IN-SITU REDUCTION OF CHROMIUM-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER, SOILS, AND SEDIMENTS BY SODIUM DITHIONITE

EPA Science Inventory

Laboratory studies were conducted to characterize the extent of chromium contamination in the groundwater and underlying soils and sediments of a chrome-plating shop at the USCG Support Center near Elizabeth City, NC. Most of the mobile Cr(VI) is present in the capillary zone ...

IN-SITU REMEDIATION OF CHROMIUM-CONTAMINATED SOILS AND SEDIMENTS

EPA Science Inventory

The objectives of this study were to characterize the extent of total chromium and Cr(VI)contamination in the underlying soils and sediments of a chrome-plating shop at the USCG Support Center near Elizabeth City, NC and to evaluate the use of liquid reductants for in situ treatm...

Exposure to Sodium Dichromate at Qarmat Ali Iraq in 2003: Part 2 -- Evaluation of Army and Contractor Actions Related to Hazardous Industrial Exposure

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-28

hexavalent chromium (chromium VI), a known carcinogen. USACE and the Army command in Iraq were made aware of the exposure in 2003 and took a series of...occupational and environmental health risks to U.S. personnel from potential exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and other hazards prior to...chromium, or stigmata such as chrome ulcers. It was assumed by the 12 USACHPPM identified members of the West Virginia Army National Guard as part of the

Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5): Better Brite Plating Chrome and Zinc, De Pere, WI. (First remedial action), June 1991

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

The 2-acre Better Brite Plating Chrome and Zinc site is composed of two plating facilities in De Pere, Brown County, Wisconsin. The site includes the 1.5-acre Chrome Shop and the 0.5-acre Zinc Shop. Land use in the area is predominantly residential and commercial, with a wetlands located approximately one-quarter mile from the site. The estimated 15,000 area residents use the municipal wells drawing from the deep aquifer as a drinking water supply. The Zinc Shop has a long history of improper operational procedures and spills into the surrounding soil. The selected remedial action for this interim remedy includes continuing andmore » expanding the current operation of the ground water extraction system and pretreatment facility, which will include pretreatment of the additional water collected by the surface water and ground water collection systems, and the Chrome and Zinc shops, with discharge to the De Pere wastewater system.« less

Adsorption isotherm studies of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions using sol-gel hydrotalcite-like compounds.

PubMed

Ramos-Ramírez, Esthela; Ortega, Norma L Gutiérrez; Soto, Cesar A Contreras; Gutiérrez, Maria T Olguín

2009-12-30

In under-developed countries, industries such as paint and pigment manufacturing, leather tanning, chrome plating and textile processing, usually discharge effluents containing Cr(VI) and Cr(III) into municipal sanitary sewers. It has been reported that Cr(VI) acts as a powerful epithelial irritant and as a human carcinogen. In the present work, hydrotalcite-like compounds with a Mg/Al ratio=2 were synthesized by the sol-gel method. The hydrotalcite-like compounds and their corresponding thermally treated products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and N(2) adsorption. The hydrotalcite-like compounds and the heated solids were used as adsorbents for Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions. Adsorption isotherm studies of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution are described. The adsorbent capacity was determined using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models. The Cr(VI) adsorption isotherm data fit best to the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum Cr(VI) uptake by hydrotalcite and the heated solids was determined using the Langmuir equation and was found to range between 26 and 29 mg Cr(VI)/g adsorbent.

CAPSULE REPORT: HARD CHROME FUME ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

All existing information which includes the information extrapolated from the Hard Chrome Pollution Prevention Demonstration Project(s) and other sources derived from plating facilities and industry contacts, will be condensed and featured in this document. At least five chromium emission prevention/control devices have been tested covering a wide spectrum of techniques currently in use at small and large-sized chrome metal plating shops. The goal for limiting chromium emissions to levels specified in the MACT Standards are: (1) 0.030 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter of air (mg/dscm) for small facilities with existing tanks, (2) 0.015 mg/dscm for small facilities with new tanks or large facilities with existing or new tanks. It should be emphasized that chemical mist suppressants still have quality issues and work practices that need to be addressed when they are used. Some of the mist suppressants currently in use are: one-, two-, and three-stage mesh pad mist eliminators; composite mesh pad mist eliminators; packed-bed scrubbers and polyballs. This capsule report should, redominantly, emphasize pollution prevention techniques and include, but not be restricted to, the afore-mentioned devices. Information

Environmentally Friendly Zirconium Oxide Pretreatment

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-01

during the conversion of the highly soluble hexavalent chromate ions to an inert and relatively insoluble trivalent chromium oxide layer. Depletion of...are being used commercially in automotive and other industrial operations as replacements to hexavalent chromium -based and zinc phosphate...Society for Testing and Materials AVCRAD Aviation Classification Repair Activity Depot Chrome (VI) Hexavalent Chromium CRS Cold Rolled Steel

Chitosan supramolecularly cross linked with trimesic acid - Facile synthesis, characterization and evaluation of adsorption potential for chromium(VI).

PubMed

Bhatt, Ronak; Sreedhar, B; Padmaja, P

2017-11-01

A facile synthesis of Chitosan Supramolecularly cross-linked with Trimesic Acid (CTMA) is reported in this work. The adsorption potential of CTMA for removal of hexavalent chromium was evaluated and the influence of pH, temperature, contact time and adsorbent dose on the adsorption process was investigated. The experimental results showed that CTMA could efficiently adsorb Cr 6+ and partially reduce it to the less toxic Cr 3+ state. The maximum adsorption capacity of CTMA for Cr 6+ was found to be 129.53mg/g at pH 2.0. CTMA and chromium loaded CTMA were characterised by FT-IR, Raman, TGA-DSC, SEM-EDX, XRD, ESR and XPS spectroscopic techniques. Chitosan was observed to be cross- linked with TMA via ionic, hydrogen bonding and pi-pi supramolecular interactions while adsorption of chromium onto CTMA was by electrostatic forces and hydrogen bonding. From the observed results it was evident that CTMA was successfully applied for simultaneous removal of chromium, lead and iron from chrome plating effluent. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

NASA and ESA Collaboration on Hexavalent Chrome Free Coatings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greene, Brian

2017-01-01

Presentation on the NASA and ESA Collaboration on Hexavalent Chrome Free Coatings project. Project is in response to a Memorandum of Understanding between NASA and ESA Concerning Cooperation in the Field of Space Transportation - signed September 11, 2009. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) have expressed mutual interest in pursuing cooperation in the areas of evaluating hexavalent chrome-free coatings, environmentally-preferable coatings for maintenance of launch facilities and ground support equipment, citric acid as an alternative to nitric acid for passivation of stainless steel alloys.

Bio-reduction of Cr(VI) by exopolysaccharides (EPS) from indigenous bacterial species of Sukinda chromite mine, India.

PubMed

Harish, R; Samuel, Jastin; Mishra, R; Chandrasekaran, N; Mukherjee, A

2012-07-01

Chrome mining activity has contributed intensively towards pollution of hexavalent chromium around Sukinda Valley, Orissa, India. In an attempt to study the specific contribution of exopolysaccharides (EPS) extracted from indigenous isolates towards Cr(VI) reduction, three chromium (VI) tolerant strains were isolated from the effluent mining sludge. Based on the tolerance towards Cr(VI) and EPS production capacity, one of them was selected for further work. The taxonomic identity of the selected strain was confirmed to be Enterobacter cloacae (showing 98% similarity in BLAST search to E. cloacae) through 16S rRNA analysis. The EPS production was observed to increase with increasing Cr(VI) concentration in the growth medium, highest being 0.078 at 100 mg/l Cr(VI). The extracted EPS from Enterobacter cloacae SUKCr1D was able to reduce 31.7% of Cr(VI) at 10 mg/l concentration, which was relevant to the prevailing natural concentrations at Sukinda mine effluent sludge. The FT-IR spectral studies confirmed the surface chemical interactions of hexavalent chromium with EPS.

Role of functional groups on Aspergillus niger biomass in the detoxification of hexavalent chromium.

PubMed

Narvekar, Sneha; Vaidya, Varsha K

2009-10-01

Chromium (VI) contamination is not uncommon, especially near industries involved in leather tanning, chrome painting, metal cleaning and processing, wood preservation and alloy preparation. The mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of Chromium (VI) necessitate effective remedial processes. Difficulties associated with chemical and physical techniques to remediate a Chromium (VI) contaminated site to EPA recommended level (50 ppm), in addition to higher costs involved, assert the need for bioremedial measures. Biosorption can be one such solution to clean up heavy metal contamination. The objective of this study was to examine the main aspects of a possible strategy for the removal of Chromium (VI), employing Aspergillus niger biomass. The roles played by amines, carboxylic acids, phosphates, in Chromium (VI) biosorption were studied. Amino and the carboxy groups on the fungal cell wall play an important role in sorption. However, the role of carboxy group was far less than amino group. Surface adsorption of Chromium (VI) was also seen by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) thus indicating involvement of ion-exchange and surface adsorption mechanism in removal of Chromium (VI) ions.

40 CFR 60.260 - Applicability and designation of affected facility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... affected facility. 60.260 Section 60.260 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Performance for Ferroalloy Production Facilities § 60.260 Applicability and designation of affected facility..., ferrochrome silicon, silvery iron, high-carbon ferrochrome, charge chrome, standard ferromanganese...

40 CFR 60.260 - Applicability and designation of affected facility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... affected facility. 60.260 Section 60.260 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Performance for Ferroalloy Production Facilities § 60.260 Applicability and designation of affected facility..., ferrochrome silicon, silvery iron, high-carbon ferrochrome, charge chrome, standard ferromanganese...

The Effect of Inhaled Chromium on Different Exhaled Breath Condensate Biomarkers among Chrome-Plating Workers

PubMed Central

Caglieri, Andrea; Goldoni, Matteo; Acampa, Olga; Andreoli, Roberta; Vettori, Maria Vittoria; Corradi, Massimo; Apostoli, Pietro; Mutti, Antonio

2006-01-01

Chromium is corrosive, cytotoxic, and carcinogenic for humans and can induce acute and chronic lung tissue toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate Cr levels in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of workers exposed to Cr(VI) and to assess their relationship with biochemical changes in the airways by analyzing EBC biomarkers of oxidative stress, namely, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). EBC samples were collected from 24 chrome-plating workers employed in a chrome-plating plant both before and after the Friday work shift and before the work shift on the following Monday. Cr-EBC levels increased from the beginning (5.3 μg/L) to the end of Friday (6.4 μg/L) but were considerably lower on Monday morning (2.8 μg/L). A similar trend was observed for H2O2-EBC levels (which increased from 0.36 μM to 0.59 μM on Friday and were 0.19 μM on Monday morning) and MDA-EBC levels (which increased from 8.2 nM to 9.7 nM on Friday and were 6.6 nM on Monday). Cr-EBC levels correlated with those of H2O2-EBC (r = 0.54, p < 0.01) and MDA-EBC (r = 0.59, p < 0.01), as well as with urinary Cr levels (r = 0.25, p < 0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that EBC is a suitable matrix that can be used to investigate both Cr levels and biomarkers of free radical production sampling the epithelial-lining fluid of workers exposed to Cr(VI). PMID:16581543

Speciation of Cr(VI) in environmental samples in the vicinity of the ferrochrome smelter.

PubMed

Sedumedi, Hilda N; Mandiwana, Khakhathi L; Ngobeni, Prince; Panichev, Nikolay

2009-12-30

The impact of ferrochrome smelter on the contamination of its environment with toxic hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), was assessed by analyzing smelter dusts, soil, grass and tree barks. For the separation of Cr(VI) from Cr(III), solid samples were treated with 0.1M Na(2)CO(3) and filtered through hydrophilic PDVF 0.45 microm filter prior to the determination of Cr(VI) by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS). Ferrochrome smelter dust was found to contain significant levels of Cr(VI), viz. 43.5 microg g(-1) (cyclone dust), 2710 microg g(-1) (fine dust), and 7800 microg g(-1) (slimes dust) which exceeded the maximum acceptable risk concentration (20 microg g(-1)). The concentration of Cr(VI) in environmental samples of grass (3.4+/-0.2), soil (7.7+/-0.2), and tree bark (11.8+/-1.2) collected in the vicinity of the chrome smelter were higher as compared with the same kind of samples collected from uncontaminated area. The results of the investigation show that ferrochrome smelter is a source of environmental pollution with contamination factors of Cr(VI) ranging between 10 and 50.

The effect of anticoagulants on the distribution of chromium VI in blood fractions.

PubMed

Afolaranmi, Grace A; Tettey, Justice N A; Murray, Helen M; Meek, R M Dominic; Grant, M Helen

2010-01-01

Metal-on-metal resurfacing arthroplasty is associated with elevated circulating levels of cobalt and chromium ions. To establish the long-term safety of metal-on-metal resurfacing arthroplasty, it has been recommended that during clinical follow-up of these patients, the levels of these metal ions in blood be monitored. In this article, we provide information on the distribution of chromium VI ions (the predominant form of chromium released by cobalt-chrome alloys in vivo and in vitro) in blood fractions. Chromium VI is predominantly partitioned into red blood cells compared with plasma (analysis of variance, P < .05). The extent of accumulation in red blood cells is influenced by the anticoagulant used to collect the blood, with EDTA giving a lower partitioning into red cells compared with sodium citrate and sodium heparin. 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Therapeutic review: is ascorbic acid of value in chromium poisoning and chromium dermatitis?

PubMed

Bradberry, S M; Vale, J A

1999-01-01

Repeated topical exposure to chromium(VI) may cause an allergic contact dermatitis or the formation of chrome ulcers. Systemic toxicity may occur following the ingestion of a chromium(VI) salt, from chromium(VI)-induced skin burns, or from inhalation of chromium(VI) occurring occupationally. Soluble chromium(VI) salts are usually absorbed more easily and cross cell membranes more readily than trivalent chromium salts, and, therefore chromium(VI) is more toxic than chromium(III). In experimental studies, endogenous ascorbic acid in rat lung, liver, and kidney and human plasma, effectively reduces chromium(VI) to chromium(III). The administration of exogenous ascorbic acid has been advocated therefore in the treatment of systemic chromium poisoning and chromium dermatitis to enhance the extracellular reduction of chromium(VI) to the less bioavailable chromium(III). In vitro experiments confirm that the addition of ascorbic acid to plasma containing chromium(VI) leads to a dose-dependent reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III). In animal studies, parenteral ascorbic acid 0.5-5 g/kg significantly reduced chromium-induced nephrotoxicity when administered 30 minutes before parenteral sodium dichromate and up to 1 hour after parenteral sodium chromate dosing. Parenteral ascorbic acid 0.5-5 g/kg also reduced mortality when given orally up to 2 hours after oral potassium dichromate dosing. However, the administration of parenteral ascorbic acid more than 2 hours after parenteral chromate in these experimental studies did not protect against renal damage, and parenteral ascorbic acid given 3 hours postparenteral chromate increased toxicity. In addition, there is no confirmed clinical evidence that the administration of ascorbic acid lessens morbidity or mortality in systemic chromium poisoning. A possible reason for the lack of benefit of ascorbic acid when administration is delayed, is that chromium(VI) cellular uptake has occurred prior to ascorbic acid administration. Topical 10% ascorbic acid has been claimed to reduce significantly the healing time of experimentally induced chrome ulcers in guinea pigs. The proposed mechanism is reduction on the skin surface of chromium(VI) to chromium(III). Several case reports suggest that topical ascorbic acid is effective in the management of chromium dermatitis but this has not been confirmed in controlled clinical trials and, moreover, the practical difficulties of frequent application are likely to limit its usefulness. Based on experimental studies, substantial amounts of ascorbic acid would need to be administered, preferably parenterally, soon after exposure to prevent systemic toxicity from chromium(VI) in humans. However, as ascorbic acid is a metabolic precursor of oxalate, the administration of ascorbic acid in high dose could lead to acute oxalate nephropathy, particularly in the presence of renal failure. While smaller doses of ascorbic acid (e.g., 10 g intravenously) are not toxic, such doses probably will not reduce the mortality from systemic chromium poisoning. There is currently insufficient evidence to advocate the use of ascorbic acid in the management of systemic chromium toxicity. Topical ascorbic acid may reduce dermal hexavalent chromium exposure, but this observation must be confirmed in controlled studies.

Removal of hexavalent chromium upon interaction with biochar under acidic conditions: mechanistic insights and application.

PubMed

Choudhary, Bharat; Paul, Debajyoti; Singh, Abhas; Gupta, Tarun

2017-07-01

Chromium pollution of soil and water is a serious environmental concern due to potential carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] when ingested. Eucalyptus bark biochar (EBB), a carbonaceous black porous material obtained by pyrolysis of biomass at 500 °C under oxygen-free atmosphere, was used to investigate the removal of aqueous Cr(VI) upon interaction with the EBB, the dominant Cr(VI) removal mechanism(s), and the applicability to treat Cr(VI)-contaminated wastewater. Batch experiments showed complete removal of aqueous Cr(VI) at pH 1-2; sorption was negligible at pH 1, but ~55% of total Cr was sorbed onto the EBB surface at pH 2. Detailed investigations on unreacted and reacted EBB through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) indicate that the carboxylic groups in biochar played a dominant role in Cr(VI) sorption, whereas the phenolic groups were responsible for Cr(VI) reduction. The predominance of sorption-reduction mechanism was confirmed by XPS studies that indicated ~82% as Cr(III) and ~18% as Cr(VI) sorbed on the EBB surface. Significantly, Cr(VI) reduction was also facilitated by dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from biochar. This reduction was enhanced by the presence of biochar. Overall, the removal of Cr(VI) in the presence of biochar was affected by sorption due to electrostatic attraction, sorption-reduction mediated by surface organic complexes, and aqueous reduction by DOM. Relative dominance of the aqueous reduction mechanism depended on a critical biochar dosage for a given electrolyte pH and initial Cr(VI) concentration. The low-cost EBB developed here successfully removed all Cr(VI) in chrome tanning acidic wastewater and Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater after pH adjustment, highlighting its potential applicability in effective Cr(VI) remediation.

Studies on Rheomelanins. VI. The Apparent Lipofuscin Characteristics of Rheomelanins,

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-01

of aldchydes formed by the action of periodic acid on non carbohydrate conit-tining unsaturated phosphatides . At present we know only that in the o...A ’mV -5 1. Periodic Acid -Schiff Test 2. Long Ziehl-Neelsen Test for Acid Fast lilpofuscii 3. Alternative Nile Blue Method 4. Schmorl Test 5. Sudan...Black B in Alcohol 6. Chrome Alum Hematoxylin Test 7. Protein Determination 8. Specific Miucoprotein Test 9. Phosphoric Acid -Vanillin Lipid

Chromium VI and stomach cancer: a meta-analysis of the current epidemiological evidence.

PubMed

Welling, Roberta; Beaumont, James J; Petersen, Scott J; Alexeeff, George V; Steinmaus, Craig

2015-02-01

Chromium VI (hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI)) is an established cause of lung cancer, but its association with gastrointestinal cancer is less clear. The goal of this study was to examine whether the current human epidemiological research on occupationally inhaled Cr(VI) supports the hypothesis that Cr(VI) is associated with human stomach cancer. Following a thorough literature search and review of individual studies, we used meta-analysis to summarise the current epidemiological literature on inhaled Cr(VI) and stomach cancer, explore major sources of heterogeneity, and assess other elements of causal inference. We identified 56 cohort and case-control studies and 74 individual relative risk (RR) estimates on stomach cancer and Cr(VI) exposure or work in an occupation associated with high Cr(VI) exposure including chromium production, chrome plating, leather work and work with Portland cement. The summary RR for all studies combined was 1.27 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.38). In analyses limited to only those studies identifying increased risks of lung cancer, the summary RR for stomach cancer was higher (RR=1.41, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.69). Overall, these results suggest that Cr(VI) is a stomach carcinogen in humans, which is consistent with the tumour results reported in rodent studies. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Effects of chromium on the immune system.

PubMed

Shrivastava, Richa; Upreti, R K; Seth, P K; Chaturvedi, U C

2002-09-06

Chromium is a naturally occurring heavy metal found commonly in the environment in trivalent, Cr(III), and hexavalent, Cr(VI), forms. Cr(VI) compounds have been declared as a potent occupational carcinogen among workers in chrome plating, stainless steel, and pigment industries. The reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) results in the formation of reactive intermediates that together with oxidative stress oxidative tissue damage and a cascade of cellular events including modulation of apoptosis regulatory gene p53, contribute to the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of Cr(VI)-containing compounds. On the other hand, chromium is an essential nutrient required to promote the action of insulin in body tissues so that the body can use sugars, proteins and fats. Chromium is of significant importance in altering the immune response by immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive processes as shown by its effects on T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, cytokine production and the immune response that may induce hypersensitivity reactions. This review gives an overview of the effects of chromium on the immune system of the body. Copyright 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies

Evaluation of Solidification/Stabilization for Treating Contaminates Soils from the Frontier Hard Chrome Site

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-05-01

replicates were ɘ.020 mg/L. The chromium present was in the trivalent form. 139. Vendor 2. The replicate total chromium TCLP concentrations in the...criterion. The chromium present in the leachates was in the trivalent form, shown by concentrations of Cr(VI) of ɘ.020, ɘ.020, and 0.042 mg/L. 142...concentrations of total chromium were 4.7, 3.7, and 4.1 mg/L. Chromium is present in the trivalent form. The total chromium concentrations were below

Kinetic evaluation of chromium(VI) sorption by water lettuce (Pistia).

PubMed

Chakraborty, Rupa; Karmakar, Sukalpa; Mukherjee, Somnath; Kumar, Sunil

2014-01-01

An investigation was performed to evaluate the uptake capacity of Pistia in living condition for adsorptive removal of chromium(VI) from spiked solution for examining a remedial measure for disposal of chrome-laden wastewater in an urban wetland system. Kinetics results show about 78% removal was achieved for 3 mg/L initial concentration of Cr(VI). Experimental data showed that the root portion absorbed more Cr(VI) (28.54 μg/g) compared to accumulation in leaf (5.73 μg/g). It was also noted that the plant could effectively remove Cr(VI) from the solution with minor damage up to an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 3 mg/L, for which the adsorption isotherm studies were conducted. The maximum uptake capacity of the plant was recorded as 0.05 mg/g of Cr(VI) at the equilibrium level after a contact period of 7 days for an initial concentration of 8 mg /L, although severe physiological damage occurred. The experimental results were plotted in Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and both were found to be well fitted (r(2) = 0.979 and r(2) = 0.974 respectively). The high value of n (2.16) reveals a strong bond between the plant root and dissolved Cr(VI), which favours the adsorption process. The order of the reaction was also examined on the basis of uptake capacity and it was found that the second order model fitted best.

Monitoring of cellular enzymes in the serum of electroplating workers at Coimbatore.

PubMed

Saraswathy, C P; Usharani, M V

2007-04-01

Chromium compounds are potent toxic and carcinogenic substances. With respect to toxicity, hepatic and renal toxicity have been reported both in workers and in animals exposed to chromium (VI). Chromium (VI) compounds induces DNA damage in vivo and in cultured cells as well as the cytotoxicity evaluated by the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase. The present study reports the cytotoxicity of chrome platers who are employed from 8 to 25 years in electroplating industries at Coimbatore, Tamilnadu. Blood samples were collected and estimated for glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and total protein in the serum. The study revealed that there is a significant elevation in the level of LDH, ALP, CPK and transaminases and a decrease in total protein in serum. The results of the study suggests that chromium (VI), a hepatotoxic chemical may perhaps damage the plasma membrane resulting in leakage of enzymes in to the serum of chromeplaters.

Problems of Determining the Content of Cr(VI) in Raw Materials and Materials Containing Chromite Ore.

PubMed

Stec, Katarzyna

2017-11-02

Materials made with chromite ore are widely applied in the industry metallurgy as well as in the foundry industry. The oxidation number of chromium in these materials is both (III) and (VI). Currently there are no procedures allowing proper determination of chrome in chromite ores and ore-containing materials. The analytical methods applied, which are dedicated to a very narrow range of materials, e.g., cement, and cannot be applied in the case of materials which, apart from trace amounts of Cr(VI), contain mainly compounds of Cr(III), Fe(III) as well as trace compounds of Cu(II), Ni(II) and V(V). In the work particular attention has been paid to the preparation of test samples and creating measurement conditions in which interferences from Cr(III) and Fe(III) spectral lines could be minimized. Two separate instrumental measurement techniques have been applied: Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP AES) and the spectrophotometric method using diphenylcarbazide.

Hexavalent chromium targets mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I to induce reactive oxygen species-dependent caspase-3 activation in L-02 hepatocytes.

PubMed

Xiao, Fang; Li, Yanhong; Dai, Lu; Deng, Yuanyuan; Zou, Yue; Li, Peng; Yang, Yuan; Zhong, Caigao

2012-09-01

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], which is used for various industrial applications, such as leather tanning and chroming, can cause a number of human diseases including inflammation and cancer. Cr(VI) exposure leads to severe damage to the liver, but the mechanisms involved in Cr(VI)-mediated toxicity in the liver are unclear. The present study provides evidence that Cr(VI) enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (MRCC) I. Cr(VI) did not affect the expression levels of antioxidative proteins such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and thioredoxin (Trx), indicating that the antioxidative system was not involved in Cr(VI)-induced ROS accumulation. We found that ROS mediated caspase-3 activation partially depends on the downregulation of the heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and 90. In order to confirm our hypothesis that ROS plays a key role in Cr(VI)-mediated cytotoxicity, we used N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to inhibit the accumulation of ROS. NAC successfully blocked the inhibition of HSP70 and HSP90 as well as the activation of caspase-3, suggesting that ROS is essential in Cr(VI)-induced caspase-3 activation. By applying different MRCC substrates as electron donors, we also confirmed that Cr(VI) could accept the electrons leaked from MRCC I and the reduction occurs at MRCC I. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that Cr(VI) induces ROS-dependent caspase-3 activation by inhibiting MRCC I activity, and MRCC I has been identified as a new target and a new mechanism for the apoptosis-inducing activity displayed by Cr(VI).

Cr(VI) and Cr(III) removal from aqueous solution by raw and modified lignocellulosic materials: a review.

PubMed

Miretzky, P; Cirelli, A Fernandez

2010-08-15

In aqueous systems, chromium usually exists in both trivalent and hexavalent oxidation states, being Cr(VI) of particular importance and concern due to its great toxicity. Industrial sources of Cr(VI) are leather tanning, mining of chrome ore, production of steel and alloys, etc. The most common conventional method for Cr(VI) removal is reduction to Cr(III) at pH 2.0 and precipitation of Cr (OH)(3) with lime at pH 9-10. The disadvantage of precipitation is the disposal of the solid waste. Adsorption of Cr by different low cost materials seems to be a suitable choice for wastewater treatment. Many by-products of agriculture have proved to be suitable low cost adsorbents for Cr(VI) and Cr(III) removal from water. Lignocellulosic residues, which include both wood residues and agricultural residues, have adsorption capacity comparable to other natural sorbents, but they have the advantage of very low or no cost, great availability and simple operational process. This study is a review of the recent literature on the use of natural and modified lignocellulosic residues for Cr adsorption. The Cr maximum adsorption capacity and the adsorption mechanism under different experimental conditions are reported when possibly. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Apoptosis of lymphocytes in the presence of Cr(V) complexes: role in Cr(VI)-induced toxicity.

PubMed

Vasant, C; Balamurugan, K; Rajaram, R; Ramasami, T

2001-08-03

Cr(VI) compounds have been declared as a potent occupational carcinogen by IARC (1990) through epidemiological studies among workers in chrome plating, stainless-steel, and pigment industries. Studies relating to the role of intermediate oxidation states such as Cr(V) and Cr(IV) in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenicity are gaining importance. In this study, issues relating to toxicity elicited by Cr(V) have been addressed and comparisons made with those relating to Cr(VI) employing human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lymphocytes have been isolated from heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation and exposed to Cr(V) complexes viz. sodium bis(2-ethyl-2-hydroxybutyrato)oxochromate(V), Na[Cr(V)O(ehba)(2)], 1 and sodium bis(2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyrato)oxochromate(V), Na[Cr(V)O(hmba)(2)], 2 and Cr(VI). The phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced proliferation of lymphocytes has been found to be inhibited by the two complexes of Cr(V) and chromate Cr(VI) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Viability of cells decreases in the presence of Cr(V). Apoptosis appears to be the mode of cell death in the presence of both Cr(V) and Cr(VI). Pretreatment of cells with antioxidants before exposure to chromium(V) complexes reverse apoptosis partially. Possibility for the formation and implication of reactive oxygen species in Cr(V)-induced apoptosis of human lymphocyte cells has been indicated in this investigation. The intermediates of Cr(V) and radical species in the biotoxic pathways elicited by Cr(VI) seems feasible. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.

42 CFR 124.517 - Unrestricted availability compliance alternative for Title VI-assisted facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... for Title VI-assisted facilities. 124.517 Section 124.517 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES HEALTH RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT MEDICAL FACILITY CONSTRUCTION AND... availability compliance alternative for Title VI-assisted facilities. (a) Effect of certification. The...

Groundwater contaminated with hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)]: a health survey and clinical examination of community inhabitants (Kanpur, India).

PubMed

Sharma, Priti; Bihari, Vipin; Agarwal, Sudhir K; Verma, Vipin; Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan N; Pangtey, Balram S; Mathur, Neeraj; Singh, Kunwar Pal; Srivastava, Mithlesh; Goel, Sudhir K

2012-01-01

We assessed the health effects of hexavalent chromium groundwater contamination (from tanneries and chrome sulfate manufacturing) in Kanpur, India. The health status of residents living in areas with high Cr (VI) groundwater contamination (N = 186) were compared to residents with similar social and demographic features living in communities having no elevated Cr (VI) levels (N = 230). Subjects were recruited at health camps in both the areas. Health status was evaluated with health questionnaires, spirometry and blood hematology measures. Cr (VI) was measured in groundwater samples by diphenylcarbazide reagent method. Residents from communities with known Cr (VI) contamination had more self-reports of digestive and dermatological disorders and hematological abnormalities. GI distress was reported in 39.2% vs. 17.2% males (AOR = 3.1) and 39.3% vs. 21% females (AOR = 2.44); skin abnormalities in 24.5% vs. 9.2% males (AOR = 3.48) and 25% vs. 4.9% females (AOR = 6.57). Residents from affected communities had greater RBCs (among 30.7% males and 46.1% females), lower MCVs (among 62.8% males) and less platelets (among 68% males and 72% females) than matched controls. There were no differences in leucocytes count and spirometry parameters. Living in communities with Cr (VI) groundwater is associated with gastrointestinal and dermatological complaints and abnormal hematological function. Limitations of this study include small sample size and the lack of long term follow-up.

Groundwater Contaminated with Hexavalent Chromium [Cr (VI)]: A Health Survey and Clinical Examination of Community Inhabitants (Kanpur, India)

PubMed Central

Sharma, Priti; Bihari, Vipin; Agarwal, Sudhir K.; Verma, Vipin; Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan N.; Pangtey, Balram S.; Mathur, Neeraj; Singh, Kunwar Pal; Srivastava, Mithlesh; Goel, Sudhir K.

2012-01-01

Background We assessed the health effects of hexavalent chromium groundwater contamination (from tanneries and chrome sulfate manufacturing) in Kanpur, India. Methods The health status of residents living in areas with high Cr (VI) groundwater contamination (N = 186) were compared to residents with similar social and demographic features living in communities having no elevated Cr (VI) levels (N = 230). Subjects were recruited at health camps in both the areas. Health status was evaluated with health questionnaires, spirometry and blood hematology measures. Cr (VI) was measured in groundwater samples by diphenylcarbazide reagent method. Results Residents from communities with known Cr (VI) contamination had more self-reports of digestive and dermatological disorders and hematological abnormalities. GI distress was reported in 39.2% vs. 17.2% males (AOR = 3.1) and 39.3% vs. 21% females (AOR = 2.44); skin abnormalities in 24.5% vs. 9.2% males (AOR = 3.48) and 25% vs. 4.9% females (AOR = 6.57). Residents from affected communities had greater RBCs (among 30.7% males and 46.1% females), lower MCVs (among 62.8% males) and less platelets (among 68% males and 72% females) than matched controls. There were no differences in leucocytes count and spirometry parameters. Conclusions Living in communities with Cr (VI) groundwater is associated with gastrointestinal and dermatological complaints and abnormal hematological function. Limitations of this study include small sample size and the lack of long term follow-up. PMID:23112863

Covalently bonded ionic liquid onto cellulose for fast adsorption and efficient separation of Cr(VI): Batch, column and mechanism investigation.

PubMed

Dong, Zhen; Zhao, Long

2018-06-01

Combining the advantages of both cellulose and ionic liquid, ionic liquid functionalized cellulose (ILFC) as adsorbent was prepared through radiation grafting glycidyl methacrylate onto cellulose microsphere following by reaction with ionic liquid 1-aminopropyl-3-methyl imidazolium nitrate. Its adsorption properties towards Cr(VI) were investigated in batch and column experiments. In batch experiments, the adsorption kinetics was well fitted with pseudo-second-order mode with equilibrium time of 2 h and the adsorption capacity reached 181.8 mg/g at pH 2 calculated from Langmuir model. In fixed column, both Yoon-Nelson and Thomas models gave satisfactory fit to experimental data and breakthrough curves, and equilibrium adsorption capacity calculated by Thomas model was 161.0 mg/g. Moreover, ILFC exhibited high selectivity towards Cr(VI) even in synthetic chrome-plating wastewater. Besides, adsorption/desorption test revealed ILFC can be regenerated and reused several times without obvious decrease in adsorbed amount. The adsorption process was demonstrated to anion exchange-reduction mechanism via XPS analysis. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Prenatal exposure to chromium induces early reproductive senescence by increasing germ cell apoptosis and advancing germ cell cyst breakdown in the F1 offspring.

PubMed

Sivakumar, Kirthiram K; Stanley, Jone A; Arosh, Joe A; Pepling, Melissa E; Burghardt, Robert C; Banu, Sakhila K

2014-04-01

Hexavalent chromium (CrVI), one of the more toxic heavy metals, is widely used in more than 50 industries such as chrome plating, welding, wood processing and tanneries. As one of the world's leading producers of chromium compounds, the U.S. is facing growing challenges in protecting human health against multiple adverse effects of CrVI. CrVI is rapidly converted to CrIII intracellularly, and can induce apoptosis through different mechanisms. Our previous studies demonstrated postnatal exposure to CrVI results in a delay or arrest in follicle development and puberty. Pregnant rats were treated with 25 ppm potassium dichromate (CrVI) from gestational day (GD) 9.5 to 14.5 through drinking water, placentae were removed on GD 20, and total Cr was estimated in the placentae; ovaries were removed from the F1 offspring on postnatal day (PND)-1 and various analyses were performed. Our results show that gestational exposure to CrVI resulted in (i) increased Cr concentration in the placenta, (ii) increased germ cell apoptosis by up-regulating p53/p27-Bax-caspase-3 proteins and by increasing p53-SOD-2 co-localization; (iii) accelerated germ cell cyst (GCC) breakdown; (iv) advanced primordial follicle assembly and primary follicle transition and (v) down regulation of p-AKT, p-ERK and XIAP. As a result of the above events, CrVI induced early reproductive senescence and decrease in litter size in F1 female progeny. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Prenatal exposure to chromium induces early reproductive senescence by increasing germ cell apoptosis and advancing germ cell cyst breakdown in the F1 offspring

PubMed Central

Sivakumar, Kirthiram K.; Stanley, Jone A.; Arosh, Joe A.; Pepling, Melissa E.; Burghardt, Robert C.; Banu, Sakhila K.

2014-01-01

Hexavalent chromium (CrVI), one of the more toxic heavy metals, is widely used in more than 50 industries such as chrome plating, welding, wood processing and tanneries. As one of the world’s leading producers of chromium compounds, the U.S. is facing growing challenges in protecting human health against multiple adverse effects of CrVI. CrVI is rapidly converted to CrIII intracellularly, and can induce apoptosis through different mechanisms. Our previous studies demonstrated postnatal exposure to CrVI results in a delay or arrest in follicle development and puberty. Pregnant rats were treated with 25 ppm potassium dichromate (CrVI) from gestational day (GD) 9.5 to 14.5 through drinking water, placentae were removed on GD 20, and total Cr was estimated in the placentae; ovaries were removed from the F1 offspring on postnatal day (PND)-1 and various analyses were performed. Our results show that gestational exposure to CrVI resulted in (i) increased Cr concentration in the placenta, (ii) increased germ cell apoptosis by up-regulating p53/p27–Bax–caspase-3 proteins and by increasing p53–SOD-2 co-localization; (iii) accelerated germ cell cyst (GCC) breakdown; (iv) advanced primordial follicle assembly and primary follicle transition and (v) down regulation of p-AKT, p-ERK and XIAP. As a result of the above events, CrVI induced early reproductive senescence and decrease in litter size in F1 female progeny. PMID:24530425

Quantitative aspects of contact allergy to chromium and exposure to chrome-tanned leather.

PubMed

Hansen, Malene Barré; Rydin, Stefan; Menné, Torkil; Duus Johansen, Jeanne

2002-09-01

The potential of trivalent and hexavalent chromium to induce and elicit allergic contact dermatitis and the degree of chromium exposure from leather products are reviewed. Chromium dermatitis is often due to exposure in the occupational environment, with cement being one of the most common chromium sources. However, consumer products such as chromium(III)-tanned leather products are also an important source of chromium exposure. Apart from Cr(III), which is used for tanning, leather often also contains trace amounts of Cr(VI), which is formed by oxidation of Cr(III) during the tanning process. In a recent study of the Cr(VI) content of leather products bought on the Danish market, 35% of such articles had a Cr(VI) content above the detection limit of 3 p.p.m., ranging from 3.6 p.p.m. to 14.7 p.p.m. Leachable Cr(III) was detected at levels of 430-980 p.p.m. An examination of available dose-response studies showed that exposure to occluded patch test concentrations of 7-45 p.p.m. Cr(VI) elicits a reaction in 10% of the chromium-sensitive patients. When reviewing repeated open exposure studies, it is seen that either exposure to 5 p.p.m. Cr(VI) in the presence of 1% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or exposure to 10 p.p.m. Cr(VI) alone both elicit eczema in chromium-sensitive patients. The eliciting capacity of Cr(III) has not been systematically investigated but, compared to Cr(VI), much higher concentrations are needed to elicit eczema.

A spectroscopic study for understanding the speciation of Cr on palm shell based adsorbents and their application for the remediation of chrome plating effluents.

PubMed

Kushwaha, Shilpi; Sreedhar, B; Sudhakar, Padmaja P

2012-07-01

Palm shell based adsorbents prepared under five different thermochemical conditions have been shown to be quite effective for removal of chromium (III and VI) from aqueous solutions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) have been used to determine information about the speciation and binding of chromium on the adsorbents under study. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies indicate that oxidation of lignin moieties takes place concurrently to Cr(VI) reduction and leads to the formation of hydroxyl and carboxyl functions. The maximum adsorption capacity for hexavalent chromium was found to be about 313 mg/g in an acidic medium using PAPSP. This is comparable to other natural substrates and ordinary adsorbents. The efficacy of the adsorbents under study to remove chromium from plating waste water has been demonstrated. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Identifying a novel role for X-prolyl aminopeptidase (Xpnpep) 2 in CrVI-induced adverse effects on germ cell nest breakdown and follicle development in rats.

PubMed

Banu, Sakhila K; Stanley, Jone A; Sivakumar, Kirthiram K; Arosh, Joe A; Barhoumi, Rola; Burghardt, Robert C

2015-03-01

Environmental exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is one cause of premature ovarian failure (POF). Hexavalent chromium (CrVI) is a heavy metal EDC widely used in more than 50 industries, including chrome plating, welding, wood processing, and tanneries. Recent data from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency indicate increased levels of Cr in drinking water from several American cities, which potentially predispose residents to various health problems. Recently, we demonstrated that gestational exposure to CrVI caused POF in F1 offspring. The current study was performed to identify the molecular mechanism behind CrVI-induced POF. Pregnant rats were treated with 25 ppm of potassium dichromate from Gestational Day (GD) 9.5 to GD 14.5 through drinking water, and the fetuses were exposed to CrVI through transplacental transfer. Ovaries were removed from the fetuses or pups on Embryonic Day (ED) 15.5, ED 17.5, Postnatal Day (PND) 1, PND 4, or PND 25, and various analyses were performed. Results showed that gestational exposure to CrVI: 1) increased germ cell/oocyte apoptosis and advanced germ cell nest (GCN) breakdown; 2) increased X-prolyl aminopeptidase (Xpnpep) 2, a POF marker in humans, during GCN breakdown; 3) decreased Xpnpep2 during postnatal follicle development; and 4) increased colocalization of Xpnpep2 with Col3 and Col4. We also found that Xpnpep2 inversely regulated the expression of Col1, Col3, and Col4 in all the developmental stages studied. Thus, CrVI advanced GCN breakdown and increased follicle atresia in F1 female progeny by targeting Xpnpep2. © 2015 by the Society for the Study of Reproduction, Inc.

High Temperature Brush Seal Tuft Testing of Selected Nickel-Chrome and Cobalt-Chrome Superalloys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fellenstein, James A.; DellaCorte, Christopher; Moore, Kenneth D.; Boyes, Esther

1997-01-01

The tribology of brush seals is of considerable interest to turbine engine designers because bristle wear continues to limit long term seal performance and life. To provide better materials characterization and foster the development of improved seals, NASA Lewis has developed a brush seal tuft tester. In this test, a 'paintbrush' sample tuft is loaded under constant contact pressure against the outside diameter of a rotating journal. With this configuration, load and friction are directly measured and accurate wear measurements are possible. Previously reported research using this facility showed excellent data repeatability and wear morphology similar to published seal data and dynamic rig tests. This paper is an update of the ongoing research into the tribology of brush seals. The effects of wire materials processing on seal wear and the tribological results for three journal coatings are discussed. Included in the materials processing were two nickel-chrome superalloys each processed to two different yield strengths. The results suggest that seal wear is dependent more on material composition than processing conditions.

Two fold modified chitosan for enhanced adsorption of hexavalent chromium from simulated wastewater and industrial effluents.

PubMed

Kahu, S S; Shekhawat, A; Saravanan, D; Jugade, R M

2016-08-01

Ionic solid (Ethylhexadecyldimethylammoniumbromide) impregnated phosphated chitosan (ISPC) was synthesized and applied for enhanced adsorption of hexavalent chromium from industrial effluent. The compound obtained was extensively characterized using instrumental techniques like FT-IR, TGA-DTA, XRD, SEM, BET and EDX. ISPC showed high adsorption capacity of 266.67mg/g in accordance with Langmuir isotherm model at pH 3.0 due to the presence of multiple sites which contribute for ion pair and electrostatic interactions with Cr(VI) species. The sorption kinetics and thermodynamic studies revealed that adsorption of Cr(VI) followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with exothermic and spontaneous behaviour. Applicability of ISPC for higher sample volumes was discerned through column studies. The real chrome plating industry effluent was effectively treated with total chromium recovery of 94%. The used ISPC was regenerated simply by dilute ammonium hydroxide treatment and tested for ten adsorption-desorption cycles with marginal decrease in adsorption efficiency. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Molecular and cellular mechanisms of hexavalent chromium-induced lung cancer: an updated perspective.

PubMed

Urbano, A M; Ferreira, L M R; Alpoim, M C

2012-03-01

For over a century, chromium (Cr) has found widespread industrial and commercial use, namely as a pigment, in the production of stainless steel and in chrome plating. The adverse health effects to the skin and respiratory tract of prolonged exposure to Cr have been known or suspected for a long time, but it was much more recently that the toxicity of this element was unequivocally attributed to its hexavalent state. Based on the combined results of extensive epidemiological studies, animal carcinogenicity studies and several types of other relevant data, authoritative regulatory agencies have found sufficient evidence to classify hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds as encountered in the chromate production, chromate pigment production and chromium plating industries as carcinogenic to humans. Crucial for the development of novel strategies to prevent, detect and/or treat Cr(VI)-induced cancers is a detailed knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these pathologies. Unfortunately, in spite of a considerable research effort, crucial facets of these mechanisms remain essentially unknown. This review is intended to provide a concise, integrated and critical perspective of the current state of knowledge concerning multiple aspects of Cr(VI) carcinogenesis. It will present recent theories of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis and will include aspects not traditionally covered in other reviews, such as the possible involvement of the energy metabolism in this process. A brief discussion on the models that have been used in the studies of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenicity will also be included, due to the impact of this parameter on the relevance of the results obtained.

Refinement in black chrome for use as a solar selective coating

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcdonald, G. E.

1974-01-01

Black chrome is significant as a solar selective coating because the current extensive use of black chrome in the electroplating industry as a durable decorative finish makes black chrome widely available on a commercial scale and potentially low in cost as a solar selective coating. Black-chrome deposits were modified by underplating with dull nickel or by being plated on rough surfaces. Both of these procedures increased the visible absorptance. There was no change in the infrared reflectance for the dull-nickel - black-chrome combination from that reported for the bright-nickel - black-chrome combination. However, the bright-nickel - black-chrome coating plated on rough surfaces indicated a slight decrease in infrared reflectance. As integrated over the solar spectrum for air mass 2, the reflectance of the dull-nickel - black-chrome coating was 0.077, of the bright-nickel - black-chrome coating plated on a 0.75-micron (30-microinch) surface was 0.070, of the bright-nickel - black-chrome coating plated on a 2.5 micron (100-microinch) surface was 0.064. The corresponding values for the bright-nickel - black-chrome coating on a 0.0125-micron (0.5-microinch) surface, two samples of black nickel, and two samples of Nextrel black paint were 0.132, 0.123, 0.133, and 0.033, respectively.

[Exposure to metal compounds in occupational galvanic processes].

PubMed

Surgiewicz, Jolanta; Domański, Wojciech

2006-01-01

Occupational galvanic processes are provided in more than 600 small and medium enterprises in Poland. Workers who deal with galvanic coating are exposed to heavy metal compounds: tin, silver, copper and zinc. Some of them are carcinogenic, for example, hexavalent chromium compounds, nickel and cadmium compounds. Research covered several tens of workstations involved in chrome, nickel, zinc, tin, silver, copper and cadmium plating. Compounds of metals present in the air were determined: Cr, Ni, Cd, Sn, Ag--by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization (ET-AAS) and Zn--by atomic absorption spectrometry with flame atomization (F-AAS). The biggest metal concentrations--of silver and copper--were found at workstations of copper, brass, cadmium, nickel and chrome plating, conducted at the same time. Significant concentrations of copper were found at workstations of maintenance bathing and neutralizing of sewage. The concentrations of metals did not exceed Polish MAC values. MAC values were not exceeded for carcinogenic chromium(VI), nickel or cadmium, either. In galvanic processes there was no hazard related to single metals or their compounds, even carcinogenic ones. Combined exposure indicators for metals at each workstation did not exceed 1, either. However, if there are even small quantities of carcinogenic agents, health results should always be taken into consideration.

Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of Army Main Battle Tank Components

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-07-01

Inconel 718, and Inconel 625 were deposited onto low-alloy carbon steel and Inconel 718 substrates. 6.2 ESD Procedure Development (M1A1... Inconel 625 Inconel 718 Inconel 718 Inconel 718 Electrode diameter (in) 0.125 0.125 0.125 .125 0.125 0.125 Pulse rate (Hz) 400 400 400 400 400 400...coating Chrome plating Chrome plating Chrome plating Chrome plating Chrome plating Chrome plating Electrode alloy Inconel 718 Inconel

The dark side of sniffing: paint colour affects intoxication experiences among adolescent inhalant users.

PubMed

Takagi, Michael J; Yücel, Murat; Lubman, Dan I

2010-07-01

Inhalant abuse among adolescents is a significant health concern in many countries; however, limited research has explored whether the intoxication experience differs between commonly used inhalants. The aim of the present study was to examine how exposure to different types of paints (chrome vs. non-chrome) were experienced by adolescent users. Sixteen adolescent (aged 15-19 years) regular inhalant users completed a semistructured questionnaire enquiring about their inhalant use. Participants were divided into two groups based on paint colour preference [chrome paints (n = 10) and non-chrome paints (n = 6)] and were compared using appropriate statistical tests. Relative to non-chrome users, the chrome-using group were more likely to report deliberately inhaling to experience altered perceptions (such as visual and auditory hallucinations). In addition, a significantly greater proportion of chrome users reported that the perceptual alterations they experienced after sniffing paint differed between paint colours, with chrome colours being associated with more vivid hallucinations. While both chrome and non-chrome users reported a comparable level of pleasure from paint sniffing, chrome paint users were more likely to be motivated by the potential to hallucinate. Our findings suggest that the type of inhalant used is an important consideration that may have relevance to clinical treatment.

Risk factors for visual impairment and blindness amongst black adult diabetics receiving treatment at Government healthcare facilities in Mopani District, Limpopo province, South Africa.

PubMed

Mabaso, Raymond G; Oduntan, Olalekan A

2014-11-21

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common systemic disease amongst Black South Africans. It may lead to diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common cause of visual impairment (VI) and blindness. DR may signifiantly increase the prevalence of VI and blindness. To assess risk factors for VI and blindness amongst a black diabetic South African population aged ≥ 40 years. The study was conducted in seven Government healthcare facilities (two hospitals, four clinics and one health centre) in Mopani District, Limpopo province, South Africa. This was a cross-sectional health facility-based quantitative study. Structured interviews were used to obtain information, which included sociodemographic profie, knowledge about DM and its ocular complications, presence of hypertension and accessibility to health facilities. Subsequently participants were examined for VI and blindness using an autorefractor, pinhole disc, ophthalmoscope and logMAR visual acuity chart. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight and waist) were also taken. Associations between 31 risk factors and VI as well as blindness were statistically examined. Participants (N = 225) included 161 women and 64 men aged 40-90 years (mean 61.5 ± 10.49 years); 41.3% of them had VI and 3.6% were blind. Cataracts (76.8%) and DR (7.1%) were the common causes of compensated VI and blindness. Risk factors that were associated with VI and blindness were age, monthly income, compliance with losing weight and physical activity. Findings suggest that lifestyle intervention and appropriate eyecare programmes may reduce VI and blindness in this population.

