; Park, Jonghyurk

2018-05-01

Graphene has been considered an ideal material for application in transparent lightweight wearable electronics due to its extraordinary mechanical, optical, and electrical properties originating from its ordered hexagonal carbon atomic lattice in a layer. Precise surface control is critical in maximizing its performance in electronic applications. Graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition is widely used but it produces polymeric residue following wet/chemical transfer process, which strongly affects its intrinsic electrical properties and limits the doping efficiency by adsorption. Here, we introduce a facile dry-cleaning method based on UV irradiation to eliminate the organic residues even after device fabrication. Through surface topography, Raman analysis, and electrical transport measurement characteristics, we confirm that the optimized UV treatment can recover the clean graphene surface and improve graphene-FET performance more effectively than thermal treatment. We propose our UV irradiation method as a systematically controllable and damage-free post process for application in large-area devices.

Facile synthesis of tetragonal columnar-shaped TiO2 nanorods for the construction of sensitive electrochemical glucose biosensor.

PubMed

Yang, Zhanjun; Tang, Yan; Li, Juan; Zhang, Yongcai; Hu, Xiaoya

2014-04-15

A tetragonal columnar-shaped TiO2 (TCS-TiO2) nanorods are synthesized via a facile route for the immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx). A novel electrochemical glucose biosensor is constructed based on the direct electrochemistry of GOx at TCS-TiO2 modified glassy carbon electrode. The fabricated biosensor is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectra and cyclic voltammetry. The immobilized enzyme molecules on TCS-TiO2 nanorods retain its native structure and bioactivity and show a surface controlled, quasi-reversible and fast electron transfer process. The TCS-TiO2 nanorods have large surface area and provide a favorable microenvironment for enhancing the electron transfer between enzyme and electrode surface. The constructed glucose biosensor shows wide linear range from 5.0×10(-6) to 1.32×10(-3) M with a high sensitivity of 23.2 mA M(-1) cm(-2). The detection limit is calculated to be 2.0×10(-6) M at signal-to-noise of 3. The proposed glucose biosensor also exhibits excellent selectivity, good reproducibility, and acceptable operational stability. Furthermore, the biosensor can be successfully applied in the detection of glucose in serum sample at the applied potential of -0.50 V. The TCS-TiO2 nanorods provide an efficient and promising platform for the immobilization of proteins and development of excellent biosensors. © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Probing the dependence of electron transfer on size and coverage in carbon nanotube-quantum dot heterostructures

DOE PAGES

Wang, Lei; Wong, Stanislaus S.; Han, Jinkyu; ...

2015-11-16

As a model system for understanding charge transfer in novel architectural designs for solar cells, double-walled carbon nanotube (DWNT)–CdSe quantum dot (QD) (QDs with average diameters of 2.3, 3.0, and 4.1 nm) heterostructures have been fabricated. The individual nanoscale building blocks were successfully attached and combined using a hole-trapping thiol linker molecule, i.e., 4-mercaptophenol (MTH), through a facile, noncovalent π–π stacking attachment strategy. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the attachment of QDs onto the external surfaces of the DWNTs. We herein demonstrate a meaningful and unique combination of near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and Raman spectroscopies bolstered by complementary electricalmore » transport measurements in order to elucidate the synergistic interactions between CdSe QDs and DWNTs, which are facilitated by the bridging MTH molecules that can scavenge photoinduced holes and potentially mediate electron redistribution between the conduction bands in CdSe QDs and the C 2p-derived states of the DWNTs. Specifically, we correlated evidence of charge transfer as manifested by (i) changes in the NEXAFS intensities of π* resonance in the C K-edge and Cd M3-edge spectra, (ii) a perceptible outer tube G-band downshift in frequency in Raman spectra, as well as (iii) alterations in the threshold characteristics present in transport data as a function of CdSe QD deposition onto the DWNT surface. Furthermore, the separate effects of (i) varying QD sizes and (ii) QD coverage densities on the electron transfer were independently studied.« less

A highly sensitive and selective fluorimetric probe for intracellular peroxynitrite based on photoinduced electron transfer from ferrocene to carbon dots.

PubMed

Zhu, Jiali; Sun, Shan; Jiang, Kai; Wang, Yuhui; Liu, Wenqing; Lin, Hengwei

2017-11-15

Herein, a highly sensitive and selective fluorimetric nanoprobe for peroxynitrite (ONOO - ) detection based on photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from ferrocene (Fc) to carbon dots (CDs) is reported. The nanoprobe (named CDs-Fc) can be facilely constructed through covalently conjugating CDs and ferrocenecarboxylic acid. Further studies reveal that the energy level of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the CDs is lowered with the addition of ONOO - due to its oxidation and nitration capabilities. Thus, an efficient electron transfer from Fc to the excited states of CDs could occur, leading to obvious fluorescence quenching. The fluorescence quenching of the nanoprobe was determined to be peroxynitrite concentrations dependence with a linear range between 4nM to 0.12μM. Thanks to the excellent optical properties of the CDs and efficient electron transfer efficiency from Fc to the excited CDs, the nanoprobe exhibits very high sensitivity to ONOO - with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.9nM. To the best of our knowledge, this LOD is the highest reported value till today for the detection of peroxynitrite. Besides, the nanoprobe also shows excellent selectivity to ONOO - among a broad range of substances, even including other reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Finally, the nanoprobe was verified to be very low cytotoxicity, and was successfully applied for intracellular ONOO - detection. This work would provide a promising tool for the research of ONOO - in cytobiology and disease diagnosis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mapping Protein Surface Accessibility via an Electron Transfer Dissociation Selectively Cleavable Hydrazone Probe*

PubMed Central

Vasicek, Lisa; O'Brien, John P.; Browning, Karen S.; Tao, Zhihua; Liu, Hung-Wen; Brodbelt, Jennifer S.

2012-01-01

A protein's surface influences its role in protein-protein interactions and protein-ligand binding. Mass spectrometry can be used to give low resolution structural information about protein surfaces and conformations when used in combination with derivatization methods that target surface accessible amino acid residues. However, pinpointing the resulting modified peptides upon enzymatic digestion of the surface-modified protein is challenging because of the complexity of the peptide mixture and low abundance of modified peptides. Here a novel hydrazone reagent (NN) is presented that allows facile identification of all modified surface residues through a preferential cleavage upon activation by electron transfer dissociation coupled with a collision activation scan to pinpoint the modified residue in the peptide sequence. Using this approach, the correlation between percent reactivity and surface accessibility is demonstrated for two biologically active proteins, wheat eIF4E and PARP-1 Domain C. PMID:22393264

Lack of CT scanner in a rural emergency department increases inter-facility transfers: a pilot study.

PubMed

Bergeron, Catherine; Fleet, Richard; Tounkara, Fatoumata Korika; Lavallée-Bourget, Isabelle; Turgeon-Pelchat, Catherine

2017-12-28

Rural emergency departments (EDs) are an important gateway to care for the 20% of Canadians who reside in rural areas. Less than 15% of Canadian rural EDs have access to a computed tomography (CT) scanner. We hypothesized that a significant proportion of inter-facility transfers from rural hospitals without CT scanners are for CT imaging. Our objective was to assess inter-facility transfers for CT imaging in a rural ED without a CT scanner. We selected a rural ED that offers 24/7 medical care with admission beds but no CT scanner. Descriptive statistics were collected from 2010 to 2015 on total ED visits and inter-facility transfers. Data was accessible through hospital and government databases. Between 2010 and 2014, there were respectively 13,531, 13,524, 13,827, 12,883, and 12,942 ED visits, with an average of 444 inter-facility transfers. An average of 33% (148/444) of inter-facility transfers were to a rural referral centre with a CT scan, with 84% being for CT scan. Inter-facility transfers incur costs and potential delays in patient diagnosis and management, yet current databases could not capture transfer times. Acquiring a CT scan may represent a reasonable opportunity for the selected rural hospital considering the number of required transfers.

Vanderbilt free-electron-laser project in biomedical and materials research. Annual report, 1 February 1987-31 January 1988

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Haglund, R.F.; Tolk, N.H.

The Medical Free Electron Laser Program was awarded to develop, construct and operate a free-electron laser facility dedicated to biomedical and materials studies, with particular emphases on: fundamental studies of absorption and localization of electromagnetic energy on and near material surfaces, especially through electronic and other selective, non-statistical processes; non-thermal photon-materials interactions (e.g., electronic bond-breaking or vibrational energy transfer) in physical and biological materials as well as in long-wavelength biopolymer dynamics; development of FEL-based methods to study drug action and to characterize biomolecular properties and metabolic processes in biomembranes; clinical applications in otolaryngology, neurosurgery, ophthalmology and radiology stressing the usemore » of the laser for selective laser-tissue, laser-cellular and laser-molecule interactions in both therapeutic and diagnostic modalities.« less

Effect of Energetic Electrons Produced by Raman Scattering on Hohlraum Dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Strozzi, D. J.; Bailey, D. S.; Doeppner, T.; Divol, L.; Harte, J. A.; Michel, P.; Thomas, C. A.

2016-10-01

A reduced model of laser-plasma interactions, namely crossed-beam energy transfer and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), has recently been implemented in a self-consistent or ``inline'' way in radiation-hydrodynamics codes. We extend this work to treat the energetic electrons produced by Langmuir waves (LWs) from SRS by a suprathermal, multigroup diffusion model. This gives less spatially localized heating than depositing the LW energy into the local electron fluid. We compare the resulting hard x-ray production to imaging data on the National Ignition Facility, which indicate significant emission around the laser entrance hole. We assess the effects of energetic electrons, as well as background electron heat flow, on hohlraum dynamics and capsule implosion symmetry. Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. D.O.E. by LLNL under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344.

Hierarchical architecture of ReS2/rGO composites with enhanced electrochemical properties for lithium-ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qi, Fei; Chen, Yuanfu; Zheng, Binjie; He, Jiarui; Li, Qian; Wang, Xinqiang; Lin, Jie; Zhou, Jinhao; Yu, Bo; Li, Pingjian; Zhang, Wanli

2017-08-01

Rhenium disulfide (ReS2), a two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor, has attracted more and more attention due to its unique anisotropic electronic, optical, mechanical properties. However, the facile synthesis and electrochemical property of ReS2 and its composite are still necessary to be researched. In this study, for the first time, the ReS2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites have been synthesized through a facile and one-pot hydrothermal method. The ReS2/rGO composites exhibit a hierarchical, interconnected, and porous architecture constructed by nanosheets. As anode for lithium-ion batteries, the as-synthesized ReS2/rGO composites deliver a large initial capacity of 918 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C. In addition, the ReS2/rGO composites exhibit much better electrochemical cycling stability and rate capability than that of bare ReS2. The significant enhancement in electrochemical property can be attributed to its unique architecture constructed by nanosheets and porous structure, which can allow for easy electrolyte infiltration, efficient electron transfer, and ionic diffusion. Furthermore, the graphene with high electronic conductivity can provide good conductive passageways. The facile synthesis approach can be extended to prepare other 2D transition metal dichalcogenides semiconductors for energy storage and catalytic application.

A glucose biosensor based on partially unzipped carbon nanotubes.

PubMed

Hu, Huifang; Feng, Miao; Zhan, Hongbing

2015-08-15

An amperometric glucose biosensor based on direct electron transfer of glucose oxidase (GOD) self-assembled on the surface of partially unzipped carbon nanotubes (PUCNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has been successfully fabricated. PUCNTs were synthesized via a facile chemical oxidative etching CNTs and used as a novel immobilization matrix for GOD. The cyclic voltammetric result of the PUCNT/GOD/GCE showed a pair of well-defined and quasi-reversible redox peaks with a formal potential of -0.470V and a peak to peak separation of 37mV, revealing that the fast direct electron transfer between GOD and the electrode has been achieved. It is notable that the glucose determination has been achieved in mediator-free condition. The developed biosensor displayed satisfactory analytical performance toward glucose including high sensitivity (19.50μA mM(-1)cm(-2)), low apparent Michaelis-Menten (5.09mM), a wide linear range of 0-17mM, and also preventing the interference from ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine usually coexisting with glucose in human blood. In addition, the biosensor acquired excellent storage stabilities. This facile, fast, environment-friendly and economical preparation strategy of PUCNT-GOD may provide a new platform for the fabrication of biocompatible glucose biosensors and other types of biosensors. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

9 CFR 590.506 - Candling and transfer-room facilities and equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Candling and transfer-room facilities... INSPECTION ACT) Sanitary, Processing, and Facility Requirements § 590.506 Candling and transfer-room facilities and equipment. (a) The room shall be so constructed that it can be adequately darkened to assure...

9 CFR 590.506 - Candling and transfer-room facilities and equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Candling and transfer-room facilities... INSPECTION ACT) Sanitary, Processing, and Facility Requirements § 590.506 Candling and transfer-room facilities and equipment. (a) The room shall be so constructed that it can be adequately darkened to assure...

9 CFR 590.506 - Candling and transfer-room facilities and equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Candling and transfer-room facilities... INSPECTION ACT) Sanitary, Processing, and Facility Requirements § 590.506 Candling and transfer-room facilities and equipment. (a) The room shall be so constructed that it can be adequately darkened to assure...

9 CFR 590.506 - Candling and transfer-room facilities and equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Candling and transfer-room facilities... INSPECTION ACT) Sanitary, Processing, and Facility Requirements § 590.506 Candling and transfer-room facilities and equipment. (a) The room shall be so constructed that it can be adequately darkened to assure...

Ion Trap Collisional Activation of c and z• Ions Formed via Gas-Phase Ion/Ion Electron Transfer Dissociation

PubMed Central

Han, Hongling; Xia, Yu; McLuckey, Scott A.

2008-01-01

A series of c- and z•-type product ions formed via gas-phase electron transfer ion/ion reactions between protonated polypeptides with azobenzene radical anions are subjected to ion trap collision activation in a linear ion trap. Fragment ions including a-, b-, y-type and ammonia-loss ions are typically observed in collision induced dissociation (CID) of c ions, showing almost identical CID patterns as those of the C-terminal amidated peptides consisting of the same sequences. Collisional activation of z• species mainly gives rise to side-chain losses and peptide backbone cleavages resulting in a-, b-, c-, x-, y-and z-type ions. Most of the fragmentation pathways of z• species upon ion trap CID can be accounted for by radical driven processes. The side-chain losses from z• species are different from the small losses observed from the charge-reduced peptide molecular species in electron transfer dissociation (ETD), which indicates rearrangement of the radical species. Characteristic side-chain losses are observed for several amino acid residues, which are useful to predict their presence in peptide/protein ions. Furthermore, the unique side-chain losses from leucine and isoleucine residues allow facile distinction of these two isomeric residues. PMID:17608403

Tailored electron bunches with smooth current profiles for enhanced transformer ratios in beam-driven acceleration

DOE PAGES

Lemery, F.; Piot, P.

2015-08-03

Collinear high-gradient O(GV/m) beam-driven wakefield methods for charged-particle acceleration could be critical to the realization of compact, cost-efficient, accelerators, e.g., in support of TeV-scale lepton colliders or multiple-user free-electron laser facilities. To make these options viable, the high accelerating fields need to be complemented with large transformer ratios >2, a parameter characterizing the efficiency of the energy transfer between a wakefield-exciting “drive” bunch to an accelerated “witness” bunch. While several potential current distributions have been discussed, their practical realization appears challenging due to their often discontinuous nature. In this paper we propose several alternative continuously differentiable (smooth) current profiles whichmore » support enhanced transformer ratios. We especially demonstrate that one of the devised shapes can be implemented in a photo-emission electron source by properly shaping the photocathode-laser pulse. We finally discuss a possible superconducting linear-accelerator concept that could produce shaped drive bunches at high-repetition rates to drive a dielectric-wakefield accelerator with accelerating fields on the order of ~60 MV/m and a transformer ratio ~5 consistent with a recently proposed multiuser free-electron laser facility.« less

Tailored electron bunches with smooth current profiles for enhanced transformer ratios in beam-driven acceleration

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lemery, F.; Piot, P.

Collinear high-gradient O(GV/m) beam-driven wakefield methods for charged-particle acceleration could be critical to the realization of compact, cost-efficient, accelerators, e.g., in support of TeV-scale lepton colliders or multiple-user free-electron laser facilities. To make these options viable, the high accelerating fields need to be complemented with large transformer ratios >2, a parameter characterizing the efficiency of the energy transfer between a wakefield-exciting “drive” bunch to an accelerated “witness” bunch. While several potential current distributions have been discussed, their practical realization appears challenging due to their often discontinuous nature. In this paper we propose several alternative continuously differentiable (smooth) current profiles whichmore » support enhanced transformer ratios. We especially demonstrate that one of the devised shapes can be implemented in a photo-emission electron source by properly shaping the photocathode-laser pulse. We finally discuss a possible superconducting linear-accelerator concept that could produce shaped drive bunches at high-repetition rates to drive a dielectric-wakefield accelerator with accelerating fields on the order of ~60 MV/m and a transformer ratio ~5 consistent with a recently proposed multiuser free-electron laser facility.« less

SSC OCIO, IT SUMMIT 2011

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cottrell, Dinna L.

2011-01-01

The Stennis Space Center (SSC) Records Retention Facility is a centralized location for all SSC records, Records Management staff, and the SSC History Office. The building is a storm resistant facility and provides a secure environment for records housing. The Records Retention Facility was constructed in accordance with The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements for records storage, making it the first NARA compliant facility in the agency. Stennis Space Center's Records Retention Facility became operational in May 2010. The SSC Records Retention Facility ensures that the required federal records are preserved, managed and accessible to all interested personnel. The facility provides 20,000 cubic feet of records storage capacity for the purpose of managing the centers consolidated records within a central, protected environment. Records housed in the facility are in the form of paper, optical, film and magnetic media. Located within the SSC Records Retention Facility, the Records Management Office provides comprehensive records management services in the form of: a) Storage and life-cycle management of inactive records of all media types; b) Digitizing/scanning of records and documents; c) Non-textual/digital electronic records media storage, migration and transfer; d) Records Remediation.

Microwave assisted facile hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide flower grown on graphene oxide sheets for enhanced photodegradation of dyes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kashinath, L.; Namratha, K.; Byrappa, K.

2015-12-01

Microwave assisted hydrothermal process of synthesis of ZnO-GO nanocomposite by using ZnCl2 and NaOH as precursors is being reported first time. In this investigation, a novel route to study on synthesis, interaction, kinetics and mechanism of hybrid zinc oxide-graphene oxide (ZnO-GO) nanocomposite using microwave assisted facile hydrothermal method has been reported. The results shows that the ZnO-GO nanocomposite exhibits an enhancement and acts as stable photo-response degradation performance of Brilliant Yellow under the UV light radiation better than pure GO and ZnO nanoparticles. The microwave exposure played a vital role in the synthesis process, it facilitates with well define crystalline structure, porosity and fine morphology of ZnO/GO nanocomposite. Different molar concentrations of ZnO precursors doped to GO sheets were been synthesized, characterized and their photodegradation performances were investigated. The optical studies by UV-vis and Photo Luminescence shows an increase in band gap of nanocomposite, which added an advantage in photodegradation performance. The in situ flower like ZnO nano particles are were densely decorated and anchored on the surfaces of graphene oxide sheets which aids in the enhancement of the surface area, adsorption, mass transfer of dyes and evolution of oxygen species. The nanocomposite having high surface area and micro/mesoporous in nature. This structure and morphology supports significantly in increasing photo catalytic performance legitimate to the efficient photosensitized electron injection and repressed electron recombination due to electron transfer process with GO as electron collector and transporter dependent on the proportion of GO in ZnO/GO composite.

40 CFR 63.7936 - What requirements must I meet if I transfer remediation material off-site to another facility?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... transfer remediation material off-site to another facility? 63.7936 Section 63.7936 Protection of... Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation General Compliance Requirements § 63.7936 What requirements must I meet if I transfer remediation material off-site to another facility? (a) If you transfer to...

Direct drive: Simulations and results from the National Ignition Facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Radha, P. B.; Hohenberger, M.; Edgell, D. H.

Here, the direct-drive implosion physics is being investigated at the National Ignition Facility. The primary goal of the experiments is twofold: to validate modeling related to implosion velocity and to estimate the magnitude of hot-electron preheat. Implosion experiments indicate that the energetics is well-modeled when cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) is included in the simulation and an overall multiplier to the CBET gain factor is employed; time-resolved scattered light and scattered-light spectra display the correct trends. Trajectories from backlit images are well modeled, although those from measured self-emission images indicate increased shell thickness and reduced shell density relative to simulations. Sensitivitymore » analyses indicate that the most likely cause for the density reduction is nonuniformity growth seeded by laser imprint and not laser-energy coupling. Hot-electron preheat is at tolerable levels in the ongoing experiments, although it is expected to increase after the mitigation of CBET. Future work will include continued model validation, imprint measurements, and mitigation of CBET and hot-electron preheat.« less

Direct drive: Simulations and results from the National Ignition Facility

DOE PAGES

Radha, P. B.; Hohenberger, M.; Edgell, D. H.; ...

2016-04-19

Here, the direct-drive implosion physics is being investigated at the National Ignition Facility. The primary goal of the experiments is twofold: to validate modeling related to implosion velocity and to estimate the magnitude of hot-electron preheat. Implosion experiments indicate that the energetics is well-modeled when cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) is included in the simulation and an overall multiplier to the CBET gain factor is employed; time-resolved scattered light and scattered-light spectra display the correct trends. Trajectories from backlit images are well modeled, although those from measured self-emission images indicate increased shell thickness and reduced shell density relative to simulations. Sensitivitymore » analyses indicate that the most likely cause for the density reduction is nonuniformity growth seeded by laser imprint and not laser-energy coupling. Hot-electron preheat is at tolerable levels in the ongoing experiments, although it is expected to increase after the mitigation of CBET. Future work will include continued model validation, imprint measurements, and mitigation of CBET and hot-electron preheat.« less

33 CFR 127.315 - Preliminary transfer inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) WATERFRONT FACILITIES WATERFRONT FACILITIES HANDLING LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS AND LIQUEFIED HAZARDOUS GAS Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Natural Gas Operations § 127.315 Preliminary transfer... parts; (b) For each of the vessel's cargo tanks from which cargo will be transferred, note the pressure...

10 CFR 770.8 - May DOE transfer real property at defense nuclear facilities for economic development at less...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... facilities for economic development at less than fair market value? 770.8 Section 770.8 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT § 770.8 May DOE transfer real property at defense nuclear facilities for economic development at less than fair market...

Facile synthesis of 3D few-layered MoS2 coated TiO2 nanosheet core-shell nanostructures for stable and high-performance lithium-ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Biao; Zhao, Naiqin; Guo, Lichao; He, Fang; Shi, Chunsheng; He, Chunnian; Li, Jiajun; Liu, Enzuo

2015-07-01

Uniform transition metal sulfide deposition on a smooth TiO2 surface to form a coating structure is a well-known challenge, caused mainly due to their poor affinities. Herein, we report a facile strategy for fabricating mesoporous 3D few-layered (<4 layers) MoS2 coated TiO2 nanosheet core-shell nanocomposites (denoted as 3D FL-MoS2@TiO2) by a novel two-step method using a smooth TiO2 nanosheet as a template and glucose as a binder. The core-shell structure has been systematically examined and corroborated by transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. It is found that the resultant 3D FL-MoS2@TiO2 as a lithium-ion battery anode delivers an outstanding high-rate capability with an excellent cycling performance, relating to the unique structure of 3D FL-MoS2@TiO2. The 3D uniform coverage of few-layered (<4 layers) MoS2 onto the TiO2 can remarkably enhance the structure stability and effectively shortens the transfer paths of both lithium ions and electrons, while the strong synergistic effect between MoS2 and TiO2 can significantly facilitate the transport of ions and electrons across the interfaces, especially in the high-rate charge-discharge process. Moreover, the facile fabrication strategy can be easily extended to design other oxide/carbon-sulfide/oxide core-shell materials for extensive applications.Uniform transition metal sulfide deposition on a smooth TiO2 surface to form a coating structure is a well-known challenge, caused mainly due to their poor affinities. Herein, we report a facile strategy for fabricating mesoporous 3D few-layered (<4 layers) MoS2 coated TiO2 nanosheet core-shell nanocomposites (denoted as 3D FL-MoS2@TiO2) by a novel two-step method using a smooth TiO2 nanosheet as a template and glucose as a binder. The core-shell structure has been systematically examined and corroborated by transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. It is found that the resultant 3D FL-MoS2@TiO2 as a lithium-ion battery anode delivers an outstanding high-rate capability with an excellent cycling performance, relating to the unique structure of 3D FL-MoS2@TiO2. The 3D uniform coverage of few-layered (<4 layers) MoS2 onto the TiO2 can remarkably enhance the structure stability and effectively shortens the transfer paths of both lithium ions and electrons, while the strong synergistic effect between MoS2 and TiO2 can significantly facilitate the transport of ions and electrons across the interfaces, especially in the high-rate charge-discharge process. Moreover, the facile fabrication strategy can be easily extended to design other oxide/carbon-sulfide/oxide core-shell materials for extensive applications. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Supplementary SEM, TEM, XPS and EIS analyses. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03334a

10 CFR 770.8 - May DOE transfer real property at defense nuclear facilities for economic development at less...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false May DOE transfer real property at defense nuclear... ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT § 770.8 May DOE transfer real property at defense nuclear facilities for economic development at less than fair market...

10 CFR 770.8 - May DOE transfer real property at defense nuclear facilities for economic development at less...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false May DOE transfer real property at defense nuclear... ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT § 770.8 May DOE transfer real property at defense nuclear facilities for economic development at less than fair market...

Facile doping of anionic narrow-band-gap conjugated polyelectrolytes during dialysis.

PubMed

Mai, Cheng-Kang; Zhou, Huiqiong; Zhang, Yuan; Henson, Zachary B; Nguyen, Thuc-Quyen; Heeger, Alan J; Bazan, Guillermo C

2013-12-02

PCPDTBTSO3 K, an anionic, narrow-band-gap conjugated polyelectrolyte, was found to be doped after dialysis. The proposed doping mechanism involves protonation of the polymer backbone, followed by electron transfer from a neutral chain, to generate radical cations, which are stabilized by the pendant sulfonate anions. Formation of polarons is supported by spectroscopy and electrical-conductivity measurements. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Property transfer

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-08-24

Stennis Space Center Director Patrick Scheuermann (l) addresses visitors gathered for the official transfer of the former Mississippi Army Ammunition Plant facilities to NASA. The action transferred 1.6 million square feet of facility space, increasing Stennis work facilities by about one-third and setting the stage for years of expansion.

Design and performance of the spin asymmetries of the nucleon experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maxwell, J. D.; Armstrong, W. R.; Choi, S.; Jones, M. K.; Kang, H.; Liyanage, A.; Meziani, Z.-E.; Mulholland, J.; Ndukum, L.; Rondón, O. A.; Ahmidouch, A.; Albayrak, I.; Asaturyan, A.; Ates, O.; Baghdasaryan, H.; Boeglin, W.; Bosted, P.; Brash, E.; Brock, J.; Butuceanu, C.; Bychkov, M.; Carlin, C.; Carter, P.; Chen, C.; Chen, J.-P.; Christy, M. E.; Covrig, S.; Crabb, D.; Danagoulian, S.; Daniel, A.; Davidenko, A. M.; Davis, B.; Day, D.; Deconinck, W.; Deur, A.; Dunne, J.; Dutta, D.; El Fassi, L.; Elaasar, M.; Ellis, C.; Ent, R.; Flay, D.; Frlez, E.; Gaskell, D.; Geagla, O.; German, J.; Gilman, R.; Gogami, T.; Gomez, J.; Goncharenko, Y. M.; Hashimoto, O.; Higinbotham, D. W.; Horn, T.; Huber, G. M.; Jones, M.; Kalantarians, N.; Kang, H. K.; Kawama, D.; Keith, C.; Keppel, C.; Khandaker, M.; Kim, Y.; King, P. M.; Kohl, M.; Kovacs, K.; Kubarovsky, V.; Li, Y.; Liyanage, N.; Luo, W.; Mamyan, V.; Markowitz, P.; Maruta, T.; Meekins, D.; Melnik, Y. M.; Mkrtchyan, A.; Mkrtchyan, H.; Mochalov, V. V.; Monaghan, P.; Narayan, A.; Nakamura, S. N.; Nuruzzaman; Pentchev, L.; Pocanic, D.; Posik, M.; Puckett, A.; Qiu, X.; Reinhold, J.; Riordan, S.; Roche, J.; Sawatzky, B.; Shabestari, M.; Slifer, K.; Smith, G.; Soloviev, L.; Solvignon, P.; Tadevosyan, V.; Tang, L.; Vasiliev, A. N.; Veilleux, M.; Walton, T.; Wesselmann, F.; Wood, S. A.; Yao, H.; Ye, Z.; Zhu, L.

2018-03-01

The Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment (SANE) performed inclusive, double-polarized electron scattering measurements of the proton at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility at Jefferson Lab. A novel detector array observed scattered electrons of four-momentum transfer 2 . 5

alpha Arg-237 in Methylophilus methylotrophus (sp. W3A1) electron-transferring flavoprotein affords approximately 200-millivolt stabilization of the FAD anionic semiquinone and a kinetic block on full reduction to the dihydroquinone.

PubMed

Talfournier, F; Munro, A W; Basran, J; Sutcliffe, M J; Daff, S; Chapman, S K; Scrutton, N S

2001-06-08

The midpoint reduction potentials of the FAD cofactor in wild-type Methylophilus methylotrophus (sp. W3A1) electron-transferring flavoprotein (ETF) and the alphaR237A mutant were determined by anaerobic redox titration. The FAD reduction potential of the oxidized-semiquinone couple in wild-type ETF (E'(1)) is +153 +/- 2 mV, indicating exceptional stabilization of the flavin anionic semiquinone species. Conversion to the dihydroquinone is incomplete (E'(2) < -250 mV), because of the presence of both kinetic and thermodynamic blocks on full reduction of the FAD. A structural model of ETF (Chohan, K. K., Scrutton, N. S., and Sutcliffe, M. J. (1998) Protein Pept. Lett. 5, 231-236) suggests that the guanidinium group of Arg-237, which is located over the si face of the flavin isoalloxazine ring, plays a key role in the exceptional stabilization of the anionic semiquinone in wild-type ETF. The major effect of exchanging alphaArg-237 for Ala in M. methylotrophus ETF is to engineer a remarkable approximately 200-mV destabilization of the flavin anionic semiquinone (E'(2) = -31 +/- 2 mV, and E'(1) = -43 +/- 2 mV). In addition, reduction to the FAD dihydroquinone in alphaR237A ETF is relatively facile, indicating that the kinetic block seen in wild-type ETF is substantially removed in the alphaR237A ETF. Thus, kinetic (as well as thermodynamic) considerations are important in populating the redox forms of the protein-bound flavin. Additionally, we show that electron transfer from trimethylamine dehydrogenase to alphaR237A ETF is severely compromised, because of impaired assembly of the electron transfer complex.

Novel Z-scheme BiOBr/reduced graphene oxide/protonated g-C3N4 photocatalyst: Synthesis, characterization, visible light photocatalytic activity and mechanism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bao, Yongchao; Chen, Kezheng

2018-04-01

The novel BiOBr/reduced graphene oxide/protonated g-C3N4 (BiOBr/RGO/pg-C3N4) composites were successfully synthesized by using a facile solvothermal synthesis method. The structure, morphology, optical and electronic properties were explored by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and photoelectrochemical measurement. The photocatalytic activities of as-synthesized samples were evaluated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (Rh B) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) aqueous solution under visible light irradiation (λ > 420nm). Compared with BiOBr, protonated g-C3N4 (pg-C3N4), BiOBr/pg-C3N4 and RGO/pg-C3N4, BiOBr/RGO/pg-C3N4 composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal ratios of Rh B and TC over 10% BiOBr/RGO/pg-C3N4 were 88% and 59%, respectively. The excellent photcatalytic performance was investigated by photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), the radical quenching and electron spin resonance experiments. A Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism was proposed, in which RGO acted as an electron transfer mediator. It was worth pointing out that the closely contacted two-dimensional interface among the BiOBr, the RGO and pg-C3N4 promoted the separation and transfer of photo-generated charge carriers, and thus enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency.

Technology Transfer Demonstration Project. Progress report, December 1993--January 1994

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1994-06-01

The Rural Enterprises Industrial Incubator program offers beginning business a stable foundation on which to build long-term profitable concerns. These incubator facilities consist of buildings for the specific purpose of starting a new manufacturing business and are designed to accommodate a variety of manufacturing firms. Incubators are located on the Kiamichi Area Vocational Technical School system (KAVTS) campuses in Durant, Atoka, Hugo, McAlester, Stigler, Poteau, Idabel, at the REI headquarters and one in Bennington, OK. These facilities range in size from 4,800 sq.ft. to 14,000 sq.ft. and have housed businesses such as machine shops, metal fabrication companies, electronic assembly andmore » biomedical engineering firms.« less

49 CFR 1155.21 - Contents of application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... meets the definition of a solid waste rail transfer facility at 49 U.S.C. 10909(e)(1)(H). (17) A... a solid waste rail transfer facility, and, if so, why. (c) Environmental impact. The applicant shall... OF TRANSPORTATION RULES OF PRACTICE SOLID WASTE RAIL TRANSFER FACILITIES Procedures Governing...

49 CFR 1155.21 - Contents of application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... meets the definition of a solid waste rail transfer facility at 49 U.S.C. 10909(e)(1)(H). (17) A... OF TRANSPORTATION RULES OF PRACTICE SOLID WASTE RAIL TRANSFER FACILITIES Procedures Governing... address of the solid waste rail transfer facility, or, if not available, the city, State, and United...

The Low Temperature Microgravity Physics Experiments Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holmes, Warren; Lai, Anthony; Croonquist, Arvid; Chui, Talso; Eraker, J. H.; Abbott, Randy; Mills, Gary; Mohl, James; Craig, James; Balachandra, Balu;

The PEPPo method for polarized positrons and PEPPo II

DOE PAGES

Cardman, Lawrence S.

2018-05-01

The Polarized Electrons for Polarized Positrons (PEPPo) experiment at the injector of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility demonstrated for the first time the efficient transfer of polarization from electrons to positrons via a two-step process: polarized bremsstrahlung radiation is induced by a polarized electron beam in a high-Z target; then the polarized bremsstrahlung produces polarized positrons via the pair-production process in the same target. Positron polarization up to 82% was measured for an initial electron beam momentum of 8.19 MeV/c, limited only by the electron beam polarization of 85%. This technique extends polarized positron capabilities from GeV to MeVmore » electron beams, and opens access to polarized positron beam physics to a wide community. We present the results of the PEPPo experiment and outline tentative plans for a follow-up experiment that would investigate key aspects of an approach based on PEPPo as a polarized positron source for the 12 GeV Upgrade of CEBAF.« less

Orbital transfer vehicle launch operations study: Manpower summary and facility requirements, volume 5

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1986-01-01

All manpower numbers, number of heads (by skill), serial time and manhours have been accumulated and compiled on a per subtask basis in spreadsheet format for both the ground based and the space based data flows. To aid in identifying the facility resources required to process the Ground Based Orbital Transfer Vehicle (GBOTV) and/or the space based orbital transfer vehicle (SBOTV) through the ground facilities at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), a software application package was developed using a general purpose data base management system known as Data Flex. The facility requirements are used as the basic input to this software application. The resources of the KSC facility that could be used by orbital transfer vehicle program were digitized in the same format used to identify facility requirements. The facility capabilities were digitized in this format for subsequent, automated comparative analyses. Composite facility requirements are compared to each of the baseline facility capabilities and the system generates a relative score that indicates how each facility weighs against the composite requirements in relation to the other facilities in the set.

Inter-facility transfer of surgical emergencies in a developing country: effects on management and surgical outcomes.

PubMed

Khan, Salma; Zafar, Hasnain; Zafar, Syed Nabeel; Haroon, Naveed

2014-02-01

Outcomes of surgical emergencies are associated with promptness of the appropriate surgical intervention. However, delayed presentation of surgical patients is common in most developing countries. Delays commonly occur due to transfer of patients between facilities. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of delays in treatment caused by inter-facility transfers of patients presenting with surgical emergencies as measured by objective and subjective parameters. We prospectively collected data on all patients presenting with an acute surgical emergency at Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH). Information regarding demographics, social class, reason and number of transfers, and distance traveled were collected. Patients were categorized into two groups, those transferred to AKUH from another facility (transferred) and direct arrivals (non-transfers). Differences between presenting physiological parameters, vital statistics, and management were tested between the two groups by the chi square and t tests. Ninety-nine patients were included, 49 (49.5 %) patients having been transferred from another facility. The most common reason for transfer was "lack of satisfactory surgical care." There were significant differences in presenting pulse, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, fluid for resuscitation, glasgow coma scale, and revised trauma score (all p values <0.001) between transferred and non-transferred patients. In 56 patients there was a further delay in admission, and the most common reason was bed availability, followed by financial constraints. Three patients were shifted out of the hospital due to lack of ventilator, and 14 patients left against medical advice due to financial limitations. One patient died. Inter-facility transfer of patients with surgical emergencies is common. These patients arrive with deranged physiology which requires complex and prolonged hospital care. Patients who cannot afford treatment are most vulnerable to transfers and delays.

9 CFR 590.506 - Candling and transfer-room facilities and equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Candling and transfer-room facilities... INSPECTION ACT) Sanitary, Processing, and Facility Requirements § 590.506 Candling and transfer-room... containers are furnished daily. (h) Shell egg conveyors shall be constructed so that they can be thoroughly...

C-N bond cleavage of anilines by a (salen)ruthenium(VI) nitrido complex.

PubMed

Man, Wai-Lun; Xie, Jianhui; Pan, Yi; Lam, William W Y; Kwong, Hoi-Ki; Ip, Kwok-Wa; Yiu, Shek-Man; Lau, Kai-Chung; Lau, Tai-Chu

2013-04-17

We report experimental and computational studies of the facile oxidative C-N bond cleavage of anilines by a (salen)ruthenium(VI) nitrido complex. We provide evidence that the initial step involves nucleophilic attack of aniline at the nitrido ligand of the ruthenium complex, which is followed by proton and electron transfer to afford a (salen)ruthenium(II) diazonium intermediate. This intermediate then undergoes unimolecular decomposition to generate benzene and N2.

Facile room-temperature synthesis of carboxylated graphene oxide-copper sulfide nanocomposite with high photodegradation and disinfection activities under solar light irradiation

PubMed Central

Yu, Shuyan; Liu, Jincheng; Zhu, Wenyu; Hu, Zhong-Ting; Lim, Teik-Thye; Yan, Xiaoli

2015-01-01

Carboxylic acid functionalized graphene oxide-copper (II) sulfide nanoparticle composite (GO-COOH-CuS) was prepared from carboxylated graphene oxide and copper precursor in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by a facile synthesis process at room temperature. The high-effective combination, the interaction between GO-COOH sheets and CuS nanoparticles, and the enhanced visible light absorption were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The as-synthesized GO-COOH-CuS nanocomposite exhibited excellent photocatalytic degradation performance of phenol and rhodamine B, high antibacterial activity toward E. coli and B. subtilis, and good recovery and reusability. The influence of CuS content, the synergistic reaction between CuS and GO-COOH, and the charge-transfer mechanism were systematically investigated. The facile and low-energy synthesis process combined with the excellent degradation and antibacterial performance signify that the GO-COOH-CuS has a great potential for water treatment application. PMID:26553709

Fully Printed Ultraflexible Supercapacitor Supported by a Single-Textile Substrate.

PubMed

Zhang, Huihui; Qiao, Yan; Lu, Zhisong

2016-11-30

Textile-based supercapacitors have recently attracted much attention owing to their great potential as energy storage components in wearable electronics. However, fabrication of a high-performance, fully printed, and ultraflexible supercapacitor based on a single textile still remains a great challenge. Herein, a facile, low-cost, and textile-compatible method involving screen printing and transfer printing is developed to construct all-solid-state supercapacitors on a single silk fabric. The system exhibits a high specific capacitance of 19.23 mF cm -2 at a current density of 1 mA cm -2 and excellent cycling stability with capacitance retention of 84% after 2000 charging/discharging cycles. In addition, the device possesses superior mechanical stability with stable performance and structures after 100 times of bending and twisting. A butterfly-patterned supercapacitor was manufactured to demonstrate the compatibility of the printing approaches to textile aesthetics. This work may provide a facile and versatile approach for fabricating rationally designed ultraflexible textile-based power-storage elements for potential applications in smart textiles and stretchable/flexible electronics.

33 CFR 156.150 - Declaration of inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... operation if not at a facility; (3) The date and time the transfer operation is started; (4) A list of the... transfer operations on the transferring vessel or facility and a space for the date, time of signing... transferring product; and (6) The date and time the transfer operation is completed. (d) The form for the...

33 CFR 156.150 - Declaration of inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... operation if not at a facility; (3) The date and time the transfer operation is started; (4) A list of the... transfer operations on the transferring vessel or facility and a space for the date, time of signing... transferring product; and (6) The date and time the transfer operation is completed. (d) The form for the...

33 CFR 156.150 - Declaration of inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... operation if not at a facility; (3) The date and time the transfer operation is started; (4) A list of the... transfer operations on the transferring vessel or facility and a space for the date, time of signing... transferring product; and (6) The date and time the transfer operation is completed. (d) The form for the...

33 CFR 156.150 - Declaration of inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... operation if not at a facility; (3) The date and time the transfer operation is started; (4) A list of the... transfer operations on the transferring vessel or facility and a space for the date, time of signing... transferring product; and (6) The date and time the transfer operation is completed. (d) The form for the...

33 CFR 156.150 - Declaration of inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... operation if not at a facility; (3) The date and time the transfer operation is started; (4) A list of the... transfer operations on the transferring vessel or facility and a space for the date, time of signing... transferring product; and (6) The date and time the transfer operation is completed. (d) The form for the...

Using business intelligence for efficient inter-facility patient transfer.

PubMed

Haque, Waqar; Derksen, Beth Ann; Calado, Devin; Foster, Lee

2015-01-01

In the context of inter-facility patient transfer, a transfer operator must be able to objectively identify a destination which meets the needs of a patient, while keeping in mind each facility's limitations. We propose a solution which uses Business Intelligence (BI) techniques to analyze data related to healthcare infrastructure and services, and provides a web based system to identify optimal destination(s). The proposed inter-facility transfer system uses a single data warehouse with an Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) cube built on top that supplies analytical data to multiple reports embedded in web pages. The data visualization tool includes map based navigation of the health authority as well as an interactive filtering mechanism which finds facilities meeting the selected criteria. The data visualization is backed by an intuitive data entry web form which safely constrains the data, ensuring consistency and a single version of truth. The overall time required to identify the destination for inter-facility transfers is reduced from hours to a few minutes with this interactive solution.

HB-Line Plutonium Oxide Data Collection Strategy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Watkins, R.; Varble, J.; Jordan, J.

2015-05-26

HB-Line and H-Canyon will handle and process plutonium material to produce plutonium oxide for feed to the Mixed Oxide Fuel Fabrication Facility (MFFF). However, the plutonium oxide product will not be transferred to the MFFF directly from HB-Line until it is packaged into a qualified DOE-STD-3013-2012 container. In the interim, HB-Line will load plutonium oxide into an inner, filtered can. The inner can will be placed in a filtered bag, which will be loaded into a filtered outer can. The outer can will be loaded into a certified 9975 with getter assembly in compliance with onsite transportation requirement, for subsequentmore » storage and transfer to the K-Area Complex (KAC). After DOE-STD-3013-2012 container packaging capabilities are established, the product will be returned to HB-Line to be packaged into a qualified DOE-STD-3013-2012 container. To support the transfer of plutonium oxide to KAC and then eventually to MFFF, various material and packaging data will have to be collected and retained. In addition, data from initial HB-Line processing operations will be needed to support future DOE-STD-3013-2012 qualification as amended by the HB-Line DOE Standard equivalency. As production increases, the volume of data to collect will increase. The HB-Line data collected will be in the form of paper copies and electronic media. Paper copy data will, at a minimum, consist of facility procedures, nonconformance reports (NCRs), and DCS print outs. Electronic data will be in the form of Adobe portable document formats (PDFs). Collecting all the required data for each plutonium oxide can will be no small effort for HB-Line, and will become more challenging once the maximum annual oxide production throughput is achieved due to the sheer volume of data to be collected. The majority of the data collected will be in the form of facility procedures, DCS print outs, and laboratory results. To facilitate complete collection of this data, a traveler form will be developed which identifies the required facility procedures, DCS print outs, and laboratory results needed to assemble a final data package for each HB-Line plutonium oxide interim oxide can. The data traveler may identify the specific values (data) required to be extracted from the collected facility procedures and DCS print outs. The data traveler may also identify associated criteria to be checked. Inevitably there will be procedure anomalies during the course of the HB-Line plutonium oxide campaign that will have to be addressed in a timely manner.« less

36 CFR 1232.16 - What documentation must an agency create before it transfers records to a records storage facility?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... agency create before it transfers records to a records storage facility? 1232.16 Section 1232.16 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION RECORDS MANAGEMENT TRANSFER OF RECORDS TO RECORDS STORAGE FACILITIES § 1232.16 What documentation must an agency create before it...

36 CFR 1232.16 - What documentation must an agency create before it transfers records to a records storage facility?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... agency create before it transfers records to a records storage facility? 1232.16 Section 1232.16 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION RECORDS MANAGEMENT TRANSFER OF RECORDS TO RECORDS STORAGE FACILITIES § 1232.16 What documentation must an agency create before it...

36 CFR 1232.16 - What documentation must an agency create before it transfers records to a records storage facility?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... agency create before it transfers records to a records storage facility? 1232.16 Section 1232.16 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION RECORDS MANAGEMENT TRANSFER OF RECORDS TO RECORDS STORAGE FACILITIES § 1232.16 What documentation must an agency create before it...

33 CFR 154.814 - Facility requirements for vessel vapor overpressure and vacuum protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... vapor at a rate of not less than 1.25 times the facility's maximum liquid transfer rate for cargo for... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION FACILITIES TRANSFERRING OIL OR HAZARDOUS... in the vessel's cargo tanks within this range at any cargo transfer rate less than or equal to the...

10 CFR 770.6 - May interested persons and entities request that real property at defense nuclear facilities be...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... property at defense nuclear facilities be transferred for economic development? 770.6 Section 770.6 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT § 770.6... transferred for economic development? Any person or entity may request that specific real property be made...

An analysis of inter-healthcare facility transfer of neonates within the eThekwini Health District of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

PubMed

Ashokcoomar, Pradeep; Naidoo, Raveen

2016-04-19

To investigate delays in the transfer of neonates between healthcare facilities and to detect any adverse events encountered during neonatal transfer. A prospective study was conducted from December 2011 to January 2012. A quantitative, non-experimental design was used to undertake a descriptive analysis of 120 inter-healthcare facility transfers of neonates within the eThekwini Health District (Durban) of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Data collection was via questionnaire. Data collection was restricted to the Emergency Medical Services (EMSs) of eThekwini Health District, which is the local public ambulance provider. All transfers were undertaken by road ambulances: 83 (62.2%) by frontline ambulances; 35 (29.2%) by the obstetric unit; and 2 (1.7%) by the planned patient transport vehicles. Twenty-nine (24.2%) transfers involved critically ill neonates. The mean (standard deviation (SD)) time to complete an inter-healthcare facility transfer was 3 h 49 min (1 h 57 min) (range 0 h 55 min - 10 h 34 min). Problems with transfer equipment were common due to poor resource allocation, malfunctioning equipment, inappropriate equipment for the type of transfer and dirty or unsterile equipment. The study identified 10 (8.3%) physiologically related adverse events, which included 1 (0.8%) death plus a further 18 (15.0%) equipment-related adverse events. EMS is involved in transporting a significant number of intensive care and non-intensive care neonates between healthcare facilities. This study has identified numerous factors affecting the efficiency of inter-facility transfer of neonates and highlights a number of areas requiring improvement.

47 CFR 101.55 - Considerations involving transfer or assignment applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

.... (d) If a proposed transfer of radio facilities is incidental to a sale or other facilities or merger... SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Applications and Licenses License Transfers, Modifications, Conditions and Forfeitures § 101.55 Considerations involving transfer or assignment applications. (a) Except...

47 CFR 101.55 - Considerations involving transfer or assignment applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

.... (d) If a proposed transfer of radio facilities is incidental to a sale or other facilities or merger... SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Applications and Licenses License Transfers, Modifications, Conditions and Forfeitures § 101.55 Considerations involving transfer or assignment applications. (a) Except...

47 CFR 101.55 - Considerations involving transfer or assignment applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

.... (d) If a proposed transfer of radio facilities is incidental to a sale or other facilities or merger... SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Applications and Licenses License Transfers, Modifications, Conditions and Forfeitures § 101.55 Considerations involving transfer or assignment applications. (a) Except...