Risk factors for visual impairment and blindness amongst black adult diabetics receiving treatment at Government healthcare facilities in Mopani District, Limpopo province, South Africa

PubMed Central

Oduntan, Olalekan A.

2014-01-01

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common systemic disease amongst Black South Africans. It may lead to diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common cause of visual impairment (VI) and blindness. DR may significantly increase the prevalence of VI and blindness. Aim To assess risk factors for VI and blindness amongst a black diabetic South African population aged ≥ 40 years. Setting The study was conducted in seven Government healthcare facilities (two hospitals, four clinics and one health centre) in Mopani District, Limpopo province, South Africa. Methods This was a cross-sectional health facility-based quantitative study. Structured interviews were used to obtain information, which included sociodemographic profile, knowledge about DM and its ocular complications, presence of hypertension and accessibility to health facilities. Subsequently participants were examined for VI and blindness using an autorefractor, pinhole disc, ophthalmoscope and logMAR visual acuity chart. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight and waist) were also taken. Associations between 31 risk factors and VI as well as blindness were statistically examined. Results Participants (N = 225) included 161 women and 64 men aged 40–90 years (mean 61.5 ± 10.49 years); 41.3% of them had VI and 3.6% were blind. Cataracts (76.8%) and DR (7.1%) were the common causes of compensated VI and blindness. Risk factors that were associated with VI and blindness were age, monthly income, compliance with losing weight and physical activity. Conclusion Findings suggest that lifestyle intervention and appropriate eyecare programmes may reduce VI and blindness in this population. PMID:26245418

Lung cancer mortality in nickel/chromium platers, 1946-95.

PubMed

Sorahan, T; Burges, D C; Hamilton, L; Harrington, J M

1998-04-01

To investigate mortality from lung cancer in nickel/chromium platers. The mortality experience of a cohort of 1762 chrome workers (812 men, 950 women) from a large electroplating and light engineering plant in the Midlands, United Kingdom, was investigated for the period 1946-95. All subjects were first employed in chrome work at the plant during the period 1946-75, and had at least six months employment in jobs associated with exposure to chromic acid mist (hexavalent chromium). Detailed job histories were abstracted from original company personnel records and individual cumulative durations of employment in three types of chrome work were derived as time dependent variables (chrome bath work, other chrome work, any chrome work). Two analytical approaches were used--indirect standardisation and Poisson regression. Based on mortalities for the general population of England and Wales, male workers with some period of chrome bath work had higher lung cancer mortalities (observed deaths 40, expected deaths 25.41, standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 157, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 113 to 214, p < 0.01) than did other male chrome workers (observed 9, expected 13.70, SMR 66, 95% CI 30 to 125). Similar findings were shown for female workers (chrome bath workers: observed 15, expected 8.57, SMR 175, 95% CI 98 to 289, p = 0.06; other chrome workers: observed 1, expected 4.37, SMR 23, 95% CI 1 to 127). Poisson regression was used to investigate risks of lung cancer relative to four categories of cumulative duration of chrome bath work and four categories of cumulative duration of other chrome work (none, < 1 y, 1-4 y, > or = 5 y). After adjusting for sex, age, calendar period, year of starting chrome work, period from first chrome work, and employment status (still employed v left employment), there was a significant positive trend (p < 0.05) between duration of chrome bath work and risks of mortality for lung cancer. Relative to a risk of unity for those chrome workers without any period of chrome bath work, risks were 2.83 (95% CI 1.47 to 5.45), 1.61 (95% CI 0.75 to 3.44), and 4.25 (95% CI 1.83 to 9.87) for the second, third, and fourth exposure categories, respectively. Duration of other chrome work was not a useful predictor of risks of lung cancer. Similar findings for both variables were obtained when adjustment was made for sex and age only. Similar findings for both variables were obtained relative to risk of chrome nasal ulceration. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that soluble hexavalent chromium compounds are potent human lung carcinogens.

ALTERNATIVE TO CHROME ETCHING PROCESSES FOR METALS

EPA Science Inventory

Several industries, including the National Center for Manufacturing Science have initiated programs for chrome abatement. The programs, however, generally focus on chrome reduction by use of existing technologies and do not address the elimination of chrome in pretreatment proces...

Chromium (VI)-induced oxidative stress, apoptotic cell death and modulation of p53 tumor suppressor gene.

PubMed

Bagchi, D; Bagchi, M; Stohs, S J

2001-06-01

Chromium (VI) is a widely used industrial chemical, extensively used in paints, metal finishes, steel including stainless steel manufacturing, alloy cast irons, chrome, and wood treatment. On the contrary, chromium (III) salts such as chromium polynicotinate, chromium chloride and chromium picolinate, are used as micronutrients and nutritional supplements, and have been demonstrated to exhibit a significant number of health benefits in rodents and humans. However, the cause for the hexavalent chromium to induce cytotoxicity is not entirely understood. A series of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that chromium (VI) induces an oxidative stress through enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to genomic DNA damage and oxidative deterioration of lipids and proteins. A cascade of cellular events occur following chromium (VI)-induced oxidative stress including enhanced production of superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, increased lipid peroxidation and genomic DNA fragmentation, modulation of intracellular oxidized states, activation of protein kinase C, apoptotic cell death and altered gene expression. In this paper, we have demonstrated concentration- and time-dependent effects of sodium dichromate (chromium (VI) or Cr (VI)) on enhanced production of superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, changes in intracellular oxidized states as determined by laser scanning confocal microscopy, DNA fragmentation and apoptotic cell death (by flow cytometry) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These results were compared with the concentration-dependent effects of chromium (VI) on chronic myelogenous leukemic K562 cells and J774A.1 murine macrophage cells. Chromium (VI)-induced enhanced production of ROS, as well as oxidative tissue and DNA damage were observed in these cells. More pronounced effect was observed on chronic myelogenous leukemic K562 cells and J774A.1 murine macrophage cells. Furthermore, we have assessed the effect of a single oral LD50 dose of chromium (VI) on female C57BL/6Ntac and p53-deficient C57BL/6TSG p53 mice on enhanced production of superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation in the hepatic and brain tissues. Chromium (VI)-induced more pronounced oxidative damage in p53 deficient mice. This in vivo study highlighted that apoptotic regulatory protein p53 may play a major role in chromium (VI)-induced oxidative stress and toxicity. Taken together, oxidative stress and oxidative tissue damage, and a cascade of cellular events including modulation of apoptotic regulatory gene p53 are involved in chromium (VI)-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis.

Occupational exposure to chrome VI compounds in French companies: results of a national campaign to measure exposure (2010-2013).

PubMed

Vincent, Raymond; Gillet, Martine; Goutet, Pierre; Guichard, Christine; Hédouin-Langlet, Catherine; Frocaut, Anne Marie; Lambert, Pierre; Leray, Fabrice; Mardelle, Patricia; Dorotte, Michel; Rousset, Davy

2015-01-01

A campaign to measure exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds was carried out in France by the seven CARSAT chemistry laboratories, CRAMIF laboratory, and INRS over the 2010-2013 period. The survey included 99 companies involved in various activity sectors. The inhalable fraction of airborne particles was sampled, and exposure levels were determined using ion chromatography analysis combined with post-column derivatization and UV detection. The quality of the measurement results was guaranteed by an inter-laboratory comparison system involving all the laboratories participating in this study. Exposure levels frequently exceeded the French occupational exposure limit value (OELV) of 1 µg m(-3), in activities such as thermal metallization and manufacturing and application of paint in the aeronautics sector. The results also reveal a general trend for a greater proportion of soluble Chromium VI (Cr VI) compounds compared with insoluble compounds. Qualitative and quantitative information relating to the presence of other metallic compounds in the air of workplaces is also provided, for example for Cr III, Ni, Fe, etc. The sampling strategy used and the measurement method are easy to implement, making it possible to check occupational exposure with a view to comparing it to an 8 h-OELV of 1 µg m(-3). © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society.

40 CFR Appendix Vi to Part 266 - Stack Plume Rise

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 27 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Stack Plume Rise VI Appendix VI to Part 266 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED... FACILITIES Pt. 266, App. VI Appendix VI to Part 266—Stack Plume Rise [Estimated Plume Rise (in Meters) Based...

40 CFR Appendix Vi to Part 266 - Stack Plume Rise

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Stack Plume Rise VI Appendix VI to Part 266 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED... FACILITIES Pt. 266, App. VI Appendix VI to Part 266—Stack Plume Rise [Estimated Plume Rise (in Meters) Based...

NASA and ESA Collaboration on Hexavalent Chrome Alternatives - Pretreatments with Primers Screening Final Test Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rothgeb, Matthew J.; Kessel, Kurt R.

2015-01-01

Hexavalent chromium (hex chrome or Cr(VI)) is a widely used element within applied coating systems because of its self-healing and corrosion-resistant properties. The replacement of hex chrome in the processing of aluminum for aviation and aerospace applications remains a goal of great significance. Aluminum is the major manufacturing material of structures and components in the space flight arena. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) are engaged in a collaborative effort to test and evaluate alternatives to hexavalent chromium containing corrosion coating systems. NASA and ESA share common risks related to material obsolescence associated with hexavalent chromium used in corrosion-resistant coatings. In the United States, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) studies have concluded that hexavalent chromium is carcinogenic and poses significant risk to human health. On May 5, 2011, amendments to the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS) were issued in the Federal Register. Subpart 223.73 prohibits contracts from requiring hexavalent chromium in deliverables unless certain exceptions apply. Subpart 252.223-7008 provides the contract clause prohibiting contractors and subcontractors from using or delivering hexavalent chromium in a concentration greater than 0.1 percent by weight for all new contracts associated with supplies, maintenance and repair services, and construction materials. ESA faces its own increasingly stringent regulations within European directives such as Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical (REACH) substances and the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) which have set a mid-2017 sunset date for hexavalent chromium. NASA and ESA continue to search for an alternative to hexavalent chromium in coatings applications that meet their performance requirements in corrosion protection, cost, operability, and health and safety, while typically specifying that performance must be equal to or greater than existing systems. The overall objective of the collaborative effort between NASA TEERM and ESA is to test and evaluate coating systems (pretreatments, pretreatments with primer, and pretreatments with primer and topcoat) as replacements for hexavalent chrome coatings in aerospace applications. This objective will be accomplished by testing promising coatings identified from previous NASA, ESA, Department of Defense (DOD), and other project experience. Additionally, several new materials will be analyzed according to ESA-identified specifications.

Black chrome on commercially electroplated tin as a solar selecting coating

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcdonald, G. E.

1977-01-01

The reflectance properties of black chrome electroplated on commercially electroplated tin were measured for various black chrome plating times for both the solar and infrared spectrum. The values of absorptance and emittance were calculated from the measured reflectance values. The results indicate that the optimum combination of the highest absorptance in the solar region and the lowest emittance in the infrared of the black chrome plated on commercially electroplated tin is obtained for a black chrome plating time of between one and two minutes.

Lung cancer in Yorkshire chrome platers, 1972-97.

PubMed

Sorahan, T; Harrington, J M

2000-06-01

To investigate mortality from lung cancer in chrome platers, a group exposed to chromic acid. The mortality of a cohort of 1087 chrome platers (920 men, 167 women) from 54 plants situated in the West Riding of Yorkshire, United Kingdom, was investigated for the period 1972-97. All subjects were employed as chrome platers for >/=3 months and all were alive on 31 May 1972. Mortality data were also available for a cohort of 1163 comparison workers with no known occupational exposure to chrome compounds (989 men, 174 women). Information on duration of chrome work and smoking habits collected for a cross sectional survey carried out in 1969-72 were available for 916 (84.3%) of the chrome platers; smoking habits were available for 1004 (86.3%) comparison workers. Two analytical approaches were used, indirect standardisation and Poisson regression. Based on serial mortality rates for the general population of England and Wales, significantly increased mortality from lung cancer was observed (obs) in male chrome platers (obs 60, expected (exp) 32.5, standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 185, p<0. 001) but not in male comparison workers (obs 47, exp 36.9, SMR 127). Positive trends were not shown for duration of employment exposed to chrome, although data on working after 1972 were not available. Confident interpretation is not possible but occupational exposures to hexavalent chromium may well have been involved in the increased mortality from lung cancer found in this cohort of chrome platers.

Microbial Influenced Corrosion (MIC) Study

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-23

DAY 28 Chrome  Conversion Coating  Coupon Type: A    Alodine 1200 (Henkel)  Non‐ Chrome  Treatment  Coupon Type: E    Prekote® (Pantheon Chemical... Chrome  Conversion Coating +  Chrome  Primer  Coupon Type: B    Alodine 1200 (Henkel)  MIL PRF 23377H TY 1 CL 2 (Deft‐ ‐ ,    ,       ‐   02Y040A)  Non... Chrome  Treatment + Non‐ Chrome  Primer  Coupon Type: F BUSINESS SENSITIVE 23         Prekote® (Pantheon Chemical)  MIL‐PRF‐23377H, TY 1, CL N (Deft

Design Architecture of field-effect transistor with back gate electrode for biosensor application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fathil, M. F. M.; Arshad, M. K. Md.; Hashim, U.; Ruslinda, A. R.; Gopinath, Subash C. B.; M. Nuzaihan M., N.; Ayub, R. M.; Adzhri, R.; Zaki, M.; Azman, A. H.

2016-07-01

This paper presents the preparation method of photolithography chrome mask design used in fabrication process of field-effect transistor with back gate biasing based biosensor. Initially, the chrome masks are designed by studying the process flow of the biosensor fabrication, followed by drawing of the actual chrome mask using the AutoCAD software. The overall width and length of the device is optimized at 16 mm and 16 mm, respectively. Fabrication processes of the biosensor required five chrome masks, which included source and drain formation mask, the back gate area formation mask, electrode formation mask, front gate area formation mask, and passivation area formation mask. The complete chrome masks design will be sent for chrome mask fabrication and for future use in biosensor fabrication.

Investigations on the nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds.

PubMed

Dartsch, P C; Hildenbrand, S; Kimmel, R; Schmahl, F W

1998-09-01

In contrast to trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) compounds, hexavalent chromium ((Cr(VI)) compounds are oxidizing agents capable of directly inducing tissue damage and possessing carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic potency. After oral or dermal absorption of Cr(VI), the kidney is the main target organ for chromium accumulation, which might result in acute tubular necrosis in humans. In contrast, an acute toxic effect of Cr(VI) on the liver has not yet been described. Therefore, we used two established epithelial cell lines from the kidney (Opossum kidney cells) and the liver (Hep G2 cells) to design an in vitro-assay which is able to examine acute toxic effects of chromium compounds. Cells of both cell lines were treated with various concentrations of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ranging from 0.01 micromol/l to 1 mmol/l for 24 h. Thereafter, cell morphology, organization of the intracellular cytoskeleton, number of viable cells and mean cell volume were examined. The results show that Cr(VI), but not Cr(III), has an acute cytotoxic effect and causes a dose-dependent loss in cell viability. The effective dose that caused 50% of cell death was 5 micromol/l for kidney epithelial cells and 50 micromol/l for liver epithelial cells. This means that kidney epithelial cells are 10 times more sensitive towards Cr(VI) treatment than liver epithelial cells and this might explain the known nephrotoxicity in vivo. The loss in cell viability was accompanied by a rounding and detachment of the cells and a marked reduction of intracellular F-actin-containing stress fibers. Microtubules and intermediate-sized filaments were observed to be unaffected. Only in the case of kidney epithelial cells, a dose-dependent cell volume increase was observed after Cr(VI) treatment at concentrations up to 50 micromol/l. At higher concentrations, the cell volume decreased due to the high number of cells undergoing lysis and the appearance of cellular fragments. Various chloride channel blockers with different specificities, molecular structures and inhibitory potentials were tested for their ability to prevent Cr(VI)-induced cell damage. None of the channel blockers was able to inhibit cell damage, suggesting that the uptake of Cr(VI) through the general anion transport system of the cell membrane might be only one facet of cellular uptake and toxification. The data presented here not only confirm the different organ-specific effects of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), but also provide a basis for future experiments on the understanding of acute toxicity of Cr(VI) compounds. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the designed in vitro-assay might be a useful tool to prove whether non-toxic Cr(III) can be oxidized to Cr(VI) under specific industrial conditions (for example, in the leather or chrome industry).

Electrodeposition of Nanocrystalline Cobalt Phosphorous Coatings as a Hard Chrome Alternative

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-11-01

1 ASETSDefense 2014 Electrodeposition of Nanocrystalline Cobalt Phosphorous Coatings as a Hard Chrome Alternative Ruben A. Prado, CEF...COVERED 00-00-2014 to 00-00-2014 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Electrodeposition of Nanocrystalline Cobalt Phosphorous Coatings as a Hard Chrome Alternative...coatings as a Hard Chrome (EHC) electroplating alternative for DoD manufacturing and repair. – Fully define deposition parameters and properties

Characterization and Quantification of Hexavalent Chromium and Other Toxic Metals in the Air of Communities Surrounding Metal Processing Facilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pikelnaya, O.; Polidori, A.; Low, J.

2017-12-01

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and other toxic metals are often emitted during metal forging, cutting, grinding and plating operations. In the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) many of such operations are conducted by relatively small facilities intertwined within residential communities in the cities of Paramount, Compton, Long Beach and Anaheim. In response to the city of Paramount community members' complaints of "metallic" odors, the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) initiated a local air sampling study for toxic metals, which found elevated Cr(VI) and nickel levels in the community downwind of selected metal processing facilities. SCAQMD worked with these facilities to reduce the emissions from their metal grinding operations, which resulted in substantial reduced nickel levels, but did not reduce Cr(VI) levels. In order to fully understand the source(s) of these emissions, SCAQMD has been deploying portable samplers for Cr(VI) monitoring throughout the city of Paramount since October 2016. During this presentation we will discuss the results of more than a year of Cr(VI) analyses of samplers collected throughout the City of Paramount, as well as data from a continuous metal monitor deployed at one of the sites. We will also discuss options and challenges for expanding of Cr(VI) monitoring to other communities in the SCAB that are adjacent to metal forging and grinding operations; and explore emerging new technologies to address such monitoring challenges.

Lung cancer in Yorkshire chrome platers, 1972-97

PubMed Central

Sorahan, T.; Harrington, J

2000-01-01

OBJECTIVES—To investigate mortality from lung cancer in chrome platers, a group exposed to chromic acid.
METHODS—The mortality of a cohort of 1087 chrome platers (920 men, 167 women) from 54 plants situated in the West Riding of Yorkshire, United Kingdom, was investigated for the period 1972-97. All subjects were employed as chrome platers for ⩾3 months and all were alive on 31 May 1972. Mortality data were also available for a cohort of 1163 comparison workers with no known occupational exposure to chrome compounds (989 men, 174 women). Information on duration of chrome work and smoking habits collected for a cross sectional survey carried out in 1969-72 were available for 916 (84.3%) of the chrome platers; smoking habits were available for 1004 (86.3%) comparison workers. Two analytical approaches were used, indirect standardisation and Poisson regression.
RESULTS—Based on serial mortality rates for the general population of England and Wales, significantly increased mortality from lung cancer was observed (obs) in male chrome platers (obs 60, expected (exp) 32.5, standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 185, p<0.001) but not in male comparison workers (obs 47, exp 36.9, SMR 127). Positive trends were not shown for duration of employment exposed to chrome, although data on working after 1972 were not available.
CONCLUSIONS—Confident interpretation is not possible but occupational exposures to hexavalent chromium may well have been involved in the increased mortality from lung cancer found in this cohort of chrome platers.


Keywords: chromium plating; lung cancer PMID:10810127

Ultrasound assisted chrome tanning: Towards a clean leather production technology.

PubMed

Mengistie, Embialle; Smets, Ilse; Van Gerven, Tom

2016-09-01

Nowadays, there is a growing demand for a cleaner, but still effective alternative for production processes like in the leather industry. Ultrasound (US) assisted processing of leather might be promising in this sense. In the present paper, the use of US in the conventional chrome tanning process has been studied at different pH, temperature, tanning time, chrome dose and US exposure time by exposing the skin before tanning and during tanning operation. Both prior exposure of the skin to US and US during tanning improves the chrome uptake and reduces the shrinkage significantly. Prior exposure of the skin to US increase the chrome uptake by 13.8% or reduces the chrome dose from 8% to 5% (% based on skin weight) and shorten the process time by half while US during tanning increases the chrome uptake by 28.5% or reduces the chrome dose from 8% to 4% (half) and the tanning time to one third compared to the control without US. Concomitantly, the resulting leather quality (measured as skin shrinkage) improved from 5.2% to 3.2% shrinkage in the skin exposed to US prior tanning and to 1.3% in the skin exposed to US during the tanning experiment. This study confirms that US chrome tanning is an effective and eco-friendly tanning process which can produce a better quality leather product in a shorter process time with a lower chromium dose. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

AMCOM Hexavalent Chrome Free Initiatives

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

AMCOM Hexavalent Chrome Free Initiatives 1 December 2010 SERDP-ESTCP Symposium Washington DC Mark Feathers AMCOM G-4 Environmental Division... Hexavalent Chrome Free Initiatives 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f...system environmental life cycle sustainability. G-4 is actively engaged in initiatives to reduce the use of hexavalent chrome used in materials and

Review of carcinogenicity of hexavalent chrome and proposal of revising approval standards for an occupational cancers in Korea.

PubMed

Kim, Jungwon; Seo, Sangyun; Kim, Yangho; Kim, Dae Hwan

2018-01-01

The objective of this study is to suggest revised recognition standards for occupational disease due to chromium (VI) by reflecting recent domestic and international research works and considering domestic exposure status with respect to target organs, exposure period, and cumulative exposure dose in relation to the chromium (VI)-induced occupational disease compensation. In this study, the reports published by major international institutions such as World Health Organization (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (2012), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (2006), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (2013), American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) (2004), National Toxicology Program (NTP) (2014), and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ASTDR) (2012) were reviewed and the recent research works searched by PubMed were summarized. Considering the recent research works and the domestic situation, only lung cancer is conserved in the legislative bill in relation to chromium (VI), and the exposure period is not included in the bill. Nasal and paranasal sinus cancer was excluded from the list of cancers that are compensated as the chromium (VI)- induced occupational disease, while lung cancer remains in the list. In the view of legislative unity, considering the fact that only the cancers having sufficient evidence are included in the conventional list of cancers compensated as occupational disease, nasal and paranasal sinus cancer having limited evidence were excluded from the list.The exposure period was also removed from the legislative bill due to the insufficient evidence. Recent advices in connection with cumulative exposure dose were proposed, and other considerable points were provided with respect to individual occupational relevance. It is suggested that the current recognition standard which is "Lung cancer or nasal and paranasal sinus cancer caused by exposure to chromium (VI) or compounds thereof (exposure for two years or longer), or nickel compounds" should be changed to "Lung cancer caused by exposure to chromium (VI) or compounds thereof, and lung cancer or nasal and paranasal sinus cancer caused by exposure to nickel compounds".

Spectral reflectance properties of black chrome for use as a solar selective coating

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcdonald, G. E.

1974-01-01

The NASA-Lewis Research Center has determined that a widely available commercially electroplated decorative finish known as black chrome has desirable solar selective properties. Black chrome electroplated coating has high absorbtance in the solar spectrum and low emissivity in the 250 F blackbody thermal spectrum. The spectral reflectance properties of a commercially prepared black chrome on steel have been measured. Values are presented for reflectance of the black chrome, and compared with the reflectance of black paint and with two available samples of black nickel which had been prepared for solar selective properties. The reflectance of black chrome, of the two black nickels, and of black paint integrated over the solar spectrum for air mass 2 were 0.132, 0.123, 0.133, and 0.033, respectively. The reflectance of the black chrome, two black nickels, and of the black paint integrated over the blackbody spectrum for 250 F from 3 to 15 microns are 0.912, 0.934, 0.891, and 0.033, respectively. These reflectance measurements indicate absorptivity-to-emissivity values of 9.8, 13.8, 8.0, and 1.00, respectively.

Cytotoxicity and oxidative mechanisms of different forms of chromium.

PubMed

Bagchi, Debasis; Stohs, Sidney J; Downs, Bernard W; Bagchi, Manashi; Preuss, Harry G

2002-10-30

Chromium exists mostly in two valence states in nature: hexavalent chromium [chromium(VI)] and trivalent chromium [chromium(III)]. Chromium(VI) is commonly used in industrial chrome plating, welding, painting, metal finishes, steel manufacturing, alloy, cast iron and wood treatment, and is a proven toxin, mutagen and carcinogen. The mechanistic cytotoxicity of chromium(VI) is not completely understood, however, a large number of studies demonstrated that chromium(VI) induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptotic cell death and altered gene expression. Conversely, chromium(III) is essential for proper insulin function and is required for normal protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, and is acknowledged as a dietary supplement. In this paper, comparative concentration- and time-dependent effects of chromium(VI) and chromium(III) were demonstrated on increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, enhanced excretion of urinary lipid metabolites, DNA fragmentation and apoptotic cell death in both in vitro and in vivo models. Chromium(VI) demonstrated significantly higher toxicity as compared with chromium(III). To evaluate the role of p53 gene, the dose-dependent effects of chromium(VI) were assessed in female C57BL/6Ntac and p53-deficient C57BL/6TSG p53 mice on enhanced production of ROS, lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation in hepatic and brain tissues. Chromium(VI) induced more pronounced oxidative damage in multiple target organs in p53 deficient mice. Comparative studies of chromium(III) picolinate and niacin-bound chromium(III), two popular dietary supplements, reveal that chromium(III) picolinate produces significantly more oxidative stress and DNA damage. Studies have implicated the toxicity of chromium picolinate in renal impairment, skin blisters and pustules, anemia, hemolysis, tissue edema, liver dysfunction; neuronal cell injury, impaired cognitive, perceptual and motor activity; enhanced production of hydroxyl radicals, chromosomal aberration, depletion of antioxidant enzymes, and DNA damage. Recently, chromium picolinate has been shown to be mutagenic and picolinic acid moiety appears to be responsible as studies show that picolinic acid alone is clastogenic. Niacin-bound chromium(III) has been demonstrated to be more bioavailable and efficacious and no toxicity has been reported. In summary, these studies demonstrate that a cascade of cellular events including oxidative stress, genomic DNA damage and modulation of apoptotic regulatory gene p53 are involved in chromium(VI)-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis. The safety of chromium(III) is largely dependent on the ligand, and adequate clinical studies are warranted to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of chromium(III) for human consumption.

Qualification and Flight Test of Non-Chrome Primers for C-130 Aircraft

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-17

system  Significant hexavalent chrome reduction in finish system  Potential exposure level of spray applied chromated conversion coating not as...Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company Qualification and Flight Test of Non- Chrome Primers for C-130 Aircraft Scott Jones Lockheed Martin...00-2011 to 00-00-2011 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Qualification and Flight Test of Non- Chrome Primers for C-130 Aircraft 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT

Structure of a black chrome solar selective surface

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lampert, C.M.

1978-07-01

The structure of ''CHROM-ONYX'' type of black chrome/metal selective absorber was studied to gain a better understanding of its influence upon the mechanism of wavelength selectivity. Spectral reflectance measurements were performed on seven samples. The best selectivity was found by these measurements to be 0.7 micron of black chrome on nickel and 1.0 micron of black chrome on copper. Both scanning and transmission electron microscopy were employed to study microstructure and chemical composition. As a result of the combined studies, some effects of black chrome thickness and the metallic substrate were determined. It was found that black chrome consisted ofmore » a very fine metallic distribution of particles of chromium, possibly suspended within a matrix of an oxide of chromium. This combination was, in turn, agglomerated into larger particles within the 0.05 to 0.3 micron size range. These larger particles formed a network which constituted the surface coating.« less

Study of skin and mucous membrane disorders among workers engaged in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and chrome plating industry.

PubMed

Singhal, Vijay Kumar; Deswal, Balbir Singh; Singh, Bachu Narayan

2015-01-01

Inhalation of dusts and fumes arising during the manufacture of sodium dichromate from chrome ore, chromic acid mist emitted during electroplating, and skin contact with chromate produce hazards to workers. (1) To elucidate the prevalence of skin and mucous membrane disorders among the workers engaged in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and chrome plating industry. (2) To know the relationship of prevalence with the duration of exposure to chrome mist, dust, and fumes. A cross-sectional study was conducted among all the workers engaged in sodium dichromate manufacturing and chrome plating from several industries situated near the Delhi-Haryana border in the districts of Faridabad and Sonepat of Haryana, India from January 01, 2014 to December 31, 2014. All the workers available from the concerned industries for the study were interviewed and medically examined after obtaining their informed consent. A total of 130 workers comprising 66 workers from the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and 64 workers from the chrome plating industry were examined on a pretested schedule. Descriptive statistical methods (proportions, relative risk, and Chi-square test of significance with P value analyzed using Epi Info version 7). All the workers were found to be males and of the adult age group. Out of the total examined, 69.69% and 56.22% of the workers had disorders of the nasal mucous membrane in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and the chrome plating industry, respectively. 42.42% and 28.22% of the workers had perforation of the nasal septum in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and chrome plating industry, respectively. 6.06% and 3.12% workers had skin ulcers in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and chrome plating industry, respectively. Nasal irritation and rhinorrhea were the most commonly found symptoms in both the processes. 48.48% and 90.52% of the workers were using hand gloves in the sodium dichromate manufacturing and chrome plating industry, respectively. Only 27.27% and 37.50% of the workers were using masks in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and chrome plating industry, respectively. No worker was using protective clothing or barrier cream in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry. 40.65% and 12.50% workers were using protective clothing and barrier cream in the chrome plating industry. Workers engaged in sodium dichromate manufacturing and chrome plating are at a great risk of skin and mucous membrane disorders including chrome holes and nasal septum perforation. Protective measures and awareness of the management and workers about the exposure hazards and safeguarding against them will be useful public measures to prevent these occupational hazards among workers engaged in these processes.

Study of skin and mucous membrane disorders among workers engaged in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and chrome plating industry

PubMed Central

Singhal, Vijay Kumar; Deswal, Balbir Singh; Singh, Bachu Narayan

2015-01-01

Background: Inhalation of dusts and fumes arising during the manufacture of sodium dichromate from chrome ore, chromic acid mist emitted during electroplating, and skin contact with chromate produce hazards to workers. Objectives: (1) To elucidate the prevalence of skin and mucous membrane disorders among the workers engaged in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and chrome plating industry. (2) To know the relationship of prevalence with the duration of exposure to chrome mist, dust, and fumes. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among all the workers engaged in sodium dichromate manufacturing and chrome plating from several industries situated near the Delhi-Haryana border in the districts of Faridabad and Sonepat of Haryana, India from January 01, 2014 to December 31, 2014. Materials and Methods: All the workers available from the concerned industries for the study were interviewed and medically examined after obtaining their informed consent. A total of 130 workers comprising 66 workers from the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and 64 workers from the chrome plating industry were examined on a pretested schedule. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistical methods (proportions, relative risk, and Chi-square test of significance with P value analyzed using Epi Info version 7). Results: All the workers were found to be males and of the adult age group. Out of the total examined, 69.69% and 56.22% of the workers had disorders of the nasal mucous membrane in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and the chrome plating industry, respectively. 42.42% and 28.22% of the workers had perforation of the nasal septum in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and chrome plating industry, respectively. 6.06% and 3.12% workers had skin ulcers in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and chrome plating industry, respectively. Nasal irritation and rhinorrhea were the most commonly found symptoms in both the processes. 48.48% and 90.52% of the workers were using hand gloves in the sodium dichromate manufacturing and chrome plating industry, respectively. Only 27.27% and 37.50% of the workers were using masks in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and chrome plating industry, respectively. No worker was using protective clothing or barrier cream in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry. 40.65% and 12.50% workers were using protective clothing and barrier cream in the chrome plating industry. Conclusion: Workers engaged in sodium dichromate manufacturing and chrome plating are at a great risk of skin and mucous membrane disorders including chrome holes and nasal septum perforation. Protective measures and awareness of the management and workers about the exposure hazards and safeguarding against them will be useful public measures to prevent these occupational hazards among workers engaged in these processes. PMID:26957809

Design architecture of double spiral interdigitated electrode with back gate electrode for biosensor application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fathil, M. F. M.; Arshad, M. K. Md.; Hashim, U.; Ruslinda, A. R.; Gopinath, Subash C. B.; M. Nuzaihan M., N.; Ayub, R. M.; Adzhri, R.; Zaki, M.; Azman, A. H.

2016-07-01

This paper presents the preparation method of photolithography chrome mask design used in fabrication process of double spiral interdigitated electrode with back gate biasing based biosensor. By learning the fabrication process flow of the biosensor, the chrome masks are designed through drawing using the AutoCAD software. The overall width and length of the device is optimized at 7.0 mm and 10.0 mm, respectively. Fabrication processes of the biosensor required three chrome masks, which included back gate opening, spiral IDE formation, and passivation area formation. The complete chrome masks design will be sent for chrome mask fabrication and for future use in biosensor fabrication.

[A case of chrome asthma induced by exposure to the stone cutter dust].

PubMed

Onizuka, Reiko; Tanabe, Kimiko; Nakayama, Yoshihisa; Fukuchi, Tetsuroh; Nakata, Kazunori; Hiki, Toshinobu

2006-12-01

The case of a forty-six year old, male patient with asthma caused by exposure to dust containing chrome is presented. When the patient was nineteen years old, he started working as a stonemason in a factory. He cut and ground stone with a stone-cutter to make statues and tombstones. Three years after staring to work, contact dermatitis was observed on his arms and hands. Within six years of work, he suffered from chronic coughing. After eight years, he experienced bronchial asthma attacks with wheezing and dyspnea. He had been exposed to dust for eight years before developing asthma. The symptoms increased gradually. He fell into severe asthma attacks causing unconsciousness and dyspnea. Several common therapies were not effective. The characteristics of his clinical course and occupational history suggested that the asthma must be caused by exposure to dust containing metal generated in the factory. Skin Patch Tests (SPT) were performed for cobalt, copper, iron, chrome, tin, and manganese salt. The result of the SPT indicated a strong positive result for potassium dichromate and positive for chromium sulfate, but did not show any indications in the control or for other metallic salt. Fluorescent X-ray analysis detected that chrome was present in the powder dust under the stone-cutter machine. However, the fluorescent X-ray analysis did not detect chrome in the stone materials. It was suggested that chrome must be contained in the metal dust generated from the steel cutter used to cut off and grind the stone. The metal component in the used cutter edge and the unused cutter edge were analyzed with electro-probe microanalyzer (EPMA). The result revealed that chrome was contained in the used, dull cutter edge and not in the new sharp cutter edge. Thus, the patient had been exposed to the dust containing chrome generated from part of the stainless steel of cutter. He had sensitized to chrome and this had caused the occupational chrome-asthma.

77 FR 60285 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-03

... the MLG for chicken- wire cracks, corrosion, and chrome plate distress; repetitive magnetic particle... center axles of the MLG for chicken-wire cracks, corrosion, and chrome plate distress; repetitive... the MLG for chicken- wire cracks, corrosion, and chrome plate distress; do a magnetic particle...

Spectral reflectance properties of black chrome for use as a solar selective coating

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcdonald, G. E.

1974-01-01

The NASA-Lewis Research Center has determined that a widely available commercially electroplated decorative finish known as black chrome has desirable solar selective properties. The spectral reflectance properties of a commercially prepared black chrome on steel were measured. Values are presented for reflectance of the black chrome, and compared with the reflectance of black paint (Nextel) and with two available samples of black nickel which had been prepared for solar selective properties. The reflectance of black chrome, of the two black nickels, and of black paint integrated over the solar spectrum for air mass 2 were 0.132, 0.123, 0.133, and 0.033, respectively. The reflectance of the black chrome, two black nickels, and of the black paint integrated over the blackbody spectrum for 250 F from 3 to 15 microns are 0.912, 0.934, 0.891, and 0.033, respectively. These reflectance measurements indicate absorptivity-to-emissivity values of 9.8, 13.8, 8.0, and 1.00, respectively.

Microstructure of a black chrome solar selective absorber

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lampert, C.M.

1978-08-01

The structure of Harshaw Chemicals' CHROM-ONYX type of black chrome/metal selective absorber was studied to gain a better understanding of its influence upon the mechanism of wavelength selectivity. Spectral reflectance measurements were performed on seven samples. In this study, the best selectivity was found by these measurements to be 1.0 micron of black chrome on copper and 0.7 micron of black chrome on nickel. Both transmission and scanning electron microscopy were employed to study microstructure and chemical composition. As a result of the combined studies, some effects of black chrome thickness and the metallic substrate were determined. It was foundmore » that black chrome consisted of a very fine metallic distribution of particles of chromium, possibly suspended within a matrix of an oxide of chromium. This combination was, in turn, agglomerated into larger particles within the 0.05--0.3 micron size range. These larger particles formed a network which constituted the surface coating.« less

Industrial Processes to Reduce Generation of Hazardous Waste at DoD facilities. Phase 3 Report. Summary of Projects of Excellence Workshops

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-01

cation impurities from the plating solution and anodes to oxidize trivalent chromium to hexavalent chromium . Hexa- . valent chromium ions remain on the...corrosion, or to improve its engineering properties (harlness, durability, solderability, or frictional characteristics). Chromium ic used principally...facturing consists of machining the worn part or stripping a portion of the old plate, overplating it with a thick layer of chromium (hard chrome plating

Leather waste--potential threat to human health, and a new technology of its treatment.

PubMed

Kolomaznik, K; Adamek, M; Andel, I; Uhlirova, M

2008-12-30

In this paper, the authors deal with the problem of processing various types of waste generated by leather industry, with special emphasis to chrome-tanned waste. The agent that makes this waste potentially hazardous is hexavalent chromium. Its compounds can have negative effects on human health and some CrVI salts are considered carcinogens. The authors present the risks of spontaneous oxidization of CrIII to CrVI in the open-air dumps as well as the possible risks of wearing bad quality shoes, in which the chromium content is not controlled. There are several ways of handling primary leather waste, but no satisfactory technology has been developed for the secondary waste (manipulation waste, e.g. leather scraps and used leather products). In this contribution, a new three-step hybrid technology of processing manipulation waste is presented and tested under laboratory, pilot-scale and industrial conditions. The filtrate can be used as a good quality NPK fertilizer. The solid product, titanium-chromium sludge, can serve as an inorganic pigment in glass and ceramic industry. Further, the authors propose selective collection of used leather products (e.g. old shoes), the hydrolysable parts of which can be also processed by the new hybrid technology.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fruchter, Jonathan S.

In Situ Treatment of Chromate Contaminated Groundwater Jonathan S. Fruchter Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Abstract of paper published in Environmental Science and Technology, 2002 Although not as common as solvent or fuel products contamination, chromate (chromium (VI)) contamination of groundwater is relatively widespread. Chromate has a variety of industrial uses, including chrome plating, steel making, and use as a corrosion inhibitor, wood preservative, well-drilling fluid additive, biocide, and as a pigment in paints and primers. EPA has estimated that as many as 1300 sites in the United States may have groundwater contaminated with chromate. The paper discusses a number ofmore » approaches to in situ treatment of chromate contamination in groundwater aquifers. The approaches include various types of chemical treatments, biological treatments and natural attenuation. The strengths and weaknesses of each method are discussed and compared. Field examples of two types of chemical treatment, in situ redox manipulation and chemically enhanced pump and treat are presented. It is concluded that in situ methods show promise, but can be difficult to implement due to site-specific conditions and limited long-term experience with these methods. As more performance and cost data are acquired for the demonstrations that are ongoing, and continuing research increases our understanding of subsurface processes, in situ treatment methods for chromium (VI) contamination in groundwater should gain wider acceptance.« less

Facile synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4/graphene composites for enhanced U(VI) sorption

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Donglin; Zhu, Hongyu; Wu, Changnian; Feng, Shaojie; Alsaedi, Ahmed; Hayat, Tasawar; Chen, Changlun

2018-06-01

A novel magnetic Fe3O4/graphene composite (FGC) was fabricated by a facile one-step reaction route and shown to be effective for sorbing U(VI) from aqueous solution. The structure, properties and application of the prepared FGC composite were well evaluated. The high saturation magnetization (45.6 emu/g) made FGC easier to be separated from the media within several seconds under an external magnetic. Effects of different ambient conditions (i.e., pH and ionic strength, contact time, temperatures) on sorption behaviors of U(VI) on FGC were carried out by batch experiments. According to the calculation of Langmuir model, the maximum sorption capacity of U(VI) on the FGC at pH 5.5 and 298 K was 176.47 mg/g. The sorption was correlated with the effects of pH, contact time, and temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that U(VI) was sorbed on FGC via oxygen-containing functional groups. This work demonstrated that FGC could be recycled and used as an effective recyclable sorbent for sorption of U(VI).

Osseointegration and biocompatibility of different metal implants - a comparative experimental investigation in sheep

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background In the present study, 4 different metallic implant materials, either partly coated or polished, were tested for their osseointegration and biocompatibility in a pelvic implantation model in sheep. Methods Materials to be evaluated were: Cobalt-Chrome (CC), Cobalt-Chrome/Titanium coating (CCTC), Cobalt-Chrome/Zirconium/Titanium coating (CCZTC), Pure Titanium Standard (PTST), Steel, TAN Standard (TANST) and TAN new finish (TANNEW). Surgery was performed on 7 sheep, with 18 implants per sheep, for a total of 63 implants. After 8 weeks, the specimens were harvested and evaluated macroscopically, radiologically, biomechanically (removal torque), histomorphometrically and histologically. Results Cobalt-Chrome screws showed significantly (p = 0.031) lower removal torque values than pure titanium screws and also a tendency towards lower values compared to the other materials, except for steel. Steel screws showed no significant differences, in comparison to cobalt-chrome and TANST, however also a trend towards lower torque values than the remaining materials. The results of the fluorescence sections agreed with those of the biomechanical test. Histomorphometrically, there were no significant differences of bone area between the groups. The BIC (bone-to-implant-contact), used for the assessment of the osseointegration, was significantly lower for cobalt-chrome, compared to steel (p = 0.001). Steel again showed a lower ratio (p = 0.0001) compared to the other materials. Conclusion This study demonstrated that cobalt-chrome and steel show less osseointegration than the other metals and metal-alloys. However, osseointegration of cobalt-chrome was improved by zirconium and/or titanium based coatings (CCTC, TANST, TAN, TANNEW) being similar as pure titanium in their osseointegrative behavior. PMID:22400715

Hexavalent Chrome Free Coatings for Electronics: Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding Effectiveness (SE)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kessel, Kurt R.

2016-01-01

Determine the suitability of trivalent chromium conversion coatings that meet the requirements of MIL-DTL-5541, Type II, for use in applications where high-frequency electrical performance is important. Evaluate the ability of hexavalent chrome free pretreated aluminum to form adequate EMI seals, and maintain that seal while being subjected to harsh environmental conditions. Assess the performance of trivalent chromium pretreatments against a known control hexavalent chrome pretreatment before and after they have been exposed to a set of environmental conditions. It is known that environmental testing causes a decrease in shielding effectiveness when hexavalent chrome pretreatments are used (Alodine 1200s). Need to determine how shielding effectiveness will be affected with the use of hexavalent chrome free pretreatments. Performance will be assessed by evaluating shielding effectiveness (SE) test data from a variety of test samples comprised of different aluminum types and/or conversion coatings. The formation of corrosion will be evaluated between the mating surfaces and gasket to assess the corrosion resistant properties of the pretreatments, comparing the hexavalent control to the hexavalent chrome free pretreatments.

Performance evaluation of two black nickel and two black chrome solar collectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Losey, R.

1977-01-01

The test program was based on the evaluation of four unique solar collectors described below: (1) black nickel collector surface with a desiccant drying bed, (2) black nickel collector surface without a desiccant drying bed, (3) black chrome collector surface with a dessicant drying bed, and (4) black chrome collector surface without a desiccant drying bed. The test program included three distinct phases: Initial performance evaluation, natural environmental aging, and post-aging performance evaluation. Results of Phase III testing conclusively indicated a higher normalized efficiency for Black Chrome surfaces when compared to Black Nickel.

40 CFR 425.10 - Applicability; description of the hair pulp, chrome tan, retan-wet finishing subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applicability; description of the hair pulp, chrome tan, retan-wet finishing subcategory. 425.10 Section 425.10 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Pulp, Chrome...

40 CFR 425.20 - Applicability; description of the hair save, chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applicability; description of the hair save, chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory. 425.20 Section 425.20 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Save, Chrome Tan,...

40 CFR 425.10 - Applicability; description of the hair pulp, chrome tan, retan-wet finishing subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Applicability; description of the hair... FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Pulp, Chrome Tan, Retan-Wet Finish Subcategory § 425.10 Applicability; description of the hair pulp, chrome tan, retan-wet finishing subcategory. The provisions of this subpart are...

40 CFR 425.10 - Applicability; description of the hair pulp, chrome tan, retan-wet finishing subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicability; description of the hair... FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Pulp, Chrome Tan, Retan-Wet Finish Subcategory § 425.10 Applicability; description of the hair pulp, chrome tan, retan-wet finishing subcategory. The provisions of this subpart are...

40 CFR 425.10 - Applicability; description of the hair pulp, chrome tan, retan-wet finishing subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Applicability; description of the hair... POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Pulp, Chrome Tan, Retan-Wet Finish Subcategory § 425.10 Applicability; description of the hair pulp, chrome tan, retan-wet finishing subcategory. The provisions of this subpart are...

40 CFR 425.20 - Applicability; description of the hair save, chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Applicability; description of the hair... FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Save, Chrome Tan, Retan-Wet Finish Subcategory § 425.20 Applicability; description of the hair save, chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory. The provisions of this subpart are...

40 CFR 425.10 - Applicability; description of the hair pulp, chrome tan, retan-wet finishing subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicability; description of the hair... FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Pulp, Chrome Tan, Retan-Wet Finish Subcategory § 425.10 Applicability; description of the hair pulp, chrome tan, retan-wet finishing subcategory. The provisions of this subpart are...

40 CFR 425.20 - Applicability; description of the hair save, chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Applicability; description of the hair... POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Save, Chrome Tan, Retan-Wet Finish Subcategory § 425.20 Applicability; description of the hair save, chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory. The provisions of this subpart are...

40 CFR 425.20 - Applicability; description of the hair save, chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicability; description of the hair... FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Save, Chrome Tan, Retan-Wet Finish Subcategory § 425.20 Applicability; description of the hair save, chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory. The provisions of this subpart are...

40 CFR 425.20 - Applicability; description of the hair save, chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicability; description of the hair... FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Save, Chrome Tan, Retan-Wet Finish Subcategory § 425.20 Applicability; description of the hair save, chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory. The provisions of this subpart are...

Hexavalent Chrome Free Coatings for Electronics Applications: Joint Test Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rothgeb, Matt; Kessel, Kurt

2013-01-01

The overall objective of the Hexavalent Chrome Free Coatings for Electronics Applications project is to evaluate and test pretreatments not containing hexavalent chrome in avionics and electronics housing applications. This objective will be accomplished by testing strong performing coating systems from prior NASA and DoD testing or new coating systems as determined by the stakeholders.

Hex Chrome Free Coatings for Electronics Overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kessel, Kurt

2013-01-01

The overall objective of the Hex Chrome Free Coatings for Electronics project is to evaluate and test pretreatment coating systems not containing hexavalent chrome in avionics and electronics housing applications. This objective will be accomplished by testing strong performing coating systems from prior NASA and DoD testing or new coating systems as determined by the stakeholders.

Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium and cancers of the gastrointestinal tract: a meta-analysis.

PubMed

Gatto, Nicole M; Kelsh, Michael A; Mai, Diem Ha; Suh, Mina; Proctor, Deborah M

2010-08-01

We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of oral cavity, esophageal, stomach, small intestine, colon, and rectal cancers among workers occupationally exposed to Cr(VI). Using PubMed, studies published from 1950 to 2009 evaluating the relationship between Cr(VI) exposure and GI cancers were identified. Measures of effect and variability were extracted from 32 studies meeting specific inclusion criteria, and meta-analysis summary relative risk measures were calculated using random effects models and inverse variance weighting methods. Meta-standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were, for cancer of the: oral cavity [1.02 (95% CI=0.77-1.34)]; esophagus [1.17 (95% CI=0.90-1.51)]; stomach [1.09 (95% CI=0.93-1.28)]; colon [0.89 (95% CI=0.70-1.12)]; and rectum [1.17 (95% CI=0.98-1.39)]. Analyses of more highly exposed subgroups included in the studies or subgroups based on geographic region or by industry with recognized Cr(VI) exposures (welding, chrome plating, chromate production, and pigment production) did not result in elevated meta-SMRs except for esophageal cancer among US cohorts [meta-SMR=1.49 (95% CI=1.06-2.09)]. However, that finding was based on a subgroup of only four studies, one of which was a PMR study. Potential confounding by socioeconomic status (SES), diet and/or smoking, or limitations due to the healthy-worker effect (HWE) were evaluated, and while smoking, diet and SES may be important factors that may have upwardly biased the meta-SMRs, HWE is not likely to have significantly affected the summary results. None of three studies reporting small intestine cancers observed a statistically significant increased risk. These meta-analyses and literature review indicate that Cr(VI)-exposed workers are not at a greater risk of GI cancers than the general population.

Molecular spectroscopic study for suggested mechanism of chrome tanned leather

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nashy, Elshahat H. A.; Osman, Osama; Mahmoud, Abdel Aziz; Ibrahim, Medhat

2012-03-01

Collagen represents the structural protein of the extracellular matrix, which gives strength of hides and/or skin under tanning process. Chrome tan is the most important tanning agent all over the world. The methods for production of leather evolved over several centuries as art and engineering with little understanding of the underlying science. The present work is devoted to suggest the most probable mechanistic action of chrome tan on hide proteins. First the affect of Cr upon hide protein is indicated by the studied mechanical properties. Then the spectroscopic characterization of the hide protein as well as chrome tanned leather was carried out with Horizontal Attenuated Total Reflection (HATR) FT-IR. The obtained results indicate how the chromium can attached with the active sites of collagen. Molecular modeling confirms that chromium can react with amino as well as carboxylate groups. Four schemes were obtained to describe the possible interactions of chrome tan with hide proteins.