47 CFR 101.55 - Considerations involving transfer or assignment applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

.... (d) If a proposed transfer of radio facilities is incidental to a sale or other facilities or merger... SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Applications and Licenses License Transfers, Modifications, Conditions and Forfeitures § 101.55 Considerations involving transfer or assignment applications. (a) Except...

47 CFR 101.55 - Considerations involving transfer or assignment applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

.... (d) If a proposed transfer of radio facilities is incidental to a sale or other facilities or merger... SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Applications and Licenses License Transfers, Modifications, Conditions and Forfeitures § 101.55 Considerations involving transfer or assignment applications. (a) Except...

36 CFR § 1232.14 - What requirements must an agency meet before it transfers records to a records storage facility?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... agency meet before it transfers records to a records storage facility? § 1232.14 Section § 1232.14 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION RECORDS MANAGEMENT TRANSFER OF RECORDS TO RECORDS STORAGE FACILITIES § 1232.14 What requirements must an agency meet before it...

10 CFR 770.8 - May DOE transfer real property at defense nuclear facilities for economic development at less...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false May DOE transfer real property at defense nuclear facilities for economic development at less than fair market value? 770.8 Section 770.8 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT § 770.8 May DOE...

Log transfer and storage facilities in Southeast Alaska: a review.

Treesearch

Tamra L. Faris; Kenneth D. Vaughan

1985-01-01

The volume of timber harvested in southeast Alaska between 1909 and 1983 was 14,689 million board feet; nearly all was transported on water to various destinations for processing. In 1971 there were 69 active log transfer and storage facilities and 38 raft collecting and storage facilities in southeast Alaska. In 1983 there were 90 log transfer sites, 49 log storage...

10 CFR 770.7 - What procedures are to be used to transfer real property at defense nuclear facilities for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false What procedures are to be used to transfer real property at defense nuclear facilities for economic development? 770.7 Section 770.7 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT § 770.7 What...

10 CFR 770.8 - May DOE transfer real property at defense nuclear facilities for economic development at less...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false May DOE transfer real property at defense nuclear facilities for economic development at less than fair market value? 770.8 Section 770.8 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT § 770.8 May DOE...

Heat Pipes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

Phoenix Refrigeration Systems, Inc.'s heat pipe addition to the Phoenix 2000, a supermarket rooftop refrigeration/air conditioning system, resulted from the company's participation in a field test of heat pipes. Originally developed by NASA to control temperatures in space electronic systems, the heat pipe is a simple, effective, heat transfer system. It has been used successfully in candy storage facilities where it has provided significant energy savings. Additional data is expected to fully quantify the impact of the heat pipes on supermarket air conditioning systems.

Preliminary Evaluations of Polymer-based Lithium Battery Electrolytes Under Development for the Polymer Electrolyte Rechargeable Systems Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Manzo, Michelle A.; Bennett, William R.

2003-01-01

A component screening facility has been established at The NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) to evaluate candidate materials for next generation, lithium-based, polymer electrolyte batteries for aerospace applications. Procedures have been implemented to provide standardized measurements of critical electrolyte properties. These include ionic conductivity, electronic resistivity, electrochemical stability window, cation transference number, salt diffusion coefficient and lithium plating efficiency. Preliminary results for poly(ethy1ene oxide)-based polymer electrolyte and commercial liquid electrolyte are presented.

Facile synthesis of bismuth oxyhalide nanosheet films with distinct conduction type and photo-induced charge carrier behavior

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jia, Huimin; He, Weiwei; Zhang, Beibei; Yao, Lei; Yang, Xiaokai; Zheng, Zhi

2018-05-01

A modified successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method was developed to fabricate 2D ordered BiOX (X = CI, Br, I) nanosheet array films on FTO substrates at room temperature. The formation of BiOX films were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The semiconductor surface states determine the type of semiconductor. Although BiOCI, BiOBr and BiOI belong to the bismuth oxyhalide semiconductor family and possess similar crystal and electronic structures, they show different conductivity types due to their respective surface states. Mott-Schottky curve results demonstrate that the BiOCl and BiOI nanosheet arrays display n-type semiconductor properties, while the BiOBr films exhibit p-type semiconductor properties. Assisted by surface photovoltage (SPV) and transient photovoltage (TPV) techniques, the photoinduced charge transfer dynamics on the surface/interface of the BiOX/FTO nanosheet films were systematically and comparatively investigated. As revealed by the results, both the separation and transfer dynamics of the photo-induced carrier are influenced by film thickness.

Epidermal electronic systems for sensing and therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Nanshu; Ameri, Shideh K.; Ha, Taewoo; Nicolini, Luke; Stier, Andrew; Wang, Pulin

2017-04-01

Epidermal electronic system is a class of hair thin, skin soft, stretchable sensors and electronics capable of continuous and long-term physiological sensing and clinical therapy when applied on human skin. The high cost of manpower, materials, and photolithographic facilities associated with its manufacture limit the availability of disposable epidermal electronics. We have invented a cost and time effective, completely dry, benchtop "cut-and-paste" method for the green, freeform and portable manufacture of epidermal electronics within minutes. We have applied the "cut-and-paste" method to manufacture epidermal electrodes, hydration and temperature sensors, conformable power-efficient heaters, as well as cuffless continuous blood pressure monitors out of metal thin films, two-dimensional (2D) materials, and piezoelectric polymer sheets. For demonstration purpose, we will discuss three examples of "cut-and-pasted" epidermal electronic systems in this paper. The first will be submicron thick, transparent epidermal graphene electrodes that can be directly transferred to human skin like a temporary transfer tattoo and can measure electrocardiogram (ECG) with signal-to-noise ratio and motion artifacts on par with conventional gel electrodes. The second will be a chest patch which houses both electrodes and pressure sensors for the synchronous measurements of ECG and seismocardiogram (SCG) such that beat-to-beat blood pressure can be inferred from the time interval between the R peak of the ECG and the AC peak of the SCG. The last example will be a highly conformable, low power consumption epidermal heater for thermal therapy.

One-step facile hydrothermal synthesis of Fe2O3@LiCoO2 composite as excellent supercapacitor electrode materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gopi, Chandu V. V. Muralee; Somasekha, A.; Reddy, Araveeti Eswar; Kim, Soo-Kyoung; Kim, Hee-Je

2018-03-01

Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate the fabrication of Fe2O3@LiCoO2 hybrid nanostructures on Ni foam substrate by facile one-step hydrothermal technique. Morphological studies reveal that aggregated Fe2O3 nanoflakes anchored on the surface of sphere-like LiCoO2 nanoflakes. Electrochemical studies are used to examine the performance of the supercapacitor electrodes. The composite Fe2O3@LiCoO2 electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical performance than Fe2O3 and LiCoO2 electrodes, such as a low charge transfer resistance, a high specific capacitance of 489 F g-1 at 5 mA cm-2 and an enhanced capacity retention of 108% over 3000 cycles at 15 mA cm-2. The composite Fe2O3@LiCoO2 holds great promise for electrochemical applications due to well-defined hierarchical morphology, synergetic effect of Fe2O3 and LiCoO2, enhanced electrical conductivity, efficient electrolyte penetration and fast electron transfer.

The effect of referral and transfer patients on hospital funding in a capitated health care delivery system.

PubMed

Pietz, Kenneth; Byrne, Margaret M; Daw, Christina; Petersen, Laura A

2007-10-01

(1) To investigate whether inpatients referred or transferred between facilities result in increased financial loss compared with those admitted directly, in a health care delivery system funded by capitation methods. (2) To determine whether the higher cost of those patients transferred or referred is fairly compensated by a diagnosis-based risk adjustment system, and whether tertiary care facilities bear an unfair financial burden for such patients in a capitated financing environment. The study cohort included all Veterans Affairs (VA) beneficiaries who received inpatient care during fiscal year (FY) 2004. Referral was defined as an outpatient visit to 1 facility followed by an admission to another facility. Transfers were consecutive inpatient stays at different hospitals. We defined loss as cost minus the share of budget determined by a Diagnostic Cost Group-based allocation. Both t tests and linear regression were used to compare the effect on cost and loss for patients transferred or not and referred or not. Mean loss to a facility for patients transferred in was 1231 dollars more than for those not transferred. Mean loss for referred patients was 3341 dollars more than for those not referred, controlling for disease burden. For tertiary hospitals, the difference in losses for transfer patients was less than for other hospitals but greater for referral patients. Patients referred or transferred from other facilities are more costly than those who are not. The difference may not be compensated by a diagnosis-based allocation system. A capitated health care system may consider additional funding to cover the cost of such patients.

Design and performance of the spin asymmetries of the nucleon experiment

DOE PAGES

Maxwell, J. D.; Armstrong, W. R.; Choi, S.; ...

2018-03-01

The Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment (SANE) performed inclusive, double-polarized electron scattering measurements of the proton at the Continuous Electron Beam Facility at Jefferson Lab. A novel detector array observed scattered electrons of four-momentum transfer 2.5 < Q 2 < 6.5 GeV 2 and Bjorken scaling 0.3 < x < 0.8 from initial beam energies of 4.7 and 5.9 GeV. Employing a polarized proton target which could be rotated with respect to the incident electron beam, both parallel and near perpendicular spin asymmetries were measured, allowing model-independent access to transverse polarization observables A 1, A 2, g 1, gmore » 2 and moment d 2 of the proton. This article summarizes the operation and performance of the polarized target, polarized electron beam, and novel detector systems used during the course of the experiment, and describes analysis techniques utilized to access the physics observables of interest.« less

Design and performance of the spin asymmetries of the nucleon experiment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maxwell, J. D.; Armstrong, W. R.; Choi, S.

The Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment (SANE) performed inclusive, double-polarized electron scattering measurements of the proton at the Continuous Electron Beam Facility at Jefferson Lab. A novel detector array observed scattered electrons of four-momentum transfer 2.5 < Q 2 < 6.5 GeV 2 and Bjorken scaling 0.3 < x < 0.8 from initial beam energies of 4.7 and 5.9 GeV. Employing a polarized proton target which could be rotated with respect to the incident electron beam, both parallel and near perpendicular spin asymmetries were measured, allowing model-independent access to transverse polarization observables A 1, A 2, g 1, gmore » 2 and moment d 2 of the proton. This article summarizes the operation and performance of the polarized target, polarized electron beam, and novel detector systems used during the course of the experiment, and describes analysis techniques utilized to access the physics observables of interest.« less

The characteristics of referring facilities and transferred hand surgery patients: factors associated with emergency patient transfers.

PubMed

Kuo, Phoebe; Hartzell, Tristan L; Eberlin, Kyle R; Miao, Diana; Zurakowski, David; Winograd, Jonathan M; Day, Charles S

2014-03-19

As emergency departments (EDs) become increasingly overwhelmed and specialist coverage in some EDs decreases, patients may be transferred to tertiary or quaternary facilities for specialized care to decrease patient load at transferring facilities. Our objective was to determine whether facilities that transferred patients for hand surgery had hand surgery coverage and to evaluate any nonmedical factors that might have been associated with transfer. A retrospective review was conducted for 1167 visits of hand and wrist patients seen in the EDs of two urban level-I trauma centers. The hand surgery capacity of referring facilities was determined by phone calls to the EDs. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to identify nonmedical factors that could potentially affect the decision to transfer. A total of 155 (13.3%) of 1167 patients arrived from other facilities for specialized hand care. These patients were significantly more likely to be male (p = 0.02), have noncommercial insurance (p = 0.04), require an interpreter (p = 0.01), and arrive between 6:00 p.m. and midnight (p = 0.03). In a multivariable analysis, sex and insurance status were significantly associated with transfer (p < 0.05). The subset of ninety-five patients who were transferred from other EDs was significantly more likely to be male (p < 0.01) and arrive on weekends (p < 0.01) or between 6:00 p.m. and midnight (p < 0.01). Of these patients, seventy-seven (81%) were transferred from an ED that reported partial or full hand surgery coverage. However, only eight (10.4%) received a hand surgery evaluation prior to transfer. The low percentage of patients receiving hand surgery evaluations prior to transfer suggests that referring hospitals are not using their own hand surgeon resources. Nonmedical factors, including noncommercial insurance and off-hour time of initial arrival, may be associated with the decision to transfer patients. Identifying nonmedical factors associated with patient transfers and referrals can enlighten efforts to improve the quality and appropriate use of transfers for specialty care.

10 CFR 770.6 - May interested persons and entities request that real property at defense nuclear facilities be...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... property at defense nuclear facilities be transferred for economic development? 770.6 Section 770.6 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT § 770.6 May interested persons and entities request that real property at defense nuclear facilities be...

10 CFR 770.6 - May interested persons and entities request that real property at defense nuclear facilities be...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... property at defense nuclear facilities be transferred for economic development? 770.6 Section 770.6 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT § 770.6 May interested persons and entities request that real property at defense nuclear facilities be...

33 CFR 127.1315 - Preliminary transfer inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) WATERFRONT FACILITIES WATERFRONT FACILITIES HANDLING LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS AND LIQUEFIED HAZARDOUS GAS Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Hazardous Gas Operations § 127.1315 Preliminary... capacity of each storage tank to or from which LHG will be transferred, to ensure that it is safe for...

Spontaneous Isomerization of Peptide Cation Radicals Following Electron Transfer Dissociation Revealed by UV-Vis Photodissociation Action Spectroscopy.

PubMed

Imaoka, Naruaki; Houferak, Camille; Murphy, Megan P; Nguyen, Huong T H; Dang, Andy; Tureček, František

2018-01-16

Peptide cation radicals of the z-type were produced by electron transfer dissociation (ETD) of peptide dications and studied by UV-Vis photodissociation (UVPD) action spectroscopy. Cation radicals containing the Asp (D), Asn (N), Glu (E), and Gln (Q) residues were found to spontaneously isomerize by hydrogen atom migrations upon ETD. Canonical N-terminal [z 4 + H] +● fragment ion-radicals of the R-C ● H-CONH- type, initially formed by N-C α bond cleavage, were found to be minor components of the stable ion fraction. Vibronically broadened UV-Vis absorption spectra were calculated by time-dependent density functional theory for several [ ● DAAR + H] + isomers and used to assign structures to the action spectra. The potential energy surface of [ ● DAAR + H] + isomers was mapped by ab initio and density functional theory calculations that revealed multiple isomerization pathways by hydrogen atom migrations. The transition-state energies for the isomerizations were found to be lower than the dissociation thresholds, accounting for the isomerization in non-dissociating ions. The facile isomerization in [ ● XAAR + H] + ions (X = D, N, E, and Q) was attributed to low-energy intermediates having the radical defect in the side chain that can promote hydrogen migration along backbone C α positions. A similar side-chain mediated mechanism is suggested for the facile intermolecular hydrogen migration between the c- and [z + H] ● -ETD fragments containing Asp, Asn, Glu, and Gln residues. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.

Spontaneous Isomerization of Peptide Cation Radicals Following Electron Transfer Dissociation Revealed by UV-Vis Photodissociation Action Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Imaoka, Naruaki; Houferak, Camille; Murphy, Megan P.; Nguyen, Huong T. H.; Dang, Andy; Tureček, František

2018-01-01

Peptide cation radicals of the z-type were produced by electron transfer dissociation (ETD) of peptide dications and studied by UV-Vis photodissociation (UVPD) action spectroscopy. Cation radicals containing the Asp (D), Asn (N), Glu (E), and Gln (Q) residues were found to spontaneously isomerize by hydrogen atom migrations upon ETD. Canonical N-terminal [z4 + H]+● fragment ion-radicals of the R-C●H-CONH- type, initially formed by N-Cα bond cleavage, were found to be minor components of the stable ion fraction. Vibronically broadened UV-Vis absorption spectra were calculated by time-dependent density functional theory for several [●DAAR + H]+ isomers and used to assign structures to the action spectra. The potential energy surface of [●DAAR + H]+ isomers was mapped by ab initio and density functional theory calculations that revealed multiple isomerization pathways by hydrogen atom migrations. The transition-state energies for the isomerizations were found to be lower than the dissociation thresholds, accounting for the isomerization in non-dissociating ions. The facile isomerization in [●XAAR + H]+ ions (X = D, N, E, and Q) was attributed to low-energy intermediates having the radical defect in the side chain that can promote hydrogen migration along backbone Cα positions. A similar side-chain mediated mechanism is suggested for the facile intermolecular hydrogen migration between the c- and [z + H]●-ETD fragments containing Asp, Asn, Glu, and Gln residues. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

33 CFR 127.1317 - Declaration of Inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...— (1) The name of the vessel and that of the facility; (2) The date and time that the transfer begins... to begin transfer; and (5) The signature of each relief person in charge and the date and time of... Inspection. (a) Each person in charge of transfer for the facility shall ensure that no person transfers LHG...

33 CFR 127.1317 - Declaration of Inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...— (1) The name of the vessel and that of the facility; (2) The date and time that the transfer begins... to begin transfer; and (5) The signature of each relief person in charge and the date and time of... Inspection. (a) Each person in charge of transfer for the facility shall ensure that no person transfers LHG...

12 CFR 1005.14 - Electronic fund transfer service provider not holding consumer's account.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 8 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Electronic fund transfer service provider not... PROTECTION ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) § 1005.14 Electronic fund transfer service provider not holding consumer's account. (a) Provider of electronic fund transfer service. A person that provides an...

12 CFR 1005.14 - Electronic fund transfer service provider not holding consumer's account.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 8 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Electronic fund transfer service provider not... PROTECTION ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) General § 1005.14 Electronic fund transfer service provider not holding consumer's account. (a) Provider of electronic fund transfer service. A person that...

12 CFR 1005.14 - Electronic fund transfer service provider not holding consumer's account.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 8 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Electronic fund transfer service provider not... PROTECTION ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) General § 1005.14 Electronic fund transfer service provider not holding consumer's account. (a) Provider of electronic fund transfer service. A person that...

Remote Internet access to advanced analytical facilities: a new approach with Web-based services.

PubMed

Sherry, N; Qin, J; Fuller, M Suominen; Xie, Y; Mola, O; Bauer, M; McIntyre, N S; Maxwell, D; Liu, D; Matias, E; Armstrong, C

2012-09-04

Over the past decade, the increasing availability of the World Wide Web has held out the possibility that the efficiency of scientific measurements could be enhanced in cases where experiments were being conducted at distant facilities. Examples of early successes have included X-ray diffraction (XRD) experimental measurements of protein crystal structures at synchrotrons and access to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and NMR facilities by users from institutions that do not possess such advanced capabilities. Experimental control, visual contact, and receipt of results has used some form of X forwarding and/or VNC (virtual network computing) software that transfers the screen image of a server at the experimental site to that of the users' home site. A more recent development is a web services platform called Science Studio that provides teams of scientists with secure links to experiments at one or more advanced research facilities. The software provides a widely distributed team with a set of controls and screens to operate, observe, and record essential parts of the experiment. As well, Science Studio provides high speed network access to computing resources to process the large data sets that are often involved in complex experiments. The simple web browser and the rapid transfer of experimental data to a processing site allow efficient use of the facility and assist decision making during the acquisition of the experimental results. The software provides users with a comprehensive overview and record of all parts of the experimental process. A prototype network is described involving X-ray beamlines at two different synchrotrons and an SEM facility. An online parallel processing facility has been developed that analyzes the data in near-real time using stream processing. Science Studio and can be expanded to include many other analytical applications, providing teams of users with rapid access to processed results along with the means for detailed discussion of their significance.

Cryogenic Fluid Management Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eberhardt, R. N.; Bailey, W. J.

1985-01-01

The Cryogenic Fluid Management Facility is a reusable test bed which is designed to be carried within the Shuttle cargo bay to investigate the systems and technologies associated with the efficient management of cryogens in space. Cryogenic fluid management consists of the systems and technologies for: (1) liquid storage and supply, including capillary acquisition/expulsion systems which provide single-phase liquid to the user system, (2) both passive and active thermal control systems, and (3) fluid transfer/resupply systems, including transfer lines and receiver tanks. The facility contains a storage and supply tank, a transfer line and a receiver tank, configured to provide low-g verification of fluid and thermal models of cryogenic storage and transfer processes. The facility will provide design data and criteria for future subcritical cryogenic storage and transfer system applications, such as Space Station life support, attitude control, power and fuel depot supply, resupply tankers, external tank (ET) propellant scavenging, and ground-based and space-based orbit transfer vehicles (OTV).

Plasma wakefield acceleration experiments at FACET II

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Joshi, C.; Adli, E.; An, W.; Clayton, C. E.; Corde, S.; Gessner, S.; Hogan, M. J.; Litos, M.; Lu, W.; Marsh, K. A.; Mori, W. B.; Vafaei-Najafabadi, N.; O'shea, B.; Xu, Xinlu; White, G.; Yakimenko, V.

2018-03-01

During the past two decades of research, the ultra-relativistic beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA) concept has achieved many significant milestones. These include the demonstration of ultra-high gradient acceleration of electrons over meter-scale plasma accelerator structures, efficient acceleration of a narrow energy spread electron bunch at high-gradients, positron acceleration using wakes in uniform plasmas and in hollow plasma channels, and demonstrating that highly nonlinear wakes in the ‘blow-out regime’ have the electric field structure necessary for preserving the emittance of the accelerating bunch. A new 10 GeV electron beam facility, Facilities for Accelerator Science and Experimental Test (FACET) II, is currently under construction at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory for the next generation of PWFA research and development. The FACET II beams will enable the simultaneous demonstration of substantial energy gain of a small emittance electron bunch while demonstrating an efficient transfer of energy from the drive to the trailing bunch. In this paper we first describe the capabilities of the FACET II facility. We then describe a series of PWFA experiments supported by numerical and particle-in-cell simulations designed to demonstrate plasma wake generation where the drive beam is nearly depleted of its energy, high efficiency acceleration of the trailing bunch while doubling its energy and ultimately, quantifying the emittance growth in a single stage of a PWFA that has optimally designed matching sections. We then briefly discuss other FACET II plasma-based experiments including in situ positron generation and acceleration, and several schemes that are promising for generating sub-micron emittance bunches that will ultimately be needed for both an early application of a PWFA and for a plasma-based future linear collider.

Plasma wakefield acceleration experiments at FACET II

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Joshi, C.; Adli, E.; An, W.

During the past two decades of research, the ultra-relativistic beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA) concept has achieved many significant milestones. These include the demonstration of ultra-high gradient acceleration of electrons over meter-scale plasma accelerator structures, efficient acceleration of a narrow energy spread electron bunch at high-gradients, positron acceleration using wakes in uniform plasmas and in hollow plasma channels, and demonstrating that highly nonlinear wakes in the 'blow-out regime' have the electric field structure necessary for preserving the emittance of the accelerating bunch. A new 10 GeV electron beam facility, Facilities for Accelerator Science and Experimental Test (FACET) II, is currentlymore » under construction at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory for the next generation of PWFA research and development. The FACET II beams will enable the simultaneous demonstration of substantial energy gain of a small emittance electron bunch while demonstrating an efficient transfer of energy from the drive to the trailing bunch. In this paper we first describe the capabilities of the FACET II facility. We then describe a series of PWFA experiments supported by numerical and particle-in-cell simulations designed to demonstrate plasma wake generation where the drive beam is nearly depleted of its energy, high efficiency acceleration of the trailing bunch while doubling its energy and ultimately, quantifying the emittance growth in a single stage of a PWFA that has optimally designed matching sections. Here, we briefly discuss other FACET II plasma-based experiments including in situ positron generation and acceleration, and several schemes that are promising for generating sub-micron emittance bunches that will ultimately be needed for both an early application of a PWFA and for a plasma-based future linear collider.« less

Plasma wakefield acceleration experiments at FACET II

DOE PAGES

Joshi, C.; Adli, E.; An, W.; ...

2018-01-12

During the past two decades of research, the ultra-relativistic beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA) concept has achieved many significant milestones. These include the demonstration of ultra-high gradient acceleration of electrons over meter-scale plasma accelerator structures, efficient acceleration of a narrow energy spread electron bunch at high-gradients, positron acceleration using wakes in uniform plasmas and in hollow plasma channels, and demonstrating that highly nonlinear wakes in the 'blow-out regime' have the electric field structure necessary for preserving the emittance of the accelerating bunch. A new 10 GeV electron beam facility, Facilities for Accelerator Science and Experimental Test (FACET) II, is currentlymore » under construction at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory for the next generation of PWFA research and development. The FACET II beams will enable the simultaneous demonstration of substantial energy gain of a small emittance electron bunch while demonstrating an efficient transfer of energy from the drive to the trailing bunch. In this paper we first describe the capabilities of the FACET II facility. We then describe a series of PWFA experiments supported by numerical and particle-in-cell simulations designed to demonstrate plasma wake generation where the drive beam is nearly depleted of its energy, high efficiency acceleration of the trailing bunch while doubling its energy and ultimately, quantifying the emittance growth in a single stage of a PWFA that has optimally designed matching sections. Here, we briefly discuss other FACET II plasma-based experiments including in situ positron generation and acceleration, and several schemes that are promising for generating sub-micron emittance bunches that will ultimately be needed for both an early application of a PWFA and for a plasma-based future linear collider.« less

High Efficiency Electron-Laser Interactions in Tapered Helical Undulators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duris, Joseph Patrick

Efficient coupling of relativistic electron beams with high power radiation lies at the heart of advanced accelerator and light source research and development. The inverse free electron laser is a stable accelerator capable of harnessing very high intensity laser electric fields to efficiently transfer large powers from lasers to electron beams. In this dissertation, we first present the theoretical framework to describe the interaction, and then apply our improved understanding of the IFEL to the design and numerical study of meter-long, GeV IFELs for compact light sources. The central experimental work of the dissertation is the UCLA BNL helical inverse free electron laser experiment at the Accelerator Test Facility in Brookhaven National Laboratory which used a strongly tapered 54cm long, helical, permanent magnet undulator and a several hundred GW CO2 laser to accelerate electrons from 52 to 106MeV, setting new records for inverse free electron laser energy gain (54MeV) and average accelerating gradient (100MeV/m). The undulator design and fabrication as well as experimental diagnostics are presented. In order to improve the stability and quality of the accelerated electron beam, we redesigned the undulator for a slightly reduced output energy by modifying the magnet gap throughout the undulator, and we used this modified undulator to demonstrated capture of >25% of the injected beam without prebunching. In the study of heavily loaded GeV inverse free electron lasers, we show that a majority of the power may be transferred from a laser to the accelerated electron beam. Reversing the process to decelerate high power electron beams, a mechanism we refer to as tapering enhanced stimulated superradiant amplification, offers a clear path to high power light sources. We present studies of radiation production for a wide range of wavelengths (10mum, 13nm, and 0.3nm) using this method and discuss the design for a deceleration experiment using the same undulator used for acceleration in this experiment. By accounting for the evolving radiation field in the design of the undulator tapering, a large fraction of energy may be transferred between the electrons and laser, enabling compact, high-current GeV accelerators and various wavelength light-sources of unprecedented peak powers.

Fluctuating hydrogen-bond networks govern anomalous electron transfer kinetics in a blue copper protein.

PubMed

Kretchmer, Joshua S; Boekelheide, Nicholas; Warren, Jeffrey J; Winkler, Jay R; Gray, Harry B; Miller, Thomas F

2018-06-12

We combine experimental and computational methods to address the anomalous kinetics of long-range electron transfer (ET) in mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin. ET rates and driving forces for wild type (WT) and three N47X mutants (X = L, S, and D) of Ru(2,2'-bipyridine) 2 (imidazole)(His83) azurin are reported. An enhanced ET rate for the N47L mutant suggests either an increase of the donor-acceptor (DA) electronic coupling or a decrease in the reorganization energy for the reaction. The underlying atomistic features are investigated using a recently developed nonadiabatic molecular dynamics method to simulate ET in each of the azurin mutants, revealing unexpected aspects of DA electronic coupling. In particular, WT azurin and all studied mutants exhibit more DA compression during ET (>2 Å) than previously recognized. Moreover, it is found that DA compression involves an extended network of hydrogen bonds, the fluctuations of which gate the ET reaction, such that DA compression is facilitated by transiently rupturing hydrogen bonds. It is found that the N47L mutant intrinsically disrupts this hydrogen-bond network, enabling particularly facile DA compression. This work, which reveals the surprisingly fluctional nature of ET in azurin, suggests that hydrogen-bond networks can modulate the efficiency of long-range biological ET. Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

33 CFR 154.1210 - Purpose and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) POLLUTION FACILITIES TRANSFERRING OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IN BULK Response Plans for Animal Fats and Vegetable Oils Facilities § 154.1210 Purpose and applicability. (a) The requirements of this... fats or vegetable oils including— (1) A fixed MTR facility capable of transferring oil in bulk, to or...

33 CFR 154.1210 - Purpose and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) POLLUTION FACILITIES TRANSFERRING OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IN BULK Response Plans for Animal Fats and Vegetable Oils Facilities § 154.1210 Purpose and applicability. (a) The requirements of this... fats or vegetable oils including— (1) A fixed MTR facility capable of transferring oil in bulk, to or...

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

PubMed Central

Derikov, Yaroslav I; Shandryuk, Georgiy A; Talroze, Raisa V; Ezhov, Alexander A

2018-01-01

A fast route to transfer Au nanoparticles from aqueous to organic media is proposed based on the use of a high molecular mass diblock copolymer of styrene and 2-vinylpyridine for ligand exchange at the nanoparticle surface. The method enables the preparation of stable sols of Au nanorods with sizes of up to tens of nanometers or Au nanospheres in various organic solvents. By comparing the optical absorbance spectra of Au hydro- and organosols with the data of numerical simulations of the surface plasmon resonance, we find that nanoparticles do not aggregate and confirm the transmission electron microscopy data regarding their shape and size. The proposed approach can be effective in preparing hybrid composites without the use of strong thiol and amine surfactants. PMID:29527437

Facile integration of multiple magnetite nanoparticles for theranostics combining efficient MRI and thermal therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Guoming; Zhu, Xianglong; Li, Hui; Wang, Lirong; Chi, Xiaoqin; Chen, Jiahe; Wang, Xiaomin; Chen, Zhong; Gao, Jinhao

2015-01-01

Multifunctional nanostructures with both diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities have attracted considerable attention in biomedical research because they can offer great advantages in disease management and prognosis. In this work, a facile way to transfer the hydrophobic iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles into aqueous media by employing carboxylic graphene oxide (GO-COOH) as the transferring agent has been reported. In this one-step process, IO nanoparticles adhere to GO-COOH and form water-dispersible clusters via hydrophobic interactions between the hydrophobic ligands of IO nanoparticles and the basal plane of GO-COOH. The multiple IO nanoparticles on GO-COOH sheets (IO/GO-COOH) present a significant increase in T2 contrast enhancement. Moreover, the IO/GO-COOH nanoclusters also display a high photothermal conversion efficiency and can effectively inhibit tumor growth through the photothermal effects. It is envisioned that such IO/GO-COOH nanocomposites combining efficient MRI and photothermal therapy hold great promise in theranostic applications.Multifunctional nanostructures with both diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities have attracted considerable attention in biomedical research because they can offer great advantages in disease management and prognosis. In this work, a facile way to transfer the hydrophobic iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles into aqueous media by employing carboxylic graphene oxide (GO-COOH) as the transferring agent has been reported. In this one-step process, IO nanoparticles adhere to GO-COOH and form water-dispersible clusters via hydrophobic interactions between the hydrophobic ligands of IO nanoparticles and the basal plane of GO-COOH. The multiple IO nanoparticles on GO-COOH sheets (IO/GO-COOH) present a significant increase in T2 contrast enhancement. Moreover, the IO/GO-COOH nanoclusters also display a high photothermal conversion efficiency and can effectively inhibit tumor growth through the photothermal effects. It is envisioned that such IO/GO-COOH nanocomposites combining efficient MRI and photothermal therapy hold great promise in theranostic applications. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06616b

UV and visible light photocatalytic activity of Au/TiO2 nanoforests with Anatase/Rutile phase junctions and controlled Au locations.

PubMed

Yu, Yang; Wen, Wei; Qian, Xin-Yue; Liu, Jia-Bin; Wu, Jin-Ming

2017-01-24

To magnify anatase/rutile phase junction effects through appropriate Au decorations, a facile solution-based approach was developed to synthesize Au/TiO 2 nanoforests with controlled Au locations. The nanoforests cons®isted of anatase nanowires surrounded by radially grown rutile branches, on which Au nanoparticles were deposited with preferred locations controlled by simply altering the order of the fabrication step. The Au-decoration increased the photocatalytic activity under the illumination of either UV or visible light, because of the beneficial effects of either electron trapping or localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Gold nanoparticles located preferably at the interface of anatase/rutile led to a further enhanced photocatalytic activity. The appropriate distributions of Au nanoparticles magnify the beneficial effects arising from the anatase/rutile phase junctions when illuminated by UV light. Under the visible light illumination, the LSPR effect followed by the consecutive electron transfer explains the enhanced photocatalysis. This study provides a facile route to control locations of gold nanoparticles in one-dimensional nanostructured arrays of multiple-phases semiconductors for achieving a further increased photocatalytic activity.

Quantum tunneling resonant electron transfer process in Lorentzian plasmas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hong, Woo-Pyo; Jung, Young-Dae, E-mail: ydjung@hanyang.ac.kr; Department of Applied Physics and Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Kyunggi-Do 426-791

The quantum tunneling resonant electron transfer process between a positive ion and a neutral atom collision is investigated in nonthermal generalized Lorentzian plasmas. The result shows that the nonthermal effect enhances the resonant electron transfer cross section in Lorentzian plasmas. It is found that the nonthermal effect on the classical resonant electron transfer cross section is more significant than that on the quantum tunneling resonant charge transfer cross section. It is shown that the nonthermal effect on the resonant electron transfer cross section decreases with an increase of the Debye length. In addition, the nonthermal effect on the quantum tunnelingmore » resonant electron transfer cross section decreases with increasing collision energy. The variation of nonthermal and plasma shielding effects on the quantum tunneling resonant electron transfer process is also discussed.« less

Ultrafast direct electron transfer at organic semiconductor and metal interfaces.

PubMed

Xiang, Bo; Li, Yingmin; Pham, C Huy; Paesani, Francesco; Xiong, Wei

2017-11-01

The ability to control direct electron transfer can facilitate the development of new molecular electronics, light-harvesting materials, and photocatalysis. However, control of direct electron transfer has been rarely reported, and the molecular conformation-electron dynamics relationships remain unclear. We describe direct electron transfer at buried interfaces between an organic polymer semiconductor film and a gold substrate by observing the first dynamical electric field-induced vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG). In transient electric field-induced VSFG measurements on this system, we observe dynamical responses (<150 fs) that depend on photon energy and polarization, demonstrating that electrons are directly transferred from the Fermi level of gold to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of organic semiconductor. Transient spectra further reveal that, although the interfaces are prepared without deliberate alignment control, a subensemble of surface molecules can adopt conformations for direct electron transfer. Density functional theory calculations support the experimental results and ascribe the observed electron transfer to a flat-lying polymer configuration in which electronic orbitals are found to be delocalized across the interface. The present observation of direct electron transfer at complex interfaces and the insights gained into the relationship between molecular conformations and electron dynamics will have implications for implementing novel direct electron transfer in energy materials.

Case Study in Corporate Memory Recovery: Hanford Tank Farms Miscellaneous Underground Waste Storage Tanks - 15344

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Washenfelder, D. J.; Johnson, J. M.; Turknett, J. C.

In addition to managing the 177 underground waste storage tanks containing 212,000 m3 (56 million gal) of radioactive waste at the U. S. Department of Energy’s Hanford Site 200 Area Tank Farms, Washington River Protection Solutions LLC is responsible for managing numerous small catch tanks and special surveillance facilities. These are collectively known as “MUSTs” - Miscellaneous Underground Storage Tanks. The MUSTs typically collected drainage and flushes during waste transfer system piping changes; special surveillance facilities supported Tank Farm processes including post-World War II uranium recovery and later fission product recovery from tank wastes. Most were removed from service followingmore » deactivation of the single-shell tank system in 1980 and stabilized by pumping the remaining liquids from them. The MUSTs were isolated by blanking connecting transfer lines and adding weatherproofing to prevent rainwater entry. Over the next 30 years MUST operating records were dispersed into large electronic databases or transferred to the National Archives Regional Center in Seattle, Washington. During 2014 an effort to reacquire the historical bases for the MUSTs’ published waste volumes was undertaken. Corporate Memory Recovery from a variety of record sources allowed waste volumes to be initially determined for 21 MUSTs, and waste volumes to be adjusted for 37 others. Precursors and symptoms of Corporate Memory Loss were identified in the context of MUST records recovery.« less

10 CFR 770.2 - What real property does this part cover?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

....2 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC... sale or lease at closed or downsized defense nuclear facilities, for the purpose of permitting economic development. (b) DOE may transfer, by lease only, improvements at defense nuclear facilities on land withdrawn...

10 CFR 770.2 - What real property does this part cover?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

....2 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC... sale or lease at defense nuclear facilities, for the purpose of permitting economic development. (b) DOE may transfer, by lease only, improvements at defense nuclear facilities on land withdrawn from the...

Contribution of direct electron transfer mechanisms to overall electron transfer in microbial fuel cells utilising Shewanella oneidensis as biocatalyst.

PubMed

Fapetu, Segun; Keshavarz, Taj; Clements, Mark; Kyazze, Godfrey

2016-09-01

To investigate the contribution of direct electron transfer mechanisms to electricity production in microbial fuel cells by physically retaining Shewanella oneidensis cells close to or away from the anode electrode. A maximum power output of 114 ± 6 mWm(-2) was obtained when cells were retained close to the anode using a dialysis membrane. This was 3.5 times more than when the cells were separated away from the anode. Without the membrane the maximum power output was 129 ± 6 mWm(-2). The direct mechanisms of electron transfer contributed significantly to overall electron transfer from S. oneidensis to electrodes, a result that was corroborated by another experiment where S. oneidensis cells were entrapped in alginate gels. S. oneidensis transfers electrons primarily by direct electron transfer as opposed to mediated electron transfer.

Mechanisms and Dynamics of Abiotic and Biotic Interactions at Environmental Interfaces

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Roso, Kevin M.

The Stanford EMSI (SEMSI) was established in 2004 through joint funding by the National Science Foundation and the OBER-ERSD. It encompasses a number of universities and national laboratories. The PNNL component of the SEMSI is funded by ERSD and is the focus of this report. This component has the objective of providing theory support to the SEMSI by bringing computational capabilities and expertise to bear on important electron transfer problems at mineral/water and mineral/microbe interfaces. PNNL staff member Dr. Kevin Rosso, who is also ''matrixed'' into the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) at PNNL, is a co-PI on the SEMSImore » project and the PNNL lead. The EMSL computational facilities being applied to the SEMSI project include the 11.8 teraflop massively-parallel supercomputer. Science goals of this EMSL/SEMSI partnership include advancing our understanding of: (1) The kinetics of U(VI) and Cr(VI) reduction by aqueous and solid-phase Fe(II), (2) The structure of mineral surfaces in equilibrium with solution, and (3) Mechanisms of bacterial electron transfer to iron oxide surfaces via outer-membrane cytochromes.« less

Nano Copper Oxide-Modified Carbon Cloth as Cathode for a Two-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell

PubMed Central

Dong, Feng; Zhang, Peng; Li, Kexun; Liu, Xianhua; Zhang, Pingping

2016-01-01

In this work, Cu2O nanoparticles were deposited on a carbon cloth cathode using a facile electrochemical method. The morphology of the modified cathode, which was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) tests, showed that the porosity and specific surface area of the cathode improved with longer deposition times. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) results showed that cupric oxide and cuprous oxide coexisted on the carbon cloth, which improved the electrochemical activity of cathode. The cathode with a deposition time of 100 s showed the best performance, with a power density twice that of bare carbon cloth. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results revealed that moderate deposition of nano copper oxide on carbon cloth could dramatically reduce the charge transfer resistance, which contributed to the enhanced electrochemical performance. The mediation mechanism of copper oxide nanocatalyst was illustrated by the fact that the recycled conversion between cupric oxide and cuprous oxide accelerated the electron transfer efficiency on the cathode. PMID:28335366

Nano Copper Oxide-Modified Carbon Cloth as Cathode for a Two-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell.

PubMed

Dong, Feng; Zhang, Peng; Li, Kexun; Liu, Xianhua; Zhang, Pingping

2016-12-09

In this work, Cu₂O nanoparticles were deposited on a carbon cloth cathode using a facile electrochemical method. The morphology of the modified cathode, which was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) tests, showed that the porosity and specific surface area of the cathode improved with longer deposition times. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) results showed that cupric oxide and cuprous oxide coexisted on the carbon cloth, which improved the electrochemical activity of cathode. The cathode with a deposition time of 100 s showed the best performance, with a power density twice that of bare carbon cloth. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results revealed that moderate deposition of nano copper oxide on carbon cloth could dramatically reduce the charge transfer resistance, which contributed to the enhanced electrochemical performance. The mediation mechanism of copper oxide nanocatalyst was illustrated by the fact that the recycled conversion between cupric oxide and cuprous oxide accelerated the electron transfer efficiency on the cathode.

KSC-02pd1914

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-12-11

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- KSC technicians supervise the transfer of the Integrated Equipment Assembly (IEA), one of two major components of the Starboard 6 (S6) truss segment for the International Space Station (ISS), onto a cargo transporter following its arrival at the Shuttle Landing Facility. The IEA will be joined to its companion piece, the Long Spacer, before launch early in 2004. The S6 truss segment will be the 11th and final piece of the Station's Integrated Truss Structure and will support the fourth and final set of solar arrays, batteries, and electronics.

Suppression of BRCA2 by Mutant Mitochondrial DNA in Prostate Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-01

Briefly, the electron transfer activities of complex I/III (NADH dehydrogenase/cytochrome bc1 complex: catalyzes the electron transfer from NADH to...ferricytochrome c) and complex II/III (succinate dehydrogenase/cytochrome bc1 complex: catalyzes the electron transfer from succinate to ferricytochrome...The electron transfer activity of complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase: catalyzes the final step of the respiratory chain by transferring electrons from

Thermo-compressive transfer printing for facile alignment and robust device integration of nanowires.

PubMed

Lee, Won Seok; Won, Sejeong; Park, Jeunghee; Lee, Jihye; Park, Inkyu

2012-06-07

Controlled alignment and mechanically robust bonding between nanowires (NWs) and electrodes are essential requirements for reliable operation of functional NW-based electronic devices. In this work, we developed a novel process for the alignment and bonding between NWs and metal electrodes by using thermo-compressive transfer printing. In this process, bottom-up synthesized NWs were aligned in parallel by shear loading onto the intermediate substrate and then finally transferred onto the target substrate with low melting temperature metal electrodes. In particular, multi-layer (e.g. Cr/Au/In/Au and Cr/Cu/In/Au) metal electrodes are softened at low temperatures (below 100 °C) and facilitate submergence of aligned NWs into the surface of electrodes at a moderate pressure (∼5 bar). By using this thermo-compressive transfer printing process, robust electrical and mechanical contact between NWs and metal electrodes can be realized. This method is believed to be very useful for the large-area fabrication of NW-based electrical devices with improved mechanical robustness, electrical contact resistance, and reliability.

Discharge disposition of adolescents admitted to medical hospitals after attempting suicide.

PubMed

Levine, Leonard J; Schwarz, Donald F; Argon, Jesse; Mandell, David S; Feudtner, Chris

2005-09-01

To test the hypothesis that discharge disposition for adolescents admitted to medical hospitals after attempting suicide varies as a function of hospital type and geographic region. Retrospective cohort analysis. The nationally representative Kids' Inpatient Database for 2000. Patients aged 10 to 19 years with a diagnosis of suicide attempt or self-inflicted injury.Main Outcome Measure Likelihood of transfer to another facility vs discharge to home. Care for 32 655 adolescents who attempted suicide was provided in adult hospitals (83% of hospitalizations), children's units in general hospitals (10%), and children's hospitals (4%). More than half (66%) of medical hospitalizations ended with discharge to home, 21% with transfer to a psychiatric, rehabilitation, or chronic care (P/R/C) facility, 10% with transfer to a skilled nursing facility, intermediate care facility, or short-term acute care hospital facility, and 2% with death or departure against medical advice. After adjustment for individual patient characteristics, children's units were 44% more likely than adult hospitals to transfer adolescent patients to a P/R/C facility (odds ratio [OR], 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.94). Patients cared for outside the Northeast were significantly less likely to be transferred to a P/R/C facility (South: OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65-0.97; Midwest: OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.49-0.80; West: OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.22-0.38). Most adolescents admitted to a medical hospital after a suicide attempt are discharged to home, and the likelihood of transfer to another facility appears to be influenced by the geographic location of the admitting hospital and whether it caters to children.

Electrochemical Measurement of Electron Transfer Kinetics by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1*

PubMed Central

Baron, Daniel; LaBelle, Edward; Coursolle, Dan; Gralnick, Jeffrey A.; Bond, Daniel R.

2009-01-01

Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 can respire using carbon electrodes and metal oxyhydroxides as electron acceptors, requiring mechanisms for transferring electrons from the cell interior to surfaces located beyond the cell. Although purified outer membrane cytochromes will reduce both electrodes and metals, S. oneidensis also secretes flavins, which accelerate electron transfer to metals and electrodes. We developed techniques for detecting direct electron transfer by intact cells, using turnover and single turnover voltammetry. Metabolically active cells attached to graphite electrodes produced thin (submonolayer) films that demonstrated both catalytic and reversible electron transfer in the presence and absence of flavins. In the absence of soluble flavins, electron transfer occurred in a broad potential window centered at ∼0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrode), and was altered in single (ΔomcA, ΔmtrC) and double deletion (ΔomcA/ΔmtrC) mutants of outer membrane cytochromes. The addition of soluble flavins at physiological concentrations significantly accelerated electron transfer and allowed catalytic electron transfer to occur at lower applied potentials (−0.2 V). Scan rate analysis indicated that rate constants for direct electron transfer were slower than those reported for pure cytochromes (∼1 s−1). These observations indicated that anodic current in the higher (>0 V) window is due to activation of a direct transfer mechanism, whereas electron transfer at lower potentials is enabled by flavins. The electrochemical dissection of these activities in living cells into two systems with characteristic midpoint potentials and kinetic behaviors explains prior observations and demonstrates the complementary nature of S. oneidensis electron transfer strategies. PMID:19661057

The [2+2] Cycloaddition-Retroelectrocyclization (CA-RE) Click Reaction: Facile Access to Molecular and Polymeric Push-Pull Chromophores.

PubMed

Michinobu, Tsuyoshi; Diederich, François

2018-03-26

The [2+2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization (CA-RE) reaction between electron-rich alkynes and electron-deficient alkenes is an efficient procedure to create nonplanar donor-acceptor (D-A) chromophores in both molecular and polymeric platforms. They feature attractive properties including intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) bands, nonlinear optical properties, and redox activities for use in next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. This Review summarizes the development of the CA-RE reaction, starting from the initial reports with organometallic compounds to the extension to purely organic systems. The structural requirements for rapid, high-yielding transformations with true click chemistry character are illustrated by examples that include the broad alkyne and alkene substitution modes. The CA-RE click reaction has been successfully applied to polymer synthesis, with the resulting polymeric push-pull chromophores finding many interesting applications. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Measuring The Impact Of Cash Transfers And Behavioral 'Nudges' On Maternity Care In Nairobi, Kenya.

PubMed

Cohen, Jessica; Rothschild, Claire; Golub, Ginger; Omondi, George N; Kruk, Margaret E; McConnell, Margaret

2017-11-01

Many patients in low-income countries express preferences for high-quality health care but often end up with low-quality providers. We conducted a randomized controlled trial with pregnant women in Nairobi, Kenya, to analyze whether cash transfers, enhanced with behavioral "nudges," can help women deliver in facilities that are consistent with their preferences and are of higher quality. We tested two interventions. The first was a labeled cash transfer (LCT), which explained that the cash was to help women deliver where they wanted. The second was a cash transfer that combined labeling and a commitment by the recipient to deliver in a prespecified desired facility as a condition of receiving the final payment (L-CCT). The L-CCT improved patient-perceived quality of interpersonal care but not perceived technical quality of care. It also increased women's likelihood of delivering in facilities that met standards for routine and emergency newborn care but not the likelihood of delivering in facilities that met standards for obstetric care. The LCT had fewer measured benefits. Women preferred facilities with high technical and interpersonal care quality, but these quality measures were often negatively correlated within facilities. Even with cash transfers, many women still used poor-quality facilities. A larger study is warranted to determine whether the L-CCT can improve maternal and newborn outcomes.

Hydrated Electron Transfer to Nucleobases in Aqueous Solutions Revealed by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

PubMed

Zhao, Jing; Wang, Mei; Fu, Aiyun; Yang, Hongfang; Bu, Yuxiang

2015-08-03

We present an ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation study into the transfer dynamics of an excess electron from its cavity-shaped hydrated electron state to a hydrated nucleobase (NB)-bound state. In contrast to the traditional view that electron localization at NBs (G/A/C/T), which is the first step for electron-induced DNA damage, is related only to dry or prehydrated electrons, and a fully hydrated electron no longer transfers to NBs, our AIMD simulations indicate that a fully hydrated electron can still transfer to NBs. We monitored the transfer dynamics of fully hydrated electrons towards hydrated NBs in aqueous solutions by using AIMD simulations and found that due to solution-structure fluctuation and attraction of NBs, a fully hydrated electron can transfer to a NB gradually over time. Concurrently, the hydrated electron cavity gradually reorganizes, distorts, and even breaks. The transfer could be completed in about 120-200 fs in four aqueous NB solutions, depending on the electron-binding ability of hydrated NBs and the structural fluctuation of the solution. The transferring electron resides in the π*-type lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the NB, which leads to a hydrated NB anion. Clearly, the observed transfer of hydrated electrons can be attributed to the strong electron-binding ability of hydrated NBs over the hydrated electron cavity, which is the driving force, and the transfer dynamics is structure-fluctuation controlled. This work provides new insights into the evolution dynamics of hydrated electrons and provides some helpful information for understanding the DNA-damage mechanism in solution. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Facile electrocatalytic redox of hemoglobin by flower-like gold nanoparticles on boron-doped diamond surface.

PubMed

Li, Mingfang; Zhao, Guohua; Geng, Rong; Hu, Huikang

2008-11-01

The flower-like gold nanoparticles together with spherical and convex polyhedron gold nanoparticles were fabricated on boron-doped diamond (BDD) surface by one-step and simple electrochemical method through easily controlling the applied potential and the concentration of HAuCl(4). The recorded X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that these three shapes of gold nanoparticles were dominated by different crystal facets. The cyclic voltammetric results indicated that the morphology of gold nanoparticles plays big role in their electrochemical behaviors. The direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin (Hb) was realized on all the three different shapes of nanogold-attached BDD surface without the aid of any electron mediator. In pH 4.5 acetate buffer solutions (ABS), Hb showed a pair of well defined and quasi-reversible redox peaks. However, the results obtained demonstrated that the redox peak potential, the average surface concentration of electroactive heme, and the electron transfer rates of Hb are greatly dependent upon the surface morphology of gold nanoparticles. The electron transfer rate constant of hemoglobin over flower-like nanogold/BDD electrode was more than two times higher than that over spherical and convex polyhedron nanogold. The observed differences may be ascribed to the difference in gold particle characteristics including surface roughness, exposed surface area, and crystal structure.

Sensitive and Facile Electrochemiluminescent Immunoassay for Detecting Genetically Modified Rapeseed Based on Novel Carbon Nanoparticles.

PubMed

Gao, Hongfei; Wen, Luke; Wu, Yuhua; Yan, Xiaohong; Li, Jun; Li, Xiaofei; Fu, Zhifeng; Wu, Gang

2018-05-23

A highly sensitive electrochemiluminescent (ECL) immunoassay targeting PAT/ bar protein was facilely developed for genetically modified (GM) rapeseed detection using carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) originally prepared from printer toner. In this work, CNPs linked with antibody for PAT/ bar protein were used to modify a working electrode. After an immunoreaction between the PAT/ bar protein and its antibody, the immunocomplex formed on the electrode receptor region resulted in an inhibition of electron transfer between the electrode surface and the ECL substance, thus led to a decrease of ECL response. Under the optimal conditions, the ECL responses linearly decreased as the increase of the PAT/ bar protein concentration and the GM rapeseed RF3 content in the ranges of 0.10-10 ng/mL and 0.050-1.0%, with the limits of detection of 0.050 ng/mL and 0.020% (S/N = 3). These results open a facile, sensitive, and rapid approach for the safety control of agricultural GM rape.

Role of LiCoO 2 Surface Terminations in Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Kinetics

DOE PAGES

Han, Binghong; Qian, Danna; Risch, Marcel; ...

2015-03-22

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities of LiCoO 2 nanorods with sizes in the range from 9 to 40 nm were studied in alkaline solution. The sides of these nanorods were terminated with low-index surfaces such as (003) while the tips were terminated largely with high-index surfaces such as (104) as revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Electron energy loss spectroscopy demonstrated that low-spin Co 3+ prevailed on the sides, while the tips exhibited predominantly high- or intermediate-spin Co 3+. We correlated the electronic and atomic structure to higher specific ORR and OER activities at themore » tips as compared to the sides, which was accompanied by more facile redox of Co 2+/3+ and higher charge transferred per unit area. These findings highlight the critical role of surface terminations and electronic structures of transition metal oxides on the ORR and OER activity.« less

Electron transfer and conformational change in complexes of trimethylamine dehydrogenase and electron transferring flavoprotein.

PubMed

Jones, Matthew; Talfournier, Francois; Bobrov, Anton; Grossmann, J Günter; Vekshin, Nikolai; Sutcliffe, Michael J; Scrutton, Nigel S

2002-03-08

The trimethylamine dehydrogenase-electron transferring flavoprotein (TMADH.ETF) electron transfer complex has been studied by fluorescence and absorption spectroscopies. These studies indicate that a series of conformational changes occur during the assembly of the TMADH.ETF electron transfer complex and that the kinetics of assembly observed with mutant TMADH (Y442F/L/G) or ETF (alpha R237A) complexes are much slower than are the corresponding rates of electron transfer in these complexes. This suggests that electron transfer does not occur in the thermodynamically most favorable state (which takes too long to form), but that one or more metastable states (which are formed more rapidly) are competent in transferring electrons from TMADH to ETF. Additionally, fluorescence spectroscopy studies of the TMADH.ETF complex indicate that ETF undergoes a stable conformational change (termed structural imprinting) when it interacts transiently with TMADH to form a second, distinct, structural form. The mutant complexes compromise imprinting of ETF, indicating a dependence on the native interactions present in the wild-type complex. The imprinted form of semiquinone ETF exhibits an enhanced rate of electron transfer to the artificial electron acceptor, ferricenium. Overall molecular conformations as probed by small-angle x-ray scattering studies are indistinguishable for imprinted and non-imprinted ETF, suggesting that changes in structure likely involve confined reorganizations within the vicinity of the FAD. Our results indicate a series of conformational events occur during the assembly of the TMADH.ETF electron transfer complex, and that the properties of electron transfer proteins can be affected lastingly by transient interaction with their physiological redox partners. This may have significant implications for our understanding of biological electron transfer reactions in vivo, because ETF encounters TMADH at all times in the cell. Our studies suggest that caution needs to be exercised in extrapolating the properties of in vitro interprotein electron transfer reactions to those occurring in vivo.

31 CFR 208.3 - Payment by electronic funds transfer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Payment by electronic funds transfer... DISBURSEMENTS § 208.3 Payment by electronic funds transfer. Subject to § 208.4, and notwithstanding any other... electronic funds transfer. ...

48 CFR 18.124 - Electronic funds transfer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Electronic funds transfer. 18.124 Section 18.124 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION... Electronic funds transfer. Electronic funds transfer payments may be waived for acquisitions to support...

48 CFR 18.124 - Electronic funds transfer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Electronic funds transfer. 18.124 Section 18.124 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION... Electronic funds transfer. Electronic funds transfer payments may be waived for acquisitions to support...

31 CFR 208.3 - Payment by electronic funds transfer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Payment by electronic funds transfer... DISBURSEMENTS § 208.3 Payment by electronic funds transfer. Subject to § 208.4, and notwithstanding any other... electronic funds transfer. ...

48 CFR 18.123 - Electronic funds transfer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Electronic funds transfer. 18.123 Section 18.123 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION... Electronic funds transfer. Electronic funds transfer payments may be waived for acquisitions to support...

48 CFR 18.124 - Electronic funds transfer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Electronic funds transfer. 18.124 Section 18.124 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION... Electronic funds transfer. Electronic funds transfer payments may be waived for acquisitions to support...

48 CFR 18.124 - Electronic funds transfer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Electronic funds transfer. 18.124 Section 18.124 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION... Electronic funds transfer. Electronic funds transfer payments may be waived for acquisitions to support...

33 CFR 154.2103 - Facility requirements for vessel vapor overpressure and vacuum protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IN BULK Marine Vapor Control Systems Transfer Facilities-Vcs Design and Installation... rate, unless there is experimental data for actual vapor growth for turbulent transferring under the... vapor growth. (b) A facility VCS must be designed to prevent the pressure in a vessel's cargo tanks from...

Definition of technology development missions for early space stations orbit transfer vehicle serving. Phase 2, task 1: Space station support of operational OTV servicing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1983-01-01

Representative space based orbital transfer vehicles (OTV), ground based vehicle turnaround assessment, functional operational requirements and facilities, mission turnaround operations, a comparison of ground based versus space based tasks, activation of servicing facilities prior to IOC, fleet operations requirements, maintenance facilities, OTV servicing facilities, space station support requirements, and packaging for delivery are discussed.

Photoinduced electron transfer from semiconductor quantum dots to metal oxide nanoparticles

PubMed Central

Tvrdy, Kevin; Frantsuzov, Pavel A.; Kamat, Prashant V.

2011-01-01

Quantum dot-metal oxide junctions are an integral part of next-generation solar cells, light emitting diodes, and nanostructured electronic arrays. Here we present a comprehensive examination of electron transfer at these junctions, using a series of CdSe quantum dot donors (sizes 2.8, 3.3, 4.0, and 4.2 nm in diameter) and metal oxide nanoparticle acceptors (SnO2, TiO2, and ZnO). Apparent electron transfer rate constants showed strong dependence on change in system free energy, exhibiting a sharp rise at small driving forces followed by a modest rise further away from the characteristic reorganization energy. The observed trend mimics the predicted behavior of electron transfer from a single quantum state to a continuum of electron accepting states, such as those present in the conduction band of a metal oxide nanoparticle. In contrast with dye-sensitized metal oxide electron transfer studies, our systems did not exhibit unthermalized hot-electron injection due to relatively large ratios of electron cooling rate to electron transfer rate. To investigate the implications of these findings in photovoltaic cells, quantum dot-metal oxide working electrodes were constructed in an identical fashion to the films used for the electron transfer portion of the study. Interestingly, the films which exhibited the fastest electron transfer rates (SnO2) were not the same as those which showed the highest photocurrent (TiO2). These findings suggest that, in addition to electron transfer at the quantum dot-metal oxide interface, other electron transfer reactions play key roles in the determination of overall device efficiency. PMID:21149685

Photoinduced electron transfer from semiconductor quantum dots to metal oxide nanoparticles.

PubMed

Tvrdy, Kevin; Frantsuzov, Pavel A; Kamat, Prashant V

2011-01-04

Quantum dot-metal oxide junctions are an integral part of next-generation solar cells, light emitting diodes, and nanostructured electronic arrays. Here we present a comprehensive examination of electron transfer at these junctions, using a series of CdSe quantum dot donors (sizes 2.8, 3.3, 4.0, and 4.2 nm in diameter) and metal oxide nanoparticle acceptors (SnO(2), TiO(2), and ZnO). Apparent electron transfer rate constants showed strong dependence on change in system free energy, exhibiting a sharp rise at small driving forces followed by a modest rise further away from the characteristic reorganization energy. The observed trend mimics the predicted behavior of electron transfer from a single quantum state to a continuum of electron accepting states, such as those present in the conduction band of a metal oxide nanoparticle. In contrast with dye-sensitized metal oxide electron transfer studies, our systems did not exhibit unthermalized hot-electron injection due to relatively large ratios of electron cooling rate to electron transfer rate. To investigate the implications of these findings in photovoltaic cells, quantum dot-metal oxide working electrodes were constructed in an identical fashion to the films used for the electron transfer portion of the study. Interestingly, the films which exhibited the fastest electron transfer rates (SnO(2)) were not the same as those which showed the highest photocurrent (TiO(2)). These findings suggest that, in addition to electron transfer at the quantum dot-metal oxide interface, other electron transfer reactions play key roles in the determination of overall device efficiency.

[Palliative care pathways of older patients].

PubMed

Zubieta, Lourdes; Hébert, Réjean; Raîche, Michel

To determine the palliative care pathways of older patients in Sherbrooke, Qc by examining their transfers to other facilities. This analysis was conducted by linking 3 databases: emergency department, hospitalizations and nursing homes. The study period ranged from January 2011 to December 2015. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. The study only included palliative care patients. 25% of patients waited less than 7 days for transfer, and 74% waited less than 3 weeks. 64.9% of patients were transferred to a long-term facility for dependent adults (LTF), 15.2% returned home or were transferred to private accommodation, and 15.9% were transferred to an intermediate care facility. One-half of patients subsequently changed facility, mainly those in homes or intermediate care. Palliative care patient bed occupation rates represented 1% of available bed-days and less than 2% of total beds for 86.4% of days. Only 12% of patients returned to hospital within 90 days after discharge. The number of beds occupied by palliative care patients does not seem to disrupt the hospital capacity. The majority of the palliative care patients were well managed, as reflected by the low readmission rate. Our results indicate good management of transfers and an adequate supply of long-term care facilities and home services.

Factors affecting nursing staff use of a communication tool to reduce potentially preventable acute care transfers in long-term care.

PubMed

Ballard, Stephanie A; Peretti, Matteo; Lungu, Ovidiu; Voyer, Philippe; Tabamo, Fruan; Alfonso, Linda; Cetin-Sahin, Deniz; Johnson, Sarasa M A; Wilchesky, Machelle

Although specialized communication tools can effectively reduce acute care transfers, few studies have assessed the factors that may influence the use of such tools by nursing staff at the individual level. We evaluated the associations between years of experience, tool-related training, nursing attitudes, and intensity of use of a communication tool developed to reduce transfers in a long-term care facility. We employed a mixed methods design using data from medical charts, electronic records, and semi-structured interviews. Experienced nurses used the tool significantly less than inexperienced nurses, and training had a significant positive impact on tool use. Nurses found the purpose of the tool to be confusing. No significant differences in attitude were observed based on years of experience or intensity of use. Project findings indicate that focused efforts to enrich training may increase intervention adherence. Experienced nurses in particular should be made aware of the benefits of utilizing communication tools. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Electrochemical control over photoinduced electron transfer and trapping in CdSe-CdTe quantum-dot solids.

PubMed

Boehme, Simon C; Walvis, T Ardaan; Infante, Ivan; Grozema, Ferdinand C; Vanmaekelbergh, Daniël; Siebbeles, Laurens D A; Houtepen, Arjan J

2014-07-22

Understanding and controlling charge transfer between different kinds of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) is important for devices such as light-emitting diodes and solar cells and for thermoelectric applications. Here we study photoinduced electron transfer between CdTe and CdSe QDs in a QD film. We find that very efficient electron trapping in CdTe QDs obstructs electron transfer to CdSe QDs under most conditions. Only the use of thiol ligands results in somewhat slower electron trapping; in this case the competition between trapping and electron transfer results in a small fraction of electrons being transferred to CdSe. However, we demonstrate that electron trapping can be controlled and even avoided altogether by using the unique combination of electrochemistry and transient absorption spectroscopy. When the Fermi level is raised electrochemically, traps are filled with electrons and electron transfer from CdTe to CdSe QDs occurs with unity efficiency. These results show the great importance of knowing and controlling the Fermi level in QD films and open up the possibility of studying the density of trap states in QD films as well as the systematic investigation of the intrinsic electron transfer rates in donor-acceptor films.

Hot-electron transfer in quantum-dot heterojunction films.

PubMed

Grimaldi, Gianluca; Crisp, Ryan W; Ten Brinck, Stephanie; Zapata, Felipe; van Ouwendorp, Michiko; Renaud, Nicolas; Kirkwood, Nicholas; Evers, Wiel H; Kinge, Sachin; Infante, Ivan; Siebbeles, Laurens D A; Houtepen, Arjan J

2018-06-13

Thermalization losses limit the photon-to-power conversion of solar cells at the high-energy side of the solar spectrum, as electrons quickly lose their energy relaxing to the band edge. Hot-electron transfer could reduce these losses. Here, we demonstrate fast and efficient hot-electron transfer between lead selenide and cadmium selenide quantum dots assembled in a quantum-dot heterojunction solid. In this system, the energy structure of the absorber material and of the electron extracting material can be easily tuned via a variation of quantum-dot size, allowing us to tailor the energetics of the transfer process for device applications. The efficiency of the transfer process increases with excitation energy as a result of the more favorable competition between hot-electron transfer and electron cooling. The experimental picture is supported by time-domain density functional theory calculations, showing that electron density is transferred from lead selenide to cadmium selenide quantum dots on the sub-picosecond timescale.

Intra-molecular Charge Transfer and Electron Delocalization in Non-fullerene Organic Solar Cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Qinghe; Zhao, Donglin; Goldey, Matthew B.

Two types of electron acceptors were synthesized by coupling two kinds of electron-rich cores with four equivalent perylene diimides (PDIs) at the a position. With fully aromatic cores, TPB and TPSe have pi-orbitals spread continuously over the whole aromatic conjugated backbone, unlike TPC and TPSi, which contain isolated PDI units due to the use of a tetrahedron carbon or silicon linker. Density functional theory calculations of the projected density of states showed that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) for TPB are localized in separate regions of space. Further, the LUMO of TPB showsmore » a greater contribution from the orbitals belonging to the connective core of the molecules than that of TPC. Overall, the properties of the HOMO and LUMO point at increased intra-molecular delocalization of negative charge carriers for TPB and TPSe than for TPC and TPSi and hence at a more facile intra-molecular charge transfer for the former. The film absorption and emission spectra showed evidences for the inter -molecular electron delocalization in TPB and TPSe, which is consistent with the network structure revealed by X-ray diffraction studies on single crystals of TPB. These features benefit the formation of charge transfer states and/or facilitate charge transport. Thus, higher electron mobility and higher charge dissociation probabilities under J(sc) condition were observed in blend films of TPB:PTB7-Th and TPSe:PTB7-Th than those in TPC:PTB7Th and TPSi:PTB7-Th blend films. As a result, the J(sc) and fill factor values of 15.02 mA/cm(2), 0.58 and 14.36 mA/cm(2), 0.55 for TPB- and TPSe-based solar cell are observed, whereas those for TPC and TPSi are 11.55 mA/cm2, 0.47 and 10.35 mA/cm(2), 0.42, respectively.« less

Proton Form Factor Puzzle and the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) two-photon exchange experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rimal, Dipak

The electromagnetic form factors are the most fundamental observables that encode information about the internal structure of the nucleon. The electric (GE) and the magnetic ( GM) form factors contain information about the spatial distribution of the charge and magnetization inside the nucleon. A significant discrepancy exists between the Rosenbluth and the polarization transfer measurements of the electromagnetic form factors of the proton. One possible explanation for the discrepancy is the contributions of two-photon exchange (TPE) effects. Theoretical calculations estimating the magnitude of the TPE effect are highly model dependent, and limited experimental evidence for such effects exists. Experimentally, the TPE effect can be measured by comparing the ratio of positron-proton elastic scattering cross section to that of the electron-proton [R = sigma(e +p)/sigma(e+p)]. The ratio R was measured over a wide range of kinematics, utilizing a 5.6 GeV primary electron beam produced by the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab. This dissertation explored dependence of R on kinematic variables such as squared four-momentum transfer (Q2) and the virtual photon polarization parameter (epsilon). A mixed electron-positron beam was produced from the primary electron beam in experimental Hall B. The mixed beam was scattered from a liquid hydrogen (LH2) target. Both the scattered lepton and the recoil proton were detected by the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). The elastic events were then identified by using elastic scattering kinematics. This work extracted the Q2 dependence of R at high epsilon(epsilon > 0.8) and the $epsilon dependence of R at approx 0.85 GeV2. In these kinematics, our data confirm the validity of the hadronic calculations of the TPE effect by Blunden, Melnitchouk, and Tjon. This hadronic TPE effect, with additional corrections contributed by higher excitations of the intermediate state nucleon, largely reconciles the Rosenbluth and the polarization transfer measurements of the electromagnetic form factors.

Surface molecular imprinting onto fluorescein-coated magnetic nanoparticlesvia reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization: A facile three-in-one system for recognition and separation of endocrine disrupting chemicals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Ying; Dong, Cunku; Chu, Jia; Qi, Jingyao; Li, Xin

2011-01-01

In this study, we present a general protocol for the making of surface-imprinted magnetic fluorescence beads viareversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The resulting composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The as-synthesized beads exhibited homogeneous polymer films (thickness of about 5.7 nm), spherical shape, high fluorescence intensity and magnetic property (Magnetization (Ms) = 3.67 emu g-1). The hybrids bind the original template 17β-estradiol with an appreciable selectivity over structurally related compounds. In addition, the resulting hybrids performed without obvious deterioration after five repeated cycles. This study therefore demonstrates the potential of molecularly imprinted polymers for the recognition and separation of endocrine disrupting chemicals.In this study, we present a general protocol for the making of surface-imprinted magnetic fluorescence beads viareversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The resulting composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The as-synthesized beads exhibited homogeneous polymer films (thickness of about 5.7 nm), spherical shape, high fluorescence intensity and magnetic property (Magnetization (Ms) = 3.67 emu g-1). The hybrids bind the original template 17β-estradiol with an appreciable selectivity over structurally related compounds. In addition, the resulting hybrids performed without obvious deterioration after five repeated cycles. This study therefore demonstrates the potential of molecularly imprinted polymers for the recognition and separation of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Supplementary figure S1. The hysteresis loop of Fe3O4 (a), Fe3O4@SiO2 (b), and Fe3O4@SiO2-Dye-SiO2 (c). See DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00614a

Electron-transfer oxidation properties of DNA bases and DNA oligomers.

PubMed

Fukuzumi, Shunichi; Miyao, Hiroshi; Ohkubo, Kei; Suenobu, Tomoyoshi

2005-04-21

Kinetics for the thermal and photoinduced electron-transfer oxidation of a series of DNA bases with various oxidants having the known one-electron reduction potentials (E(red)) in an aqueous solution at 298 K were examined, and the resulting electron-transfer rate constants (k(et)) were evaluated in light of the free energy relationship of electron transfer to determine the one-electron oxidation potentials (E(ox)) of DNA bases and the intrinsic barrier of the electron transfer. Although the E(ox) value of GMP at pH 7 is the lowest (1.07 V vs SCE) among the four DNA bases, the highest E(ox) value (CMP) is only 0.19 V higher than that of GMP. The selective oxidation of GMP in the thermal electron-transfer oxidation of GMP results from a significant decrease in the pH dependent oxidation potential due to the deprotonation of GMP*+. The one-electron reduced species of the photosensitizer produced by photoinduced electron transfer are observed as the transient absorption spectra when the free energy change of electron transfer is negative. The rate constants of electron-transfer oxidation of the guanine moieties in DNA oligomers with Fe(bpy)3(3+) and Ru(bpy)3(3+) were also determined using DNA oligomers containing different guanine (G) sequences from 1 to 10 G. The rate constants of electron-transfer oxidation of the guanine moieties in single- and double-stranded DNA oligomers with Fe(bpy)3(2+) and Ru(bpy)3(3+) are dependent on the number of sequential guanine molecules as well as on pH.

14 CFR 1274.931 - Electronic funds transfer payment methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Electronic funds transfer payment methods... COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS WITH COMMERCIAL FIRMS Other Provisions and Special Conditions § 1274.931 Electronic funds transfer payment methods. Electronic Funds Transfer Payment Methods July 2002 Payments under this...

77 FR 40459 - Electronic Fund Transfers (Regulation E); Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-10

... Electronic Fund Transfers (Regulation E); Correction AGENCY: Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection. ACTION... published the Final Rule (77 FR 6194), which implements the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, and the official... Sec. 1005.3(a) in the interim final rule, Electronic Fund Transfers (Regulation E), published on...

14 CFR 1274.931 - Electronic funds transfer payment methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Electronic funds transfer payment methods... COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS WITH COMMERCIAL FIRMS Other Provisions and Special Conditions § 1274.931 Electronic funds transfer payment methods. Electronic Funds Transfer Payment Methods July 2002 Payments under this...

A Space Station tethered orbital refueling facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fester, D. A.; Rudolph, L. K.; Kiefel, E. R.

1985-01-01

A planned function of the Space Station is to refurbish and refuel an advanced space-based LO2/LH2 orbit transfer vehicle. An alternative to propellant storage at the station is to use a remote facility tied to the station with a long tether. Preliminary design of such a facility is described with emphasis on fluid transfer and storage requirements. Using tether lengths of at least 300 ft, gravity gradient forces will dominate surface tension in such a system. Although gravity driven transfer is difficult because of line pressure drops, fluid settling over the tank outlet greatly alleviates acquisition concerns and will facilitate vented tank fills. The major concern with a tethered orbital refueling facility is its considerable operational complexity including transport of the OTV to and from the facility.

Prediction of LDEF ionizing radiation environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Watts, John W.; Parnell, T. A.; Derrickson, James H.; Armstrong, T. W.; Benton, E. V.

1992-01-01

The Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) spacecraft flew in a 28.5 deg inclination circular orbit with an altitude in the range from 172 to 258.5 nautical miles. For this orbital altitude and inclination two components contribute most of the penetrating charge particle radiation encountered - the galactic cosmic rays and the geomagnetically trapped Van Allen protons. Where shielding is less than 1.0 g/sq cm geomagnetically trapped electrons make a significant contribution. The 'Vette' models together with the associated magnetic filed models were used to obtain the trapped electron and proton fluences. The mission proton doses were obtained from the fluence using the Burrell proton dose program. For the electron and bremsstrahlung dose we used the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) electron dose program. The predicted doses were in general agreement with those measured with on-board thermoluminescent detector (TLD) dosimeters. The NRL package of programs, Cosmic Ray Effects on MicroElectronics (CREME), was used to calculate the linear energy transfer (LET) spectrum due to galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and trapped protons for comparison with LDEF measurements.

One-step construction of heterostructured metal-organics@Bi2O3 with improved photoinduced charge transfer and enhanced activity in photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole under solar light irradiation.

PubMed

Bao, Yueping; Lim, Teik-Thye; Goei, Ronn; Zhong, Ziyi; Wang, Rong; Hu, Xiao

2018-08-01

A facile one-step assembly method was developed for the preparation of metal-organics @Bi 2 O 3 composites for photocatalysis. Two kinds of metal-organics (Ti-bdc and Cu-btc)@Bi 2 O 3 composites were synthesized via the coordination of btc 3- /bdc 2- and metal ions (Ti 4+ /Cu 2+ ) as well as OH on the surface of Bi 2 O 3 . Compared with pure Bi 2 O 3, Ti-bdc@Bi 2 O 3 shows a 1.7 times higher photocatalytic activity in the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) under a simulated solar irradiation with a cumulative removal of 62% within 60 min. The high photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the high charge separation, enhanced electron transfer as well as the low recombination rate of photo-generated electrons and holes due to the construction of hetero-structures. The stability test showed that Ti-bdc@Bi 2 O 3 is more stable in water than Cu-btc@Bi 2 O 3 . Furthermore, through the radical-trapping experiments and main intermediates detection, it is demonstrated that the photo-generated holes as well as the OH and O 2 - formed dominate the photocatalytic decomposition of SMX. These findings demonstrate the potential usage of a facile method to synthesize metal-organics and metal oxides composites, some of which possess high water stability and thus could be employed for water treatment. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Facile fabrication and configuration design of Co3O4 porous acicular nanorod arrays on Ni foam for supercapacitors.

PubMed

Jiang, Tongtong; Yang, Siyu; Bai, Zhiman; Dai, Peng; Yu, Xinxin; Wu, Mingzai; Hu, Haibo

2018-08-03

The configuration of electrode materials is of great significance to the performance of supercapacitors (SCs) because of its direct effects on specific surface area and electron transfer path. Given this, herein, a series of Co 3 O 4 hierarchical configurations composed of porous acicular nanorods are designedly synthesized on Ni foam with in-site self-organization method depending on the addition of NH 4 F. In the absence of NH 4 F, Co 3 O 4 nanorods self-assemble into porous urchin-like structure (PULS), while the introduction of NH 4 F can induce the vertical growth of Co 3 O 4 acicular nanorods, forming porous acicular nanorod arrays (PANRAs). By simply tuning the concentration of NH 4 F, the Co 3 O 4 PANRAs with different specific surface area can be obtained. As expected, Co 3 O 4 PANRAs electrode for SCs (using 1 mmol of NH 4 F) exhibits high specific capacitance (1486 F g -1 at 1 A g -1 ) and excellent cycling stability (98.8% retention after 5000 continuous charge-discharge cycles), which are better than those of Co 3 O 4 PULS electrode (658.2 F g -1 at 1 A g -1 , 90.4%). Corresponding solid-state symmetric SC achieves a high energy density of 48.63 Wh kg -1 at power density of 600 W kg -1 . Such superior performance is attributed to fast charge transfer kinetics, facile electron transport and ions diffusion rate resulting from porous array structure, indicating the importance of configuration design of electrode materials for high performance SCs.

Determination of the Heat and Mass Transfer Efficiency at the Contact Stage of a Jet-Film Facility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dmitrieva, O. S.; Madyshev, I. N.; Dmitriev, A. V.

2017-05-01

A contact jet-film facility has been developed for increasing the efficiency of operation of industrial cooling towers. The results of experimental and analytical investigation of the operation of this facility, its hydraulic resistance, and of the heat and mass transfer efficiency of its contact stage are presented.

10 CFR 770.7 - What procedures are to be used to transfer real property at defense nuclear facilities for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... supporting the economic viability of the proposed development; and (v) The consideration offered and any... at defense nuclear facilities for economic development? 770.7 Section 770.7 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT § 770.7 What...

10 CFR 770.7 - What procedures are to be used to transfer real property at defense nuclear facilities for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) Information supporting the economic viability of the proposed development; and (v) The consideration offered... at defense nuclear facilities for economic development? 770.7 Section 770.7 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT § 770.7 What...

10 CFR 770.7 - What procedures are to be used to transfer real property at defense nuclear facilities for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... supporting the economic viability of the proposed development; and (v) The consideration offered and any... at defense nuclear facilities for economic development? 770.7 Section 770.7 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT § 770.7 What...

10 CFR 770.7 - What procedures are to be used to transfer real property at defense nuclear facilities for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... supporting the economic viability of the proposed development; and (v) The consideration offered and any... at defense nuclear facilities for economic development? 770.7 Section 770.7 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT § 770.7 What...

14 CFR § 1260.69 - Electronic funds transfer payment methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Electronic funds transfer payment methods... GRANTS AND COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS General Special Conditions § 1260.69 Electronic funds transfer payment methods. Electronic Funds Transfer Payment Methods October 2000 (a) Payments under this grant will be made...

14 CFR 1260.69 - Electronic funds transfer payment methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Electronic funds transfer payment methods... COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS General Special Conditions § 1260.69 Electronic funds transfer payment methods. Electronic Funds Transfer Payment Methods October 2000 (a) Payments under this grant will be made by the...

14 CFR 1260.69 - Electronic funds transfer payment methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Electronic funds transfer payment methods... COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS General Special Conditions § 1260.69 Electronic funds transfer payment methods. Electronic Funds Transfer Payment Methods October 2000 (a) Payments under this grant will be made by the...

14 CFR 1260.69 - Electronic funds transfer payment methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Electronic funds transfer payment methods... COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS General Special Conditions § 1260.69 Electronic funds transfer payment methods. Electronic Funds Transfer Payment Methods October 2000 (a) Payments under this grant will be made by the...

75 FR 77954 - Transfer of Federally Assisted Facility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-14

... of Charlottesville (City) intends to transfer a facility and land located at 315 4th Street, NW... parcel, and is located at 315 4th Street, NW., in Charlottesville, Virginia. The building is within an...

36 CFR 1232.14 - What requirements must an agency meet before it transfers records to a records storage facility?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Administration, Modern Records Programs (NWM), 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001, phone number (301... agency meet before it transfers records to a records storage facility? 1232.14 Section 1232.14 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION RECORDS MANAGEMENT TRANSFER OF...

36 CFR 1232.14 - What requirements must an agency meet before it transfers records to a records storage facility?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Administration, Modern Records Programs (NWM), 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001, phone number (301... agency meet before it transfers records to a records storage facility? 1232.14 Section 1232.14 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION RECORDS MANAGEMENT TRANSFER OF...

36 CFR 1232.14 - What requirements must an agency meet before it transfers records to a records storage facility?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Administration, Modern Records Programs (NWM), 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001, phone number (301... agency meet before it transfers records to a records storage facility? 1232.14 Section 1232.14 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION RECORDS MANAGEMENT TRANSFER OF...

Are facilities following best practices of pediatric abdominal CT scans?

PubMed

Nosek, Amy E; Hartin, Charles W; Bass, Kathryn D; Glick, Philip L; Caty, Michael G; Dayton, Merril T; Ozgediz, Doruk E

2013-05-01

Established guidelines for pediatric abdominal CT scans include reduced radiation dosage to minimize cancer risk and the use of intravenous (IV) contrast to obtain the highest-quality diagnostic images. We wish to determine if these practices are being used at nonpediatric facilities that transfer children to a pediatric facility. Children transferred to a tertiary pediatric facility over a 16-mo period with abdominal CT scans performed for evaluation of possible appendicitis were retrospectively reviewed for demographics, diagnosis, radiation dosage, CT contrast use, and scan quality. If CT scans were repeated, the radiation dosage between facilities was compared using Student t-test. Ninety-one consecutive children transferred from 29 different facilities had retrievable CT scan images and clinical information. Half of CT scans from transferring institutions used IV contrast. Due to poor quality or inconclusive CT scans, 19 patients required a change in management. Children received significantly less radiation at our institution compared to the referring adult facility for the same body area scanned on the same child (9.7 mSv versus 19.9 mSv, P = 0.0079). Pediatric facilities may be using less radiation per CT scan due to a heightened awareness of radiation risks and specific pediatric CT scanning protocols. The benefits of IV contrast for the diagnostic yield of pediatric CT scans should be considered to obtain the best possible image and to prevent additional imaging. Every facility performing pediatric CT scans should minimize radiation exposure, and pediatric facilities should provide feedback and education to other facilities scanning children. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Optimizing Patient Transfers, Impacting Medical Quality, andImproving Symptoms:Transforming Institutional Care approach: preliminary data from the implementation of a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services nursing facility demonstration project.

PubMed

Unroe, Kathleen T; Nazir, Arif; Holtz, Laura R; Maurer, Helen; Miller, Ellen; Hickman, Susan E; La Mantia, Michael A; Bennett, Merih; Arling, Greg; Sachs, Greg A

2015-01-01

The Optimizing Patient Transfers, Impacting Medical Quality, and Improving Symptoms: Transforming Institutional Care (OPTIMISTIC) project aims to reduce avoidable hospitalizations of long-stay residents enrolled in 19 central Indiana nursing facilities. This clinical demonstration project, funded by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Innovations Center, places a registered nurse in each nursing facility to implement an evidence-based quality improvement program with clinical support from nurse practitioners. A description of the model is presented, and early implementation experiences during the first year of the project are reported. Important elements include better medical care through implementation of Interventions to Reduce Acute Care Transfers tools and chronic care management, enhanced transitional care, and better palliative care with a focus on systematic advance care planning. There were 4,035 long-stay residents in 19 facilities enrolled in OPTIMISTIC between February 2013 and January 2014. Root-cause analyses were performed for all 910 acute transfers of these long stay residents. Of these transfers, the project RN evaluated 29% as avoidable (57% were not avoidable and 15% were missing), and opportunities for quality improvement were identified in 54% of transfers. Lessons learned in early implementation included defining new clinical roles, integrating into nursing facility culture, managing competing facility priorities, communicating with multiple stakeholders, and developing a system for collecting and managing data. The success of the overall initiative will be measured primarily according to reduction in avoidable hospitalizations of long-stay nursing facility residents. © 2014, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2014, The American Geriatrics Society.

The influence of dielectric relaxation on intramolecular electron transfer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heitele, H.; Michel-Beyerle, M. E.; Finckh, P.

1987-07-01

An unusually strong temperature dependence on the intramolecular electron-transfer rate has been observed for bridged donor-acceptor compounds in propylene glycol solution. In the frame of recent electron-transfer theories this effect reflects the influence of dielectric relaxation dynamics on electron transfer. With increasing dielectric relaxation time a smooth transition from non-adiabatic to solvent-controlled adiabatic behaviour is observed. The electron transfer rate in the solvent-controlled adiabatic limit is dominated by an inhomogeneous distribution of relaxation times.

Materials and systems for unassisted photoelectrochemical solar fuels production (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Jae Sung

2016-10-01

About 400 semiconductor solids are known to have photocatalytic activity for water splitting. Yet there is no single material that could satisfy all the requirements for desired photocatalysts: i) suitable band gap energy (1.7 eV< Eg < 2.3 eV) for high efficiency, ii) proper band position for reduction and/or oxidation of water, iii) long-term stability in aqueous solutions, iv) low cost, v) high crystallinity, and vi) high conductivity. Hence, in the selection of photocatalytic materials, we better start from intrinsically stable materials made of earth-abundant elements. The band bap energy is also the primary consideration to absorb ample amount of solar energy of wide wavelength spectrum. It sets the limit of theoretically maximum efficiency and it could also be extended by band engineering techniques. Upon selection of the candidate materials, we can also modify the materials for full utilization their potentials. The main path of efficiency loss in PEC water splitting process is recombination of photoelectrons and holes. We discuss the material designs including i) p-n heterojunction photoanodes for effective electron-hole separation, ii) electron highway to facilitate interparticle electron transfer, iii) metal or anion doping to improve conductivity of the semiconductor and to extend the range of light absorption, iv) one-dimensional nanomaterials to secure a short hole diffusion distance and vectoral electron transfer, and v) loading co-catalysts for facile charge separation. High efficiency has been demonstrated for all these examples due to efficient electron-hole separation. Finally, total systems for unassisted solar fuel production are demonstrated.

12 CFR 205.15 - Electronic fund transfer of government benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Electronic fund transfer of government benefits. 205.15 Section 205.15 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) § 205.15 Electronic fund transfer of government...

12 CFR 1005.3 - Coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...-time electronic fund transfer from a consumer's account. The consumer must authorize the transfer. (ii... one-time electronic fund transfer (in providing a check to a merchant or other payee for the MICR... transfer. A consumer authorizes a one-time electronic fund transfer from his or her account to pay the fee...

36 CFR 1232.16 - What documentation must an agency create before it transfers records to a records storage facility?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What documentation must an agency create before it transfers records to a records storage facility? 1232.16 Section 1232.16 Parks... RECORDS TO RECORDS STORAGE FACILITIES § 1232.16 What documentation must an agency create before it...

10 CFR 770.5 - How does DOE notify persons and entities that defense nuclear facility real property is available...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false How does DOE notify persons and entities that defense nuclear facility real property is available for transfer for economic development? 770.5 Section 770.5 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC...

10 CFR 770.6 - May interested persons and entities request that real property at defense nuclear facilities be...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false May interested persons and entities request that real property at defense nuclear facilities be transferred for economic development? 770.6 Section 770.6 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT § 770.6...

10 CFR 770.5 - How does DOE notify persons and entities that defense nuclear facility real property is available...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false How does DOE notify persons and entities that defense nuclear facility real property is available for transfer for economic development? 770.5 Section 770.5 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC...

10 CFR 770.6 - May interested persons and entities request that real property at defense nuclear facilities be...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false May interested persons and entities request that real property at defense nuclear facilities be transferred for economic development? 770.6 Section 770.6 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT § 770.6...

Clinical Outcomes among Transferred Children with Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample.

PubMed

Adil, Malik M; Vidal, Gabriel A; Beslow, Lauren A

2016-11-01

Children with ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) may require interfacility transfer for higher level of care. We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of transferred and nontransferred children with IS and HS. Children aged 1-18 years admitted to hospitals in the United States from 2008 to 2011 with a primary discharge diagnosis of IS and HS were identified from the National Inpatient Sample database by ICD-9 codes. Using logistic regression, we estimated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for in-hospital mortality and discharge to nursing facilities (versus discharge home) between transferred and nontransferred patients. Of the 2815 children with IS, 26.7% were transferred. In-hospital mortality and discharge to nursing facilities were not different between transferred and nontransferred children in univariable analysis or in multivariable analysis that adjusted for age, sex, and confounding factors. Of the 6879 children with HS, 27.1% were transferred. Transferred compared to nontransferred children had higher rates of both in-hospital mortality (8% versus 4%, P = .003) and discharge to nursing facilities (25% versus 20%, P = .03). After adjusting for age, sex, and confounding factors, in-hospital mortality (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.4, P = .04) remained higher in transferred children, whereas discharge to nursing facilities was not different between the groups. HS but not IS was associated with worse outcomes for children transferred to another hospital compared to children who were not transferred. Additional study is needed to understand what factors may contribute to poorer outcomes among transferred children with HS. Copyright © 2016 National Stroke Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

12 CFR 205.14 - Electronic fund transfer service provider not holding consumer's account.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... consumer learns of the loss or theft; and extends the time periods for reporting unauthorized transfers or... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Electronic fund transfer service provider not... GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) § 205.14 Electronic fund...

12 CFR 205.14 - Electronic fund transfer service provider not holding consumer's account.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... consumer learns of the loss or theft; and extends the time periods for reporting unauthorized transfers or... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Electronic fund transfer service provider not... GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) § 205.14 Electronic fund...

12 CFR 205.14 - Electronic fund transfer service provider not holding consumer's account.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... consumer learns of the loss or theft; and extends the time periods for reporting unauthorized transfers or... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Electronic fund transfer service provider not... GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) § 205.14 Electronic fund...

12 CFR 205.14 - Electronic fund transfer service provider not holding consumer's account.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... consumer learns of the loss or theft; and extends the time periods for reporting unauthorized transfers or... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Electronic fund transfer service provider not... GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) § 205.14 Electronic fund...

12 CFR 205.14 - Electronic fund transfer service provider not holding consumer's account.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... consumer learns of the loss or theft; and extends the time periods for reporting unauthorized transfers or... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Electronic fund transfer service provider not... GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) § 205.14 Electronic fund...

Nanoplasma Formation by High Intensity Hard X-rays

PubMed Central

Tachibana, T.; Jurek, Z.; Fukuzawa, H.; Motomura, K.; Nagaya, K.; Wada, S.; Johnsson, P.; Siano, M.; Mondal, S.; Ito, Y.; Kimura, M.; Sakai, T.; Matsunami, K.; Hayashita, H.; Kajikawa, J.; Liu, X.-J.; Robert, E.; Miron, C.; Feifel, R.; Marangos, J. P.; Tono, K.; Inubushi, Y.; Yabashi, M.; Son, S.-K.; Ziaja, B.; Yao, M.; Santra, R.; Ueda, K.

2015-01-01

Using electron spectroscopy, we have investigated nanoplasma formation from noble gas clusters exposed to high-intensity hard-x-ray pulses at ~5 keV. Our experiment was carried out at the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) facility in Japan. Dedicated theoretical simulations were performed with the molecular dynamics tool XMDYN. We found that in this unprecedented wavelength regime nanoplasma formation is a highly indirect process. In the argon clusters investigated, nanoplasma is mainly formed through secondary electron cascading initiated by slow Auger electrons. Energy is distributed within the sample entirely through Auger processes and secondary electron cascading following photoabsorption, as in the hard x-ray regime there is no direct energy transfer from the field to the plasma. This plasma formation mechanism is specific to the hard-x-ray regime and may, thus, also be important for XFEL-based molecular imaging studies. In xenon clusters, photo- and Auger electrons contribute more significantly to the nanoplasma formation. Good agreement between experiment and simulations validates our modelling approach. This has wide-ranging implications for our ability to quantitatively predict the behavior of complex molecular systems irradiated by high-intensity hard x-rays. PMID:26077863

Hierarchically porous carbon derived from banana peel for lithium sulfur battery with high areal and gravimetric sulfur loading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Fanqun; Qin, Furong; Zhang, Kai; Fang, Jing; Lai, Yanqing; Li, Jie

2017-09-01

Facile and sustainable route is developed to convert biomass into hierarchically porous carbon matrix cooperating with highly conductive graphene. By tailoring the porosity of the carbon matrix to promote fast mass transfer and cooperating highly conductive interconnected graphene frameworks to accelerate the electron transport, the carbon sulfur cathodes simultaneously achieve high areal and gravimetric sulfur loading/content (6 mg cm-2/67 wt%) and deliver outstanding electrochemical performance. After 100 cyclic discharge-charge test at the current density of 0.2 C, the reversible capacity maintains at 707 mA h g-1.

Anomalous single-electron transfer in common-gate quadruple-dot single-electron devices with asymmetric junction capacitances

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Imai, Shigeru; Ito, Masato

2018-06-01

In this paper, anomalous single-electron transfer in common-gate quadruple-dot turnstile devices with asymmetric junction capacitances is revealed. That is, the islands have the same total number of excess electrons at high and low gate voltages of the swing that transfers a single electron. In another situation, two electrons enter the islands from the source and two electrons leave the islands for the source and drain during a gate voltage swing cycle. First, stability diagrams of the turnstile devices are presented. Then, sequences of single-electron tunneling events by gate voltage swings are investigated, which demonstrate the above-mentioned anomalous single-electron transfer between the source and the drain. The anomalous single-electron transfer can be understood by regarding the four islands as “three virtual islands and a virtual source or drain electrode of a virtual triple-dot device”. The anomalous behaviors of the four islands are explained by the normal behavior of the virtual islands transferring a single electron and the behavior of the virtual electrode.

Apparatus and method of direct water cooling several parallel circuit cards each containing several chip packages

DOEpatents

Cipolla, Thomas M [Katonah, NY; Colgan, Evan George [Chestnut Ridge, NY; Coteus, Paul W [Yorktown Heights, NY; Hall, Shawn Anthony [Pleasantville, NY; Tian, Shurong [Mount Kisco, NY

2011-12-20

A cooling apparatus, system and like method for an electronic device includes a plurality of heat producing electronic devices affixed to a wiring substrate. A plurality of heat transfer assemblies each include heat spreaders and thermally communicate with the heat producing electronic devices for transferring heat from the heat producing electronic devices to the heat transfer assemblies. The plurality of heat producing electronic devices and respective heat transfer assemblies are positioned on the wiring substrate having the regions overlapping. A heat conduit thermally communicates with the heat transfer assemblies. The heat conduit circulates thermally conductive fluid therethrough in a closed loop for transferring heat to the fluid from the heat transfer assemblies via the heat spreader. A thermally conductive support structure supports the heat conduit and thermally communicates with the heat transfer assemblies via the heat spreader transferring heat to the fluid of the heat conduit from the support structure.

Author Contribution to the Pu Handbook II: Chapter 37 LLNL Integrated Sample Preparation Glovebox (TEM) Section

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wall, Mark A.

The development of our Integrated Actinide Sample Preparation Laboratory (IASPL) commenced in 1998 driven by the need to perform transmission electron microscopy studies on naturally aged plutonium and its alloys looking for the microstructural effects of the radiological decay process (1). Remodeling and construction of a laboratory within the Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate facilities at LLNL was required to turn a standard radiological laboratory into a Radiological Materials Area (RMA) and Radiological Buffer Area (RBA) containing type I, II and III workplaces. Two inert atmosphere dry-train glove boxes with antechambers and entry/exit fumehoods (Figure 1), having a baseline atmospheremore » of 1 ppm oxygen and 1 ppm water vapor, a utility fumehood and a portable, and a third double-walled enclosure have been installed and commissioned. These capabilities, along with highly trained technical staff, facilitate the safe operation of sample preparation processes and instrumentation, and sample handling while minimizing oxidation or corrosion of the plutonium. In addition, we are currently developing the capability to safely transfer small metallographically prepared samples to a mini-SEM for microstructural imaging and chemical analysis. The gloveboxes continue to be the most crucial element of the laboratory allowing nearly oxide-free sample preparation for a wide variety of LLNL-based characterization experiments, which includes transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, optical microscopy, electrical resistivity, ion implantation, X-ray diffraction and absorption, magnetometry, metrological surface measurements, high-pressure diamond anvil cell equation-of-state, phonon dispersion measurements, X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The sample preparation and materials processing capabilities in the IASPL have also facilitated experimentation at world-class facilities such as the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, France, the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Facility, the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the Triumph Accelerator in Canada.« less

Tethered orbital propellant depot

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fester, D. A.; Rudolph, L. K.; Kiefel, E. R.

1985-01-01

A planned function of the Space Station is to refurbish and refuel an advanced space-based LO2/LH2 orbit transfer vehicle. An alternative to propellant storage at the station is to use a remote facility tied to the station with a log tether. Preliminary design of such a facility is described with emphasis on fluid transfer and storage requirements. Using tether lengths of at least 300 ft, gravity gradient forces will dominate surface tension in such a system. Although gravity given transfer is difficult because of line pressure drops, fluid settling over the tank outlet greatly alleviates acquisition concerns and will facilitate vented tank fills. The major concern with a tethered orbital refueling facility is its considerable operational complexity including transport of the OTV to and from the facility.