SUPERFUND TREATABILITY CLEARINGHOUSE: SOIL STABILIZATION PILOT STUDY, UNITED CHROME NPL SITE PILOT STUDY AND HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAM, UNITED CHROME NPL SITE PILOT STUDY

EPA Science Inventory

This document is a project plan for a pilot study at the United Chrome NPL site, Corvallis, Oregon and includes the health and safety and quality assurance/quality control plans. The plan reports results of a bench-scale study of the treatment process as iieasured by the ...

40 CFR 425.30 - Applicability; description of the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Applicability; description of the hair... TANNING AND FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Save or Pulp, Non-Chrome Tan, Retan-Wet Finish Subcategory § 425.30 Applicability; description of the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan, retan-wet finish...

40 CFR 425.30 - Applicability; description of the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicability; description of the hair... TANNING AND FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Save or Pulp, Non-Chrome Tan, Retan-Wet Finish Subcategory § 425.30 Applicability; description of the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan, retan-wet finish...

40 CFR 425.30 - Applicability; description of the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Applicability; description of the hair... FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Save or Pulp, Non-Chrome Tan, Retan-Wet Finish Subcategory § 425.30 Applicability; description of the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory. The...

40 CFR 425.30 - Applicability; description of the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicability; description of the hair... TANNING AND FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Save or Pulp, Non-Chrome Tan, Retan-Wet Finish Subcategory § 425.30 Applicability; description of the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan, retan-wet finish...

Alternatives To Cadmium Plated Military Connectors

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-30

from Feb 2011 Asets Defense conference  Amphenol Aerospace Operations report. 9/21/2011 10 Chromate finish  Hexavalent chrome was targeted by DOD...Fluorocarbon Zinc-Nickel Pure Dense Aluminum  Zinc-Nickel and Aluminum currently contain hexavalent chromate. Nickel-Fluorocarbon requires no...to lack of available drop in replacements, but this will change as alternatives become available.  Trivalent chrome and other non- chrome

Novel Chemical Process for Producing Chrome Coated Metal

PubMed Central

Pelar, Christopher; Greenaway, Karima; Zea, Hugo; Wu, Chun-Hsien

2018-01-01

This work demonstrates that a version of the Reduction Expansion Synthesis (RES) process, Cr-RES, can create a micron scale Cr coating on an iron wire. The process involves three steps. I. A paste consisting of a physical mix of urea, chrome nitrate or chrome oxide, and water is prepared. II. An iron wire is coated by dipping. III. The coated, and dried, wire is heated to ~800 °C for 10 min in a tube furnace under a slow flow of nitrogen gas. The processed wires were then polished and characterized, primarily with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM indicates the chrome layer is uneven, but only on the scale of a fraction of a micron. The evidence of porosity is ambiguous. Elemental mapping using SEM electron microprobe that confirmed the process led to the formation of a chrome metal layer, with no evidence of alloy formation. Additionally, it was found that thickness of the final Cr layer correlated with the thickness of the precursor layer that was applied prior to the heating step. Potentially, this technique could replace electrolytic processing, a process that generates carcinogenic hexavalent chrome, but further study and development is needed. PMID:29303977

Novel Chemical Process for Producing Chrome Coated Metal.

PubMed

Pelar, Christopher; Greenaway, Karima; Zea, Hugo; Wu, Chun-Hsien; Luhrs, Claudia C; Phillips, Jonathan

2018-01-05

This work demonstrates that a version of the Reduction Expansion Synthesis (RES) process, Cr-RES, can create a micron scale Cr coating on an iron wire. The process involves three steps. I. A paste consisting of a physical mix of urea, chrome nitrate or chrome oxide, and water is prepared. II. An iron wire is coated by dipping. III. The coated, and dried, wire is heated to ~800 °C for 10 min in a tube furnace under a slow flow of nitrogen gas. The processed wires were then polished and characterized, primarily with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM indicates the chrome layer is uneven, but only on the scale of a fraction of a micron. The evidence of porosity is ambiguous. Elemental mapping using SEM electron microprobe that confirmed the process led to the formation of a chrome metal layer, with no evidence of alloy formation. Additionally, it was found that thickness of the final Cr layer correlated with the thickness of the precursor layer that was applied prior to the heating step. Potentially, this technique could replace electrolytic processing, a process that generates carcinogenic hexavalent chrome, but further study and development is needed.

Selective coating for solar panels. [using black chrome and black nickel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcdonald, G. E. (Inventor)

1977-01-01

The energy absorbing properties of solar heating panels are improved by depositing a black chrome coating of controlled thickness on a specially prepared surface of a metal substrate. The surface is prepared by depositing a dull nickel on the substrate, and the black chrome is plated on this low emittance surface to a thickness between 0.5 micron and 2.5 microns.

Ultraviolet Curable Powder Coatings With Robotic Curing for Aerospace Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-01

Problem: DoD spends millions of dollars annually on solvent- based coatings Hexavalent chrome primer use still very widespread Many topcoats contain...cure functionality can be added Various advanced non- chrome corrosion inhibitors DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution...chromate), Alodine 8800 (sol-gel) and Alodine 5200 (Zr chemistry) Fair to poor results over Alodine 1200S (chromate), and Alodine 5900 (tri- chrome

SU-E-T-328: Dosimetric Impact of Cobalt-Chrome Stabilization Hardware in Paraspinal Radiation Therapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tang, G; LoSasso, T; Saleh, Z

2015-06-15

Purpose: Due to saturation, high density materials Result in an apparent density of 3.2 g/cm{sup 3} in CT images. The true density of traditional titanium stabilization rods (∼4.4 g/cm{sup 3}) is typically ignored in treatment planning. This may not be acceptable for new cobalt-chrome rods with a density of 8.5 g/cm{sup 3}. This study reports the dosimetric impact of cobalt-chrome rods in paraspinal radiotherapy. Methods: For titanium and cobalt-chrome rods, two planning studies were done for both IMRT and VMAT in Varian Eclipse using AAA. 1) The effect of planning without assigning the true rod density was assessed by comparingmore » plans generated with the apparent density and recalculated with the true density for titanium and cobalt-chrome. 2) To test if TPS can compensate for high density rods during optimization. Furthermore, TPS calculation accuracy was verified using MapCheck for a single 20 x 10 cm{sup 2} field. The MapCheck was incrementally shifted to achieve measurement resolution of 1 mm. Results: PTV coverage was ∼0.3% and ∼4.7% lower in plans that were recalculated with the true rod density of titanium and cobalt-chrome, respectively. PTV coverage can be maintained if the correct density is used in optimization. Measurements showed that TPS overestimated the dose locally by up to 11% for cobalt-chrome rods and up to 4% for titanium rods if the density is incorrect. With density corrected, maximum local differences of 6% and 3% were seen for cobalt-chrome and titanium rods, respectively. At 2 cm beneath a rod, electrons scattered from the side of the rod increased the lateral dose and diminished as depth increases. TPS was not able to account for this effect properly even with the true rod density assigned. Conclusion: Neglecting the true density of cobalt-chrome rods can cause under coverage to the PTV. Assigning the correct density during treatment planning can minimize unexpected decrease in PTV dose.« less

Quality Improvement of Chrome-Diamond Coatings on Flowing Chrome Plating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belyaev, V. N.; Koslyuk, A. Yu; Lobunets, A. V.; Andreyev, A. S.

2016-04-01

The research results of the process of flowing chrome plating of internal surfaces of long-length cylindrical articles with the usage of electrolyte with ultra-dispersed diamonds when continuous article rotation, while chromium-plating, are presented. During experiments the following varying technological parameters: electrolyte temperature and article frequency rotation were chosen, and experimental samples were obtained. Estimation of porosity, micro-hardness, thickness of chrome coatings and uniformity were performed as well as the precipitation structure by the method of scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the use of ultra-dispersed diamonds and realization of the scheme with rotation of detail-cathode when flowing chromium-plating allows one to increase servicing characteristics of the coating due to the decrease of grains size of chrome coating and porosity, and due to the increase of micro-hardness, so confirming the efficiency of using the suggested scheme of coating application and the given type of ultra-dispersed fillers when chromium-plating.

Molecular spectroscopic study for suggested mechanism of chrome tanned leather.

PubMed

Nashy, Elshahat H A; Osman, Osama; Mahmoud, Abdel Aziz; Ibrahim, Medhat

2012-03-01

Collagen represents the structural protein of the extracellular matrix, which gives strength of hides and/or skin under tanning process. Chrome tan is the most important tanning agent all over the world. The methods for production of leather evolved over several centuries as art and engineering with little understanding of the underlying science. The present work is devoted to suggest the most probable mechanistic action of chrome tan on hide proteins. First the affect of Cr upon hide protein is indicated by the studied mechanical properties. Then the spectroscopic characterization of the hide protein as well as chrome tanned leather was carried out with Horizontal Attenuated Total Reflection (HATR) FT-IR. The obtained results indicate how the chromium can attached with the active sites of collagen. Molecular modeling confirms that chromium can react with amino as well as carboxylate groups. Four schemes were obtained to describe the possible interactions of chrome tan with hide proteins. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

NASA TEERM Hexavalent Chrome Alternatives Projects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rothgeb, Matt

2009-01-01

This slide presentation reviews the NASA/DOD projects to select an alternative to hexavalent chrome in the aerospace industry. The Phase I process of the project performed: (1) Evaluation and testing of non-chromated coating systems as replacements for hexavalent chrome coatings in aircraft and aerospace applications. (2) Testing of coating systems to DoD and NASA specifications for corrosion resistance and adhesion. (3) Bare corrosion resistance and atmospheric exposure will be focus areas of Phase II Testing. The description includes a chart that summarizes the 3000 hour salt fog test results. The second phase of the project includes (1) Evaluation and testing of coating systems that do not contain hexavalent chrome as replacements for aerospace applications. (2) Evaluation of coatings at Beach Test Site and Launch Complex 39B (3) Evaluation of non-chrome coatings for electronic housings (bare corrosion resistance and electrical impedance) is a part of this round of testing. This project was performed for the Technology Evaluation for Environmental Risk Mitigation (TEERM)

Safety evaluation of traces of nickel and chrome in cosmetics: The case of Dead Sea mud.

PubMed

Ma'or, Ze'evi; Halicz, Ludwik; Portugal-Cohen, Meital; Russo, Matteo Zanotti; Robino, Federica; Vanhaecke, Tamara; Rogiers, Vera

2015-12-01

Metal impurities such as nickel and chrome are present in natural ingredients-containing cosmetic products. These traces are unavoidable due to the ubiquitous nature of these elements. Dead Sea mud is a popular natural ingredient of cosmetic products in which nickel and chrome residues are likely to occur. To analyze the potential systemic and local toxicity of Dead Sea mud taking into consideration Dead Sea muds' natural content of nickel and chrome. The following endpoints were evaluated: (Regulation No. 1223/20, 21/12/2009) systemic and (SCCS's Notes of Guidance) local toxicity of topical application of Dead Sea mud; health reports during the last five years of commercial marketing of Dead Sea mud. Following exposure to Dead Sea mud, MoS (margin of safety) calculations for nickel and chrome indicate no toxicological concern for systemic toxicity. Skin sensitization is also not to be expected by exposure of normal healthy skin to Dead Sea mud. Topical application, however, is not recommended for already nickel-or chrome-sensitized persons. As risk assessment of impurities present in cosmetics may be a difficult exercise, the case of Dead Sea mud is taken here as an example of a natural material that may contain traces of unavoidable metals. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Tensile properties of chrome tanned leather waste short fibre filled unsaturated polyester composite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Talib, Satariah; Romli, Ahmad Zafir; Saad, Siti Zaleha

2017-12-01

Waste leather from industries was commonly disposed via land filling or incineration where the oxidation of Cr III to Cr VI by oxidants (such as peroxides and hypohalide) can easily occur. Cr VI is well known as carcinogenic and mutagenic element where the excessive exposure to this element can be very harmful. As an alternative way, the leather waste from footwear industry was utilised as filler in unsaturated polyester composite (UPC). The leather waste was ground using 0.25 mm mesh size and used without any chemical treatment. The sample was fabricated via castingtechnique and the study was carried out at 1 wt%, 2 wt% and 3 wt% filler loading. The leather waste filled composites showed lower tensile strength and Young's modulus than the unfilled composite. The increasing loading amount of leather waste led to the decreased in tensile strength and Young's modulus. The tensile results was supported by the decreasing pattern of density result which indicates the increasing of void content as the filler loading increased. The results of glass transition temperature are also parallel to the tensile properties where the increasing filler loading had decreased the glass transition temperature. Based on the morphological observation on the fractured tensile sample, much severe filler agglomerations and higher amount of voids was observed at higher filler loading compared to the lower filler loading.

The Petrogenesis of the Unit 7/8 and 11/12 Chrome-spinel Seams of the Rum Eastern Layered Intrusion (NW Scotland) Re-evaluated

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Driscoll, B.; Daly, J. S.; Emeleus, C. H.; Donaldson, C. H.

2007-12-01

Laterally extensive (~2 mm thick) chrome-spinel seams in the Rum Layered Suite, NW Scotland, occur at the junctions of several of the coupled peridotite-troctolite macro-rhythmic units that make up the bulk of the eastern part of the intrusion. A detailed petrographic study of the rocks immediately above and below two of these seams suggests that existing models for seam formation involving early crystallisation and gravitational settling of chrome-spinel crystals from a newly emplaced body of picritic magma may be flawed. Instead, the textural relationships between minerals suggest that olivine crystallisation in the peridotite above each of the seams occurred before that of most of the chrome-spinel. Reaction textures between olivine and chrome-spinel crystals are commonly observed, with plagioclase usually occurring as thin rims between both olivine and chrome-spinel where both are in close proximity. The textural evidence suggests a significant degree of olivine crystal-shape change; it seems that many of the olivine crystals immediately above the main seams may initially have had much more complex (harrisitic) crystal shapes before modification to simpler morphologies in a crystal mush. Plagioclase occurs in the peridotite as large oikocrysts up to several cm in size. Additionally, the chrome-spinel seams occur only in those units that display extensive evidence of syn-magmatic deformation of unconsolidated cumulate in the underlying troctolite, and the seams themselves often exhibit small-scale load structures. A model suggesting in-situ crystallisation of the chrome-spinel seams is proposed, whereby mixing of an evolved interstitial liquid with a primitive picritic melt occurred approximately at the crystal mush-magma interface. The former was released from the unconsolidated troctolite mush as a response to re-mobilization and chaotic slumping, possibly triggered by emplacement of some of the hot picrite into the crystal mush pile. Significant undercooling in the picrite due to emplacement-related cooling had already produced a crystal framework comprising complex skeletal olivine crystal morphologies with very fast growth rates. It is envisaged that the significantly modified olivine textures in the peridotite immediately above both seams can be attributed to upward- moving porosity waves of the same 'mixed' interstitial melt that precipitated the chrome-spinel seams. In addition to formation of the seams at the main unit junctions, 'necklace' or 'chain-like' distributions of chrome-spinel crystals around olivine crystals in the peridotite, as well as the large plagioclase oikocrysts, argue for the presence of a mobile interstitial melt with a protracted cooling history.

Installation Restoration Program. Phase 1. Records Search. Air Force Plant Number 3, Tulsa, Oklahoma

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-12-01

treatment plant was designed for cyanide and chromium treat- ment. Wastes are collected in two separate sewer systems; acid-chrome, and alkali cyanide...reduction of hexavalent chrome to trivalent chrome with sulfur dioxide. After the oxidation and reduction are accomplished separately, the wastes are...uses of the water. CCNVEPSI N COATING WASTE: Acidic solution containinq chromium . 0COOLANT: An oil-water mixture used for coolina metal parts durirq

C-130 Corrosion Prevention and Control Program

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-01

hexavalent chrome … Warner Robins Air Logistics Center People First…Mission Always SIBR Projects  Back Scatter X-Ray NDI  Detect concealed...Projects Listing Future Projects  Chrome -Free Coating Systems Flight Tests • AkzoNobel (Sep-Oct 2011) – PreKote – Aerodur 2100 magnesium rich...primer (MgRP) – Aerodur 5000 topcoat color #36173 • Deft (June 2012) – Rare earth conversion coating (RECC) 1015/3021 – 02-GN-093 chrome -free

Acquisition Documentation Streamlining, the SEP, and the PESHE

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-21

identifying any other ESOH requirements (e.g., ban on use of Ozone Depleting Substances or hexavalent chrome )  "Description/Comments:" Use 2-3...limitations on use of hexavalent chrome )  "Description/Comments:" Use 2-3 paragraphs to describe the strategy for integrating ESOH into SE processes...optional tasks) and identifying any other ESOH requirements (e.g., ban on use of Ozone Depleting Substances or hexavalent chrome )  "Description

Automated System Calibration and Verification of the Position Measurements for the Los Alamos Isotope Production Facility and the Switchyard Kicker Facilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barr, D.; Gilpatrick, J. D.; Martinez, D.; Shurter, R. B.

2004-11-01

The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory has constructed both an Isotope Production Facility (IPF) and a Switchyard Kicker (XDK) as additions to the H+ and H- accelerator. These additions contain eleven Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) that measure the beam's position throughout the transport. The analog electronics within each processing module determines the beam position using the log-ratio technique. For system reliability, calibrations compensate for various temperature drifts and other imperfections in the processing electronics components. Additionally, verifications are periodically implemented by a PC running a National Instruments LabVIEW virtual instrument (VI) to verify continued system and cable integrity. The VI communicates with the processor cards via a PCI/MXI-3 VXI-crate communication module. Previously, accelerator operators performed BPM system calibrations typically once per day while beam was explicitly turned off. One of this new measurement system's unique achievements is its automated calibration and verification capability. Taking advantage of the pulsed nature of the LANSCE-facility beams, the integrated electronics hardware and VI perform calibration and verification operations between beam pulses without interrupting production beam delivery. The design, construction, and performance results of the automated calibration and verification portion of this position measurement system will be the topic of this paper.

Gun Liner Emplacement With an Elastomeric Material

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

Introduction The U.S. Army uses liners or coatings in many of its guns currently in service. This includes a chrome coating in the M256 main tank...coatings increase the barrel wear life of those guns by protecting them against the effects of hot propellant gasses. Chrome coatings are applied by...CCM is a chrome -cobalt alloy that is used for medical implants. The tube was machined from a solid bar of metal. The load frame was programmed to

Electrodeposition of Nanocrystalline Co-P Coatings as a Hard Chrome Alternative

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-02

Electrodeposition  of Nanocrystalline Co‐P  Coatings as a Hard Chrome Alternative Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden...AND SUBTITLE Electrodeposition of Nanocrystalline Co‐P Coatings as a Hard Chrome Alternative 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c...Defense Conference – 2 September 2009 Conventional  Electrodeposits Polycrystalline (10‐100 µm) Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Materials Pulsed

Development of CMOS MEMS inductive type tactile sensor with the integration of chrome steel ball force interface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yeh, Sheng-Kai; Chang, Heng-Chung; Fang, Weileun

2018-04-01

This study presents an inductive tactile sensor with a chrome steel ball sensing interface based on the commercially available standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process (the TSMC 0.18 µm 1P6M CMOS process). The tactile senor has a deformable polymer layer as the spring of the device and no fragile suspended thin film structures are required. As a tactile force is applied on the chrome steel ball, the polymer would deform. The distance between the chrome steel ball and the sensing coil would changed. Thus, the tactile force can be detected by the inductance change of the sensing coil. In short, the chrome steel ball acts as a tactile bump as well as the sensing interface. Experimental results show that the proposed inductive tactile sensor has a sensing range of 0-1.4 N with a sensitivity of 9.22(%/N) and nonlinearity of 2%. Preliminary wireless sensing test is also demonstrated. Moreover, the influence of the process and material issues on the sensor performances have also been investigated.

The CHROME Honors Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, Eleanor

2002-01-01

The CHROME Honors Program was designed as a two-week residential program for 9th and 1Oth grade students participating in CHROME clubs. The curriculum focused on the health sciences with instruction from: (1) the science and health curriculum of the Dozoretz National Program for Minorities in Applied Sciences (DNIMAS) Program of Norfolk State University (NSU); (2) the humanities curriculum of the NSU Honors Program; (3) NASA-related curriculum in human physiology. An Advisory Committee was formed to work with the Project Coordinator in the design of the summer program.

Electrodeposition of Nanocrystalline Co-P Coatings as a Hard Chrome Alternative (Briefing Charts)

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-10

chrome plating utilizes chromium in the hexavalent state (Cr6+) Cr6+ is a known carcinogen and poses a health risk to operators OSHA lowered the Cr6+ PEL...from 52 µg/m3 to 5 µg/m3 8 Apr 09, Memorandum, DoD Directive Hexavalent Chromium Management Policy NAVAIR Cr6+ Authorization Process Hard Chrome...Systems Allocation (ESA) data extrapolated across all FRCs over a 10 yr period Environmental Driver/Benefit (Hexavalent Chromium Plating at Navy

Variation of solar-selective properties of black chrome with plating time

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcdonald, G. E.; Curtis, H. B.

1975-01-01

The spectral reflectance properties of a commercially prepared black chrome over dull nickel, both plated on steel, for various plating times of the black chrome were measured. The plating current was 180 amperes per square foot. Values of absorptance integrated over the solar spectrum, and of infrared emittance integrated over black-body radiation at 250 F were obtained. It is shown that plating between one and two minutes produces the optimum combination of highest heat absorbed and lowest heat lost by radiation.

Nanocrystalline Cobalt-Phosphorous Electroplating as an Alternative to Hard Chromium Electroplating

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-01

Validate pulsed electrodeposition of Nanocrystalline Cobalt-Phosphorous (nCoP) alloy coatings as a Hard Chrome electroplating alternative for DoD...limits Cr+6  Cathode Efficiency Cr Plating *Co PEL is 20 µg/m3  ≈5X faster than Chrome plating  Increased throughput  One nCo-P tank can...replace several hard chrome tanks  Bath is Stable nCoP Plating Approaches 100% Efficiency  Process Comparison CoP Technical Approach

Weight of Polyethylene Wear Particles is Similar in TKAs with Oxidized Zirconium and Cobalt-chrome Prostheses

PubMed Central

Kim, Jun-Shik; Huh, Wansoo; Lee, Kwang-Hoon

2009-01-01

Background The greater lubricity and resistance to scratching of oxidized zirconium femoral components are expected to result in less polyethylene wear than cobalt-chrome femoral components. Questions/purposes We examined polyethylene wear particles in synovial fluid and compared the weight, size (equivalent circle diameter), and shape (aspect ratio) of polyethylene wear particles in knees with an oxidized zirconium femoral component with those in knees with a cobalt-chrome femoral component. Patients and Methods One hundred patients received an oxidized zirconium femoral component in one knee and a cobalt-chrome femoral component in the other. There were 73 women and 27 men with a mean age of 55.6 years (range, 44–60 years). The minimum followup was 5 years (mean, 5.5 years; range, 5–6 years). Polyethylene wear particles were analyzed using thermogravimetric methods and scanning electron microscopy. Results The weight of polyethylene wear particles produced at the bearing surface was 0.0223 ± 0.0054 g in 1 g synovial fluid in patients with an oxidized zirconium femoral component and 0.0228 ± 0.0062 g in patients with a cobalt-chrome femoral component. Size and shape of polyethylene wear particles were 0.59 ± 0.05 μm and 1.21 ± 0.24, respectively, in the patients with an oxidized zirconium femoral component and 0.52 ± 0.03 μm and 1.27 ± 0.31, respectively, in the patients with a cobalt-chrome femoral component. Knee Society knee and function scores, radiographic results, and complication rate were similar between the knees with an oxidized zirconium and cobalt-chrome femoral component. Conclusions The weight, size, and shape of polyethylene wear particles were similar in the knees with an oxidized zirconium and a cobalt-chrome femoral component. We found the theoretical advantages of this surface did not provide the actual advantage. Level of Evidence Level I, therapeutic study. See the guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. PMID:19949906

22 CFR 103.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the Legal Adviser, U.S. Department of State. Facility agreement. A written agreement or arrangement... relating to a specific facility subject to on-site verification pursuant to Articles IV, V, and VI of the... CWC declaration and inspection requirements for specified facilities. The lead agencies are the...

33 CFR 106.305 - Facility Security Assessment (FSA) requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., including computer systems and networks; (vi) Existing agreements with private security companies; (vii) Any... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Facility Security Assessment (FSA... SECURITY MARITIME SECURITY MARINE SECURITY: OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF (OCS) FACILITIES Outer Continental...

33 CFR 106.305 - Facility Security Assessment (FSA) requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., including computer systems and networks; (vi) Existing agreements with private security companies; (vii) Any... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Facility Security Assessment (FSA... SECURITY MARITIME SECURITY MARINE SECURITY: OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF (OCS) FACILITIES Outer Continental...

33 CFR 106.305 - Facility Security Assessment (FSA) requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., including computer systems and networks; (vi) Existing agreements with private security companies; (vii) Any... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Facility Security Assessment (FSA... SECURITY MARITIME SECURITY MARINE SECURITY: OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF (OCS) FACILITIES Outer Continental...

33 CFR 106.305 - Facility Security Assessment (FSA) requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., including computer systems and networks; (vi) Existing agreements with private security companies; (vii) Any... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Facility Security Assessment (FSA... SECURITY MARITIME SECURITY MARINE SECURITY: OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF (OCS) FACILITIES Outer Continental...

Soybean plant growth study conducted using purified protein hydrolysate-based fertilizer made from chrome-tanned leather waste.

PubMed

Pati, Anupama; Chaudhary, Rubina

2015-12-01

Leather processing discharges enormous amount of chrome containing leather solid waste which creates a major disposal problem. Chrome-tanned leather solid waste is a complex of collagen and chromium. The presence of chromium limits protein application in fertilizer industry. The purified protein hydrolysate with zero chromium could be used as a nitrogen source for fertilizer formulation. In this study, an attempt has been made to employ purified protein hydrolysate derived from chrome-tanned leather shavings (CTLS) in formulation of fertilizer. The formulated fertilizer (1–3 t ha(-1)) is employed as nitrogen source in production of soybean. Plant growth study demonstrates that formulated fertilizer dosage 3 t ha(-1) produced similar effects of commercial fertilizer-treated plants. Application of formulated fertilizer yielded higher seed in plant than commercial fertilizer.

Manufacturing of ArF chromeless hard shifter for 65-nm technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Keun-Taek; Dieu, Laurent; Hughes, Greg P.; Green, Kent G.; Croffie, Ebo H.; Taravade, Kunal N.

2003-12-01

For logic design, Chrome-less Phase Shift Mask is one of the possible solutions for defining small geometry with low MEF (mask enhancement factor) for the 65nm node. There have been lots of dedicated studies on the PCO (Phase Chrome Off-axis) mask technology and several design approaches have been proposed including grating background, chrome patches (or chrome shield) for applying PCO on line/space and contact pattern. In this paper, we studied the feasibility of grating design for line and contact pattern. The design of the grating pattern was provided from the EM simulation software (TEMPEST) and the aerial image simulation software. AIMS measurements with high NA annular illumination were done. Resist images were taken on designed pattern in different focus. Simulations, AIMS are compared to verify the consistency of the process with wafer printed performance.

Preliminary Results on the Use of Leather Chrome Shavings for Air Passive Sampling

PubMed Central

Sanjuán-Herráez, D.; Chabaane, L.; Tahiri, S.; Pastor, A.; de la Guardia, M.

2012-01-01

A new passive sampler based on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) layflat tube filled with chrome shavings from tannery waste residues was evaluated to determine volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor and outdoor areas. VOCs were directly determined by head space-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) without any pretreatment of the sampler and avoiding the use of solvents. Limit of detection values ranging from 20 to 75 ng sampler−1 and good repeatability values were obtained for VOCs under study with relative standard deviation values from 2.8 to 9.6% except for carbon disulfide for which it was 22.5%. The effect of the amount of chrome shavings per sampler was studied and results were compared with those obtained using empty LDPE tubes, to demonstrate the capacity of chrome shavings to adsorb VOCs. PMID:22900233

A conceptual model for determining career choice of CHROME alumna based on farmer's conceptual models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moore, Lisa Simmons

This qualitative program evaluation examines the career decision-making processes and career choices of nine, African American women who participated in the Cooperating Hampton Roads Organization for Minorities in Engineering (CHROME) and who graduated from urban, rural or suburban high schools in the year 2000. The CHROME program is a nonprofit, pre-college intervention program that encourages underrepresented minority and female students to enter science, technically related, engineering, and math (STEM) career fields. The study describes career choices and decisions made by each participant over a five-year period since high school graduation. Data was collected through an Annual Report, Post High School Questionnaires, Environmental Support Questionnaires, Career Choice Questionnaires, Senior Reports, and standardized open-ended interviews. Data was analyzed using a model based on Helen C. Farmer's Conceptual Models, John Ogbu's Caste Theory and Feminist Theory. The CHROME program, based on its stated goals and tenets, was also analyzed against study findings. Findings indicated that participants received very low levels of support from counselors and teachers to pursue STEM careers and high levels of support from parents and family, the CHROME program and financial backing. Findings of this study also indicated that the majority of CHROME alumna persisted in STEM careers. The most successful participants, in terms of undergraduate degree completion and occupational prestige, were the African American women who remained single, experienced no critical incidents, came from a middle class to upper middle class socioeconomic background, and did not have children.

A hip joint simulator study using new and physiologically scratched femoral heads with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene acetabular cups.

PubMed

Barbour, P S; Stone, M H; Fisher, J

2000-01-01

This study validates a hip joint simulator configuration as compared with other machines and clinical wear rates using smooth metal and ceramic femoral heads and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular cups. Secondly the wear rate of UHMWPE cups is measured in the simulator with deliberately scratched cobalt-chrome heads to represent the type of mild and severe scratch damage found on retrieved heads. Finally, the scratching processes are described and the resulting scratches compared with those found in retrieved cobalt-chrome heads. For smooth cobalt-chrome and zirconia heads the wear rates were found to be statistically similar to other simulator machines and within the normal range found from clinical studies. An increased wear rate was found with cobalt-chrome heads scratched using either the diamond stylus or the bead cobalt-chrome but the greatest increase was with the diamond scratched heads which generated scratches of similar dimensions to those on retrieved heads. A greater than twofold increase in wear rate is reported for these heads when compared with smooth heads. This increased wear rate is, however, still within the limits of data from clinical wear studies.

Total control of chromium in tanneries - thermal decomposition of filtration cake from enzymatic hydrolysis of chrome shavings.

PubMed

Kocurek, P; Kolomazník, K; Bařinová, M; Hendrych, J

2017-04-01

This paper deals with the problem of chromium recovery from chrome-tanned waste and thus with reducing the environmental impact of the leather industry. Chrome-tanned waste was transformed by alkaline enzymatic hydrolysis promoted by magnesium oxide into practically chromium-free, commercially applicable collagen hydrolysate and filtration cake containing a high portion of chromium. The crude and magnesium-deprived chromium cakes were subjected to a process of thermal decomposition at 650°C under oxygen-free conditions to reduce the amount of this waste and to study the effect of magnesium removal on the resulting products. Oxygen-free conditions were applied in order to prevent the oxidation of trivalent chromium into the hazardous hexavalent form. Thermal decomposition products from both crude and magnesium-deprived chrome cakes were characterized by high chromium content over 50%, which occurred as eskolaite (Cr 2 O 3 ) and magnesiochromite (MgCr 2 O 4 ) crystal phases, respectively. Thermal decomposition decreased the amount of chrome cake dry feed by 90%. Based on the performed experiments, a scheme for the total control of chromium in the leather industry was designed.

GSDO Program Hexavalent Chrome Alternatives: Final Pretreatments Test Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kessel, Kurt

2013-01-01

Hexavalent chrome free pretreatments should be considered for use on Ground Support Equipment (OSE) and Electrical Ground Support Equipment (EOSE). Both of the hexavalent chrome free pretreatments (Metalast TCP HF and SurTec 650C) evaluated by this project met, and in some instances exceeded, the requirements ofMIL-DTL-5541 "Chemical Conversion Coatings on Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys". For DC resistance measurements, both Metalast TCP HF and SurTec (!50C met initial requirements following assembly and in many cases continued to maintain passing readings for the duration of testing.

42 CFR 483.430 - Condition of participation: Facility staffing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... have at least a master's degree in psychology from an accredited school. (vi) To be designated as a... psychology). (xi) If the client's individual program plan is being successfully implemented by facility staff...

42 CFR 483.430 - Condition of participation: Facility staffing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... have at least a master's degree in psychology from an accredited school. (vi) To be designated as a... psychology). (xi) If the client's individual program plan is being successfully implemented by facility staff...

42 CFR 483.430 - Condition of participation: Facility staffing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... have at least a master's degree in psychology from an accredited school. (vi) To be designated as a... psychology). (xi) If the client's individual program plan is being successfully implemented by facility staff...

Black chrome solar selective coating

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pettit, R.B.; Sowell, R.R.

1980-01-01

Electrodeposited black chrome solar selective coatings have frequently experienced thermal stability problems when heated to temperatures above 250/sup 0/C (480/sup 0/F) in air. By reducing the trivalent chromium concentration in the standard black chrome plating bath, coatings on nickel substrates are obtained which are stable for thousands of hours at 350/sup 0/C (660/sup 0/F) and for hundreds of hours at 400/sup 0/C (750/sup 0/F). These results have been obtained consistently on a laboratory scale, but difficulty in reproducing the results has been encountered in a production environment. A current study of the effects of known plating variables on the opticalmore » properties and thermal stability of coatings is aimed at establishing an acceptable range for each plating parameter. A preliminary process specification for electroplating mild steel substrates with a stable black chrome coating is presented.« less

Facile preparation of magnetic mesoporous MnFe2O4@SiO2-CTAB composites for Cr(VI) adsorption and reduction.

PubMed

Li, Na; Fu, Fenglian; Lu, Jianwei; Ding, Zecong; Tang, Bing; Pang, Jiabin

2017-01-01

Chromium-contaminated water is regarded as one of the biggest threats to human health. In this study, a novel magnetic mesoporous MnFe 2 O 4 @SiO 2 -CTAB composite was prepared by a facile one-step modification method and applied to remove Cr(VI). X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, specific surface area, and vibrating sample magnetometer were used to characterize MnFe 2 O 4 @SiO 2 -CTAB composites. The morphology analysis showed that the composites displayed a core-shell structure. The outer shell was mesoporous silica with CTAB and the core was MnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles, which ensured the easy separation by an external magnetic field. The performance of MnFe 2 O 4 @SiO 2 -CTAB composites in Cr(VI) removal was far better than that of bare MnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles. There were two reasons for the effective removal of Cr(VI) by MnFe 2 O 4 @SiO 2 -CTAB composites: (1) mesoporous silica shell with abundant CTA + significantly enhanced the Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of the composites; (2) a portion of Cr(VI) was reduced to less toxic Cr(III) by MnFe 2 O 4 , followed by Cr(III) immobilized on MnFe 2 O 4 @SiO 2 -CTAB composites, which had been demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results. The adsorption of Cr(VI) onto MnFe 2 O 4 @SiO 2 -CTAB followed the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order model. Tests on the regeneration and reuse of the composites were performed. The removal efficiency of Cr(VI) still retained 92.4% in the sixth cycle. MnFe 2 O 4 @SiO 2 -CTAB composites exhibited a great potential for the removal of Cr(VI) from water. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Low-Chrome/Chrome Free Refractories for Slagging Gasifiers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bennett, J.P.; Kwong, K.-S.; Powell, C.P.

2007-01-01

Gasifiers are containment vessels used to react carbon-containing materials with oxygen and water, producing syngas (CO and H2) that is used in chemical and power production. It is also a potential source of H2 in a future hydrogen economy. Air cooled slagging gasifiers are one type of gasifier, operating at temperatures from 1275-1575º C and at pressures of 400 psi or higher. They typically use coal or petroleum coke as the carbon source, materials which contain ash impurities that liquefy at the gasification temperatures, producing liquid slag in quantities of 100 or more tons/day, depending on the carbon fed ratemore » and the percent ash present in the feedstock. The molten slag is corrosive to refractory linings, causing chemical dissolution and spalling. The refractory lining is composed of chrome oxide, alumina, and zirconia; and is replaced every 3-24 months. Gasifier users would like greater on-line availability and reliability of gasifier liners, something that has impacted gasifier acceptance by industry. Research is underway at NETL to improve refractory service life and to develop a no-chrome or low-chrome oxide alternative refractory liner. Over 250 samples of no- or low-chrome oxide compositions have been evaluated for slag interactions by cup testing; with potential candidates for further studies including those with ZrO2, Al2O3, and MgO materials. The development of improved liner materials is necessary if technologies such as IGCC and DOE’s Near Zero Emissions Advanced Fossil Fuel Power Plant are to be successful and move forward in the marketplace.« less

Spectroscopic Evidence of Uranium Immobilization in Acidic ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Biogeochemistry of uranium in wetlands plays important roles in U immobilization in storage ponds of U mining and processing facilities but has not been well understood. The objective of this work was to study molecular mechanisms responsible for high U retention by Savannah River Site (SRS) wetland sediments under varying redox and acidic (pH = 2.6-5.8) conditions using U L3-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Uranium in the SRS wetland sediments existed primarily as U(VI) bonded as a bidentate to carboxylic sites (U-C bond distance at ~2.88 Å), rather than phenolic or other sites of natural organic matter (NOM). In microcosms simulating the SRS wetland process, U immobilization on roots was 2 orders of magnitude higher than on the adjacent brown or more distant white sands in which U was U(VI). Uranium on the roots were both U(IV) and U(VI), which were bonded as a bidentate to carbon, but the U(VI) may also form a U phosphate mineral. After 140 days of air exposure, all U(IV) was reoxidized to U(VI) but remained as a bidentate bonding to carbon. This study demonstrated NOM and plant roots can highly immobilize U(VI) in the SRS acidic sediments, which has significant implication on the long-term stewardship of U-contaminated wetlands. There were several former U processing facilities at the Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC. As a result of their operations, uranium has entered the surrounding environments. For example, approximately 45,000 kg o

40 CFR 51.853 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... (vi) Administrative actions such as personnel actions, organizational changes, debt management or...) Actions, such as the following, with respect to existing structures, properties, facilities and lands... conducted at the existing structures, properties, facilities, and lands; for example, relocation of...

40 CFR 425.03 - Sulfide analytical methods and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... wastewaters discharged by plants operating in all subcategories except the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan... operating in the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory (subpart C, see § 425.30...

40 CFR 425.03 - Sulfide analytical methods and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... wastewaters discharged by plants operating in all subcategories except the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan... operating in the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory (subpart C, see § 425.30...

40 CFR 425.50 - Applicability; description of the no beamhouse subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY No... cattle hides, sheepskins, or splits (hair previously removed and pickled) into finished leather by chrome or non-chrome tanning, and retan-wet finishing. ...

Survey of coatings for solar collectors. [ceramic enamels and chromium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcdonald, G. E.

1974-01-01

Ceramic enamel is found to be more solar selective, (i.e., has high solar absorptance in combination with low infrared emittance) than organic enamel, but neither is as solar selective as black chrome, black copper, black zinc, or black nickel. Ceramic enamel is matched only by black chrome in durability and wide availability. Ceramic enamel and organic enamel have approximately the same cost, and both are currently slightly lower in cost than black chrome, black copper, or black zinc. Black nickel is relatively unavailable and, because of that, realistic cost comparisons are not possible.

Status of black chrome coating research

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pettit, R.B.; Sowell, R.R.

1983-01-01

Recent results regarding the optimization of electrodeposited black chrome solar selective coatings for operation in solar collectors to temperatures up to 300/sup 0/C are summarized. Careful control of the electroplating-bath composition and special regard for bath contamination are required in order to obtain coatings that will survive daily collector operation for tens of years. An accelerated temperature aging test is presented which can be used both to estimate the coating lifetime and to monitor the coating during production. Finally, the use of sol-gel protective films to extend the lifetime of the black chrome coating is also discussed.

Characterization of Crystallographic Structure and Internal Stress of Chromium Coatings Plated under Current Interruptions.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

phase has a preferred orientation as most other electrodeposits, this peak found off the equatorial direction provided a way of measuring...40 (S)IoA) 1IliN3i0d , STANDARD HARD CHROM (KiC) INTERRUPTED PLATED CHROME (tC) -4’? 1001 1000X KC Chrome IC Chrome Bath Temperature *C 55 55 Current...COMMANDER ATTN: DRSNC- LC (D) I US ARMY TANK-AUTMV COWD DRSMC-LCE(D) 1 ATTN: DRSTA-RC DRSC-LCM(D) (BLDG 321) 1 WARREN, MI 48090 DRSMC- LCS (D) 1 DRSNC-LCU

Pathfinder Atomic Power Plant Nozzle Galling Test, Final Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None, None

1961-12-29

Galling tests of 304, 17-4PH, and chrome-plated 304 stainless-steel nozzles with 304 stainless-steel sleeves were conducted at Pathflnder reactor conditions of 480 deg F, 600 psig. A horizontal force was imposed on the sleeve with the nozzle inserted; and the nozzle was moved axially to determine galling tendencies. Galling was produced on both the 304 and 17-4PH stainless-steel nozzles. The chrome-plated 304-stainless-steel nozzles were cycled numerous times without galling. On the basis of these tests, chrome-plated 304-stainless- steel is the material selected for the Pathfinder boiler fuel-element nozzle.

Low cost forged Y-pattern valves control hot corrosive/erosive gases

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gaines, A.

The Morgantown Energy Technology Center in Morgantown, West Virginia is a research facility of the US Department of Energy (DOE) that does research on fossil fuels utilization and conversion to provide improved and environmentally acceptable energy sources. One area of investigation in the Morgantown facility is the use of gaseous fuels derived from coal from fluidized-bed and fixed-bed gasification technologies. The corrosive and slightly erosive gases and vapors at about 1000F and from 100 to 300 psi are treated in an experimental desulfurization unit to produce fuel gas with greatly enhanced environmental characteristics. The valves in use were constructed ofmore » Type 347 stainless steel, a stabilized version of 316 SS, and cost about $6000 for the 2'' size and about $4000 for the 1'' size. Despite the high cost, the valve sometimes became difficult or impossible to operate due to metal failures. The Technology Center had a number of new Class 1500 Y-pattern (angle-style) globe valves in inventory. The control valve body and bonnet are forged chrome moly steel (ASTM-H182-F22), the stem assembly is a 13% chrome alloy with an erosion resistant hard faced disc, and the seat ring is a cobalt-base alloy fused in place as an integral part of the body. Stem packing as an either wire inserted molded asbestos or Grafoil flexible graphite. The Y-pattern globe valves in 1 and 2'' sizes, which were judged potentially suitable and on hand, were installed in the experimental desulfization unit as well as in the connecting hot gas piping system to a new coal gasification process. The Class 1500 Y-pattern valves have provided reliable control of the hot corrosive and erosive gas streams with very little maintenance.« less

20 CFR 655.1116 - Element VI-What notification must facilities provide to registered nurses?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... provide to registered nurses? 655.1116 Section 655.1116 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING... Requirements Must a Facility Meet to Employ H-1C Nonimmigrant Workers as Registered Nurses? § 655.1116 Element VI—What notification must facilities provide to registered nurses? (a) The sixth attestation element...

20 CFR 655.1116 - Element VI-What notification must facilities provide to registered nurses?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... provide to registered nurses? 655.1116 Section 655.1116 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING... Requirements Must a Facility Meet to Employ H-1C Nonimmigrant Workers as Registered Nurses? § 655.1116 Element VI—What notification must facilities provide to registered nurses? (a) The sixth attestation element...

42 CFR 483.12 - Admission, transfer and discharge rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... needs, under paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section; or (E) A resident has not resided in the facility for... telephone number of the State long term care ombudsman; (vi) For nursing facility residents with... Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act; and (vii) For nursing facility residents who are mentally ill...

42 CFR 483.12 - Admission, transfer and discharge rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... needs, under paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section; or (E) A resident has not resided in the facility for... telephone number of the State long term care ombudsman; (vi) For nursing facility residents with... Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act; and (vii) For nursing facility residents who are mentally ill...

42 CFR 483.12 - Admission, transfer and discharge rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... needs, under paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section; or (E) A resident has not resided in the facility for... telephone number of the State long term care ombudsman; (vi) For nursing facility residents with... Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act; and (vii) For nursing facility residents who are mentally ill...

42 CFR 483.12 - Admission, transfer and discharge rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... needs, under paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section; or (E) A resident has not resided in the facility for... telephone number of the State long term care ombudsman; (vi) For nursing facility residents with... Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act; and (vii) For nursing facility residents who are mentally ill...

HVOF repair of steering rams for the USS Saipan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dwyer, A.L.; Jones, S.A.; Wykle, R.J.

1995-12-31

The steering rams aboard the USS Saipan (LHA-2) were badly corroded after 18 years of service. These rams are hydraulically operated and change the angle of the ship`s rudder. This corrosion allowed excessive leaking of hydraulic fluid into the machinery space. Permanent repairs were required as the ship has more than 20 years of service life remaining. Two methods of repair were considered, chrome plating and a HVOF applied coating. The size, 13 in. diameter and 15 ft in length, posed a significant problem for either process. The cost of the repair was similar but the time for completion wasmore » better with the HVOF process since chrome plating would have to be accomplished off yard. The HVOF process was not available within the shipyard at the time and the process and material to be used had not been approved. Extensive testing was required to get approval to proceed, a facility to accomplish the work had to be built, and the operators and HVOF procedure had to be qualified. After completion of spraying, single point machining and honing was used to obtain the required surface finish. This was the largest single HVOF coating applied by the Navy and great interest to all concerned.« less

Mid-term survivorship and clinical outcomes of cobalt-chrome and oxidized zirconium on highly crosslinked polyethylene.

PubMed

Petis, Stephen M; Vasarhelyi, Edward M; Lanting, Brent A; Howard, James L; Naudie, Douglas D R; Somerville, Lyndsay E; McCalden, Richard W

2016-02-01

The choice of bearing articulation for total hip arthroplasty in younger patients is amenable to debate. We compared mid-term patient-reported outcomes and survivorship across 2 different bearing articulations in a young patient cohort. We reviewed patients with cobalt-chrome or oxidized zirconium on highly crosslinked polyethylene who were followed prospectively between 2004 and 2012. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine predicted cumulative survivorship at 5 years with all-cause and aseptic revisions as the outcome. We compared patient-reported outcomes, including the Harris hip score (HHS), Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Short-form 12 (SF-12) scores. A total of 622 patients were followed during the study period. Mean follow-up was 8.2 (range 2.0-10.6) years for cobalt-chrome and 7.8 (range 2.1-10.7) years for oxidized zirconium. Mean age was 54.9 ± 10.6 years for cobalt-chrome and 54.8 ± 10.7 years for oxidized zirconium. Implant survivorship was 96.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 94.9%-97.1%) for cobalt-chrome and 98.7% (95% CI 98.0%-99.4%) for oxidized zirconium on highly crosslinked polyethylene for all-cause revisions, and 97.2% (95% CI 96.2%-98.2%) for cobalt-chrome and 99.0% (95% CI 98.4%-99.6%) for oxidized zirconium for aseptic revisions. An age-, sex- and diagnosis-matched comparison of the HHS, WOMAC and SF-12 scores demonstrated no significant changes in clinical outcomes across the groups. Both bearing surface couples demonstrated excellent mid-term survivorship and outcomes in young patient cohorts. Future analyses on wear and costs are warranted to elicit differences between the groups at long-term follow-up.

Sorption and bioreduction of hexavalent uranium at a military facility by the Chesapeake Bay.

PubMed

Dong, Wenming; Xie, Guibo; Miller, Todd R; Franklin, Mark P; Oxenberg, Tanya Palmateer; Bouwer, Edward J; Ball, William P; Halden, Rolf U

2006-07-01

Directly adjacent to the Chesapeake Bay lies the Aberdeen Proving Ground, a U.S. Army facility where testing of armor-piercing ammunitions has resulted in the deposition of >70,000 kg of depleted uranium (DU) to local soils and sediments. Results of previous environmental monitoring suggested limited mobilization in the impact area and no transport of DU into the nation's largest estuary. To determine if physical and biological reactions constitute mechanisms involved in limiting contaminant transport, the sorption and biotransformation behavior of the radionuclide was studied using geochemical modeling and laboratory microcosms (500 ppb U(VI) initially). An immediate decline in dissolved U(VI) concentrations was observed under both sterile and non-sterile conditions due to rapid association of U(VI) with natural organic matter in the sediment. Reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) occurred only in non-sterile microcosms. In the non-sterile samples, intrinsic bioreduction of uranium involved bacteria of the order Clostridiales and was only moderately enhanced by the addition of acetate (41% vs. 56% in 121 days). Overall, this study demonstrates that the migration of depleted uranium from the APG site into the Chesapeake Bay may be limited by a combination of processes that include rapid sorption of U(VI) species to natural organic matter, followed by slow, intrinsic bioreduction to U(IV).

Ultraviolet Curable Powder Coatings with Robotic Curing for Aerospace Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-01

millions of dollars annually on solvent- based coatings  Hexavalent chrome primer use still very widespread  Contains or requires volatile solvent...functionality can be added  Various advanced non- chrome corrosion inhibitors DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Case

Analysis of Sulfidation Routes for Processing Weathered Ilmenite Concentrates Containing Impurities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahmad, Sazzad; Rhamdhani, M. Akbar; Pownceby, Mark I.; Bruckard, Warren J.

Rutile is the preferred feedstock for producing high-grade TiO2 pigment but due to decreasing resources, alternative materials such as ilmenite is now used to produce a synthetic rutile (SR) feedstock. This requires removal of impurities (e.g. Fe, Mg, Mn) which, for a primary ilmenite is straightforward process. Processing of weathered ilmenite however, is complex, especially when chrome-bearing impurities are present since minor chromium downgrades the SR market value as it imparts color to the final TiO2 pigment, Chrome-bearing spinels are a problem in weathered ilmenites from the Murray Basin, Australia as their physical and chemical properties overlap with ilmenite making separation difficult. In this paper, different sulfidation process routes for weathered ilmenites are analyzed for their applicability to Murray Basin deposits as a mean of remove chrome spinel impurities. Thermodynamic and experimental studies indicated that selective sulfidation of chrome-bearing spinel can be achieved under controlled pO2 and pS2 processing conditions thereby making them amenable to separation.