Acid/base-regulated reversible electron transfer disproportionation of N–N linked bicarbazole and biacridine derivatives† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental information, synthesis and characterization data, NMR spectra, solid state NMR data, X-ray data, ESR spectra, UV-Vis-NIR spectra, fluorescence spectra, kinetic experiments, theoretical calculations, Tables S1–S8, Scheme S1, Fig. S1–12, References. CCDC 1025063, 1038914, 1049677 and 1040722. For ESI and crystallographic data in CIF or other electronic format see DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00946d

PubMed Central

Pandit, Palash; Yamamoto, Koji; Nakamura, Toshikazu; Nishimura, Katsuyuki; Kurashige, Yuki; Yanai, Takeshi; Nakamura, Go; Masaoka, Shigeyuki; Furukawa, Ko; Yakiyama, Yumi; Kawano, Masaki

2015-01-01

Regulation of electron transfer on organic substances by external stimuli is a fundamental issue in science and technology, which affects organic materials, chemical synthesis, and biological metabolism. Nevertheless, acid/base-responsive organic materials that exhibit reversible electron transfer have not been well studied and developed, owing to the difficulty in inventing a mechanism to associate acid/base stimuli and electron transfer. We discovered a new phenomenon in which N–N linked bicarbazole (BC) and tetramethylbiacridine (TBA) derivatives undergo electron transfer disproportionation by acid stimulus, forming their stable radical cations and reduced species. The reaction occurs through a biradical intermediate generated by the acid-triggered N–N bond cleavage reaction of BC or TBA, which acts as a two electron acceptor to undergo electron transfer reactions with two equivalents of BC or TBA. In addition, in the case of TBA the disproportionation reaction is highly reversible through neutralization with NEt3, which recovers TBA through back electron transfer and N–N bond formation reactions. This highly reversible electron transfer reaction is possible due to the association between the acid stimulus and electron transfer via the acid-regulated N–N bond cleavage/formation reactions which provide an efficient switching mechanism, the ability of the organic molecules to act as multi-electron donors and acceptors, the extraordinary stability of the radical species, the highly selective reactivity, and the balance of the redox potentials. This discovery provides new design concepts for acid/base-regulated organic electron transfer systems, chemical reagents, or organic materials. PMID:29218181

Rate of Interfacial Electron Transfer through the 1,2,3-Triazole Linkage

PubMed Central

Devaraj, Neal K.; Decreau, Richard A.; Ebina, Wataru; Collman, James P.; Chidsey, Christopher E. D.

2012-01-01

The rate of electron transfer is measured to two ferrocene and one iron tetraphenylporphyrin redox species coupled through terminal acetylenes to azide-terminated thiol monolayers by the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (a Sharpless “click” reaction) to form the 1,2,3-triazole linkage. The high yield, chemoselectivity, convenience, and broad applicability of this triazole formation reaction make such a modular assembly strategy very attractive. Electron-transfer rate constants from greater than 60,000 to 1 s−1 are obtained by varying the length and conjugation of the electron-transfer bridge and by varying the surrounding diluent thiols in the monolayer. Triazole and the triazole carbonyl linkages provide similar electronic coupling for electron transfer as esters. The ability to vary the rate of electron transfer to many different redox species over many orders of magnitude by using modular coupling chemistry provides a convenient way to study and control the delivery of electrons to multielectron redox catalysts and similar interfacial systems that require controlled delivery of electrons. PMID:16898751

MO-D-213-08: Remote Dosimetric Credentialing for Clinical Trials with the Virtual EPID Standard Phantom Audit (VESPA)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lehmann, J; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW; Miri, N

Purpose: Report on implementation of a Virtual EPID Standard Phantom Audit (VESPA) for IMRT to support credentialing of facilities for clinical trials. Data is acquired by local facility staff and transferred electronically. Analysis is performed centrally. Methods: VESPA is based on published methods and a clinically established IMRT QA procedure, here extended to multi-vendor equipment. Facilities, provided with web-based comprehensive instructions and CT datasets, create IMRT treatment plans. They deliver the treatments directly to their EPID without phantom or couch in the beam. They also deliver a set of simple calibration fields. Collected EPID images are uploaded electronically. In themore » analysis, the dose is projected back into a virtual phantom and 3D gamma analysis is performed. 2D dose planes and linear dose profiles can be analysed when needed for clarification. Results: Pilot facilities covering a range of planning and delivery systems have performed data acquisition and upload successfully. Analysis showed agreement comparable to local experience with the method. Advantages of VESPA are (1) fast turnaround mainly driven by the facility’s capability to provide the requested EPID images, (2) the possibility for facilities performing the audit in parallel, as there is no need to wait for a phantom, (3) simple and efficient credentialing for international facilities, (4) a large set of data points, and (5) a reduced impact on resources and environment as there is no need to transport heavy phantoms or audit staff. Limitations of the current implementation of VESPA for trials credentialing are that it does not provide absolute dosimetry, therefore a Level 1 audit still required, and that it relies on correctly delivered open calibration fields, which are used for system calibration. Conclusion: The implemented EPID based IMRT audit system promises to dramatically improve credentialing efficiency for clinical trials and wider applications. VESPA for VMAT will follow soon.« less

Graphene and CdS nanocomposite: a facile interface for construction of DNA-based electrochemical biosensor and its application to the determination of phenformin.

PubMed

Zeng, Lijiao; Wang, Rui; Zhu, Lihua; Zhang, Jingdong

2013-10-01

Graphene/cadmium sulphide (GR-CdS) nanocomposite was synthesized via a low temperature process in aqueous solution. The as-prepared nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The impedance analysis indicated that GR-CdS nanocomposite possessed outstanding electrochemical performance for facile electron transfer. When DNA was immobilized on GR-CdS (DNA/GR-CdS) modified electrode, the electrochemical oxidation of guanine and adenine in DNA residue bases was significantly promoted. Due to the interaction of DNA with phenformin, the voltammetric current of guanine or adenine on the DNA/GR-CdS electrode was decreased when phenformin was present in the electrolytic solution. Under optimized conditions, the signal of guanine on DNA/GR-CdS electrode decreased linearly with increasing the concentration of phenformin in the range of 1.0×10(-6)molL(-1) to 1.0×10(-3)molL(-1). The proposed DNA-based electrochemical biosensor was successfully applied to the determination of phenformin in real samples. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Identification and Quantification of Carbon Phases in Conversion Fuel for the Transient Reactor Test Facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Steele, Robert; Mata, Angelica; Dunzik-Gougar, Mary Lou

2016-06-01

As part of an overall effort to convert US research reactors to low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel use, a LEU conversion fuel is being designed for the Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) at the Idaho National Laboratory. TREAT fuel compacts are comprised of UO2 fuel particles in a graphitic matrix material. In order to refine heat transfer modeling, as well as determine other physical and nuclear characteristics of the fuel, the amount and type of graphite and non-graphite phases within the fuel matrix must be known. In this study, we performed a series of complementary analyses, designed to allow detailed characterizationmore » of the graphite and phenolic resin based fuel matrix. Methods included Scanning Electron and Transmission Electron Microscopies, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, and Dual-Beam Focused Ion Beam Tomography. Our results indicate that no single characterization technique will yield all of the desired information; however, through the use of statistical and empirical data analysis, such as curve fitting, partial least squares regression, volume extrapolation and spectra peak ratios, a degree of certainty for the quantity of each phase can be obtained.« less

UCSB FEL user-mode adaption project. Final report, 1 Jan 86-31 Dec 90

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jaccarino, V.

1992-04-14

This research sponsored by the SDIO Biomedical and Materials Sciences FEL Program held the following objectives. Provide a facility in which in-house and outside user research in the materials and biological sciences can be carried out in the Far Infrared using-the unique properties of the UCSB electrostatic accelerator-driven FEL. Develop and implement new FEL concepts and FIR technology and encourage the transfer and application of this research. Train graduate students, post doctoral researchers and technical personnel in varied aspects of scientific user disciplines, FEL science and FIR technology in a cooperative, interdisciplinary environment. In summary, a free electron laser facilitymore » has been developed which is operational from 200 GH z, (6.6 cm -1), to 4.8 THz, (160 cm-1) tunable under computer control and able to deliver kilowatts of millimeter wave and far-infrared power. This facility has a well equipped user lab that has been used to perform ground breaking experiments in scientific areas as diverse as bio-physics. Nine graduate students and post doctoral researchers have been trained in the operation, use and application of these free-electron lasers.« less

In situ photodeposition of amorphous CoSx on the TiO2 towards hydrogen evolution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Feng; Luo, Wei; Mo, Yanping; Yu, Huogen; Cheng, Bei

2018-02-01

Cocatalyst modification of photocatalysts is an important strategy to enhance the photocatalytic performance by promoting effective separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs and providing abundant active sites. In this study, a facile in situ photodeposition method was developed to prepare amorphous CoSx-modified TiO2 photocatalysts. It was found that amorphous CoSx nanoparticles were solidly loaded on the TiO2 surface, resulting in a greatly improved photocatalytic H2-evolution performance. When the amount of amorphous CoSx was 10 wt%, the hydrogen evolution rate of the CoSx/TiO2 reached 119.7 μmol h-1, which was almost 16.7 times that of the pure TiO2. According to the above experimental results, a reasonable mechanism of improved photocatalytic performance is proposed for the CoSx/TiO2 photocatalysts, namely, the photogenerated electrons of TiO2 can rapidly transfer to amorphous CoSx nanoparticles due to the solid contact between them, and then amorphous CoSx can provide plenty of sulfur active sites to rapidly adsorb protons from solution to produce hydrogen by the photogenerated electrons. Considering the facile synthesis method, the present cheap and highly efficient amorphous CoSx-modified TiO2 photocatalysts would have great potential for practical use in photocatalytic H2 production.

Mechanisms and Rates of U(VI) Reduction by Fe(II) in Homogeneous Aqueous Solution and the Role of U(V) Disproportionation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Collins, Richard N.; Rosso, Kevin M.

Molecular-level pathways in the aqueous redox transformation of uranium by iron remain unclear, despite the importance of this knowledge for predicting uranium transport and distribution in natural and engineered environments. As the relative importance of homogeneous versus heterogeneous pathways is difficult to probe experimentally, here we apply computational molecular simulation to isolate rates of key one electron transfer reactions in the homogeneous pathway. By comparison to experimental observations the role of the heterogeneous pathway also becomes clear. Density functional theory (DFT) and Marcus theory calculations for all primary monomeric species at pH values ≤7 show for UO22+ and its hydrolysismore » species UO2OH+ and UO2(OH)20 that reduction by Fe2+ is thermodynamically favorable, though kinetically limited for UO22+. An inner-sphere encounter complex between UO2OH+ and Fe2+ was the most stable for the first hydrolysis species and displayed an electron transfer rate constant ket = 4.3 × 103 s-1. Three stable inner- and outer-sphere encounter complexes between UO2(OH)20 and Fe2+ were found, with electron transfer rate constants ranging from ket = 7.6 × 102 to 7.2 × 104 s-1. Homogeneous reduction of these U(VI) hydrolysis species to U(V) is, therefore, predicted to be facile. In contrast, homogeneous reduction of UO2+ by Fe2+ was found to be thermodynamically unfavorable, suggesting the possible importance of U(V)-U(V) disproportionation as a route to U(IV). Calculations on homogeneous disproportionation, however, while yielding a stable outer-sphere U(V)-U(V) encounter complex, indicate that this electron transfer reaction is not feasible at circumneutral pH. Protonation of both axial O atoms of acceptor U(V) (i.e., by H3O+) was found to be a prerequisite to stabilize U(IV), consistent with the experimental observation that the rate of this reaction is inversely correlated with pH. Thus, despite prevailing notions that U(V) is rapidly eliminated by homogeneous disproportionation, this pathway is irrelevant at environmental conditions.« less

On the physics of electron transfer (drift) in the substance: about the reason of “abnormal” fast transfer of electrons in the plasma of tokamak and at known Bohm’s diffusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boriev, I. A.

2018-03-01

An analysis of the problem of so-called “abnormal” fast transfer of electrons in tokamak plasma, which turned out much faster than the result of accepted calculation, is given. Such transfer of hot electrons leads to unexpectedly fast destruction of the inner tokamak wall with ejection of its matter in plasma volume, what violates a condition of plasma confinement for controlled thermonuclear fusion. It is shown, taking into account real physics of electron drift in the gas (plasma) and using the conservation law for momentum of electron transfer (drift), that the drift velocity of elastically scattered electrons should be significantly greater than that of accepted calculation. The reason is that the relaxation time of the momentum of electron transfer, to which the electron drift velocity is proportional, is significantly greater (from 16 up to 4 times) than the electron free path time. Therefore, generally accepted replacement of the relaxation time, which is unknown a priori, by the electron free path time, leads to significant (16 times for thermal electrons) underestimation of electron drift velocity (mobility). This result means, that transfer of elastically (and isotropically) scattered electrons in the gas phase should be so fast, and corresponds to multiplying coefficient (16), introduced by D. Bohm to explain the observed by him “abnormal” fast diffusion of electrons.

Marcus equation

DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

1998-09-21

In the late 1950s to early 1960s Rudolph A. Marcus developed a theory for treating the rates of outer-sphere electron-transfer reactions. Outer-sphere reactions are reactions in which an electron is transferred from a donor to an acceptor without any chemical bonds being made or broken. (Electron-transfer reactions in which bonds are made or broken are referred to as inner-sphere reactions.) Marcus derived several very useful expressions, one of which has come to be known as the Marcus cross-relation or, more simply, as the Marcus equation. It is widely used for correlating and predicting electron-transfer rates. For his contributions to the understanding of electron-transfer reactions, Marcus received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. This paper discusses the development and use of the Marcus equation. Topics include self-exchange reactions; net electron-transfer reactions; Marcus cross-relation; and proton, hydride, atom and group transfers.

Coupled sensitizer-catalyst dyads: electron-transfer reactions in a perylene-polyoxometalate conjugate.

PubMed

Odobel, Fabrice; Séverac, Marjorie; Pellegrin, Yann; Blart, Errol; Fosse, Céline; Cannizzo, Caroline; Mayer, Cédric R; Elliott, Kristopher J; Harriman, Anthony

2009-01-01

Ultrafast discharge of a single-electron capacitor: A variety of intramolecular electron-transfer reactions are apparent for polyoxometalates functionalized with covalently attached perylene monoimide chromophores, but these are restricted to single-electron events. (et=electron transfer, cr=charge recombination, csr=charge-shift reaction, PER=perylene, POM=polyoxometalate).A new strategy is introduced that permits covalent attachment of an organic chromophore to a polyoxometalate (POM) cluster. Two examples are reported that differ according to the nature of the anchoring group and the flexibility of the linker. Both POMs are functionalized with perylene monoimide units, which function as photon collectors and form a relatively long-lived charge-transfer state under illumination. They are reduced to a stable pi-radical anion by electrolysis or to a protonated dianion under photolysis in the presence of aqueous triethanolamine. The presence of the POM opens up an intramolecular electron-transfer route by which the charge-transfer state reduces the POM. The rate of this process depends on the molecular conformation and appears to involve through-space interactions. Prior reduction of the POM leads to efficient fluorescence quenching, again due to intramolecular electron transfer. In most cases, it is difficult to resolve the electron-transfer products because of relatively fast reverse charge shift that occurs within a closed conformer. Although the POM can store multiple electrons, it has not proved possible to use these systems as molecular-scale capacitors because of efficient electron transfer from the one-electron-reduced POM to the excited singlet state of the perylene monoimide.

Directing the path of light-induced electron transfer at a molecular fork using vibrational excitation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delor, Milan; Archer, Stuart A.; Keane, Theo; Meijer, Anthony J. H. M.; Sazanovich, Igor V.; Greetham, Gregory M.; Towrie, Michael; Weinstein, Julia A.

2017-11-01

Ultrafast electron transfer in condensed-phase molecular systems is often strongly coupled to intramolecular vibrations that can promote, suppress and direct electronic processes. Recent experiments exploring this phenomenon proved that light-induced electron transfer can be strongly modulated by vibrational excitation, suggesting a new avenue for active control over molecular function. Here, we achieve the first example of such explicit vibrational control through judicious design of a Pt(II)-acetylide charge-transfer donor-bridge-acceptor-bridge-donor 'fork' system: asymmetric 13C isotopic labelling of one of the two -C≡C- bridges makes the two parallel and otherwise identical donor→acceptor electron-transfer pathways structurally distinct, enabling independent vibrational perturbation of either. Applying an ultrafast UVpump(excitation)-IRpump(perturbation)-IRprobe(monitoring) pulse sequence, we show that the pathway that is vibrationally perturbed during UV-induced electron transfer is dramatically slowed down compared to its unperturbed counterpart. One can thus choose the dominant electron transfer pathway. The findings deliver a new opportunity for precise perturbative control of electronic energy propagation in molecular devices.

Tethered orbital refueling study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fester, Dale A.; Rudolph, L. Kevin; Kiefel, Erlinda R.; Abbott, Peter W.; Grossrode, Pat

1986-01-01

One of the major applications of the space station will be to act as a refueling depot for cryogenic-fueled space-based orbital transfer vehicles (OTV), Earth-storable fueled orbit maneuvering vehicles, and refurbishable satellite spacecraft using hydrazine. One alternative for fuel storage at the space station is a tethered orbital refueling facility (TORF), separated from the space station by a sufficient distance to induce a gravity gradient force that settles the stored fuels. The technical feasibility was examined with the primary focus on the refueling of LO2/LH2 orbital transfer vehicles. Also examined was the tethered facility on the space station. It was compared to a zero-gravity facility. A tethered refueling facility should be considered as a viable alternative to a zero-gravity facility if the zero-gravity fluid transfer technology, such as the propellant management device and no vent fill, proves to be difficult to develop with the required performance.

A facile preparation of TiO2/ACF with Csbnd Ti bond and abundant hydroxyls and its enhanced photocatalytic activity for formaldehyde removal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, R. F.; Li, W. B.; Peng, A. Y.

2018-01-01

The quantum yields and efficiency(ACF) was prepared via a modified deposition-precipitation method to facilitate its photon absorption and of photogenerated charge carriers have been the major issues for photocatalysis on titania catalyst. The TiO2/ACF catalyst with anatase TiO2 uniformly dispersed on activated carbon fibers electron transfer, thus improve the quantum yields and efficiency of the photogenerated electrons and holes. XPS analysis on the catalyst demonstrates the existence of Ti3+ and Ti2+ species, Csbnd Ti bond and abundant hydroxyls, which are also proved by UV-vis DRS and TG-DSC analysis. It is believed that the acid environment in preparation plays an essential role in the formation of Csbnd Ti bond and surface hydroxyls, which can be tuned by changing hydrothermal synthesis time. The Csbnd Ti bond can improve the electron transfer in the catalyst and the substantial surface hydroxyls lead to high absorption for UV lines and enhanced adsorption of water and formaldehyde, resulting in more active OH free radicals and the outstanding photocatalytic activity of TiO2/ACF, which is much higher than the titania powder for photocatalytic removal of low concentration formaldehyde. The essential role of surface hydroxyls for photocatalytic activity was confirmed surpassing that of chemical bond between carbon and titanium in TiO2-carbon composite for the first time.

Fabrication of enzyme-based coatings on intact multi-walled carbon nanotubes as highly effective electrodes in biofuel cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Byoung Chan; Lee, Inseon; Kwon, Seok-Joon; Wee, Youngho; Kwon, Ki Young; Jeon, Chulmin; An, Hyo Jin; Jung, Hee-Tae; Ha, Su; Dordick, Jonathan S.; Kim, Jungbae

2017-01-01

CNTs need to be dispersed in aqueous solution for their successful use, and most methods to disperse CNTs rely on tedious and time-consuming acid-based oxidation. Here, we report the simple dispersion of intact multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by adding them directly into an aqueous solution of glucose oxidase (GOx), resulting in simultaneous CNT dispersion and facile enzyme immobilization through sequential enzyme adsorption, precipitation, and crosslinking (EAPC). The EAPC achieved high enzyme loading and stability because of crosslinked enzyme coatings on intact CNTs, while obviating the chemical pretreatment that can seriously damage the electron conductivity of CNTs. EAPC-driven GOx activity was 4.5- and 11-times higher than those of covalently-attached GOx (CA) on acid-treated CNTs and simply-adsorbed GOx (ADS) on intact CNTs, respectively. EAPC showed no decrease of GOx activity for 270 days. EAPC was employed to prepare the enzyme anodes for biofuel cells, and the EAPC anode produced 7.5-times higher power output than the CA anode. Even with a higher amount of bound non-conductive enzymes, the EAPC anode showed 1.7-fold higher electron transfer rate than the CA anode. The EAPC on intact CNTs can improve enzyme loading and stability with key routes of improved electron transfer in various biosensing and bioelectronics devices.

Role of Reversible Histidine Coordination in Hydroxylamine Reduction by Plant Hemoglobins (Phytoglobins).

PubMed

Athwal, Navjot Singh; Alagurajan, Jagannathan; Andreotti, Amy H; Hargrove, Mark S

2016-10-18

Reduction of hydroxylamine to ammonium by phytoglobin, a plant hexacoordinate hemoglobin, is much faster than that of other hexacoordinate hemoglobins or pentacoordinate hemoglobins such as myoglobin, leghemoglobin, and red blood cell hemoglobin. The reason for differences in reactivity is not known but could be intermolecular electron transfer between protein molecules in support of the required two-electron reduction, hydroxylamine binding, or active site architecture favoring the reaction. Experiments were conducted with phytoglobins from rice, tomato, and soybean along with human neuroglobin and soybean leghemoglobin that reveal hydroxylamine binding as the rate-limiting step. For hexacoordinate hemoglobins, binding is limited by the dissociation rate constant for the distal histidine, while leghemoglobin is limited by an intrinsically low affinity for hydroxylamine. When the distal histidine is removed from rice phytoglobin, a hydroxylamine-bound intermediate is formed and the reaction rate is diminished, indicating that the distal histidine imidazole side chain is critical for the reaction, albeit not for electron transfer but rather for direct interaction with the substrate. Together, these results demonstrate that phytoglobins are superior at hydroxylamine reduction because they have distal histidine coordination affinity constants near 1, and facile rate constants for binding and dissociation of the histidine side chain. Hexacoordinate hemoglobins such as neuroglobin are limited by tighter histidine coordination that blocks hydroxylamine binding, and pentacoordinate hemoglobins have intrinsically lower hydroxylamine affinities.

Polyaniline decorated Bi2MoO6 nanosheets with effective interfacial charge transfer as photocatalysts and optical limiters.

PubMed

Zhao, Wei; Li, Cheng; Wang, Aijian; Lv, Cuncai; Zhu, Weihua; Dou, Shengping; Wang, Qian; Zhong, Qin

2017-11-01

Polyaniline (PANI)-decorated Bi 2 MoO 6 nanosheets (BMO/PANI) were prepared by a facile solvothermal method. Different characterization techniques, including X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, photocurrent spectroscopy, and nanosecond time-resolved emission studies, have been employed to investigate the structure, optical and electrical properties of the BMO/PANI composites. The wide absorption of the samples in the visible light region makes them suitable for nonlinear transmission and photocatalytic activity studies. The associated photocatalytic activity and optical nonlinearities for the BMO/PANI composites are shown to be dependent on the PANI loadings. The rational mechanisms responsible for deteriorating pollutants and improving optical nonlinearities were also proposed, which could be mainly attributed to the efficient interfacial charge transfer and the interfacial electronic interactions between PANI and Bi 2 MoO 6 . The photoluminescence spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and photocurrent spectroscopy studies confirmed that the interface charge separation efficiency was greatly improved by coupling Bi 2 MoO 6 with PANI. The tuning of photocatalysis and nonlinear optical behaviors with variation in the content of PANI provides an easy way to attain tunable properties, which are exceedingly required in optoelectronics applications.

Tuning the Activity of Carbon for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution via an Iridium-Cobalt Alloy Core Encapsulated in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Cages.

PubMed

Jiang, Peng; Chen, Jitang; Wang, Changlai; Yang, Kang; Gong, Shipeng; Liu, Shuai; Lin, Zhiyu; Li, Mengsi; Xia, Guoliang; Yang, Yang; Su, Jianwei; Chen, Qianwang

2018-03-01

Graphene, a 2D material consisting of a single layer of sp 2 -hybridized carbon, exhibits inert activity as an electrocatalyst, while the incorporation of heteroatoms (such as N) into the framework can tune its electronic properties. Because of the different electronegativity between N and C atoms, electrons will transfer from C to N in N-doped graphene nanosheets, changing inert C atoms adjacent to the N-dopants into active sites. Notwithstanding the achieved progress, its intrinsic activity in acidic media is still far from Pt/C. Here, a facile annealing strategy is adopted for Ir-doped metal-organic frameworks to synthesize IrCo nanoalloys encapsulated in N-doped graphene layers. The highly active electrocatalyst, with remarkably reduced Ir loading (1.56 wt%), achieves an ultralow Tafel slope of 23 mV dec -1 and an overpotential of only 24 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm -2 in 0.5 m sulfuric acid solution. Such superior performance is even superior to the noble-metal catalyst Pt. Surface structural and computational studies reveal that the superior behavior originates from the decreased ΔG H* for HER induced by the electrons transferred from the alloy core to the graphene layers, which is beneficial for enhancing CH binding. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Laser irradiance scaling in polar direct drive implosions on the National Ignition Facility

DOE PAGES

Murphy, T. J.; Krasheninnikova, N. S.; Kyrala, G. A.; ...

2015-09-17

Polar-direct-drive experiments conducted at the National Ignition Facility [E. I. Moses, Fusion Sci. Technol. 54, 361 (2008)] performed at laser irradiance between 1 and 2×10 15 W/cm 2 exhibit increased hard x-ray emission, decreased neutron yield, and reduced areal density as the irradiance is increased. Experimental x-ray images at the higher irradiances show x-ray emission at the equator, as well as degraded symmetry, that is not predicted in hydrodynamic simulations using flux-limited energy transport, but that appear when non-local electron transport together with a model to account for cross beam energy transfer (CBET) is utilized. The reduction in laser powermore » for equatorial beams required in the simulations to reproduce the effects of CBET on the observed symmetry also reproduces the yield degradation consistent with experimental data.« less

Thermal transfer structures coupling electronics card(s) to coolant-cooled structure(s)

DOEpatents

David, Milnes P; Graybill, David P; Iyengar, Madhusudan K; Kamath, Vinod; Kochuparambil, Bejoy J; Parida, Pritish R; Schmidt, Roger R

2014-12-16

Cooling apparatuses and coolant-cooled electronic systems are provided which include thermal transfer structures configured to engage with a spring force one or more electronics cards with docking of the electronics card(s) within a respective socket(s) of the electronic system. A thermal transfer structure of the cooling apparatus includes a thermal spreader having a first thermal conduction surface, and a thermally conductive spring assembly coupled to the conduction surface of the thermal spreader and positioned and configured to reside between and physically couple a first surface of an electronics card to the first surface of the thermal spreader with docking of the electronics card within a socket of the electronic system. The thermal transfer structure is, in one embodiment, metallurgically bonded to a coolant-cooled structure and facilitates transfer of heat from the electronics card to coolant flowing through the coolant-cooled structure.

Decisions to Transfer Nursing Home Residents to Emergency Departments: A Scoping Review of Contributing Factors and Staff Perspectives.

PubMed

Trahan, Lisa M; Spiers, Jude A; Cummings, Greta G

2016-11-01

Nursing home (NH) residents are a frail and vulnerable population often faced with iatrogenic effects of hospital stays when transferred to emergency departments for acute changes in health status. Avoidable or unnecessary transfers of care need to be identified and defined to prevent unintended harm. The aim of this scoping review was to identify characteristics of avoidable or unnecessary transitions of NH residents to emergency departments, and examine factors influencing decision-making by NH staff, residents, and their family members to transfer nursing home residents to emergency departments. The search strategy began with 5 electronic databases, and a hand search of gray literature. Published qualitative and quantitative studies were included that examined the definition of avoidable or unnecessary transfers, and/or reported factors associated with decision-making to transfer NH residents to emergency departments. Methods included quality assessments, data extraction, and synthesis using content analysis. A total of 783 titles and abstracts were retrieved and screened resulting in 19 included studies. Results describing "avoidable" or "unnecessary" transfers were grouped into 3 dimensions of factors: management of early-acute or low-acuity symptoms and chronic disease management in NHs, ambulatory care-sensitive indicators, and use of post hoc assessments. Five categories of factors contributing to decision-making to transfer were identified: nursing factors, physician factors, facility/resource factors, NH resident/family factors, and health system factors. A consensus on the definition of "avoidable" or "unnecessary" transfers was not found. Findings suggest that transfers of NH residents to emergency departments may be avoided with increased care capacity within NHs. The decision-making process involved in the transfer is influenced by many factors, with intentions of both improving clinical outcomes and maintaining quality of life for the NH resident. Acute changes in health status are contextually specific and decisions must consider not only the resident's acute condition, but also resources available in the NH, and resident and family members' preferences for care. A definition of "avoidable" or "unnecessary" transfer must include reliable measurement, yet remain flexible enough to be generalizable to various care facilities to meet the needs of NH residents and manage required care safely within the NH. Robust research aimed at improving the primary care of NH residents is essential to informing health policy reform and education of those providing care in NHs. Copyright © 2016 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Encapsulation of LiFePO4 by in-situ graphitized carbon cage towards enhanced low temperature performance as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yao, Bin; Ding, Zhaojun; Zhang, Jianxin; Feng, Xiaoyu; Yin, Longwei

2014-08-01

The severe capacity decay of LiFePO4 at low temperatures (≤0 °C) limits its wide applications as cathode materials for energy storage batteries. Creating comprehensive carbon network between particles with improved electronic conductivity is a well known solution to this problem. Here, a novel structured LiFePO4/C composite was prepared by a facile solid state route, in which nanosized LiFePO4 spheres were encapsulated by in-situ graphitized carbon cages. With the enhancement in electronic conductivity (2.15e-1 S cm-1), the composite presented excellent rate performance at room temperature and remarkable capacity retention at -40 °C, with charge transfer resistance much lower than commercial LiFePO4.

Exposure monitoring of graphene nanoplatelets manufacturing workplaces.

PubMed

Lee, Ji Hyun; Han, Jong Hun; Kim, Jae Hyun; Kim, Boowook; Bello, Dhimiter; Kim, Jin Kwon; Lee, Gun Ho; Sohn, Eun Kyung; Lee, Kyungmin; Ahn, Kangho; Faustman, Elaine M; Yu, Il Je

2016-01-01

Graphenes have emerged as a highly promising, two-dimensional engineered nanomaterial that can possibly substitute carbon nanotubes. They are being explored in numerous R&D and industrial applications in laboratories across the globe, leading to possible human and environmental exposures to them. Yet, there are no published data on graphene exposures in occupational settings and no readily available methods for their detection and quantitation exist. This study investigates for the first time the potential exposure of workers and research personnel to graphenes in two research facilities and evaluates the status of the control measures. One facility manufactures graphene using graphite exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), while the other facility grows graphene on a copper plate using CVD, which is then transferred to a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheet. Graphene exposures and process emissions were investigated for three tasks - CVD growth, exfoliation, and transfer - using a multi-metric approach, which utilizes several direct reading instruments, integrated sampling, and chemical and morphological analysis. Real-time instruments included a dust monitor, condensation particle counter (CPC), nanoparticle surface area monitor, scanning mobility particle sizer, and an aethalometer. Morphologically, graphenes and other nanostructures released from the work process were investigated using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Graphenes were quantified in airborne respirable samples as elemental carbon via thermo-optical analysis. The mass concentrations of total suspended particulate at Workplaces A and B were very low, and elemental carbon concentrations were mostly below the detection limit, indicating very low exposure to graphene or any other particles. The real-time monitoring, especially the aethalometer, showed a good response to the released black carbon, providing a signature of the graphene released during the opening of the CVD reactor at Workplace A. The TEM observation of the samples obtained from Workplaces A and B showed graphene-like structures and aggregated/agglomerated carbon structures. Taken together, the current findings on common scenarios (exfoliation, CVD growth, and transfer), while not inclusive of all graphene manufacturing processes, indicate very minimal graphene or particle exposure at facilities manufacturing graphenes with good manufacturing practices.

Multicolor tuning of manganese-doped ZnS colloidal nanocrystals.

PubMed

Quan, Zewei; Yang, Dongmei; Li, Chunxia; Kong, Deyan; Yang, Piaoping; Cheng, Ziyong; Lin, Jun

2009-09-01

In this paper, we report a facile route which is based on tuning doping concentration of Mn(2+) ions in ZnS nanocrystals, to achieve deliberate color modulation from blue to orange-yellow under single-wavelength excitation. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as photoluminescence (PL) spectra were employed to characterize the obtained samples. In this process, the relative emission intensities of both ZnS host (blue) and Mn(2+) dopant (orange-yellow) are sensitive to the Mn(2+) doping concentration, due to the energy transfer from ZnS host to Mn(2+) dopant. As a result of fine-tuning of these two emission components, white emission can be realized for Mn(2+)-doped ZnS nanocrystals. Furthermore, the as-synthesized doped nanocrystals possess extremely narrow size distribution and can be readily transferred into aqueous solution for the next potential applications.

High-Sensitivity and Low-Power Flexible Schottky Hydrogen Sensor Based on Silicon Nanomembrane.

PubMed

Cho, Minkyu; Yun, Jeonghoon; Kwon, Donguk; Kim, Kyuyoung; Park, Inkyu

2018-04-18

High-performance and low-power flexible Schottky diode-based hydrogen sensor was developed. The sensor was fabricated by releasing Si nanomembrane (SiNM) and transferring onto a plastic substrate. After the transfer, palladium (Pd) and aluminum (Al) were selectively deposited as a sensing material and an electrode, respectively. The top-down fabrication process of flexible Pd/SiNM diode H 2 sensor is facile compared to other existing bottom-up fabricated flexible gas sensors while showing excellent H 2 sensitivity (Δ I/ I 0 > 700-0.5% H 2 concentrations) and fast response time (τ 10-90 = 22 s) at room temperature. In addition, selectivity, humidity, and mechanical tests verify that the sensor has excellent reliability and robustness under various environments. The operating power consumption of the sensor is only in the nanowatt range, which indicates its potential applications in low-power portable and wearable electronics.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

The High Ranking Facilities Deactivation Project (HRFDP), commissioned by the US Department of Energy Nuclear Materials and Facility Stabilization Program, is to place four primary high-risk surplus facilities with 28 associated ancillary facilities at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in a safe, stable, and environmentally sound condition as rapidly and economically as possible. The facilities will be deactivated and left in a condition suitable for an extended period of minimized surveillance and maintenance (S and M) prior to decontaminating and decommissioning (D and D). These four facilities include two reactor facilities containing spent fuel. One of these reactor facilities also containsmore » 55 tons of sodium with approximately 34 tons containing activated sodium-22, 2.5 tons of lithium hydride, approximately 100 tons of potentially contaminated lead, and several other hazardous materials as well as bulk quantities of contaminated scrap metals. The other two facilities to be transferred include a facility with a bank of hot cells containing high levels of transferable contamination and also a facility containing significant quantities of uranyl nitrate and quantities of transferable contamination. This work plan documents the objectives, technical requirements, and detailed work plans--including preliminary schedules, milestones, and conceptual FY 1996 cost estimates--for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This plan has been developed by the Environmental Restoration (ER) Program of Lockheed Martin Energy Systems (Energy Systems) for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO).« less

Controlling the influence of Auger recombination on the performance of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes

PubMed Central

Bae, Wan Ki; Park, Young-Shin; Lim, Jaehoon; Lee, Donggu; Padilha, Lazaro A.; McDaniel, Hunter; Robel, Istvan; Lee, Changhee; Pietryga, Jeffrey M.; Klimov, Victor I.

2013-01-01

Development of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on colloidal quantum dots is driven by attractive properties of these fluorophores such as spectrally narrow, tunable emission and facile processibility via solution-based methods. A current obstacle towards improved LED performance is an incomplete understanding of the roles of extrinsic factors, such as non-radiative recombination at surface defects, versus intrinsic processes, such as multicarrier Auger recombination or electron-hole separation due to applied electric field. Here we address this problem with studies that correlate the excited state dynamics of structurally engineered quantum dots with their emissive performance within LEDs. We find that because of significant charging of quantum dots with extra electrons, Auger recombination greatly impacts both LED efficiency and the onset of efficiency roll-off at high currents. Further, we demonstrate two specific approaches for mitigating this problem using heterostructured quantum dots, either by suppressing Auger decay through the introduction of an intermediate alloyed layer, or by using an additional shell that impedes electron transfer into the quantum dot to help balance electron and hole injection. PMID:24157692

Design and implementation of an improved chilled water glycol system for NICI array electronics thermal enclosure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gausachs, Gaston

2008-07-01

The Near Infrared Chronographic Imager (NICI) being commissioned at Gemini was upgraded with a more powerful Chilled Water Glycol System to address early overheating problems. The previous system was replaced with a completely new design favoring improved airflow and increased heat transfer capabilities. The research leading to this upgrade showed a significant lack of cooling power of the original design. The solution was a combination of commercial heat exchanger and fans and a custom built enclosure. As a prime infrared telescope facility, Gemini is very much interested in maintaining the least amount of heat dissipated to the ambient air. The results obtained through the implementation of this solution will be helpful in understanding the state of other existing electronics enclosures as well as those for new instruments to come. With the advent of electronic intensive AO systems, future electronics enclosures must take full advantage of improved cooling. This paper describes the design and implementation phases of the project. The results under maximum operating capacity proved to be within the expected theoretical values and were deemed successful.

Cryogenic coherent X-ray diffraction imaging of biological samples at SACLA: a correlative approach with cryo-electron and light microscopy.

PubMed

Takayama, Yuki; Yonekura, Koji

2016-03-01

Coherent X-ray diffraction imaging at cryogenic temperature (cryo-CXDI) allows the analysis of internal structures of unstained, non-crystalline, whole biological samples in micrometre to sub-micrometre dimensions. Targets include cells and cell organelles. This approach involves preparing frozen-hydrated samples under controlled humidity, transferring the samples to a cryo-stage inside a vacuum chamber of a diffractometer, and then exposing the samples to coherent X-rays. Since 2012, cryo-coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) experiments have been carried out with the X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) at the SPring-8 Ångstrom Compact free-electron LAser (SACLA) facility in Japan. Complementary use of cryo-electron microscopy and/or light microscopy is highly beneficial for both pre-checking samples and studying the integrity or nature of the sample. This article reports the authors' experience in cryo-XFEL-CDI of biological cells and organelles at SACLA, and describes an attempt towards reliable and higher-resolution reconstructions, including signal enhancement with strong scatterers and Patterson-search phasing.

A Measurement of GE^n at High Momentum Transfer in Hall A

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feuerbach, Robert J.; Wojtsekhowski, Bogdan

2006-10-01

A precision measurement of the electric form-factor of the neutron, GE^n, at Q^2 up to 3.5 GeV^2 was recently completed in Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility(Jefferson Lab). The ratio GE^n/GM^n was measured through the beam-target asymmetry A of electrons quasi-elastically scattered off neutrons in the reaction ^3He(e,e' n). The experiment took advantage of recent developments of the electron beam and target, as well as two detectors new to Jefferson Lab. The measurement used the accelerator's 100% duty-cycle high-polarization (typically 84%) electron beam and a new, hybrid optically-pumped polarized ^3He target which achieved polarizations above 50%. A medium acceptance (80msr) open-geometry magnetic spectrometer (BigBite) detected the scattered electron, while a new neutron detector was constructed to observe the released neutron. An overview of the experiment and the experimental motivation will be discussed, in particular the large range of predictions from modern calculations for GE^n at this relatively high Q^2. Finally, the analysis progress and preliminary results will be presented.

Impact of mimicking natural dispersion on breeding success of captive North American Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus).

PubMed

Gillman, Sierra J; Ziegler-Meeks, Karen; Eager, Carol; Tenhundfeld, Thomas A; Shaffstall, Wendy; Stearns, Mary Jo; Crosier, Adrienne E

2017-09-01

This paper examines the effects of transfer away from natal facility and littermate presence on cheetah breeding success in the AZA Species Survival Plan (SSP) population. Transfer and breeding history data for captive males and females were gathered from seven and four AZA SSP breeding facilities, respectively, to identify factors influencing breeding success. The results indicate that transfer history (p = 0.032), age at transfer (p = 0.013), and female littermate presence/absence (p = 0.04) was associated with breeding success, with females transferred away from their natal facility before sexual maturity and without littermates present accounting for the highest breeding success. Keeping males at their natal facility and/or removing them from their coalitions did not negatively affect their breeding success. Males appeared to demonstrate the same fecundity regardless of transfer history or coalition status, indicating that dispersal away from natal environment was not as critical for the breeding success of males compared with female cheetahs. These results highlight the significance of moving females away from their natal environment, as would occur in the wild, and separating them from their female littermates for optimization of breeding success in the ex situ population. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Pedestrian and bicycle facilities in California : a technical reference and technology transfer synthesis for Caltrans planners and engineers.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-07-01

The primary purpose of Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities in CaliforniaA : Technical Reference and Technology Transfer Synthesis for Caltrans Planners : and Engineers (Technical Reference) is to provide Caltrans staff : with a synthesis of in...

A flight test facility design for examining digital information transfer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knox, Charles E.

1990-01-01

Information is given in viewgraph form on a flight test facility design for examining digital information transfer. Information is given on aircraft/ground exchange, data link research activities, data link display format, a data link flight test, and the flight test setup.

European X-Ray Free Electron Laser (EXFEL): local implications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Romaniuk, Ryszard S.

2013-10-01

European X-Ray FEL - free electron laser is under construction in DESY Hamburg. It is scheduled to be operational at 2015/16 at a cost more than 1 billion Euro. The laser uses SASE method to generate x-ray light. It is propelled by an electron linac of 17,5GeV energy and more than 2km in length. The linac uses superconducting SRF TESLA technology working at 1,3 GHz in frequency. The prototype of EXFEL is FLASH Laser (200 m in length), where the "proof of principle" was checked, and from the technologies were transferred to the bigger machine. The project was stared in the nineties by building a TTF Laboratory -Tesla Test Facility. The EXFEL laser is a child of a much bigger teraelectronovolt collider project TESLA (now abandoned in Germany but undertaken by international community in a form the ILC). A number of experts and young researchers from Poland participate in the design, construction and research of the FLASH and EXFEL lasers.

Improving Charging-Breeding Simulations with Space-Charge Effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bilek, Ryan; Kwiatkowski, Ania; Steinbrügge, René

2016-09-01

Rare-isotope-beam facilities use Highly Charged Ions (HCI) for accelerators accelerating heavy ions and to improve measurement precision and resolving power of certain experiments. An Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) is able to create HCI through successive electron impact, charge breeding trapped ions into higher charge states. CBSIM was created to calculate successive charge breeding with an EBIT. It was augmented by transferring it into an object-oriented programming language, including additional elements, improving ion-ion collision factors, and exploring the overlap of the electron beam with the ions. The calculation is enhanced with the effects of residual background gas by computing the space charge due to charge breeding. The program assimilates background species, ionizes and charge breeds them alongside the element being studied, and allows them to interact with the desired species through charge exchange, giving fairer overview of realistic charge breeding. Calculations of charge breeding will be shown for realistic experimental conditions. We reexamined the implementation of ionization energies, cross sections, and ion-ion interactions when charge breeding.

Ultrafast forward and backward electron transfer dynamics of coumarin 337 in hydrogen-bonded anilines as studied with femtosecond UV-pump/IR-probe spectroscopy.

PubMed

Ghosh, Hirendra N; Verma, Sandeep; Nibbering, Erik T J

2011-02-10

Femtosecond infrared spectroscopy is used to study both forward and backward electron transfer (ET) dynamics between coumarin 337 (C337) and the aromatic amine solvents aniline (AN), N-methylaniline (MAN), and N,N-dimethylaniline (DMAN), where all the aniline solvents can donate an electron but only AN and MAN can form hydrogen bonds with C337. The formation of a hydrogen bond with AN and MAN is confirmed with steady state FT-IR spectroscopy, where the C═O stretching vibration is a direct marker mode for hydrogen bond formation. Transient IR absorption measurements in all solvents show an absorption band at 2166 cm(-1), which has been attributed to the C≡N stretching vibration of the C337 radical anion formed after ET. Forward electron transfer dynamics is found to be biexponential with time constants τ(ET)(1) = 500 fs, τ(ET)(2) = 7 ps in all solvents. Despite the presence of hydrogen bonds of C337 with the solvents AN and MAN, no effect has been found on the forward electron transfer step. Because of the absence of an H/D isotope effect on the forward electron transfer reaction of C337 in AN, hydrogen bonds are understood to play a minor role in mediating electron transfer. In contrast, direct π-orbital overlap between C337 and the aromatic amine solvents causes ultrafast forward electron transfer dynamics. Backward electron transfer dynamics, in contrast, is dependent on the solvent used. Standard Marcus theory explains the observed backward electron transfer rates.

Photo-induced electron transfer method

DOEpatents

Wohlgemuth, R.; Calvin, M.

1984-01-24

The efficiency of photo-induced electron transfer reactions is increased and the back transfer of electrons in such reactions is greatly reduced when a photo-sensitizer zinc porphyrin-surfactant and an electron donor manganese porphyrin-surfactant are admixed into phospholipid membranes. The phospholipids comprising said membranes are selected from phospholipids whose head portions are negatively charged. Said membranes are contacted with an aqueous medium in which an essentially neutral viologen electron acceptor is admixed. Catalysts capable of transferring electrons from reduced viologen electron acceptor to hydrogen to produce elemental hydrogen are also included in the aqueous medium. An oxidizable olefin is also admixed in the phospholipid for the purpose of combining with oxygen that coordinates with oxidized electron donor manganese porphyrin-surfactant.

Microbes, Minerals and Electrodes at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF): Electrochemistry 4100 ft below the surface.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rowe, A. R.; Abuyen, K.; Casar, C. P.; Osburn, M. R.; Kruger, B.; El-Naggar, M.; Amend, J.

2017-12-01

Little is known about the importance of mineral oxidation processes in subsurface environments. This stems, in part from our limited insight into the biochemistry of many of these metabolisms, especially where redox interactions with solid surfaces is concerned. To this aim, we have been developing electrochemical cultivation techniques, to target enrichment and isolation of microbes capable of oxidative extracellular electron transfer (oxEET)—transfer of electrons from the exterior of the cell to the interior. Our previous worked focused on marine sediments; using an electrode poised at a given redox potential to isolate mineral-oxidizing microbes. Electrode oxidizing microbes isolated from these enrichments belong to the genera Thioclava, Marinobacter, Halomonas, Idiomarina, Thalassospira, and Pseudamonas; organisms commonly detected in marine and deep sea sediments but not generally associated with mineral, sulfur and/or iron oxidation. At the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Leed, South Dakota, we have been utilizing similar electrocultivation techniques to understand: 1) the potential for mineral oxidation by subsurface microbes, 2) their selective colonization on mineral vs. electrode surfaces, as well as 3) the community composition of microbes capable of these metabolic interactions. An electrochemical and mineral enrichment scheme was designed and installed into a sulfidic groundwater flow, located at the 4100 ft level of the former gold mine. The communities enriched on electrodes (graphite and indium tin oxide coated glass) and minerals (sulfur, pyrite, and schists from the location) were compared to the long-term ground water microbial community observed. Ultimately, these observations will help inform the potential activity of a lithotrophic microbes in situ and will in turn guide our culturing efforts.

Allosteric control of internal electron transfer in cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase

PubMed Central

Farver, Ole; Kroneck, Peter M. H.; Zumft, Walter G.; Pecht, Israel

2003-01-01

Cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase is a bifunctional multiheme enzyme catalyzing the one-electron reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide and the four-electron reduction of dioxygen to water. Kinetics and thermodynamics of the internal electron transfer process in the Pseudomonas stutzeri enzyme have been studied and found to be dominated by pronounced interactions between the c and the d1 hemes. The interactions are expressed both in dramatic changes in the internal electron-transfer rates between these sites and in marked cooperativity in their electron affinity. The results constitute a prime example of intraprotein control of the electron-transfer rates by allosteric interactions. PMID:12802018

The Effect of Excess Electron and hole on CO2 Adsorption and Activation on Rutile (110) surface

PubMed Central

Yin, Wen-Jin; Wen, Bo; Bandaru, Sateesh; Krack, Matthias; Lau, MW; Liu, Li-Min

2016-01-01

CO2 capture and conversion into useful chemical fuel attracts great attention from many different fields. In the reduction process, excess electron is of key importance as it participates in the reaction, thus it is essential to know whether the excess electrons or holes affect the CO2 conversion. Here, the first-principles calculations were carried out to explore the role of excess electron on adsorption and activation of CO2 on rutile (110) surface. The calculated results demonstrate that CO2 can be activated as CO2 anions or CO2 cation when the system contains excess electrons and holes. The electronic structure of the activated CO2 is greatly changed, and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of CO2 can be even lower than the conduction band minimum of TiO2, which greatly facilities the CO2 reduction. Meanwhile, the dissociation process of CO2 undergoes an activated CO2− anion in bend configuration rather than the linear, while the long crossing distance of proton transfer greatly hinders the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 on the rutile (110) surface. These results show the importance of the excess electrons on the CO2 reduction process. PMID:26984417

Dynamics driving function: new insights from electron transferring flavoproteins and partner complexes.