Start-stop testing of two self-acting air-lubricated spiral groove thrust bearing coatings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dunfee, J. D.; Shapiro, W.

1974-01-01

Start-stop tests were conducted on air-lubricated spiral-groove thrust bearings. Application of a matrix-bonded molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) coating over a porous chrome oxide coating resulted in significantly lower friction, compared to bearings coated with chrome oxide only. The MoS2 coated bearing sustained 15,000 start-stop cycles at a maximum of 3600 rpm. Each cycle was 15 seconds on, 30 seconds off. The chrome oxide coated bearing failed by local welding after 2030 cycles. Both types of coatings exhibited early failures under higher thrust loads when operating films were insufficient to sustain the load without overheating.

75 FR 15389 - No Child Left Behind School Facilities and Construction Negotiated Rulemaking Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-29

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Indian Affairs 25 CFR CHAPTER VI No Child Left Behind School..., the Bureau of Indian Affairs is announcing that the No Child Left Behind School Facilities and... school facilities as required under the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. DATES: The Committee's second...

Elevated Frequencies of Micronuclei and other Nuclear Abnormalities of Chrome Plating Workers Occupationally Exposed to Hexavalent Chromium.

PubMed

Sudha, S; Kripa, S K; Shibily, P; Shyn, J

2011-01-01

Biomonitoring provides a useful tool to estimate the genetic risk from exposure to genotoxic agents. The aim of this study was to assess the potential cytogenetic damage associated with occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium by using micronuclei (MN) as a biomarker. This was a cross-sectional study and all participants were males. Both the exposed and control individuals were selected from Coimbatore, Southern India. Exfoliated buccal cells from 44 chrome plating workers and 40 age and sex matched control subjects were examined for MN frequency and nuclear abnormalities (NA) other than micronuclei, such as binucleates, broken eggs, karyorrhexis, karyolysis and pyknosis. Results showed statistically significant difference between chrome plating workers and control groups. MN and NA frequencies in chrome plating workers were significantly higher than those in control groups (p < 0.05) and also significantly related to smoking habit (P < 0.05). A significant difference in NA was observed in workers exposed to chromium for longer duration. In addition to this, a higher degree of NA was observed among smokers. MN and other NA reflect genetic changes, events associated with carcinogenesis. Therefore the results of this study indicate that chrome plating workers are under risk of significant cytogenetic damage. Therefore, there is a need to educate those who work with heavy metals about the potential hazard of occupational exposure and the importance of using protective measures.

Application of molecular simulation to investigate chrome(III)-crosslinked collagen problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ding, Yun-Qiao; Chen, Cheng-Lung; Gu, Qi-Rui; Liao, Jun-Min; Chuang, Po-Hsiang

2014-04-01

Molecular dynamics simulation with a modified CHARMM (Chemistry at Harvard Macromolecular Mechanics) force field was carried out to investigate the properties of chrome-tanned collagen in comparison with chrome-free collagen under hydrated and dehydrated conditions. An attempt has been made to explain the microcosmic origins of the various properties of the chromium(III)-crosslinked collagen. The present simulation describes the clear crosslinking topology of polychromiums to peptide chains, identifies the linking site and the capacity of the linkage, explains why the efficiency is not 100% in a practical tanning process and provides a new viewpoint on the crosslinking of the polychromium with the side chains of the collagen.

Discontinuation of approval of modifications in notes, guaranteed under Title VI or VII of the Public Health Service Act, proposed to permit use of the notes as collateral for tax-exempt financings--PHS. Final rule.

PubMed

1983-09-21

The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) adds a new section to regulations for making and guaranteeing loans for construction and modernization of hospitals and medical facilities and to regulations for guaranteeing loans for the construction of teaching facilities for health professions personnel. Under these regulations HHS will not approve the modification of the terms of an existing loan guaranteed under Title VI or Title VII of the Public Health Service (PHS) Act if the modification would permit use of the guarantee (or guaranteed loan) as collateral for tax-exempt financing.

33 CFR 106.305 - Facility Security Assessment (FSA) requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... available to maintain essential services; (vi) The essential maintenance equipment and storage areas; (vii... procedures relating to essential services; (v) Measures to protect radio and telecommunication equipment... property, or economic disruption, of an attack on or at the OCS facility; and (7) Locations where access...

CHROME: An Approach to Teaching the Concept of Inter-Functional Cooperation in Services Organizations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Lester W.

2010-01-01

When teaching a services course (e.g., Services Marketing) it is essential that students understand that marketing/management, operations and human resource management within the service organization be fully coordinated. One useful acronym used to remind students of this need is "CHROME", standing for Communications, Human Resources,…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Du Preez, S. P.; Beukes, J. P.; Van Dalen, W. P. J.

The production of ferrochrome (FeCr) is a reducing process. However, it is impossible to completely exclude oxygen from all of the high-temperature production process steps, which may lead to unintentional formation of small amounts of Cr(VI). The majority of Cr(VI) is associated with particles found in the off-gas of the high-temperature processes, which are cleaned by means of venturi scrubbers or bag filter dust (BFD) systems. BFD contains the highest concentration of Cr(VI) of all FeCr wastes. In this study, the solubility of Cr(VI) present in BFD was determined by evaluating four different BFD samples. The results indicate that themore » currently applied Cr(VI) treatment strategies of the FeCr producer (with process water pH ≤ 9) only effectively extract and treat the water-soluble Cr(VI) compounds, which merely represented approximately 31% of the total Cr(VI) present in the BFD samples evaluated. Extended extraction time, within the afore-mentioned pH range, proved futile in extracting sparingly-soluble and water-insoluble Cr(VI) species, which represented approximately 34% and 35% of the total Cr(VI), respectively. Due to the deficiencies of the current treatment strategies, it is highly likely that sparingly water-soluble Cr(VI) compounds will leach from waste storage facilities (e.g. slimes dams) over time. Therefore, it is critical that improved Cr(VI) treatment strategies be formulated, which should be an important future perspective for FeCr producers and researchers alike.« less

Facile synthesis of efficient visible active C-doped TiO{sub 2} nanomaterials with high surface area for the simultaneous removal of phenol and Cr(VI)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mani, A.Daya; Reddy, P.Manoj Kumar; Srinivaas, M.

2015-01-15

Highlights: • Facile synthesis of C-doped TiO{sub 2} nanomaterials with high surface area. • Utilization of citric acid and ascorbic acid as fuels based on evolution of gases. • Enhanced visible activity for the oxidation of phenol and reduction of Cr(VI). • Study of simultaneous oxidation of phenol and reduction of Cr(VI) for the first time. • Proposed plausible mechanism for the simultaneous removal of phenol and Cr(VI). - Abstract: A single step synthesis of carbon doped TiO{sub 2} (anatase) nanomaterials have been reported by using combustion synthesis using ascorbic acid and citric acid fuels. X-ray diffraction studies indicated themore » formation of nanosized anatase titania, whereas, transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of nanosized TiO{sub 2} anatase. The carbon doping into TiO{sub 2} matrix was identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, whereas, thermogravimetric study quantified the carbon doping. Diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectra indicated the band gap of less than 3 eV, a prerequisite for the photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. The N{sub 2} adsorption studies revealed the high surface area (upto 290 m{sup 2}/g) of the synthesized photocatalysts. Typical photocatalytic activity data indicated that the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and phenol is advantageous than degradation of the individual pollutants.« less

Elevated Frequencies of Micronuclei and other Nuclear Abnormalities of Chrome Plating Workers Occupationally Exposed to Hexavalent Chromium

PubMed Central

Sudha, S; Kripa, SK; Shibily, P; Shyn, J

2011-01-01

Background Biomonitoring provides a useful tool to estimate the genetic risk from exposure to genotoxic agents. The aim of this study was to assess the potential cytogenetic damage associated with occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium by using micronuclei (MN) as a biomarker. Methods This was a cross-sectional study and all participants were males. Both the exposed and control individuals were selected from Coimbatore, Southern India. Exfoliated buccal cells from 44 chrome plating workers and 40 age and sex matched control subjects were examined for MN frequency and nuclear abnormalities (NA) other than micronuclei, such as binucleates, broken eggs, karyorrhexis, karyolysis and pyknosis. Results Results showed statistically significant difference between chrome plating workers and control groups. MN and NA frequencies in chrome plating workers were significantly higher than those in control groups (p < 0.05) and also significantly related to smoking habit (P < 0.05). A significant difference in NA was observed in workers exposed to chromium for longer duration. In addition to this, a higher degree of NA was observed among smokers. Conclusion MN and other NA reflect genetic changes, events associated with carcinogenesis. Therefore the results of this study indicate that chrome plating workers are under risk of significant cytogenetic damage. Therefore, there is a need to educate those who work with heavy metals about the potential hazard of occupational exposure and the importance of using protective measures. PMID:26328050

The Record of Meteorite Infall During the Jurassic as Derived from Chrome-Spinel Grains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caplan, C.; Huss, G. R.; Schmitz, B.; Nagashima, K.

2017-12-01

We study sediment-dispersed chrome-spinels in the stratigraphic record to determine how the types and amounts of meteorites falling to Earth have changed over time. The parent meteorite type of chrome-spinel grains can be determined using characteristic elemental and O-isotope compositions. In this study, we present data on grains from the Jurassic period ( 160 Ma). The Jurassic was chosen because of the possibility of discovering remnants from the breakup of the Baptistina asteroid family estimated to have occurred 160 Ma (+30, -20 Myr) (Bottke et al., 2007). Chrome-spinel grains derived from 400 kg of condensed limestone near Carcabuey, Spain were measured for their chemical compositions by electron microprobe, and their O-isotope compositions were measured by ion microprobe at the University of Hawai'i. Initial results show that 43% of the grains come from ordinary chondrites (OCs) and 18% from known types of achondrites. The remaining grains are extraterrestrial, as shown by their O-isotopes, but have not yet been classified. Some may represent material that is not currently falling on Earth. Meteorites falling on Earth today are 90.6% OCs and 7.1% achondrites. The Jurassic samples show a lower percentage of chrome-spinels from OCs (even though OCs are chrome-spinel rich). Other time periods also show meteorite abundances that are different than today. About 466 Ma there was an overwhelming influx of L-chondritic material (>99% of infalling material), due to the breakup of the L-chondrite parent body (Schmitz et al., 2001). One million years prior to the breakup, 56% of the infalling meteorites were OCs and 44% were achondrites (Heck et al., 2017). A new study suggests that 80% of the material falling in the Early Cretaceous (145-133 Ma) were from OCs and 10% were from achondrites (Schmitz et al., 2017). With just a few windows into Earth's past, we are already seeing significant changes in the mixture of materials that have fallen to Earth throughout time.

Mid-term survivorship and clinical outcomes of cobalt-chrome and oxidized zirconium on highly crosslinked polyethylene

PubMed Central

Petis, Stephen M.; Vasarhelyi, Edward M.; Lanting, Brent A.; Howard, James L.; Naudie, Douglas D.R.; Somerville, Lyndsay E.; McCalden, Richard W.

2016-01-01

Background The choice of bearing articulation for total hip arthroplasty in younger patients is amenable to debate. We compared mid-term patient-reported outcomes and survivorship across 2 different bearing articulations in a young patient cohort. Methods We reviewed patients with cobalt-chrome or oxidized zirconium on highly crosslinked polyethylene who were followed prospectively between 2004 and 2012. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to determine predicted cumulative survivorship at 5 years with all-cause and aseptic revisions as the outcome. We compared patient-reported outcomes, including the Harris hip score (HHS), Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Short-form 12 (SF-12) scores. Results A total of 622 patients were followed during the study period. Mean follow-up was 8.2 (range 2.0–10.6) years for cobalt-chrome and 7.8 (range 2.1–10.7) years for oxidized zirconium. Mean age was 54.9 ± 10.6 years for cobalt-chrome and 54.8 ± 10.7 years for oxidized zirconium. Implant survivorship was 96.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 94.9%–97.1%) for cobalt-chrome and 98.7% (95% CI 98.0%–99.4%) for oxidized zirconium on highly crosslinked polyethylene for all-cause revisions, and 97.2% (95% CI 96.2%–98.2%) for cobalt-chrome and 99.0% (95% CI 98.4%–99.6%) for oxidized zirconium for aseptic revisions. An age-, sex- and diagnosis-matched comparison of the HHS, WOMAC and SF-12 scores demonstrated no significant changes in clinical outcomes across the groups. Conclusion Both bearing surface couples demonstrated excellent mid-term survivorship and outcomes in young patient cohorts. Future analyses on wear and costs are warranted to elicit differences between the groups at long-term follow-up. PMID:26812409

Aqueous solubility of Cr(VI) compounds in ferrochrome bag filter dust and the implications thereof

DOE PAGES

Du Preez, S. P.; Beukes, J. P.; Van Dalen, W. P. J.; ...

2017-04-21

The production of ferrochrome (FeCr) is a reducing process. However, it is impossible to completely exclude oxygen from all of the high-temperature production process steps, which may lead to unintentional formation of small amounts of Cr(VI). The majority of Cr(VI) is associated with particles found in the off-gas of the high-temperature processes, which are cleaned by means of venturi scrubbers or bag filter dust (BFD) systems. BFD contains the highest concentration of Cr(VI) of all FeCr wastes. In this study, the solubility of Cr(VI) present in BFD was determined by evaluating four different BFD samples. The results indicate that themore » currently applied Cr(VI) treatment strategies of the FeCr producer (with process water pH ≤ 9) only effectively extract and treat the water-soluble Cr(VI) compounds, which merely represented approximately 31% of the total Cr(VI) present in the BFD samples evaluated. Extended extraction time, within the afore-mentioned pH range, proved futile in extracting sparingly-soluble and water-insoluble Cr(VI) species, which represented approximately 34% and 35% of the total Cr(VI), respectively. Due to the deficiencies of the current treatment strategies, it is highly likely that sparingly water-soluble Cr(VI) compounds will leach from waste storage facilities (e.g. slimes dams) over time. Therefore, it is critical that improved Cr(VI) treatment strategies be formulated, which should be an important future perspective for FeCr producers and researchers alike.« less

An overview of the GOLD experiment between the ETS-6 satellite and the table mountain facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, K. E.

1996-01-01

The Ground/Orbiter Lasercomm Demonstration (GOLD) is a demonstration of optical communications between the Japanese Engineering Test Satellite (ETS-VI) and an optical ground transmitting and receiving station at the Table Mountain Facility in Wrightwood, California. Laser transmissions to the satellite are performed for approximately 4 hours every third night when the satellite is at apogee above Table Mountain. The experiment requires the coordination of resources at the Communications Research Laboratory (CRL), JPL, the National Aeronautics and Space Development Agency (NASDA) Tsukuba tracking station, and NASA's Deep Space Network at Goldstone, California, to generate and transmit real-time commands and receive telemetry from the ETS-VI. Transmissions to the ETS-VI began in November 1995 and are scheduled to last into the middle of January 1996, when the satellite is expected to be eclipsed by the Earth's shadow for a major part of its orbit. The eclipse is expected to last for about 2 months, and during this period there will be limited electrical power available on board the satellite. NASDA plans to restrict experiments with the ETS-VI during this period, and no laser transmissions are planned. Posteclipse experiments are currently being negotiated. GOLD is a joint NASA-CRL experiment that is being conducted by JPL in coordination with CRL and NASDA.

An Overview of the GOLD Experiment Between the ETS-6 Satellite and the Table Mountain Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, K. E.

1996-01-01

The Ground/Orbiter Lasercomm Demonstration is a demonstration of optical communications between the Japanese Engineering Test Satellite (ETS-VI) and an optical ground transmitting and receiving station at the Table Mountain Facility in Wrightwood, California. Laser transmissions to the satellite are performed for approximately 4 hours every third night when the satellite is at apogee above Table Mountain. The experiment requires the coordination of resources at the Communications Research Laboratory (CRL), JPL, the National Aeronautics and Space Development Agency (NASDA) Tsukuba tracking station, and NASA's Deep Space Network at Goldstone, California, to generate and transmit real-time commands and receive telemetry from the ETS-VI. Transmissions to the ETS-VI began in November 1995 and are scheduled to last into the middle of January 1996, when the satellite is expected to be eclipsed by the Earth's shadow for a major part of its orbit. The eclipse is expected to last for about 2 months, and during this period there will be limited electrical power available on board the satellite. NASDA plans to restrict experiments with the ETS-VI during this period, and no laser transmissions are planned. Posteclipse experiments are currently being negotiated. GOLD is a joint NASA-CRL experiment that is being conducted by JPL in coordination with CRL and NASDA.

49 CFR 1549.3 - TSA inspection authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... transportation facilities; (vi) Review security plans; and (vii) Carry out such other duties, and exercise such... access media or identification media issued or approved by a certified cargo screening facility or other person, except that the TSA and DHS officials will have identification media issued by TSA or DHS. ...

47 CFR 2.948 - Description of measurement facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... description of the measurement facilities employed. (1) If the measured equipment is subject to the... number; (v) FCC Registration Number (FRN); (vi) A statement as to whether or not the laboratory performs... supporting structures, and all structures within 5 times the distance between the measuring antenna and the...

7 CFR 305.6 - Cold treatment requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) The cold treatment facility must remain locked during non-working hours. (v) Black light or sticky... hours. (vi) Black light or sticky paper must be used within the cold treatment facility, and other... remain locked during non-working hours. (viii) Black lights or sticky paper must be used within the cold...

Identifying the need for a multidisciplinary approach for early recognition of mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI).

PubMed

Choy, Yew Sing; Bhattacharya, Kaustuv; Balasubramaniam, Shanti; Fietz, Michael; Fu, Antony; Inwood, Anita; Jin, Dong-Kyu; Kim, Ok-Hwa; Kosuga, Motomichi; Kwun, Young Hee; Lin, Hsiang-Yu; Lin, Shuan-Pei; Mendelsohn, Nancy J; Okuyama, Torayuki; Samion, Hasri; Tan, Adeline; Tanaka, Akemi; Thamkunanon, Verasak; Thong, Meow-Keong; Toh, Teck-Hock; Yang, Albert D; McGill, Jim

2015-05-01

Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI, Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome) is caused by deficient activity of the enzyme, N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase, resulting in impaired degradation of the glycosaminoglycan dermatan sulfate. Patients experience a range of manifestations including joint contractures, short stature, dysostosis multiplex, coarse facial features, decreased pulmonary function, cardiac abnormalities, corneal clouding and shortened life span. Recently, clinicians from institutions in the Asia-Pacific region met to discuss the occurrence and implications of delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of MPS VI in the patients they have managed. Eighteen patients (44% female) were diagnosed. The most common sign presented by the patients was bone deformities in 11 patients (65%). Delays to diagnosis occurred due to the lack of or distance to diagnostic facilities for four patients (31%), alternative diagnoses for two patients (15%), and misleading symptoms experienced by two patients (15%). Several patients experienced manifestations that were subtler than would be expected and were subsequently overlooked. Several cases highlighted the unique challenges associated with diagnosing MPS VI from the perspective of different specialties and provide insights into how these patients initially present, which may help to elucidate strategies to improve the diagnosis of MPS VI. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Assessment of metal sensitizer potency with the reconstructed human epidermis IL-18 assay.

PubMed

Gibbs, Susan; Kosten, Ilona; Veldhuizen, Rosalien; Spiekstra, Sander; Corsini, Emanuela; Roggen, Erwin; Rustemeyer, Thomas; Feilzer, Albert J; Kleverlaan, Cees J

2018-01-15

According to the new EU Medical Devices (MDR) legislation coming into effect in 2017, manufactures will have to comply with higher standards of quality and safety for medical devices in order to meet common safety concerns regarding such products. Metal alloys are extensively used in dentistry and medicine (e.g. orthopedic surgery and cardiology) even though clinical experience suggests that many metals are sensitizers. The aim of this study was to further test the applicability domain of the in vitro reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) IL-18 assay developed to identify contact allergens and in doing so: i) determine whether different metal salts, representing leachables from metal alloys used in medical devices, could be correctly labelled and classified; and ii) assess the ability of different salts for the same metal to penetrate the skin stratum corneum. Twenty eight chemicals including 15 metal salts were topically exposed to RhE. Nickel, chrome, gold, palladium were each tested in two different salt forms, and titanium in 4 different salt forms. Metal salts were labelled (YES/NO) as sensitizer if a threshold of more than 5 fold IL18 release was reached. The in vitro estimation of expected sensitization induction level (potency) was assessed by interpolating in vitro EC50 and IL-18 SI2 with LLNA EC3 and human NOEL values from standard reference curves generated using DNCB (extreme) and benzocaine (weak). Metal salts, in contrast to other chemical sensitizers and with the exception of potassium dichromate (VI) and cobalt (II) chloride, were not identified as contact allergens since they only induced a small or no increase in IL-18 production. This finding was not related to a lack of stratum corneum skin penetration since EC50 values (decrease in metabolic activity; MTT assay) were obtained after topical RhE exposure to 8 of the 15 metal salts. For nickel, gold and palladium salts, differences in EC50 values between two salts for the same metal could not be attributed to differences in molarity or valency. For chrome salts the difference in EC50 values may be explained by different valencies (VI vs. III), but not by molarity. In general, metal salts were classified as weaker sensitizers than was indicated from in vivo LLNA EC3 and NOEL data. Our in vitro results show that metals are problematic chemicals to test, in line with the limited number of standardized human and animal studies, which are not currently considered adequate to predict systemic hypersensitivity or autoimmunity, and despite clinical experience, which clearly shows that many metals are indeed a risk to human health. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Final Scientific/Technical Report--In-Situ Generation of Iron-Chromium Precipitates for Long Term Immobilization of Chromium at the Hanford Site

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Butler, Elizabeth C.; Krumholz, Lee R.; Madden, Andrew S.

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a toxic ground water contaminant widespread at the Hanford site and many other industrial facilities. A common remediation method for Cr(VI) is in situ reduction/immobilization, in which soluble Cr(VI) is reduced to the less soluble trivalent Cr (Cr(III)). If iron (Fe) minerals are present during the process, Cr(III) precipitates as a mixed Fe(III)-Cr(III) (Fe-Cr) solid. The objective of this exploratory research was to obtain preliminary evidence about the relationships among the method of Cr(VI) reduction (i.e., abiotic or microbial), the properties of the resulting Fe-Cr precipitates, and their tendencies to release soluble Cr(VI) in the presencemore » of the common manganese oxide birnessite. The results of this exploratory research project show that the conditions of Cr(VI) reduction—specifically the ratio of Cr to Fe, and/or whether the Cr(VI) reductant is a mineral or a microorganism—can significantly affect the tendency of the resulting Fe-Cr precipitate to release Cr(VI) to the environment in the presence of birnessite. These results suggest the chosen remediation conditions have the potential to strongly influence not only the initial success of in situ Cr(VI) reduction/immobilization, but also the potential for successful long term sequestration of Cr in the form of stable soil precipitates.« less

Enhanced Cr(VI) removal by polyethylenimine- and phosphorus-codoped hierarchical porous carbons.

PubMed

Chen, Shixia; Wang, Jun; Wu, Zeliang; Deng, Qiang; Tu, Wenfeng; Dai, Guiping; Zeng, Zheling; Deng, Shuguang

2018-08-01

The amino- and phosphorus-codoped (N,P-codoped) porous carbons derived from oil-tea shells were facilely fabricated through a combination of phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) activation and amino (polyethylenimine, PEI) modification method. The as-synthesized carbon adsorbents were systematically characterized and evaluated for Cr(VI) removal in aqueous solutions. The relationship between adsorbent properties and adsorption behaviors was illustrated. Moreover, the influences of contact time, initial Cr(VI) concentration, pH, coexisting anions and temperature were also investigated. The adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) could be perfectly described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Sips adsorption model. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) on the carbon adsorbents synthesized in this work was 355.0 mg/g, and this excellent Cr(VI) capacity could be sustained with other coexisting anions. In addition to high surface area and suitable pore size distribution, the high Cr(VI) removal capacity is induced by rich heteroatoms incorporation and the Cr(VI) removal mechanism was clearly illustrated. Furthermore, the continuous column breakthrough experiment on obtained N,P-codoped carbon was conducted and well fitted by the Thomas model. This work revealed that PEI modification and P-containing groups could significantly enhance Cr(VI) adsorption capacity and make these N,P-codoped biomass-derived carbons potent adsorbents in practical water treatment applications. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects of alpha-tocopherol addition to polymeric coatings on the UV and heat resistance of a fibrous collagen material--chrome-free leather

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

UV and heat resistance are very important qualities of leather because most leather products are constantly exposed to outdoor environments. In recent years, we have focused on using environmentally friendly antioxidants that will improve the UV and heat resistance of chrome-free leather. Tocopher...

Low Temperature Powder Coating

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-09

of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) • Legacy primers contain hexavalent chrome • Conventional powder coatings...coatings both in laboratory and field service evaluations • LTCPC allows environmental cost reductions through VOC/HAP elimination and hexavalent ... chrome reduction. • The LTCPC process greatly shortens the coating operation (LTCPC cures much more rapidly then conventional wet coatings) resulting in

50 CFR 86.20 - What activities are eligible for funding?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... these tie-up facilities on navigable waters, available to the public. You must design new construction and renovations to last at least 20 years; (2) Design these tie-up facilities for temporary use for...) Carrying out site surveys and engaging in site planning; (v) Preparing cost estimates; and (vi) Preparing...

40 CFR 425.30 - Applicability; description of the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applicability; description of the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory. 425.30 Section 425.30 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Save...

A useful single-solution polychrome stain for plant material...Brook Cyte-Chrome I.

Treesearch

Stanley L Krugman; Julia F. Littlefield

1968-01-01

Fresh and chemically fixed sectioned plant material can be quickly stained by applying a Brook Cyte Chrome I polychrome stain. Staining time averaged only about 10 minutes. And exact timing of staining and de-staining is not as critical as with most of the commonly used stains. The overall quality is comparable to that of the traditional stains.

Development of advanced thermoelectric materials, phase A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

Work performed on the chemical system characterized by chrome sulfide, chrome selenide, lanthanum selenide, and lanthanum sulfide is described. Most materials within the chemical systems possess the requisites for attractive thermoelectric materials. The preparation of the alloys is discussed. Graphs show the Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity of various materials within the chemical systems. The results of selected doping are included.

Changes Found on Run-In and Scuffed Surfaces of Steel Chrome Plate, and Cast Iron

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Good, J. N.; Godfrey, Douglas

1947-01-01

A study was made of run-in and scuffed steel, chrome-plate, and cast-iron surfaces. X-ray and electron diffraction techniques, micro-hardness determinations, and microscopy were used. Surface changes varied and were found to include three classes: chemical reaction, hardening, and crystallite-size alteration. The principal chemical reactions were oxidation and carburization.

Fleet Readiness Center - Southeast Technology Development Program (Cadmium & Hexavalent Chromium Reduction)

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-11-01

Industrial Waste Water Treatment  Aircraft & Component Paint Removal (ABM & Chemical)  Chrome Electroplating  Corrosion Treatment  Aircraft...Hex Chrome post treatment )  Energy Use; Electrical (& Steam)  NDI- Florescent Penetrant  Solvent Tank Cleaning  Water (& Sanitary) Use...Engineer Corrosion Science & Engineering NAVAIR Jacksonville Phone: (904) 790-6405 Email: john.benfer@navy.mil ASETS Technical Workshop (NOV

Evaluation of Advanced Solid Lubricant Coatings for Foil Air Bearings Operating at 25 and 500 C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

DellaCorte, Christopher; Fellenstein, James A.; Benoy, Patricia A.

1998-01-01

The tribological properties of one chrome oxide and one chrome carbide based solid lubricant coating were evaluated in a partial-arc foil bearing at 25 and 500 C. Start/stop bearing operation up to 20,000 cycles were run under 10 kPa (1.5 psi) static deadweight load. Bearing friction (torque) was measured during the test. Specimen wear and SEM/EDS surface analyses were conducted after testing to understand and elucidate the tribological characteristics observed. The chrome oxide coating which contains both (Ag) and (BaF2/CaF2) for low and high temperature lubrication, exhibited low friction in sliding against Al2O3 coated foils at 25 and 500 C. The chrome carbide coating, which lacked a low temperature lubricant but contained BaF2/CaF2 as a high temperature lubricant, exhibited high friction at 25 C and low friction at 500 C against both bare and Al2O3 coated superalloy foil surfaces. Post test surface analyses suggest that improved tribological performance is exhibited when a lubricant film from the coating transfers to the foil surface.

Green chemistry approaches to leather tanning process for making chrome-free leather by unnatural amino acids.

PubMed

Krishnamoorthy, G; Sadulla, S; Sehgal, P K; Mandal, Asit Baran

2012-05-15

In the present study, green and sustainable method or eco-friendly approaches to tanning process based on unnatural D-amino acids (D-AA)-aldehyde (Ald) as a substitute for chrome-free tanning has been attempted. The distribution of optically active D-AA in tanned leather, the hydrothermal stability, the mechanical properties and resistance to collagenolytic activity of tanned leather, the evaluation of eco-friendly characteristics were investigated. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and Atomic force microscopic (AFM) analyses indicate the surface morphology and roughness, respectively, of the tanned leather collagen matrix. Shrinkage and Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analyses shows that the shrinkage temperature (T(s)) and denaturation temperature (T(d)) of tanned leather are related to the content of D-AA+Ald present in the leather matrix. It has been found that the T(s) of D-AA tanned leather is more than that of Ald tanned leather and also more or less equal to chrome tanned leather. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) shows that the developed process results in significant reduction in total solids content (TSC) and improves better biodegradability of organic compound present in the effluent compared to chrome tanning. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The INTELSAT VI SSTDMA network diagnostic system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tamboli, Satish P.; Zhu, Xiaobo; Wilkins, Kim N.; Gupta, Ramesh K.

The system-level design of an expert-system-based, near-real-time diagnostic system for INTELSAT VI satellite-switched time-division multiple access (SSTDMA) network is described. The challenges of INTELSAT VI diagnostics are discussed, along with alternative approaches for network diagnostics and the rationale for choosing a method based on burst unique-word detection. The focal point of the diagnostic system is the diagnostic processor, which resides in the central control and monitoring facility known as the INTELSAT Operations Center TDMA Facility (IOCTF). As real-time information such as burst unique-word detection data, reference terminal status data, and satellite telemetry alarm data are received at the IOCTF, the diagnostic processor continuously monitors the data streams. When a burst status change is detected, a 'snapshot' of the real-time data is forwarded to the expert system. Receipt of the change causes a set of rules to be invoked which associate the traffic pattern with a set of probable causes. A user-friendly interface allows a graphical view of the burst time plan and provides the ability to browse through the knowledge bases.

Low temperature selective absorber research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herzenberg, S. A.; Silberglitt, R.

1982-04-01

Research carried out since 1979 on selective absorbers is surveyed, with particular attention given to the low-temperature coatings seen as promising for flat plate and evacuated tube applications. The most thoroughly investigated absorber is black chrome, which is highly selective and is the most durable low-temperature absorber. It is believed that other materials, because of their low cost and lower content of strategic materials, may eventually supplant black chrome. Among these candidates are chemically converted black nickel; anodically oxidized nickel, zinc, and copper composites; and nickel or other low-cost multilayer coatings. In reviewing medium and high-temperature research, black chrome, multilayer coatings and black cobalt are seen as best medium-temperature candidates. For high temperatures, an Al2O3/Pt-Al203 multilayer composite or the zirconium diboride coating is preferred.

Mineralogy and geochemistry of two metamorphosed sedimentary manganese deposits, Sierra Nevada, California, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Flohr, M.J.K.; Huebner, J.S.

1992-01-01

Laminated to massive rhodochrosite, hausmannite, and Mn-silicates from the Smith prospect and Manga-Chrome mine, Sierra Nevada, California were deposited as ocean floor sediments associated with chert and shale. The principal lithologies at Smith are chert, argillite, rhodochrosite-, hausmannite- and chlorite-rich layers, and relatively uncommon layers of jacobsite. The Manga-Chrome mine also contains layers rich in manganoan calcite and caryopilite. Tephroite, rhodonite, spessartine, and accessory alleghanyite and sonolite formed during metamorphism. Volcaniclastic components are present at Manga-Chrome as metavolcanic clasts and as Mn-poor, red, garnet- and hematite-rich layers. There is no evidence, such as relict lithologies, that Mn was introduced into Mn-poor lithologies such as chert, limestone or mudstone. Replacement of Mn-poor phases by Mn-rich phases is observed only in the groundmass of volcanic clasts that appear to have fallen into soft Mn-rich mud. Manganiferous samples from the Smith prospect and Manga-Chrome mine have high Mn Fe and low concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, U, Th and the rare-earth elements that are similar to concentrations reported from other ancient Mn deposits found in chert-greenstone complexes and from manganiferous sediments and crusts that are forming near modern sea floor vents. The Sierra Nevada deposits formed as precipitates of Mn-rich sediments on the sea floor, probably from mixtures of circulating hydrothermal fluids and seawater. The composition of a metabasalt from the Smith prospect is consistent with those of island-arc tholeiites. Metavolcanic clasts from the Manga-Chrome mine are compositionally distinct from the Smith metabasalt and have alkaline to calc-alkaline affinities. A back-arc basin is considered to be the most likely paleoenvironment for the formation of the Mn-rich lenses at the Manga-Chrome mine and, by association, the Smith prospect. Layers of rhodochrosite, hausmannite and chert preserve the composition and some textures of the sedimentary protoliths at both Sierra Nevada deposits. Jacobsite-rich layers probably represent a Fe-rich protolith. Caryopilite and manganoan calcite represent additional protoliths at the Manga-Chrome mine. The metamorphic assemblage prehnite-chlorite-epidote-calcite in a metabasalt from the Smith prospect constrains regional metamorphic conditions to a maximum temperature of 325??C and a pressure of 2 kbar. Slightly higher temperatures are indicated by the presence of actinolite in another metabasalt. Compositions of Mn-rich minerals in Smith samples are consistent with these metamorphic conditions. ?? 1992.

C-N bond cleavage of anilines by a (salen)ruthenium(VI) nitrido complex.

PubMed

Man, Wai-Lun; Xie, Jianhui; Pan, Yi; Lam, William W Y; Kwong, Hoi-Ki; Ip, Kwok-Wa; Yiu, Shek-Man; Lau, Kai-Chung; Lau, Tai-Chu

2013-04-17

We report experimental and computational studies of the facile oxidative C-N bond cleavage of anilines by a (salen)ruthenium(VI) nitrido complex. We provide evidence that the initial step involves nucleophilic attack of aniline at the nitrido ligand of the ruthenium complex, which is followed by proton and electron transfer to afford a (salen)ruthenium(II) diazonium intermediate. This intermediate then undergoes unimolecular decomposition to generate benzene and N2.

Fundamental studies of black chrome for solar collector use

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcdonald, G.; Buzek, B.; Curtis, H.

1976-01-01

The thicknesses of black chrome plated for various times have been measured from electron photomicrographs and correlated with the solar spectrum absorptance and infrared emittance as calculated from spectral reflectance measurements. The maximum absorptance is reached at an average thickness of 0.5 micrometer. The emittance increases only slightly up to 1.0 micrometer but increases rapidly at thickness above 1.0 micrometer.

Vapor pressure and evaporation rate of certain heat-resistant compounds in a vacuum at high temperatures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bolgar, A. S.; Verkhoglyadova, T. S.; Samsonov, G. V.

1985-01-01

The vapor pressure and evaporation rate of borides of titanium, zirconium, and chrome; and of strontium and carbides of titanium, zirconium, and chrome, molybdenum silicide; and nitrides of titanium, niobium, and tantalum in a vacuum were studied. It is concluded that all subject compounds evaporate by molecular structures except AlB sub 12' which dissociates, losing the aluminum.

Consolidation of Surface Coatings by Friction Stir Techniques

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

alloy samples were plasma sprayed with a Titanium-Nickel-Chrome coating or a Titanium coating. Single and multiple pass experiments were performed...based coatings onto the Aluminum alloy surface. Results showed that the most successful results were accomplished using a flat, pinless tool, with...properties. Aluminum alloy samples were plasma sprayed with a Titanium-Nickel-Chrome coating or a Titanium coating. Single and multiple pass experiments

USMC Environmental and Corrosion Control Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

b. ABSTRACT unclassified c. THIS PAGE unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 Minimizing Hexavalent Chromium ...cadmium – Use of hexavalent chromium – Potential incompatibilities with alternatives – Use of non-corrosion resistant hardware in harsh...on non-chrome and trivalent -chrome alternatives • Favor non-cadmium hardware • Concern with logistics and supply chain of many alternatives Pre

Clean Metal Finishing Alternatives

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-05-01

Cr, must heat treat for hardness 4 4 Trivalent chrome Trivalent plating chemistry Varying success, some must be brush plate 3 3 Alloy plating...metals. Hard coating deposition unproven. 3 N/A Weld coating Electrospark Deposition/ Alloying (ESD/ ESA) Microarc welding Localized repair of non...Alternatives to chromate conversion coatings Al TriChrome Pretreatment (TCP)* – AnoChem TCP, Aluminescent, TCP-HF Trivalent Cr3+ conversion with Zr

New PVD Technologies for New Ordnance Coatings

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-01

characteristics using a Tantalum and a Chrome target; 4) Deposition of Ta coatings and reactive deposition of CrN; 5) Deposition parameters affecting film...Vapor Deposition (PVD); High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HIPIMS); Modulated Pulsed Power (MPP); Tantalum; Chrome ; Ta coatings; CrN; coating...The pre-production chemicals and acids are hazardous and hexavalent Cr is a known carcinogen. Significant annual expenditures are necessary to

PEEK-OPTIMA™ as an alternative to cobalt chrome in the femoral component of total knee replacement: A preliminary study

PubMed Central

Cowie, Raelene M; Briscoe, Adam; Fisher, John; Jennings, Louise M

2016-01-01

PEEK-OPTIMA™ (Invibio Ltd, UK) has been considered as an alternative joint arthroplasty bearing material due to its favourable mechanical properties and the biocompatibility of its wear debris. In this study, the potential to use injection moulded PEEK-OPTIMA™ as an alternative to cobalt chrome in the femoral component of a total knee replacement was investigated in terms of its wear performance. Experimental wear simulation of three cobalt chrome and three PEEK-OPTIMA™ femoral components articulating against all-polyethylene tibial components was carried out under two kinematic conditions: 3 million cycles under intermediate kinematics (maximum anterior-posterior displacement of 5 mm) followed by 3 million cycles under high kinematic conditions (anterior-posterior displacement 10 mm). The wear of the GUR1020 ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene tibial components was assessed by gravimetric analysis; for both material combinations under each kinematic condition, the mean wear rates were low, that is, below 5 mm3/million cycles. Specifically, under intermediate kinematic conditions, the wear rate of the ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene tibial components was 0.96 ± 2.26 mm3/million cycles and 2.44 ± 0.78 mm3/million cycle against cobalt chrome and PEEK-OPTIMA™ implants, respectively (p = 0.06); under high kinematic conditions, the wear rates were 2.23 ± 1.85 mm3/million cycles and 4.44 ± 2.35 mm3/million cycles, respectively (p = 0.03). Following wear simulation, scratches were apparent on the surface of the PEEK-OPTIMA™ femoral components. The surface topography of the femoral components was assessed using contacting profilometry and showed a statistically significant increase in measured surface roughness of the PEEK-OPTIMA™ femoral components compared to the cobalt chrome implants. However, this did not appear to influence the wear rate, which remained linear over the duration of the study. These preliminary findings showed that PEEK-OPTIMA™ gives promise as an alternative bearing material to cobalt chrome alloy in the femoral component of a total knee replacement with respect to wear performance. PMID:27637723

Evaluation of attenuated PSM photomask blanks with TF11 chrome and FEP-171 resist on a 248 nm DUV laser pattern generator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xing, Kezhao; Björnborg, Charles; Karlsson, Henrik; Paulsson, Adisa; Rosendahl, Anna; Beiming, Peter; Vedenpää, Jukka; Walford, Jonathan; Newman, Tom

2007-10-01

Tighter requirements on mask resolution, CD and image positioning accuracy at and beyond the 45 nm technology node push the development of improved photomask blanks. One such blank for attenuated phase-shift masks (att-PSM) provides a thinner chrome film, named TF11, with higher chrome etch rate compared to the previous generation Att- PSM blank (NTAR5 chrome film) from the same supplier. Reduced stress in the chrome film also results in less image placement error induced by the material. FEP-171 is the positive chemically amplified resist (PCAR) that is most commonly used in advanced mask manufacturing with both 50 keV variable shaped e-beam (VSB) and DUV laser pattern generators. TF11 allows an FEP-171 resist film down to about 2000 Å thickness with sufficient etch resistance, while the standard resist thickness for NTAR5 is around 3000 Å. This work has experimentally evaluated the use of TF11 chrome and FEP-171 resist together with a 248 nm DUV laser pattern generator, the Sigma7500. First, patterning performance in resist with thicknesses from 2000 Å to 2600 Å, in steps of 100 Å, was tested with respect to swing curve and basic lithographic parameters including resolution, CD linearity, CD iso-dense bias and dose sensitivity. Patterning results on mask showed a swing minimum at around 2200 Å and a swing maximum at around 2500 Å, which correspond to reflectivity measurements for 248 nm wavelength performed by the blank supplier. It was concluded that the overall patterning performance was best close to the swing maximum. Thereafter the patterning performance using TF11 at two resist thicknesses, 2000 Å and 2550 Å, was studied in more detail and compared to performance using NTAR5 with 3200 Å resist. The evaluation showed that the Sigma7500-II offers good compatibility with TF11, especially using the optimized FEP-171 resist thickness of 2550 Å. It also showed that the patterning capability of the Sigma7500-II using TF11 and 2550 Å resist is improved compared to using NTAR5 and 3200 Å resist.

Welfare and Taxes: Extending Benefits and Taxes to Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-09-01

including pre- scribed drugs, intermediate care facility services, eyeglasses, dental ser- vi-s, and inpatient psychiatric care for individuals under...does not seek federal Medicaid reim- bursement for required skilled nursing or optional intermediate care facility services. Also, we do not know... care facility services-high-cost Medicaid benefits. 5’. We do not believe assuming such persons would be in institutions in the area is reasonable

Review of Army Officer Educational System. Volume 1. Summary Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1971-12-01

13-5 V. StaffingGuide. . . . . . . . .. 13-6 VI. Academic Facilities .................. 13-9 VII. Educational Innovations . . . . . .... . 13-10 14...report does not lean heavily on statistical support. It gives references, research, and statistical data only when essential to validity, accuracy, or...Leadership, History, Interbranch and Interservice Education , Facilities , Regulations, Staffing Guide, Educational Innovations Chapter 14 - Concluding

46 CFR 160.176-5 - Approval procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... service manual and written guidelines required by §§ 160.176-19(c) and 160.176-19(d) of the part and the user's manual required by § 160.176-21 of this part. (vi) A list of proposed servicing facilities. (4... manufacturer fails to maintain approved servicing facilities that meet § 160.176-19 of this part. (b) Manuals...

Energy Efficient Florida Educational Facilities: Phase VI. Progress Report: Phase I and II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Callahan, Michael P.; Parker, Danny S.

A Florida study examined differences in energy uses in two adjacent portable classrooms to determine if these types of facilities can be made more energy efficient through retrofitting. Retrofitting included an efficient lighting system, new air conditioners, and reflective white metal roofs. Data show the white metal roofing reduced roof,…

36 CFR 907.12 - Preparation of an environmental assessment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Energy requirements and conservation; (vi) Solid waste; (vii) Transportation; (viii) Community facilities and services; (ix) Social and economic; (x) Historic and aesthetic; and (xi) Other relevant factors...

Chromium removal from ground water by Ion exchange resins

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Skiadas, P.

1994-05-06

The ground water at several monitoring wells at LLNL has been found to exceed the Surface Water Discharge Limits for Cr(VI). Ion exchange resins have been selected for its removal. A research study is underway to determine which commercial resin is preferred for LLNL`s ground water. The choice of an appropriate resin will be based on Cr(VI) exchange capacity, regeneration efficiency, and pH stabilization. A sequestering agent must also be selected to be used for the elimination of scaling at the treatment facilities. The chemistry of ion exchange resins, and instrumentation and procedures are explained and described in the followingmore » paper. Comparison of the different resins tested lead us to the selection of the most effective one to be used in the treatment facilities.« less

Chemometrics models for assessment of oxidative stress risk in chrome-electroplating workers.

PubMed

Zendehdel, Rezvan; Shetab-Boushehri, Seyed Vahid; Azari, Mansoor R; Hosseini, Vajihe; Mohammadi, Hamidreza

2015-04-01

Oxidative stress is the main cause of hexavalant chromium-induced damage in chrome electroplating workers. The main goal of this study is toxicity analysis and the possibility of toxicity risk categorizing in the chrome electroplating workers based on oxidative stress parameters as prognostic variables. We assessed blood chromium levels and biomarkers of oxidative stress such as lipid peroxidation, thiol (SH) groups and antioxidant capacity of plasma. Data were subjected to principle component analysis (PCA) and artificial neuronal network (ANN) to obtain oxidative stress pattern for chrome electroplating workers. Blood chromium levels increased from 4.42 ppb to 10.6 ppb. Induction of oxidative stress was observed by increased in lipid peroxidation (22.38 ± 10.47 μM versus 14.74 ± 4.82 μM, p < 0.0008), decreased plasma antioxidant capacity (3.17 ± 1.35 μM versus 7.74 ± 4.45 μM, p < 0.0001) and plasma total thiol (SH groups) (0.21 ± 0.07 μM versus 0.45 ± 0.41 μM, p < 0.0042) in comparison to controls. Based on the oxidative parameters, two groups were identified by PCA methods. One category is workers with the risk of oxidative stress and second group is subjects with probable risk of oxidative stress induction. ANN methods can predict oxidative-risk category for assessment of toxicity induction in chrome electroplaters. The result showed multivariate modeling can be interpreted as the induced biochemical toxicity in the workers exposed to hexavalent chromium. Different occupation groups were assessed on the basis of risk level of oxidative stress which could further justify proceeding engineering control measures.

Low temperature reduction of hexavalent chromium by a microbial enrichment consortium and a novel strain of Arthrobacter aurescens.

PubMed

Horton, Rene' N; Apel, William A; Thompson, Vicki S; Sheridan, Peter P

2006-01-25

Chromium is a transition metal most commonly found in the environment in its trivalent [Cr(III)] and hexavalent [Cr(VI)] forms. The EPA maximum total chromium contaminant level for drinking water is 0.1 mg/l (0.1 ppm). Many water sources, especially underground sources, are at low temperatures (less than or equal to 15 Centigrade) year round. It is important to evaluate the possibility of microbial remediation of Cr(VI) contamination using microorganisms adapted to these low temperatures (psychrophiles). Core samples obtained from a Cr(VI) contaminated aquifer at the Hanford facility in Washington were enriched in Vogel Bonner medium at 10 Centigrade with 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 1000 mg/l Cr(VI). The extent of Cr(VI) reduction was evaluated using the diphenyl carbazide assay. Resistance to Cr(VI) up to and including 1000 mg/l Cr(VI) was observed in the consortium experiments. Reduction was slow or not observed at and above 100 mg/l Cr(VI) using the enrichment consortium. Average time to complete reduction of Cr(VI) in the 30 and 60 mg/l Cr(VI) cultures of the consortium was 8 and 17 days, respectively at 10 Centigrade. Lyophilized consortium cells did not demonstrate adsorption of Cr(VI) over a 24 hour period. Successful isolation of a Cr(VI) reducing organism (designated P4) from the consortium was confirmed by 16S rDNA amplification and sequencing. Average time to complete reduction of Cr(VI) at 10 Centigrade in the 25 and 50 mg/l Cr(VI) cultures of the isolate P4 was 3 and 5 days, respectively. The 16S rDNA sequence from isolate P4 identified this organism as a strain of Arthrobacter aurescens, a species that has not previously been shown to be capable of low temperature Cr(VI) reduction. A. aurescens, indigenous to the subsurface, has the potential to be a predominant metal reducer in enhanced, in situ subsurface bioremediation efforts involving Cr(VI) and possibly other heavy metals and radionuclides.

Low temperature reduction of hexavalent chromium by a microbial enrichment consortium and a novel strain of Arthrobacter aurescens

PubMed Central

Horton, Rene' N; Apel, William A; Thompson, Vicki S; Sheridan, Peter P

2006-01-01

Background Chromium is a transition metal most commonly found in the environment in its trivalent [Cr(III)] and hexavalent [Cr(VI)] forms. The EPA maximum total chromium contaminant level for drinking water is 0.1 mg/l (0.1 ppm). Many water sources, especially underground sources, are at low temperatures (less than or equal to 15 Centigrade) year round. It is important to evaluate the possibility of microbial remediation of Cr(VI) contamination using microorganisms adapted to these low temperatures (psychrophiles). Results Core samples obtained from a Cr(VI) contaminated aquifer at the Hanford facility in Washington were enriched in Vogel Bonner medium at 10 Centigrade with 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 1000 mg/l Cr(VI). The extent of Cr(VI) reduction was evaluated using the diphenyl carbazide assay. Resistance to Cr(VI) up to and including 1000 mg/l Cr(VI) was observed in the consortium experiments. Reduction was slow or not observed at and above 100 mg/l Cr(VI) using the enrichment consortium. Average time to complete reduction of Cr(VI) in the 30 and 60 mg/l Cr(VI) cultures of the consortium was 8 and 17 days, respectively at 10 Centigrade. Lyophilized consortium cells did not demonstrate adsorption of Cr(VI) over a 24 hour period. Successful isolation of a Cr(VI) reducing organism (designated P4) from the consortium was confirmed by 16S rDNA amplification and sequencing. Average time to complete reduction of Cr(VI) at 10 Centigrade in the 25 and 50 mg/l Cr(VI) cultures of the isolate P4 was 3 and 5 days, respectively. The 16S rDNA sequence from isolate P4 identified this organism as a strain of Arthrobacter aurescens, a species that has not previously been shown to be capable of low temperature Cr(VI) reduction. Conclusion A. aurescens, indigenous to the subsurface, has the potential to be a predominant metal reducer in enhanced, in situ subsurface bioremediation efforts involving Cr(VI) and possibly other heavy metals and radionuclides. PMID:16436214

High pressure furnace

DOEpatents

Morris, Donald E.

1993-01-01

A high temperature high pressure furnace has a hybrid partially externally heated construction. A metallic vessel fabricated from an alloy having a composition of at least 45% nickel, 15% chrome, and 10% tungsten is utilized (the preferred alloy including 55% nickel, 22% chrome, 14% tungsten, 2% molybdenum, 3% iron (maximum) and 5% cobalt (maximum). The disclosed alloy is fabricated into 11/4 or 2 inch, 32 mm or 50 mm bar stock and has a length of about 22 inches, 56 cm. This bar stock has an aperture formed therein to define a closed high temperature, high pressure oxygen chamber. The opposite and closed end of the vessel is provided with a small blind aperture into which a thermocouple can be inserted. The closed end of the vessel is inserted into an oven, preferably heated by standard nickel chrome electrical elements and having a heavily insulated exterior.

Separation of motor oils, oily wastes and hydrocarbons from contaminated water by sorption on chrome shavings.

PubMed

Gammoun, A; Tahiri, S; Albizane, A; Azzi, M; Moros, J; Garrigues, S; de la Guardia, M

2007-06-25

In this paper, the ability of chrome shavings to remove motor oils, oily wastes and hydrocarbons from water has been studied. To determine amount of hydrocarbons sorbed on tanned wastes, a FT-NIR methodology was used and a multivariate calibration based on partial least squares (PLS) was employed for data treatment. The light density, porous tanned waste granules float on the surface of water and remove hydrocarbons and oil films. Wastes fibers from tannery industry have high sorption capacity. These tanned solid wastes are capable of absorbing many times their weight in oil or hydrocarbons (6.5-7.6g of oil and 6.3g of hydrocarbons per gram of chrome shavings). The removal efficiency of the pollutants from water is complete. The sorption of pollutants is a quasi-instantaneous process.

Selenium(IV) and (VI) sorption by soils surrounding fly ash management facilities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hyun, S.; Burns, P.E.; Murarka, I.

2006-11-15

Leachate derived from unlined coal ash disposal facilities is one of the most significant anthropogenic sources of selenium to the environment. To establish a practical framework for predicting transport of selenium in ash leachate, sorption of Se(IV) and Se(VI) from 1 mM CaSO{sub 4} was measured for 18 soils obtained down-gradient from three ash landfill sites and evaluated with respect to several soil properties. Furthermore, soil attenuation from lab-generated ash leachate and the effect of Ca{sup 2+} and SO{sub 4}{sup 2-} concentrations as well as pH on both Se(IV) and Se(VI) was quantified for a subset of soils. For bothmore » Se(IV) and Se(VI), pH combined with either percentage clay or dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB)-extractable Fe described {gt} 80% of the differences in sorption across all soils, yielding an easy approach for making initial predictions regarding site-specific selenium transport to sensitive water bodies. Se(IV) consistently exhibited an order of magnitude greater sorption than Se(VI). Selenium sorption was highest at lower pH values, with Se(IV) sorption decreasing at pH values above 6, whereas Se(VI) decreased over the entire pH range (2.5-10). Using these pH adsorption envelopes, the likely effect of ash leachate-induced changes in soil pore water pH with time on selenium attenuation by down gradient soils can be predicted. Selenium sorption increased with increasing Ca{sup 2+} concentrations while SO{sub 4}2- suppressed sorption well above enhancements by Ca{sup 2+}. Soil attenuation of selenium from ash leachates agreed well with sorption measured from 1 mM CaSO{sub 4}, indicating that 1 mM CaSO{sub 4} is a reasonable synthetic leachate for assessing selenium behavior at ash landfill sites.« less

Service Test Plan for A-10 Hydraulic Actuators

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-29

utilizes electroplated chrome as a wear coating on the actuator assembly. This actuator will be delta-qualified while two other actuators will be qualified...2730534-1 Similarity to (1) 3 Elevator Actuator Hydraulic Flight Control System 2730551-5 Similarity to (1) The current chrome electroplating ...process has been proven to be a significant health hazard, and it is anticipated that future Government regulation will make the use of electroplated

Laboratory Validation and Demonstrations of Non-Hexavalent Chromium Conversion Coatings for Steel Substrates (Briefing Charts)

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-01

UNCLASSIFIED: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Laboratory Validation and Demonstrations of Non-Hexavalent Chromium Conversion...00-00-2011 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Laboratory Validation and Demonstrations of Non-Hexavalent Chromium Conversion Coatings for Steel Substrates 5a...Coatings for HHA • SurTec 650 - ChromitAL TCP - Trivalent Chrome Pretreatment Developed by NAVAIR for Aluminum. • Chemetall Oxsilan 9810/2 - Non-chrome

Project SQUID. Quarterly Progress Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1948-04-01

connection with temperature measurements we are investigating the infrared emission of the pulse jet. We have a lead sulphide cell which, when...formed on an 11% chrome-iron alloy when oxidized in oxygen at a pressure of one millimeter of mercury (sumnarized in the Annual Report, 1947) show...work has been obtained recently. 36 TABLE I Surface Structures Formed on a 27% Chrome-Iron Oxidized in Dry Oxygen at One Millimeter Mercury

Development of advanced thermoelectric materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

The development of an advanced thermoelectric material for radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) applications is reported. A number of materials were explored. The bulk of the effort, however, was devoted to improving silicon germanium alloys by the addition of gallium phosphide, the synthesis and evaluation of lanthanum chrome sulfide and the formulation of various mixtures of lanthanum sulfide and chrome sulfide. It is found that each of these materials exhibits promise as a thermoelectric material.

Co-electrodeposition of hard Ni-W/diamond nanocomposite coatings

PubMed Central

Zhang, Xinyu; Qin, Jiaqian; Das, Malay Kumar; Hao, Ruru; Zhong, Hua; Thueploy, Adisak; Limpanart, Sarintorn; Boonyongmaneerat, Yuttanant; Ma, Mingzhen; Liu, Riping

2016-01-01

Electroplated hard chrome coating is widely used as a wear resistant coating to prolong the life of mechanical components. However, the electroplating process generates hexavalent chromium ion which is known carcinogen. Hence, there is a major effort throughout the electroplating industry to replace hard chrome coating. Composite coating has been identified as suitable materials for replacement of hard chrome coating, while deposition coating prepared using traditional co-deposition techniques have relatively low particles content, but the content of particles incorporated into a coating may fundamentally affect its properties. In the present work, Ni-W/diamond composite coatings were prepared by sediment co-electrodeposition from Ni-W plating bath, containing suspended diamond particles. This study indicates that higher diamond contents could be successfully co-deposited and uniformly distributed in the Ni-W alloy matrix. The maximum hardness of Ni-W/diamond composite coatings is found to be 2249 ± 23 Hv due to the highest diamond content of 64 wt.%. The hardness could be further enhanced up to 2647 ± 25 Hv with heat treatment at 873 K for 1 h in Ar gas, which is comparable to hard chrome coatings. Moreover, the addition of diamond particles could significantly enhance the wear resistance of the coatings. PMID:26924136

[Evaluation of bond strength between low fusing porcelain with goldplated cobalt-chromium alloys].

PubMed

Guo, Jing; Zhu, Jia; Zhu, Hong-shui

2014-02-01

To evaluate the bond strength of Vita OMEGA 900 low fusing porcelain fused with the goldplated Wirobond cobalt-chrome metalt ceramic alloy. Low fusing porcelain was fused with the cobalt-chromium alloy strips(group A) and the goldplated cobalt-chromium alloy strips(group B) respectively according to ISO9693 (A:8,B:10). 8 specimens of each group were submitted to three point bending test. Two more test pieces fused with gold plated cobalt-chromium alloys were made (group B'). One test piece of both group B and group B' were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) randomly. The data was analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software package. The bond strength (MPa) of group A and group B was 29.92±4.28 and 28.20±5.21, respectively (P>0.05), both higher than 25 MPa required by ISO9693. SEM showed that Vita OMEGA 900 low fusing porcelain and the goldplated Wirobond cobalt-chrome metalt ceramic alloy combined together closely without cracks. Much gold was fused to the cobalt-chrome alloy surface of breaking porcelain specimen after testing. Vita OMEGA 900 low fusing porcelain can match with the goldplated Wirobond cobalt-chrome metalt ceramic alloy. Supported by Foundation of Education Department of Jiangxi Province (GJJ10367).

Co-electrodeposition of hard Ni-W/diamond nanocomposite coatings.

PubMed

Zhang, Xinyu; Qin, Jiaqian; Das, Malay Kumar; Hao, Ruru; Zhong, Hua; Thueploy, Adisak; Limpanart, Sarintorn; Boonyongmaneerat, Yuttanant; Ma, Mingzhen; Liu, Riping

2016-02-29

Electroplated hard chrome coating is widely used as a wear resistant coating to prolong the life of mechanical components. However, the electroplating process generates hexavalent chromium ion which is known carcinogen. Hence, there is a major effort throughout the electroplating industry to replace hard chrome coating. Composite coating has been identified as suitable materials for replacement of hard chrome coating, while deposition coating prepared using traditional co-deposition techniques have relatively low particles content, but the content of particles incorporated into a coating may fundamentally affect its properties. In the present work, Ni-W/diamond composite coatings were prepared by sediment co-electrodeposition from Ni-W plating bath, containing suspended diamond particles. This study indicates that higher diamond contents could be successfully co-deposited and uniformly distributed in the Ni-W alloy matrix. The maximum hardness of Ni-W/diamond composite coatings is found to be 2249 ± 23 Hv due to the highest diamond content of 64 wt.%. The hardness could be further enhanced up to 2647 ± 25 Hv with heat treatment at 873 K for 1 h in Ar gas, which is comparable to hard chrome coatings. Moreover, the addition of diamond particles could significantly enhance the wear resistance of the coatings.

Co-electrodeposition of hard Ni-W/diamond nanocomposite coatings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xinyu; Qin, Jiaqian; Das, Malay Kumar; Hao, Ruru; Zhong, Hua; Thueploy, Adisak; Limpanart, Sarintorn; Boonyongmaneerat, Yuttanant; Ma, Mingzhen; Liu, Riping

2016-02-01

Electroplated hard chrome coating is widely used as a wear resistant coating to prolong the life of mechanical components. However, the electroplating process generates hexavalent chromium ion which is known carcinogen. Hence, there is a major effort throughout the electroplating industry to replace hard chrome coating. Composite coating has been identified as suitable materials for replacement of hard chrome coating, while deposition coating prepared using traditional co-deposition techniques have relatively low particles content, but the content of particles incorporated into a coating may fundamentally affect its properties. In the present work, Ni-W/diamond composite coatings were prepared by sediment co-electrodeposition from Ni-W plating bath, containing suspended diamond particles. This study indicates that higher diamond contents could be successfully co-deposited and uniformly distributed in the Ni-W alloy matrix. The maximum hardness of Ni-W/diamond composite coatings is found to be 2249 ± 23 Hv due to the highest diamond content of 64 wt.%. The hardness could be further enhanced up to 2647 ± 25 Hv with heat treatment at 873 K for 1 h in Ar gas, which is comparable to hard chrome coatings. Moreover, the addition of diamond particles could significantly enhance the wear resistance of the coatings.

42 CFR 483.430 - Condition of participation: Facility staffing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... in psychology from an accredited school. (vi) To be designated as a social worker, an individual must...: sociology, special education, rehabilitation counseling, and psychology). (xi) If the client's individual...

42 CFR 483.430 - Condition of participation: Facility staffing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... in psychology from an accredited school. (vi) To be designated as a social worker, an individual must...: sociology, special education, rehabilitation counseling, and psychology). (xi) If the client's individual...

Sunlight activated anodic freestanding ZrO2 nanotube arrays for Cr(VI) photoreduction.

PubMed

Bashirom, Nurulhuda; Tan, Wai Kian; Go, Kawamura; Matsuda, Atsunori; Abdul Razak, Khairunisak; Lockman, Zainovia

2018-06-14

Visible-light-active freestanding zirconia (ZrO2) nanotube (FSZNT) arrays were fabricated by a facile electrochemical anodization method in fluoride containing ethylene glycol electrolyte added to it 1 vol.% of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) at 60 V for 1 h. Poor adhesion at metal|oxide interface was induced by K2CO3 leading to formation of the FSZNT flakes. The effect of crystal structures of FSZNTs e.g., amorphous, amorphous/tetragonal, and tetragonal/monoclinic was investigated towards the photocatalytic reduction of 10 ppm hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI) at pH 2 under sunlight. The results demonstrate the amorphous FSZNTs exhibited the highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency than the crystalline FSZNTs (95 % versus 33 % after 5 h). The high photocatalytic activity of the amorphous FSZNTs can be attributed to enhanced Cr(VI) adsorption, high visible light absorption, and better charge carriers separation. The low photocatalytic activity of the crystalline FSZNTs annealed at 500 °C was mainly attributed to poor Cr(VI) adsorption, low visible light absorption, and less photoactive monoclinic-ZrO2. © 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Stabilization of chromium: an alternative to make safe leathers.

PubMed

Gong, Ying; Liu, Xiaoling; Huang, Li; Chen, Wuyong

2010-07-15

In this study, the original causes for hexavalent chromium presence in the leather were first evaluated by ageing of chromium(III) solutions and chrome tanned hide powder (50 degrees C, UV lightening at 340 nm, 0-36 h). The results showed that the trivalent chromium at instable coordination state was easy to convert into hexavalent chromium in high pH environment, and the probability of the oxidation increased in this order: multi-coordinate chromium, mono-coordinate chromium, and free chromium. For this reason, the process for stabilizing chromium in the leather was designed with the specific material, which was mostly consisted of the reducers and the chelating agents. After treated with the developed process, these leathers were aged (50 degrees C, UV irradiance as 0.68 W/m(2) at 340 nm, 0-72 h) to estimate chromium(VI) presence. Hexavalent chromium was not found in these treated leathers even if the leathers were aged for 72 h. Moreover, the physical and mechanical properties for the leathers varied little after treating. In a word, an inherent safe and effective process was proved to avoid the formation of hexavalent chromium in the leather. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The effect of Ipomoea reptans poir ethanolic extract on the histopathological parameters of pancreas in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hayati, Farida; Widyarini, Sitarina; Lanova, Lulung; Wijayanti, Marsih

2017-03-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Ipomoea reptans Poir in male Wistar rats on the histopathological parameters of the pancreas. The rats (N=30) were divided into six groups, each consisting of five rats. The treatment groups were divided into: group I as the normal group fed ad libitum during the research, group II as the positive control administered glibenclamide 0.09 mg/200g BW, group III as the negative control given aquadest, and group IV to VI given ethanolic extract of Ipomoea reptans Poir as much as 200 mg/KgBW, 400 mg/KgBW and 600 mg/KgBW respectively. The study of antidiabetic effect was undertaken by oral administration for 21 days. On the 21st day, all the rats were dissected to prepare histopathological preparates through Gomori's chrome alum hematoxylin-phloxine staining method. The histopathological study showed that the ethanol extract of Ipomoea reptans Poir at a dose of 200 mg/KgBW and 400mg/KgBW had an antidiabetic activity through protection of pancreatic β-cell from damage in male Wistar rats induced by streptozotocin.

Speciation studies of nickel and chromium in wastewater from an electroplating plant.

PubMed

Kiptoo, Jackson K; Ngila, J Catherine; Sawula, Gerald M

2004-09-08

A speciation scheme involving the use of flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and differential pulse adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPAdCSV) techniques was applied to studies of nickel and chromium in wastewater from a nickel-chrome electroplating plant. Dimethylglyoxime (DMG) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) were employed as complexing agents for adsorptive voltammetric determination of Ni and Cr, respectively. Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were determined by exploiting differences in their reactivity towards DTPA at HMDE. Total dissolved metal content was in the range 2906-3141 and 30.7-31.2mgl(-1) for Ni and Cr, respectively. A higher percentage of the metal was present as labile species (mean value of 67.9% for Ni and 79.8% for Cr) suggesting that strongly binding ligands are not ubiquitous in the sample. About 77.8% of Cr was found to exist in the higher oxidization state, Cr(IV). Results on effect of dilution on lability of the metal forms in the sample using DPAdCSV showed slight peak shifts to a more negative (cathodic) value by -0.036V for Ni and -0.180V for Cr with a dilution factor of 100, while peak intensity (cathodic current) remained fairly constant.

Synthesis of surface Cr (VI)-imprinted magnetic nanoparticles for selective dispersive solid-phase extraction and determination of Cr (VI) in water samples.

PubMed

Qi, Xue; Gao, Shuang; Ding, Guosheng; Tang, An-Na

2017-01-01

A facile, rapid and selective magnetic dispersed solid-phase extraction (dSPE) method for the extraction and enrichment of Cr (VI) prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was introduced. For highly selective and efficient extraction, magnetic Cr (VI)-imprinted nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 @ Cr (VI) IIPs) were prepared by hyphenating surface ion-imprinted with sol-gel techniques. In the preparation process, chromate (Cr(VI)) was used as the template ion; vinylimidazole and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane were selected as organic functional monomer and co-monomer respectively. Another reagent, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was adopted as coupling agent to form the stable covalent bonding between organic and inorganic phases. The effects of various parameters on the extraction efficiency, such as pH of sample solution, the amount of adsorbent, extraction time, the type and concentration of eluent were systematically investigated. Furthermore, the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the adsorption process were studied to explore the internal adsorption mechanism. Under optimized conditions, the preconcentration factor, limit of detection and linear range of the established dSPE-AAS method for Cr (VI) were found to be 98, 0.29μgL -1 and 4-140μgL -1 , respectively. The developed method was also successfully applied to the analysis of Cr (VI) in different water samples with satisfactory results, proving its reliability and feasibility in real sample analysis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Improvement of the Corrosion Resistance of Turbine Engine Bearings

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-04-01

high chrome martensitic steels . Studies conducted in the past several years (References 6 and 7) have shown that high-chrome stainless steels ...qualification procedures required for production use of powder metallurgy bearings may exceed the 3- to 5-year introduction goal. Another stainless steel ...addition, these alloys are commercially available in wrought form as is the currently used VIM-VAR M50. A common high car!.on stainless steel , AISI 440C is

Chrome - Free Aluminum Coating System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bailey, John H.; Gugel, Jeffrey D.

2010-01-01

This slide presentation concerns the program to qualify a chrome free coating for aluminum. The program was required due to findings by OSHA and EPA, that hexavalent chromium, used to mitigate corrosion in aerospace aluminum alloys, poses hazards for personnel. This qualification consisted of over 4,000 tests. The tests revealed that a move away from Cr+6, required a system rather than individual components and that the maximum corrosion protection required pretreatment, primer and topcoat.

High pressure oxygen furnace

DOEpatents

Morris, D.E.

1992-07-14

A high temperature high pressure oxygen furnace having a hybrid partially externally heated construction is disclosed. A metallic bar fabricated from an alloy having a composition of at least 45% nickel, 15% chrome, and 10% tungsten is utilized, the preferred alloy including 55% nickel, 22% chrome, 14% tungsten, 2% molybdenum, 3% iron (maximum) and 5% cobalt (maximum). The disclosed alloy is fabricated into 11/4 inch bar stock and has a length of about 17 inches. This bar stock is gun drilled for over 16 inches of its length with 0.400 inch aperture to define a closed high temperature, high pressure oxygen chamber. The opposite and closed end of the bar is provided with a small support aperture into which both a support and a thermocouple can be inserted. The closed end of the gun drilled bar is inserted into an oven, preferably heated by standard nickel chrome electrical elements and having a heavily insulated exterior. 5 figs.

High pressure oxygen furnace

DOEpatents

Morris, Donald E.

1992-01-01

A high temperature high pressure oxygen furnace having a hybrid partially externally heated construction is disclosed. A metallic bar fabricated from an alloy having a composition of at least 45% nickel, 15% chrome, and 10% tungsten is utilized (the preferred alloy including 55% nickel, 22% chrome, 14% tungsten, 2% molybdenum, 3% iron (maximum) and 5% cobalt (maximum). The disclosed alloy is fabricated into 11/4 inch bar stock and has a length of about 17 inches. This bar stock is gun drilled for over 16 inches of its length with 0.400 inch aperture to define a closed high temperature, high pressure oxygen chamber. The opposite and closed end of the bar is provided with a small support aperture into which both a support and a thermocouple can be inserted. The closed end of the gun drilled bar is inserted into an oven, preferably heated by standard nickel chrome electrical elements and having a heavily insulated exterior.

High pressure furnace

DOEpatents

Morris, D.E.

1993-09-14

A high temperature high pressure furnace has a hybrid partially externally heated construction. A metallic vessel fabricated from an alloy having a composition of at least 45% nickel, 15% chrome, and 10% tungsten is utilized (the preferred alloy including 55% nickel, 22% chrome, 14% tungsten, 2% molybdenum, 3% iron (maximum) and 5% cobalt (maximum)). The disclosed alloy is fabricated into 11/4 or 2 inch, 32 mm or 50 mm bar stock and has a length of about 22 inches, 56 cm. This bar stock has an aperture formed therein to define a closed high temperature, high pressure oxygen chamber. The opposite and closed end of the vessel is provided with a small blind aperture into which a thermocouple can be inserted. The closed end of the vessel is inserted into an oven, preferably heated by standard nickel chrome electrical elements and having a heavily insulated exterior. 19 figures.

NASA TEERM Hexavalent Chrome Alternatives Projects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kessel, Kurt; Rothgeb, Matt

2011-01-01

This slide presentation reviews the NASA project to select an alternative to hexavalent chrome in the aerospace industry. Included is a recent historic testing and research that the Agency has performed on (1) the external tank, (2) the shuttle orbiter, (3) the Shuttle Rocket Booster, and (4) the Space Shuttle Main Engine. Other related Technology Evaluation for Environmental Risk Mitigation (TEERM) projects are reviewed. The Phase I process of the project performed testing of alternatives the results are shown in a chart for different coating systems. International collaboration was also reviewed. Phase II involves further testing of pretreatment and primers for 6 and 12 months of exposure to conditions at Launch Pad and the beach. Further test were performed to characterize the life cycle corrosion of the space vehicles. A new task is described as a joint project with the Department of Defense to identify a Hex Chrome Free Coatings for Electronics.

Argonne Physics Division - Theory Group

Science.gov Websites

Spectroscopic overlaps Nuclear density Nucleon momenta Workshops 2017 1) VI International Workshop on Non experimental groups at Argonne and at other facilities around the world. A brief overview of our program is

Spectroscopic confirmation of uranium(VI)-carbonato adsorption complexes on hematite

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bargar, John R.; Reitmeyer, Rebecca; Davis, James A.

1999-01-01

Evaluating societal risks posed by uranium contamination from waste management facilities, mining sites, and heavy industry requires knowledge about uranium transport in groundwater, often the most significant pathway of exposure to humans. It has been proposed that uranium mobility in aquifers may be controlled by adsorption of U(VI)−carbonato complexes on oxide minerals. The existence of such complexes has not been demonstrated, and little is known about their compositions and reaction stoichiometries. We have used attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopies to probe the existence, structures, and compositions of ≡FeOsurface−U(VI)−carbonato complexes on hematite throughout the pH range of uranyl uptake under conditions relevant to aquifers. U(VI)−carbonato complexes were found to be the predominant adsorbed U(VI) species at all pH values examined, a much wider pH range than previously postulated based on analogy to aqueous U(VI)−carbonato complexes, which are trace constituents at pH < 6. This result indicates the inadequacy of the common modeling assumption that the compositions and predominance of adsorbed species can be inferred from aqueous species. By extension, adsorbed carbonato complexes may be of major importance to the groundwater transport of similar actinide contaminants such as neptunium and plutonium.

An Analysis of Army Hazardous Waste Disposal Cost Data

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-04-01

be contaminated with gl EP Toxic (but not limited to) chromium 2133 Sludge, may be contaminated with (but not lb EP Toxic limited to) trivalent ...limited to) trivalent chrome, cadmium, heavy metals and metals continued - ’kg = kilograms 18 Table 6 (Cont’d) CLIN Supplies/Services CLIN (kg) % of...2.0 0600 Compressed gas cylinders, misc. 81,566 1.8 2133 Sludge, may be contaminated with (but not 78,000 1.7 limited to) trivalent chrome, cadmium

Influences of the current density on the performances of the chrome-plated layer in deterministic electroplating repair

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xia, H.; Shen, X. M.; Yang, X. C.; Xiong, Y.; Jiang, G. L.

2018-01-01

Deterministic electroplating repair is a novel method for rapidly repairing the attrited parts. By the qualitative contrast and quantitative comparison, influences of the current density on performances of the chrome-plated layer were concluded in this study. The chrome-plated layers were fabricated under different current densities when the other parameters were kept constant. Hardnesses, thicknesses and components, surface morphologies and roughnesses, and wearability of the chrome-plated layers were detected by the Vickers hardness tester, scanning electron microscope / energy dispersive X-ray detector, digital microscope in the 3D imaging mode, and the ball-milling instrument with profilograph, respectively. In order to scientifically evaluate each factor, the experimental data was normalized. A comprehensive evaluation model was founded to quantitative analyse influence of the current density based on analytic hierarchy process method and the weighted evaluation method. The calculated comprehensive evaluation indexes corresponding to current density of 40A/dm2, 45A/dm2, 50A/dm2, 55A/dm2, 60A/dm2, and 65A/dm2 were 0.2246, 0.4850, 0.4799, 0.4922, 0.8672, and 0.1381, respectively. Experimental results indicate that final optimal option was 60A/dm2, and the priority orders were 60A/dm2, 55A/dm2, 45A/dm2, 50A/dm2, 40A/dm2, and 65A/dm2.

15 CFR Supplement No. 1 to Part 768 - Evidence of Foreign Availability

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

.... producer, a foreign patent); (vi) Evidence of indigenous technology, production facilities, and the...) Evidence that a foreign country is marketing in the specific country an item of its indigenous manufacture...

15 CFR Supplement No. 1 to Part 768 - Evidence of Foreign Availability

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... producer, a foreign patent); (vi) Evidence of indigenous technology, production facilities, and the...) Evidence that a foreign country is marketing in the specific country an item of its indigenous manufacture...

15 CFR Supplement No. 1 to Part 768 - Evidence of Foreign Availability

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

.... producer, a foreign patent); (vi) Evidence of indigenous technology, production facilities, and the...) Evidence that a foreign country is marketing in the specific country an item of its indigenous manufacture...

15 CFR Supplement No. 1 to Part 768 - Evidence of Foreign Availability

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

.... producer, a foreign patent); (vi) Evidence of indigenous technology, production facilities, and the...) Evidence that a foreign country is marketing in the specific country an item of its indigenous manufacture...

15 CFR Supplement No. 1 to Part 768 - Evidence of Foreign Availability

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

.... producer, a foreign patent); (vi) Evidence of indigenous technology, production facilities, and the...) Evidence that a foreign country is marketing in the specific country an item of its indigenous manufacture...

Micro- and Nano-scale Diffusion Domains Acting as Kinetic Controls for U(VI) Release to the Hanford 300-Area Aquifer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stoliker, D. L.; Hay, M. B.; Davis, J. A.; Zachara, J. M.

2008-12-01

The 300-Area of the Hanford reservation, a cold-war era nuclear processing facility, is plagued by long-term elevated concentrations of U(VI) in the underlying aquifer. While the sediment U(VI) concentration is relatively low, it continues to act as a source and sink for the contaminant, allowing for persistent groundwater concentrations well above the maximum contamination limit (MCL). Simple Kd modeling of the attenuation of U(VI) in the aquifer predicted that groundwater U(VI) concentrations would decrease to below the drinking water standard by the year 2002. However, grain-scale morphology of the aquifer material suggests that intra-grain flow paths and mineral coatings, in which sorption complexes and precipitates formed over years of waste disposal, provide a significant kinetic constraint that slows groundwater flushing of the sediments. In order to quantify the impact of diffusion kinetics on the release of U(VI), high-resolution, non-reactive tracer studies were conducted on vadose zone sediments in both column and batch reactors. Systems were equilibrated for long time scales with tritated artificial groundwater and then flushed with flow and stop-flow events included for columns. Previously collected U(VI) release data from batch dissolution/desorption studies is compared with tritium tracer diffusion kinetics as well as porosimetry and detailed microscopy characterization. The micro-scale and nano-scale diffusion regimes, including intra-granular regions as well as mineral coatings, represent a significant potential long-term source of contaminant U(VI). Understanding the physical kinetic limitations coupled with the complex chemistry of U(VI) sorption processes within natural systems is an important step forward in providing information to strengthen field-scale reactive transport simulations.

Prevalence of visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive error: Results from Delhi-Rapid Assessment of Visual Impairment Study.

PubMed

Senjam, Suraj Singh; Vashist, Praveen; Gupta, Noopur; Malhotra, Sumit; Misra, Vasundhara; Bhardwaj, Amit; Gupta, Vivek

2016-05-01

To estimate the prevalence of visual impairment (VI) due to uncorrected refractive error (URE) and to assess the barriers to utilization of services in the adult urban population of Delhi. A population-based rapid assessment of VI was conducted among people aged 40 years and above in 24 randomly selected clusters of East Delhi district. Presenting visual acuity (PVA) was assessed in each eye using Snellen's "E" chart. Pinhole examination was done if PVA was <20/60 in either eye and ocular examination to ascertain the cause of VI. Barriers to utilization of services for refractive error were recorded with questionnaires. Of 2421 individuals enumerated, 2331 (96%) individuals were examined. Females were 50.7% among them. The mean age of all examined subjects was 51.32 ± 10.5 years (standard deviation). VI in either eye due to URE was present in 275 individuals (11.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.5-13.1). URE was identified as the most common cause (53.4%) of VI. The overall prevalence of VI due to URE in the study population was 6.1% (95% CI: 5.1-7.0). The elder population as well as females were more likely to have VI due to URE (odds ratio [OR] = 12.3; P < 0.001 and OR = 1.5; P < 0.02). Lack of felt need was the most common reported barrier (31.5%). The prevalence of VI due to URE among the urban adult population of Delhi is still high despite the availability of abundant eye care facilities. The majority of reported barriers are related to human behavior and attitude toward the refractive error. Understanding these aspects will help in planning appropriate strategies to eliminate VI due to URE.

ARM Airborne Carbon Measurements VI (ACME VI) Science Plan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Biraud, S

2015-12-01

From October 1 through September 30, 2016, the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Aerial Facility will deploy the Cessna 206 aircraft over the Southern Great Plains (SGP) site, collecting observations of trace-gas mixing ratios over the ARM’s SGP facility. The aircraft payload includes two Atmospheric Observing Systems, Inc., analyzers for continuous measurements of CO2 and a 12-flask sampler for analysis of carbon cycle gases (CO2, CO, CH4, N2O, 13CO2, 14CO2, carbonyl sulfide, and trace hydrocarbon species, including ethane). The aircraft payload also includes instrumentation for solar/infrared radiation measurements. This research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s ARM Climate Researchmore » Facility and Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program and builds upon previous ARM Airborne Carbon Measurements (ARM-ACME) missions. The goal of these measurements is to improve understanding of 1) the carbon exchange at the SGP site, 2) how CO2 and associated water and energy fluxes influence radiative forcing, convective processes and CO2 concentrations over the SGP site, and 3) how greenhouse gases are transported on continental scales.« less

Trace elements and diabetes: Assessment of levels in tears and serum.

PubMed

Cancarini, A; Fostinelli, J; Napoli, L; Gilberti, M E; Apostoli, P; Semeraro, F

2017-01-01

Tear film is critical for the well-being and homeostasis of the ocular surface. Although the composition of the tear film is well known, the composition of metallic elements have yet to be analysed. Despite trace elements metabolism has been reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease that affects several aspects of homeostasis, little is known in the literature regarding concentration and possible variation of metallic elements in tear film. We studied the concentrations of several essential and non-essential metallic elements in the tear fluid and serum of patients with type II diabetes mellitus and a group of non-diabetic controls. Serum and tear fluid were collected from 97 patients: 47 type II diabetic patients and 50 non-diabetic controls. Regarding tear film, there were statistically significant differences in Zinc, Chrome, Cobalt, Manganese, Barium, and Lead between groups; the values of all metallic elements were found to be statistically significant higher in patients with mellitus type II diabetes. Regarding serum values there was a statistically significant difference in Chrome, Cobalt, and Selenium values; the concentrations of Chrome and Cobalt were higher in the control group, while Selenium concentration was higher in diabetic patients. In patients with type II diabetes, metal elements with higher concentrations in tears compared to serum were: Lead, Barium, Manganese, Cobalt, and Chrome. In the control group, the metal elements with the highest concentration in tear film compared to serum were Chrome, Manganese, Barium, and Lead. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the possible effect of a disease, such as diabetes, on the metabolism of metallic elements. Although our evidence was very interesting, it is probably limited in its accuracy due to the fact that individuals in the control group harboured ocular pathologies. This work lays the foundation for future studies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Strengthening DoD Cyber Security with the Vulnerability Market

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

50,000 – $100,000 Windows $60,000 – $120,000 Firefox or Safari $60,000 – $150,000 Chrome or Internet Explorer $80,000 – $200,000 iOS $100,000...the CTB metric for the Google Chrome OS at $110,000. Accordingly, this metric could be used by Google to compare its security to other operating...Mozilla Foundation. (n.d.). Mozilla. Retrieved from https://www.mozilla. org/en-US/foundation/ Thomson, I. (2013, March 8). Pwn2Own: IE10, Firefox

Nanoscale investigation of the degradation mechanism of a historical chrome yellow paint by quantitative electron energy loss spectroscopy mapping of chromium species.

PubMed

Tan, Haiyan; Tian, He; Verbeeck, Jo; Monico, Letizia; Janssens, Koen; Van Tendeloo, Gustaaf

2013-10-18

Getting the picture: The investigation of 100 year old chrome yellow paint by transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy has led to the identification of four types of core-shell particles. This nanoscale investigation has allowed a mechanism to be proposed for the darkening of some bright yellow colors in Van Gogh's paintings (e.g. in Falling leaves (Les Alyscamps), 1888). Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Special Advanced Studies for Pollution Prevention. Delivery Order 0046: Advanced Studies in Pollution Prevention Chrome Replacements for Internal and Small Parts

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-01-01

Control Conference Proceedings, Orlando (1997), p 143. 5 US Patent # 5,196,109 (1993): " Trivalent chromium electrolytes and plating processes...Summary -Electroplating 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Process Description 7.2.1 Trivalent chrome plating 7.2.2. Composite electroplating 7.2.3. Alloy...requirements of chromium without the environmental and health hazards associated with chromic acid. Ideally, the process would not use any EPA 17

High sensitivity electric field monitoring system for control of field-induced CD degradation in reticles (EFM)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sebald, Thomas; Rider, Gavin

2009-04-01

It has recently been reported [1] that production reticles are subject to progressive CD degradation during use and intense study is under way to try and identify the causes of it. One damage mechanism which has already been identified and quantified [2] is electric field induced migration of chrome (EFM). This can be caused by electric fields that are more than 100x weaker than those that cause ESD. Such low level electric fields can be experienced by a reticle during normal handling and processing steps, as well as coming from external sources during transportation and storage. The field strength of concern is lower than most electrostatic field meters are designed to measure and it can be difficult or impossible to measure such fields inside the cramped environment of equipment. To measure this risk a new sensor device ("E-Reticle") has been developed having the same materials of construction and form factor as a standard chrome-on-quartz reticle. It allows the electric field that a reticle would experience during normal use and handling to be measured and recorded. Results from testing of this device in a semiconductor production facility are reported, showing that certain processes like reticle washing are inherently hazardous. It also enables identification of problems with electrostatic protection measures inside equipment, such as unbalanced ionizers or poor load port grounding. The device is shown to be capable of recording electric fields in the reticle handling environment that are below the recommended maximum that is being proposed for the 2009 ITRS guidelines.

RAND Workshop on Antiproton Science and Technology, Annotated Executive Summary. (October 6-9, 1987)

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-10-01

parity violation to condensed matter . A number of near-term important applications are possible using the source and portable storage devices...from charge parity violation studies to condensed matter studies. -vi - The CERN/LEAR facility will continue to only scratch the surface of important...technology programs. These technology programs include possible small tools to study extreme states of matter ;, a propulsion test facility for

The influence of activating agents on the performance of rice husk-based carbon for sodium lauryl sulfate and chrome (Cr) metal adsorptions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arneli; Safitri, Z. F.; Pangestika, A. W.; Fauziah, F.; Wahyuningrum, V. N.; Astuti, Y.

2017-02-01

This research aims to study the influence of activating agents to produce rice husk based-carbon with high adsorption capacity and efficiency for either hazardous organic molecules or heavy metals which are unfriendly for the environment. Firstly, rice husk was burned by pyrolysis at different temperatures to produce rice husk-based carbon. To improve its ability as an adsorbent, carbon was treated with activating agents, namely, H3PO4 and KOH at room and high temperature (420 °C). The performance of carbon was then tested by contacting it with surfactant (SLS). Finally, the surfactant-modified active carbon was applied for chrome metal removal. The result shows that activation of carbon using phosphate acid (H3PO4) was more effective than potassium hydroxide (KOH) conducted at high temperature to adsorb sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and chrome metal with the adsorption capacity 1.50 mgg-1 and 0.375 mgg-1, respectively.

Thermal degradation of a black chrome solar selective absorber coating: short term

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lampert, C.M.

1979-05-01

Both the energy absorption properties and chemical microstructure of CHROM-ONYX were investigated using electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Different temperatures for short annealing times were used to evaluate this coating's temperature resistance limitations along with possible degradation mechanisms for various stagnation situations. Samples were tested in both air and vacuum. As a result, each sample regardless of atmosphere was characteristically similar, with air acting to mildly accelerate optical degradation at higher temperatures. Below 300 to 400/sup 0/C black chrome exhibited a structural transformation precipitating Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/. Above 500/sup 0/C this phase grew considerably, while chromium was depleted. Atmore » 600/sup 0/C and above, a new dominant phase developed corresponding to NiCr/sub 2/O/sub 4/, a cubic spinel. However, for all practical purposes black chrome optically degraded between 500 to 600/sup 0/C during short exposure times.« less

Minimization of the environmental impact of chrome tanning: a new process with high chrome exhaustion.

PubMed

Morera, Josep M; Bacardit, Anna; Ollé, Lluís; Bartolí, Esther; Borràs, Maria D

2007-11-01

In all tanning technology operations wastes are generated. These reach the environment as residual waters, solid and liquid waste as well as atmospheric emissions and odours. This study tests an alternative method to the traditional tanning method at an industrial level. The new method is based on tanning without float and by significantly increasing the temperature at the end of the tanning process. The properties of the leathers obtained using the two methods have been compared and the results indicate that those leathers have similar physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties. However, the differences existing from the environmental point of view are significant. It is not necessary to use clean water for this tanning. Moreover, there is a 75% reduction of the residual float, a 91% reduction of the chrome discharged, and a 94% reduction of the chlorides discharged. A financial assessment was carried out to demonstrate that the newly proposed system is 32% more economic than the traditional one.

Mechanisms of Zn(II) binded to collagen and its effect on the capacity of eco-friendly Zn-Cr combination tanning system.

PubMed

Cao, Shan; Liu, Bing; Cheng, Baozhen; Lu, Fuping; Wang, Yanping; Li, Yu

2017-01-05

The eco-friendly combination tanning process has been developed to reduce chromium in existing researches, which is based on zinc tanning agents. This can be considered as a less-chrome substitute for current tanning process. To gain deeper understanding of the binding mechanisms of zinc-collagen interaction, which are affected by tanning pH, experiments have been carried out. Analysis in this paper reveals how chemical bonds from the collagen's main function groups combine with zinc. XPS and NIR data was analyzed for further understanding of where the zinc binding sites lie on collagen fibers at different pH. The results indicate that high pH is helpful to amino-binding sites while low pH promotes carboxyl-binding sites on collagen fibers. Furthermore, from the effect of Zinc-chrome combination tanning, we can see that the new method reduces the chromium dosage in tanning process compared to the conventional chrome tanning method. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spectroscopic evidence of uranium immobilization in acidic wetlands by natural organic matter and plant roots.

PubMed

Li, Dien; Kaplan, Daniel I; Chang, Hyun-Shik; Seaman, John C; Jaffé, Peter R; Koster van Groos, Paul; Scheckel, Kirk G; Segre, Carlo U; Chen, Ning; Jiang, De-Tong; Newville, Matthew; Lanzirotti, Antonio

2015-03-03

Biogeochemistry of uranium in wetlands plays important roles in U immobilization in storage ponds of U mining and processing facilities but has not been well understood. The objective of this work was to study molecular mechanisms responsible for high U retention by Savannah River Site (SRS) wetland sediments under varying redox and acidic (pH = 2.6-5.8) conditions using U L3-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Uranium in the SRS wetland sediments existed primarily as U(VI) bonded as a bidentate to carboxylic sites (U-C bond distance at ∼2.88 Å), rather than phenolic or other sites of natural organic matter (NOM). In microcosms simulating the SRS wetland processes, U immobilization on roots was 2 orders of magnitude higher than on the adjacent brown or more distant white sands in which U was U(VI). Uranium on the roots were both U(IV) and U(VI), which were bonded as a bidentate to carbon, but the U(VI) may also form a U phosphate mineral. After 140 days of air exposure, all U(IV) was reoxidized to U(VI) but remained as a bidentate bonding to carbon. This study demonstrated NOM and plant roots can highly immobilize U(VI) in the SRS acidic sediments, which has significant implication for the long-term stewardship of U-contaminated wetlands.

Spectroscopic evidence of uranium immobilization in acidic wetlands by natural organic matter and plant roots

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Dien; Kaplan, Daniel I.; Chang, Hyun-Shik

Biogeochemistry of uranium in wetlands plays important roles in U immobilization in storage ponds of U mining and processing facilities but has not been well understood. The objective of this work was to study molecular mechanisms responsible for high U retention by Savannah River Site (SRS) wetland sediments under varying redox and acidic (pH = 2.6–5.8) conditions using U L₃-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Uranium in the SRS wetland sediments existed primarily as U(VI) bonded as a bidentate to carboxylic sites (U–C bond distance at ~2.88 Å), rather than phenolic or other sites of natural organic matter (NOM). In microcosms simulatingmore » the SRS wetland processes, U immobilization on roots was two orders of magnitude higher than on the adjacent brown or more distant white sands in which U was U(VI). Uranium on the roots were both U(IV) and U(VI), which were bonded as a bidentate to carbon, but the U(VI) may also form a U phosphate mineral. After 140 days of air exposure, all U(IV) was re-oxidized to U(VI) but remained as a bidentate bonding to carbon. This study demonstrated NOM and plant roots can highly immobilize U(VI) in the SRS acidic sediments, which has significant implication for the long-term stewardship of U-contaminated wetlands.« less

Spectroscopic evidence of uranium immobilization in acidic wetlands by natural organic matter and plant roots

DOE PAGES

Li, Dien; Kaplan, Daniel I.; Chang, Hyun-Shik; ...

2015-03-03

Biogeochemistry of uranium in wetlands plays important roles in U immobilization in storage ponds of U mining and processing facilities but has not been well understood. The objective of this work was to study molecular mechanisms responsible for high U retention by Savannah River Site (SRS) wetland sediments under varying redox and acidic (pH = 2.6–5.8) conditions using U L₃-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Uranium in the SRS wetland sediments existed primarily as U(VI) bonded as a bidentate to carboxylic sites (U–C bond distance at ~2.88 Å), rather than phenolic or other sites of natural organic matter (NOM). In microcosms simulatingmore » the SRS wetland processes, U immobilization on roots was two orders of magnitude higher than on the adjacent brown or more distant white sands in which U was U(VI). Uranium on the roots were both U(IV) and U(VI), which were bonded as a bidentate to carbon, but the U(VI) may also form a U phosphate mineral. After 140 days of air exposure, all U(IV) was re-oxidized to U(VI) but remained as a bidentate bonding to carbon. This study demonstrated NOM and plant roots can highly immobilize U(VI) in the SRS acidic sediments, which has significant implication for the long-term stewardship of U-contaminated wetlands.« less

Comparative statistical analysis of chrome and vegetable tanning effluents and their effects on related soil.

PubMed

Tariq, Saadia R; Shah, Munir H; Shaheen, Nazia

2009-09-30

Two tanning units of Pakistan, namely, Kasur and Mian Channun were investigated with respect to the tanning processes (chrome and vegetable, respectively) and the effects of the tanning agents on the quality of soil in vicinity of tanneries were evaluated. The effluent and soil samples from 16 tanneries each of Kasur and Mian Channun were collected. The levels of selected metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer under optimum analytical conditions. The data thus obtained were subjected to univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Most of the metals exhibited considerably higher concentrations in the effluents and soils of Kasur compared with those of Mian Channun. It was observed that the soil of Kasur was highly contaminated by Na, K, Ca and Mg emanating from various processes of leather manufacture. Furthermore, the levels of Cr were also present at much enhanced levels than its background concentration due to the adoption of chrome tanning. The levels of Cr determined in soil samples collected from the vicinity of Mian Channun tanneries were almost comparable to the background levels. The soil of this city was found to have contaminated only by the metals originating from pre-tanning processes. The apportionment of selected metals in the effluent and soil samples was determined by a multivariate cluster analysis, which revealed significant differences in chrome and vegetable tanning processes.

The Effect of Casting Ring Liner Length and Prewetting on the Marginal Adaptation and Dimensional Accuracy of Full Crown Castings.

PubMed

Haralur, Satheesh B; Hamdi, Osama A; Al-Shahrani, Abdulaziz A; Alhasaniah, Sultan

2017-01-01

To evaluate the effect of varying cellulose casting ring liner length and its prewetting on the marginal adaptation and dimensional accuracy of full veneer metal castings. The master die was milled in stainless steel to fabricate the wax pattern. Sixty wax patterns were fabricated with a uniform thickness of 1.5 mm at an occlusal surface and 1 mm axial surface, cervical width at 13.5 mm, and 10 mm cuspal height. The samples were divided into six groups ( n = 10). Groups I and II samples had the full-length cellulose prewet and dry ring liner, respectively. The groups III and IV had 2 mm short prewet and dry cellulose ring liner, respectively, whereas groups V and VI were invested in 6 mm short ring liner. The wax patterns were immediately invested in phosphate bonded investment, and casting procedure was completed with nickel-chrome alloy. The castings were cleaned and mean score of measurements at four reference points for marginal adaption, casting height, and cervical width was calculated. The marginal adaption was calculated with Imaje J software, whereas the casting height and cervical width was determined using a digital scale. The data was subjected to one-way analysis of varaince and Tukey post hoc statistical analysis with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 software. The group II had the best marginal adaption with a gap of 63.786 μm followed by group I (65.185 μm), group IV (87.740 μm), and group III (101.455 μm). A large marginal gap was observed in group V at 188.871 μm. Cuspal height was more accurate with group V (10.428 mm), group VI (10.421 mm), and group II (10.488 mm). The cervical width was approximately similar in group I, group III, and group V. Statistically significant difference was observed in Tukey post hoc analysis between group V and group VI with all the other groups with regards to marginal adaptation. The dry cellulose ring liners provided better marginal adaptation in comparison to prewet cellulose ring liners. Accurate cuspal height was obtained with shorter ring liner in comparison to full-length cellulose ring liners.

The Effect of Casting Ring Liner Length and Prewetting on the Marginal Adaptation and Dimensional Accuracy of Full Crown Castings

PubMed Central

Haralur, Satheesh B.; Hamdi, Osama A.; Al-Shahrani, Abdulaziz A.; Alhasaniah, Sultan

2017-01-01

Aim: To evaluate the effect of varying cellulose casting ring liner length and its prewetting on the marginal adaptation and dimensional accuracy of full veneer metal castings. Materials and Methods: The master die was milled in stainless steel to fabricate the wax pattern. Sixty wax patterns were fabricated with a uniform thickness of 1.5 mm at an occlusal surface and 1 mm axial surface, cervical width at 13.5 mm, and 10 mm cuspal height. The samples were divided into six groups (n = 10). Groups I and II samples had the full-length cellulose prewet and dry ring liner, respectively. The groups III and IV had 2 mm short prewet and dry cellulose ring liner, respectively, whereas groups V and VI were invested in 6 mm short ring liner. The wax patterns were immediately invested in phosphate bonded investment, and casting procedure was completed with nickel-chrome alloy. The castings were cleaned and mean score of measurements at four reference points for marginal adaption, casting height, and cervical width was calculated. The marginal adaption was calculated with Imaje J software, whereas the casting height and cervical width was determined using a digital scale. The data was subjected to one-way analysis of varaince and Tukey post hoc statistical analysis with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 software. Results: The group II had the best marginal adaption with a gap of 63.786 μm followed by group I (65.185 μm), group IV (87.740 μm), and group III (101.455 μm). A large marginal gap was observed in group V at 188.871 μm. Cuspal height was more accurate with group V (10.428 mm), group VI (10.421 mm), and group II (10.488 mm). The cervical width was approximately similar in group I, group III, and group V. Statistically significant difference was observed in Tukey post hoc analysis between group V and group VI with all the other groups with regards to marginal adaptation. Conclusion: The dry cellulose ring liners provided better marginal adaptation in comparison to prewet cellulose ring liners. Accurate cuspal height was obtained with shorter ring liner in comparison to full-length cellulose ring liners. PMID:28316950

10 CFR 50.54 - Conditions of licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... to the licensee's facility; (iii) The use of generic organizational position titles that clearly...; (iv) The use of generic organizational charts to indicate functional relationships, authorities, and... which the licensee is committed; and (vi) Organizational revisions that ensure that persons and...

KSC-06pd0499

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, emergency personnel tend to "injured astronauts" during a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0493

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew at NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, emergency rescue personnel tend to an "injured astronaut." Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0498

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, emergency personnel tend to "injured astronauts" during a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0487

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, emergency rescue personnel get equipment ready for a simulated emergency rescue of a shuttle crew after landing. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0511

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, emergency personnel tend to "injured astronauts" during a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

Edge effects in phase-shifting masks for 0.25-µm lithography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wong, Alfred K. K.; Neureuther, Andrew R.