PubMed

Toogood, Helen S; Leys, David; Scrutton, Nigel S

2007-11-01

Electron transferring flavoproteins (ETFs) are soluble heterodimeric FAD-containing proteins that function primarily as soluble electron carriers between various flavoprotein dehydrogenases. ETF is positioned at a key metabolic branch point, responsible for transferring electrons from up to 10 primary dehydrogenases to the membrane-bound respiratory chain. Clinical mutations of ETF result in the often fatal disease glutaric aciduria type II. Structural and biophysical studies of ETF in complex with partner proteins have shown that ETF partitions the functions of partner binding and electron transfer between (a) a 'recognition loop', which acts as a static anchor at the ETF-partner interface, and (b) a highly mobile redox-active FAD domain. Together, this enables the FAD domain of ETF to sample a range of conformations, some compatible with fast interprotein electron transfer. This 'conformational sampling' enables ETF to recognize structurally distinct partners, whilst also maintaining a degree of specificity. Complex formation triggers mobility of the FAD domain, an 'induced disorder' mechanism contrasting with the more generally accepted models of protein-protein interaction by induced fit mechanisms. We discuss the implications of the highly dynamic nature of ETFs in biological interprotein electron transfer. ETF complexes point to mechanisms of electron transfer in which 'dynamics drive function', a feature that is probably widespread in biology given the modular assembly and flexible nature of biological electron transfer systems.

3D interconnected hierarchical porous N-doped carbon constructed by flake-like nanostructure with Fe/Fe3C for efficient oxygen reduction reaction and supercapacitor.

PubMed

Li, Guoning; Zhang, Jiajun; Li, Weisong; Fan, Kai; Xu, Chunjian

2018-05-17

Hierarchical porous N-doped carbon with Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles, high content of N dopants (10.51 wt%), and a 3D interconnected porous architecture constructed by flake-like nanostructure was facilely prepared by carbonization of a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) as a self-sacrificing template and potassium ferricyanide (PF) as a multifunctional iron precursor. The unique porous structure can offer a continuous pathway for electron transfer and shorten the mass transfer pathway, which contribute to both an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and a supercapacitor. The influence of the carbonization temperature and iron content on the performance of ORR and supercapacitor was investigated. The as-prepared composites carbonized at 800 °C (Fe-CZIF-800-10) displayed comparable ORR activity with Pt/C in alkaline media as well as excellent long-term stability, superb methanol tolerance, and appreciable onset potential in acid media. Moreover, Fe-CZIF-800-10 exhibited excellent capacity of 246 F g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g-1 and stability in 6 M KOH. This report provides a facile approach to prepare hierarchical porous Fe/N-doped carbon as a promising electrode material for both fuel cell and supercapacitor applications.

Parallel Large-scale Semidefinite Programming for Strong Electron Correlation: Using Correlation and Entanglement in the Design of Efficient Energy-Transfer Mechanisms

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-24

which nature uses strong electron correlation for efficient energy transfer, particularly in photosynthesis and bioluminescence, (ii) providing an...strong electron correlation for efficient energy transfer, particularly in photosynthesis and bioluminescence, (ii) providing an innovative paradigm...efficient energy transfer, particularly in photosynthesis and bioluminescence, (ii) providing an innovative paradigm for energy transfer in photovoltaic

Food irradiation: Technology transfer in Asia, practical experiences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kunstadt, Peter; Eng, P.

1993-10-01

Nordion International Inc., in cooperation with the Thai Office of Atomic Energy for Peace (OAEP) and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) recently completed a unique food irradiation technology transfer project in Thailand. This complete food irradiation technology transfer project included the design and construction of an automatic multipurpose irradiation facility as well as the services of construction and installation management and experts in facility operation, maintenance and training. This paper provides an insight into the many events that led to the succesful conclusion of the world's first complete food irradiation technology transfer project.

Electron Tunneling in Lithium Ammonia Solutions Probed by Frequency-Dependent Electron-Spin Relaxation Studies

PubMed Central

Maeda, Kiminori; Lodge, Matthew T.J.; Harmer, Jeffrey; Freed, Jack H.; Edwards, Peter P.

2012-01-01

Electron transfer or quantum tunneling dynamics for excess or solvated electrons in dilute lithium-ammonia solutions have been studied by pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at both X- (9.7 GHz) and W-band (94 GHz) frequencies. The electron spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) relaxation data indicate an extremely fast transfer or quantum tunneling rate of the solvated electron in these solutions which serves to modulate the hyperfine (Fermi-contact) interaction with nitrogen nuclei in the solvation shells of ammonia molecules surrounding the localized, solvated electron. The donor and acceptor states of the solvated electron in these solutions are the initial and final electron solvation sites found before, and after, the transfer or tunneling process. To interpret and model our electron spin relaxation data from the two observation EPR frequencies requires a consideration of a multi-exponential correlation function. The electron transfer or tunneling process that we monitor through the correlation time of the nitrogen Fermi-contact interaction has a time scale of (1–10)×10−12 s over a temperature range 230–290K in our most dilute solution of lithium in ammonia. Two types of electron-solvent interaction mechanisms are proposed to account for our experimental findings. The dominant electron spin relaxation mechanism results from an electron tunneling process characterized by a variable donor-acceptor distance or range (consistent with such a rapidly fluctuating liquid structure) in which the solvent shell that ultimately accepts the transferring electron is formed from random, thermal fluctuations of the liquid structure in, and around, a natural hole or Bjerrum-like defect vacancy in the liquid. Following transfer and capture of the tunneling electron, further solvent-cage relaxation with a timescale of ca. 10−13 s results in a minor contribution to the electron spin relaxation times. This investigation illustrates the great potential of multi-frequency EPR measurements to interrogate the microscopic nature and dynamics of ultra fast electron transfer or quantum-tunneling processes in liquids. Our results also impact on the universal issue of the role of a host solvent (or host matrix, e.g. a semiconductor) in mediating long-range electron transfer processes and we discuss the implications of our results with a range of other materials and systems exhibiting the phenomenon of electron transfer. PMID:22568866

Development, validation and testing of a nursing home to emergency room transfer checklist.

PubMed

Tsai, Hsiu-Hsin; Tsai, Yun-Fang

2018-01-01

To develop and test the feasibility of an instrument to support patients' nursing home to emergency room transfer. Transfers from a nursing home care facility to an acute care facility such as a hospital emergency room are common. However, the prevalence of an information gap for transferring residents' health data to acute care facility is high. An evidence-based transfer instrument, which could fill this gap, is lacking. Development of a nursing home to emergency room transfer checklist, validation of items using the Delphi method and testing the feasibility and benefits of using the nursing home to emergency room transfer checklist. Items were developed based on qualitative data from previous research. Delphi validation, retrospective chart review (baseline data) and a 6-month prospective study design were applied to test the feasibility of using the checklist. Variables for testing the feasibility of the checklist included residents' 30-day readmission rate and length of hospital stay. Development of the nursing home to emergency room transfer checklist resulted in four main parts: (i) demographic data of the nursing home resident; (ii) critical data for nursing home to emergency room transfer; (iii) contact information and (iv) critical data for emergency room to nursing home transfer. Two rounds of Delphi validation resulted in a mean score (standard deviation) ranging from 4.39 (1.13)-4.98 (.15). Time required to complete the checklist was 3-5 min. Use of the nursing home to emergency room transfer checklist resulted in a 30-day readmission rate of 13.4%, which was lower than the baseline rate of 15.9%. The nursing home to emergency room transfer checklist was developed for transferring nursing home residents to an emergency room. The instrument was found to be an effective tool for this process. Use of the nursing home to emergency room transfer checklist for nursing home transfers could fill the information gap that exists when transferring older adults between facilities such as nursing homes and hospitals. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Opto-electronic conversion logic behaviour through dynamic modulation of electron/energy transfer states at the TiO2-carbon quantum dot interface.

PubMed

Wang, Fang; Zhang, Yonglai; Liu, Yang; Wang, Xuefeng; Shen, Mingrong; Lee, Shuit-Tong; Kang, Zhenhui

2013-03-07

Here we show a bias-mediated electron/energy transfer process at the CQDs-TiO(2) interface for the dynamic modulation of opto-electronic properties. Different energy and electron transfer states have been observed in the CQDs-TNTs system due to the up-conversion photoluminescence and the electron donation/acceptance properties of the CQDs decorated on TNTs.

Verification of the electron/proton coupled mechanism for phenolic H-atom transfer using a triplet π,π ∗ carbonyl

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamaji, Minoru; Oshima, Juro; Hidaka, Motohiko

2009-06-01

Evidence for the coupled electron/proton transfer mechanism of the phenolic H-atom transfer between triplet π,π ∗ 3,3'-carbonylbis(7-diethylaminocoumarin) and phenol derivatives is obtained by using laser photolysis techniques. It was confirmed that the quenching rate constants of triplet CBC by phenols having positive Hammett constants do not follow the Rehm-Weller equation for electron transfer while those by phenols with negative Hammett constants do it. From the viewpoint of thermodynamic parameters for electron transfer, the crucial factors for phenolic H-atom transfer to π,π ∗ triplet are discussed.

Cancellation of coherent synchrotron radiation kicks with optics balance.

PubMed

Di Mitri, S; Cornacchia, M; Spampinati, S

2013-01-04

Minimizing transverse emittance is essential in linear accelerators designed to deliver very high brightness electron beams. Emission of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR), as a contributing factor to emittance degradation, is an important phenomenon to this respect. A manner in which to cancel this perturbation by imposing certain symmetric conditions on the electron transport system has been suggested.We first expand on this idea by quantitatively relating the beam Courant-Snyder parameters to the emittance growth and by providing a general scheme of CSR suppression with asymmetric optics, provided it is properly balanced along the line. We present the first experimental evidence of this cancellation with the resultant optics balance of multiple CSR kicks: the transverse emittance of a 500 pC, sub-picosecond, high brightness electron beam is being preserved after the passage through the achromatic transfer line of the FERMI@Elettra free electron laser, and emittance growth is observed when the optics balance is intentionally broken. We finally show the agreement between the theoretical model and the experimental results. This study holds the promise of compact dispersive lines with relatively large bending angles, thus reducing costs for future electron facilities.

Bridge-mediated hopping or superexchange electron-transfer processes in bis(triarylamine) systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lambert, Christoph; Nöll, Gilbert; Schelter, Jürgen

2002-09-01

Hopping and superexchange are generally considered to be alternative electron-transfer mechanisms in molecular systems. In this work we used mixed-valence radical cations as model systems for the investigation of electron-transfer pathways. We show that substituents attached to a conjugated bridge connecting two triarylamine redox centres have a marked influence on the near-infrared absorption spectra of the corresponding cations. Spectral analysis, followed by evaluation of the electron-transfer parameters using the Generalized Mulliken-Hush theory and simulation of the potential energy surfaces, indicate that hopping and superexchange are not alternatives, but are both present in the radical cation with a dimethoxybenzene bridge. We found that the type of electron-transfer mechanism depends on the bridge-reorganization energy as well as on the bridge-state energy. Because superexchange and hopping follow different distance laws, our findings have implications for the design of new molecular and polymeric electron-transfer materials.

Direct Electron Transfer of Dehydrogenases for Development of 3rd Generation Biosensors and Enzymatic Fuel Cells.

PubMed

Bollella, Paolo; Gorton, Lo; Antiochia, Riccarda

2018-04-24

Dehydrogenase based bioelectrocatalysis has been increasingly exploited in recent years in order to develop new bioelectrochemical devices, such as biosensors and biofuel cells, with improved performances. In some cases, dehydrogeases are able to directly exchange electrons with an appropriately designed electrode surface, without the need for an added redox mediator, allowing bioelectrocatalysis based on a direct electron transfer process. In this review we briefly describe the electron transfer mechanism of dehydrogenase enzymes and some of the characteristics required for bioelectrocatalysis reactions via a direct electron transfer mechanism. Special attention is given to cellobiose dehydrogenase and fructose dehydrogenase, which showed efficient direct electron transfer reactions. An overview of the most recent biosensors and biofuel cells based on the two dehydrogenases will be presented. The various strategies to prepare modified electrodes in order to improve the electron transfer properties of the device will be carefully investigated and all analytical parameters will be presented, discussed and compared.

12 CFR 555.300 - Must I inform OTS before I use electronic means or facilities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Must I inform OTS before I use electronic means... I inform OTS before I use electronic means or facilities? (a) General. A savings association (“you”) are not required to inform OTS before you use electronic means or facilities, except as provided in...

Dual-Enzyme Characteristics of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Capped Iridium Nanoparticles and Their Cellular Protective Effect against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Damage.

PubMed

Su, Hua; Liu, Dan-Dan; Zhao, Meng; Hu, Wei-Liang; Xue, Shan-Shan; Cao, Qian; Le, Xue-Yi; Ji, Liang-Nian; Mao, Zong-Wan

2015-04-22

Polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized iridium nanoparticles (PVP-IrNPs), synthesized by the facile alcoholic reduction method using abundantly available PVP as protecting agents, were first reported as enzyme mimics showing intrinsic catalase- and peroxidase-like activities. The preparation procedure was much easier and more importantly, kinetic studies found that the catalytic activity of PVP-IrNPs was comparable to previously reported platinum nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization indicated that PVP-IrNPs had the average size of approximately 1.5 nm and mainly consisted of Ir(0) chemical state. The mechanism of PVP-IrNPs' dual-enzyme activities was investigated using XPS, Electron spin resonance (ESR) and cytochrome C-based electron transfer methods. The catalase-like activity was related to the formation of oxidized species Ir(0)@IrO2 upon reaction with H2O2. The peroxidase-like activity originated from their ability acting as electron transfer mediators during the catalysis cycle, without the production of hydroxyl radicals. Interestingly, the protective effect of PVP-IrNPs against H2O2-induced cellular oxidative damage was investigated in an A549 lung cancer cell model and PVP-IrNPs displayed excellent biocompatibility and antioxidant activity. Upon pretreatment of cells with PVP-IrNPs, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in response to H2O2 was decreased and the cell viability increased. This work will facilitate studies on the mechanism and biomedical application of nanomaterials-based enzyme mimic.

Study of ring influence and electronic response to proton transfer reactions. Reaction electronic flux analysis.

PubMed

Herrera, Barbara

2011-05-01

In this article, a theoretical study of 1-5 proton transfers is presented. Two model systems which represent 1-5 proton transfer, 3-hidroxy-2-propenimine and salicyldenaniline have been studied as shown in Fig. 1. For this purpose, a DFT/B3LYP/6-311+G**, reaction force and reaction electronic flux analysis is made. The obtained results indicate that both proton transfers exhibit energetic and electronic differences emphasizing the role of the neighbor ring and the impact of conjugation on electronic properties.

Coherent Electron Transfer at the Ag / Graphite Heterojunction Interface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tan, Shijing; Dai, Yanan; Zhang, Shengmin; Liu, Liming; Zhao, Jin; Petek, Hrvoje

2018-03-01

Charge transfer in transduction of light to electrical or chemical energy at heterojunctions of metals with semiconductors or semimetals is believed to occur by photogenerated hot electrons in metal undergoing incoherent internal photoemission through the heterojunction interface. Charge transfer, however, can also occur coherently by dipole coupling of electronic bands at the heterojunction interface. Microscopic physical insights into how transfer occurs can be elucidated by following the coherent polarization of the donor and acceptor states on the time scale of electronic dephasing. By time-resolved multiphoton photoemission spectroscopy (MPP), we investigate the coherent electron transfer from an interface state that forms upon chemisorption of Ag nanoclusters onto graphite to a σ symmetry interlayer band of graphite. Multidimensional MPP spectroscopy reveals a resonant two-photon transition, which dephases within 10 fs completing the coherent transfer.

Food Antioxidants: Chemical Insights at the Molecular Level.

PubMed

Galano, Annia; Mazzone, Gloria; Alvarez-Diduk, Ruslán; Marino, Tiziana; Alvarez-Idaboy, J Raúl; Russo, Nino

2016-01-01

In this review, we briefly summarize the reliability of the density functional theory (DFT)-based methods to accurately predict the main antioxidant properties and the reaction mechanisms involved in the free radical-scavenging reactions of chemical compounds present in food. The analyzed properties are the bond dissociation energies, in particular those involving OH bonds, electron transfer enthalpies, adiabatic ionization potentials, and proton affinities. The reaction mechanisms are hydrogen-atom transfer, proton-coupled electron transfer, radical adduct formation, single electron transfer, sequential electron proton transfer, proton-loss electron transfer, and proton-loss hydrogen-atom transfer. Furthermore, the chelating ability of these compounds and its role in decreasing or inhibiting the oxidative stress induced by Fe(III) and Cu(II) are considered. Comparisons between theoretical and experimental data confirm that modern theoretical tools are not only able to explain controversial experimental facts but also to predict chemical behavior.

On generalized Mulliken-Hush approach of electronic transfer: Inclusion of non-zero off-diagonal diabatic dipole moment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kryachko, E.S.

1999-06-03

The electronic coupling between the initial and final diabatic states is the major factor that determines the rate of electron transfer. A general formula for the adiabatic-to-diabatic mixing angle in terms of the electronic dipole moments is derived within a two-state model. It expresses the electronic coupling determining the rate of electronic transfer in terms of the off-diagonal diabatic dipole moment.

42 CFR 488.303 - State plan requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... recognition, incentive payments, or both, nursing facilities that provide the highest quality care to Medicaid...) Transfer of residents. (5) Closure of the facility and transfer of residents. (6) State monitoring. (e... remedies that are in addition to those specified in paragraph (d) or (e) of this section, or alternative to...

21 CFR 1304.03 - Persons required to keep records and file reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... distributing registrant who utilizes a freight forwarding facility shall maintain records to reflect transfer... substances are shipped and authorized signatures for each transfer. A distributing registrant may, as part of the initial request to operate a freight forwarding facility, request permission to store records at a...

21 CFR 1304.03 - Persons required to keep records and file reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... distributing registrant who utilizes a freight forwarding facility shall maintain records to reflect transfer... substances are shipped and authorized signatures for each transfer. A distributing registrant may, as part of the initial request to operate a freight forwarding facility, request permission to store records at a...

21 CFR 1304.03 - Persons required to keep records and file reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... distributing registrant who utilizes a freight forwarding facility shall maintain records to reflect transfer... substances are shipped and authorized signatures for each transfer. A distributing registrant may, as part of the initial request to operate a freight forwarding facility, request permission to store records at a...

40 CFR 63.7936 - What requirements must I meet if I transfer remediation material off-site to another facility?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... transfer remediation material off-site to another facility? 63.7936 Section 63.7936 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS... Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation General Compliance Requirements § 63.7936 What requirements must...

40 CFR 63.7936 - What requirements must I meet if I transfer remediation material off-site to another facility?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... transfer remediation material off-site to another facility? 63.7936 Section 63.7936 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS... Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation General Compliance Requirements § 63.7936 What requirements must...

40 CFR 63.7936 - What requirements must I meet if I transfer remediation material off-site to another facility?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... transfer remediation material off-site to another facility? 63.7936 Section 63.7936 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS... Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation General Compliance Requirements § 63.7936 What requirements must...

40 CFR 63.7936 - What requirements must I meet if I transfer remediation material off-site to another facility?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... transfer remediation material off-site to another facility? 63.7936 Section 63.7936 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS... Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation General Compliance Requirements § 63.7936 What requirements must...

Photo-induced electron transfer method

DOEpatents

Wohlgemuth, Roland; Calvin, Melvin

1984-01-01

The efficiency of photo-induced electron transfer reactions is increased and the back transfer of electrons in such reactions is greatly reduced when a photo-sensitizer zinc porphyrin-surfactant and an electron donor manganese porphyrin-surfactant are admixed into phospho-lipid membranes. The phospholipids comprising said membranes are selected from phospholipids whose head portions are negatively charged. Said membranes are contacted with an aqueous medium in which an essentially neutral viologen electron acceptor is admixed. Catalysts capable of transfering electrons from reduced viologen electron acceptor to hydrogen to produce elemental hydrogen are also included in the aqueous medium. An oxidizable olefin is also admixed in the phospholipid for the purpose of combining with oxygen that coordinates with oxidized electron donor manganese porphyrin-surfactant.

Where do HIV-infected adolescents go after transfer? - Tracking transition/transfer of HIV-infected adolescents using linkage of cohort data to a health information system platform.

PubMed

Davies, Mary-Ann; Tsondai, Priscilla; Tiffin, Nicki; Eley, Brian; Rabie, Helena; Euvrard, Jonathan; Orrell, Catherine; Prozesky, Hans; Wood, Robin; Cogill, Dolphina; Haas, Andreas D; Sohn, Annette H; Boulle, Andrew

2017-05-16

To evaluate long-term outcomes in HIV-infected adolescents, it is important to identify ways of tracking outcomes after transfer to a different health facility. The Department of Health (DoH) in the Western Cape Province (WCP) of South Africa uses a single unique identifier for all patients across the health service platform. We examined adolescent outcomes after transfer by linking data from four International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS Southern Africa (IeDEA-SA) cohorts in the WCP with DoH data. We included adolescents on antiretroviral therapy who transferred out of their original cohort from 10 to 19 years of age between 2004 and 2014. The DoH conducted the linkage separately for each cohort and linked anonymized data were then combined. The primary outcome was successful transfer defined as having a patient record at a facility other than the original facility after the transfer date. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients retained, with HIV-RNA <400 copies/ml and CD4 > 500 cells/µl at 1, 2 and 3 years post-transfer. Of 460 adolescents transferred out (53% female), 72% transferred at 10-14 years old, and 79% transferred out of tertiary facilities. Overall, 81% of patients transferred successfully at a median (interquartile range) of 56 (27-134) days following transfer date; 95% reached the transfer site <18 months after transfer out. Among those transferring successfully, the proportion retained decreased from 1 to 3 years post-transfer (90-84%). There was no significant difference between transfer and 1-3 years post-transfer in the proportion of retained adolescents with HIV-RNA <400 copies/ml and CD4 > 500 cells/µl except for HIV-RNA <400 copies/ml at 3 years (86% vs. 75%; p  = 0.007). The proportion virologically suppressed and with CD4 > 500 cells/µl was significantly lower at 1 and 2 years post-transfer in those transferring at 15-19 vs. 10-14 years of age. Using laboratory data alone over-estimated time to successful transfer. Linking cohort data to health information system data allowed efficient assessment of post-transfer outcomes. Although >80% of adolescents transferred successfully with nearly 85% of them retained for 3 years post-transfer, the decline in the proportion virologically suppressed and poorer outcomes in older adolescents are concerns.​.

Application of Electron-Transfer Theory to Several Systems of Biological Interest

DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

Marcus, R. A.; Sutin, N.

1985-03-23

Electron-transfer reaction rates are compared with theoretically calculated values for several reactions in the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center. A second aspect of the theory, the cross-relation, is illustrated using protein-protein electron transfers.

The Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) annotated bibliography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Levine, Arlene S.

1995-01-01

A major objective of the Space Act of 1958 which led to the establishment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was the dissemination of science and technology. Today, under NASA administrator Daniel Goldin and the White House, there is a reemphasis on the dissemination and transfer of NASA science and technology to U.S. industry: both aerospace and non aerospace. The goal of this transfer of science and technology is to aid U.S. industries, making them more competitive in the global economy. After 69 months in space, LDEF provided new and important information on the space environment and how this hostile environment impacts spacecraft materials and systems. The space environment investigated by the LDEF researchers included: ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation, meteoroid and debris, atomic oxygen, thermal cycling, vacuum, microgravity, induced contamination and various synergistic effects. The materials used as part of LDEF and its experiments include polymers, metals, glass, paints and coatings. Fiber optic, mechanical, electrical, and optical systems were also used on LDEF. As part of the effort to disseminate and transfer LDEF science and technology, an annotated bibliographic database is being developed. This bibliography will be available electronically, as well as in hard copy. All LDEF domestic and foreign publications in the open literature, including scientific journals, the NASA LDEF Symposia volumes, books, technical reports and unrestricted contractor reports will be included in this database. The hard copy, as well as the electronic database, will be categorized by section in the scientific and technical discipline.

Facilities | Argonne National Laboratory

Science.gov Websites

Skip to main content Argonne National Laboratory Toggle Navigation Toggle Search Research Facilities Advanced Powertrain Research Facility Center for Transportation Research Distributed Energy Research Center Engine Research Facility Heat Transfer Laboratory Materials Engineering Research Facility

Synergistic electron transfer effect-based signal amplification strategy for the ultrasensitive detection of dopamine.

PubMed

Lu, Qiujun; Chen, Xiaogen; Liu, Dan; Wu, Cuiyan; Liu, Meiling; Li, Haitao; Zhang, Youyu; Yao, Shouzhuo

2018-05-15

The selective and sensitive detection of dopamine (DA) is of great significance for the identification of schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease from the perspective of molecular diagnostics. So far, most of DA fluorescence sensors are based on the electron transfer from the fluorescence nanomaterials to DA-quinone. However, the limited electron transfer ability of the DA-quinone affects the level of detection sensitivity of these sensors. In this work, based on the DA can reduce Ag + into AgNPs followed by oxidized to DA-quinone, we developed a novel silicon nanoparticles-based electron transfer fluorescent sensor for the detection of DA. As electron transfer acceptor, the AgNPs and DA-quinone can quench the fluorescence of silicon nanoparticles effectively through the synergistic electron transfer effect. Compared with traditional fluorescence DA sensors, the proposed synergistic electron transfer-based sensor improves the detection sensitivity to a great extent (at least 10-fold improvement). The proposed sensor shows a low detection limit of DA, which is as low as 0.1 nM under the optimal conditions. This sensor has potential applicability for the detection of DA in practical sample. This work has been demonstrated to contribute to a substantial improvement in the sensitivity of the sensors. It also gives new insight into design electron transfer-based sensors. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Quantifying electron transfer reactions in biological systems: what interactions play the major role?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sjulstok, Emil; Olsen, Jógvan Magnus Haugaard; Solov'Yov, Ilia A.

2015-12-01

Various biological processes involve the conversion of energy into forms that are usable for chemical transformations and are quantum mechanical in nature. Such processes involve light absorption, excited electronic states formation, excitation energy transfer, electrons and protons tunnelling which for example occur in photosynthesis, cellular respiration, DNA repair, and possibly magnetic field sensing. Quantum biology uses computation to model biological interactions in light of quantum mechanical effects and has primarily developed over the past decade as a result of convergence between quantum physics and biology. In this paper we consider electron transfer in biological processes, from a theoretical view-point; namely in terms of quantum mechanical and semi-classical models. We systematically characterize the interactions between the moving electron and its biological environment to deduce the driving force for the electron transfer reaction and to establish those interactions that play the major role in propelling the electron. The suggested approach is seen as a general recipe to treat electron transfer events in biological systems computationally, and we utilize it to describe specifically the electron transfer reactions in Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome-a signaling photoreceptor protein that became attractive recently due to its possible function as a biological magnetoreceptor.

ELECTRON TRANSFER MECHANISM AT THE SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACE OF PHYLLOSILICATES

EPA Science Inventory

Interfacial electron transfer processes on clay minerals have significant impact in natural environments and geochemical systems. Nitrobenzene was used as molecular probes to study the electron transfer mechanism at the solid-water interfaces of Fe-containing phyllosicates. For...

Tunneling induced electron transfer between separated protons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vindel-Zandbergen, Patricia; Meier, Christoph; Sola, Ignacio R.

2018-04-01

We study electron transfer between two separated protons using local control theory. In this symmetric system one can favour a slow transfer by biasing the algorithm, achieving high efficiencies for fixed nuclei. The solution can be parametrized using a sequence of a pump followed by a dump pulse that lead to tunneling-induced electron transfer. Finally, we study the effect of the nuclear kinetic energy on the efficiency. Even in the absence of relative motion between the protons, the spreading of the nuclear wave function is enough to reduce the yield of electronic transfer to less than one half.

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

PubMed Central

Yeow, Jonathan; Xu, Jiangtao; Boyer, Cyrille

2016-01-01

Presented herein is a protocol for the facile synthesis of worm-like micelles by visible light mediated dispersion polymerization. This approach begins with the synthesis of a hydrophilic poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (POEGMA) homopolymer using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Under mild visible light irradiation (λ = 460 nm, 0.7 mW/cm2), this macro-chain transfer agent (macro-CTA) in the presence of a ruthenium based photoredox catalyst, Ru(bpy)3Cl2 can be chain extended with a second monomer to form a well-defined block copolymer in a process known as Photoinduced Electron Transfer RAFT (PET-RAFT). When PET-RAFT is used to chain extend POEGMA with benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) in ethanol (EtOH), polymeric nanoparticles with different morphologies are formed in situ according to a polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) mechanism. Self-assembly into nanoparticles presenting POEGMA chains at the corona and poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA) chains in the core occurs in situ due to the growing insolubility of the PBzMA block in ethanol. Interestingly, the formation of highly pure worm-like micelles can be readily monitored by observing the onset of a highly viscous gel in situ due to nanoparticle entanglements occurring during the polymerization. This process thereby allows for a more reproducible synthesis of worm-like micelles simply by monitoring the solution viscosity during the course of the polymerization. In addition, the light stimulus can be intermittently applied in an ON/OFF manner demonstrating temporal control over the nanoparticle morphology. PMID:27340940

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst.

PubMed

Yeow, Jonathan; Xu, Jiangtao; Boyer, Cyrille

2016-06-08

Presented herein is a protocol for the facile synthesis of worm-like micelles by visible light mediated dispersion polymerization. This approach begins with the synthesis of a hydrophilic poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (POEGMA) homopolymer using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Under mild visible light irradiation (λ = 460 nm, 0.7 mW/cm(2)), this macro-chain transfer agent (macro-CTA) in the presence of a ruthenium based photoredox catalyst, Ru(bpy)3Cl2 can be chain extended with a second monomer to form a well-defined block copolymer in a process known as Photoinduced Electron Transfer RAFT (PET-RAFT). When PET-RAFT is used to chain extend POEGMA with benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) in ethanol (EtOH), polymeric nanoparticles with different morphologies are formed in situ according to a polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) mechanism. Self-assembly into nanoparticles presenting POEGMA chains at the corona and poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA) chains in the core occurs in situ due to the growing insolubility of the PBzMA block in ethanol. Interestingly, the formation of highly pure worm-like micelles can be readily monitored by observing the onset of a highly viscous gel in situ due to nanoparticle entanglements occurring during the polymerization. This process thereby allows for a more reproducible synthesis of worm-like micelles simply by monitoring the solution viscosity during the course of the polymerization. In addition, the light stimulus can be intermittently applied in an ON/OFF manner demonstrating temporal control over the nanoparticle morphology.

X.400: The Standard for Message Handling Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swain, Leigh; Tallim, Paula

1990-01-01

Profiles X.400, the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Application layer standard that supports interpersonal electronic mail services, facsimile transfer, electronic data interchange, electronic funds transfer, electronic publishing, and electronic invoicing. Also discussed are an electronic directory to support message handling, compatibility…

Application of Degenerately Doped Metal Oxides in the Study of Photoinduced Interfacial Electron Transfer.

PubMed

Farnum, Byron H; Morseth, Zachary A; Brennaman, M Kyle; Papanikolas, John M; Meyer, Thomas J

2015-06-18

Degenerately doped In2O3:Sn semiconductor nanoparticles (nanoITO) have been used to study the photoinduced interfacial electron-transfer reactivity of surface-bound [Ru(II)(bpy)2(4,4'-(PO3H2)2-bpy)](2+) (RuP(2+)) molecules as a function of driving force over a range of 1.8 eV. The metallic properties of the ITO nanoparticles, present within an interconnected mesoporous film, allowed for the driving force to be tuned by controlling their Fermi level with an external bias while their optical transparency allowed for transient absorption spectroscopy to be used to monitor electron-transfer kinetics. Photoinduced electron transfer from excited-state -RuP(2+*) molecules to nanoITO was found to be dependent on applied bias and competitive with nonradiative energy transfer to nanoITO. Back electron transfer from nanoITO to oxidized -RuP(3+) was also dependent on the applied bias but without complication from inter- or intraparticle electron diffusion in the oxide nanoparticles. Analysis of the electron injection kinetics as a function of driving force using Marcus-Gerischer theory resulted in an experimental estimate of the reorganization energy for the excited-state -RuP(3+/2+*) redox couple of λ* = 0.83 eV and an electronic coupling matrix element, arising from electronic wave function overlap between the donor orbital in the molecule and the acceptor orbital(s) in the nanoITO electrode, of Hab = 20-45 cm(-1). Similar analysis of the back electron-transfer kinetics yielded λ = 0.56 eV for the ground-state -RuP(3+/2+) redox couple and Hab = 2-4 cm(-1). The use of these wide band gap, degenerately doped materials provides a unique experimental approach for investigating single-site electron transfer at the surface of oxide nanoparticles.

Chemical and charge transfer studies on interfaces of a conjugated polymer and ITO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

David, Tanya M. S.; Arasho, Wondwosson; Smith, O'Neil; Hong, Kunlun; Bonner, Carl; Sun, Sam-Shajing

2017-08-01

Conjugated oligomers and polymers are very attractive for potential future plastic electronic and opto-electronic device applications such as plastic photo detectors and solar cells, thermoelectric devices, field effect transistors, and light emitting diodes. Understanding and optimizing charge transport between an active polymer layer and conductive substrate is critical to the optimization of polymer based electronic and opto-electronic devices. This study focused on the design, synthesis, self-assembly, and electron transfers and transports of a phosphonic acid end-functionalized polyphenylenevinylene (PPV) that was covalently attached and self-assembled onto an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) substrate. This study demonstrated how atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be an effective characterization technique in conjunction with conventional electron transfer methods, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), towards determining electron transfer rates in polymer and polymer/conductor interface systems. This study found that the electron transfer rates of covalently attached and self-assembled films were much faster than the spin coated films. The knowledge from this study can be very useful for designing potential polymer based electronic and opto-electronic thin film devices.

Electron transfer by excited benzoquinone anions: slow rates for two-electron transitions.

PubMed

Zamadar, Matibur; Cook, Andrew R; Lewandowska-Andralojc, Anna; Holroyd, Richard; Jiang, Yan; Bikalis, Jin; Miller, John R

2013-09-05

Electron transfer (ET) rate constants from the lowest excited state of the radical anion of benzoquinone, BQ(-•)*, were measured in THF solution. Rate constants for bimolecular electron transfer reactions typically reach the diffusion-controlled limit when the free-energy change, ΔG°, reaches -0.3 eV. The rate constants for ET from BQ(-•)* are one-to-two decades smaller at this energy and do not reach the diffusion-controlled limit until -ΔG° is 1.5-2.0 eV. The rates are so slow probably because a second electron must also undergo a transition to make use of the energy of the excited state. Similarly, ET, from solvated electrons to neutral BQ to form the lowest excited state, is slow, while fast ET is observed at a higher excited state, which can be populated in a transition involving only one electron. A simple picture based on perturbation theory can roughly account for the control of electron transfer by the need for transition of a second electron. The picture also explains how extra driving force (-ΔG°) can restore fast rates of electron transfer.

The extraction of the spin structure function, g2 (and g1) at low Bjorken x

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ndukum, Luwani Z.

2015-08-01

The Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment (SANE) used the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility at Jefferson Laboratory in Newport News, VA to investigate the spin structure of the proton. The experiment measured inclusive double polarization electron asymmetries using a polarized electron beam, scattered off a solid polarized ammonia target with target polarization aligned longitudinal and near transverse to the electron beam, allowing the extraction of the spin asymmetries A1 and A2, and spin structure functions g1 and g2. Polarized electrons of energies of 4.7 and 5.9 GeV were used. The scattered electrons were detected by a novel, non-magnetic arraymore » of detectors observing a four-momentum transfer range of 2.5 to 6.5 GeV*V. This document addresses the extraction of the spin asymmetries and spin structure functions, with a focus on spin structure function, g2 (and g1) at low Bjorken x. The spin structure functions were measured as a function of x and W in four Q square bins. A full understanding of the low x region is necessary to get clean results for SANE and extend our understanding of the kinematic region at low x.« less

Evidence that Additions of Grignard Reagents to Aliphatic Aldehydes Do Not Involve Single-Electron-Transfer Processes.

PubMed

Otte, Douglas A L; Woerpel, K A

2015-08-07

Addition of allylmagnesium reagents to an aliphatic aldehyde bearing a radical clock gave only addition products and no evidence of ring-opened products that would suggest single-electron-transfer reactions. The analogous Barbier reaction also did not provide evidence for a single-electron-transfer mechanism in the addition step. Other Grignard reagents (methyl-, vinyl-, t-Bu-, and triphenylmethylmagnesium halides) also do not appear to add to an alkyl aldehyde by a single-electron-transfer mechanism.

Evidence for protein conformational change at a Au(110)/protein interface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Messiha, H. L.; Smith, C. I.; Scrutton, N. S.; Weightman, P.

2008-07-01

Evidence is presented that reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) can provide real-time measurements of conformational change in proteins induced by electron transfer reactions. A bacterial electron transferring flavoprotein (ETF) has been modified so as to adsorb on an Au(110) electrode and enable reversible electron transfer to the protein cofactor in the absence of mediators. Reversible changes are observed in the RAS of this protein that are interpreted as arising from conformational changes accompanying the transfer of electrons.

Enhanced electron transfer kinetics through hybrid graphene-carbon nanotube films.

PubMed

Henry, Philémon A; Raut, Akshay S; Ubnoske, Stephen M; Parker, Charles B; Glass, Jeffrey T

2014-11-01

We report the first study of the electrochemical reactivity of a graphenated carbon nanotube (g-CNT) film. The electron transfer kinetics of the ferri-ferrocyanide couple were examined for a g-CNT film and compared to the kinetics to standard carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The g-CNT film exhibited much higher catalytic activity, with a heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant, k 0 , approximately two orders of magnitude higher than for standard CNTs. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to correlate the higher electron transfer kinetics with the higher edge-density of the g-CNT film.

Enzymatic cellulose oxidation is linked to lignin by long-range electron transfer

PubMed Central

Westereng, Bjørge; Cannella, David; Wittrup Agger, Jane; Jørgensen, Henning; Larsen Andersen, Mogens; Eijsink, Vincent G.H.; Felby, Claus

2015-01-01

Enzymatic oxidation of cell wall polysaccharides by lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) plays a pivotal role in the degradation of plant biomass. While experiments have shown that LPMOs are copper dependent enzymes requiring an electron donor, the mechanism and origin of the electron supply in biological systems are only partly understood. We show here that insoluble high molecular weight lignin functions as a reservoir of electrons facilitating LPMO activity. The electrons are donated to the enzyme by long-range electron transfer involving soluble low molecular weight lignins present in plant cell walls. Electron transfer was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy showing that LPMO activity on cellulose changes the level of unpaired electrons in the lignin. The discovery of a long-range electron transfer mechanism links the biodegradation of cellulose and lignin and sheds new light on how oxidative enzymes present in plant degraders may act in concert. PMID:26686263

Facile fabrication of palladium-ionic liquids-nitrogen-doped graphene nanocomposites as enhanced electro-catalyst for ethanol oxidation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Shuwen; Yang, Honglei; Ren, Ren; Ma, Jianxin; Jin, Jun; Ma, Jiantai

2015-10-01

The palladium-ionic liquids-nitrogen-doped graphene nanocomposites are facile fabricated as enhanced electro-catalyst for ethanol oxidation. First, the ionic liquids functionalized nitrogen-doping graphene nanosheets (PDIL-NGS) with few layers is synthesized through a facile and effective one-pot hydrothermal method with graphene oxide as raw material, urea as reducing-doping agents and ionic liquids (ILs) derived from 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid as functional molecules. The results of systematic characterization reveal that the PDIL molecules not only can functionalize NGS by π-π stacking with no affecting the nitrogen doping but also prevent the agglomeration of NGS. More importantly, the processing performance and the property of electron transfer are remarkably enhanced duo to introducing a large number of ILs groups. Then, the enhanced electrocatalytic Pd nanoparticles are successfully anchored on PDIL-NGS by a facile and surfactant-free synthetic technique. As an anode catalyst, the novel catalyst exhibits better kinetics, more superior electrocatalytic performance, higher tolerance and electrochemical stability than the other catalysts toward ethanol electrooxidation, owing to the role of PDIL molecules. Therefore, the new catalyst is believed to have the potential use for direct alcohol fuel cells in the future and the functionalized NGS is promising useful materials applied in other fields.

33 CFR 127.1105 - Layout and spacing of marine transfer area for LHG.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Layout and spacing of marine... AND LIQUEFIED HAZARDOUS GAS Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Hazardous Gas Design and Construction § 127.1105 Layout and spacing of marine transfer area for LHG. Each new waterfront facility...

33 CFR 127.1105 - Layout and spacing of marine transfer area for LHG.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Layout and spacing of marine... AND LIQUEFIED HAZARDOUS GAS Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Hazardous Gas Design and Construction § 127.1105 Layout and spacing of marine transfer area for LHG. Each new waterfront facility...

33 CFR 127.1105 - Layout and spacing of marine transfer area for LHG.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Layout and spacing of marine... AND LIQUEFIED HAZARDOUS GAS Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Hazardous Gas Design and Construction § 127.1105 Layout and spacing of marine transfer area for LHG. Each new waterfront facility...

33 CFR 127.1105 - Layout and spacing of marine transfer area for LHG.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Layout and spacing of marine... AND LIQUEFIED HAZARDOUS GAS Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Hazardous Gas Design and Construction § 127.1105 Layout and spacing of marine transfer area for LHG. Each new waterfront facility...

33 CFR 127.1105 - Layout and spacing of marine transfer area for LHG.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Layout and spacing of marine... AND LIQUEFIED HAZARDOUS GAS Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Hazardous Gas Design and Construction § 127.1105 Layout and spacing of marine transfer area for LHG. Each new waterfront facility...

75 FR 81642 - Long-Term North to South Water Transfer Program, Sacramento County, CA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-28

...-CVP water supplies that require use of CVP or State Water Project (SWP) facilities to convey the... south of the Delta have been using water transfers to supplement local and imported water supplies... water supplies and CVP and SWP facilities. Buyers and sellers would be responsible for negotiating the...

Rural Implications of Medicare's Post-Acute-Care Transfer Payment Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schoenman, Julie A.; Mueller, Curt D.

2005-01-01

Under the Medicare post-acute-care (PAC) transfer policy, acute-care hospitals are reimbursed under a per-diem formula whenever beneficiaries are discharged from selected diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) to a skilled nursing facility, home health care, or a prospective payment system (PPS)-excluded facility. Total per-diem payments are below the…

10 CFR 770.5 - How does DOE notify persons and entities that defense nuclear facility real property is available...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... available for transfer for economic development? (a) Field Office Managers annually make available to... the availability of the list. (b) Upon request, Field Office Managers provide to interested persons... facilities that DOE has identified as appropriate for transfer for economic development. Field Office...

10 CFR 770.5 - How does DOE notify persons and entities that defense nuclear facility real property is available...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... available for transfer for economic development? (a) Field Office Managers annually make available to... the availability of the list. (b) Upon request, Field Office Managers provide to interested persons... facilities that DOE has identified as appropriate for transfer for economic development. Field Office...

10 CFR 770.1 - What is the purpose of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT § 770.1 What is the purpose of this part? (a) This part establishes how DOE will transfer by sale or lease real property at defense nuclear facilities for economic development. (b) This part also...

CymA and Exogenous Flavins Improve Extracellular Electron Transfer and Couple It to Cell Growth in Mtr-Expressing Escherichia coli

DOE PAGES

Jensen, Heather M.; TerAvest, Michaela A.; Kokish, Mark G.; ...

2016-03-22

Introducing extracellular electron transfer pathways into heterologous organisms offers the opportunity to explore fundamental biogeochemical processes and to biologically alter redox states of exogenous metals for various applications. While expression of the MtrCAB electron nanoconduit from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 permits extracellular electron transfer in Escherichia coli, the low electron flux and absence of growth in these cells limits their practicality for such applications. In this paper, we investigate how the rate of electron transfer to extracellular Fe(III) and cell survival in engineered E. coli are affected by mimicking different features of the S. oneidensis pathway: the number of electron nanoconduits,more » the link between the quinol pool and MtrA, and the presence of flavin-dependent electron transfer. While increasing the number of pathways does not significantly improve the extracellular electron transfer rate or cell survival, using the native inner membrane component, CymA, significantly improves the reduction rate of extracellular acceptors and increases cell viability. Strikingly, introducing both CymA and riboflavin to Mtr-expressing E. coli also allowed these cells to couple metal reduction to growth, which is the first time an increase in biomass of an engineered E. coli has been observed under Fe 2O 3 (s) reducing conditions. Overall and finally, this work provides engineered E. coli strains for modulating extracellular metal reduction and elucidates critical factors for engineering extracellular electron transfer in heterologous organisms.« less

CymA and Exogenous Flavins Improve Extracellular Electron Transfer and Couple It to Cell Growth in Mtr-Expressing Escherichia coli

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jensen, Heather M.; TerAvest, Michaela A.; Kokish, Mark G.

Introducing extracellular electron transfer pathways into heterologous organisms offers the opportunity to explore fundamental biogeochemical processes and to biologically alter redox states of exogenous metals for various applications. While expression of the MtrCAB electron nanoconduit from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 permits extracellular electron transfer in Escherichia coli, the low electron flux and absence of growth in these cells limits their practicality for such applications. In this paper, we investigate how the rate of electron transfer to extracellular Fe(III) and cell survival in engineered E. coli are affected by mimicking different features of the S. oneidensis pathway: the number of electron nanoconduits,more » the link between the quinol pool and MtrA, and the presence of flavin-dependent electron transfer. While increasing the number of pathways does not significantly improve the extracellular electron transfer rate or cell survival, using the native inner membrane component, CymA, significantly improves the reduction rate of extracellular acceptors and increases cell viability. Strikingly, introducing both CymA and riboflavin to Mtr-expressing E. coli also allowed these cells to couple metal reduction to growth, which is the first time an increase in biomass of an engineered E. coli has been observed under Fe 2O 3 (s) reducing conditions. Overall and finally, this work provides engineered E. coli strains for modulating extracellular metal reduction and elucidates critical factors for engineering extracellular electron transfer in heterologous organisms.« less

Flavin Charge Transfer Transitions Assist DNA Photolyase Electron Transfer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skourtis, Spiros S.; Prytkova, Tatiana; Beratan, David N.

2007-12-01

This contribution describes molecular dynamics, semi-empirical and ab-initio studies of the primary photo-induced electron transfer reaction in DNA photolyase. DNA photolyases are FADH--containing proteins that repair UV-damaged DNA by photo-induced electron transfer. A DNA photolyase recognizes and binds to cyclobutatne pyrimidine dimer lesions of DNA. The protein repairs a bound lesion by transferring an electron to the lesion from FADH-, upon photo-excitation of FADH- with 350-450 nm light. We compute the lowest singlet excited states of FADH- in DNA photolyase using INDO/S configuration interaction, time-dependent density-functional, and time-dependent Hartree-Fock methods. The calculations identify the lowest singlet excited state of FADH- that is populated after photo-excitation and that acts as the electron donor. For this donor state we compute conformationally-averaged tunneling matrix elements to empty electron-acceptor states of a thymine dimer bound to photolyase. The conformational averaging involves different FADH--thymine dimer confromations obtained from molecular dynamics simulations of the solvated protein with a thymine dimer docked in its active site. The tunneling matrix element computations use INDO/S-level Green's function, energy splitting, and Generalized Mulliken-Hush methods. These calculations indicate that photo-excitation of FADH- causes a π→π* charge-transfer transition that shifts electron density to the side of the flavin isoalloxazine ring that is adjacent to the docked thymine dimer. This shift in electron density enhances the FADH--to-dimer electronic coupling, thus inducing rapid electron transfer.

JLab Measurements of the He 3 Form Factors at Large Momentum Transfers

DOE PAGES

Camsonne, A.; Katramatou, A. T.; Olson, M.; ...

2017-10-19

The charge and magnetic form factors, F C and F M, respectively, of 3He are extracted in the kinematic range 25 fm –2 ≤ Q 2 ≤ 61 fm –2 from elastic electron scattering by detecting 3He recoil nuclei and scattered electrons in coincidence with the two High Resolution Spectrometers of the Hall A Facility at Jefferson Lab. The measurements find evidence for the existence of a second diffraction minimum for the magnetic form factor at Q 2 = 49.3 fm –2 and for the charge form factor at Q 2 = 62.0 fm –2. Both minima are predicted tomore » exist in the Q 2 range accessible by this Jefferson Lab experiment. Here, the data are in qualitative agreement with theoretical calculations based on realistic interactions and accurate methods to solve the three-body nuclear problem.« less

JLab Measurements of the He 3 Form Factors at Large Momentum Transfers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Camsonne, A.; Katramatou, A. T.; Olson, M.

The charge and magnetic form factors, F C and F M, respectively, of 3He are extracted in the kinematic range 25 fm –2 ≤ Q 2 ≤ 61 fm –2 from elastic electron scattering by detecting 3He recoil nuclei and scattered electrons in coincidence with the two High Resolution Spectrometers of the Hall A Facility at Jefferson Lab. The measurements find evidence for the existence of a second diffraction minimum for the magnetic form factor at Q 2 = 49.3 fm –2 and for the charge form factor at Q 2 = 62.0 fm –2. Both minima are predicted tomore » exist in the Q 2 range accessible by this Jefferson Lab experiment. Here, the data are in qualitative agreement with theoretical calculations based on realistic interactions and accurate methods to solve the three-body nuclear problem.« less

Hierarchical TiO2/C micro-nano spheres as high-performance anode materials for sodium ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Xiao; Zhang, Zhihui; Tian, Jianliya; Xu, Beibei; Ping, Qiushi; Wang, Baofeng

The hierarchical TiO2/C microspheres were obtained via a facile method of in-situ hydrolysis and spray drying. Antase TiO2 nanoparticles were coherent to microspheres TiO2/C due to the pyrolysis of carbon source (PVP). Besides, the favorable electron transfer from carbon to TiO2 improves the electronic conductivity of TiO2 via the presence of Ti-C bond within TiO2/C composite. Charge-discharge tests show that TiO2/C microspheres delivered a good rate capability of 106.1mAhg‑1 at the high current density of 5Ag‑1 and an enhanced cyclic capacity. The superior electrochemical performance could be ascribed to the porous micro-nano structure, smaller crystal size and increased conductivity. The synthesis of TiO2/C microspheres is easy to scale up for satisfying high-performance sodium storage.

High-power infrared and ultraviolet free electron lasers at CEBAF

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Byung Yunn; Charles Sinclair; Christoph Leemann

1992-06-15

In response to requirements for national laboratory technology transfer, CEBAF has proposed an industrial R&D initiative: a Free Electron Laser(FEL) User Facility based on an infrared FEL and an ultraviolet FEL, with the injector and the north linac of the CEBAF superconducting,recirculating accelerator serving as drivers. The initiative is a collaborative effort with four U.S. corporate partners and capitalizes on CEBAF'ssuperconducting rf technology. The FELs will provide monochromatic, tunable (3.6 to 1.7 ¿m and 150 to 260 nm), high-average-power (-kW) lightfor technical applications and basic science studies. FEL capabilities will be competitive with those of similar initiatives worldwide. FEL operationmore » willnot impair beam delivered to CEBAF's nuclear physics experiments. Substational commitments are in hand from the industray partners and theCommonwealth of Virgina for cost-sharing the project with the Federal Government.« less

High-power infrared and ultraviolet free electron lasers at CEBAF

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dylla, H.F.; Bisognano, J.J.; Douglas, D.

1992-12-05

In response to requirements for national laboratory technology transfer, CEBAF has proposed an industrial R D initiative: a Free Electron Laser (FEL) User Facility based on an infrared FEL and an ultraviolet FEL, with the injector and the north linac of the CEBAF superconducting, recirculating accelerator serving as drivers. The initiative is a collaborative effort with four U.S. corporate partners and capitalizes on CEBAF's superconducting rf technology. The FELs will provide monochromatic, tunable (3.6 to 1.7 [mu]m and 150 to 260 nm), high-average-power (-kW) light for technical applications and basic science studies. FEL capabilities will be competitive with those ofmore » similar initiatives worldwide. FEL operation will not impair beam delivered to CEBAF's nuclear physics experiments. Substational commitments are in hand from the industray partners and the Commonwealth of Virgina for cost-sharing the project with the Federal Government.« less

Wafer-Scale and Wrinkle-Free Epitaxial Growth of Single-Orientated Multilayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Sapphire.

PubMed

Jang, A-Rang; Hong, Seokmo; Hyun, Chohee; Yoon, Seong In; Kim, Gwangwoo; Jeong, Hu Young; Shin, Tae Joo; Park, Sung O; Wong, Kester; Kwak, Sang Kyu; Park, Noejung; Yu, Kwangnam; Choi, Eunjip; Mishchenko, Artem; Withers, Freddie; Novoselov, Kostya S; Lim, Hyunseob; Shin, Hyeon Suk

2016-05-11

Large-scale growth of high-quality hexagonal boron nitride has been a challenge in two-dimensional-material-based electronics. Herein, we present wafer-scale and wrinkle-free epitaxial growth of multilayer hexagonal boron nitride on a sapphire substrate by using high-temperature and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition. Microscopic and spectroscopic investigations and theoretical calculations reveal that synthesized hexagonal boron nitride has a single rotational orientation with AA' stacking order. A facile method for transferring hexagonal boron nitride onto other target substrates was developed, which provides the opportunity for using hexagonal boron nitride as a substrate in practical electronic circuits. A graphene field effect transistor fabricated on our hexagonal boron nitride sheets shows clear quantum oscillation and highly improved carrier mobility because the ultraflatness of the hexagonal boron nitride surface can reduce the substrate-induced degradation of the carrier mobility of two-dimensional materials.

Three-dimensional conformal graphene microstructure for flexible and highly sensitive electronic skin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Jun; Ran, Qincui; Wei, Dapeng; Sun, Tai; Yu, Leyong; Song, Xuefen; Pu, Lichun; Shi, Haofei; Du, Chunlei

2017-03-01

We demonstrate a highly stretchable electronic skin (E-skin) based on the facile combination of microstructured graphene nanowalls (GNWs) and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The microstructure of the GNWs was endowed by conformally growing them on the unpolished silicon wafer without the aid of nanofabrication technology. Then a stamping transfer method was used to replicate the micropattern of the unpolished silicon wafer. Due to the large contact interface between the 3D graphene network and the PDMS, this type of E-skin worked under a stretching ratio of nearly 100%, and showed excellent mechanical strength and high sensitivity, with a change in relative resistance of up to 6500% and a gauge factor of 65.9 at 99.64% strain. Furthermore, the E-skin exhibited an obvious highly sensitive response to joint movement, eye movement and sound vibration, demonstrating broad potential applications in healthcare, body monitoring and wearable devices.

Photoinduced electron transfer between benzyloxy dendrimer phthalocyanine and benzoquinone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Tiantian; Ma, Dongdong; Pan, Sujuan; Wu, Shijun; Jiang, Yufeng; Zeng, Di; Yang, Hongqin; Peng, Yiru

2016-10-01

Photo-induced electron transfer (PET) is an important and fundamental process in natural photosynthesis. To mimic such interesting PET process, a suitable donor and acceptor couple were properly chosen. Dendrimer phthalocyanines and their derivatives have emerged as promising materials for artificial photosynthesis systems. In this paper, the electron transfer between the light harvest dendrimer phthalocyanine (donor) and the 1,4-benzoquinone (acceptor) was studied by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic methods. It was found that fluorescence of phthalocyanine was quenched by benzoquinone (BQ) via excited state electron transfer, from the phthalocyanine to the BQ upon excitation at 610 nm. The Stern-Volmer constant (KSV) of electron transfer was calculated. Our study suggests that this dendritic phthalocyanine is an effective new electron donor and transmission complex and could be used as a potential artificial photosynthesis system.

Long-range electron transfer in porphyrin-containing [2]-rotaxanes: tuning the rate by metal cation coordination.

PubMed

Andersson, Mikael; Linke, Myriam; Chambron, Jean-Claude; Davidsson, Jan; Heitz, Valérie; Hammarström, Leif; Sauvage, Jean-Pierre

2002-04-24

A series of [2]-rotaxanes has been synthesized in which two Zn(II)-porphyrins (ZnP) electron donors were attached as stoppers on the rod. A macrocycle attached to a Au(III)-porphyrin (AuP+) acceptor was threaded on the rod. By selective excitation of either porphyrin, we could induce an electron transfer from the ZnP to the AuP+ unit that generated the same ZnP*+-AuP* charge-transfer state irrespective of which porphyrin was excited. Although the reactants were linked only by mechanical or coordination bonds, electron-transfer rate constants up to 1.2x10(10) x s(-1) were obtained over a 15-17 A edge-to-edge distance between the porphyrins. The resulting charge-transfer state had a relatively long lifetime of 10-40 ns and was formed in high yield (>80%) in most cases. By a simple variation of the link between the reactants, viz. a coordination of the phenanthroline units on the rotaxane rod and ring by either Ag+ or Cu+, we could enhance the electron-transfer rate from the ZnP to the excited 3AuP+. We interpret our data in terms of an enhanced superexchange mechanism with Ag+ and a change to a stepwise hopping mechanism with Cu+, involving the oxidized Cu(phen)22+ unit as a real intermediate. When the ZnP unit was excited instead, electron transfer from the excited 1ZnP to AuP+ was not affected, or even slowed, by Ag+ or Cu+. We discuss this asymmetry in terms of the different orbitals involved in mediating the reaction in an electron- and a hole-transfer mechanism. Our results show the possibility to tune the rates of electron transfer between noncovalently linked reactants by a convenient modification of the link. The different effect of Ag+ and Cu+ on the rate with ZnP and AuP+ excitation shows an additional possibility to control the electron-transfer reactions by selective excitation. We also found that coordination of the Cu+ introduced an energy-transfer reaction from 1ZnP to Cu(phen)2+ (k = 5.1x10(9) x s(-1)) that proceeded in competition with electron transfer to AuP+ and was followed by a quantitative energy transfer to give the 3ZnP state (k = 1.5x10(9) x s(-1)).

A molecular shift register based on electron transfer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hopfield, J. J.; Onuchic, Josenelson; Beratan, David N.

1988-01-01

An electronic shift-register memory at the molecular level is described. The memory elements are based on a chain of electron-transfer molecules and the information is shifted by photoinduced electron-transfer reactions. This device integrates designed electronic molecules onto a very large scale integrated (silicon microelectronic) substrate, providing an example of a 'molecular electronic device' that could actually be made. The design requirements for such a device and possible synthetic strategies are discussed. Devices along these lines should have lower energy usage and enhanced storage density.

Sequential energy and charge transfer processes in mixed host-guest complexes of subphthalocyanine, porphyrin and phthalocyanine chromophores.

PubMed

Menting, Roel; Ng, Dennis K P; Röder, Beate; Ermilov, Eugeny A

2012-11-14

Porphyrins, phthalocyanines and subphthalocyanines are three attractive classes of chromophores with intriguing properties making them suitable for the design of artificial photosynthetic systems. The assembly of these components by a supramolecular approach is of particular interest as it provides a facile means to build multi-chromophoric arrays with various architectures and tuneable photophysical properties. In this paper, we show the formation of mixed host-guest supramolecular complexes that consist of a β-cyclodextrin-conjugated subphthalocyanine, a tetrasulfonated porphyrin and a series of silicon(IV) phthalocyanines substituted axially with two β-cyclodextrins via different spacers. We found that the three components form supramolecular complexes held by host-guest interactions in aqueous solution. Upon excitation of the subphthalocyanine part of the complex, the excitation energy is delivered to the phthalocyanine unit via excitation energy transfer and the porphyrin chromophore acts as an energy transfer bridge enabling this process. It was shown that photo-induced charge transfer also takes place. A sequential electron transfer process from the porphyrin unit to the phthalocyanine moiety and subsequently from the subphthalocyanine moiety to the porphyrin unit takes place, and the probability of this process is controlled by the linker between β-cyclodextrin and phthalocyanine. The lifetime of the charge-separated state was found to be 1.7 ns by transient absorption spectroscopy.

12 CFR 1005.6 - Liability of consumer for unauthorized transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... transfers. 1005.6 Section 1005.6 Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) § 1005.6 Liability of consumer for unauthorized transfers. (a) Conditions for..., for an unauthorized electronic fund transfer involving the consumer's account only if the financial...

Stabilization of non-productive conformations underpins rapid electron transfer to electron-transferring flavoprotein.

PubMed

Toogood, Helen S; van Thiel, Adam; Scrutton, Nigel S; Leys, David

2005-08-26

Crystal structures of protein complexes with electron-transferring flavoprotein (ETF) have revealed a dual protein-protein interface with one region serving as anchor while the ETF FAD domain samples available space within the complex. We show that mutation of the conserved Glu-165beta in human ETF leads to drastically modulated rates of interprotein electron transfer with both medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and dimethylglycine dehydrogenase. The crystal structure of free E165betaA ETF is essentially identical to that of wild-type ETF, but the crystal structure of the E165betaA ETF.medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase complex reveals clear electron density for the FAD domain in a position optimal for fast interprotein electron transfer. Based on our observations, we present a dynamic multistate model for conformational sampling that for the wild-type ETF. medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase complex involves random motion between three distinct positions for the ETF FAD domain. ETF Glu-165beta plays a key role in stabilizing positions incompatible with fast interprotein electron transfer, thus ensuring high rates of complex dissociation.

77 FR 34127 - Financial Management Service; Proposed Collection of Information: Electronic Transfer Account...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-08

... Information: Electronic Transfer Account (ETA) Financial Agency Agreement AGENCY: Financial Management Service... of information described below: Title: Electronic Transfer Account (ETA) Financial Agency Agreement... public and other Federal agencies to take this opportunity to comment on a continuing information...

31 CFR 208.4 - Waivers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Payment by electronic funds transfer is not required in the following cases: (1) Where an individual: (i... are not required to be made by electronic funds transfer, unless and until such payments become... waiver request with Treasury certifying that payment by electronic funds transfer would impose a hardship...

12 CFR 1005.7 - Initial disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... disclosures required by this section at the time a consumer contracts for an electronic fund transfer service or before the first electronic fund transfer is made involving the consumer's account. (b) Content of... Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E...

Solvent effects on the oxidation (electron transfer) reaction of [Fe(CN) 6] 4- by [Co(NH 3) 5pz] 3+

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muriel, F.; Jiménez, R.; López, M.; Prado-Gotor, R.; Sánchez, F.

2004-03-01

Solvent effects on the title reaction were studied in different reaction media constituted by water and organic cosolvents (methanol, tert-butyl alcohol, ethyleneglycol and glucose) at 298.2 K. The results are considered in light of the Marcus-Hush approach for electron transfer reactions. Variations of the electron transfer rate constant are shown to be mainly due to changes in the reaction free energy. On the other hand the energies of the MMCT band, corresponding to the optical electron transfer within the ion pair [Fe(CN) 6] 4-/[Co(NH 3) 5pz] 3+, in the different reaction media, have been obtained. The activation free energies of the thermal electron transfer process have been calculated from the band ( Eop) data, and compared with those obtained from the kinetic study. Quantitative agreement is found between the two series of data. This shows the possibility of estimating activation free energies for electron transfer reactions from static (optical) measurements.

Bidirectional Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Ruthenium(II)-Tris-bipyridyl-Modified PpcA, a Multi-heme c -Type Cytochrome from Geobacter sulfurreducens

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kokhan, Oleksandr; Ponomarenko, Nina S.; Pokkuluri, P. Raj

PpcA, a tri-heme cytochrome c7 from Geobacter sulfurreducens was investigated as a model for photosensitizer-initiated electron transfer within a multi-heme "molecular wire" protein architecture. E. coli expression of PpcA was found to be tolerant of cysteine site-directed mutagenesis, demonstrated by the successful expression of natively folded proteins bearing cysteine mutations at a series of sites selected to vary characteristically with respect to the three -CXXCH- heme binding domains. A preliminary survey of 5 selected mutants found that the introduced cysteines can be readily covalently linked to a Ru(II)-(2,2'-bpy)2(4-bromomethyl-4’-methyl-2,2'-bpy) photosensitizer (where bpy = bipyridine), and that the linked constructs support bothmore » photo-oxidative and photo-reductive quenching of the photosensitizer excited-state, depending upon the initial heme redox state. For photo-oxidative electron transfer, apparent heme reduction risetimes were found to vary from 7 x 10-12 s to 5 x 10-8 s, depending upon the site of photosensitizer linking. The excited-state electron transfers are about 103-fold faster than any previously reported photosensitizer-redox protein covalently linked construct. Preliminary conformational analysis using molecular dynamics simulations shows that rates for electron transfer track both the distance and pathways for electron transfer. Two mutants with the fastest charge transfer rates, A23C and K29C, showed a significant role of specific paths for electron transfer. While K29C labeled mutant was expected to have approximately 0.8Å greater donor-acceptor distance, it showed 20-fold faster charge separation rate. Clear evidence for inter-heme electron transfer within the multi-heme protein is not detected within the lifetimes of the charge separated states. These results demonstrate an opportunity to develop multi-heme c-cytochromes for investigation of electron transfer in protein "molecular wires" and to serve as frameworks for metalloprotein designs that support multiple electron transfer redox chemistry.« less

Photoemission of Energetic Hot Electrons Produced via Up-Conversion in Doped Quantum Dots.

PubMed

Dong, Yitong; Parobek, David; Rossi, Daniel; Son, Dong Hee

2016-11-09

The benefits of the hot electrons from semiconductor nanostructures in photocatalysis or photovoltaics result from their higher energy compared to that of the band-edge electrons facilitating the electron-transfer process. The production of high-energy hot electrons usually requires short-wavelength UV or intense multiphoton visible excitation. Here, we show that highly energetic hot electrons capable of above-threshold ionization are produced via exciton-to-hot-carrier up-conversion in Mn-doped quantum dots under weak band gap excitation (∼10 W/cm 2 ) achievable with the concentrated solar radiation. The energy of hot electrons is as high as ∼0.4 eV above the vacuum level, much greater than those observed in other semiconductor or plasmonic metal nanostructures, which are capable of performing energetically and kinetically more-challenging electron transfer. Furthermore, the prospect of generating solvated electron is unique for the energetic hot electrons from up-conversion, which can open a new door for long-range electron transfer beyond short-range interfacial electron transfer.

Cryogenic Fluid Management Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eberhardt, R. N.; Bailey, W. J.; Symons, E. P.; Kroeger, E. W.

1984-01-01

The Cryogenic Fluid Management Facility (CFMF) is a reusable test bed which is designed to be carried into space in the Shuttle cargo bay to investigate systems and technologies required to efficiently and effectively manage cryogens in space. The facility hardware is configured to provide low-g verification of fluid and thermal models of cryogenic storage, transfer concepts and processes. Significant design data and criteria for future subcritical cryogenic storage and transfer systems will be obtained. Future applications include space-based and ground-based orbit transfer vehicles (OTV), space station life support, attitude control, power and fuel depot supply, resupply tankers, external tank (ET) propellant scavenging, space-based weapon systems and space-based orbit maneuvering vehicles (OMV). This paper describes the facility and discusses the cryogenic fluid management technology to be investigated. A brief discussion of the integration issues involved in loading and transporting liquid hydrogen within the Shuttle cargo bay is also included.

Quantum Calculations of Electron Tunneling in Respiratory Complex III.

PubMed

Hagras, Muhammad A; Hayashi, Tomoyuki; Stuchebrukhov, Alexei A

2015-11-19

The most detailed and comprehensive to date study of electron transfer reactions in the respiratory complex III of aerobic cells, also known as bc1 complex, is reported. In the framework of the tunneling current theory, electron tunneling rates and atomistic tunneling pathways between different redox centers were investigated for all electron transfer reactions comprising different stages of the proton-motive Q-cycle. The calculations reveal that complex III is a smart nanomachine, which under certain conditions undergoes conformational changes gating electron transfer, or channeling electrons to specific pathways. One-electron tunneling approximation was adopted in the tunneling calculations, which were performed using hybrid Broken-Symmetry (BS) unrestricted DFT/ZINDO levels of theory. The tunneling orbitals were determined using an exact biorthogonalization scheme that uniquely separates pairs of tunneling orbitals with small overlaps out of the remaining Franck-Condon orbitals with significant overlap. Electron transfer rates in different redox pairs show exponential distance dependence, in agreement with the reported experimental data; some reactions involve coupled proton transfer. Proper treatment of a concerted two-electron bifurcated tunneling reaction at the Q(o) site is given.

Charge transfer from TiO2 into adsorbed benzene diazonium compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Merson, A.; Dittrich, Th.; Zidon, Y.; Rappich, J.; Shapira, Yoram

2004-08-01

Electron transfer from sol-gel-prepared TiO2 into adsorbed benzene diazonium compounds has been investigated using cyclic voltammetry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact potential difference, and surface photovoltage spectroscopy. The results show that the potential of maximum electron transfer depends strongly on the dipole moment of the benzene compound. Two reactive surface sites at which electron transfer occurs have been identified.

Direct Contact Heat Exchange Interfacial Phenomena for Liquid Metal Reactors: Part II - Void Fraction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abdulla, S.; Liu, X.; Anderson, M.H.

One concept being considered for steam generation in innovative nuclear reactor applications, involves water coming into direct contact with a circulating molten metal. The vigorous agitation of the two fluids, the direct liquid-liquid contact and the consequent large interfacial area can give rise to large heat transfer coefficients and rapid steam generation. For an optimum design of such direct contact heat exchange and vaporization systems, detailed knowledge is necessary of the various flow regimes, interfacial transport phenomena, heat transfer and operational stability. In order to investigate the interfacial transport phenomena, heat transfer and operational stability of direct liquid-liquid contact, amore » series of experiments are being performed in a 1-d test facility at Argonne National Laboratory and a 2-d experimental facility at UW-Madison. Each of the experimental facilities primarily consist of a liquid-metal melt chamber, heated test section (10 cm diameter tube for 1-d facility and 10 cm 50 cm rectangle for 2-d facility), water injection system and steam suppression tank. This paper is part II which, primarily addresses results and analysis of a set of preliminary experiments and void fraction measurements conducted in the 2-d facility at UW-Madison, part I deals with the heat transfer in the 1-d test facility at Argonne National Laboratory. A real-time high energy X-ray imaging system was developed and utilized to visualize the multiphase flow and measure line-average local void fractions, time-dependent void fraction distribution as well as estimates of the vapor bubble sizes and velocities. These measurements allowed us to determine the volumetric heat transfer coefficient and gain insight into the local heat transfer mechanisms. In this study, the images were captured at frame rates of 100 fps with spatial resolution of about 7 mm with a full-field view of a 15 cm square and five different positions along the test section height. The full-field average void fraction increases rapidly to about 15% in these preliminary tests, with the apparent boiling length of less than 20 cm. The volumetric heat transfer coefficient between the liquid metal and water are compared to the CRIEPI data, the only prior data for direct contact heat exchange for these liquid metal/water systems. (authors)« less

Regionalized and vectorial charges transferring of Cd1-xZnxS twin nanocrystal homojunctions for visible-light driven photocatalytic applications.

PubMed

Dong, Wanyue; Liu, Yutang; Zeng, Guangming; Zhang, Shuqu; Cai, Tao; Yuan, Jili; Chen, Hui; Gao, Jing; Liu, Chengbin

2018-05-15

In photocatalyst designing, quick recombination of photo-generated electron-hole pairs in the bulk or on the surface of semiconductors is a major limiting factor in achieving high photocatalytic efficiency, which is one of the most knotty scientific issues. For this purpose, a series of Cd 1-x Zn x S twin nanocrystal (NC) zinc blende/wurtzite (ZB/WZ) homojunctions photocatalysts were synthesized by a facile solvothermal route and innovatively employed in photocatalytic degradation. In sample Cd 0.6 Zn 0.4 S, ZB and WZ phases have the largest distribution and closest interconnection at atomic level. The type-II staggered band alignment formed between two phases made photo-generated electrons and holes spatially separated to ZB (away from twin plane) and WZ (to twin plane) regions, and the ordered arrangement of redox reaction's active sites was then realized inside a single semiconductor. Finally, photocatalytic activities of the samples were evaluated by degradation of methylene blue (MB) upon visible light irradiation. The optimal Cd 0.6 Zn 0.4 S NCs without any co-catalyst loading showed high photocatalytic activity with degradation efficiency of 95% in 80 min and performed excellent photostability. Furthermore, photocatalytic degradation and electron transfer mechanisms in Cd 0.6 Zn 0.4 S twin NCs are studied particularly. Inner twin structure homojunction has provided a new insight into the crystalline phase engineering. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Direct Observation of Excimer-Mediated Intramolecular Electron Transfer in a Cofacially-Stacked Perylene Bisimide Pair.

PubMed

Sung, Jooyoung; Nowak-Król, Agnieszka; Schlosser, Felix; Fimmel, Benjamin; Kim, Woojae; Kim, Dongho; Würthner, Frank

2016-07-27

We have elucidated excimer-mediated intramolecular electron transfer in cofacially stacked PBIs tethered by two phenylene-butadiynylene loops. The electron transfer between energetically equivalent PBIs is revealed by the simultaneous observation of the PBI radical anion and cation bands in the transient absorption spectra. The fluorescence decay time of the excimer states is in good agreement with the rise time of PBI radical bands in transient absorption spectra suggesting that the electron transfer dynamics proceed via the excimer state. We can conclude that the excimer state effectuates the efficient charge transfer in the cofacially stacked PBI dimer.

12 CFR 1005.6 - Liability of consumer for unauthorized transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... transfers. 1005.6 Section 1005.6 Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) General § 1005.6 Liability of consumer for unauthorized transfers. (a) Conditions... this section, for an unauthorized electronic fund transfer involving the consumer's account only if the...

12 CFR 1005.6 - Liability of consumer for unauthorized transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... transfers. 1005.6 Section 1005.6 Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) General § 1005.6 Liability of consumer for unauthorized transfers. (a) Conditions... this section, for an unauthorized electronic fund transfer involving the consumer's account only if the...

Single-Molecule Interfacial Electron Transfer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lu, H. Peter

This project is focused on the use of single-molecule high spatial and temporal resolved techniques to study molecular dynamics in condensed phase and at interfaces, especially, the complex reaction dynamics associated with electron and energy transfer rate processes. The complexity and inhomogeneity of the interfacial ET dynamics often present a major challenge for a molecular level comprehension of the intrinsically complex systems, which calls for both higher spatial and temporal resolutions at ultimate single-molecule and single-particle sensitivities. Combined single-molecule spectroscopy and electrochemical atomic force microscopy approaches are unique for heterogeneous and complex interfacial electron transfer systems because the static andmore » dynamic inhomogeneities can be identified and characterized by studying one molecule at a specific nanoscale surface site at a time. The goal of our project is to integrate and apply these spectroscopic imaging and topographic scanning techniques to measure the energy flow and electron flow between molecules and substrate surfaces as a function of surface site geometry and molecular structure. We have been primarily focusing on studying interfacial electron transfer under ambient condition and electrolyte solution involving both single crystal and colloidal TiO 2 and related substrates. The resulting molecular level understanding of the fundamental interfacial electron transfer processes will be important for developing efficient light harvesting systems and broadly applicable to problems in fundamental chemistry and physics. We have made significant advancement on deciphering the underlying mechanism of the complex and inhomogeneous interfacial electron transfer dynamics in dyesensitized TiO 2 nanoparticle systems that strongly involves with and regulated by molecule-surface interactions. We have studied interfacial electron transfer on TiO 2 nanoparticle surfaces by using ultrafast single-molecule spectroscopy and electrochemical AFM metal tip scanning microscopy, focusing on understanding the interfacial electron transfer dynamics at specific nanoscale electron transfer sites with high-spatially and temporally resolved topographic-and-spectroscopic characterization at individual molecule basis, characterizing single-molecule rate processes, reaction driving force, and molecule-substrate electronic coupling. One of the most significant characteristics of our new approach is that we are able to interrogate the complex interfacial electron transfer dynamics by actively pin-point energetic manipulation of the surface interaction and electronic couplings, beyond the conventional excitation and observation.« less

What Hinders Electron Transfer Dissociation (ETD) of DNA Cations?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hari, Yvonne; Leumann, Christian J.; Schürch, Stefan

2017-12-01

Radical activation methods, such as electron transfer dissociation (ETD), produce structural information complementary to collision-induced dissociation. Herein, electron transfer dissociation of 3-fold protonated DNA hexamers was studied to gain insight into the fragmentation mechanism. The fragmentation patterns of a large set of DNA hexamers confirm cytosine as the primary target of electron transfer. The reported data reveal backbone cleavage by internal electron transfer from the nucleobase to the phosphate linker leading either to a•/ w or d/ z• ion pairs. This reaction pathway contrasts with previous findings on the dissociation processes after electron capture by DNA cations, suggesting multiple, parallel dissociation channels. However, all these channels merely result in partial fragmentation of the precursor ion because the charge-reduced DNA radical cations are quite stable. Two hypotheses are put forward to explain the low dissociation yield of DNA radical cations: it is either attributed to non-covalent interactions between complementary fragments or to the stabilization of the unpaired electron in stacked nucleobases. MS3 experiments suggest that the charge-reduced species is the intact oligonucleotide. Moreover, introducing abasic sites significantly increases the dissociation yield of DNA cations. Consequently, the stabilization of the unpaired electron by π-π-stacking provides an appropriate rationale for the high intensity of DNA radical cations after electron transfer. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

75 FR 33681 - Electronic Fund Transfers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-15

... FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 12 CFR Part 205 [Regulation E; Docket No. R-1343] Electronic Fund Transfers June 4, 2010. AGENCY: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. ACTION: Final rule; correction..., published on June 4, 2010 (75 FR 31665) make the following correction: PART 205--ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS...

33 CFR 154.120 - Facility examinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Facility examinations. 154.120...) POLLUTION FACILITIES TRANSFERRING OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IN BULK General § 154.120 Facility examinations. (a) The facility operator shall allow the Coast Guard, at any time, to make any examination and shall...

Mexico's conditional cash transfer programme increases cesarean section rates among the rural poor.

PubMed

Barber, Sarah L

2010-08-01

Caesarean section rates are increasing in Mexico and Latin America. This study evaluates the impact of a large-scale, conditional cash transfer programme in Mexico on caesarean section rates. The programme provides cash transfers to participating low income, rural households in Mexico conditional on accepting health care and nutrition supplements. The primary analyses uses retrospective reports from 979 women in poor rural communities participating in an effectiveness study and randomly assigned to incorporation into the programme in 1998 or 1999 across seven Mexican states. Using multivariate and instrumental variable analyses, we estimate the impact of the programme on caesarean sections and predict the adjusted mean rates by clinical setting. Programme participation is measured by beneficiary status, programme months and cash transfers. More than two-thirds of poor rural women delivered in a health facility. Beneficiary status is associated with a 5.1 percentage point increase in caesarean rates; this impact increases to 7.5 percentage points for beneficiaries enrolled in the programme for >or=6 months before delivery. Beneficiaries had significantly higher caesarean delivery rates in social security facilities (24.0 compared with 5.6% among non-beneficiaries) and in other government facilities (19.3 compared with 9.5%). The Oportunidades conditional cash transfer programme is associated with higher caesarean section rates in social security and government health facilities. This effect appears to be driven by the increases in disposable income from the cash transfer. These findings are relevant to other countries implementing conditional cash transfer programmes and health care requirements.

Inner reorganization limiting electron transfer controlled hydrogen bonding: intra- vs. intermolecular effects.

PubMed

Martínez-González, Eduardo; Frontana, Carlos

2014-05-07

In this work, experimental evidence of the influence of the electron transfer kinetics during electron transfer controlled hydrogen bonding between anion radicals of metronidazole and ornidazole, derivatives of 5-nitro-imidazole, and 1,3-diethylurea as the hydrogen bond donor, is presented. Analysis of the variations of voltammetric EpIcvs. log KB[DH], where KB is the binding constant, allowed us to determine the values of the binding constant and also the electron transfer rate k, confirmed by experiments obtained at different scan rates. Electronic structure calculations at the BHandHLYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) level for metronidazole, including the solvent effect by the Cramer/Truhlar model, suggested that the minimum energy conformer is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. In this structure, the inner reorganization energy, λi,j, contributes significantly (0.5 eV) to the total reorganization energy of electron transfer, thus leading to a diminishment of the experimental k.

Development of a Simple Electron Transfer and Polarization Model and Its Application to Biological Systems.

PubMed

Diller, David J

2017-01-10

Here we present a new method for point charge calculation which we call Q ET (charges by electron transfer). The intent of this work is to develop a method that can be useful for studying charge transfer in large biological systems. It is based on the intuitive framework of the Q EQ method with the key difference being that the Q ET method tracks all pairwise electron transfers by augmenting the Q EQ pseudoenergy function with a distance dependent cost function for each electron transfer. This approach solves the key limitation of the Q EQ method which is its handling of formally charged groups. First, we parametrize the Q ET method by fitting to electrostatic potentials calculated using ab initio quantum mechanics on over 11,000 small molecules. On an external test set of over 2500 small molecules the Q ET method achieves a mean absolute error of 1.37 kcal/mol/electron when compared to the ab initio electrostatic potentials. Second, we examine the conformational dependence of the charges on over 2700 tripeptides. With the tripeptide data set, we show that the conformational effects account for approximately 0.4 kcal/mol/electron on the electrostatic potentials. Third, we test the Q ET method for its ability to reproduce the effects of polarization and electron transfer on 1000 water clusters. For the water clusters, we show that the Q ET method captures about 50% of the polarization and electron transfer effects. Finally, we examine the effects of electron transfer and polarizability on the electrostatic interaction between p38 and 94 small molecule ligands. When used in conjunction with the Generalized-Born continuum solvent model, polarization and electron transfer with the Q ET model lead to an average change of 17 kcal/mol on the calculated electrostatic component of ΔG.

Phylogenetic analysis of proteins associated in the four major energy metabolism systems: photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, denitrification, and sulfur respiration.

PubMed

Tomiki, Takeshi; Saitou, Naruya

2004-08-01

The four electron transfer energy metabolism systems, photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, denitrification, and sulfur respiration, are thought to be evolutionarily related because of the similarity of electron transfer patterns and the existence of some homologous proteins. How these systems have evolved is elusive. We therefore conducted a comprehensive homology search using PSI-BLAST, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted for the three homologous groups (groups 1-3) based on multiple alignments of domains defined in the Pfam database. There are five electron transfer types important for catalytic reaction in group 1, and many proteins bind molybdenum. Deletions of two domains led to loss of the function of binding molybdenum and ferredoxin, and these deletions seem to be critical for the electron transfer pattern changes in group 1. Two types of electron transfer were found in group 2, and all its member proteins bind siroheme and ferredoxin. Insertion of the pyridine nucleotide disulfide oxidoreductase domain seemed to be the critical point for the electron transfer pattern change in this group. The proteins belonging to group 3 are all flavin enzymes, and they bind flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) or flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Types of electron transfer in this group are divergent, but there are two common characteristics. NAD(P)H works as an electron donor or acceptor, and FAD or FMN transfers electrons from/to NAD(P)H. Electron transfer functions might be added to these common characteristics by the addition of functional domains through the evolution of group 3 proteins. Based on the phylogenetic analyses in this study and previous studies, we inferred the phylogeny of the energy metabolism systems as follows: photosynthesis (and possibly aerobic respiration) and the sulfur/nitrogen assimilation system first diverged, then the sulfur/nitrogen dissimilation system was produced from the latter system.

12 CFR 7.5002 - Furnishing of products and services by electronic means and facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Furnishing of products and services by... products and services by electronic means and facilities. (a) Use of electronic means and facilities. A... a collection of links to web sites of third-party vendors, organized by-product type and made...

Characterizing Peptide Neutral Losses Induced by Negative Electron-Transfer Dissociation (NETD)

PubMed Central

Rumachik, Neil G.; McAlister, Graeme C.; Russell, Jason D.; Bailey, Derek J.; Wenger, Craig D.; Coon, Joshua J.

2012-01-01

We implemented negative electron-transfer dissociation (NETD) on a hybrid ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometer to conduct ion/ion reactions using peptide anions and radical reagent cations. In addition to sequence-informative ladders of a•- and x-type fragment ions, NETD generated intense neutral loss peaks corresponding to the entire or partial side-chain cleavage from amino acids constituting a given peptide. Thus, a critical step towards the characterization of this recently introduced fragmentation technique is a systematic study of synthetic peptides to identify common neutral losses and preferential fragmentation pathways. Examining 46 synthetic peptides with high mass accuracy and high resolution analysis permitted facile determination of the chemical composition of each neutral loss. We identified 19 unique neutral losses from 14 amino acids and three modified amino acids, and assessed the specificity and sensitivity of each neutral loss using a database of 1542 confidently identified peptides generated from NETD shotgun experiments employing high-pH separations and negative electrospray ionization. As residue-specific neutral losses indicate the presence of certain amino acids, we determined that many neutral losses have potential diagnostic utility. We envision this catalogue of neutral losses being incorporated into database search algorithms to improve peptide identification specificity and to further advance characterization of the acidic proteome. PMID:22290482

Predicting the Rate Constant of Electron Tunneling Reactions at the CdSe-TiO2 Interface.

PubMed

Hines, Douglas A; Forrest, Ryan P; Corcelli, Steven A; Kamat, Prashant V

2015-06-18

Current interest in quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) motivates an understanding of the electron transfer dynamics at the quantum dot (QD)-metal oxide (MO) interface. Employing transient absorption spectroscopy, we have monitored the electron transfer rate (ket) at this interface as a function of the bridge molecules that link QDs to TiO2. Using mercaptoacetic acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 8-mercaptooctanoic acid, and 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid, we observe an exponential attenuation of ket with increasing linker length, and attribute this to the tunneling of the electron through the insulating linker molecule. We model the electron transfer reaction using both rectangular and trapezoidal barrier models that have been discussed in the literature. The one-electron reduction potential (equivalent to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) of each molecule as determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to estimate the effective barrier height presented by each ligand at the CdSe-TiO2 interface. The electron transfer rate (ket) calculated for each CdSe-ligand-TiO2 interface using both models showed the results in agreement with the experimentally determined trend. This demonstrates that electron transfer between CdSe and TiO2 can be viewed as electron tunneling through a layer of linking molecules and provides a useful method for predicting electron transfer rate constants.

Proton-coupled electron transfer versus hydrogen atom transfer: generation of charge-localized diabatic states.

PubMed

Sirjoosingh, Andrew; Hammes-Schiffer, Sharon

2011-03-24

The distinction between proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanisms is important for the characterization of many chemical and biological processes. PCET and HAT mechanisms can be differentiated in terms of electronically nonadiabatic and adiabatic proton transfer, respectively. In this paper, quantitative diagnostics to evaluate the degree of electron-proton nonadiabaticity are presented. Moreover, the connection between the degree of electron-proton nonadiabaticity and the physical characteristics distinguishing PCET from HAT, namely, the extent of electronic charge redistribution, is clarified. In addition, a rigorous diabatization scheme for transforming the adiabatic electronic states into charge-localized diabatic states for PCET reactions is presented. These diabatic states are constructed to ensure that the first-order nonadiabatic couplings with respect to the one-dimensional transferring hydrogen coordinate vanish exactly. Application of these approaches to the phenoxyl-phenol and benzyl-toluene systems characterizes the former as PCET and the latter as HAT. The diabatic states generated for the phenoxyl-phenol system possess physically meaningful, localized electronic charge distributions that are relatively invariant along the hydrogen coordinate. These diabatic electronic states can be combined with the associated proton vibrational states to generate the reactant and product electron-proton vibronic states that form the basis of nonadiabatic PCET theories. Furthermore, these vibronic states and the corresponding vibronic couplings may be used to calculate rate constants and kinetic isotope effects of PCET reactions.

49 CFR 225.37 - Optical media transfer and electronic submission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Optical media transfer and electronic submission..., AND INVESTIGATIONS § 225.37 Optical media transfer and electronic submission. (a) A railroad has the option of submitting the following reports, updates, and amendments by way of optical media (CD-ROM), or...

49 CFR 225.37 - Optical media transfer and electronic submission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Optical media transfer and electronic submission..., AND INVESTIGATIONS § 225.37 Optical media transfer and electronic submission. (a) A railroad has the option of submitting the following reports, updates, and amendments by way of optical media (CD-ROM), or...

49 CFR 225.37 - Optical media transfer and electronic submission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Optical media transfer and electronic submission..., AND INVESTIGATIONS § 225.37 Optical media transfer and electronic submission. (a) A railroad has the option of submitting the following reports, updates, and amendments by way of optical media (CD-ROM), or...

49 CFR 225.37 - Optical media transfer and electronic submission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Optical media transfer and electronic submission..., AND INVESTIGATIONS § 225.37 Optical media transfer and electronic submission. (a) A railroad has the option of submitting the following reports, updates, and amendments by way of optical media (CD-ROM), or...

76 FR 708 - Electronic Funds Transfer of Depository Taxes; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-06

... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Parts 1, 31, 40, and 301 [TD 9507] RIN 1545-BJ13 Electronic Funds Transfer of Depository Taxes; Correction AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service... Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). The temporary and final regulations provide rules under which depositors...

76 FR 709 - Electronic Funds Transfer of Depository Taxes; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-06

... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Parts 40 and 301 [TD 9507] RIN 1545-BJ13 Electronic Funds Transfer of Depository Taxes; Correction AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS...) providing guidance relating to Federal tax deposits (FTDs) by Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). The temporary...

78 FR 49365 - Electronic Fund Transfers (Regulation E); Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-14

... BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION 12 CFR Part 1005 [Docket No. CFPB-2012-0050] RIN 3170-AA33 Electronic Fund Transfers (Regulation E); Correction AGENCY: Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection. ACTION... 2013 Final Rule, which along with three other final rules \\1\\ implements the Electronic Fund Transfer...

75 FR 52485 - Electronic Funds Transfer of Depository Taxes; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-26

... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Parts 1, 31, 40, and 301 [REG-153340-09] RIN 1545-BJ13 Electronic Funds Transfer of Depository Taxes; Correction AGENCY: Internal Revenue... to Federal tax deposits (FTDs) by Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT...

76 FR 67153 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Submission for OMB Review; Payment by Electronic Fund Transfer

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-31

...; Submission for OMB Review; Payment by Electronic Fund Transfer AGENCY: Department of Defense (DOD), General... collection requirement concerning payment by electronic fund transfer. A notice was published in the Federal... technological collection techniques or other forms of information technology. DATES: Submit comments on or...

40 CFR Table I-2 to Subpart I - Examples of Fluorinated GHGs and Fluorinated Heat Transfer Fluids Used by the Electronics Industry

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Fluorinated Heat Transfer Fluids Used by the Electronics Industry I Table I-2 to Subpart I Protection of... REPORTING Electronics Manufacturing Pt. 98, Subpt. I, Table I-2 Table I-2 to Subpart I—Examples of Fluorinated GHGs and Fluorinated Heat Transfer Fluids Used by the Electronics Industry Product type...

On judgement of electron transfer between two regions divided by the separatrix of confronting divergent magnetic fields applied to an inductively coupled plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sugawara, Hirotake; Yamamoto, Tappei

2016-09-01

In order to quantitatively evaluate the electron confinement effect of the confronting divergent magnetic fields (CDMFs) applied to an inductively coupled plasma, we analyzed the electron transfer between two regions divided by the separatrix of the CDMFs in Ar at 0.67 Pa at 300 K using a Monte Carlo method. A conventional transfer judgement was simply based on the electron passage across the separatrix from the upstream source region to the downstream diffusion region. An issue was an overestimation of the transfer due to temporary stay of electrons in the downstream region. Electrons may pass the downstream region during their gyration even in case they are effectively bound to the upstream region, where their guiding magnetic flux lines run. More than half of the transfers were temporary ones and such seeming transfers were relevantly excluded from the statistics by introducing a newly chosen criterion based on the passage of electron gyrocenters across the separatrix and collisional events in the downstream region. Simulation results showed a tendency that the ratio of the temporary transfers excluded was higher under stronger magnetic fields because of higher cyclotron frequency. Work supported by JSPS Kakenhi Grant Number 16K05626.

The role of defects in Fe(II) – goethite electron transfer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Andrade de Notini, Luiza; Latta, Drew; Neumann, Anke

Despite accumulating experimental evidence for Fe(II)-Fe(III) oxide electron transfer, computational chemical calculations suggest that oxidation of sorbed Fe(II) is not energetically feasible unless defects are present. Here we used isotope specific 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy to investigate whether Fe(II)-goethite electron transfer is influenced by defects. Specifically, we heated the mineral to try to anneal the goethite surface and ground goethite to try to create defects. We found that heating goethite results in less oxidation of sorbed Fe(II) by goethite. When goethite was re-ground after heating, electron transfer was partially restored. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) ofmore » heated and ground goethite confirm that heating and grinding alter the surface structure of the goethite. We propose that the heating process annealed the surface and decreased the number of sites where electron transfer could occur. Our experimental findings suggest that surface defects play an important role in Fe(II)-goethite electron transfer as suggested by computational calculations. Our finding that defects influence heterogeneous Fe(II)-goethite electron transfer has important implications for Fe(II) driven recrystallization of Fe oxides, as well as X and Y.« less

Test facility for investigation of heat transfer of promising coolants for the nuclear power industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belyaev, I. A.; Sviridov, V. G.; Batenin, V. M.; Biryukov, D. A.; Nikitina, I. S.; Manchkha, S. P.; Pyatnitskaya, N. Yu.; Razuvanov, N. G.; Sviridov, E. V.

2017-11-01

The results are presented of experimental investigations into liquid metal heat transfer performed by the joint research group consisting of specialist in heat transfer and hydrodynamics from NIU MPEI and JIHT RAS. The program of experiments has been prepared considering the concept of development of the nuclear power industry in Russia. This concept calls for, in addition to extensive application of water-cooled, water-moderated (VVER-type) power reactors and BN-type sodium cooled fast reactors, development of the new generation of BREST-type reactors, fusion power reactors, and thermonuclear neutron sources. The basic coolants for these nuclear power installations will be heavy liquid metals, such as lead and lithium-lead alloy. The team of specialists from NRU MPEI and JIHT RAS commissioned a new RK-3 mercury MHD-test facility. The major components of this test facility are a unique electrical magnet constructed at Budker Nuclear Physics Institute and a pressurized liquid metal circuit. The test facility is designed for investigating upward and downward liquid metal flows in channels of various cross-sections in a transverse magnetic field. A probe procedure will be used for experimental investigation into heat transfer and hydrodynamics as well as for measuring temperature, velocity, and flow parameter fluctuations. It is generally adopted that liquid metals are the best coolants for the Tokamak reactors. However, alternative coolants should be sought for. As an alternative to liquid metal coolants, molten salts, such as fluorides of lithium and beryllium (so-called FLiBes) or fluorides of alkali metals (so-called FLiNaK) doped with uranium fluoride, can be used. That is why the team of specialists from NRU MPEI and JIHT RAS, in parallel with development of a mercury MHD test facility, is designing a test facility for simulating molten salt heat transfer and hydrodynamics. Since development of this test facility requires numerical predictions and verification of numerical codes, all examined configurations of the MHD flow are also investigated numerically.

28 CFR 570.35 - Transfer furlough eligibility requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... facility based on the inmate's security designation and custody classification at the time of transfer. (d... security designation and custody classification at the time of transfer. ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Transfer furlough eligibility...

28 CFR 570.35 - Transfer furlough eligibility requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... facility based on the inmate's security designation and custody classification at the time of transfer. (d... security designation and custody classification at the time of transfer. ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Transfer furlough eligibility...

28 CFR 570.35 - Transfer furlough eligibility requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... facility based on the inmate's security designation and custody classification at the time of transfer. (d... security designation and custody classification at the time of transfer. ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Transfer furlough eligibility...

28 CFR 570.35 - Transfer furlough eligibility requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... facility based on the inmate's security designation and custody classification at the time of transfer. (d... security designation and custody classification at the time of transfer. ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Transfer furlough eligibility...

Effect of group electronegativity on electron transfer in bis(hydrazine) radical cations.

PubMed

Qin, Haimei; Zhong, Xinxin; Si, Yubing; Zhang, Weiwei; Zhao, Yi

2011-04-14

The radical cation of 4,10-ditert-butyl-5,9-diisopropyl-4,5,9,10-tetraazatetracyclo[6.2.2.2]-tetradecane (sBI4T(+)), as well as its substituted bis(hydrazine) radical cations, is chosen for the investigation of the electronegativity dependence of its intramolecular electron transfer. To do so, two parameters, reorganization energy and electronic coupling, are calculated with several ab initio approaches. It is found that the electronic couplings decrease with the increase of the group electronegativity while the reorganization energies do not show an explicit dependency. Furthermore, Marcus formula is employed to reveal those effect on the electron transfer rates. The predicted rates of electron transfer generally decrease with increasing group electronegativity, although not monotonically.

46 CFR 108.239 - Fuel transfer equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Fuel transfer equipment. 108.239 Section 108.239... AND EQUIPMENT Construction and Arrangement Helicopter Facilities § 108.239 Fuel transfer equipment. (a... static grounding device. (d) Each electric fuel transfer pump must have a control with a fuel transfer...