1993-03-01

The impact on image quality of scattering from phase-shifter edges and of interactions between phase-shifter and chrome edges is assessed using rigorous electromagnetic simulation. Effects of edge taper in phase-shift masks, spacing between phase-shifter and chrome edges, small outrigger features with a trench phase-shifter, and of the repair of phase defects by etching to 360 degree(s) are considered. Near field distributions and diffraction efficiencies are examined and images are compared with more approximate results from the commonly used Hopkins' theory of imaging.

Influence of the magnetic field profile on ITER conductor testing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nijhuis, A.; Ilyin, Y.; ten Kate, H. H. J.

2006-08-01

We performed simulations with the numerical CUDI-CICC code on a typical short ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) conductor test sample of dual leg configuration, as usually tested in the SULTAN test facility, and made a comparison with the new EFDA-Dipole test facility offering a larger applied DC field region. The new EFDA-Dipole test facility, designed for short sample testing of conductors for ITER, has a homogeneous high field region of 1.2 m, while in the SULTAN facility this region is three times shorter. The inevitable non-uniformity of the current distribution in the cable, introduced by the joints at both ends, has a degrading effect on voltage-current (VI) and voltage-temperature (VT) characteristics, particularly for these short samples. This can easily result in an underestimation or overestimation of the actual conductor performance. A longer applied DC high field region along a conductor suppresses the current non-uniformity by increasing the overall longitudinal cable electric field when reaching the current sharing mode. The numerical interpretation study presented here gives a quantitative analysis for a relevant practical case of a test of a short sample poloidal field coil insert (PFCI) conductor in SULTAN. The simulation includes the results of current distribution analysis from self-field measurements with Hall sensor arrays, current sharing measurements and inter-petal resistance measurements. The outcome of the simulations confirms that the current uniformity improves with a longer high field region but the 'measured' VI transition is barely affected, though the local peak voltages become somewhat suppressed. It appears that the location of the high field region and voltage taps has practically no influence on the VI curve as long as the transverse voltage components are adequately cancelled. In particular, for a thin conduit wall, the voltage taps should be connected to the conduit in the form of an (open) azimuthally soldered wire, averaging the transverse conduit surface potentials initiated in the joints.

Portable air pollution control equipment for the control of toxic particulate emissions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chaurushia, A.; Odabashian, S.; Busch, E.

1997-12-31

Chromium VI (Cr VI) has been identified by the environmental regulatory agencies as a potent carcinogen among eleven heavy metals. A threshold level of 0.0001 lb/year for Cr VI emissions has been established by the California Air Resources Board for reporting under Assembly Bill 2588. A need for an innovative control technology to reduce fugitive emissions of Cr VI was identified during the Air Toxic Emissions Reduction Program at Northrop Grumman Military Aircraft Systems Division (NGMASD). NGMASD operates an aircraft assembly facility in El Segundo, CA. Nearly all of the aircraft components are coated with a protective coating (primer) priormore » to assembly. The primer has Cr VI as a component for its excellent corrosion resistance property. The complex assembly process requires fasteners which also need primer coating. Therefore, NGMASD utilizes High Volume Low Pressure (HVLP) guns for the touch-up spray coating operations. During the touch-up spray coating operations, Cr VI particles are atomized and transferred to the aircraft surface. The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) has determined that the HVLP gun transfers 65% of the paint particles onto the substrate and the remaining 35% are emitted as an overspray if air pollution controls are not applied. NGMASD has developed the Portable Air Pollution Control Equipment (PAPCE) to capture and control the overspray in order to reduce fugitive Cr VI emissions from the touch-up spray coating operations. A source test was performed per SCAQMD guidelines and the final report has been approved by the SCAQMD.« less

Criticality calculations of the Very High Temperature reactor Critical Assembly benchmark with Serpent and SCALE/KENO-VI

DOE PAGES

Bostelmann, Friederike; Hammer, Hans R.; Ortensi, Javier; ...

2015-12-30

Within the framework of the IAEA Coordinated Research Project on HTGR Uncertainty Analysis in Modeling, criticality calculations of the Very High Temperature Critical Assembly experiment were performed as the validation reference to the prismatic MHTGR-350 lattice calculations. Criticality measurements performed at several temperature points at this Japanese graphite-moderated facility were recently included in the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments, and represent one of the few data sets available for the validation of HTGR lattice physics. Here, this work compares VHTRC criticality simulations utilizing the Monte Carlo codes Serpent and SCALE/KENO-VI. Reasonable agreement was found between Serpent andmore » KENO-VI, but only the use of the latest ENDF cross section library release, namely the ENDF/B-VII.1 library, led to an improved match with the measured data. Furthermore, the fourth beta release of SCALE 6.2/KENO-VI showed significant improvements from the current SCALE 6.1.2 version, compared to the experimental values and Serpent.« less

Facile synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/peroxomolybdate(VI)-citrate composite and its potential energy storage application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ciszewski, Mateusz; Benke, Grzegorz; Leszczyńska-Sejda, Katarzyna; Kopyto, Dorota

2017-11-01

A new energy storage material based on molybdate active species has been presented. Molybdenum seems to be a perspective material in supercapacitors because of numerous possible metal oxidation states, electrolyte storage by means of various chemical reactions and availability in comparison to other refractory metals. Material synthesized within this research was composed of reduced graphene oxide matrix and peroxomolybdate(VI)-citrate active dimers. It was showed that peroxomolybdate(VI)-citrate structure enhanced electrochemical activity of symmetric supercapacitor. Simple methodology was used to synthesize a composite with pH adjustment as the key step. The specific capacity calculated from galvanostatic charge/discharge curves was as high as 250 F/g. Material was distinguished by good cyclability with 5% capacity loss after 1000 cycles. The increase in charge transfer resistance, induced by metal-oxygen compound within the carbon matrix was relatively low, compared to parent reduced graphene oxide. Amorphous structure of peroxomolybdate(VI)-modified material was observed with slight increase in the interlayer distance in comparison to parent reduced graphene oxide. The height and lateral size of crystallites were also determined. Significant decrease in the specific surface area of peroxomolybdate(VI)-modified composite was observed, in comparison to the parent reduced graphene oxide.

Formation of stable uranium(VI) colloidal nanoparticles in conditions relevant to radioactive waste disposal.

PubMed

Bots, Pieter; Morris, Katherine; Hibberd, Rosemary; Law, Gareth T W; Mosselmans, J Frederick W; Brown, Andy P; Doutch, James; Smith, Andrew J; Shaw, Samuel

2014-12-09

The favored pathway for disposal of higher activity radioactive wastes is via deep geological disposal. Many geological disposal facility designs include cement in their engineering design. Over the long term, interaction of groundwater with the cement and waste will form a plume of a hyperalkaline leachate (pH 10-13), and the behavior of radionuclides needs to be constrained under these extreme conditions to minimize the environmental hazard from the wastes. For uranium, a key component of many radioactive wastes, thermodynamic modeling predicts that, at high pH, U(VI) solubility will be very low (nM or lower) and controlled by equilibrium with solid phase alkali and alkaline-earth uranates. However, the formation of U(VI) colloids could potentially enhance the mobility of U(VI) under these conditions, and characterizing the potential for formation and medium-term stability of U(VI) colloids is important in underpinning our understanding of U behavior in waste disposal. Reflecting this, we applied conventional geochemical and microscopy techniques combined with synchrotron based in situ and ex situ X-ray techniques (small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray adsorption spectroscopy (XAS)) to characterize colloidal U(VI) nanoparticles in a synthetic cement leachate (pH > 13) containing 4.2-252 μM U(VI). The results show that in cement leachates with 42 μM U(VI), colloids formed within hours and remained stable for several years. The colloids consisted of 1.5-1.8 nm nanoparticles with a proportion forming 20-60 nm aggregates. Using XAS and electron microscopy, we were able to determine that the colloidal nanoparticles had a clarkeite (sodium-uranate)-type crystallographic structure. The presented results have clear and hitherto unrecognized implications for the mobility of U(VI) in cementitious environments, in particular those associated with the geological disposal of nuclear waste.

Occupational asthma due to chrome and nickel electroplating

PubMed Central

Bright, P.; Burge, P. S.; O'Hickey, S. P.; Gannon, P. F.; Robertson, A. S.; Boran, A.

1997-01-01

BACKGROUND: Exposure to chromium during electroplating is a recognised though poorly characterised cause of occupational asthma. The first series of such patients referred to a specialist occupational lung disease clinic is reported. METHODS: The diagnosis of occupational asthma was made from a history of asthma with rest day improvement and confirmed by specific bronchial provocation testing with potassium dichromate and nickel chloride. RESULTS: Seven workers had been exposed to chrome and nickel fumes from electroplating for eight months to six years before asthma developed. One subject, although exposed for 11 years without symptoms, developed asthma after a single severe exposure during a ventilation failure. This was the only subject who had never smoked. The diagnosis was confirmed by specific bronchial challenges. Two workers had isolated immediate reactions, one a late asthmatic reaction, and four a dual response following exposure to nebulised potassium dichromate at 1-10 mg/ml. Two of the four subjects were also challenged with nebulised nickel chloride at 0.1-10 mg/ml. Two showed isolated late asthmatic reactions, in one at 0.1 mg/ml, where nickel was probably the primary sensitising agent. Four workers carried out two hourly measurements of peak expiratory flow over days at and away from work. All were scored as having occupational asthma using OASYS-2. Breathing zone air monitoring was carried out in 60 workers from four decorative and two hard chrome plating shops from workers with similar jobs to those sensitised. No measurement exceeded the current occupational exposure standard for chromate or nickel, the mean levels of chromate exposure for jobs similar to those of the affected workers were 9-15 micrograms/m3. CONCLUSION: Chrome used in electroplating is a potential cause of occupational asthma. Sensitivity to chrome in electroplaters may occur in situations where exposure levels are likely to be within the current exposure standards. There may be cross reactivity with nickel. Inhalation challenge with nebulised potassium dichromate solution is helpful in making the specific diagnosis where doubt exists. 


 PMID:9039236

[Spatial distribution of birth defects among children aged 0 to 5 years and its relationship with soil chemical elements in Chongqing].

PubMed

Dong, Yan; Zhong, Zhao-hui; Li, Hong; Li, Jie; Wang, Ying-xiong; Peng, Bin; Zhang, Mao-zhong; Huang, Qiao; Yan, Ju; Xu, Fei-long

2013-10-01

To explore the correlation between the incidence of birth defects and the contents of soil elements so as to provide a scientific basis for screening the related pathogenic factors that inducing birth defects for the development of related preventive and control strategies. MapInfo 7.0 software was used to draw the maps on spatial distribution regarding the incidence rates of birth defects and the contents of 11 chemical elements in soil in the 33 studied areas. Variables on the two maps were superposed for analyzing the spatial correlation. SAS 8.0 software was used to analyze single factor, multi-factors and principal components as well as to comprehensively evaluate the degrees of relevance. Different incidence rates of birth defects showed in the maps of spatial distribution presented certain degrees of negative correlation with anomalies of soil chemical elements, including copper, chrome, iodine, selenium, zinc while positively correlated with the levels of lead. Results from the principal component regression equation indicating that the contents of copper(0.002), arsenic(-0.07), cadmium(0.05), chrome (-0.001), zinc (0.001), iodine(-0.03), lead (0.08), fluorine(-0.002)might serve as important factors that related to the prevalence of birth defects. Through the study on spatial distribution, we noticed that the incidence rates of birth defects were related to the contents of copper, chrome, iodine, selenium, zinc, lead in soil while the contents of chrome, iodine and lead might lead to the occurrence of birth defects.

Poultry feed based on protein hydrolysate derived from chrome-tanned leather solid waste: creating value from waste.

PubMed

Chaudhary, Rubina; Pati, Anupama

2016-04-01

Leather industry generates huge amount of chrome-containing leather solid waste which creates major environment problems to tanners worldwide. Chrome-tanned leather solid waste is primarily chromium complex of collagen protein. The presence of chromium limits its protein application in animal feed industry. The purified protein hydrolysate with zero chromium could be used in poultry feed. In this study, an attempt has been made to assess performance of poultry with purified protein hydrolysate as a feed derived from chrome-tanned leather waste as partial replacement of soyabean meal as a sole source of protein for growing broiler chickens. Growth study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding protein hydrolysate on performance and physiochemical characteristics of meat of broiler chickens. Two experimental diets containing various levels of protein hydrolysate (EI-20 % and EII-30 %) were evaluated. The comparative study was performed as control with soyabean meal. Daily feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured from day 8 to day 35. At the end of the study, birds were randomly selected and slaughtered to evaluate for physiochemical characteristics of meat. Diet had significant effects on feed intake and body weight gain. Birds fed with 20 and 30 % protein hydrolysate consumed 9.5 and 17.5 % higher amount of feed and gained 6.5 and 16.6 % higher than soyabean meal-fed birds. The current study produced evidence that protein hydrolysate can replace up to 75 % of soyabean meal in broiler diets without affecting either growth performance or meat characteristics.

Study on Movable gel Profiling/Flooding System Optimization at Boundary Temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Shanshan; Xie, Gang; Zhang, Tiantian; Wang, Zhiqiang; Jiang, Peijun; Wei, Junjie; Gu, Yi; Lei, Xiaoyang; Guo, Suzhen; Lei, Shi

2017-12-01

65-75°C is the boundary temperature of phenol-formaldehyde resin and organic chrome crosslink with HPAM to generate movable gel. Generally speaking, when the reservoir temperature is below 65-75°C, the crosslinking agent is Organic chrome. Phenol-formaldehyde resin is used when the temperature is above 65-75°C. In this paper the gelation properties of phenol-formaldehyde resin and organic chrome were compared at 70°C. The experiment results showed that the crosslinking time of phenol-formaldehyde resin gel was longer and more conducive to field injection. In addition the phenol-formaldehyde resin gel had greater viscosity, adhesion and shearing resistance compared with the organic chrome gel. So the phenol-formaldehyde resin was chosen for further optimization. The crosslinking time was shortened and the gel viscosity increased with the increase of the polymer concentration. As the polymer crosslinker proportion increased The crosslinking time was shortened and the gel viscosity increased first and then decreased. Reinforcer NC and stabilizer WG were added to improve the temperature and salt tolerance of the gel. The gel formula suitable for the boundary temperature was obtained. The optimum polymer concentration is 1200mg/L, the polymer crosslinker proportion is 1:1.1, the best reinforcer concentration is 400mg/L and the concentration of the stabilizer is 150mg/L. The crosslinking time is 31h, the gel viscosity is above 2100mPa·s. The gel did not shrink and no water separation was observed at 70°C for 150 days. The viscosity retention rate was more than 70%.

Hydrothermal synthesis of Bi2WO6 and photocatalytic reduction of aqueous Cr(VI) under visible light irradiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jing; Shi, Qingzhu; Chen, Yan; Song, Ming

2017-12-01

Bi2WO6 was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method using different inorganic acid or alkali varied pH of the solution at 180℃ for 12 h, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, FESEM and photocurrent. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of Bi2WO6 was investigated in the reduction of aqueous Cr(VI) under visible light (λ > 420 nm) irradiation. As a result, assynthesized Bi2WO6 was an orthorhombic phase, and well-crystallized with 3D hierarchical structure constructed by arranged 2D layers of nanoplates. All the as-synthesized Bi2WO6 exhibited the visible light photocatalytic activities on aqueous Cr(VI), and Bi2WO6-(2) exhibited the highest photocatalytic reduction efficiency based on much higher separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes.

Removal combined with reduction of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by Fe-ethylene glycol complex microspheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yong-Xing; Jia, Yong

2016-12-01

Three-dimensional Fe-ethylene glycol (Fe-EG) complex microspheres were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method, and were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The adsorption as well as reduction properties of the obtained Fe-EG complex microspheres towards Cr(VI) ions were studied. The experiment data of adsorption kinetic and isotherm were fitted by nonlinear regression approach. In neutral condition, the maximum adsorption capacity was 49.78 mg g-1 at room temperature, and was increased with the increasing of temperature. Thermodynamic parameters including the Gibbs free energy, standard enthalpy and standard entropy revealed that adsorption of Cr(VI) was a feasible, spontaneous and endothermic process. Spectroscopic analysis revealed the adsorption of Cr(VI) was a physical adsorption process. The adsorbed CrO42- ions were partly reduced to Cr(OH)3 by Fe(II) ions and the organic groups in the Fe-EG complex.

KSC-06pd0489

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew at NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, an "astronaut" exits the orbiter mockup. Emergency rescue personnel are behind. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0501

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - During a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew at NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, emergency rescue personnel carry an "injured astronaut" to a waiting helicopter. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0496

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew at NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, emergency rescue personnel place an "injured astronaut" into a rescue vehicle. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0486

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Equipment is in place at NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility for a simulated emergency rescue of a shuttle crew after landing. At center is the orbiter mockup. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0491

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew at NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, emergency rescue personnel place an "injured astronaut" onto a stretcher. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0500

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - During a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew at NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, emergency rescue personnel carry an "injured astronaut" to a waiting helicopter. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0490

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew at NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, emergency rescue personnel aid an "astronaut" who just left the orbiter mockup. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0513

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, emergency personnel tends to an "injured astronaut" inside a rescue vehicle during a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

Halloysite nanotubule clay for efficient water purification.

PubMed

Zhao, Yafei; Abdullayev, Elshad; Vasiliev, Alexandre; Lvov, Yuri

2013-09-15

Halloysite clay has chemical structure similar to kaolinite but it is rolled in tubes with diameter of 50 nm and length of ca. 1000 nm. Halloysite exhibits higher adsorption capacity for both cationic and anionic dyes because it has negative SiO2 outermost and positive Al2O3 inner lumen surface; therefore, these clay nanotubes have efficient bivalent adsorbancy. An adsorption study using cationic Rhodamine 6G and anionic Chrome azurol S has shown approximately two times better dye removal for halloysite as compared to kaolin. Halloysite filters have been effectively regenerated up to 50 times by burning the adsorbed dyes. Overall removal efficiency of anionic Chrome azurol S exceeded 99.9% for 5th regeneration cycle of halloysite. Chrome azurol S adsorption capacity decreases with the increase of ionic strength, temperature and pH. For cationic Rhodamine 6G, higher ionic strength, temperature and initial solution concentration were favorable to enhanced adsorption with optimal pH 8. The equilibrium adsorption data were described by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

24 CFR 585.502 - Certifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR COMMUNITY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES YOUTHBUILD PROGRAM Applicability of Other Federal Requirements § 585.502... Housing Act, title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and...

24 CFR 585.502 - Certifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR COMMUNITY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES YOUTHBUILD PROGRAM Applicability of Other Federal Requirements § 585.502... Housing Act, title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and...

42 CFR 494.110 - Condition: Quality assessment and performance improvement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... improvement. 494.110 Section 494.110 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF... RENAL DISEASE FACILITIES Patient Care § 494.110 Condition: Quality assessment and performance... renal bone disease. (iv) Anemia management. (v) Vascular access. (vi) Medical injuries and medical...

42 CFR 494.110 - Condition: Quality assessment and performance improvement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... improvement. 494.110 Section 494.110 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF... RENAL DISEASE FACILITIES Patient Care § 494.110 Condition: Quality assessment and performance... renal bone disease. (iv) Anemia management. (v) Vascular access. (vi) Medical injuries and medical...

42 CFR 494.110 - Condition: Quality assessment and performance improvement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... improvement. 494.110 Section 494.110 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF... RENAL DISEASE FACILITIES Patient Care § 494.110 Condition: Quality assessment and performance... renal bone disease. (iv) Anemia management. (v) Vascular access. (vi) Medical injuries and medical...

15 CFR Appendix A to Part 4 - Freedom of Information Public Inspection Facilities, and Addresses for Requests for Records Under...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., Room 1856, 915 Second Avenue, Seattle WA 98174; (206) 220-7701. (vi) Austin Regional Office, EDA, U.S. Department of Commerce, 327 Congress Avenue, Suite 200, Austin, Texas 78701; (512) 381-8169. (6...

Facile functionalized of SBA-15 via a biomimetic coating and its application in efficient removal of uranium ions from aqueous solution.

PubMed

Gao, Jun-Kai; Hou, Li-An; Zhang, Guang-Hui; Gu, Ping

2015-04-09

A novel dopamine-functionalized mesoporous silica (DMS), synthesized by grafting dopamine onto a mesoporous molecular sieve (SBA-15), was developed as a sorbent to extract U(VI) from aqueous solution. The method used to modify SBA-15 was simple, facile and cost-effective. The DMS was characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD and BET, showing that the material had an ordered mesoporous structure and a large surface area. The effect of contact time, pH, ionic strength, temperature, and solid-liquid ratio on the sorption process was investigated. It was demonstrated that the adsorption of U(VI) by DMS was fast and that it can be described by the pseudo-second order-equation where the equilibrium time was 20 min. Additionally, the adsorption isotherm data were fitted well by the Langmuir model with the maximum adsorption capacity of DMS of 196 mg/g at pH 6.0. Furthermore, the influence of the K(+) and Na(+) concentrations and solid-to-liquid ratio on the sorption was very weak, and the values of the thermodynamic parameters revealed that the sorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. All the results suggested that the DMS could be used as an excellent adsorbent to remove U(VI) from aqueous solution. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Effect of the Concentration of Oxidant, Cr(VI), on the Iron Oxidation in Saline Water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahn, H.; Jo, H. Y.; Ryu, J. H.; Koh, Y. K.

2014-12-01

Deep geological disposal is currently considered as the most appropriate method to isolate high level radioactive wastes (HLRWs) from the ecosystem. If groundwater seeps into underground disposal facilities, water molecules can be dissociated to radicals or peroxides, which can oxidize metal canisters and HLRWs. The oxidized radionuclides with a high solubility can be dissolved in the groundwater. Some dissolved radionuclides can act as oxidants. The continuous radiolysis of water molecules, which results from continuous seepage of groundwater, can enable the continuous production of the radioactive oxidants, resulting in an increase in concentration of oxidants. In this study, the effect of oxidant concentration on iron oxidation in the presence of salt was evaluated. Zero valent iron (ZVI) particles were reacted with Cr(VI) solutions with initial Cr(VI) concentrations ranged from 50 to 300 mg/L in reactors. The initial pH and NaCl concentration were fixed at 3 and 0.5 M, respectively. An increase in the initial Cr(VI) concentration caused an increase in the rate and extend of H2 gas production. The decrement of Cr(VI) was increased as the initial Cr(VI) concentration was increased. The penetration of H+ ions in the presence Cl- ions through the passive film on the ZVI particles caused the reaction between H+ ions and ZVI particles, producing H2 gas and Fe2+ ions. The passive film was damaged during the reaction due to the eruption of H2 gas or peptization by Cl- ions. The Fe2+ ions were reacted with Cr(VI) ions in the solution, producing Fe(III)-Cr(III) (oxy)hydroxides on the passive film of ZVI particles or in the solution as colloidal particles. The Fe(III)-Cr(III) (oxy)hydroxides tends to be precipitated as colloidal particles at a high Cr(VI) concentration and precipitated on the passive film at a low Cr(VI) concentration. The passive film was repaired or thickened by additional formation of Fe(III)-Cr(III) (oxy)hydroxides at a lower Cr(VI) concentration.

REACH Compliant Hexavalent Chrome Replacement for Corrosion Protection (HITEA)

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-11-01

3 The Role of the AAD and Materials KTNs • A joint AAD and Materials KTN workshop in 2011 resulted in: - Definition of the hexavalent chromium ...Alloy Nimonic alloy Hard chrome plating x x x TiN x x CrN x x DLC x WC/C x x x PEO x x Co-P x x x x x x Trivalent Cr x x x x x x Filled ENP x x 8...aims to establish a fast, inexpensive and robust testing methodology for selecting the most promising chromium -free alternatives. • Creation of a

Tissue Photolithography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wade, Lawrence A.; Kartalov, Emil; Shibata, Darryl; Taylor, Clive

2011-01-01

Tissue lithography will enable physicians and researchers to obtain macromolecules with high purity (greater than 90 percent) from desired cells in conventionally processed, clinical tissues by simply annotating the desired cells on a computer screen. After identifying the desired cells, a suitable lithography mask will be generated to protect the contents of the desired cells while allowing destruction of all undesired cells by irradiation with ultraviolet light. The DNA from the protected cells can be used in a number of downstream applications including DNA sequencing. The purity (i.e., macromolecules isolated form specific cell types) of such specimens will greatly enhance the value and information of downstream applications. In this method, the specific cells are isolated on a microscope slide using photolithography, which will be faster, more specific, and less expensive than current methods. It relies on the fact that many biological molecules such as DNA are photosensitive and can be destroyed by ultraviolet irradiation. Therefore, it is possible to protect the contents of desired cells, yet destroy undesired cells. This approach leverages the technologies of the microelectronics industry, which can make features smaller than 1 micrometer with photolithography. A variety of ways has been created to achieve identification of the desired cell, and also to designate the other cells for destruction. This can be accomplished through chrome masks, direct laser writing, and also active masking using dynamic arrays. Image recognition is envisioned as one method for identifying cell nuclei and cell membranes. The pathologist can identify the cells of interest using a microscopic computerized image of the slide, and appropriate custom software. In one of the approaches described in this work, the software converts the selection into a digital mask that can be fed into a direct laser writer, e.g. the Heidelberg DWL66. Such a machine uses a metalized glass plate (with chrome metallization) on which there is a thin layer of photoresist. The laser transfers the digital mask onto the photoresist by direct writing, with typical best resolution of 2 micrometers. The plate is then developed to remove the exposed photoresist, which leaves the exposed areas susceptible to chemical chrome etch. The etch removes the unprotected chrome. The rest of the photoresist is then removed, by either ultraviolet organic solvent or over-development. The remaining chrome pattern is quickly oxidized by atmospheric exposure (typically within 30 seconds). The ready chrome mask is now applied to the tissue slide and aligned manually, or using automatic software and pre-designed alignment marks. The slide plate sandwich is then exposed to UV to destroy the DNA of the unwanted cells. The slide and plate are separated and the slide is processed in a standard way to prepare for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and potential identification of cancer sequences.

Results From Phase-1 and Phase-2 GOLD Experiments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, K.; Jeganathan, M.; Lesh, J. R.; James, J.; Xu, G.

1997-01-01

The Ground/Orbiter Lasercomm Demonstration conducted between the Japanese Engineering Test Satellite (ETS-VI) and the ground station at JPL's Table Mountain Facility, Wrightwood, California, was the rst ground-to-space two-way optical communications experiment. Experiment objectives included validating the performance predictions of the optical link. Atmospheric attenuation and seeing measurements were made during the experiment, and data were analyzed. Downlink telemetry data recovered over the course of the experiment provided information on in-orbit performance of the ETS-VI's laser communications equipment. Biterror rates as low as 10 4 were measured on the uplink and 10 5 on the downlink. Measured signal powers agreed well with theoretical predictions.

Preliminary Results, Analysis, and Overview of Part-1 of the GOLD Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, K. E.; Jeganathan, M.

1996-01-01

The Ground/Orbiter Lasercomm Demonstration (GOLD) is an optical communications demonstraton between the Japanese Engineering Test Satellite (ETS-VI) and an optical ground transmitting and receiving station at the Table Mountain Facility. GOLD was an experiment that demonstrated real-time international collaboration.

48 CFR 27.409 - Solicitation provisions and contract clauses

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... business innovation research contract (see paragraph (h) of this section); (iv) To be performed outside the... work (see paragraph (i)(2) of this section); (vi) For the management, operation, design, or... those for the management or operation of Government facilities, and contracts and subcontracts in...

42 CFR 456.380 - Individual written plan of care.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS UTILIZATION CONTROL Utilization Control: Intermediate Care Facilities Plan of Care § 456.380 Individual written plan of care. (a) Before admission to an ICF or before...) Activities; (v) Therapies; (vi) Social services; (vii) Diet; and (viii) Special procedures designed to meet...

42 CFR 456.380 - Individual written plan of care.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS UTILIZATION CONTROL Utilization Control: Intermediate Care Facilities Plan of Care § 456.380 Individual written plan of care. (a) Before admission to an ICF or before...) Activities; (v) Therapies; (vi) Social services; (vii) Diet; and (viii) Special procedures designed to meet...

KSC-06pd0517

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, an emergency rescue worker tends to an "injured astronaut" inside a rescue vehicle. Volunteers and emergency rescue workers are participating in a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/Troy Cryder

KSC-06pd0516

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, emergency rescue personnel gently place an "injured astronaut" onto a stretcher. Volunteers and emergency rescue workers are participating in a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/Troy Cryder

KSC-06pd0519

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, volunteer Charlie Plain poses as an injured astronaut during a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew. Plain is a Public Affairs Web writer. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/Troy Cryder

KSC-06pd0494

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew at NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, emergency rescue personnel tend to an "injured astronaut" on a stretcher at the bottom of the steps to the orbiter mockup. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

In-Service Evaluation of HVOF Coated Main Landing Gear on Navy P-3 Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Devereaux, jon L.; Forrest, Clint

2008-01-01

Due to the environmental and health concerns with Electroplated Hard Chrome (EHC), the Hard Chrome Alternatives Team (HCAT) has been working to provide an alternative wear coating for EHC. The US Navy selected Tungsten-Carbide Cobalt (WC- 17Co) High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) thermal spray coating for this purpose and completed service evaluations on select aircraft components to support the HCAT charter in identifying an alternative wear coating for chrome plating. Other benefits of WC-Co thermal spray coatings over EHC are enhanced corrosion resistance, improved durability, and exceptional wear properties. As part of the HCAT charter and to evaluate HVOF coatings on operational Navy components, the P-3 aircraft was selected for a service evaluation to determine the coating durability as compared to chrome plating. In April 1999, a VP-30 P-3 aircraft was outfitted with a right-hand Main Landing Gear (MLG) shock strut coated with WCCo HYOF thermal spray applied to the piston barrel and four axle journals. The HVOF coating on the piston barrel and axle journals was applied by Southwest United Industries, Inc. This HVOF coated strut assembly has since completed 6,378 landings. Teardown analysis .for this WC-Co HVOF coated MLG asset is significant in assessing the durability of this wear coating in service relative to EHC and to substantiate Life Cycle Cost (LCC) data to support a retrograde transition from EHC to HVOF thermal spray coatings. Findings from this teardown analysis may also benefit future transitions to HVOF thermal spray coatings by identifying enhancements to finishing techniques, mating bearing and liner material improvements, improved seal materials, and improvements in HVOF coating selection.

ViLLaGEs: opto-mechanical design of an on-sky visible-light MEMS-based AO system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grigsby, Bryant; Lockwood, Chris; Baumann, Brian; Gavel, Don; Johnson, Jess; Ammons, S. Mark; Dillon, Daren; Morzinski, Katie; Reinig, Marc; Palmer, Dave; Severson, Scott; Gates, Elinor

2008-07-01

Visible Light Laser Guidestar Experiments (ViLLaGEs) is a new Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based visible-wavelength adaptive optics (AO) testbed on the Nickel 1-meter telescope at Lick Observatory. Closed loop Natural Guide Star (NGS) experiments were successfully carried out during engineering during the fall of 2007. This is a major evolutionary step, signaling the movement of AO technologies into visible light with a MEMS mirror. With on-sky Strehls in I-band of greater than 20% during second light tests, the science possibilities have become evident. Described here is the advanced engineering used in the design and construction of the ViLLaGEs system, comparing it to the LickAO infrared system, and a discussion of Nickel dome infrastructural improvements necessary for this system. A significant portion of the engineering discussion revolves around the sizable effort that went towards eliminating flexure. Then, we detail upgrades to ViLLaGEs to make it a facility class instrument. These upgrades will focus on Nyquist sampling the diffraction limited point spread function during open loop operations, motorization and automation for technician level alignments, adding dithering capabilities and changes for near infrared science.

76 FR 758 - Disapproval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Montana; Revisions to the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-06

... I-VI, codified as ARM 17.8.1601, 17.8.1602, 17.8.1603, 17.8.1604, 17.8.1605, and 17.8.1606....1605, and 17.8.1606 provide, generally, that an owner or operator of an oil and gas well facility for...

34 CFR 100.5 - Illustrative application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 § 100.5 Illustrative application. The following examples will... discrimination prohibited is discrimination on the ground of race, color, or national origin prohibited by title..., recreational, or other facilities of the grantee or other recipient. (b) In a research, training, demonstration...

34 CFR 100.5 - Illustrative application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 § 100.5 Illustrative application. The following examples will... discrimination prohibited is discrimination on the ground of race, color, or national origin prohibited by title..., recreational, or other facilities of the grantee or other recipient. (b) In a research, training, demonstration...

14 CFR 1250.103-4 - Illustrative applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... IN FEDERALLY-ASSISTED PROGRAMS OF NASA-EFFECTUATION OF TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964... institution, the group must have been selected without discrimination. (b) In a research or training grant to..., dormitory, eating, recreational, or other facilities of the grantee or other recipient. (d) In a research or...

34 CFR 100.5 - Illustrative application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 § 100.5 Illustrative application. The following examples will... discrimination prohibited is discrimination on the ground of race, color, or national origin prohibited by title..., recreational, or other facilities of the grantee or other recipient. (b) In a research, training, demonstration...

14 CFR 1250.103-4 - Illustrative applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... IN FEDERALLY-ASSISTED PROGRAMS OF NASA-EFFECTUATION OF TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964... institution, the group must have been selected without discrimination. (b) In a research or training grant to..., dormitory, eating, recreational, or other facilities of the grantee or other recipient. (d) In a research or...

14 CFR 1250.103-4 - Illustrative applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... IN FEDERALLY-ASSISTED PROGRAMS OF NASA-EFFECTUATION OF TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964... institution, the group must have been selected without discrimination. (b) In a research or training grant to..., dormitory, eating, recreational, or other facilities of the grantee or other recipient. (d) In a research or...

34 CFR 100.5 - Illustrative application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 § 100.5 Illustrative application. The following examples will... discrimination prohibited is discrimination on the ground of race, color, or national origin prohibited by title..., recreational, or other facilities of the grantee or other recipient. (b) In a research, training, demonstration...

14 CFR 1250.103-4 - Illustrative applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... IN FEDERALLY-ASSISTED PROGRAMS OF NASA-EFFECTUATION OF TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964... institution, the group must have been selected without discrimination. (b) In a research or training grant to..., dormitory, eating, recreational, or other facilities of the grantee or other recipient. (d) In a research or...

34 CFR 100.5 - Illustrative application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 § 100.5 Illustrative application. The following examples will... discrimination prohibited is discrimination on the ground of race, color, or national origin prohibited by title..., recreational, or other facilities of the grantee or other recipient. (b) In a research, training, demonstration...

40 CFR 86.161-00 - Air conditioning environmental test facility ambient requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... heat loading. (1)(i) Acceptable types of radiant energy emitters that may be used for simulating solar... this section. (3) Radiant energy specifications. (i) Simulated solar radiant energy intensity is... time major changes in the solar simulation hardware occur. (vi) The radiant energy intensity...

40 CFR 86.161-00 - Air conditioning environmental test facility ambient requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... heat loading. (1)(i) Acceptable types of radiant energy emitters that may be used for simulating solar... this section. (3) Radiant energy specifications. (i) Simulated solar radiant energy intensity is... time major changes in the solar simulation hardware occur. (vi) The radiant energy intensity...

40 CFR 86.161-00 - Air conditioning environmental test facility ambient requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... heat loading. (1)(i) Acceptable types of radiant energy emitters that may be used for simulating solar... this section. (3) Radiant energy specifications. (i) Simulated solar radiant energy intensity is... time major changes in the solar simulation hardware occur. (vi) The radiant energy intensity...

40 CFR 86.161-00 - Air conditioning environmental test facility ambient requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... heat loading. (1)(i) Acceptable types of radiant energy emitters that may be used for simulating solar... this section. (3) Radiant energy specifications. (i) Simulated solar radiant energy intensity is... time major changes in the solar simulation hardware occur. (vi) The radiant energy intensity...

30 CFR 254.21 - How must I format my response plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) Dispersant use plan. (v) In situ burning plan. (vi) Training and drills. ...? (a) You must divide your response plan for OCS facilities into the sections specified in paragraph (b) of this section and explained in the other sections of this subpart. The plan must have an easily...

30 CFR 254.21 - How must I format my response plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) Dispersant use plan. (v) In situ burning plan. (vi) Training and drills. ...? (a) You must divide your response plan for OCS facilities into the sections specified in paragraph (b) of this section and explained in the other sections of this subpart. The plan must have an easily...

30 CFR 254.21 - How must I format my response plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Dispersant use plan. (v) In situ burning plan. (vi) Training and drills. ...? (a) You must divide your response plan for OCS facilities into the sections specified in paragraph (b) of this section and explained in the other sections of this subpart. The plan must have an easily...

30 CFR 254.21 - How must I format my response plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... plan. (v) In situ burning plan. (vi) Training and drills. ... response plan? (a) You must divide your response plan for OCS facilities into the sections specified in paragraph (b) and explained in the other sections of this subpart. The plan must have an easily found marker...

40 CFR 265.56 - Emergency procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... hazardous surface water run-offs from water or chemical agents used to control fire and heat-induced... injuries, if any; and (vi) The possible hazards to human health, or the environment, outside the facility... quantity of material(s) involved; (5) The extent of injuries, if any; (6) An assessment of actual or...

40 CFR 261.147 - Liability requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... facility subject to financial assurance requirements under § 261.4(a)(24)(vi)(F) of this chapter, or a... financial assurances under this paragraph, the owner or operator shall specify at least one such assurance as “primary” coverage and shall specify other assurance as “excess” coverage. (7) An owner or...

42 CFR 124.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES HEALTH RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT MEDICAL... Consumer Price Index for medical care. (e) Facility means an entity that received assistance under title VI... (42 U.S.C. 2641, et seq.); the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 3121, et...

Long-term stability of FeSO4 and H2SO4 treated chromite ore processing residue (COPR): Importance of H+ and SO42.

PubMed

Wang, Xin; Zhang, Jingdong; Wang, Linling; Chen, Jing; Hou, Huijie; Yang, Jiakuan; Lu, Xiaohua

2017-01-05

In this study, the long-term stability of Cr(VI) in the FeSO 4 and H 2 SO 4 (FeSO 4 -H 2 SO 4 ) treated chromite ore processing residue (COPR) after 400 curing days and the stabilization mechanisms were investigated. FeSO 4 -H 2 SO 4 treatment significantly reduced toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) Cr(VI) concentrations to lower than the regulatory limit of 1.5mgL -1 (HJ/T 301-2007, China EPA) even for the samples curing 400days, achieving an outstanding long-term stability. Our independent leaching tests revealed that H + and SO 4 2- have synergistic effect on promoting the release of Cr(VI), which would make Cr(VI) easier accessed by Fe(II) during stabilization. The contributions of H + and SO 4 2- to Cr(VI) release ratio were 25%-44% and 19%-38%, respectively, as 5mol H 2 SO 4 per kg COPR was used. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and alkaline digestion analyses were also employed to interpret the possible stabilization mechanism. Cr(VI) released from COPR solid was reduced to Cr(III) by Fe(II), and then formed stable Fe x Cr (1-x) (OH) 3 precipitate. This study provides a facile and reliable scheme for COPR stabilization, and verifies the excellent long-term stability of the FeSO 4 -H 2 SO 4 treated COPR. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chrome-tanned leather shavings as a filler of butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber.

PubMed

Przepiórkowska, A; Chrońska, K; Zaborski, M

2007-03-06

The noxious wastes from the tanning industry such as chrome-tanned leather shavings were used as the only filler of rubber mixes containing carboxylated butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber (XNBR) or butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber (NBR), and a dispersing agent Limanol PEV (Schill & Seilacher). The best form addition of leather powder to the rubber mixes is mixed the waste protein with zinc oxide. The leather powder added to the rubber mixes improves the mechanical properties: tensile strength (T(s)), elongation at break (epsilon(b)) and increase the cross-linking density of carboxylated XNBR and NBR rubber mixes. Satisfactory results of these studies are presented in this work.

No allergic reaction after TKA in a chrome-cobalt-nickel-sensitive patient: case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Thienpont, Emmanuel; Berger, Yorick

2013-03-01

Hypersensitivity to metallic implants remains relatively unpredictable and poorly understood. Although 20-25 % of total joint arthroplasty patients develop metal sensitivity, only a few highly susceptible persons (<1 %) exhibit symptoms. We present a case report of a fifty-two-year-old woman with a preoperatively documented metal allergy who underwent bilateral total knee arthroplasty using a titanium-niobium-coated implant on one side and a chrome-cobalt implant on the other side because of a logistics problem. At 2-year follow-up, no clinical symptoms of allergy or loosening of the implant were observed. Level of evidence IV.

A demonstration of NIOSH push-pull ventilation criteria.

PubMed

Klein, M K

1987-03-01

This paper summarizes the results of a study performed on an actual chrome plating tank in order to validate criteria for push-pull ventilation systems developed by Huebener and Hughes at NIOSH. Validation of the criteria was made by taking area industrial hygiene samples for hexavalent and total chrome at ten locations around the plating tank. The sampling was performed during actual production runs or while the tank was operating with a dummy load. The sampling data are summarized. The data show that the push-pull system, operating at Huebener's criteria, could control emissions to below the current standards and guidelines. Conclusions and recommendations are included.

NASA TEERM Hexavalent Chrome Alternatives Projects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kessel, Kurt R.; Rothgeb, Matthew

2011-01-01

The overall objective of the Hex Chrome Free Coatings for Electronics project is to evaluate and test pretreatment coating systems not containing hexavalent chrome in avionics and electronics housing applications. This objective will be accomplished by testing strong performing coating systems from prior NASA and DoD testing or new coating systems as determined by the stakeholders. The technical stakeholders have agreed that this protocol will focus specifically on Class 3 coatings. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), depots, and support contractors have to be prepared to deal with an electronics supply chain that increasingly provides parts with lead-free finishes, some labeled no differently and intermingled with their SnPb counterparts. Allowance of lead-free components presents one of the greatest risks to the reliability of military and aerospace electronics. The introduction of components with lead-free terminations, termination finishes, or circuit boards presents a host of concerns to customers, suppliers, and maintainers of aerospace and military electronic systems such as: 1. Electrical shorting due to tin whiskers 2. Incompatibility of lead-free processes and parameters (including higher melting points of lead-free alloys) with other materials in the system 3. Unknown material properties and incompatibilities that could reduce solder joint reliability

The effect of chrome adhesion layer on quartz resonator aging.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wessendorf, Kurt O.; Ohlhausen, James Anthony

2011-03-01

This SAND report documents a late start LDRD designed to determine the possible aging effects of a quartz resonator gold adhesion layer. Sandia uses quartz resonators for applications. These applications require a very stable frequency source with excellent aging (low drift) characteristics. These parts are manufactured by one of our qualified vendors outside Sandia Laboratories, Statek Corp. Over the years we, Sandia and the vendor, have seen aging variations that have not been completely explained by the typical mechanisms known in the industry. One theory was that the resonator metallization may be contributing to the resonator aging. This LDRD wouldmore » allow us to test and analyze a group of resonators with known differentiating metallization and via accelerated aging determine if a chrome adhesion layer used to accept the final gold plating may contribute to poor aging. We worked with our main vendor to design and manufacture a set of quartz resonators with a wide range of metallization thickness ratios between the chrome and gold that will allow us determine the cause of this aging and which plating thickness ratios provide the best aging performance while not degrading other key characteristics.« less

Kinetic model of the thermal pyrolysis of chrome tanned leather treated with NaOH under different conditions using thermogravimetric analysis.

PubMed

Bañón, E; Marcilla, A; García, A N; Martínez, P; León, M

2016-02-01

The thermal decomposition of chrome tanned leather before and after a soaking treatment with NaOH was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of the solution concentration (0.2M and 0.5M) and the soaking time (5min and 15min) was evaluated. TGA experiments at four heating rates (5, 10, 15 and 20°Cmin(-1)) were run in a nitrogen atmosphere for every treatment condition. A kinetic model was developed considering the effect of the three variables studied, i.e.: the NaOH solution concentration, the soaking time and the heating rate. The proposed model for chrome tanned leather pyrolysis involves a set of four reactions, i.e.: three independent nth order reactions, yielding the corresponding products and one of them undergoing a successive cero order reaction. The model was successfully applied simultaneously to all the experimental data obtained. The evaluation of the kinetic parameters obtained (activation energy, pre-exponential factor and reaction order) allowed a better understanding of the effect of the alkali treatment on these wastes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reduction of ETS-VI Laser Communication Equipment Optical-Downlink Telemetry Collected During GOLD

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Toyoshima, M.; Araki, K.; Arimoto, Y.; Toyoda, M.; Jeganathan, M.; Wilson, K.; Lesh, J. R.

1997-01-01

Free-space laser communications experiments were conducted between the laser communication equipment (LCE) on board the Japanese Engineering Test Satellite VI (ETS-VI) and the ground station located at the Table Mountain Facility (TMF) during late 1995 and early 1996. This article describes the on-line data reduction process used to decode LCE telemetry (called E2) downlinked on the optical carrier during the Ground/Orbiter Lasercomm Demonstration (GOLD) experiments. The LCE has the capability of transmitting real-time sensor and status information at 128 kbps by modulating the onboard diode laser. The optical downlink was detected on the ground, bit synchronized, and the resulting data stream stored on a data recorder. The recorded data were subsequently decoded by on-line data processing that included cross-correlation of the known telemetry data format and the downlink data stream. Signals obtained from the processing can be useful not only in evaluating the characteristics of the LCE but also in understanding uplink and downlink signal quality.

Unique Tuft Test Facility Dramatically Reduces Brush Seal Development Costs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fellenstein, James A.

1997-01-01

Brush seals have been incorporated in the latest turbine engines to reduce leakage and improve efficiency. However, the life of these seals is limited by wear. Studies have shown that optimal sealing characteristics for a brush seal occur before the interference fit between the brush and shaft is excessively worn. Research to develop improved tribopairs (brush and coating) with reduced wear and lower friction has been hindered by the lack of an accurate, low-cost, efficient test methodology. Estimated costs for evaluating a new material combination in an engine company seal test program are on the order of $100,000. To address this need, the NASA Lewis Research Center designed, built, and validated a unique, innovative brush seal tuft tester that slides a single tuft of brush seal wire against a rotating shaft under controlled loads, speeds, and temperatures comparable to those in turbine engines. As an initial screening tool, the brush seal tuft tester can tribologicaly evaluate candidate seal materials for 1/10th the cost of full-scale seal tests. Previous to the development of the brush seal tuft tester facility, most relevant tribological data had been obtained from full-scale seal tests conducted primarily to determine seal leakage characteristics. However, from a tribological point of view, these tests included the confounding effects of varying contact pressures, bristle flaring, high-temperature oxidation, and varying bristle contact angles. These confounding effects are overcome in tuft testing. The interface contact pressures can be either constant or varying depending on the tuft mounting device, and bristle wear can be measured optically with inscribed witness marks. In a recent cooperative program with a U.S. turbine engine manufacturer, five metallic wire candidates were tested against a plasma-sprayed Nichrome-bonded chrome carbide. The wire materials used during this collaboration were either nickel-chrome- or cobaltchrome-based superalloys. These tests corroborated full-scale seal test results and provided insight into previously untested combinations. As the cycle temperature for improved efficiency turbine engines increases, new brush seal materials combinations must be considered. Future brush seal tuft testing will include both metallic and ceramic bristles versus commercial and NASA-developed shaft coatings. The ultimate goal of this work is to expand the current data base so that seal designers can tailor brush seal materials to specific applications.

Effects of hermetic storage on adult Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) acoustic activity patterns and mortality

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Hermetic storage is of interest to farmers and warehouse managers as a method to control insect pests in small storage facilities. To develop improved understanding of effects of hermetic storage on insect pest activity and mortality over time, oxygen levels, acoustic signals, and observations of vi...

33 CFR 155.1040 - Response plan requirements for unmanned tank barges carrying oil as a primary cargo.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the towing vessel crew and facility or fleeting area personnel, if any, to initiate a response and... functional areas and must further include information for key components within each functional area: (i...) Spill response operations; (vi) Planning; (vii) Logistics support; and (viii) Finance. (5) The...

33 CFR 155.1040 - Response plan requirements for unmanned tank barges carrying oil as a primary cargo.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the towing vessel crew and facility or fleeting area personnel, if any, to initiate a response and... functional areas and must further include information for key components within each functional area: (i...) Spill response operations; (vi) Planning; (vii) Logistics support; and (viii) Finance. (5) The...

33 CFR 155.1040 - Response plan requirements for unmanned tank barges carrying oil as a primary cargo.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the towing vessel crew and facility or fleeting area personnel, if any, to initiate a response and... functional areas and must further include information for key components within each functional area: (i...) Spill response operations; (vi) Planning; (vii) Logistics support; and (viii) Finance. (5) The...

33 CFR 155.1040 - Response plan requirements for unmanned tank barges carrying oil as a primary cargo.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the towing vessel crew and facility or fleeting area personnel, if any, to initiate a response and... functional areas and must further include information for key components within each functional area: (i...) Spill response operations; (vi) Planning; (vii) Logistics support; and (viii) Finance. (5) The...

40 CFR 267.56 - What are the required emergency procedures for the emergency coordinator?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., and, if necessary, by chemical analysis. (2) Assess possible hazards to human health or the... explosion which could threaten human health, or the environment, outside the facility, he must report his...) The extent of injuries, if any. (vi) The possible hazards to human health or the environment outside...

14 CFR § 1250.103-4 - Illustrative applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... NONDISCRIMINATION IN FEDERALLY-ASSISTED PROGRAMS OF NASA-EFFECTUATION OF TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964... institution, the group must have been selected without discrimination. (b) In a research or training grant to..., dormitory, eating, recreational, or other facilities of the grantee or other recipient. (d) In a research or...