33 CFR 156.115 - Person in charge: Limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... transfer operations on more than one vessel at a time during transfers between vessels or between two or... (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL TRANSFER OPERATIONS Oil and Hazardous Material Transfer... charge of both a vessel and a facility during transfer operations unless authorized by the COTP. [CGD 75...

33 CFR 156.115 - Person in charge: Limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... transfer operations on more than one vessel at a time during transfers between vessels or between two or... (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL TRANSFER OPERATIONS Oil and Hazardous Material Transfer... charge of both a vessel and a facility during transfer operations unless authorized by the COTP. [CGD 75...

33 CFR 156.115 - Person in charge: Limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... transfer operations on more than one vessel at a time during transfers between vessels or between two or... (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL TRANSFER OPERATIONS Oil and Hazardous Material Transfer... charge of both a vessel and a facility during transfer operations unless authorized by the COTP. [CGD 75...

33 CFR 156.115 - Person in charge: Limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... transfer operations on more than one vessel at a time during transfers between vessels or between two or... (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL TRANSFER OPERATIONS Oil and Hazardous Material Transfer... charge of both a vessel and a facility during transfer operations unless authorized by the COTP. [CGD 75...

33 CFR 156.115 - Person in charge: Limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... transfer operations on more than one vessel at a time during transfers between vessels or between two or... (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL TRANSFER OPERATIONS Oil and Hazardous Material Transfer... charge of both a vessel and a facility during transfer operations unless authorized by the COTP. [CGD 75...

Evaluation of ceiling lifts: transfer time, patient comfort and staff perceptions.

PubMed

Alamgir, Hasanat; Li, Olivia Wei; Yu, Shicheng; Gorman, Erin; Fast, Catherine; Kidd, Catherine

2009-09-01

Mechanical lifting devices have been developed to reduce healthcare worker injuries related to patient handling. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ceiling lifts in comparison to floor lifts based on transfer time, patient comfort and staff perceptions in three long-term care facilities with varying ceiling lift coverage. The time required to transfer or reposition patients along with patient comfort levels were recorded for 119 transfers. Transfers performed with ceiling lifts required on average less time (bed to chair transfers: 156.9 seconds for ceiling lift, 273.6 seconds for floor lift) and were found to be more comfortable for patients. In the three facilities, 143 healthcare workers were surveyed on their perceptions of patient handling tasks and equipment. For both transferring and repositioning tasks, staff preferred to use ceiling lifts and also found them to be less physically demanding. Further investigation is needed on repositioning tasks to ensure safe practice.

Co-modification of amorphous-Ti(IV) hole cocatalyst and Ni(OH)2 electron cocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic H2-production performance of TiO2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Ping; Lu, Yanggang; Wang, Xuefei; Yu, Huogen

2017-01-01

Highly efficient TiO2 photocatalysts co-modified by amorphous-Ti(IV) hole cocatalyst and Ni(OH)2 electron cocatalyst (referred to as Ni(OH)2-Ti(IV)/TiO2) were prepared by facile two-step process which was the initial formation of amorphous Ti(IV) on the TiO2 surface via hydrolysis method and the following formation of Ni(OH)2 via precipitation reaction. It was found that the Ni(OH)2-Ti(IV)/TiO2 showed obviously high hydrogen-production performance. When the amount of Ni(OH)2 and Ti(IV) was 1 wt% and 0.1 wt%, respectively, the hydrogen-production rate of the resultant Ni(OH)2-Ti(IV)/TiO2 reached 7280.04 μmol h-1 g-1, which was significantly higher than that of TiO2, Ti(IV)/TiO2 and Ni(OH)2/TiO2 by a factor of 215, 63 and 1.8, respectively. Moreover, it was found that Ni(OH)2-Ti(IV)/TiO2 photocatalyst preserved a steady and highly efficient H2-production performance during repeated tests and also exhibited a high transient photocurrent density. The enhanced hydrogen-production performance of Ni(OH)2-Ti(IV)/TiO2 can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Ti(IV) hole cocatalyst and Ni(OH)2 electron cocatalyst to simultaneously accelerate the interfacial transfer of photogenerated holes and electrons. The present surface modification of dual cocatalysts can be regarded as one of the ideal strategies for the preparation of highly efficient hydrogen-production materials in view of their abundance, low cost and facile method.

Minimizing human error in radiopharmaceutical preparation and administration via a bar code-enhanced nuclear pharmacy management system.

PubMed

Hakala, John L; Hung, Joseph C; Mosman, Elton A

2012-09-01

The objective of this project was to ensure correct radiopharmaceutical administration through the use of a bar code system that links patient and drug profiles with on-site information management systems. This new combined system would minimize the amount of manual human manipulation, which has proven to be a primary source of error. The most common reason for dosing errors is improper patient identification when a dose is obtained from the nuclear pharmacy or when a dose is administered. A standardized electronic transfer of information from radiopharmaceutical preparation to injection will further reduce the risk of misadministration. Value stream maps showing the flow of the patient dose information, as well as potential points of human error, were developed. Next, a future-state map was created that included proposed corrections for the most common critical sites of error. Transitioning the current process to the future state will require solutions that address these sites. To optimize the future-state process, a bar code system that links the on-site radiology management system with the nuclear pharmacy management system was proposed. A bar-coded wristband connects the patient directly to the electronic information systems. The bar code-enhanced process linking the patient dose with the electronic information reduces the number of crucial points for human error and provides a framework to ensure that the prepared dose reaches the correct patient. Although the proposed flowchart is designed for a site with an in-house central nuclear pharmacy, much of the framework could be applied by nuclear medicine facilities using unit doses. An electronic connection between information management systems to allow the tracking of a radiopharmaceutical from preparation to administration can be a useful tool in preventing the mistakes that are an unfortunate reality for any facility.

Dynamics and mechanism of UV-damaged DNA repair in indole-thymine dimer adduct: molecular origin of low repair quantum efficiency.

PubMed

Guo, Xunmin; Liu, Zheyun; Song, Qinhua; Wang, Lijuan; Zhong, Dongping

2015-02-26

Many biomimetic chemical systems for repair of UV-damaged DNA showed very low repair efficiency, and the molecular origin is still unknown. Here, we report our systematic characterization of the repair dynamics of a model compound of indole-thymine dimer adduct in three solvents with different polarity. By resolving all elementary steps including three electron-transfer processes and two bond-breaking and bond-formation dynamics with femtosecond resolution, we observed the slow electron injection in 580 ps in water, 4 ns in acetonitrile, and 1.38 ns in dioxane, the fast back electron transfer without repair in 120, 150, and 180 ps, and the slow bond splitting in 550 ps, 1.9 ns, and 4.5 ns, respectively. The dimer bond cleavage is clearly accelerated by the solvent polarity. By comparing with the biological repair machine photolyase with a slow back electron transfer (2.4 ns) and a fast bond cleavage (90 ps), the low repair efficiency in the biomimetic system is mainly determined by the fast back electron transfer and slow bond breakage. We also found that the model system exists in a dynamic heterogeneous C-clamped conformation, leading to a stretched dynamic behavior. In water, we even identified another stacked form with ultrafast cyclic electron transfer, significantly reducing the repair efficiency. Thus, the comparison of the repair efficiency in different solvents is complicated and should be cautious, and only the dynamics by resolving all elementary steps can finally determine the total repair efficiency. Finally, we use the Marcus electron-transfer theory to analyze all electron-transfer reactions and rationalize all observed electron-transfer dynamics.

Electron shuttles in biotechnology.

PubMed

Watanabe, Kazuya; Manefield, Mike; Lee, Matthew; Kouzuma, Atsushi

2009-12-01

Electron-shuttling compounds (electron shuttles [ESs], or redox mediators) are essential components in intracellular electron transfer, while microbes also utilize self-produced and naturally present ESs for extracellular electron transfer. These compounds assist in microbial energy metabolism by facilitating electron transfer between microbes, from electron-donating substances to microbes, and/or from microbes to electron-accepting substances. Artificially supplemented ESs can create new routes of electron flow in the microbial energy metabolism, thereby opening up new possibilities for the application of microbes to biotechnology processes. Typical examples of such processes include halogenated-organics bioremediation, azo-dye decolorization, and microbial fuel cells. Herein we suggest that ESs can be applied widely to create new microbial biotechnology processes.

Measuring GE^n at High Momentum Transfer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feuerbach, Robert

2006-11-01

A precision measurement of the electric form-factor of the neutron, GE^n, at Q^2 up to 3.5 GeV^2 was recently completed in Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility(Jefferson Lab). The ratio of the electric to magnetic form-factors of the neutron, GE^n/GM^n, was measured through the beam-target asymmetry A of electrons quasi-elastically scattered off neutrons in the reaction ^3He(e,e' n). The experiment took advantage of recent developments of the electron beam and target, as well as two detectors new to Jefferson Lab. The measurement used the accelerator's 100% duty-cycle high-polarization (typically 84%) electron beam and a new, hybrid optically-pumped polarized ^3He target which achieved in-beam polarizations in excess of 50%. A medium acceptance (80msr) open-geometry magnetic spectrometer (BigBite) detected the scattered electron, while a newly contructed neutron detector observed the released neutron. An overview of the experiment and the experimental motivation will be discussed, in particular the large range of predictions from modern calculations for GE^n at this relatively high Q^2. Finally, the analysis progress and preliminary results will be presented.

End State Condition Report for Materials and Fuels Complex Facilities MFC-799, 799A, and 770C

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gary Mecham

2010-10-01

The Materials and Fuels Complex (MFC) facilities MFC-799, “Sodium Processing Facility” (a single building consisting of two areas: the Sodium Process Area and the Carbonate Process Area); MFC-799A, “Caustic Storage Area;” and MFC-770C, “Nuclear Calibration Laboratory,” have been declared excess to future Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy(NE) mission requirements. Transfer of these facilities from NE to the DOE Office of Environmental Management (EM), and an associated schedule for doing so, have been agreed upon by the two offices. This report documents the completion of pre-transfer stabilization actions, as identified in DOE Guide 430.1-5, “Transition Implementation Guide,” formore » buildings MFC-799/799A and 770C, and indicates that these facilities are ready for transfer from NE to EM. The facilities are in a known, safe condition and information is provided to support efficient decommissioning and demolition (D&D) planning while minimizing the possibility of encountering unforeseen circumstances during the D&D activities.« less

Incorporation of charge transfer into the explicit polarization fragment method by grand canonical density functional theory.

PubMed

Isegawa, Miho; Gao, Jiali; Truhlar, Donald G

2011-08-28

Molecular fragmentation algorithms provide a powerful approach to extending electronic structure methods to very large systems. Here we present a method for including charge transfer between molecular fragments in the explicit polarization (X-Pol) fragment method for calculating potential energy surfaces. In the conventional X-Pol method, the total charge of each fragment is preserved, and charge transfer between fragments is not allowed. The description of charge transfer is made possible by treating each fragment as an open system with respect to the number of electrons. To achieve this, we applied Mermin's finite temperature method to the X-Pol wave function. In the application of this method to X-Pol, the fragments are open systems that partially equilibrate their number of electrons through a quasithermodynamics electron reservoir. The number of electrons in a given fragment can take a fractional value, and the electrons of each fragment obey the Fermi-Dirac distribution. The equilibrium state for the electrons is determined by electronegativity equalization with conservation of the total number of electrons. The amount of charge transfer is controlled by re-interpreting the temperature parameter in the Fermi-Dirac distribution function as a coupling strength parameter. We determined this coupling parameter so as to reproduce the charge transfer energy obtained by block localized energy decomposition analysis. We apply the new method to ten systems, and we show that it can yield reasonable approximations to potential energy profiles, to charge transfer stabilization energies, and to the direction and amount of charge transferred. © 2011 American Institute of Physics

Incorporation of charge transfer into the explicit polarization fragment method by grand canonical density functional theory

PubMed Central

Isegawa, Miho; Gao, Jiali; Truhlar, Donald G.

2011-01-01

Molecular fragmentation algorithms provide a powerful approach to extending electronic structure methods to very large systems. Here we present a method for including charge transfer between molecular fragments in the explicit polarization (X-Pol) fragment method for calculating potential energy surfaces. In the conventional X-Pol method, the total charge of each fragment is preserved, and charge transfer between fragments is not allowed. The description of charge transfer is made possible by treating each fragment as an open system with respect to the number of electrons. To achieve this, we applied Mermin's finite temperature method to the X-Pol wave function. In the application of this method to X-Pol, the fragments are open systems that partially equilibrate their number of electrons through a quasithermodynamics electron reservoir. The number of electrons in a given fragment can take a fractional value, and the electrons of each fragment obey the Fermi–Dirac distribution. The equilibrium state for the electrons is determined by electronegativity equalization with conservation of the total number of electrons. The amount of charge transfer is controlled by re-interpreting the temperature parameter in the Fermi–Dirac distribution function as a coupling strength parameter. We determined this coupling parameter so as to reproduce the charge transfer energy obtained by block localized energy decomposition analysis. We apply the new method to ten systems, and we show that it can yield reasonable approximations to potential energy profiles, to charge transfer stabilization energies, and to the direction and amount of charge transferred. PMID:21895159

Using the plasmon linewidth to calculate the time and efficiency of electron transfer between gold nanorods and graphene.

PubMed

Hoggard, Anneli; Wang, Lin-Yung; Ma, Lulu; Fang, Ying; You, Ge; Olson, Jana; Liu, Zheng; Chang, Wei-Shun; Ajayan, Pulickel M; Link, Stephan

2013-12-23

We present a quantitative analysis of the electron transfer between single gold nanorods and monolayer graphene under no electrical bias. Using single-particle dark-field scattering and photoluminescence spectroscopy to access the homogeneous linewidth, we observe broadening of the surface plasmon resonance for gold nanorods on graphene compared to nanorods on a quartz substrate. Because of the absence of spectral plasmon shifts, dielectric interactions between the gold nanorods and graphene are not important and we instead assign the plasmon damping to charge transfer between plasmon-generated hot electrons and the graphene that acts as an efficient acceptor. Analysis of the plasmon linewidth yields an average electron transfer time of 160 ± 30 fs, which is otherwise difficult to measure directly in the time domain with single-particle sensitivity. In comparison to intrinsic hot electron decay and radiative relaxation, we furthermore calculate from the plasmon linewidth that charge transfer between the gold nanorods and the graphene support occurs with an efficiency of ∼10%. Our results are important for future applications of light harvesting with metal nanoparticle plasmons and efficient hot electron acceptors as well as for understanding hot electron transfer in plasmon-assisted chemical reactions.

Sensitization of ultra-long-range excited-state electron transfer by energy transfer in a polymerized film

PubMed Central

Ito, Akitaka; Stewart, David J.; Fang, Zhen; Brennaman, M. Kyle; Meyer, Thomas J.

2012-01-01

Distance-dependent energy transfer occurs from the Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer (MLCT) excited state to an anthracene-acrylate derivative (Acr-An) incorporated into the polymer network of a semirigid poly(ethyleneglycol)dimethacrylate monolith. Following excitation, to Acr-An triplet energy transfer occurs followed by long-range, Acr-3An—Acr-An → Acr-An—Acr-3An, energy migration. With methyl viologen dication (MV2+) added as a trap, Acr-3An + MV2+ → Acr-An+ + MV+ electron transfer results in sensitized electron transfer quenching over a distance of approximately 90 Å. PMID:22949698

40 CFR Table I-2 to Subpart I of... - Examples of Fluorinated GHGs and Fluorinated Heat Transfer Fluids Used by the Electronics Industry

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Fluorinated Heat Transfer Fluids Used by the Electronics Industry I Table I-2 to Subpart I of Part 98... GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Electronics Manufacturing Pt. 98, Subpt. I, Table I-2 Table I-2 to Subpart I of Part 98—Examples of Fluorinated GHGs and Fluorinated Heat Transfer Fluids Used by the Electronics Industry...

Hospital to Post-Acute Care Facility Transfers: Identifying Targets for Information Exchange Quality Improvement.

PubMed

Jones, Christine D; Cumbler, Ethan; Honigman, Benjamin; Burke, Robert E; Boxer, Rebecca S; Levy, Cari; Coleman, Eric A; Wald, Heidi L

2017-01-01

Information exchange is critical to high-quality care transitions from hospitals to post-acute care (PAC) facilities. We conducted a survey to evaluate the completeness and timeliness of information transfer and communication between a tertiary-care academic hospital and its related PAC facilities. This was a cross-sectional Web-based 36-question survey of 110 PAC clinicians and staff representing 31 PAC facilities conducted between October and December 2013. We received responses from 71 of 110 individuals representing 29 of 31 facilities (65% and 94% response rates). We collapsed 4-point Likert responses into dichotomous variables to reflect completeness (sufficient vs insufficient) and timeliness (timely vs not timely) for information transfer and communication. Among respondents, 32% reported insufficient information about discharge medical conditions and management plan, and 83% reported at least occasionally encountering problems directly related to inadequate information from the hospital. Hospital clinician contact information was the most common insufficient domain. With respect to timeliness, 86% of respondents desired receipt of a discharge summary on or before the day of discharge, but only 58% reported receiving the summary within this time frame. Through free-text responses, several participants expressed the need for paper prescriptions for controlled pain medications to be sent with patients at the time of transfer. Staff and clinicians at PAC facilities perceive substantial deficits in content and timeliness of information exchange between the hospital and facilities. Such deficits are particularly relevant in the context of the increasing prevalence of bundled payments for care across settings as well as forthcoming readmissions penalties for PAC facilities. Targets identified for quality improvement include structuring discharge summary information to include information identified as deficient by respondents, completion of discharge summaries before discharge to PAC facilities, and provision of hard-copy opioid prescriptions at discharge. Copyright © 2016 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

48 CFR 252.232-7011 - Payments in Support of Emergencies and Contingency Operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

.... Internal Revenue Code. (ix) Electronic funds transfer banking information. (A) The Contractor shall include electronic funds transfer banking information on the invoice only if required elsewhere in this contract. (B) If electronic funds transfer banking information is not required to be on the invoice, in order for...

76 FR 52862 - Time for Payment of Certain Excise Taxes, and Quarterly Excise Tax Payments for Small Alcohol...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-24

... 40 Cigars and cigarettes, Claims, Electronic fund transfers, Excise taxes, Labeling, Packaging and... that are not required to pay taxes through electronic funds transfer (EFT), this first payment period..., Electronic funds transfers, Excise taxes, Exports, Food additives, Fruit juices, Labeling, Liquors, Packaging...

Self-assembled hierarchical carbon/g-C3N4 composite with high photocatalytic activity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Ru-Long; Huang, Wei-Qing; Li, Dong-Feng; Ma, Li-Li; Pan, Anlian; Hu, Wangyu; Fan, Xiaoxing; Huang, Gui-Fang

2018-04-01

Hierarchical carbon/g-C3N4 composites consisting of nanosheets are synthesized by a direct thermal diffusion and exfoliation approach with glucose acting as the intercalator and carbon source. This facile protocol not only renders nanosheets with a large surface area, but also carbon intercalation into the interlayer of g-C3N4. Therefore, the synthesized carbon/g-C3N4 composites exhibit superior photocatalytic performance for degrading representative methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiatuon. Carbon/g-C3N4 composites with an optimal glucose mass ratio of 0.25% show the apparent reaction rate constant of 0.253 h-1, which is 9 times higher than that over bluk g-C3N4. The superior photocatalytic performance of carbon/g-C3N4 hierarchical architectures can be attributed to the synergic effects of large reactive sites, effective visible light adsorption and faster charge transfer owing to the superior electron transfer ability of carbon as verified by the PL and photoelectrochemical measurements. The main reactive species responsible for the photocatalytic degradation are photoinduced holes and ·OH radicals under visible light irradiation. This work provides a facile way to fabricate effecient g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for the potential application in dealing with environmental and energy shortage issues using solar energy.

Aligning Ag Nanowires by a Facile Bioinspired Directional Liquid Transfer: Toward Anisotropic Flexible Conductive Electrodes.

PubMed

Meng, Lili; Bian, Ruixin; Guo, Cheng; Xu, Bojie; Liu, Huan; Jiang, Lei

2018-06-01

Recent years have witnessed the booming development of transparent flexible electrodes (TFEs) for their applications in electronics and optoelectronic devices. Various strategies have thus been developed for preparing TFEs with higher flexibility and conductivity. However, little work has focused on TFEs with anisotropic conductivity. Here, a facile strategy of directional liquid transfer is proposed, guided by a conical fibers array (CFA), based on which silver nanowires (AgNWs) are aligned on a soft poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate in large scale. After further coating a second thin layer of the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), a TFE with notable anisotropic conductivity and excellent optical transmittance of 95.2% is prepared. It is proposed that the CFA enables fine control over the receding of the three-phase contact line during the dewetting process, where AgNWs are guided and aligned by the as-generated directional stress. Moreover, anisotropic electrochemical deposition is enabled where the Cu nanoparticles deposit only on the oriented AgNWs, leading to a surface with anisotropic wetting behavior. Importantly, the approach enables alignment of AgNWs via multiple directions at one step. It is envisioned that the as-developed approach will provide an optional approach for simple and low-cost preparation of TFE with various functions. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

A facile, sensitive, and highly specific trinitrophenol assay based on target-induced synergetic effects of acid induction and electron transfer towards DNA-templated copper nanoclusters.

PubMed

Li, Haiyin; Chang, Jiafu; Hou, Ting; Ge, Lei; Li, Feng

2016-11-01

Reliable, selective and sensitive approaches for trinitrophenol (TNP) detection are highly desirable with respect to national security and environmental protection. Herein, a simple and novel fluorescent strategy for highly sensitive and specific TNP assay has been successfully developed, which is based on the quenching of the fluorescent poly(thymine)-templated copper nanoclusters (DNA-CuNCs), through the synergetic effects of acid induction and electron transfer. Upon the addition of TNP, donor-acceptor complexes between the electron-deficient nitro-groups in TNP and the electron-donating DNA templates are formed, resulting in the close proximity between TNP and CuNCs. Moreover, the acidity of TNP contributes to the pH decrease of the system. These factors combine to dramatically quench the fluorescence of DNA-CuNCs, providing a "signal-off" strategy for TNP sensing. The as-proposed strategy demonstrates high sensitivity for TNP assay, and a detection limit of 0.03μM is obtained, which is lower than those reported by using organic fluorescent materials. More significantly, this approach shows outstanding selectivity over a number of TNP analogues, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), 3-nitrophenol (NP), nitrobenzene (NB), phenol (BP), and toluene (BT). Compared with previous studies, this method does not need complex DNA sequence design, fluorescent dye labeling, or sophisticated organic reactions, rendering the strategy with additional advantages of simplicity and cost-effectiveness. In addition, the as-proposed strategy has been adopted for the detection of TNP in natural water samples, indicating its great potential to be applied in the fields of public safety and environmental monitoring. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Co-adsorption of water and oxygen on GaN: Effects of charge transfer and formation of electron depletion layer.

PubMed

Wang, Qi; Puntambekar, Ajinkya; Chakrapani, Vidhya

2017-09-14

Species from ambient atmosphere such as water and oxygen are known to affect electronic and optical properties of GaN, but the underlying mechanism is not clearly known. In this work, we show through careful measurement of electrical resistivity and photoluminescence intensity under various adsorbates that the presence of oxygen or water vapor alone is not sufficient to induce electron transfer to these species. Rather, the presence of both water and oxygen is necessary to induce electron transfer from GaN that leads to the formation of an electron depletion region on the surface. Exposure to acidic gases decreases n-type conductivity due to increased electron transfer from GaN, while basic gases increase n-type conductivity and PL intensity due to reduced charge transfer from GaN. These changes in the electrical and optical properties, as explained using a new electrochemical framework based on the phenomenon of surface transfer doping, suggest that gases interact with the semiconductor surface through electrochemical reactions occurring in an adsorbed water layer present on the surface.

The interaction of trimethylamine dehydrogenase and electron-transferring flavoprotein.

PubMed

Shi, Weiwei; Mersfelder, John; Hille, Russ

2005-05-27

The interaction between the physiological electron transfer partners trimethylamine dehydrogenase (TMADH) and electron-transferring flavoprotein (ETF) from Methylophilus methylotrophus has been examined with particular regard to the proposal that the former protein "imprints" a conformational change on the latter. The results indicate that the absorbance change previously attributed to changes in the environment of the FAD of ETF upon binding to TMADH is instead caused by electron transfer from partially reduced, as-isolated TMADH to ETF. Prior treatment of the as-isolated enzyme with the oxidant ferricenium essentially abolishes the observed spectral change. Further, when the semiquinone form of ETF is used instead of the oxidized form, the mirror image of the spectral change seen with as-isolated TMADH and oxidized ETF is observed. This is attributable to a small amount of electron transfer in the reverse of the physiological direction. Kinetic determination of the dissociation constant and limiting rate constant for electron transfer within the complex of (reduced) TMADH with (oxidized) ETF is reconfirmed and discussed in the context of a recently proposed model for the interaction between the two proteins that involves "structural imprinting" of ETF.

33 CFR 126.15 - What conditions must a designated waterfront facility meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... NFPA 307, chapter 5. (2) Containers. Containers packed with dangerous cargo that are vertically stacked... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) WATERFRONT FACILITIES HANDLING OF DANGEROUS CARGO AT WATERFRONT FACILITIES... facility transfers dangerous cargo between sunset and sunrise, it must have outdoor lighting that...

33 CFR 126.15 - What conditions must a designated waterfront facility meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... NFPA 307, chapter 5. (2) Containers. Containers packed with dangerous cargo that are vertically stacked... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) WATERFRONT FACILITIES HANDLING OF DANGEROUS CARGO AT WATERFRONT FACILITIES... facility transfers dangerous cargo between sunset and sunrise, it must have outdoor lighting that...

33 CFR 126.15 - What conditions must a designated waterfront facility meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... NFPA 307, chapter 5. (2) Containers. Containers packed with dangerous cargo that are vertically stacked... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) WATERFRONT FACILITIES HANDLING OF DANGEROUS CARGO AT WATERFRONT FACILITIES... facility transfers dangerous cargo between sunset and sunrise, it must have outdoor lighting that...

33 CFR 126.15 - What conditions must a designated waterfront facility meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... NFPA 307, chapter 5. (2) Containers. Containers packed with dangerous cargo that are vertically stacked... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) WATERFRONT FACILITIES HANDLING OF DANGEROUS CARGO AT WATERFRONT FACILITIES... facility transfers dangerous cargo between sunset and sunrise, it must have outdoor lighting that...

33 CFR 126.15 - What conditions must a designated waterfront facility meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... NFPA 307, chapter 5. (2) Containers. Containers packed with dangerous cargo that are vertically stacked... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) WATERFRONT FACILITIES HANDLING OF DANGEROUS CARGO AT WATERFRONT FACILITIES... facility transfers dangerous cargo between sunset and sunrise, it must have outdoor lighting that...

Protein electron transfer: Dynamics and statistics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matyushov, Dmitry V.

2013-07-01

Electron transfer between redox proteins participating in energy chains of biology is required to proceed with high energetic efficiency, minimizing losses of redox energy to heat. Within the standard models of electron transfer, this requirement, combined with the need for unidirectional (preferably activationless) transitions, is translated into the need to minimize the reorganization energy of electron transfer. This design program is, however, unrealistic for proteins whose active sites are typically positioned close to the polar and flexible protein-water interface to allow inter-protein electron tunneling. The high flexibility of the interfacial region makes both the hydration water and the surface protein layer act as highly polar solvents. The reorganization energy, as measured by fluctuations, is not minimized, but rather maximized in this region. Natural systems in fact utilize the broad breadth of interfacial electrostatic fluctuations, but in the ways not anticipated by the standard models based on equilibrium thermodynamics. The combination of the broad spectrum of static fluctuations with their dispersive dynamics offers the mechanism of dynamical freezing (ergodicity breaking) of subsets of nuclear modes on the time of reaction/residence of the electron at a redox cofactor. The separation of time-scales of nuclear modes coupled to electron transfer allows dynamical freezing. In particular, the separation between the relaxation time of electro-elastic fluctuations of the interface and the time of conformational transitions of the protein caused by changing redox state results in dynamical freezing of the latter for sufficiently fast electron transfer. The observable consequence of this dynamical freezing is significantly different reorganization energies describing the curvature at the bottom of electron-transfer free energy surfaces (large) and the distance between their minima (Stokes shift, small). The ratio of the two reorganization energies establishes the parameter by which the energetic efficiency of protein electron transfer is increased relative to the standard expectations, thus minimizing losses of energy to heat. Energetically efficient electron transfer occurs in a chain of conformationally quenched cofactors and is characterized by flattened free energy surfaces, reminiscent of the flat and rugged landscape at the stability basin of a folded protein.

Protein electron transfer: Dynamics and statistics.

PubMed

Matyushov, Dmitry V

2013-07-14

Electron transfer between redox proteins participating in energy chains of biology is required to proceed with high energetic efficiency, minimizing losses of redox energy to heat. Within the standard models of electron transfer, this requirement, combined with the need for unidirectional (preferably activationless) transitions, is translated into the need to minimize the reorganization energy of electron transfer. This design program is, however, unrealistic for proteins whose active sites are typically positioned close to the polar and flexible protein-water interface to allow inter-protein electron tunneling. The high flexibility of the interfacial region makes both the hydration water and the surface protein layer act as highly polar solvents. The reorganization energy, as measured by fluctuations, is not minimized, but rather maximized in this region. Natural systems in fact utilize the broad breadth of interfacial electrostatic fluctuations, but in the ways not anticipated by the standard models based on equilibrium thermodynamics. The combination of the broad spectrum of static fluctuations with their dispersive dynamics offers the mechanism of dynamical freezing (ergodicity breaking) of subsets of nuclear modes on the time of reaction/residence of the electron at a redox cofactor. The separation of time-scales of nuclear modes coupled to electron transfer allows dynamical freezing. In particular, the separation between the relaxation time of electro-elastic fluctuations of the interface and the time of conformational transitions of the protein caused by changing redox state results in dynamical freezing of the latter for sufficiently fast electron transfer. The observable consequence of this dynamical freezing is significantly different reorganization energies describing the curvature at the bottom of electron-transfer free energy surfaces (large) and the distance between their minima (Stokes shift, small). The ratio of the two reorganization energies establishes the parameter by which the energetic efficiency of protein electron transfer is increased relative to the standard expectations, thus minimizing losses of energy to heat. Energetically efficient electron transfer occurs in a chain of conformationally quenched cofactors and is characterized by flattened free energy surfaces, reminiscent of the flat and rugged landscape at the stability basin of a folded protein.

Effectiveness of an automatic manual wheelchair braking system in the prevention of falls.

PubMed

Martorello, Laura; Swanson, Edward

2006-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an automatic manual wheelchair braking system in the reduction of falls for patients at high risk of falls while transferring to and from a manual wheelchair. The study design was a normative survey carried out through the use of a written questionnaire sent to 60 skilled nursing facilities to collect data from the medical charts, which identified patients at high risk for falls who used an automatic wheelchair braking system. The facilities participating in the study identified a frequency of falls of high-risk patients while transferring to and from the wheelchair ranging from 2 to 10 per year, with a median fall rate per facility of 4 falls. One year after the installation of the automatic wheelchair braking system, participating facilities demonstrated a reduction of zero to three falls during transfers by high-risk patients, with a median fall rate of zero falls. This represents a statistically significant reduction of 78% in the fall rate of high-risk patients while transferring to and from the wheelchair, t (18) = 6.39, p < .0001. Incident reports of falls to and from manual wheelchairs were reviewed retrospectively for a 1-year period. This study suggests that high-risk fallers transferring to or from manual wheelchairs sustained significantly fewer falls when the Steddy Mate automatic braking system for manual wheelchairs was installed. The application of the automatic braking system allows clients, families/caregivers, and facility personnel an increased safety factor for the reduction of falls from the wheelchair.

Facile synthesis of mesoporous spinel NiCo2O4 nanostructures as highly efficient electrocatalysts for urea electro-oxidation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ding, Rui; Qi, Li; Jia, Mingjun; Wang, Hongyu

2014-01-01

Mesoporous spinel nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) nanostructures were synthesized via a facile chemical deposition method coupled with a simple post-annealing process. The physicochemical properties were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and nitrogen sorption measurements. The electrocatalytic performances were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The obtained NiCo2O4 materials exhibit typical agglomerate mesoporous nanostructures with a large surface area (190.1 m2 g-1) and high mesopore volume (0.943 cm3 g-1). Remarkably, the NiCo2O4 shows much higher catalytic activity, lower overpotential, better stability and greater tolerance towards urea electro-oxidation compared to those of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) synthesized by the same procedure. The NiCo2O4 electrode delivers a current density of 136 mA cm-2 mg-1 at 0.7 V (vs. Hg/HgO) in 1 M KOH and 0.33 M urea electrolytes accompanied with a desirable stability. The impressive electrocatalytic activity is largely ascribed to the high intrinsic electronic conductivity, superior mesoporous nanostructures and rich surface Ni active species of the NiCo2O4 materials, which can largely boost the interfacial electroactive sites and charge transfer rates for urea electro-oxidation, indicating promising applications in future wastewater remediation, hydrogen production and fuel cells.Mesoporous spinel nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) nanostructures were synthesized via a facile chemical deposition method coupled with a simple post-annealing process. The physicochemical properties were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and nitrogen sorption measurements. The electrocatalytic performances were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The obtained NiCo2O4 materials exhibit typical agglomerate mesoporous nanostructures with a large surface area (190.1 m2 g-1) and high mesopore volume (0.943 cm3 g-1). Remarkably, the NiCo2O4 shows much higher catalytic activity, lower overpotential, better stability and greater tolerance towards urea electro-oxidation compared to those of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) synthesized by the same procedure. The NiCo2O4 electrode delivers a current density of 136 mA cm-2 mg-1 at 0.7 V (vs. Hg/HgO) in 1 M KOH and 0.33 M urea electrolytes accompanied with a desirable stability. The impressive electrocatalytic activity is largely ascribed to the high intrinsic electronic conductivity, superior mesoporous nanostructures and rich surface Ni active species of the NiCo2O4 materials, which can largely boost the interfacial electroactive sites and charge transfer rates for urea electro-oxidation, indicating promising applications in future wastewater remediation, hydrogen production and fuel cells. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: XRD patterns of NO and CO; XRD patterns and XPS profiles of CO; SEM images of CO; BET plots of CO; XPS quantitative analysis of NCO; a comparison of N2 sorption data between NCO and CO; the fitted values of impedimetric parameters of NCO and CO electrodes. See DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05359h

Antibiotics mediated facile one-pot synthesis of gold nanoclusters as fluorescent sensor for ferric ions.

PubMed

Yu, Mengqun; Zhu, Zheguo; Wang, Hong; Li, Linyao; Fu, Fei; Song, Yang; Song, Erqun

2017-05-15

In this paper, the cheap, easily obtained small antibiotic molecule of vancomycin was employed as reducer/stabilizer for facile one-pot synthesis of water exhibited a bluish fluorescence emission at 410nm within a short synthesis time about 50min. Based on the strong fluorescence quenching due to electron transfer mechanism by the introduction of ferric ions(Fe 3+ ), the Van-AuNCs were interestingly designed for sensitive and selective detecting Fe 3+ with a limit of 1.4μmol L -1 in the linear range of 2-100μmol L -1 within 20min. The Van-AuNCs based method was successfully applied to determine Fe 3+ in tap water, lake water, river water and sea water samples with the quantitative spike recoveries from 97.50-111.14% with low relative standard deviations ranging from 0.49-1.87%, indicating the potential application of this Van-AuNCs based fluorescent sensor for environmental sample analysis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sn Nanoparticles Encapsulated in 3D Nanoporous Carbon Derived from a Metal-Organic Framework for Anode Material in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

PubMed

Guo, Yuanyuan; Zeng, Xiaoqiao; Zhang, Yu; Dai, Zhengfei; Fan, Haosen; Huang, Ying; Zhang, Weina; Zhang, Hua; Lu, Jun; Huo, Fengwei; Yan, Qingyu

2017-05-24

Three-dimensional nanoporous carbon frameworks encapsulated Sn nanoparticles (Sn@3D-NPC) are developed by a facile method as an improved lithium ion battery anode. The Sn@3D-NPC delivers a reversible capacity of 740 mAh g -1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g -1 , corresponding to a capacity retention of 85% (against the second capacity) and high rate capability (300 mAh g -1 at 5 A g -1 ). Compared to the Sn nanoparticles (SnNPs), such improvements are attributed to the 3D porous and conductive framework. The whole structure can provide not only the high electrical conductivity that facilities the electron transfer but also the elasticity that will suppress the volume expansion and aggregation of SnNPs during the charge and discharge process. This work opens a new application of metal-organic frameworks in energy storage.

Aloe vera mediated hydrothermal synthesis of reduced graphene oxide decorated ZnO nanocomposite: Luminescence and antioxidant properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kavyashree, D.; Nagabhushana, H.; Ananda Kumari, R.; Basavaraj, R. B.; Suresh, D.; Daruka Prasad, B.; Sharma, S. C.

2016-05-01

A zinc oxide/reduced graphene oxide (ZnO/rGO) nanocomposite was fabricated by facile hydrothermal route using Aloe vera gel as surfactant. The PL emission spectrum of the ZnO/rGO composite consists of four peaks at around 380, 394, 449 and 465nm. The PL intensity is found to diminish in ZnO-rGO composites rather than in pure ZnO, which was attributed to electron transfer from ZnO to rGO. A single intense glow curve was recorded in rGo-ZnO for a dose range of 1-8kGy. The TL response curve of rGO-ZnO is found to be a simple glow curve structure, linear dependence over a dose range of 1-8kGy. The obtained ZnO/rGO composite could provide a facile and eco-friendly method for the development of graphene-based nanocomposites with promising applications in radiation dosimetry and antioxidant activities.

Optical determination of charge transfer times from indoline dyes to ZnO in solid state dye-sensitized solar cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meyenburg, I.; Hofeditz, N.; Ruess, R.; Rudolph, M.; Schlettwein, D.; Heimbrodt, W.

2018-05-01

We studied the electron transfer at the interface of organic-inorganic hybrids consisting of indoline derivatives (D149 and D131) on ZnO substrates using a new optical method. We revealed the electron transfer times from the excited dye, e.g. the excitons formed in the dye aggregates to the ZnO substrate by analyzing the photoluminescence transients of the excitons after femtosecond excitation and applying kinetic model calculations. We reveal the changes of the electron transfer times by applying electrical bias. Pushing the Fermi energy of the ZnO substrate towards the excited dye level the transfer time gets longer and eventually the electron transfer is suppressed. The level alignment between the excited dye state and the ZnO Fermi-level is estimated. The excited state of D131 is about 100 meV higher than the respective state of D149 compared to the ZnO conduction band. This leads to shorter electron transfer times and eventually to higher quantum efficiencies of the solar cells.

78 FR 69405 - Enable Gas Transmission, LLC; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-19

..., by sell and transfer from Enable to Enable Midstream Partners, LP (EMP), certain facilities and... Leedey Purification Facility and to abandon by sale to EMP the following facilities in Oklahoma: (1) The...

Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-anatase TiO2 nanocomposite and its improved photo-induced charge transfer properties.

PubMed

Wang, Ping; Zhai, Yueming; Wang, Dejun; Dong, Shaojun

2011-04-01

The construction of reduced graphene oxide or graphene oxide with semiconductor has gained more and more attention due to its unexpected optoelectronic and electronic properties. The synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) or graphene oxide-semiconductor nanocomposite with well-dispersed decorated particles is still a challenge now. Herein, we demonstrate a facile method for the synthesis of graphene oxide-amorphous TiO(2) and reduced graphene oxide-anatase TiO(2) nanocomposites with well-dispersed particles. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The photovoltaic properties of RGO-anatase TiO(2) were also compared with that of similar sized anatase TiO(2) by transient photovoltage technique, and it was interesting to find that the combination of reduced graphene oxide with anatase TiO(2) will significantly increase the photovoltaic response and retard the recombination of electron-hole pairs in the excited anatase TiO(2).

An investigation on the photoelectrochemical properties of dye-sensitized solar cells based on graphene-TiO2 composite photoanodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Menghua; Li, Xin; Liu, Weiwei; Cui, Ying

2014-09-01

The graphene-TiO2 nanocomposite has been prepared by mixing graphene oxide (GO) and tetra-n-butyl titanate (TBT) followed by the facile hydrothermal process when the reduction of GO to reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and the hydrolysis of TBT to TiO2 happen. Characterization of the graphene-TiO2 nanostructures is investigated in detail by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on graphene-TiO2 composite photoelectrode exhibits a high energy conversion efficiency of 4.28%, compared with a DSSC based on pure TiO2 photoelectrode (3.11%), accompanied by an increment in both short-circuit photocurrent density and open-circuit voltage. The significant enhancement in performance of DSSC is investigated through intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy, intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It is found that the incorporation of two-dimensional graphene nanosheets in the TiO2 electrodes is the key factor leading to the improved photogenerated electron transfer ability and reduced charge recombination.

36 CFR § 1232.16 - What documentation must an agency create before it transfers records to a records storage facility?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., Modern Records Programs (NWM), 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001, phone number (301) 837... agency create before it transfers records to a records storage facility? § 1232.16 Section § 1232.16 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION RECORDS MANAGEMENT...

Encapsulation of TCNQ and the acridinium ion within a bisporphyrin cavity: synthesis, structure, and photophysical and HOMO-LUMO-gap-mediated electron-transfer properties.

PubMed

Chaudhary, Arvind; Rath, Sankar Prasad

2012-06-11

The encapsulation of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and fluorescent probe acridinium ions (AcH(+)) by diethylpyrrole-bridged bisporphyrin (H(4)DEP) was used to investigate the structural and spectroscopic changes within the bisporphyrin cavity upon substrate binding. X-ray diffraction studies of the bisporphyrin host (H(4)DEP) and the encapsulated host-guest complexes (H(4)DEP⋅TCNQ and [H(4)DEP⋅AcH]ClO(4)) are reported. Negative and positive shifts of the reduction and oxidation potentials, respectively, indicated that it was difficult to reduce/oxidize the encapsulated complexes. The emission intensities of bisporphyrin, upon excitation at 560 nm, were quenched by about 65 % and 95 % in H(4)DEP⋅TCNQ and [H(4)DEP⋅AcH]ClO(4), respectively, owing to photoinduced electron transfer from the excited state of the bisporphyrin to TCNQ/AcH(+); this result was also supported by DFT calculations. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of encapsulated AcH(+) (excited at 340 nm) was also remarkably quenched compared to the free ions, owing to photoinduced singlet-to-singlet energy transfer from AcH(+) to bisporphyrin. Thus, AcH(+) acted as both an acceptor and a donor, depending on which part of the chromophore was excited in the host-guest complex. The electrochemically evaluated HOMO-LUMO gap was 0.71 and 1.42 eV in H(4)DEP⋅TCNQ and [H(4)DEP⋅AcH]ClO(4), respectively, whilst the gap was 2.12 eV in H(4)DEP. The extremely low HOMO-LUMO gap in H(4)DEP⋅TCNQ led to facile electron transfer from the host to the guest, which was manifested in the lowering of the CN stretching frequency (in the solid state) in the IR spectra, a strong radical signal in the EPR spectra at 77 K, and also the presence of low-energy bands in the UV/Vis spectra (in the solution phase). Such an efficient transfer was only possible when the donor and acceptor moieties were in close proximity to one another. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Multiple electron injection dynamics in linearly-linked two dye co-sensitized nanocrystalline metal oxide electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells.

PubMed

Shen, Qing; Ogomi, Yuhei; Park, Byung-wook; Inoue, Takafumi; Pandey, Shyam S; Miyamoto, Akari; Fujita, Shinsuke; Katayama, Kenji; Toyoda, Taro; Hayase, Shuzi

2012-04-07

Understanding the electron transfer dynamics at the interface between dye sensitizer and semiconductor nanoparticle is very important for both a fundamental study and development of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), which are a potential candidate for next generation solar cells. In this study, we have characterized the ultrafast photoexcited electron dynamics in a newly produced linearly-linked two dye co-sensitized solar cell using both a transient absorption (TA) and an improved transient grating (TG) technique, in which tin(IV) 2,11,20,29-tetra-tert-butyl-2,3-naphthalocyanine (NcSn) and cis-diisothiocyanato-bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II) bis(tetrabutylammonium) (N719) are molecularly and linearly linked and are bonded to the surface of a nanocrystalline tin dioxide (SnO(2)) electrode by a metal-O-metal linkage (i.e. SnO(2)-NcSn-N719). By comparing the TA and TG kinetics of NcSn, N719, and hybrid NcSn-N719 molecules adsorbed onto both of the SnO(2) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO(2)) nanocrystalline films, the forward and backward electron transfer dynamics in SnO(2)-NcSn-N719 were clarified. We found that there are two pathways for electron injection from the linearly-linked two dye molecules (NcSn-N719) to SnO(2). The first is a stepwise electron injection, in which photoexcited electrons first transfer from N719 to NcSn with a transfer time of 0.95 ps and then transfer from NcSn to the conduction band (CB) of SnO(2) with two timescales of 1.6 ps and 4.2 ps. The second is direct photoexcited electron transfer from N719 to the CB of SnO(2) with a timescale of 20-30 ps. On the other hand, back electron transfer from SnO(2) to NcSn is on a timescale of about 2 ns, which is about three orders of magnitude slower compared to the forward electron transfer from NcSn to SnO(2). The back electron transfer from NcSn to N719 is on a timescale of about 40 ps, which is about one order slower compared to the forward electron transfer from N719 to NcSn. These results demonstrate that photoexcited electrons can be effectively injected into SnO(2) from both of the N719 and NcSn dyes.

Oligosaccharide/silicon-containing block copolymers with 5 nm features for lithographic applications.

PubMed

Cushen, Julia D; Otsuka, Issei; Bates, Christopher M; Halila, Sami; Fort, Sébastien; Rochas, Cyrille; Easley, Jeffrey A; Rausch, Erica L; Thio, Anthony; Borsali, Redouane; Willson, C Grant; Ellison, Christopher J

2012-04-24

Block copolymers demonstrate potential for use in next-generation lithography due to their ability to self-assemble into well-ordered periodic arrays on the 3-100 nm length scale. The successful lithographic application of block copolymers relies on three critical conditions being met: high Flory-Huggins interaction parameters (χ), which enable formation of <10 nm features, etch selectivity between blocks for facile pattern transfer, and thin film self-assembly control. The present paper describes the synthesis and self-assembly of block copolymers composed of naturally derived oligosaccharides coupled to a silicon-containing polystyrene derivative synthesized by activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization. The block copolymers have a large χ and a low degree of polymerization (N) enabling formation of 5 nm feature diameters, incorporate silicon in one block for oxygen reactive ion etch contrast, and exhibit bulk and thin film self-assembly of hexagonally packed cylinders facilitated by a combination of spin coating and solvent annealing techniques. As observed by small angle X-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy, these materials exhibit some of the smallest block copolymer features in the bulk and in thin films reported to date.

Insights into the Mechanism of a Covalently Linked Organic Dye–Cobaloxime Catalyst System for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Fuel Devices

PubMed Central

Pati, Palas Baran; Zhang, Lei; Philippe, Bertrand; Fernández‐Terán, Ricardo; Ahmadi, Sareh; Tian, Lei; Rensmo, Håkan; Hammarström, Leif

2017-01-01

Abstract A covalently linked organic dye–cobaloxime catalyst system based on mesoporous NiO is synthesized by a facile click reaction for mechanistic studies and application in a dye‐sensitized solar fuel device. The system is systematically investigated by photoelectrochemical measurements, density functional theory, time‐resolved fluorescence, transient absorption spectroscopy, and photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that irradiation of the dye–catalyst on NiO leads to ultrafast hole injection into NiO from the excited dye, followed by a fast electron transfer process to reduce the catalyst. Moreover, the dye adopts different structures with different excited state energies, and excitation energy transfer occurs between neighboring molecules on the semiconductor surface. The photoelectrochemical experiments also show hydrogen production by this system. The axial chloride ligands of the catalyst are released during photocatalysis to create the active sites for proton reduction. A working mechanism of the dye–catalyst system on the photocathode is proposed on the basis of this study. PMID:28338295

Saturation of multi-laser beams laser-plasma instabilities from stochastic ion heating

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Michel, P.; Williams, E. A.; Divol, L.

2013-05-15

Cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) has been used as a tool on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) since the first energetics experiments in 2009 to control the energy deposition in ignition hohlraums and tune the implosion symmetry. As large amounts of power are transferred between laser beams at the entrance holes of NIF hohlraums, the presence of many overlapping beat waves can lead to stochastic ion heating in the regions where laser beams overlap [P. Michel et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 195004 (2012)]. This increases the ion acoustic velocity and modifies the ion acoustic waves’ dispersion relation, thus reducing themore » plasma response to the beat waves and the efficiency of CBET. This pushes the plasma oscillations driven by CBET in a regime where the phase velocities are much smaller than both the electron and ion thermal velocities. CBET gains are derived for this new regime and generalized to the case of multi ion species plasmas.« less

30 CFR 250.1000 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... operator must, if practical, durably mark all of its above-water transfer points by April 14, 1999 or the... transfer point, and the transfer point is located above water, then the operator must identify the transfer point on a schematic located on the facility. (iii) If a transfer point is located below water, then the...

12 CFR 205.9 - Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... RESERVE SYSTEM ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) § 205.9 Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic..., a financial institution shall make a receipt available to a consumer at the time the consumer initiates an electronic fund transfer at an electronic terminal. The receipt shall set forth the following...

12 CFR 205.9 - Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... RESERVE SYSTEM ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) § 205.9 Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic..., a financial institution shall make a receipt available to a consumer at the time the consumer initiates an electronic fund transfer at an electronic terminal. The receipt shall set forth the following...

12 CFR 205.9 - Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... RESERVE SYSTEM ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) § 205.9 Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic..., a financial institution shall make a receipt available to a consumer at the time the consumer initiates an electronic fund transfer at an electronic terminal. The receipt shall set forth the following...

12 CFR 205.9 - Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... RESERVE SYSTEM ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) § 205.9 Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic..., a financial institution shall make a receipt available to a consumer at the time the consumer initiates an electronic fund transfer at an electronic terminal. The receipt shall set forth the following...

12 CFR 205.9 - Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... RESERVE SYSTEM ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) § 205.9 Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic..., a financial institution shall make a receipt available to a consumer at the time the consumer initiates an electronic fund transfer at an electronic terminal. The receipt shall set forth the following...

Ultrafast above-threshold dynamics of the radical anion of a prototypical quinone electron-acceptor.

PubMed

Horke, Daniel A; Li, Quansong; Blancafort, Lluís; Verlet, Jan R R

2013-08-01

Quinones feature prominently as electron acceptors in nature. Their electron-transfer reactions are often highly exergonic, for which Marcus theory predicts reduced electron-transfer rates because of a free-energy barrier that occurs in the inverted region. However, the electron-transfer kinetics that involve quinones can appear barrierless. Here, we consider the intrinsic properties of the para-benzoquinone radical anion, which serves as the prototypical electron-transfer reaction product involving a quinone-based acceptor. Using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, we show that excitation at 400 and 480 nm yields excited states that are unbound with respect to electron loss. These excited states are shown to decay on a sub-40 fs timescale through a series of conical intersections with lower-lying excited states, ultimately to form the ground anionic state and avoid autodetachment. From an isolated electron-acceptor perspective, this ultrafast stabilization mechanism accounts for the ability of para-benzoquinone to capture and retain electrons.

CO2 Reduction Catalyzed by Nitrogenase: Pathways to Formate, Carbon Monoxide, and Methane.

PubMed

Khadka, Nimesh; Dean, Dennis R; Smith, Dayle; Hoffman, Brian M; Raugei, Simone; Seefeldt, Lance C

2016-09-06

The reduction of N2 to NH3 by Mo-dependent nitrogenase at its active-site metal cluster FeMo-cofactor utilizes reductive elimination of Fe-bound hydrides with obligatory loss of H2 to activate the enzyme for binding/reduction of N2. Earlier work showed that wild-type nitrogenase and a nitrogenase with amino acid substitutions in the MoFe protein near FeMo-cofactor can catalytically reduce CO2 by two or eight electrons/protons to carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4) at low rates. Here, it is demonstrated that nitrogenase preferentially reduces CO2 by two electrons/protons to formate (HCOO(-)) at rates >10 times higher than rates of CO2 reduction to CO and CH4. Quantum mechanical calculations on the doubly reduced FeMo-cofactor with a Fe-bound hydride and S-bound proton (E2(2H) state) favor a direct reaction of CO2 with the hydride ("direct hydride transfer" reaction pathway), with facile hydride transfer to CO2 yielding formate. In contrast, a significant barrier is observed for reaction of Fe-bound CO2 with the hydride ("associative" reaction pathway), which leads to CO and CH4. Remarkably, in the direct hydride transfer pathway, the Fe-H behaves as a hydridic hydrogen, whereas in the associative pathway it acts as a protic hydrogen. MoFe proteins with amino acid substitutions near FeMo-cofactor (α-70(Val→Ala), α-195(His→Gln)) are found to significantly alter the distribution of products between formate and CO/CH4.

Photocatalytic Conversion of Nitrobenzene to Aniline through Sequential Proton-Coupled One-Electron Transfers from a Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dot

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jensen, Stephen C.; Bettis Homan, Stephanie; Weiss, Emily A.

2016-01-28

This paper describes the use of cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) as visible-light photocatalysts for the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline through six sequential photoinduced, proton-coupled electron transfers. At pH 3.6–4.3, the internal quantum yield of photons-to-reducing electrons is 37.1% over 54 h of illumination, with no apparent decrease in catalyst activity. Monitoring of the QD exciton by transient absorption reveals that, for each step in the catalytic cycle, the sacrificial reductant, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, scavenges the excitonic hole in ~5 ps to form QD•–; electron transfer to nitrobenzene or the intermediates nitrosobenzene and phenylhydroxylamine then occurs on the nanosecondmore » time scale. The rate constants for the single-electron transfer reactions are correlated with the driving forces for the corresponding proton-coupled electron transfers. This result suggests, but does not prove, that electron transfer, not proton transfer, is rate-limiting for these reactions. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the QD–molecule systems shows that the photoproduct aniline, left unprotonated, serves as a poison for the QD catalyst by adsorbing to its surface. Performing the reaction at an acidic pH not only encourages aniline to desorb but also increases the probability of protonated intermediates; the latter effect probably ensures that recruitment of protons is not rate-limiting.« less

Quantum state transfer in double-quantum-well devices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jakumeit, Jurgen; Tutt, Marcel; Pavlidis, Dimitris

1994-01-01

A Monte Carlo simulation of double-quantum-well (DQW) devices is presented in view of analyzing the quantum state transfer (QST) effect. Different structures, based on the AlGaAs/GaAs system, were simulated at 77 and 300 K and optimized in terms of electron transfer and device speed. The analysis revealed the dominant role of the impurity scattering for the QST. Different approaches were used for the optimization of QST devices and basic physical limitations were found in the electron transfer between the QWs. The maximum transfer of electrons from a high to a low mobility well was at best 20%. Negative differential resistance is hampered by the almost linear rather than threshold dependent relation of electron transfer on electric field. By optimizing the doping profile the operation frequency limit could be extended to 260 GHz.

Dioxygen in Polyoxometalate Mediated Reactions.

PubMed

Weinstock, Ira A; Schreiber, Roy E; Neumann, Ronny

2018-03-14

In this review article, we consider the use of molecular oxygen in reactions mediated by polyoxometalates. Polyoxometalates are anionic metal oxide clusters of a variety of structures that are soluble in liquid phases and therefore amenable to homogeneous catalytic transformations. Often, they are active for electron transfer oxidations of a myriad of substrates and upon reduction can be reoxidized by molecular oxygen. For example, the phosphovanadomolybdate, H 5 PV 2 Mo 10 O 40 , can oxidize Pd(0) thereby enabling aerobic reactions catalyzed by Pd and H 5 PV 2 Mo 10 O 40 . In a similar vein, polyoxometalates can stabilize metal nanoparticles, leading to additional transformations. Furthermore, electron transfer oxidation of other substrates such as halides and sulfur-containing compounds is possible. More uniquely, H 5 PV 2 Mo 10 O 40 and its analogues can mediate electron transfer-oxygen transfer reactions where oxygen atoms are transferred from the polyoxometalate to the substrate. This unique property has enabled correspondingly unique transformations involving carbon-carbon, carbon-hydrogen, and carbon-metal bond activation. The pathway for the reoxidation of vanadomolybdates with O 2 appears to be an inner-sphere reaction, but the oxidation of one-electron reduced polyoxotungstates has been shown through intensive research to be an outer-sphere reaction. Beyond electron transfer and electron transfer-oxygen transfer aerobic transformations, there a few examples of apparent dioxygenase activity where both oxygen atoms are donated to a substrate.

Requirements for facilities transferring or receiving select agents. Final rule.

PubMed

2001-08-31

CDC administers regulations that govern the transfer of certain biological agents and toxins ("select agents"). These regulations require entities that transfer or receive select agents to register with CDC and comply with biosafety standards contained in the Third Edition of the CDC/NIH publication "Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories ("BMBL")." On October 28,1999, CDC published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking ("NPRM") seeking both to revise the biosafety standards facilities must follow when handling select agents and to provide new biosecurity standards for such facilities. These new standards are contained in the Fourth Edition of BMBL, which the NPRM proposed to incorporate by reference, thereby replacing the Third Edition. No comments were received in response to this proposal. CDC is therefore amending its regulations to incorporate the Fourth Edition.

Picture of the Week: Hacking the bio-nano interface for better biofuels

Science.gov Websites

) influence electron transfer between the enzyme and the electrode to determine the best placement of enzymes compounds) influence electron transfer between the enzyme and the electrode to determine the best placement studied how three quinones (a class of organic compounds) influence electron transfer between the enzyme

Defect engineering of two-dimensional WO3 nanosheets for enhanced electrochromism and photoeletrochemical performance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Xiaofang; Zheng, Xiaoli; Yan, Bo; Xu, Tao; Xu, Qun

2017-04-01

The capability of introduction of oxygen vacancies in a controlled way has emerged as the heart of modern transition metal oxide semiconductor chemistry. As chemical defects, the oxygen vacancies have been proposed as electron donors, which are prone to increase carrier density and promote charge carrier separation. Herein, we have successfully prepared 2D WO3 ultrathin nanosheets with abundant surface oxygen vacancies by a combination of facile solvothermal reaction and hydrogenation method. The resultant hydrogenated WO3 ultrathin nanosheets exhibit remarkable electrochromism and photocatalytic performances compared with the non-hydrogenated samples, mainly due to their increased oxygen vacancies, narrowed band gap coupled with fast charge transfer and enhanced adsorption of visible light.

Calibration of space instruments at the Metrology Light Source

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Klein, R., E-mail: roman.klein@ptb.de; Fliegauf, R.; Gottwald, A.

2016-07-27

PTB has more than 20 years of experience in the calibration of space-based instruments using synchrotron radiation to cover the UV, VUV and X-ray spectral range. New instrumentation at the electron storage ring Metrology Light Source (MLS) opens up extended calibration possibilities within this framework. In particular, the set-up of a large vacuum vessel that can accommodate entire space instruments opens up new prospects. Moreover, a new facility for the calibration of radiation transfer source standards with a considerably extended spectral range has been put into operation. Besides, characterization and calibration of single components like e.g. mirrors, filters, gratings, andmore » detectors is continued.« less

A novel, eco-friendly technique for covalent functionalization of graphene nanoplatelets and the potential of their nanofluids for heat transfer applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sadri, Rad; Hosseini, Maryam; Kazi, S. N.; Bagheri, Samira; Zubir, Nashrul; Ahmadi, Goodarz; Dahari, Mahidzal; Zaharinie, Tuan

2017-05-01

In this study, a facile and eco-friendly covalent functionalization technique is developed to synthesize highly stable graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in aqueous media. This technique involves free radical grafting of gallic acid onto the surface of GNPs rather than corrosive inorganic acids. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used to confirm the covalent functionalization of GNPs with gallic acid (GAGNPs). The solubility of the GAGNPs in aqueous media is verified using zeta potential and UV-vis spectra measurements. The nanofluid shows significant improvement in thermo-physical properties, indicating its superb potential for various thermal applications.

Intramolecular electron-transfer rates in mixed-valence triarylamines: measurement by variable-temperature ESR spectroscopy and comparison with optical data.

PubMed

Lancaster, Kelly; Odom, Susan A; Jones, Simon C; Thayumanavan, S; Marder, Seth R; Brédas, Jean-Luc; Coropceanu, Veaceslav; Barlow, Stephen

2009-02-11

The electron spin resonance spectra of the radical cations of 4,4'-bis[di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]tolane, E-4,4'-bis[di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]stilbene, and E,E-1,4-bis{4-[di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]styryl}benzene in dichloromethane exhibit five lines over a wide temperature range due to equivalent coupling to two 14N nuclei, indicating either delocalization between both nitrogen atoms or rapid intramolecular electron transfer on the electron spin resonance time scale. In contrast, those of the radical cations of 1,4-bis{4-[di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]phenylethynyl}benzene and E,E-1,4-bis{4-[di(4-n-butoxyphenyl)amino]styryl}-2,5-dicyanobenzene exhibit line shapes that vary strongly with temperature, displaying five lines at room temperature and only three lines at ca. 190 K, indicative of slow electron transfer on the electron spin resonance time scale at low temperatures. The rates of intramolecular electron transfer in the latter compounds were obtained by simulation of the electron spin resonance spectra and display an Arrhenius temperature dependence. The activation barriers obtained from Arrhenius plots are significantly less than anticipated from Hush analyses of the intervalence bands when the diabatic electron-transfer distance, R, is equated to the N[symbol: see text]N distance. Comparison of optical and electron spin resonance data suggests that R is in fact only ca. 40% of the N[symbol: see text]N distance, while the Arrhenius prefactor indicates that the electron transfer falls in the adiabatic regime.

Femtosecond Electron and Photon Pulses Facility in Thailand

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rimjaem, S.; Thongbai, C.; Jinamoon, V.

Femtosecond electron and photon pulses facility has been established as SURIYA project at the Fast Neutron Research Facility (FNRF). Femtosecond electron bunches can be generated from a system consisting of an RF gun with a thermionic cathode, an alpha magnet as an magnetic bunch compressor, and a linear accelerator as a post acceleration section. Femtosecond electron pulses can be used directly or used as a source to produce equally short electromagnetic (EM) radiation pulses via certain kind of radiation production processes. At SURIYA project, we are interested especially in production of radiation in Far-infrared (FIR) regime. At these wavelengths, themore » radiation from femtosecond electron pulses is emitted coherently resulting in high intensity radiation. Overview of the facility, the generation of femtosecond electron bunches, the theoretical background of coherent transition radiation and the recent experimental results will be presented and discussed in this paper.« less

A case study of potential human health impacts from petroleum coke transfer facilities.

PubMed

Dourson, Michael L; Chinkin, Lyle R; MacIntosh, David L; Finn, Jennifer A; Brown, Kathleen W; Reid, Stephen B; Martinez, Jeanelle M

2016-11-01

Petroleum coke or "petcoke" is a solid material created during petroleum refinement and is distributed via transfer facilities that may be located in densely populated areas. The health impacts from petcoke exposure to residents living in proximity to such facilities were evaluated for a petcoke transfer facilities located in Chicago, Illinois. Site-specific, margin of safety (MOS) and margin of exposure (MOE) analyses were conducted using estimated airborne and dermal exposures. The exposure assessment was based on a combined measurement and modeling program that included multiyear on-site air monitoring, air dispersion modeling, and analyses of soil and surfaces in residential areas adjacent to two petcoke transfer facilities located in industrial areas. Airborne particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM 10 ) were used as a marker for petcoke. Based on daily fence line monitoring, the average daily PM 10 concentration at the KCBX Terminals measured on-site was 32 μg/m 3 , with 89% of 24-hr average PM 10 concentrations below 50 μg/m 3 and 99% below 100 μg/m 3 . A dispersion model estimated that the emission sources at the KCBX Terminals produced peak PM 10 levels attributed to the petcoke facility at the most highly impacted residence of 11 μg/m 3 on an annual average basis and 54 μg/m 3 on 24-hr average basis. Chemical indicators of petcoke in soil and surface samples collected from residential neighborhoods adjacent to the facilities were equivalent to levels in corresponding samples collected at reference locations elsewhere in Chicago, a finding that is consistent with limited potential for off-site exposure indicated by the fence line monitoring and air dispersion modeling. The MOE based upon dispersion model estimates ranged from 800 to 900 for potential inhalation, the primary route of concern for particulate matter. This indicates a low likelihood of adverse health effects in the surrounding community. Implications: Handling of petroleum coke at bulk material transfer facilities has been identified as a concern for the public health of surrounding populations. The current assessment, based on measurements and modeling of two facilities located in a densely populated urban area, indicates that petcoke transport and accumulation in off-site locations is minimal. In addition, estimated human exposures, if any, are well below levels that could be anticipated to produce adverse health effects in the general population.

Role of protein fluctuation correlations in electron transfer in photosynthetic complexes.

PubMed

Nesterov, Alexander I; Berman, Gennady P

2015-04-01

We consider the dependence of the electron transfer in photosynthetic complexes on correlation properties of random fluctuations of the protein environment. The electron subsystem is modeled by a finite network of connected electron (exciton) sites. The fluctuations of the protein environment are modeled by random telegraph processes, which act either collectively (correlated) or independently (uncorrelated) on the electron sites. We derived an exact closed system of first-order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, for the average density matrix elements and for their first moments. Under some conditions, we obtained analytic expressions for the electron transfer rates and found the range of parameters for their applicability by comparing with the exact numerical simulations. We also compared the correlated and uncorrelated regimes and demonstrated numerically that the uncorrelated fluctuations of the protein environment can, under some conditions, either increase or decrease the electron transfer rates.

Role of coherence and delocalization in photo-induced electron transfer at organic interfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abramavicius, V.; Pranculis, V.; Melianas, A.; Inganäs, O.; Gulbinas, V.; Abramavicius, D.

2016-09-01

Photo-induced charge transfer at molecular heterojunctions has gained particular interest due to the development of organic solar cells (OSC) based on blends of electron donating and accepting materials. While charge transfer between donor and acceptor molecules can be described by Marcus theory, additional carrier delocalization and coherent propagation might play the dominant role. Here, we describe ultrafast charge separation at the interface of a conjugated polymer and an aggregate of the fullerene derivative PCBM using the stochastic Schrödinger equation (SSE) and reveal the complex time evolution of electron transfer, mediated by electronic coherence and delocalization. By fitting the model to ultrafast charge separation experiments, we estimate the extent of electron delocalization and establish the transition from coherent electron propagation to incoherent hopping. Our results indicate that even a relatively weak coupling between PCBM molecules is sufficient to facilitate electron delocalization and efficient charge separation at organic interfaces.

Alternative ground states enable pathway switching in biological electron transfer

DOE PAGES

Abriata, Luciano A.; Alvarez-Paggi, Damian; Ledesma, Gabirela N.; ...

2012-10-10

Electron transfer is the simplest chemical reaction and constitutes the basis of a large variety of biological processes, such as photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Nature has evolved specific proteins and cofactors for these functions. The mechanisms optimizing biological electron transfer have been matter of intense debate, such as the role of the protein milieu between donor and acceptor sites. Here we propose a mechanism regulating long-range electron transfer in proteins. Specifically, we report a spectroscopic, electrochemical, and theoretical study on WT and single-mutant CuA redox centers from Thermus thermophilus, which shows that thermal fluctuations may populate two alternative ground-state electronicmore » wave functions optimized for electron entry and exit, respectively, through two different and nearly perpendicular pathways. In conclusion, these findings suggest a unique role for alternative or “invisible” electronic ground states in directional electron transfer. Moreover, it is shown that this energy gap and, therefore, the equilibrium between ground states can be fine-tuned by minor perturbations, suggesting alternative ways through which protein–protein interactions and membrane potential may optimize and regulate electron–proton energy transduction.« less

Photoinduced electron transfer in covalent ruthenium-anthraquinone dyads: relative importance of driving-force, solvent polarity, and donor-bridge energy gap.

PubMed

Hankache, Jihane; Wenger, Oliver S

2012-02-28

Four rigid rod-like molecules comprised of a Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) photosensitizer, a 9,10-anthraquinone electron acceptor, and a molecular bridge connecting the two redox partners were synthesized and investigated by optical spectroscopic and electrochemical means. An attempt was made to assess the relative importance of driving-force, solvent polarity, and bridge variation on the rates of photoinduced electron transfer in these molecules. Expectedly, introduction of tert-butyl substituents in the bipyridine ligands of the ruthenium complex and a change in solvent from dichloromethane to acetonitrile lead to a significant acceleration of charge transfer rates. In dichloromethane, photoinduced electron transfer is not competitive with the inherent excited-state deactivation processes of the photosensitizer. In acetonitrile, an increase in driving-force by 0.2 eV through attachment of tert-butyl substituents to the bpy ancillary ligands causes an increase in electron transfer rates by an order of magnitude. Replacement of a p-xylene bridge by a p-dimethoxybenzene spacer entails an acceleration of charge transfer rates by a factor of 3.5. In the dyads from this study, the relative order of importance of individual influences on electron transfer rates is therefore as follows: solvent polarity ≥ driving-force > donor-bridge energy gap.

CRADA Payment Options | NCI Technology Transfer Center | TTC

Cancer.gov

NCI TTC CRADA PAYMENT OPTIONS: Electronic Payments by Wire Transfer via Fedwire, Mail a check to the Institute or Center, or Automated Clearing House (ACH)/Electronic Funds Transfer (ETF) payments via Pay.gov (NCI ONLY).

Transfer coefficients in ultracold strongly coupled plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bobrov, A. A.; Vorob'ev, V. S.; Zelener, B. V.

2018-03-01

We use both analytical and molecular dynamic methods for electron transfer coefficients in an ultracold plasma when its temperature is small and the coupling parameter characterizing the interaction of electrons and ions exceeds unity. For these conditions, we use the approach of nearest neighbor to determine the average electron (ion) diffusion coefficient and to calculate other electron transfer coefficients (viscosity and electrical and thermal conductivities). Molecular dynamics simulations produce electronic and ionic diffusion coefficients, confirming the reliability of these results. The results compare favorably with experimental and numerical data from earlier studies.

Theory for electron transfer from a mixed-valence dimer with paramagnetic sites to a mononuclear acceptor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bominaar, E. L.; Achim, C.; Borshch, S. A.

1999-06-01

Polynuclear transition-metal complexes, such as Fe-S clusters, are the prosthetic groups in a large number of metalloproteins and serve as temporary electron storage units in a number of important redox-based biological processes. Polynuclearity distinguishes clusters from mononuclear centers and confers upon them unique properties, such as spin ordering and the presence of thermally accessible excited spin states in clusters with paramagnetic sites, and fractional valencies in clusters of the mixed-valence type. In an earlier study we presented an effective-mode (EM) analysis of electron transfer from a binuclear mixed-valence donor with paramagnetic sites to a mononuclear acceptor which revealed that the cluster-specific attributes have an important impact on the kinetics of long-range electron transfer. In the present study, the validity of these results is tested in the framework of more detailed theories which we have termed the multimode semiclassical (SC) model and the quantum-mechanical (QM) model. It is found that the qualitative trends in the rate constant are the same in all treatments and that the semiclassical models provide a good approximation of the more rigorous quantum-mechanical description of electron transfer under physiologically relevant conditions. In particular, the present results corroborate the importance of electron transfer via excited spin states in reactions with a low driving force and justify the use of semiclassical theory in cases in which the QM model is computationally too demanding. We consider cases in which either one or two donor sites of a dimer are electronically coupled to the acceptor. In the case of multiconnectivity, the rate constant for electron transfer from a valence-delocalized (class-III) donor is nonadditive with respect to transfer from individual metal sites of the donor and undergoes an order-of-magnitude change by reversing the sign of the intradimer metal-metal resonance parameter (β). In the case of single connectivity, the rate constant for electron transfer from a valence-localized (class-II) donor can readily be tuned over several orders of magnitude by introducing differences in the electronic potentials at the two metal sites of the donor. These results indicate that theories of cluster-based electron transfer, in order to be realistic, need to consider both intrinsic electronic structure and extrinsic interactions of the cluster with the protein environment.

Understanding the Charge Transfer at the Interface of Electron Donors and Acceptors: TTF–TCNQ as an Example

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Park, Changwon; Atalla, Viktor; Smith, Sean

Charge transfer between an electron donor and an electron acceptor is widely accepted as being independent of their relative configurations if the interaction between them is weak; however, the limit of this concept for an interacting system has not yet been well established. Our study of prototypical electron donor–acceptor molecules, tetrathiafulvalene–tetracyanoquinodimethane, using density functional theory based on an advanced functional, clearly demonstrates that for interacting molecules, their configurational arrangement is as important as their individual electronic properties in the asymptotic limit to determine the charge transfer direction. For the first time, we demonstrate that by changing their relative orientation, onemore » can reverse the charge transfer direction of the pair, causing the molecules to exchange roles as donor and acceptor. In conclusion, our theory has important implications for understanding the interfacial charge-transfer mechanism of hybrid systems and related phenomena.« less

Sulfate-reducing bacteria: Microbiology and physiology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peck, H. D.

1985-01-01

The sulfate reducing bacteria, the first nonphotosynthetic anaerobic bacteria demonstrated to contain c type cytochromes, perform electron transfer coupled to phosphorylation. A new bioenergetic scheme for the formation of a proton gradient for growth of Desulfovibrio on organic substrates and sulfate involving vectors electron transfer and consistent with the cellular localization of enzymes and electron transfer components was proposed. Hydrogen is produced in the cytoplasm from organic substrates and, as a permease molecule diffuses rapidly across the cytoplasmic membrane, it is oxidized to protons and electrons by the periplasmic hydrogenase. The electrons only are transferred across the cytoplasmic membrane to the cytoplasm where they are used to reduce sulfate to sulfide. The protons are used for transport or to drive a reversible ATPOSE. The net effect is the transfer of protons across the cytoplasmic membrane with the intervention of a proton pump. This type of H2 cycling is relevant to the bioenergetics of other types of anaerobic microorganisms.

Understanding the Charge Transfer at the Interface of Electron Donors and Acceptors: TTF–TCNQ as an Example

DOE PAGES

Park, Changwon; Atalla, Viktor; Smith, Sean; ...

2017-06-16

Charge transfer between an electron donor and an electron acceptor is widely accepted as being independent of their relative configurations if the interaction between them is weak; however, the limit of this concept for an interacting system has not yet been well established. Our study of prototypical electron donor–acceptor molecules, tetrathiafulvalene–tetracyanoquinodimethane, using density functional theory based on an advanced functional, clearly demonstrates that for interacting molecules, their configurational arrangement is as important as their individual electronic properties in the asymptotic limit to determine the charge transfer direction. For the first time, we demonstrate that by changing their relative orientation, onemore » can reverse the charge transfer direction of the pair, causing the molecules to exchange roles as donor and acceptor. In conclusion, our theory has important implications for understanding the interfacial charge-transfer mechanism of hybrid systems and related phenomena.« less

Nanoantioxidant-driven plasmon enhanced proton-coupled electron transfer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sotiriou, Georgios A.; Blattmann, Christoph O.; Deligiannakis, Yiannis

2015-12-01

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions involve the transfer of a proton and an electron and play an important role in a number of chemical and biological processes. Here, we describe a novel phenomenon, plasmon-enhanced PCET, which is manifested using SiO2-coated Ag nanoparticles functionalized with gallic acid (GA), a natural antioxidant molecule that can perform PCET. These GA-functionalized nanoparticles show enhanced plasmonic response at near-IR wavelengths, due to particle agglomeration caused by the GA molecules. Near-IR laser irradiation induces strong local hot-spots on the SiO2-coated Ag nanoparticles, as evidenced by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). This leads to plasmon energy transfer to the grafted GA molecules that lowers the GA-OH bond dissociation enthalpy by at least 2 kcal mol-1 and therefore facilitates PCET. The nanoparticle-driven plasmon-enhancement of PCET brings together the so far unrelated research domains of nanoplasmonics and electron/proton translocation with significant impact on applications based on interfacial electron/proton transfer.Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions involve the transfer of a proton and an electron and play an important role in a number of chemical and biological processes. Here, we describe a novel phenomenon, plasmon-enhanced PCET, which is manifested using SiO2-coated Ag nanoparticles functionalized with gallic acid (GA), a natural antioxidant molecule that can perform PCET. These GA-functionalized nanoparticles show enhanced plasmonic response at near-IR wavelengths, due to particle agglomeration caused by the GA molecules. Near-IR laser irradiation induces strong local hot-spots on the SiO2-coated Ag nanoparticles, as evidenced by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). This leads to plasmon energy transfer to the grafted GA molecules that lowers the GA-OH bond dissociation enthalpy by at least 2 kcal mol-1 and therefore facilitates PCET. The nanoparticle-driven plasmon-enhancement of PCET brings together the so far unrelated research domains of nanoplasmonics and electron/proton translocation with significant impact on applications based on interfacial electron/proton transfer. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04942c

Electron energy distribution function, effective electron temperature, and dust charge in the temporal afterglow of a plasma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Denysenko, I. B.; Azarenkov, N. A.; Kersten, H.

2016-05-15

Analytical expressions describing the variation of electron energy distribution function (EEDF) in an afterglow of a plasma are obtained. Especially, the case when the electron energy loss is mainly due to momentum-transfer electron-neutral collisions is considered. The study is carried out for different EEDFs in the steady state, including Maxwellian and Druyvesteyn distributions. The analytical results are not only obtained for the case when the rate for momentum-transfer electron-neutral collisions is independent on electron energy but also for the case when the collisions are a power function of electron energy. Using analytical expressions for the EEDF, the effective electron temperaturemore » and charge of the dust particles, which are assumed to be present in plasma, are calculated for different afterglow durations. An analytical expression for the rate describing collection of electrons by dust particles for the case when the rate for momentum-transfer electron-neutral collisions is independent on electron energy is also derived. The EEDF profile and, as a result, the effective electron temperature and dust charge are sufficiently different in the cases when the rate for momentum-transfer electron-neutral collisions is independent on electron energy and when the rate is a power function of electron energy.« less

10 CFR 50.22 - Class 103 licenses; for commercial and industrial facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... facilities. 50.22 Section 50.22 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION DOMESTIC LICENSING OF PRODUCTION AND..., transfer, acquire, possess, or use a production or utilization facility for industrial or commercial purposes; Provided, however, That in the case of a production or utilization facility which is useful in...

27 CFR 19.19 - Discontinuance of storage facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Discontinuance of storage... Provisions § 19.19 Discontinuance of storage facilities. If TTB determines that a proprietor's bonded storage... spirits stored in the facility to another storage facility. The transfer will take place at such time and...

27 CFR 19.19 - Discontinuance of storage facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Discontinuance of storage... Provisions § 19.19 Discontinuance of storage facilities. If TTB determines that a proprietor's bonded storage... spirits stored in the facility to another storage facility. The transfer will take place at such time and...

Molecular dynamics simulations give insight into the conformational change, complex formation, and electron transfer pathway for cytochrome P450 reductase

PubMed Central

Sündermann, Axel; Oostenbrink, Chris

2013-01-01

Cytochrome P450 reductase (CYPOR) undergoes a large conformational change to allow for an electron transfer to a redox partner to take place. After an internal electron transfer over its cofactors, it opens up to facilitate the interaction and electron transfer with a cytochrome P450. The open conformation appears difficult to crystallize. Therefore, a model of a human CYPOR in the open conformation was constructed to be able to investigate the stability and conformational change of this protein by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Since the role of the protein is to provide electrons to a redox partner, the interactions with cytochrome P450 2D6 (2D6) were investigated and a possible complex structure is suggested. Additionally, electron pathway calculations with a newly written program were performed to investigate which amino acids relay the electrons from the FMN cofactor of CYPOR to the HEME of 2D6. Several possible interacting amino acids in the complex, as well as a possible electron transfer pathway were identified and open the way for further investigation by site directed mutagenesis studies. PMID:23832577

Electron transfer across a thermal gradient

PubMed Central

Craven, Galen T.

2016-01-01

Charge transfer is a fundamental process that underlies a multitude of phenomena in chemistry and biology. Recent advances in observing and manipulating charge and heat transport at the nanoscale, and recently developed techniques for monitoring temperature at high temporal and spatial resolution, imply the need for considering electron transfer across thermal gradients. Here, a theory is developed for the rate of electron transfer and the associated heat transport between donor–acceptor pairs located at sites of different temperatures. To this end, through application of a generalized multidimensional transition state theory, the traditional Arrhenius picture of activation energy as a single point on a free energy surface is replaced with a bithermal property that is derived from statistical weighting over all configurations where the reactant and product states are equienergetic. The flow of energy associated with the electron transfer process is also examined, leading to relations between the rate of heat exchange among the donor and acceptor sites as functions of the temperature difference and the electronic driving bias. In particular, we find that an open electron transfer channel contributes to enhanced heat transport between sites even when they are in electronic equilibrium. The presented results provide a unified theory for charge transport and the associated heat conduction between sites at different temperatures. PMID:27450086

Ultrafast Electron Transfer across a Nanocapsular Wall: Coumarins as Donors, Viologen as Acceptor, and Octa Acid Capsule as the Mediator.

PubMed

Chuang, Chi-Hung; Porel, Mintu; Choudhury, Rajib; Burda, Clemens; Ramamurthy, V

2018-01-11

Results of our study on ultrafast electron transfer (eT) dynamics from coumarins (coumarin-1, coumarin-480, and coumarin-153) incarcerated within octa acid (OA) capsules as electron donors to methyl viologen dissolved in water as acceptor are presented. Upon photoexcitation, coumarin inside the OA capsule transfers an electron to the acceptor electrostatically attached to the capsule leading to a long-lived radical-ion pair separated by the OA capsular wall. This charge-separated state returns to the neutral ground state via back electron transfer on the nanosecond time scale. This system allows for ultrafast electron transfer processes through a molecular wall from the apolar capsular interior to the highly polar (aqueous) environment on the femtosecond time scale. Employing femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, distinct rates of both forward (1-25 ps) and backward eT (700-1200 ps) processes were measured. Further understanding of the energetics is provided using Rehm-Weller analysis for the investigated photoinduced eT reactions. The results provide the rates of the eT across a molecular wall, akin to an isotropic solution, depending on the standard free energy of the reaction. The insights from this work could be utilized in the future design of efficient electron transfer processes across interfaces separating apolar and polar environments.

Integrated genomic and interfacility patient-transfer data reveal the transmission pathways of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a regional outbreak.

PubMed

Snitkin, Evan S; Won, Sarah; Pirani, Ali; Lapp, Zena; Weinstein, Robert A; Lolans, Karen; Hayden, Mary K

2017-11-22

Development of effective strategies to limit the proliferation of multidrug-resistant organisms requires a thorough understanding of how such organisms spread among health care facilities. We sought to uncover the chains of transmission underlying a 2008 U.S. regional outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae by performing an integrated analysis of genomic and interfacility patient-transfer data. Genomic analysis yielded a high-resolution transmission network that assigned directionality to regional transmission events and discriminated between intra- and interfacility transmission when epidemiologic data were ambiguous or misleading. Examining the genomic transmission network in the context of interfacility patient transfers (patient-sharing networks) supported the role of patient transfers in driving the outbreak, with genomic analysis revealing that a small subset of patient-transfer events was sufficient to explain regional spread. Further integration of the genomic and patient-sharing networks identified one nursing home as an important bridge facility early in the outbreak-a role that was not apparent from analysis of genomic or patient-transfer data alone. Last, we found that when simulating a real-time regional outbreak, our methodology was able to accurately infer the facility at which patients acquired their infections. This approach has the potential to identify facilities with high rates of intra- or interfacility transmission, data that will be useful for triggering targeted interventions to prevent further spread of multidrug-resistant organisms. Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

Control of Listeria species food safety at a poultry food production facility.

PubMed

Fox, Edward M; Wall, Patrick G; Fanning, Séamus

2015-10-01

Surveillance and control of food-borne human pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, is a critical aspect of modern food safety programs at food production facilities. This study evaluated contamination patterns of Listeria species at a poultry food production facility, and evaluated the efficacy of procedures to control the contamination and transfer of the bacteria throughout the plant. The presence of Listeria species was studied along the production chain, including raw ingredients, food-contact, non-food-contact surfaces, and finished product. All isolates were sub-typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to identify possible entry points for Listeria species into the production chain, as well as identifying possible transfer routes through the facility. The efficacy of selected in-house sanitizers against a sub-set of the isolates was evaluated. Of the 77 different PFGE-types identified, 10 were found among two or more of the five categories/areas (ingredients, food preparation, cooking and packing, bulk packing, and product), indicating potential transfer routes at the facility. One of the six sanitizers used was identified as unsuitable for control of Listeria species. Combining PFGE data, together with information on isolate location and timeframe, facilitated identification of a persistent Listeria species contamination that had colonized the facility, along with others that were transient. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A unified diabatic description for electron transfer reactions, isomerization reactions, proton transfer reactions, and aromaticity.

PubMed

Reimers, Jeffrey R; McKemmish, Laura K; McKenzie, Ross H; Hush, Noel S

2015-10-14

While diabatic approaches are ubiquitous for the understanding of electron-transfer reactions and have been mooted as being of general relevance, alternate applications have not been able to unify the same wide range of observed spectroscopic and kinetic properties. The cause of this is identified as the fundamentally different orbital configurations involved: charge-transfer phenomena involve typically either 1 or 3 electrons in two orbitals whereas most reactions are typically closed shell. As a result, two vibrationally coupled electronic states depict charge-transfer scenarios whereas three coupled states arise for closed-shell reactions of non-degenerate molecules and seven states for the reactions implicated in the aromaticity of benzene. Previous diabatic treatments of closed-shell processes have considered only two arbitrarily chosen states as being critical, mapping these states to those for electron transfer. We show that such effective two-state diabatic models are feasible but involve renormalized electronic coupling and vibrational coupling parameters, with this renormalization being property dependent. With this caveat, diabatic models are shown to provide excellent descriptions of the spectroscopy and kinetics of the ammonia inversion reaction, proton transfer in N2H7(+), and aromaticity in benzene. This allows for the development of a single simple theory that can semi-quantitatively describe all of these chemical phenomena, as well as of course electron-transfer reactions. It forms a basis for understanding many technologically relevant aspects of chemical reactions, condensed-matter physics, chemical quantum entanglement, nanotechnology, and natural or artificial solar energy capture and conversion.

Closing the Guantanamo Detention Center: Legal Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-15

executive and/or legislative action to close the Guantanamo detention facility. It discusses legal issues related to the transfer or release of...challenges regarding their detention or other wartime actions taken by the Executive. The Bush Administration initially believed that Guantanamo was...executive and/or legislative action to close the Guantanamo detention facility. It discusses legal issues related to the transfer or release of Guantanamo

ADVANCED HEAT TRANSFER TEST FACILITY, TRA666A. ELEVATIONS. ROOF FRAMING PLAN. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

ADVANCED HEAT TRANSFER TEST FACILITY, TRA-666A. ELEVATIONS. ROOF FRAMING PLAN. CONCRETE BLOCK SIDING. SLOPED ROOF. ROLL-UP DOOR. AIR INTAKE ENCLOSURE ON NORTH SIDE. F.C. TORKELSON 842-MTR-666-A5, 8/1966. INL INDEX NO. 531-0666-00-851-152258, REV. 2. - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Reactor Area, Materials & Engineering Test Reactors, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Options for organization and operation of space applications transfer centers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robinson, A. C.; Madigan, J. A.

1976-01-01

The benefits of developing regional facilities for transfer of NASA developed technology are discussed. These centers are designed to inform, persuade, and serve users. Included will be equipment for applications and demonstrations of the processes, a library, training facilities, and meeting rooms. The staff will include experts in the various techniques, as well as personnel involved in finding and persuading potential users.

Electronic Transfer of School Records.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yeagley, Raymond

2001-01-01

Describes the electronic transfer of student records, notably the use of a Web-server named CHARLOTTE sponsored by the National Forum on Education Statistics and an Electronic Data Exchange system named SPEEDE/ExPRESS. (PKP)

Ru–protein–Co biohybrids designed for solar hydrogen production: understanding electron transfer pathways related to photocatalytic function† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Time traces of photocatalysis, additional EPR spectra and parameters, UV-visible spectroscopy data, and kinetic fits of TA traces. See DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03121h Click here for additional data file.

PubMed Central

Soltau, Sarah R.; Dahlberg, Peter D.; Niklas, Jens; Poluektov, Oleg G.; Mulfort, Karen L.

2016-01-01

A series of Ru–protein–Co biohybrids have been prepared using the electron transfer proteins ferredoxin (Fd) and flavodoxin (Fld) as scaffolds for photocatalytic hydrogen production. The light-generated charge separation within these hybrids has been monitored by transient optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. Two distinct electron transfer pathways are observed. The Ru–Fd–Co biohybrid produces up to 650 turnovers of H2 utilizing an oxidative quenching mechanism for Ru(ii)* and a sequential electron transfer pathway via the native [2Fe–2S] cluster to generate a Ru(iii)–Fd–Co(i) charge separated state that lasts for ∼6 ms. In contrast, a direct electron transfer pathway occurs for the Ru–ApoFld–Co biohybrid, which lacks an internal electron relay, generating Ru(i)–ApoFld–Co(i) charge separated state that persists for ∼800 μs and produces 85 turnovers of H2 by a reductive quenching mechanism for Ru(ii)*. This work demonstrates the utility of protein architectures for linking donor and catalytic function via direct or sequential electron transfer pathways to enable stabilized charge separation which facilitates photocatalysis for solar fuel production. PMID:28451142

Production of vibrationally excited N 2 by electron impact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Campbell, L.; Brunger, M. J.; Cartwright, D. C.; Teubner, P. J. O.

2004-08-01

Energy transfer from electrons to neutral gases and ions is one of the dominant electron cooling processes in the ionosphere, and the role of vibrationally excited N 2 in this is particularly significant. We report here the results from a new calculation of electron energy transfer rates ( Q) for vibrational excitation of N 2, as a function of the electron temperature Te. The present study was motivated by the development of a new cross-section compilation for vibrational excitation processes in N 2 which supercedes those used in the earlier calculations of the electron energy transfer rates. We show that the energy dependence and magnitude of these cross sections, particularly in the region of the well-known 2Π g resonance in N 2, significantly affect the calculated values of Q. A detailed comparison between the current and previous calculated electron energy transfer rates is made and coefficients are provided so that these rates for transitions from level 0 to levels 1-10 can be calculated for electron temperatures less than 6000 K.

10 CFR 770.1 - What is the purpose of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY AT DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES FOR ECONOMIC... or lease real property at defense nuclear facilities for economic development. (b) This part also... DOE activities at the defense nuclear facility. ...

Photogeneration of Charge Carriers in Bilayer Assemblies of Conjugated Rigid-Rod Polymers

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-07-08

photoinduced electron transfer and exciplex formation at the bilayer interface. Thus photocarrier generation on photoexcitation of the conjugated rigid...rod polymers in the bilayer occurs by photoinduced electron transfer, forming intermolecular exciplexes which dissociate efficiently in electric field...photogeneration, conjugated rigid-rod polymers, is. MACI COD bilayer assemblies, electron transfer, exciplexes . 11. SEOJUTY CLASUICA 10. 51(11MIE CLASSIMIAVION

Telematics and satellites. Part 1: Information systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burke, W. R.

1980-06-01

Telematic systems are identified and described. The applications are examined emphasizing the role played by satellite links. The discussion includes file transfer, examples of distributed processor systems, terminal communication, information retrieval systems, office information systems, electronic preparation and publishing of information, electronic systems for transfer of funds, electronic mail systems, record file transfer characteristics, intra-enterprise networks, and inter-enterprise networks.

Is back-electron transfer process in Betaine-30 coherent?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rafiq, Shahnawaz; Scholes, Gregory D.

2017-09-01

The possible role of coherent vibrational motion in ultrafast photo-induced electron transfer remains unclear despite considerable experimental and theoretical advances. We revisited this problem by tracking the back-electron transfer (bET) process in Betaine-30 with broadband pump-probe spectroscopy. Dephasing time constant of certain high-frequency vibrations as a function of solvent shows a trend similar to the ET rates. In the purview of Bixon-Jortner model, high-frequency quantum vibrations bridge the reactant-product energy gap by providing activationless vibronic channels. Such interaction reduces the effective coupling significantly and thereby the coherence effects are eliminated due to energy gap fluctuations, making the back-electron transfer incoherent.

Modeling time-coincident ultrafast electron transfer and solvation processes at molecule-semiconductor interfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Lesheng; Giokas, Paul G.; Kanai, Yosuke; Moran, Andrew M.

2014-06-01

Kinetic models based on Fermi's Golden Rule are commonly employed to understand photoinduced electron transfer dynamics at molecule-semiconductor interfaces. Implicit in such second-order perturbative descriptions is the assumption that nuclear relaxation of the photoexcited electron donor is fast compared to electron injection into the semiconductor. This approximation breaks down in systems where electron transfer transitions occur on 100-fs time scale. Here, we present a fourth-order perturbative model that captures the interplay between time-coincident electron transfer and nuclear relaxation processes initiated by light absorption. The model consists of a fairly small number of parameters, which can be derived from standard spectroscopic measurements (e.g., linear absorbance, fluorescence) and/or first-principles electronic structure calculations. Insights provided by the model are illustrated for a two-level donor molecule coupled to both (i) a single acceptor level and (ii) a density of states (DOS) calculated for TiO2 using a first-principles electronic structure theory. These numerical calculations show that second-order kinetic theories fail to capture basic physical effects when the DOS exhibits narrow maxima near the energy of the molecular excited state. Overall, we conclude that the present fourth-order rate formula constitutes a rigorous and intuitive framework for understanding photoinduced electron transfer dynamics that occur on the 100-fs time scale.

Microbial Biofilm Voltammetry: Direct Electrochemical Characterization of Catalytic Electrode-Attached Biofilms▿ †

PubMed Central

Marsili, Enrico; Rollefson, Janet B.; Baron, Daniel B.; Hozalski, Raymond M.; Bond, Daniel R.

2008-01-01

While electrochemical characterization of enzymes immobilized on electrodes has become common, there is still a need for reliable quantitative methods for study of electron transfer between living cells and conductive surfaces. This work describes growth of thin (<20 μm) Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms on polished glassy carbon electrodes, using stirred three-electrode anaerobic bioreactors controlled by potentiostats and nondestructive voltammetry techniques for characterization of viable biofilms. Routine in vivo analysis of electron transfer between bacterial cells and electrodes was performed, providing insight into the main redox-active species participating in electron transfer to electrodes. At low scan rates, cyclic voltammetry revealed catalytic electron transfer between cells and the electrode, similar to what has been observed for pure enzymes attached to electrodes under continuous turnover conditions. Differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy also revealed features that were consistent with electron transfer being mediated by an adsorbed catalyst. Multiple redox-active species were detected, revealing complexity at the outer surfaces of this bacterium. These techniques provide the basis for cataloging quantifiable, defined electron transfer phenotypes as a function of potential, electrode material, growth phase, and culture conditions and provide a framework for comparisons with other species or communities. PMID:18849456

Prevalence of pregnancy-related complications and course of labour of surviving women who gave birth in selected health facilities in Rwanda: a health facility-based, cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Semasaka Sengoma, Jean Paul; Krantz, Gunilla; Nzayirambaho, Manasse; Munyanshongore, Cyprien; Edvardsson, Kristina; Mogren, Ingrid

2017-07-09

This study estimated health facility-based prevalence for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage and caesarean section (CS) due to prolonged labour/dystocia. The background characteristics of Rwandan pregnant women, the course of labour and the level of healthcare were investigated in relation to pregnancy and delivery outcomes. This is health facility-based study and data were collected in 2014-2015 through structured interviews and medical records (n=817) in Kigali and Northern Province, Rwanda. Frequencies and prevalence were used to describe participants' background factors, labour and delivery-related characteristics. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed for different background factors and pregnancy/delivery outcomes. Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage and CS due to prolonged labour/dystocia represented 1%, 2.7% and 5.4% of all participants, respectively. In total, 56.4% of the participants were transferred from facilities with low levels to those with higher levels of healthcare, and the majority were transferred from health centres to district hospitals, with CS as the main reason for transfer. Participants who arrived at the health facility with cervical dilation grade of ≤3 cm spent more hours in maternity ward than those who arrived with cervical dilatation grade of ≥4 cm. Risk factors for CS due to prolonged labour or dystocia were poor households, nulliparity and residence far from health facility. The estimated health facility-based prevalence of pregnancy-related complications was relatively low in this sample from Rwanda. CS was the main reason for the transfer of pregnant women from health centres to district hospitals. Upgrading the capacity of health centres in the management of pregnant women in Rwanda may improve maternal and fetal health. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

33 CFR 156.120 - Requirements for transfer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... prevent kinking or other damage to the hose and strain on its coupling. (d) Each part of the transfer.... (cc) Smoking is not permitted in the facilities marine transfer area except in designated smoking areas. (dd) Welding, hot work operations and smoking are prohibited on vessels during the transfer of...

10 CFR 50.80 - Transfer of licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Transfer of licenses. 50.80 Section 50.80 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION DOMESTIC LICENSING OF PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION FACILITIES Transfers of Licenses-Creditors' Rights-Surrender of Licenses § 50.80 Transfer of licenses. (a) No license for a production or...

10 CFR 50.80 - Transfer of licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Transfer of licenses. 50.80 Section 50.80 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION DOMESTIC LICENSING OF PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION FACILITIES Transfers of Licenses-Creditors' Rights-Surrender of Licenses § 50.80 Transfer of licenses. (a) No license for a production or...