A multi-period capacitated school location problem with modular equipment and closest assignment considerations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delmelle, Eric M.; Thill, Jean-Claude; Peeters, Dominique; Thomas, Isabelle

2014-07-01

In rapidly growing urban areas, it is deemed vital to expand (or contract) an existing network of public facilities to meet anticipated changes in the level of demand. We present a multi-period capacitated median model for school network facility location planning that minimizes transportation costs, while functional costs are subject to a budget constraint. The proposed Vintage Flexible Capacitated Location Problem (ViFCLP) has the flexibility to account for a minimum school-age closing requirement, while the maximum capacity of each school can be adjusted by the addition of modular units. Non-closest assignments are controlled by the introduction of a parameter penalizing excess travel. The applicability of the ViFCLP is illustrated on a large US school system (Charlotte-Mecklenburg, North Carolina) where high school demand is expected to grow faster with distance to the city center. Higher school capacities and greater penalty on travel impedance parameter reduce the number of non-closest assignments. The proposed model is beneficial to policy makers seeking to improve the provision and efficiency of public services over a multi-period planning horizon.

KSC-06pd0509

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Inside the orbiter mockup at NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, volunteer "astronaut" Charlie Plain, with InDyne Inc., gets settled in a seat with the help of United Space Alliance Insertion Tech Mike Thompson before a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-06pd0515

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, emergency personnel lower an "injured astronaut" on a stretcher down the stairs of the orbiter mockup. Volunteers and emergency rescue workers are participating in a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

KSC-06pd0508

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Inside the orbiter mockup at NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, volunteer "astronaut" Jeremy Garcia, with United Space Alliance (USA), is helped with his launch and entry suit by USA Insertion Tech George Brittingham before a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-06pd0502

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - During a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew at NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, medevac personnel tend to an "injured astronaut" in the helicopter. The astronaut will be taken to an area hospital participating in the simulation. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Incorporation of a PbSe Array Based Spectrograph into EPICS using LabView at the JLab FEL Facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

D. Hardy; S.V. Benson; Michelle D. Shinn

2005-08-21

A real-time spectrograph with a 1Hz update rate was designed and installed at the JLab FEL facility using a Cal Sensors PbSe array and a Roper Scientific SpectraPro 300 monochrometer. This paper describes the implementation of EPICS channel access on a remote PC running LabView with modification of vendor supplied LabView VI's to allow display of FEL light spectra in real-time on a remote workstation. This allows PC based diagnostics to be used in EPICS.

Establishment of Wear Resistant HVOF Coatings for 50CrMo4 Chromium Molybdenum Alloy Steel as an Alternative for Hard Chrome Plating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karuppasamy, S.; Sivan, V.; Natarajan, S.; Kumaresh Babu, S. P.; Duraiselvam, M.; Dhanuskodi, R.

2018-05-01

High cost imported components of seamless steel tube manufacturing plants wear frequently and need replacement to ensure the quality of the product. Hard chrome plating, which is time consuming and hazardous, is conventionally used to restore the original dimension of the worn-out surface of the machine components. High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) thermal spray coatings with NiCrBSi super alloy powder and Cr3C2 NiCr75/25 alloy powder applied on a 50CrMo4 (DIN-1.7228) chromium molybdenum alloy steel, the material of the wear prone machine component, were evaluated for use as an alternative for hard chrome plating in this present work. The coating characteristics are evaluated using abrasive wear test, sliding wear test and microscopic analysis, hardness test, etc. The study results revealed that the HVOF based NiCrBSi and Cr3C2NiCr75/25 coatings have hardness in the range of 800-900 HV0.3, sliding wear rate in the range of 50-60 µm and surface finish around 5 microns. Cr3C2 NiCr75/25 coating is observed to be a better option out of the two coatings evaluated for the selected application.

Characterization of emission factors related to source activity for trichloroethylene degreasing and chrome plating processes.

PubMed

Wadden, R A; Hawkins, J L; Scheff, P A; Franke, J E

1991-09-01

A study at an automotive parts fabrication plant evaluated four metal surface treatment processes during production conditions. The evaluation provides examples of how to estimate process emission factors from activity and air concentration data. The processes were open tank and enclosed tank degreasing with trichloroethylene (TCE), chromium conversion coating, and chromium electroplating. Area concentrations of TCE and chromium (Cr) were monitored for 1-hr periods at three distances from each process. Source activities at each process were recorded during each sampling interval. Emission rates were determined by applying appropriate mass balance models to the concentration patterns around each source. The emission factors obtained from regression analysis of the emission rate and activity data were 16.9 g TCE/basket of parts for the open-top degreaser; 1.0 g TCE/1000 parts for the enclosed degreaser; 1.48-1.64 mg Cr/1000 parts processed in the hot CrO3/HNO3 tank for the chrome conversion coating; and 5.35-9.17 mg Cr/rack of parts for chrome electroplating. The factors were also used to determine the efficiency of collection for the local exhaust systems serving each process. Although the number of observations were limited, these factors may be useful for providing initial estimates of emissions from similar processes in other settings.

Radiation induced graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto chrome-tanned pig skins

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pietrucha, K.; Pȩkala, W.; Kroh, J.

Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto chrome-tanned pig skins was carried out by the irradiation with 60Co ?-rays. The grafted polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) chains were isolated by acid hydrolysis of the collagen backbone in order to characterize the graft copolymers. Proof of grafting was obtained through the detection of amino acid endgroups in the isolated grafts by reaction with ninhydrin. The grafting yield of MMA in aqueous emulsion was found to be higher than that for pure MMA and MMA in acetone. The degree of grafting increases with increasing monomer concentration in emulsion and reaches maximum at radiation dose ca 15 kGy. The yield of grafting is very high - ca 90% of monomer converts into copolymer and only 10% is converted into homopolymer. The present paper reports the physical properties of chrome-tanned pig skins after graft polymerization with MMA in emulsion. Modified leathers are more resistant against water absorption and abrasion in comparison with unmodified ones. They have more uniform structure over the whole surface, greater thickness and stiffness. The results reported seem to indicate that MMA may be used in the production of shoe upper and sole leathers. The mechanism of some of the processes occuring during radiation grafting of MMA in water emulsion on tanned leathers has been also suggested and discussed.

A numerical investigation into the influence of the properties of cobalt chrome cellular structures on the load transfer to the periprosthetic femur following total hip arthroplasty.

PubMed

Hazlehurst, Kevin Brian; Wang, Chang Jiang; Stanford, Mark

2014-04-01

Stress shielding of the periprosthetic femur following total hip arthroplasty is a problem that can promote the premature loosening of femoral stems. In order to reduce the need for revision surgery it is thought that more flexible implant designs need to be considered. In this work, the mechanical properties of laser melted square pore cobalt chrome molybdenum cellular structures have been incorporated into the design of a traditional monoblock femoral stem. The influence of incorporating the properties of cellular structures on the load transfer to the periprosthetic femur was investigated using a three dimensional finite element model. Eleven different stiffness configurations were investigated by using fully porous and functionally graded approaches. This investigation confirms that the periprosthetic stress values depend on the stiffness configuration of the stem. The numerical results showed that stress shielding is reduced in the periprosthetic Gruen zones when the mechanical properties of cobalt chrome molybdenum cellular structures are used. This work identifies that monoblock femoral stems manufactured using a laser melting process, which are designed for reduced stiffness, have the potential to contribute towards reducing stress shielding. Copyright © 2014 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

75 FR 42835 - Medicare Program; Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Prospective Payment System for Federal Fiscal...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-22

... estimated cost of the case exceeds the adjusted outlier threshold. We calculate the adjusted outlier... to 80 percent of the difference between the estimated cost of the case and the outlier threshold. In... Federal Prospective Payment Rates VI. Update to Payments for High-Cost Outliers under the IRF PPS A...

40 CFR 82.24 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements for class II controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... transformation; (v) The date on which the class II controlled substances were imported; (vi) The port of entry.... Customs entry form; (xiv) Dated records documenting the sale or transfer of class II controlled substances... source facility; (vii) The U.S. port of entry for the import, the expected date of shipment and the...

40 CFR 82.24 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements for class II controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... transformation; (v) The date on which the class II controlled substances were imported; (vi) The port of entry.... Customs entry form; (xiv) Dated records documenting the sale or transfer of class II controlled substances... source facility; (vii) The U.S. port of entry for the import, the expected date of shipment and the...

40 CFR 63.11985 - What notifications and reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) for equipment leaks. (3) You must include an identification of the heat exchange systems that are... requirements in this subpart for heat exchange systems.” (iv) “This facility complies with the requirements in... information specified in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) through (vi) of this section for heat exchange systems. (i) The...

40 CFR 63.11985 - What notifications and reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) for equipment leaks. (3) You must include an identification of the heat exchange systems that are... requirements in this subpart for heat exchange systems.” (iv) “This facility complies with the requirements in... information specified in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) through (vi) of this section for heat exchange systems. (i) The...

78 FR 73895 - In the Matter of FMRI, Inc., Muskogee, Oklahoma Facility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-09

... Licensee of good cause. VI. In accordance with 10 CFR 2.202, FMRI must, and any other person adversely... this Order within 20 days of its publication in the Federal Register. Where good cause is shown... of good cause for the extension. The answer may consent to this Order. If the answer includes a...

CONCENTRATION OF TETRACHLOROETHYLENE IN INDOOR AIR AT A FORMER DRY CLEANER FACILITY AS A FUNCTION OF SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION: A CASE STUDY

EPA Science Inventory

A field study was performed to evaluate indoor air concentrations and vapor intrusion (VI) of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and other chlorinated solvents at a commercial retail site in Dallas, TX. The building is approximately 40 years old and once housed a dry cleaning operation. R...

42 CFR 494.120 - Condition: Special purpose renal dialysis facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... section); (iii) Reuse of hemodialyzers at § 494.50 (if reuse is performed); (iv) Patients' rights and posting of patients' rights at § 494.70(a) and § 494.70(c); (v) Laboratory services at § 494.130; (vi... 494.60 (physical environment). (iii) Section 494.70(a) through section 494.70(c) (patient rights). (iv...

42 CFR 494.120 - Condition: Special purpose renal dialysis facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... section); (iii) Reuse of hemodialyzers at § 494.50 (if reuse is performed); (iv) Patients' rights and posting of patients' rights at § 494.70(a) and § 494.70(c); (v) Laboratory services at § 494.130; (vi... 494.60 (physical environment). (iii) Section 494.70(a) through section 494.70(c) (patient rights). (iv...

42 CFR 494.120 - Condition: Special purpose renal dialysis facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... section); (iii) Reuse of hemodialyzers at § 494.50 (if reuse is performed); (iv) Patients' rights and posting of patients' rights at § 494.70(a) and § 494.70(c); (v) Laboratory services at § 494.130; (vi... 494.60 (physical environment). (iii) Section 494.70(a) through section 494.70(c) (patient rights). (iv...

42 CFR 494.120 - Condition: Special purpose renal dialysis facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... section); (iii) Reuse of hemodialyzers at § 494.50 (if reuse is performed); (iv) Patients' rights and posting of patients' rights at § 494.70(a) and § 494.70(c); (v) Laboratory services at § 494.130; (vi... 494.60 (physical environment). (iii) Section 494.70(a) through section 494.70(c) (patient rights). (iv...

Evaluation of TF11 attenuated-PSM mask blanks with DUV laser patterning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xing, Kezhao; Björnberg, Charles; Karlsson, Henrik; Paulsson, Adisa; Beiming, Peter; Vedenpää, Jukka; Walford, Jonathan

2008-05-01

Tightening requirements on resolution, CD uniformity and positional accuracy push the development of improved photomask blanks. One such blank for 45nm node attenuated phase shift masks (att-PSM) provides a thinner chrome film, TF11, with a higher etch rate compared to previous generation NTAR5 att-PSM blanks from the same supplier. FEP-171, a positive chemically amplified resist, is commonly used in mask manufacturing for both e-beam and DUV laser pattern generators. TF11 chrome allows the FEP-171 resist thickness to be decreased at least down to 2000 Å while maintaining sufficient etch resistance, thereby improving photomask CD performance. The lower stress level in TF11 chrome films also reduces the image placement error induced by the material. In this study, TF11 chrome and FEP-171 resist are evaluated with exposures on a 248 nm DUV laser pattern generator, the Sigma7500. Patterning is first characterized for resist thicknesses of 2000 Å to 2600 Å in steps of 100 Å, assessing the minimum feature resolution, CD linearity, isolated-dense CD bias and dose sensitivity. Swing curve analysis shows a minimum near 2200 Å and a maximum near 2500 Å, corresponding closely to the reflectivity measurements provided by the blank supplier. The best overall patterning performance is obtained when operating near the swing maximum. The patterning performance is then studied in more detail with a resist thickness of 2550 Å that corresponds to the reflectivity maximum. This is compared to the results with 2000 Å resist, a standard thickness for e-beam exposures on TF11. The lithographic performance on NTAR5 att-PSM blanks with 3200 Å resist is also included for reference. This evaluation indicates that TF11 blanks with 2550 Å resist provide the best overall mask patterning performance obtained with the Sigma7500, showing a global CD uniformity below 4 nm (3s) and minimum feature resolution below 100 nm.

Enhanced control & sensing for the REMOTEC ANDROS Mk VI robot. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Spelt, P.F.; Harvey, H.W.

1997-08-01

This Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Lockheed Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., and REMOTEC, Inc., explored methods of providing operator feedback for various work actions of the ANDROS Mk VI teleoperated robot. In a hazardous environment, an extremely heavy workload seriously degrades the productivity of teleoperated robot operators. This CRADA involved the addition of computer power to the robot along with a variety of sensors and encoders to provide information about the robot`s performance in and relationship to its environment. Software was developed to integrate the sensor and encoder information and provide control input to the robot. ANDROS Mkmore » VI robots are presently used by numerous electric utilities to perform tasks in reactors where substantial exposure to radiation exists, as well as in a variety of other hazardous environments. Further, this platform has potential for use in a number of environmental restoration tasks, such as site survey and detection of hazardous waste materials. The addition of sensors and encoders serves to make the robot easier to manage and permits tasks to be done more safely and inexpensively (due to time saved in the completion of complex remote tasks). Prior research on the automation of mobile platforms with manipulators at Oak Ridge National Laboratory`s Center for Engineering Systems Advanced Research (CESAR, B&R code KC0401030) Laboratory, a BES-supported facility, indicated that this type of enhancement is effective. This CRADA provided such enhancements to a successful working teleoperated robot for the first time. Performance of this CRADA used the CESAR laboratory facilities and expertise developed under BES funding.« less

NASA and ESA Collaboration on Hexavalent Chrome Alternatives Pretreatments Only Interim Test Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kessel, Kurt R.

2015-01-01

NASA and ESA continue to search for an alternative to hexavalent chromium in coatings applications that meet their performance requirements in corrosion protection, cost, operability, and health and safety, while typically specifying that performance must be equal to or greater than existing systems. The overall objective of the collaborative effort between NASA TEERM and ESA is to test and evaluate coating systems (pretreatments, pretreatments with primer, and pretreatments with primer and topcoat) as replacements for hexavalent chrome coatings in aerospace applications. This objective will be accomplished by testing promising coatings identified from previous NASA, ESA, Department of Defense (DOD), and other project experience. Additionally, several new materials will be analyzed according to ESA-identified specifications.

Nucleotide sequence of Hungarian grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus RNA1.

PubMed Central

Le Gall, O; Candresse, T; Brault, V; Dunez, J

1989-01-01

The nucleotide sequence of the RNA1 of hungarian grapevine chrome mosaic virus, a nepovirus very closely related to tomato black ring virus, has been determined from cDNA clones. It is 7212 nucleotides in length excluding the 3' terminal poly(A) tail and contains a large open reading frame extending from nucleotides 216 to 6971. The presumably encoded polyprotein is 2252 amino acids in length with a molecular weight of 250 kDa. The primary structure of the polyprotein was compared with that of other viral polyproteins, revealing the same general genetic organization as that of other picorna-like viruses (comoviruses, potyviruses and picornaviruses), except that an additional protein is suspected to occupy the N-terminus of the polyprotein. PMID:2798128

Coumarin-modified microporous-mesoporous Zn-MOF-74 showing ultra-high uptake capacity and photo-switched storage/release of U(VI) ions.

PubMed

Zhang, Le; Wang, Lin Lin; Gong, Le Le; Feng, Xue Feng; Luo, Ming Biao; Luo, Feng

2016-07-05

Driven by an energy crisis but consequently puzzled by various environmental problems, uranium, as the basic material of nuclear energy, is now receiving extensive attentions. In contrast to numerous sorbents applied in this field, metal-organic framework (MOFs), as a renovated material platform, has only recently been developed. How to improve the adsorption capacity of MOF materials towards U(VI) ions, as well as taking advantage of the nature of these MOFs to design photo-switched behaviour for photo-triggered storage/release of U(VI) ions are at present urgent problems and great challenges to be solved. Herein, we show a simple and facile method to target the goal. Through coordination-based post-synthetic strategy, microporous- mesoporous Zn-MOF-74 was easily functionalized by grafting coumarin on coordinatively unsaturated Zn(II) centers, yielding a series of coumarin-modified Zn-MOF-74 materials. The obtained samples displayed ultra-high adsorption capacity for U(VI) ions from water at pH value of 4 with maximum adsorption capacities as high as 360 mg/g (the record value in MOFs) and a remarkable photo-switched capability of 50 mg/g at pH value of 4. To the best of knowledge, and in contrast to the well-known photo-switched behaviour towards CO2, dye (propidium iodide), as well as fluorescence observed in MOFs, this is the first study that shows a photo-switched behaviour towards radioactive U(VI) ions in aqueous solution. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Air Force Nuclear Engineering Center Structural Activation and Integrity Evaluation

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-03-01

Vi1 List of Figures Figure Page 1. Inside Piqua Nuclear Power Facility containment building on top of the entombed reactor core ... 5...5. Predicted activity percentage of individual materials in the AFNEC ..... ........................ 21 6. Predicted radioisotope activity percentage...of total radioisotopic inventory within entombment at 20 years after shutdown ......................... 23 iv List of Tables Table Page 1. ORIGEN2

Digital video timing analyzer for the evaluation of PC-based real-time simulation systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, Shawn R.; Crosby, Jay L.; Terry, John E., Jr.

2009-05-01

Due to the rapid acceleration in technology and the drop in costs, the use of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) PC-based hardware and software components for digital and hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulations has increased. However, the increase in PC-based components creates new challenges for HWIL test facilities such as cost-effective hardware and software selection, system configuration and integration, performance testing, and simulation verification/validation. This paper will discuss how the Digital Video Timing Analyzer (DiViTA) installed in the Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) provides quantitative characterization data for PC-based real-time scene generation systems. An overview of the DiViTA is provided followed by details on measurement techniques, applications, and real-world examples of system benefits.

Raman analysis of complex pigment mixtures in 20th century metal knight shields of the Order of the Elephant.

PubMed

Lauridsen, Clara Bratt; Sanyova, Jana; Simonsen, Kim Pilkjær

2015-11-05

The pigment composition of six painted metal knight shields of the Order of the Elephant dating from the second half of the 20th century belonging to the Danish royal collection were studied using Raman microscopy. By focusing a 785 nm laser with a 50× objective on particles in paint cross sections, it was possible to identify the following 20 compounds: hematite, goethite, chrome red/orange, chrome yellow, zinc chrome yellow, carbon black, toluidine red PR3, chlorinated para red PR4, dinitroaniline orange PO5, phthalocyanine blue PB15, indanthrone blue PB60, ultramarine, Prussian blue, lead white, anatase, rutile, calcium carbonate, barium sulphate, gypsum and dolomite. The components were frequently present in complex pigment mixtures. Additional information was obtained by elemental analysis with scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) to identify cobalt blue, zinc white and cadmium red, as well as to indicate the presence of zinc white in some pigment mixtures. The study allowed a comparison between the industrially applied preparation layers and the artistic paint layers applied by the heraldic painter. Differences in the choice of paint and pigment types were observed on the earliest knight shields, demonstrating a general delay of industrial materials into artist paints. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dry etching of chrome for photomasks for 100-nm technology using chemically amplified resist

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mueller, Mark; Komarov, Serguie; Baik, Ki-Ho

2002-07-01

Photo mask etching for the 100nm technology node places new requirements on dry etching processes. As the minimum-size features on the mask, such as assist bars and optical proximity correction (OPC) patterns, shrink down to 100nm, it is necessary to produce etch CD biases of below 20nm in order to reproduce minimum resist features into chrome with good pattern fidelity. In addition, vertical profiles are necessary. In previous generations of photomask technology, footing and sidewall profile slope were tolerated, since this dry etch profile was an improvement from wet etching. However, as feature sizes shrink, it is extremely important to select etch processes which do not generate a foot, because this will affect etch linearity and also limit the smallest etched feature size. Chemically amplified resist (CAR) from TOK is patterned with a 50keV MEBES eXara e-beam writer, allowing for patterning of small features with vertical resist profiles. This resist is developed for raster scan 50 kV e-beam systems. It has high contrast, good coating characteristics, good dry etch selectivity, and high environmental stability. Chrome etch process development has been performed using Design of Experiments to optimize parameters such as sidewall profile, etch CD bias, etch CD linearity for varying sizes of line/space patterns, etch CD linearity for varying sizes of isolated lines and spaces, loading effects, and application to contact etching.

Use of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate adhesive in rat liver induced lesion.

PubMed

Santos, Orlando José dos; Marques, Giancarlo de Souza; Sauaia Filho, Euler Nicolau; Frota, Gustavo Medeiros; Santos, Rayan Haquim Pinheiro; Santos, Rennan Abud Pinheiro

2012-09-01

To evaluate the healing process of rat traumatic liver lesion corrected with the use of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate adhesive, compared to the use of biologically absorbable chromed catgut thread suture. Thirty mail adult rats were divided into two groups (15 per group) according to the used method for liver lesion correction as follows: adhesive group (AG), and catgut group (CG); each group being divided into three subsets of five animals (7th, 14th, and 21st day), respectively, according to post-surgery evaluation. All animals were submitted to homogeneous lesion applying synthetic bonding to AG and using chromed catgut suture to CG for lesion correction. Macroscopic and microscopic parameters of healing processes were evaluated. Both groups of animals showed excellent abdominal wall healing, with no evidence of infection, and no abdominal cavity peritonitis or abscess. The presence of adherence was observed in both groups with no statistically significant difference. As to macroscopic evaluation, there was statistically significant difference with respect to specific factors of clinical inflammation (ischemic inflammation and giant celular inflammatory reaction) between animals evaluated on the 10th day (ischemic necrosis and giant cellular inflammatory reaction) among animals evaluated on the 14th day (A14 versus C14). Applying 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive for correcting rat liver lesion does not change healing process when compared to the use of chromed catgut stitch.

Advanced wastewater treatment simplified through research

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Souther, R.H.

A waste water treatment plant was built based on results of a small-scale pilot plant study, conducted largely in a search for efficiency as well as economy. Results were that 98 percent carbonaceous BOD (BOD/sub C/) and nitrogenous BOD (BOD/sub N/) were removed in a simplified, low-cost, single-stage advanced treatment process surpassing even some of the most sophisticated advanced complex waste treatment methods. The single-stage process treats domestic waste alone or combined with very high amounts of textile, electroplating, chemical, food, and other processing industrial wastewater. The process removed 100 percent of the sulfides above 98 percent of NH/sub 3/-N,more » over 90 percent of COD and phenols; chromium was converted from highly toxic hexavalent CrVI to nearly nontoxic trivalent chrome (CrIII). A pH up to 12 may be tolerated if no free hydroxyl (OH) ions are present. Equalization ponds, primary settling tanks, trickling filters, extra nitrogen removal tanks, carbon columns, and chemical treatment are not required. Color removal is excellent with clear effluent suitable for recycling after chlorination to water supply lakes. The construction cost of the single-stage advanced treatment plant is surprisingly low, about /sup 1///sub 2/ to /sup 1///sub 6/ as much as most conventional ineffective complex plants. This simplified, innovative process developed in independent research at Guilford College is considered by some a breakthrough in waste treatment efficiency and economy. (MU)« less

Effective Adsorption/Reduction of Cr(VI) Oxyanion by Halloysite@Polyaniline Hybrid Nanotubes.

PubMed

Zhou, Tianzhu; Li, Cuiping; Jin, Huiling; Lian, Yangyang; Han, Wenmei

2017-02-22

Halloysite@polyaniline (HA@PANI) hybrid nanotubes are synthesized by the in situ chemical polymerization of aniline on halloysite clay nanotubes. By facilely tuning the dopant acid, pH, and apparent weight proportion for aniline (ANI) and halloysite (HA) nanotubes in the synthesis process, PANI with tuned oxidation state, doping extent, and content are in situ growing on halloysite nanotubes. The reaction system's acidity is tuned by dopant acid, such as HCl, H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 , and H 3 PO 4 . The adsorption result shows the fabricated HA@PANI hybrid nanotubes can effectively adsorb Cr(VI) oxyanion and the adsorption ability changes according to the dopant acid, pH, and apparent weight proportion for ANI and HA in the synthesis process. Among them, the HA@PANI fabricated with HCl as dopant acid tuning the pH at 0.5 and 204% apparent weight proportion for ANI and HA (HP/0.5/204%-HCl) shows the highest adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity is in accordance well with the doping extent of PANI in HA@PANI. Furthermore, when HP/0.5/204%-HCl is redoped with HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 , and H 3 PO 4 , the adsorption capacity declines, implying the dopant acid in the process of redoping exhibits a marked effect on Cr(VI) oxyanion adsorption for the HA@PANI hybrid nanotubes. HP/0.5/204%-HCl and HP/0.5/204%-H 3 PO 4 have demonstrated good regenerability with an above 80% removal ratio after four cycles. Moreover, the HA@PANI adsorbent has better sedimentation ability than that of pure PANI. The adsorption behavior is in good agreement with Langmuir and pseudo second-order equations, indicating the adsorption of HA@PANI for Cr(VI) oxyanion is chemical adsorption. FT-IR and XPS of HA@PANI after Cr(VI) oxyanion adsorption indicate that the doped amine/imine groups (-NH + /═N + - groups) are the main adsorption sites for the removal of Cr(VI) oxyanion by electrostatic adsorption and reduction of the adsorbed Cr (VI) oxyanion to Cr(III) simultaneously.

Fabrication of core-shell Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@MIL-100(Fe) magnetic microspheres for the removal of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, Qingxiang, E-mail: qxyangzz@163.com; Zhao, Qianqian; Ren, ShuangShuang

Facile regeneration of an adsorbent is very important for commercial feasibility. One typical highly porous metal-organic framework (MOF) materials based on MIL-100(Fe) and magnetic iron oxide particles (denoted as MMCs) with diameter about of 350 nm were successfully synthesized. The growth of MIL-100(Fe) shell on the surface of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} was utilized precursor as crystal seed via in-situ step hydrothermal reaction. It is a simple way to obtain well organized core-shell MOF composites, compared to the step-by-step method. MMCs were firstly used to uptake of Cr(VI) anions in aqueous solution. Adsorption experiments were carried out in batch sorption mode investigatingmore » with the factors of contact time (0–1000 min), pH (from 2 to 12), dose of adsorbent (4–25 mg), and initial Cr(VI) concentration (range from 10 to 100 ppm). - Graphical abstract: One typical highly porous metal-organic framework (MOF) materials based on MIL-100(Fe) and magnetic iron oxide particles (denoted as MMCs) were successfully synthesized. Utilizing Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} precursor as crystal seed to grow MIL-100(Fe) shell by in-situ step hydrothermal reaction. It is a simple way to obtain core-shell MOF composites. MMCs could effectively uptake of Cr(VI) anions in aqueous solution. - Highlights: • Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@MIL-100(Fe) composites with core-shell structure were successfully prepared through a simple method. • The influence factors on Cr(VI) adsorption by Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@MIL-100(Fe) were investigated. • Cr(VI) can efficiently adsorbed by Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@MIL-100(Fe) composites from aqueous solution.« less

Chrome-free Samarium-based Protective Coatings for Magnesium Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hou, Legan; Cui, Xiufang; Yang, Yuyun; Lin, Lili; Xiao, Qiang; Jin, Guo

The microstructure of chrome-free samarium-based conversion coating on magnesium alloy was investigated and the corrosion resistance was evaluated as well. The micro-morphology, transverse section, crystal structure and composition of the coating were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results reveal that the morphology of samarium conversion coating is of crack-mud structure. Tiny cracks distribute in the compact coating deposited by samarium oxides. XRD, EDS and XPS results characterize that the coating is made of amorphous and trivalent-samarium oxides. The potentiodynamic polarization curve, EIS and OCP indicate that the samarium conversion coating can improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys.

Quaternized wood as sorbent for hexavalent chromium.

PubMed

Low, K S; Lee, C K; Lee, C Y

2001-01-01

The potential of quaternized wood (QW) chips in removing hexavalent chromium from synthetic solution and chrome waste under both batch and continuous-flow conditions was investigated. Sorption was found to be dependent on pH, metal concentration, and temperature. QW chips provide higher sorption capacity and wider pH range compared with untreated wood chips. The equilibrium data could be fitted into the Langmuir isotherm model, and maximum sorption capacities were calculated to be 27.03 and 25.77 mg/g in synthetic chromate solution and chrome waste, respectively. The presence of sulfate in high concentration appeared to suppress the uptake of chromium by QW chips. Column studies showed that bed depth influenced the breakthrough time greatly whereas flow rate of influent had little effect on its sorption on the column.

Enhanced control and sensing for the REMOTEC ANDROS Mk VI robot. CRADA final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Spelt, P.F.; Harvey, H.W.

1998-08-01

This Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc., and REMOTEC, Inc., explored methods of providing operator feedback for various work actions of the ANDROS Mk VI teleoperated robot. In a hazardous environment, an extremely heavy workload seriously degrades the productivity of teleoperated robot operators. This CRADA involved the addition of computer power to the robot along with a variety of sensors and encoders to provide information about the robot`s performance in and relationship to its environment. Software was developed to integrate the sensor and encoder information and provide control input to the robot. ANDROS Mkmore » VI robots are presently used by numerous electric utilities to perform tasks in reactors where substantial exposure to radiation exists, as well as in a variety of other hazardous environments. Further, this platform has potential for use in a number of environmental restoration tasks, such as site survey and detection of hazardous waste materials. The addition of sensors and encoders serves to make the robot easier to manage and permits tasks to be done more safely and inexpensively (due to time saved in the completion of complex remote tasks). Prior research on the automation of mobile platforms with manipulators at Oak Ridge National Laboratory`s Center for Engineering Systems Advanced Research (CESAR, B&R code KC0401030) Laboratory, a BES-supported facility, indicated that this type of enhancement is effective. This CRADA provided such enhancements to a successful working teleoperated robot for the first time. Performance of this CRADA used the CESAR laboratory facilities and expertise developed under BES funding.« less

Constructing a resilience index for the Enhanced Critical Infrastructure Protection Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fisher, R. E.; Bassett, G. W.; Buehring, W. A.

2010-10-14

Following recommendations made in Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7, which established a national policy for the identification and increased protection of critical infrastructure and key resources (CIKR) by Federal departments and agencies, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in 2006 developed the Enhanced Critical Infrastructure Protection (ECIP) program. The ECIP program aimed to provide a closer partnership with state, regional, territorial, local, and tribal authorities in fulfilling the national objective to improve CIKR protection. The program was specifically designed to identify protective measures currently in place in CIKR and to inform facility owners/operators of the benefits of new protectivemore » measures. The ECIP program also sought to enhance existing relationships between DHS and owners/operators of CIKR and to build relationships where none existed (DHS 2008; DHS 2009). In 2009, DHS and its protective security advisors (PSAs) began assessing CIKR assets using the ECIP program and ultimately produced individual protective measure and vulnerability values through the protective measure and vulnerability indices (PMI/VI). The PMI/VI assess the protective measures posture of individual facilities at their 'weakest link,' allowing for a detailed analysis of the most vulnerable aspects of the facilities (Schneier 2003), while maintaining the ability to produce an overall protective measures picture. The PMI has six main components (physical security, security management, security force, information sharing, protective measures assessments, and dependencies) and focuses on actions taken by a facility to prevent or deter the occurrence of an incident (Argonne National Laboratory 2009). As CIKR continue to be assessed using the PMI/VI and owners/operators better understand how they can prevent or deter incidents, academic research, practitioner emphasis, and public policy formation have increasingly focused on resilience as a necessary component of the risk management framework and infrastructure protection. This shift in focus toward resilience complements the analysis of protective measures by taking into account the three other phases of risk management: mitigation, response, and recovery (Figure 1). Thus, the addition of a robust resilience index (RI) to the established PMI/VI provides vital information to owners/operators throughout the risk management process. Combining a pre-incident focus with a better understanding of resilience, as well as potential consequences from damaged CIKR, allows owners/operators to better understand different ways to decrease risk by (1) increasing physical security measures to prevent an incident, (2) supplementing redundancy to mitigate the effects of an incident, and (3) enhancing emergency action and business continuity planning to increase the effectiveness of recovery procedures. Information provided by the RI methodology is also used by facility owners/operators to better understand how their facilities compare to similar sector/subsector sites and to help them make risk-based decisions. This report provides an overview of the RI methodology developed to estimate resilience and provide resilience comparisons for sectors and subsectors. The information will be used to (1) assist DHS in analyzing existing response and recovery methods and programs at facilities and (2) identify potential ways to increase resilience. The RI methodology is based on principles of Appreciative Inquiry, which is 'the coevolutionary search for the best in people, their organizations, and the relevant world around them' (Cooperrider et al. 2005). Appreciative Inquiry identifies the best of 'what is' and helps to envision 'what might be.' The ECIP program and the RI represent a new model (using Appreciative Inquiry principles) for information sharing between government and industry (Fisher and Petit 2010). A 'dashboard' display, which provides an interactive tool - rather than a static report, presents the results of the RI in a convenient format. Additional resilience measures can be modeled to illustrate how such actions would impact the asset's RI value.« less

Substance use -- inhalants

MedlinePlus

... blast, bold, chroming, discorama, glad, hippie crack, moon gas, oz, poor man's pot, rush, snappers, whippets, and ... computer cleaning spray, freon , helium, nitrous oxide (laughing gas), which is found in whipped cream containers, and ...

20 CFR 416.994a - How we will determine whether your disability continues or ends, and whether you are and have...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... which we mail you a notice saying that the information we have shows that you are not disabled; (3) The... location of an institution or facility or place where treatment, services, or resources could be provided... another insurer or source; and (vi) The availability of local community resources (e.g., clinics...

20 CFR 416.994a - How we will determine whether your disability continues or ends, and whether you are and have...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... which we mail you a notice saying that the information we have shows that you are not disabled; (3) The... location of an institution or facility or place where treatment, services, or resources could be provided... another insurer or source; and (vi) The availability of local community resources (e.g., clinics...

20 CFR 416.994a - How we will determine whether your disability continues or ends, and whether you are and have...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... which we mail you a notice saying that the information we have shows that you are not disabled; (3) The... location of an institution or facility or place where treatment, services, or resources could be provided... another insurer or source; and (vi) The availability of local community resources (e.g., clinics...

20 CFR 416.994a - How we will determine whether your disability continues or ends, and whether you are and have...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... which we mail you a notice saying that the information we have shows that you are not disabled; (3) The... location of an institution or facility or place where treatment, services, or resources could be provided... another insurer or source; and (vi) The availability of local community resources (e.g., clinics...

49 CFR 1.25a - Redelegations by the Under Secretary of Transportation for Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... facilities. (vi) Section 11 of the Clayton Act, Public Law 63-212 [15 U.S.C. 21], relating to air carriers... section 101(a)(2) of the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act, Public Law 107-42 [49 U.S... National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, Public Law 91-190, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4321-4347) within the...

49 CFR 1.25a - Redelegations by the Under Secretary of Transportation for Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... facilities. (vi) Section 11 of the Clayton Act, Public Law 63-212 [15 U.S.C. 21], relating to air carriers... section 101(a)(2) of the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act, Public Law 107-42 [49 U.S... National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, Public Law 91-190, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4321-4347) within the...

49 CFR 1.25a - Redelegations by the Under Secretary of Transportation for Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... facilities. (vi) Section 11 of the Clayton Act, Public Law 63-212 [15 U.S.C. 21], relating to air carriers... section 101(a)(2) of the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act, Public Law 107-42 [49 U.S... National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, Public Law 91-190, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4321-4347) within the...

Synthesis and Characterization of DNase 1-Stabilized Gold Nanoclusters

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-01

Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Victor Rodriguez Santiago for the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We also acknowledge the support of the...a Materials Research Science and Engineering Center Shared Experimental Facility. The authors would also like to thank Michael Sellers and Joshua...Postdoctoral Associateship. vi INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK. 1 1. Introduction The labeling of biological molecules like protein or DNA has been a large

76 FR 66684 - Foreign-Trade Zone 29-Louisville, KY, Application for Subzone; North American Stainless...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-27

...) include: fluorospar, molybdenum oxide, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferrosilicon manganese, charge chrome... spent anodes, nickel, unwrought nickel alloys, aluminum, zinc, zinc alloys, manganese metal, titanium...

Influence of third-body particles originating from bone void fillers on the wear of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene

PubMed Central

Cowie, Raelene M; Carbone, Silvia; Aiken, Sean; Cooper, John J; Jennings, Louise M

2016-01-01

Calcium sulfate bone void fillers are increasingly being used for dead space management in infected arthroplasty revision surgery. The presence of these materials as loose beads close to the bearing surfaces of joint replacements gives the potential for them to enter the joint becoming trapped between the articulating surfaces; the resulting damage to cobalt chrome counterfaces and the subsequent wear of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene is unknown. In this study, third-body damage to cobalt chrome counterfaces was simulated using particles of the calcium sulfate bone void fillers Stimulan® (Biocomposites Ltd., Keele, UK) and Osteoset® (Wright Medical Technology, TN, USA) using a bespoke rig. Scratches on the cobalt chrome plates were quantified in terms of their density and mean lip height, and the damage caused by the bone void fillers was compared to that caused by particles of SmartSet GMV PMMA bone cement (DePuy Synthes, IN, USA). The surface damage from Stimulan® was below the resolution of the analysis technique used; SmartSet GMV caused 0.19 scratches/mm with a mean lip height of 0.03 µm; Osteoset® led to a significantly higher number (1.62 scratches/mm) of scratches with a higher mean lip height (0.04 µm). Wear tests of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene were carried out in a six-station multi-axial pin on plate reciprocating rig against the damaged plates and compared to negative (highly polished) and positive control plates damaged with a diamond stylus (2 µm lip height). The wear of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene was shown to be similar against the negative control plates and those damaged with third-body particles; there was a significantly higher (p < 0.001) rate of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene wear against the positive control plates. This study showed that bone void fillers of similar composition can cause varying damage to cobalt chrome counterfaces. However, the lip heights of the scratches were not of sufficient magnitude to increase the wear of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene above that of the negative controls. PMID:27312481

40 CFR 425.80 - Applicability; description of the pigskin subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Pigskin... into finished leather by chemically dissolving or pulping the hair and tanning with chrome, then retan...

Laser-ignited frontal polymerization of shape-controllable poly(VI-co-AM) hydrogels based on 3D templates toward adsorption of heavy metal ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fan, Suzhen; Liu, Sisi; Wang, Xiao-Qiao; Wang, Cai-Feng; Chen, Su

2016-06-01

Given the increasing heavy metal pollution issue, fast preparation of polymeric hydrogels with excellent adsorption property toward heavy metal ions is very attractive. In this work, a series of poly( N-vinylimidazole-co-acrylamide) (poly(VI-co-AM)) hydrogels were synthesized via laser-ignited frontal polymerization (LIFP) for the first time. The dependence of frontal velocity and temperature on two factors monomer ratios and initiator concentrations was systematically investigated. Poly(VI-co-AM) hydrogels with any self-supporting shapes can be synthesized by a one-step LIFP in seconds through the application of 3D templates. These shape-persistent hydrogels are pH-responsive and exhibit excellent adsorption/desorption characteristics toward Mn(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Co(II) ions, and the adsorption conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The reusability of the hydrogels toward mental ions adsorption was further researched, which suggested that the hydrogels can be reused without serious decrease in adsorption capacity. This work might open a promising strategy to facilely prepare shape-controllable hydrogels and expand the application of LIFP.

The feasibility of BRT corridor VI shelters in Semarang City

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Purnomo, Andi; Setiawan, Moch Fathoni

2018-03-01

Like other big cities in Indonesia, Semarang City as the capital of Central Java Province also has various city problems, one of them is the transportation problem. Transportation problems arise due to increased mobility of society that is not in balanced with the public transportation facilities and infrastructure availability. In order to create a better transportation system, the local government of Semarang City held Trans Semarang bus rapid transit (BRT) which began operating in 2010. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of BRT Trans Semarang corridor VI shelters. This research uses descriptive critique technique. The results are expected to be considered in determining the right policy in creating a better transportation system. Based on observations made, the majority of BRT Trans Semarang corridor VI uses non-permanent shelters and is less feasible to be a BRT shelter. Thus, the local government is expected to improve the feasibility of BRT Trans Semarang shelter so that the sense of security and comfort can be obtained by users of BRT. In addition, the local government is also expected to maintain the quality of services provided. These services include ticket service, the condition of buses, speed and waiting time, as well as the placement and condition of shelters.

Cr(VI) reduction and immobilization by novel carbonaceous modified magnetic Fe3O4/halloysite nanohybrid.

PubMed

Tian, Xike; Wang, Weiwei; Tian, Na; Zhou, Chaoxin; Yang, Chao; Komarneni, Sridhar

2016-05-15

In this work, a novel "Dumbbell-like" magnetic Fe3O4/Halloysite nanohybrid (Fe3O4/HNTs@C) with oxygen-containing organic group grafting on the surface of natural halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and homogeneous Fe3O4 nanospheres selectively aggregating at the tips of modified halloysite nanotubes was successfully synthesized. XRD, TEM, IR spectroscopy, XPS and VSM were used to characterize this newly halloysite nanohybrid and its formation mechanism was discussed. Cr(VI) ions adsorption experiments showed that the Fe3O4/halloysite nanohybrid exhibited higher adsorption ability with a maximum adsorption capacity of 132 mg/L at 303K, which is about 100 times higher than that of unmodified halloysite nanotubes. More importantly, with the reduction of Fe3O4 and electron-donor effect of oxygen-containing organic groups, Cr(VI) ions were easily reduced into low toxicity Cr(III) and then adsorbed onto the surface of halloysite nanohybrid. In addition, appreciable magnetization was observed due to the aggregation of magnetite nanoparticles, which make adsorbent facility separated from aqueous solutions after Cr pollution adsorption. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 425.70 - Applicability; description of the shearling subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Shearling... cured sheep or sheep-like skins with the wool or hair retained into finished leather by chrome tanning...

NASA TEERM Principal Center Non-Chrome Projects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rothgeb, Matthew

2008-01-01

Technology Evaluation for Environmental Risk Mitigation (TEERM) Principal Center Mission is to identify and validate environmental technologies through joint activities that enhance mission readiness and reduce risk while minimizing duplication and associated costs.

Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge: 2013 Small Business Award

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge 2013 award winner, Faraday Technology, Inc., process high-performance chrome coatings to be made from the less toxic, trivalent chromium. Reduce millions of pounds hexavalent chromium without comprising performance.

Raman spectroscopy for the identification of pigments and color measurement in Dugès watercolors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frausto-Reyes, C.; Ortiz-Morales, M.; Bujdud-Pérez, J. M.; Magaña-Cota, G. E.; Mejía-Falcón, R.

2009-12-01

Spectroscopic and colorimetric analysis of a representative set of Dugès watercolor paintings was performed. These paintings were the result of scientific studies carried out by the zoologist Alfredo Dugès, who recorded the fauna of the Mexican Republic between 1853 and 1910. Micro-Raman spectroscopy, with an excitation wavelength of 830 nm, and colorimetric techniques were employed in order to understand if different colors with the same hue were reproduced using the same pigments. The color coordinates of the measured areas were obtained in the CIE L* a* b* color space. Raman analysis showed that, in some cases, to reproduce colors with the same hue the pigment employed was not the same. Pigments identified in the watercolors were vermilion, carbon-based black, lead white, gamboge and chrome yellow, Prussian and ultramarine blue. Some of these pigments have been used since ancient times, others as Prussian blue, chrome yellow and synthetic ultramarine blue arrived to the market at the beginning of the 18th and 19th centuries, respectively. Furthermore, regarding the white color, instead of left the paper unpainted, lead white was detected in the eye of a bird. The green color was obtained by mixing Prussian blue with chrome yellow. The results of this work show the suitability of using Raman spectroscopy for watercolor pigment analysis and colorimetric techniques to measure the color of small areas (246 μm × 246 μm) that was the case for the lead white pigment.

U.S. Army War College Key Strategic Issues List

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-07-01

post “operational or strategic event,” compare the pre-event modeled outcome to the post- event ground truth . Considering the elements of PMESII...Personnel Management, and Culture: 1. What is the future of telecommuting in the Army and its implications on performance and productivity? 2. On...requirements. VI. Underground Facilities as a National Security Challenge: 1. The construction and employment of Hard and Deeply Buried Targets (HDBTs

A Custom Data Logger for Real-Time Remote Field Data Collections

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

ERDC/CHL CHETN-VI-46 March 2017 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. A Custom Data Logger for Real- Time Remote Field Data...Field Research Facility (FRF), for remote real- time data collections. This custom data logger is compact and energy efficient but has the same...INTRODUCTION: Real- time data collections offer many advantages: 1. Instrument failures can be rapidly detected and repaired, thereby minimizing

Statistical Bias in Maximum Likelihood Estimators of Item Parameters.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-04-01

34 a> E r’r~e r ,C Ie I# ne,..,.rVi rnd Id.,flfv b1 - bindk numb.r) I; ,t-i i-cd I ’ tiie bias in the maximum likelihood ,st i- i;, ’ t iIeiIrs in...NTC, IL 60088 Psychometric Laboratory University of North Carolina I ERIC Facility-Acquisitions Davie Hall 013A 4833 Rugby Avenue Chapel Hill, NC

Experimental Evaluation of Cold-Sprayed Copper Rotating Bands for Large-Caliber Projectiles

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-01

ABSTRACT A copper rotating band is the munition component responsible for both obturation and transfer of torque from the gun barrel’s rifling to the...munition, thereby causing the projectile to spin. Pure copper, copper alloy, and brass rotating bands are typically fabricated to steel munitions using...Machine Shop for fabrication; and the Transonic Experimental Facility for facilitating the gun -launch experiments. vi INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Navy Water Conservation Guide for Shore Activities.

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-07-01

maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection ofinformation . Sendcomments regarding this burden estimate orany otherospectof...Submittal Packages E-1 vi LIST OF FIGURES 1-1 Flowchart Showing the Requirements of Executive Order 12902 for Water Conservation 2 1-2 Roles of DOE, GSA...subsequent year. has its own unique role in imple- menting water conservation. In the An audit can be considered Navy, the Naval Facilities Engineer- current

40 CFR 425.03 - Sulfide analytical methods and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... sulfide in wastewaters discharged by plants operating in all subcategories except the hair save or pulp... by plants operating in the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory (subpart C...

40 CFR 425.03 - Sulfide analytical methods and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... sulfide in wastewaters discharged by plants operating in all subcategories except the hair save or pulp... by plants operating in the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory (subpart C...

40 CFR 425.03 - Sulfide analytical methods and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... sulfide in wastewaters discharged by plants operating in all subcategories except the hair save or pulp... by plants operating in the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory (subpart C...

40 CFR 63.340 - Applicability and designation of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... subject to this subpart. An example of such a tank is a chrome conversion coating tank where no electrical current is applied. (d) Affected sources in which research and laboratory operations are performed are...

40 CFR 63.340 - Applicability and designation of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... subject to this subpart. An example of such a tank is a chrome conversion coating tank where no electrical current is applied. (d) Affected sources in which research and laboratory operations are performed are...

40 CFR 63.340 - Applicability and designation of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... subject to this subpart. An example of such a tank is a chrome conversion coating tank where no electrical current is applied. (d) Affected sources in which research and laboratory operations are performed are...

Surface Complexation Modeling of U(VI) Adsorption onto Savannah River Site Sediments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dong, W.; Wan, J.; Tokunaga, T. K.; Denham, M.; Davis, J.; Hubbard, S. S.

2011-12-01

The Savannah River Site (SRS) was a U.S. Department of Energy facility for plutonium production during the Cold War. Waste plumes containing low-level radioactivity and acidic waste solutions were discharged to a series of unlined seepage basins in the F-Area of the SRS from 1955 to 1988. Although the site has undergone many years of active remediation, the groundwater remains acidic, and the concentrations of U and other radionuclides are still significantly higher than their Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs). The objective of this effort is to understand and predict U(VI) mobility in acidic waste plumes through developing surface complexation models (SCMs). Laboratory batch experiments were conducted to evaluate U adsorption behavior over the pH range of 3.0 to 9.5. Ten sorbent samples were selected including six contaminated sediment samples from three boreholes drilled within the plume and along the groundwater flow direction, two uncontaminated (pristine) sediment samples from a borehole outside of the plume, and two reference minerals, goethite and kaolinite (identified as the dominant minerals in the clay size fraction of the F-Area sediments). The results show that goethite and kaolinite largely control U partitioning behavior. In comparison with the pristine sediment, U(VI) adsorption onto contaminated sediments exhibits adsorption edges shifted toward lower pH by about 1.0 unit (e.g., from pH≈4.5 to pH≈3.5). We developed a SCMs based component additivity (CA) approach, which can successfully predict U(VI) adsorption onto uncontaminated SRS sediments. However, application of the same SCMs based CA approach to contaminated sediments resulted in underestimates of U(VI) adsorption at acidic pH conditions. The model sensitivity analyses indicate that both goethite and kaolinite surfaces co-contributed to U(VI) adsorption under acidic pH conditions. In particular, the exchange sites of clay minerals might play an important role in adsorption of U(VI) at pH < 5.0. These results suggested that the contaminated sediments might either contain other more reactive clay minerals such as smectite, or that the long-term acid-leaching process might have altered the surface reactivity of the original sediments. Further studies are needed to identify more reactive mineral facies and understand the effects of acid leaching on the surface reactivity of the sediments.

ARM Airborne Carbon Measurements VI (ARM-ACME VI) Field Campaign Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Biraud, Sebastien

2017-05-01

From October 1, 2015 through September 30, 2016, AAF deployed a Cessna 206 aircraft over the Southern Great Plains, collecting observations of trace gas mixing ratios over the ARM/SGP Central Facility. The aircraft payload included two Atmospheric Observing Systems (AOS Inc.) analyzers for continuous measurements of CO2, and a 12-flask sampler for analysis of carbon cycle gases (CO2, CO, CH4, N2O, 13CO2). The aircraft payload also includes solar/infrared radiation measurements. This research (supported by DOE ARM and TES programs) builds upon previous ARM-ACME missions. The goal of these measurements is to improve understanding of: (a) the carbon exchange of themore » ARM region; (b) how CO2 and associated water and energy fluxes influence radiative forcing, convective processes, and CO2 concentrations over the ARM region, and (c) how greenhouse gases are transported on continental scales.« less

ViDI: Virtual Diagnostics Interface. Volume 1; The Future of Wind Tunnel Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fleming, Gary A. (Technical Monitor); Schwartz, Richard J.

2004-01-01

The quality of data acquired in a given test facility ultimately resides within the fidelity and implementation of the instrumentation systems. Over the last decade, the emergence of robust optical techniques has vastly expanded the envelope of measurement possibilities. At the same time the capabilities for data processing, data archiving and data visualization required to extract the highest level of knowledge from these global, on and off body measurement techniques have equally expanded. Yet today, while the instrumentation has matured to the production stage, an optimized solution for gaining knowledge from the gigabytes of data acquired per test (or even per test point) is lacking. A technological void has to be filled in order to possess a mechanism for near-real time knowledge extraction during wind tunnel experiments. Under these auspices, the Virtual Diagnostics Interface, or ViDI, was developed.

Theophylline-assisted, eco-friendly synthesis of PtAu nanospheres at reduced graphene oxide with enhanced catalytic activity towards Cr(VI) reduction.

PubMed

Hu, Ling-Ya; Chen, Li-Xian; Liu, Meng-Ting; Wang, Ai-Jun; Wu, Lan-Ju; Feng, Jiu-Ju

2017-05-01

Theophylline as a naturally alkaloid is commonly employed to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. Herein, a facile theophylline-assisted green approach was firstly developed for synthesis of PtAu nanospheres/reduced graphene oxide (PtAu NSs/rGO), without any surfactant, polymer, or seed involved. The obtained nanocomposites were applied for the catalytic reduction and removal of highly toxic chromium (VI) using formic acid as a model reductant at 50°C, showing the significantly enhanced catalytic activity and improved recyclability when compared with commercial Pt/C (50%) and home-made Au nanocrystals supported rGO (Au NCs/rGO). It demonstrates great potential applications of the catalyst in wastewater treatment and environmental protection. The eco-friendly route provides a new platform to fabricate other catalysts with enhanced catalytic activity. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemistry and Artists' Colors: Part III. Preparation and Properties of Artists' Pigments.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orna, Mary Virginia

1980-01-01

Describes laboratory methods for synthesizing chrome yellow, prussian blue, and phthalalocyanine blue; reviews chemical properties of artists' pigments including chemical structure and light-scattering properties; and explains how pigments are classified. (CS)

30 CFR 50.20-6 - Criteria-MSHA Form 7000-1, Section C.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... as the first day of illness. (i) Code 21—Occupational Skin Diseases or Disorders. Examples: Contact dermatitis, eczema, or rash caused by primary irritants and sensitizers or poisonous plants; oil acne; chrome...

A sharp knife for high temperatures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heisman, R. M.; Iceland, W. F.

1978-01-01

Electrically heated nickel-chrome-steel alloy knife may be used to cut heat resistant plastic felt and similar materials with relative ease. Blade made of commercially available alloy RA 330 retains edge at temperatures as high as 927 C.

Elemental composition of airborne dust in the Shale Shaker House during an offshore drilling operation.

PubMed

Hansen, A B; Larsen, E; Hansen, L V; Lyngsaae, M; Kunze, H

1991-12-01

During 2 days of an offshore drilling operation in the North Sea, 16 airborne dust samples from the atmosphere of the Shale Shaker House were collected onto filters. During this operation, drilling mud composed of a water slurry of barite (BaSO4) together with minor amounts of additives, among them chrome lignosulphonate and chrome lignite, was circulated between the borehole and the Shale Shaker House. The concentration of airborne dust in the atmosphere was determined and the elemental composition of the particles analysed by both PIXE (proton-induced X-ray emission) and ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry). The total amount of dust collected varied from 0.04 to 1.41 mg m-3 with barium (Ba) as the single most abundant element. The open shale shakers turned out to be the major cause of generation of dust from the solid components of the drilling mud.

Enhancing Surface Finish of Additively Manufactured Titanium and Cobalt Chrome Elements Using Laser Based Finishing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gora, Wojciech S.; Tian, Yingtao; Cabo, Aldara Pan; Ardron, Marcus; Maier, Robert R. J.; Prangnell, Philip; Weston, Nicholas J.; Hand, Duncan P.

Additive manufacturing (AM) offers the possibility of creating a complex free form object as a single element, which is not possible using traditional mechanical machining. Unfortunately the typically rough surface finish of additively manufactured parts is unsuitable for many applications. As a result AM parts must be post-processed; typically mechanically machined and/or and polished using either chemical or mechanical techniques (both of which have their limitations). Laser based polishing is based on remelting of a very thin surface layer and it offers potential as a highly repeatable, higher speed process capable of selective area polishing, and without any waste problems (no abrasives or liquids). In this paper an in-depth investigation of CW laser polishing of titanium and cobalt chrome AM elements is presented. The impact of different scanning strategies, laser parameters and initial surface condition on the achieved surface finish is evaluated.

The Evaluation of a Modified Chrome Oxide Based High Temperature Solid Lubricant Coating for Foil Gas Bearings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

DellaCorte, Chris

1998-01-01

This paper describes the friction and wear performance of PS304, a modified chrome oxide based coating, for foil gas bearings. PS304 contains 60 wt% NiCr binder, 20 wt% Cr2O3 hardener, and 10 wt% each Ag, and BaF2/CaF2 lubricants. For evaluation, the coating is plasma spray deposited onto test journals which are slid against a superalloy partial arc foil bearing. The test load was 10 KPa (1.5 psi) and the bearings were run under start/stop cyclic conditions. The data show good wear performance of the bearing, especially at temperatures above 25 deg. C. Bearing friction was moderate (micron approx. or equal to 0.4) over the entire temperature range. Based upon the results obtained, the PS304 coating has promise for high temperature, oil-free turbomachinery applications.

Chromium carcinogenicity: California strategies.

PubMed

Alexeeff, G V; Satin, K; Painter, P; Zeise, L; Popejoy, C; Murchison, G

1989-10-01

Hexavalent chromium was identified by California as a toxic air contaminant (TAC) in January 1986. The California Department of Health Services (CDHS) concurred with the findings of the International Agency for Research on Cancer that there is sufficient evidence to demonstrate the carcinogenicity of chromium in both animals and humans. CDHS did not find any compelling evidence demonstrating the existence of a threshold with respect to chromium carcinogenesis. Experimental data was judged inadequate to assess potential human reproductive risks from ambient exposures. Other health effects were not expected to occur at ambient levels. The theoretically increased lifetime carcinogenic risk from a continuous lifetime exposure to hexavalent chromium fell within the range 12-146 cancer cases per nanogram hexavalent chromium per cubic meter of air per million people exposed, depending on the potency estimate used. The primary sources found to contribute significantly to the risk of exposure were chrome platers, chromic acid anodizing facilities and cooling towers utilizing hexavalent chromium as a corrosion inhibitor. Evaluation of genotoxicity data, animal studies and epidemiological studies indicates that further consideration should be given to the potential carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium via the oral route.

Metal artifact reduction in CT, a phantom study: subjective and objective evaluation of four commercial metal artifact reduction algorithms when used on three different orthopedic metal implants.

PubMed

Bolstad, Kirsten; Flatabø, Silje; Aadnevik, Daniel; Dalehaug, Ingvild; Vetti, Nils

2018-01-01

Background Metal implants may introduce severe artifacts in computed tomography (CT) images. Over the last few years dedicated algorithms have been developed in order to reduce metal artifacts in CT images. Purpose To investigate and compare metal artifact reduction algorithms (MARs) from four different CT vendors when imaging three different orthopedic metal implants. Material and Methods Three clinical metal implants were attached to the leg of an anthropomorphic phantom: cobalt-chrome; stainless steel; and titanium. Four commercial MARs were investigated: SmartMAR (GE); O-MAR (Philips); iMAR (Siemens); and SEMAR (Toshiba). The images were evaluated subjectively by three observers and analyzed objectively by calculating the fraction of pixels with CT number above 500 HU in a region of interest around the metal. The average CT number and image noise were also measured. Results Both subjective evaluation and objective analysis showed that MARs reduced metal artifacts and improved the image quality for CT images containing metal implants of steel and cobalt-chrome. When using MARs on titanium, all MARs introduced new visible artifacts. Conclusion The effect of MARs varied between CT vendors and different metal implants used in orthopedic surgery. Both in subjective evaluation and objective analysis the effect of applying MARs was most obvious on steel and cobalt-chrome implants when using SEMAR from Toshiba followed by SmartMAR from GE. However, MARs may also introduce new image artifacts especially when used on titanium implants. Therefore, it is important to reconstruct all CT images containing metal with and without MARs.

The evaluation of three diagnostic tests for the detection of equine influenza nucleoprotein in nasal swabs.

PubMed

Galvin, Pamela; Gildea, Sarah; Nelly, Maura; Quinlivan, Michelle; Arkins, Sean; Walsh, Cathal; Cullinane, Ann

2014-05-01

Equine influenza (EI) is a highly contagious respiratory disease of horses. The aim of this study was to evaluate two rapid antigen detection kits (Directigen or DFA, and Espline) and a commercial ELISA for the detection of EI nucleoprotein in nasal swabs. Nasal swab samples from naturally and experimentally infected horses were used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of these assays to virus isolation (VI) and real-time RT-PCR. If real-time RT-PCR was considered as the gold standard, the sensitivity of the other tests in field samples was 68% (DFA), 35% (ELISA), 29% (Espline), and 9% (VI). These tests had 100% specificity when compared to real-time RT-PCR. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that decreasing the cutoff of the ELISA would increase sensitivity with some loss of specificity. In samples from experimentally infected horses, the sensitivity of the tests compared with real-time RT-PCR was 69% (VI), 27% (DFA), 6% (Espline), and 2% (ELISA). The specificity was 100% for Espline and ELISA and 95% for VI and DFA. This study illustrated that DFA is the most sensitive antigen detection test evaluated for the diagnosis of EI and that it can detect virus in some subclinical infected and vaccinated horses. The results suggest that DFA is a useful adjunct to laboratory tests and may be effective as a screening test in a quarantine station or similar facility where horses are monitored daily. © 2014 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Policies and practices pertaining to the selection, qualification requirements, and training programs for nuclear-reactor operating personnel at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Culbert, W.H.

1985-10-01

This document describes the policies and practices of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) regarding the selection of and training requirements for reactor operating personnel at the Laboratory's nuclear-reactor facilities. The training programs, both for initial certification and for requalification, are described and provide the guidelines for ensuring that ORNL's research reactors are operated in a safe and reliable manner by qualified personnel. This document gives an overview of the reactor facilities and addresses the various qualifications, training, testing, and requalification requirements stipulated in DOE Order 5480.1A, Chapter VI (Safety of DOE-Owned Reactors); it is intended to be in compliancemore » with this DOE Order, as applicable to ORNL facilities. Included also are examples of the documentation maintained amenable for audit.« less

Low Pressure Seeder Development for PIV in Large Scale Open Loop Wind Tunnels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmit, Ryan

2010-11-01

A low pressure seeding techniques have been developed for Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) in large scale wind tunnel facilities was performed at the Subsonic Aerodynamic Research Laboratory (SARL) facility at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The SARL facility is an open loop tunnel with a 7 by 10 foot octagonal test section that has 56% optical access and the Mach number varies from 0.2 to 0.5. A low pressure seeder sprayer was designed and tested in the inlet of the wind tunnel. The seeder sprayer was designed to produce an even and uniform distribution of seed while reducing the seeders influence in the test section. ViCount Compact 5000 using Smoke Oil 180 was using as the seeding material. The results show that this low pressure seeder does produce streaky seeding but excellent PIV images are produced.

Metal organic framework g-C3N4/MIL-53(Fe) heterojunctions with enhanced photocatalytic activity for Cr(VI) reduction under visible light

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Wenyuan; Liu, Ning; Zhang, Xiaodong; Wu, Minghong; Tang, Liang

2017-12-01

In this study, hybrid nanocomposites based on Fe-based MOF and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were developed by a facile solvothermal method. The as-prepared materials were characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM, XPS and PL analysis. It was showed that the introduction of a certain amount of g-C3N4 on the surface of MIL-53(Fe) would improve the separation and migration rate of photo-induced charges, consequently resulting in the boost of photocatalytic efficiency. Compared with g-C3N4 and MIL-53(Fe), the CMFe composites displayed more excellent visible light-resposive photocatalytic activity for the reduction of Cr(VI). The optimal doping content of g-C3N4 in g-C3N4/MIL-53(Fe) composite was determined to be 3.0 wt%, and it showed about 2.1 and 2.0 times as high photocatalytic efficiency for the reduction of Cr(VI) as that of pure g-C3N4 and MIL-53(Fe), respectively. Meanwhile, the composite exhibited good reusability and stability in the process of cyclic experiments. A possible photocatalytic reaction mechanism was also investigated in detail by the related electrochemical analysis.

Rapid Assessment of Visual Impairment in Urban Population of Delhi, India

PubMed Central

Gupta, Noopur; Vashist, Praveen; Malhotra, Sumit; Senjam, Suraj Singh; Misra, Vasundhara; Bhardwaj, Amit

2015-01-01

Purpose To determine the prevalence, causes and associated demographic factors related to visual impairment amongst the urban population of New Delhi, India. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in East Delhi district using cluster random sampling methodology. This Rapid Assessment of Visual Impairment (RAVI) survey involved examination of all individuals aged 40 years and above in 24 randomly selected clusters of the district. Visual acuity (VA) assessment and comprehensive ocular examination were done during the door-to-door survey. A questionnaire was used to collect personal and demographic information of the study population. Blindness and Visual Impairment was defined as presenting VA <3/60and <6/18 in the better eye, respectively. Descriptive statistics were computed along with multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine associated factors for visual impairment. Results Of 2421 subjects enumerated, 2331 (96.3%) were available for ophthalmic examination. Among those examined, 49.3% were males. The prevalence of visual impairment (VI) in the study population, was 11.4% (95% C.I. 10.1, 12.7) and that of blindness was 1.2% (95% C.I. 0.8, 1.6). Uncorrected refractive error was the leading cause of VI accounting for 53.4% of all VI followed by cataract (33.8%). With multivariable logistic regression, the odds of having VI increased with age (OR= 24.6[95% C.I.: 14.9, 40.7]; p<0.001). Illiterate participants were more likely to have VI [OR= 1.5 (95% C.I.: 1.1,2.1)] when compared to educated participants. Conclusions The first implementation of the RAVI methodology in a North Indian population revealed that the burden of visual impairment is considerable in this region despite availability of adequate eye care facilities. Awareness generation and simple interventions like cataract surgery and provision of spectacles will help to eliminate the major causes of blindness and visual impairment in this region. PMID:25915659

Rapid assessment of visual impairment in urban population of Delhi, India.

PubMed

Gupta, Noopur; Vashist, Praveen; Malhotra, Sumit; Senjam, Suraj Singh; Misra, Vasundhara; Bhardwaj, Amit

2015-01-01

To determine the prevalence, causes and associated demographic factors related to visual impairment amongst the urban population of New Delhi, India. A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in East Delhi district using cluster random sampling methodology. This Rapid Assessment of Visual Impairment (RAVI) survey involved examination of all individuals aged 40 years and above in 24 randomly selected clusters of the district. Visual acuity (VA) assessment and comprehensive ocular examination were done during the door-to-door survey. A questionnaire was used to collect personal and demographic information of the study population. Blindness and Visual Impairment was defined as presenting VA < 3/60 and < 6/18 in the better eye, respectively. Descriptive statistics were computed along with multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine associated factors for visual impairment. Of 2421 subjects enumerated, 2331 (96.3%) were available for ophthalmic examination. Among those examined, 49.3% were males. The prevalence of visual impairment (VI) in the study population, was 11.4% (95% C.I. 10.1, 12.7) and that of blindness was 1.2% (95% C.I. 0.8, 1.6). Uncorrected refractive error was the leading cause of VI accounting for 53.4% of all VI followed by cataract (33.8%). With multivariable logistic regression, the odds of having VI increased with age (OR = 24.6[95% C.I.: 14.9, 40.7]; p < 0.001). Illiterate participants were more likely to have VI [OR = 1.5 (95% C.I.: 1.1,2.1)] when compared to educated participants. The first implementation of the RAVI methodology in a North Indian population revealed that the burden of visual impairment is considerable in this region despite availability of adequate eye care facilities. Awareness generation and simple interventions like cataract surgery and provision of spectacles will help to eliminate the major causes of blindness and visual impairment in this region.

Absorptive coating for aluminum solar panels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Desmet, D.; Jason, A.; Parr, A.

1979-01-01

Method for coating forming coating of copper oxide from copper component of sheet aluminum/copper alloy provides strong durable solar heat collector panels. Copper oxide coating has solar absorption characteristics similar to black chrome and is much simpler and less costly to produce.

Manpower Requirements Report for FY 1981.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-02-01

Defense Department as the employer of military personnel. Payments are influenced by the levels of basic pay and the Social Security tax rates ...Manpower Costs X-5 Current Civilian and Military Pay Rates X-13 viC / 1.. C ’, v i I~~~7 󈨑’ ... . Chapter XI All-Volunteer Force; Introduction lT-i...This decline is expected to continue, but at a lesser rate . Outpatient visits to DoD medical facilities have remained relatively stable. The military

Innovation in Extraterrestrial Service Systems - A Challenge for Service Science

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bergner, David

2010-01-01

This presentation was prepared at the invitation of Professor Yukio Ohsawa, Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, for delivery at the International Workshop on Innovating Service Systems, sponsored by the Japanese Society of Artificial Intelligence (JSAI) as part of the JSAI Internation Symposium on AI, 2010. It offers several challenges for Service Science and Service Innovation. the goal of the presentation is to stimulate thinking about how service systems viII evolve in the future, as human society advances from its terrestrial base toward a permanent presence in space. First we will consider the complexity of the International Space Station (ISS) as it is today, with particular emphasis of its research facilities, and focus on a current challenge - to maximize the utilization of ISS research facilities for the benefit of society. After briefly reviewing the basic principles of Service Science, we will discuss the potential application of Service Innovation methodology to this challenge. Then we viII consider how game-changing technologies - in particular Synthetic Biology - could accelerate the pace of sociocultural evolution and consequently, the progression of human society into space. We will use this provocative vision to advance thinking about how the emerging field of Service Science, Management, and Engineering (SSME) might help us anticipate and better handle the challenges of this inevitable evolutionary process.

USE OF FUME SUPPRESSANTS IN HARD CHROMIUM BATHS - EMISSION TESTING

EPA Science Inventory

The EPA Common Sense Initiative (CSI) is a cooperative effort of government, industry, environmental, and other stakeholder groups to find "cleaner, cheaper, smarter" approaches to environmental management in industrial sectors. The purpose of the project is to assist hard chrome...

TACOM LCMC Industrial Base Engineering Support - Board of Directors

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-07-01

Hex Chrome Replacement (High Purity Aluminum) Capability o Advanced Aviation Forward Area Refueling System (AAFARS)Tech Data Development o Common...SIAD (As needed) Example Issues: • Hexavalent Chromium/Cadmium (RRAD) • Common Adhesive (ANAD) • AVLB Pressure Plate (ANAD) • Paladin Corrosion

Comparative Study Between Cobalt Chrome and Titanium Alloy Rods for Multilevel Spinal Fusion: Proximal Junctional Kyphosis More Frequently Occurred in Patients Having Cobalt Chrome Rods.

PubMed

Han, Sanghyun; Hyun, Seung-Jae; Kim, Ki-Jeong; Jahng, Tae-Ahn; Kim, Hyun-Jib

2017-07-01

The use of titanium alloy (Ti) rods is frequently associated with rod fracture after spinal fixation. To address this issue, cobalt chrome (CoCr) rods, which are advantageous because of their greater strength and resistance to fatigue relative to Ti rods, have been introduced. The purpose of the present study was to compare radiographic outcomes after the use of Ti versus CoCr rods in a matched cohort of patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion for treatment of spinal instability. We retrospectively reviewed data from patients who had undergone spinal fusion involving more than 3 levels at a single institution between 2004 and 2015. Patients were matched for age, diagnosis, 3-column osteotomy, levels fused, and T score. Fifty patients with Ti rods were identified and appropriately matched to 50 consecutive patients with CoCr rods. The distributions of age at surgery, sex, diagnosis, 3-column osteotomy, levels fused, number of patients with previous surgical procedures, and T score did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. However, there were significant differences in length of follow-up (CoCr, 25.0 vs. Ti, 28.5 months; P < 0.001), fusion rate (CoCr, 45 [90%] vs. Ti, 33 [66%]; P = 0.004), occurrence of rod breakage (CoCr, 0 vs. T, 8 [16%]; P = 0.006), and junctional kyphosis (CoCr, 24 [46%] vs. Ti, 9 [18%]; P = 0.003). Our findings indicate that the use of CoCr rods is effective in ensuring stability of the posterior spinal construct and accomplishment of spinal fusion. Furthermore, our results indicate that junctional kyphosis may occur more frequently in CoCr systems than in Ti systems. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Microstructure and optical properties of black chrome befor and after exposure to high temperatures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lampert, C.M.; Washburn, J.

1979-01-01

the chemical and microstructural stability of the CHROM-ONYX type of black chrome solar coating was investigated at different temperatures and atmospheres. This was done to give a better understanding of the mechanism of solar energy selectivity and its variability when subjected to short term heat treatments. The as-plated structure was found to consist of a suspension of metallic chromium particles within the size range of 100A in a amorphous oxide matrix. this assembly was in turn formed into larger particles within the size range of 0.05 to 0.30 microns. Short term high temperature heat treatments were used to simulate stagnationmore » conditions. Samples were annealed in both air and vacuum, which resulted in similar characteristics. Annealing in air appeared to mildly accelerate optical degradation at high temperatures. For short term heat treatments below 300/sup 0/C the reflective and microstructural properties appeared to be unchanged. By in situ vacuum annealing of the coating above 400/sup 0/C microscrystalline Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ was identified. By observation of diffraction patterns it was concluded that a-Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ was transformed into crystalline Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/. The Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ phase continued to grow at higher temperatures at the expense of chromium content. At temperatures above 500/sup 0/C in vacuum, a new phase identified as Cr/sub 3/O/sub 4/ formed. It was found that black chrome failed optically between 500 to 600/sup 0/C for 1 hour heat treatments in both air and vacuum; also the coating heated in air failed mechanically by peeling at 600/sup 0/C.« less

Microstructure and optical properties of black chrome before and after exposure to high temperatures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lampert, C.M.; Washburn, J.

1979-01-01

The chemical and microstructural stability of the CHROM-ONYX type of black chrome solar coating was investigated at different temperatures and atmospheres. This was done to give a better understanding of the mechanism of solar energy selectivity and its variability when subjected to short term heat treatments. The as-plated structure was found to consist of a suspension of metallic chromium particles within the size range of 100A in an amorphous oxide matrix. This assembly was in turn formed into larger particles within the size range of 0.05-0.30 microns. Short term high temperature heat treatments were used to simulate stagnation conditions. Samplesmore » were annealed in both air and vacuum, which resulted in similar characteristics. Annealing in air appeared to mildly accelerate optical degradation at high temperatures. For short term heat treatments below 300/sup 0/C the reflective and microstructural properties appeared to be unchanged. By in situ vacuum annealing of the coating above 400/sup 0/C microcrystalline Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ was identified. By observation of diffraction patterns it was concluded that a-Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ was transformed into crystalline Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/. The Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ phase continued to grow at higher temperatures at the expense of chromium content. At temperatures above 500/sup 0/C in vacuum, a new phase identified as NiCr/sub 2/O/sub 4/ formed. It was found that black chrome failed optically between 500-600/sup 0/C for 1 hour heat treatments in both air and vacuum; also the coating heated in air failed mechanically by peeling at 600/sup 0/C.« less

Hazardous effects of effluent from the chrome plating industry: 70 kDa heat shock protein expression as a marker of cellular damage in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ).

PubMed Central

Mukhopadhyay, Indranil; Saxena, Daya Krishna; Chowdhuri, Debapratim Kar

2003-01-01

Hazardous effects of an effluent from the chrome plating industry were examined by exposing transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) to various concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 micro L/mL) of the effluent through diet. The emergence pattern of adult flies was affected, along with impaired reproductive performance at the higher dietary concentrations of the effluent. Interestingly, the effect of the effluent was more pronounced in male than in female flies. The effect of the effluent on development of adult flies was concurrent with the expression pattern of the heat shock protein 70 gene (hsp70), both in larval tissues and in the reproductive organs of adult flies. We observed a dose- and time-dependent expression of hsp70 in third instar larvae exposed for different time intervals. Absence of hsp70 expression in larvae exposed to 0.1 micro L/mL of the effluent indicated that this is the highest nontoxic concentration for Drosophila. The stress gene assay in the reproductive organs of adult flies revealed hsp70 expression in the testis of male flies only. However, trypan blue dye exclusion tests in these tissues indicate tissue damage in the male accessory gland of adult flies, which was further confirmed by ultrastructural observations. In the present study we demonstrate the utility of transgenic Drosophila as an alternative animal model for evaluating hazardous effects of the effluent from the chrome plating industry and further reveal the cytoprotective role of hsp70 and its expression as an early marker in environmental risk assessment. PMID:14644668

Hexavalent Chrome Free Coatings for Electronics Applications: Joint Test Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kessel, Kurt

2012-01-01

Regardless of the corrosivity of the environment, all metals require periodic maintenance activity to guard against the insidious effects of corrosion and thus ensure that alloys meet or exceed design or performance life. The standard practice for protecting metallic substrates is the application of a coating system. Applied coating systems work via a variety of methods (barrier, galvanic, and/or inhibitor) and adhere to the substrate through a combination of chemical and physical bonds. For years hexavalent chromium has been a widely used element within applied coating systems because of its self healing and corrosion resistant properties. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) studies have concluded that hexavalent chromium (hex chrome) is carcinogenic and poses significant risk to human health. On May 5, 2011 amendments to the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS) were issued in the Federal Register. Subpart 223.73 prohibits contracts from requiring hexavalent chromium in deliverables unless certain exceptions apply. These exceptions include authorization from a general or flag officer and members of the Senior Executive Service from a Program Executive Office, and unmodified legacy systems. Otherwise, Subpart 252.223-7008 provides the contract clause prohibiting contractors from using or delivering hexavalent chromium in a concentration greater than 0.1 percent by weight for all new contracts and to be included down to subcontractors for supplies, maintenance and repair services, and construction materials. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Department of Defense (DoD), and industry stakeholders continue to search for alternatives to hex chrome in coatings applications that meet their performance requirements in corrosion protection, cost, operability, and health and safety, while typically specifying that performance must be equal to or greater than existing systems.

Biointervention makes leather processing greener: an integrated cleansing and tanning system.

PubMed

Thanikaivelan, Palanisamy; Rao, Jonnalagadda Raghava; Nair, Balachandran Unni; Ramasami, Thirumalachari

2003-06-01

The do-undo methods adopted in conventional leather processing generate huge amounts of pollutants. In other words, conventional methods employed in leather processing subject the skin/hide to wide variations in pH. Pretanning and tanning processes alone contribute more than 90% of the total pollution from leather processing. Included in this is a great deal of solid wastes such as lime and chrome sludge. In the approach described here, the hair and flesh removal as well as fiber opening have been achieved using biocatalysts at pH 8.0 for cow hides. This was followed by a pickle-free chrome tanning, which does not require a basification step. Hence, this tanning technique involves primarily three steps, namely, dehairing, fiber opening, and tanning. It has been found that the extent of hair removal, opening up of fiber bundles, and penetration and distribution of chromium are comparable to that produced by traditional methods. This has been substantiated through scanning electron microscopic, stratigraphic chrome distribution analysis, and softness measurements. Performance of the leathers is shown to be on par with conventionally processed leathers through physical and hand evaluation. Importantly, softness of the leathers is numerically proven to be comparable with that of control. The process also demonstrates reduction in chemical oxygen demand load by 80%, total solids load by 85%, and chromium load by 80% as compared to the conventional process, thereby leading toward zero discharge. The input-output audit shows that the biocatalytic three-step tanning process employs a very low amount of chemicals, thereby reducing the discharge by 90% as compared to the conventional multistep processing. Furthermore, it is also demonstrated that the process is technoeconomically viable.

Heptavalent Neptunium in a Gas-Phase Complex: (Np VIIO 3 +)(NO 3 –) 2

DOE PAGES

Dau, Phuong D.; Maurice, Remi; Renault, Eric; ...

2016-09-15

A central goal of chemistry is to achieve ultimate oxidation states, including in gas-phase complexes with no condensed phase perturbations. In the case of the actinide elements, the highest established oxidation states are labile Pu(VII) and somewhat more stable Np(VII). We have synthesized and characterized gas-phase AnO 3(NO 3) 2- complexes for An = U, Np, and Pu by endothermic NO 2 elimination from AnO 2(NO 3) 3-. It was previously demonstrated that the PuO 3+ core of PuO 3(NO 3) 2- has a Pu—O• radical bond such that the oxidation state is Pu(VI); it follows that in UO 3(NOmore » 3) 2- it is the stable U(VI) oxidation state. On the basis of the relatively more facile synthesis of NpO 3(NO 3) 2-, a Np(VII) oxidation state is inferred. This interpretation is substantiated by reactivity of the three complexes: NO 2 spontaneously adds to UO 3(NO 3) 2- and PuO 3(NO 3) 2- but not to NpO 3(NO 3) 2-. This unreactive character is attributed to a Np(VII)O 3+ core with three stable Np=O bonds, this in contrast to reactive U—O• and Pu—O• radical bonds. The computed structures and reaction energies for the three AnO 3(NO 3) 2- support the conclusion that the oxidation states are U(VI), Np(VII), and Pu(VI). These results establish the extreme Np(VII) oxidation state in a gas-phase complex, and demonstrate the inherently greater stability of Np(VII) versus Pu(VII).« less

Chemically stable and reusable nano zero-valent iron/graphite-like carbon nitride nanohybrid for efficient photocatalytic treatment of Cr(VI) and rhodamine B under visible light

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, Zhiyu; Wen, Qingjuan; Wang, Xiu; Zhang, Fuwei; Yu, Yan

2016-11-01

Graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) displays strong potential applications in visible-light photocatalytic for water treatment, but its applications are greatly restricted by high recombination probability of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, as well as a weak reduction ability toward the heavy metals. In this work, we reported the synthesis of nZVI-g-C3N4 nano-hybrid with highly efficiency toward the photodegradation of RhB and Cr(VI) under the visible light irradiation. The nZVI nanoparticles can well be immobilized and dispersed on the surface of g-C3N4 nanosheets by a facile borohydride-reduction method. As-synthesized nZVI-g-C3N4 has an improved photocatalytic activity much better than that of the pure g-C3N4, wherein over 92.9% of Cr(VI) and 99.9% of RhB can be removed by using nZVI-g-C3N4. The nZVI particles not only contributes to the reduction and immobilization of Cr(VI), but also accelerates the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of RhB due to a lower recombination rate of photoexcited holes and electrons. Moreover, nZVI-g-C3N4 preserves superior photodegradation efficiency after five experimental cycles. It can be attributed that nZVI-g-C3N4 photocatalyst is chemically stable, and part of nZVI can be recovered by g-C3N4. We believe that, the composite of nZVI-g-C3N4 reported here could provide guidance for the design of efficient and reusable materials to remove both the organic compounds and heavy metal ions from waste waters.

Cross flow ultrafiltration of Cr (VI) using MCM-41, MCM-48 and Faujasite (FAU) zeolite-ceramic composite membranes.

PubMed

Basumatary, Ashim Kumar; Kumar, R Vinoth; Ghoshal, Aloke Kumar; Pugazhenthi, G

2016-06-01

This work describes the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution in cross flow mode using MCM-41, MCM-48 and FAU zeolite membranes prepared on circular shaped porous ceramic support. Ceramic support was manufactured using locally available clay materials via a facile uni-axial compaction method followed by sintering process. A hydrothermal technique was employed for the deposition of zeolites on the ceramic support. The porosity of ceramic support (47%) is reduced by the formation of MCM-41 (23%), MCM-48 (22%) and FAU (33%) zeolite layers. The pore size of the MCM-41, MCM-48 and FAU membrane is found to be 0.173, 0.142, and 0.153 μm, respectively, which is lower than that of the support (1.0 μm). Cross flow ultrafiltration experiments of Cr (VI) were conducted at five different applied pressures (69-345 kPa) and three cross flow rates (1.11 × 10(-7) - 2.22 × 10(-7) m(3)/s). The filtration studies inferred that the performance of the fabricated zeolite composite membranes is optimum at the maximum applied pressure (345 kPa) and the highest rejection is obtained with the lowest cross flow rate (1.11 × 10(-7) m(3)/s) for all three zeolite membrane. The permeate flux of MCM-41, MCM-48 and FAU zeolite composite membranes are almost remained constant in the entire duration of the separation process. The highest removal of 82% is shown by FAU membrane, while MCM-41 and MCM-48 display 75% and 77% of Cr (VI) removal, respectively for the initial feed concentration of 1000 ppm with natural pH of the solution at an applied pressure of 345 kPa. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Vision and Quality of Life Index: validation of the Indian version using Rasch analysis.

PubMed

Gothwal, Vijaya K; Bagga, Deepak K

2013-07-18

A multi-attribute utility instrument (MAUI) consists of a descriptive system in which the items and responses seek information about a concept of the universe of health-related quality of life (QoL), and responses to these items then are weighted and combined to produce the index. To our knowledge, the 6-item Vision and Quality of Life Index (VisQoL) is the only available vision-related MAUI, developed and validated in Australia, specifically for visually impaired (VI) populations. To our knowledge, the psychometric properties of the VisQoL have not yet been investigated in an Indian VI sample; this was the aim of our study. The Indian VisQoL was administered to 349 VI adults face-to-face by a trained interviewer at the Vision Rehabilitation Centres of a tertiary eye care facility, South India. Rasch analysis was used to assess the psychometric properties. Rescoring was necessary for all except one item before ordered thresholds were obtained. All items fit the Rasch model and unidimensionality was confirmed. Person separation was acceptable (2.01), indicating that the instrument can discriminate among three strata of participants" vision-related QoL (VRQoL). The VisQoL items were targeted substantially to the participants" VRQoL (-0.69 logits). One item ("ability to have friendships") demonstrated large differential item functioning by work status; working participants reported the item to be more difficult (-1.13 logits) relative to other items when compared to the nonworking participants. The 6-item Indian VisQoL satisfies unidimensional Rasch model expectations in VI patients. Disordering of response categories was evident; replication is required before a common rescoring option should be considered.

A Description of the Practice Pattern Characteristics of Anesthesia Care In Small, Medium and Large Teaching and Non-Teaching Medical Treatment Facilities in the Air Force

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-10-01

Lidocaine and Rocuronium ; others, Bupivicaine, Cisatricurium and vi Remifentanyl are rarely used. Subarachniod block is the technique most utilized by all...Succinycholine by Air Force Anesthesia Providers......……................41 Figure 10. Use of Rocuronium by Air Force Anesthesia Providers...Succinylcholine’s quick onset and short duration of action, the newest of which is Rocuronium . Although Rocuronium approaches Succinycholine in quick onset its xlii

Regression Models of Quarterly Indirect Labor Hours for NARF (Naval Air Rework Facility) Alameda.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-09-01

0 slim ~S74 88 .0 4x, Cy. be UU SN 89 z00 000 = S;JH 000 09 VI C.Cc z 0Y 0 CN Lam N~ 0 0000 009 ooo OG4 I-N C.91 pr- I- LU 001 00001 0002 * 0000t 000ge...1509 3286 7599 11345 9938 40906 16479 15204 13901 853 5888 1176 6975 12418 7970 41059 16078 13423 12030 854 7962 3699 9505 19587 10539 56100 25767 18647

Cedar River and Tributaries, Black Hawk County, Iowa, and Vicinity

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-07-01

Camp Cabins and Dormitories x Dining Hall x Infirmaries x Amphitheaters x x Caretaker Quarters x Outdoor Cooking x x Beaches x x Docks x x Camping pads...x x Swimming Beaches x x Visitor Center xZ/ x Nature Center x Historical Centers x Archeological Centers x Environmental - Education Centers x Lodges...Benches x x Camping Pads x x Flag Poles x Lantern Hangers x x VI. Play Facilities Courts Multiple Use x7/ x Tennis x Basketball x Handball x

KSC-06pd0505

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Charlie Plain, a Public Affairs Web writer with InDyne Inc., is one of many workers at NASA's Kennedy Space Center posing as astronauts during a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

Evaluation of CONAP Concept for Advanced ABM Nosetips

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-11-01

AU~ ~ MMRCOT 63 EVALUATION OF CONAP CONCEPT. FOR MNS AANCED AOA WOS Nciveniber97O6𔃼iJ ’Archie Ossin , Paul KendallI -Martin MariettaAerospace -POstOf...29 May 1974 through 30 June 1976. Mr. Archie Ossin was the task leader and Mr. William A. Bauman was program manager. v/vi CONTENTS Summary...followed by full scale ground tests in a rocket exhaust facility should be performed. 50 REFERENCES 1. Ossin , A., Cawthon, D. M. "Evaluation of the CONAP

Machine Gun Liner Bond Strength

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-08-01

explosive bonding of pure tantalum, several tantalum alloys, and Stellite 25 (an alloy of cobalt, chrome , nickel, and tungsten) in a liner...smoothly as elastic stresses increase in the plug and liner. At a certain level of displacement, the load reaches a peak and then drops sharply. The

40 CFR 425.60 - Applicability; description of the through-the-blue subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY... processes raw or cured cattle or cattle-like hides through the blue tanned state by hair pulp unhairing and chrome tanning; no retan-wet finishing is performed. ...

HARD CHROME POLLUTION PREVENTION DEMONSTRATION PROJECT - INTERIM REPORT

EPA Science Inventory

In the project, five chromium emission prevention/control devices were tested tha cover the spectrum of prevention/control techniques currently in use in small- and large-size hard chromium electroplating job shops. The Project results show that some of the tested devices had ch...

40 CFR 425.24 - New source performance standards (NSPS).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false New source performance standards (NSPS). 425.24 Section 425.24 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Save, Chrome...

40 CFR 425.14 - New source performance standards (NSPS).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false New source performance standards (NSPS). 425.14 Section 425.14 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Pulp, Chrome...

40 CFR 425.24 - New source performance standards (NSPS).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false New source performance standards (NSPS). 425.24 Section 425.24 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Save, Chrome...

40 CFR 425.14 - New source performance standards (NSPS).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false New source performance standards (NSPS). 425.14 Section 425.14 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Pulp, Chrome...

40 CFR 425.24 - New source performance standards (NSPS).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false New source performance standards (NSPS). 425.24 Section 425.24 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Save, Chrome...

40 CFR 425.14 - New source performance standards (NSPS).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false New source performance standards (NSPS). 425.14 Section 425.14 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Hair Pulp, Chrome...

40 CFR 415.344 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Pretreatment standards for existing... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Chrome Pigments Production Subcategory § 415.344 Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES). (a) Existing...

Recycling of Chrome Tanned Leather Dust in Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

El-Sabbagh, Salwa H.; Mohamed, Ola A.

2010-06-01

Concerns on environmental waste problem caused by chrome tanned leather wastes in huge amount have caused an increasing interest in developing this wastes in many composite formation. This leather dust was used as filler in acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) before treatment and after treatment with ammonia solution and sod. formate. Different formulations of NBR/ leather dust (untreated-treated with ammonia solution—treated with sod. formate) composites are prepared. The formed composite exhibit a considerable improvement in some of their properties such as rheometric characteristics especially with composites loaded with treated leather dust. Tensile strength, modulus at 100% elongation, hardness and youngs modulus were improved then by further loading start to be steady or decrease. Cross linking density in toluene were increased by incorporation of leather dust treated or untreated resulting in decreases in equilibrium swelling. Distinct increase in the ageing coefficient of both treated and untreated leather with drop in NBR vulcanizates without leather dust. Addition of leather dust treated or untreated exhibit better thermal stability.

Tribological evaluation of PS300: A new chrome oxide based solid lubricant coating sliding against Al2O3 From 25 to 650 C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

DellaCorte, C.; Laskowski, J. A.

1996-01-01

This paper presents the tribological characteristics of Al203 sliding against PS300; a chrome oxide based self lubricating coating. Al203 pins were slid against PS300 coated superalloy disks in air, under a 4.9 N load at velocities of 1 to 8 m/s. At a sliding velocity of 1 m/s, friction ranged from 0.6 at 25 C to 0.2 at 650 C. Wear factors for the Al203 pins were in the 10(exp -7) mm(exp 3)/N-m range and for the PS300 coating was in the 10(exp -5) mm(exp 3)/N-m range. The test results suggest that increased surface temperature resulting from either frictional heating, generated by increased sliding velocity, or ambient heating caused a reduction in friction and wear of the sliding couple. Based upon these results, the tested material combination is a promising candidate for high temperature wear applications.

Revision of Articular Surface Replacement (ASR) Total Hip Arthroplasty: Correlation of Perioperative Data and Early Post-Revision Outcome Results.

PubMed

Cip, Johannes; Bach, Christian; Widemschek, Mark; Luegmair, Matthias; Martin, Arno

2015-09-01

The articular surface replacement (ASR) total hip arthroplasty (THA) showed accelerated failure rates due to adverse-reaction to metal debris (ARMD). Literature correlating preoperative with intraoperative revision findings respectively post-revision outcome results are rare. 30 of 99 available ASR THA were revised due to ARMD. Mean post-revision follow-up term was 2.3 years. In part, preoperative data did not correlate with intraoperative revision findings. ARMD was even found in asymptomatic patients with non-elevated ion levels. Postoperative pain and metal ions decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.016). Cobalt decreased faster than chrome. Patients with intraoperative pseudotumors, osteolysis or bilateral THA did not have higher pre- or postoperative ion values (P ≥ 0.053). Females showed higher postoperative chrome levels (P=0.031). One major post-revision complication (femoral nerve palsy) and one re-revision (late onset infection) occurred. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Development of thermal model to analyze thermal flux distribution in thermally enhanced machining of high chrome white cast iron

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ravi, A. M.; Murigendrappa, S. M.

2018-04-01

In recent times, thermally enhanced machining (TEM) slowly gearing up to cut hard metals like high chrome white cast iron (HCWCI) which were impossible in conventional procedures. Also setting up of suitable cutting parameters and positioning of the heat source against the work appears to be critical in order to enhance the machinability characteristics of the work material. In this research work, the Oxy - LPG flame was used as the heat source and HCWCI as the workpiece. ANSYS-CFD-Flow software was used to develop the transient thermal model to analyze the thermal flux distribution on the work surface during TEM of HCWCI using Cubic boron nitride (CBN) tools. Non-contact type Infrared thermo sensor was used to measure the surface temperature continuously at different positions, and is validated with the thermal model results. The result confirms thermal model is a better predictive tool for thermal flux distribution analysis in TEM process.

Reducing chromium losses from a chromium plating bath. 1987 summer intern report. Project conducted at New Dimension Plating, Hutchinson, Minnesota

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Achman, D.

1987-12-31

The company employs about forty people and operates for one or two eight hour shifts with an average of 315 racks of chrome plating per eight hour day. They plate a variety of metals including copper, nickel, gold, brass and chromium. Chromium is the major metal plated and is usually the last step in plating cycle. Most parts are copper plated and then nickel plated in preparation for chrome plating. The main difference between New Dimension Plating and other plating shops is the variety of parts plated. As New Dimension Plating is a job shop, a wide range of partsmore » such as motorcycle accessories, stove parts, and custom items are metal finished. The plating lines are manual, meaning employees dip the racks into the tanks by hand. This fact along with the fact that parts vary greatly in size and shape accounts for the significant drag-out on the chromium plating line.« less

A novel detection approach based on chromophore-decolorizing with free radical and application to photometric determination of copper with acid chrome dark blue.

PubMed

Gao, Hong-Wen; Chen, Fang-Fang; Chen, Ling; Zeng, Teng; Pan, Lu-Ting; Li, Jian-Hua; Luo, Hua-Fei

2007-03-21

A novel detection approach named chromophore-decolorizing with free radicals is developed for determination of trace heavy metal. The hydroxyl radicals (HO) generated from Fe(III) and hydrogen peroxide will oxidize the free chromophore into almost colorless products. The copper-acid chrome dark blue (ACDB) complexation was investigated at pH 5.07. In the presence of Fe(III) and hydrogen peroxide, the excess ACDB was decolorized in the Cu-ACDB reaction solution, and the final solution contained only one color compound, the Cu-ACDB complex. After oxidation of free hydroxyl radicals, the complexation becomes sensitive and selective and it has been used for the quantitation of trace amounts of Cu(II) dissolved in natural water. Beer's law is obeyed in the range from 0 to 0.500 microg mL(-1) Cu(II) and the limit of detection is only 6 microg L(-1) Cu(II). Besides, the Cu-ACDB complex formed was characterized.

[Study on hydrothermal stability of the collagen].

PubMed

Wang, Yajuan; Chen, Hui; Shan, Zhihua

2009-02-01

The low hydrothermal stability of the raw collagen restricts its usage. To improve the hydrothermal stability of collagen, two kinds of materials with weak astringency were used by experts. The research proved that the synergistic effect was formed during the process. In this study, by using UV, FT-IR, 13CNMR spectra and elemental analysis on the salicylic acid and metal-salicylic complexes, we could get the structural formula of every compound. And then, the hide powder was treated with the compounds. At last, the treated hide powder was tested by DSC. It could be presumed that the Rigid Matrix formed between the collagen doses can increase the hydrothermal stability of raw collagen, The result indicated that salicylic-chrome with large stable constant was better than others in improving the heat resistance of raw collagen, and the denaturalization temperature of hide powder treated with salicylic-chrome was 146.7 degrees C. Salicylic-aluminum was in the second place, the relevant temperature being 145.7 degrees C.

Wind tunnel test of musi VI bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Permata, Robby; Andika, Matza Gusto; Syariefatunnisa, Risdhiawan, Eri; Hermawan, Budi; Noordiana, Indra

2017-11-01

Musi VI Bridge is planned to cross the Musi River in Palembang City, South Sumatera Province, Indonesia. The main span is a steel arch type with 200 m length and side span length is 75 m. Finite element analysis results showed that the bridge has frequency ratio for torsional and heaving mode (torsional frequency/heaving frequency)=1.14. This close to unity value rises concern about aerodynamic behaviour and stability of the bridge deck under wind loading. Sectional static and free vibration wind tunnel test were performed to clarify this phenomena in B2TA3 facility in Serpong, Indonesia. The test followed the draft of Guide of Wind Tunnel Test for Bridges developed by Indonesian Ministry of Public Works. Results from wind tunnel testing show that the bridge is safe from flutter instability and no coupled motion vibration observed. Therefore, low value of frequency ratio has no effect to aerodynamic behaviour of the bridge deck. Vortex-induced vibration in heaving mode occurred in relatively low wind velocity with permissible maximum amplitude value.

Enhancement of Cr(VI) Ion Removal Using Nanochitosan Coated on Bituminous Activated Carbon.

PubMed

Chooaksorn, Wanida; Nitisoravut, Rachnarin; Polprasert, Chongrak; Babel, Sandhya; Laohhasurayotin, Kritapas; Kangwansupamonkon, Wiyong

2016-11-01

  Bituminous activated carbon (AC) has been widely used as a sorbent for adsorption of non-polar species, but its performance for removal of ionic species such as heavy metals has not been as efficient. In this study, AC was modified with chitosan nanoparticles (CN) using facile methods of dip coating and wet impregnation. The CN-coated AC demonstrated an increase in Cr(VI) removal efficiency in both kinetics and adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of the CN-coated AC (mg/g) was more than twice that of the uncoated AC (36.36 mg/g), or pure chitosan (32.57 mg/g). The sizes of the synthesized CN (160-2,000 nm) can be controlled by varying the concentration of the chitosan/reagents used. The adsorption isotherms are better described using the Freundlich rather than the Langmuir model and are in agreement with the heterogeneity of the surfaces. Adsorption kinetics followed that of the pseudo-second-order kinetics, suggesting chemisorption as a rate limiting step.

Anatomy of a Security Operations Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, John

2010-01-01

Many agencies and corporations are either contemplating or in the process of building a cyber Security Operations Center (SOC). Those Agencies that have established SOCs are most likely working on major revisions or enhancements to existing capabilities. As principle developers of the NASA SOC; this Presenters' goals are to provide the GFIRST community with examples of some of the key building blocks of an Agency scale cyber Security Operations Center. This presentation viII include the inputs and outputs, the facilities or shell, as well as the internal components and the processes necessary to maintain the SOC's subsistence - in other words, the anatomy of a SOC. Details to be presented include the SOC architecture and its key components: Tier 1 Call Center, data entry, and incident triage; Tier 2 monitoring, incident handling and tracking; Tier 3 computer forensics, malware analysis, and reverse engineering; Incident Management System; Threat Management System; SOC Portal; Log Aggregation and Security Incident Management (SIM) systems; flow monitoring; IDS; etc. Specific processes and methodologies discussed include Incident States and associated Work Elements; the Incident Management Workflow Process; Cyber Threat Risk Assessment methodology; and Incident Taxonomy. The Evolution of the Cyber Security Operations Center viII be discussed; starting from reactive, to proactive, and finally to proactive. Finally, the resources necessary to establish an Agency scale SOC as well as the lessons learned in the process of standing up a SOC viII be presented.