A facile approach to enhance antigen response for personalized cancer vaccination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Aileen Weiwei; Sobral, Miguel C.; Badrinath, Soumya; Choi, Youngjin; Graveline, Amanda; Stafford, Alexander G.; Weaver, James C.; Dellacherie, Maxence O.; Shih, Ting-Yu; Ali, Omar A.; Kim, Jaeyun; Wucherpfennig, Kai W.; Mooney, David J.

2018-06-01

Existing strategies to enhance peptide immunogenicity for cancer vaccination generally require direct peptide alteration, which, beyond practical issues, may impact peptide presentation and result in vaccine variability. Here, we report a simple adsorption approach using polyethyleneimine (PEI) in a mesoporous silica microrod (MSR) vaccine to enhance antigen immunogenicity. The MSR-PEI vaccine significantly enhanced host dendritic cell activation and T-cell response over the existing MSR vaccine and bolus vaccine formulations. Impressively, a single injection of the MSR-PEI vaccine using an E7 peptide completely eradicated large, established TC-1 tumours in about 80% of mice and generated immunological memory. When immunized with a pool of B16F10 or CT26 neoantigens, the MSR-PEI vaccine eradicated established lung metastases, controlled tumour growth and synergized with anti-CTLA4 therapy. Our findings from three independent tumour models suggest that the MSR-PEI vaccine approach may serve as a facile and powerful multi-antigen platform to enable robust personalized cancer vaccination.

TiO2@PEI-Grafted-MWCNTs Hybrids Nanocomposites Catalysts for CO2 Photoreduction

PubMed Central

Falcicchio, Aurelia; Fracassi, Francesco; Margiotta, Valerio; Moliterni, Anna

2018-01-01

Anatase (TiO2) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes bearing polyethylenimine (PEI) anchored on their surface were hybridized in different proportions according to a sol-gel method. The resulting nanocomposites (TiO2@PEI-MWCNTs), characterized by BET, XRD, XPS, SEM, and UV techniques, were found efficient catalysts for CO2 photoreduction into formic and acetic acids in water suspension and under visible light irradiation. PEI-grafted nanotubes co-catalysts are believed to act as CO2 activators by forming a carbamate intermediate allowing to accomplish the first example in the literature of polyamines/nanotubes/TiO2 mediated CO2 photoreduction to carboxylic acids. PMID:29461484

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) formed nanogels with branched poly(ethyleneimine) (bPEI) for inhibition of cytotoxicity in human MSCs as a gene delivery vehicles.

PubMed

Yang, Han Na; Park, Ji Sun; Jeon, Su Yeon; Park, Keun-Hong

2015-05-20

Specific vehicles are necessary for safe and efficient gene transfection into cells. Nano-type hydrogels (nanogel) comprising carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) complexed with branched type cationic poly(ethleneimine) (bPEI) were used as gene delivery vehicles. When complexes of CMC and bPEI were used in vitro, CMC showed nano-gel type properties, as shown by the results of a viscosity test, and bPEI showed low cytotoxicity comparing to bPEI alone. Together, these properties are shown to maintain high gene transfection efficiency. In viability experiments using three types of adult stem cells, cell viability varied depending on the branch form of PEI and whether or not it is in a complex with CMC. The gene delivery efficacy showed that the CMC nanogel complexed with bPEI (CMC-bPEI) showed more uptaking and gene transfection ability in hMSCs comparing to bPEI alone. In osteogenesis, the CMC-bPEI complexed with OSX pDNA showed more easy internalization than bPEI alone complexed with OSX pDNA in hMSCs. Specific genes and proteins related in osteogenic differentiation were expressed in hMSCs when the CMC-bPEI complexed with OSX pDNA was used. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Development of swellable local implants of a polyethyleneimine-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PEI-PVP) hydrogel as a socket filler.

PubMed

Chang, Ching-Wen; Ho, Hsiu-O; Lo, Yi-June; Lee, Sheng-Yang; Yang, You-Ren; Sheu, Ming-Thau

2012-01-01

In this study, hydrogels composed of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) K90 (PVP) cross-linked with various concentrations (0, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5%) of glutaraldehyde were evaluated as a hydrogel filler for the local delivery of lidocaine after tooth extraction. The drug-release kinetics, swellability, cytotoxicity and wound healing after tooth extraction of these non-cross-linked and cross-linked PEI-PVP hydrogels were examined in male beagles and compared to values using Spongostan(®). Results demonstrated that the extent of cross-linking influenced the swelling of the resulting hydrogel, but the drug-release rates were similar. No significant changes were observed in gingival fibroblasts in contact with the PEI- PVP hydrogels or Spongostan(®). In the in vivo study, PEI-PVP hydrogels showed good retention in the socket for 2 days and showed comparable wound-healing rates within 2 weeks with those of Spongostan(®). In conclusion, PEI-PVP hydrogels are suitable for use as socket-dressing materials, and the release of local anaesthesia from PEI-PVP hydrogels can be sustained for a desirable period of time to prevent pain after a tooth extraction.

Polyelectrolyte Complexes of Low Molecular Weight PEI and Citric Acid as Efficient and Nontoxic Vectors for in Vitro and in Vivo Gene Delivery.

PubMed

Giron-Gonzalez, M Dolores; Salto-Gonzalez, Rafael; Lopez-Jaramillo, F Javier; Salinas-Castillo, Alfonso; Jodar-Reyes, Ana Belen; Ortega-Muñoz, Mariano; Hernandez-Mateo, Fernando; Santoyo-Gonzalez, Francisco

2016-03-16

Gene transfection mediated by the cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) is considered a standard methodology. However, while highly branched PEIs form smaller polyplexes with DNA that exhibit high transfection efficiencies, they have significant cell toxicity. Conversely, low molecular weight PEIs (LMW-PEIs) with favorable cytotoxicity profiles display minimum transfection activities as a result of inadequate DNA complexation and protection. To solve this paradox, a novel polyelectrolyte complex was prepared by the ionic cross-linking of branched 1.8 kDa PEI with citric acid (CA). This system synergistically exploits the good cytotoxicity profile exhibited by LMW-PEI with the high transfection efficiencies shown by highly branched and high molecular weight PEIs. The polyectrolyte complex (1.8 kDa-PEI@CA) was obtained by a simple synthetic protocol based on the microwave irradiation of a solution of 1.8 kDa PEI and CA. Upon complexation with DNA, intrinsic properties of the resulting particles (size and surface charge) were measured and their ability to form stable polyplexes was determined. Compared with unmodified PEIs the new complexes behave as efficient gene vectors and showed enhanced DNA binding capability associated with facilitated intracellular DNA release and enhanced DNA protection from endonuclease degradation. In addition, while transfection values for LMW-PEIs are almost null, transfection efficiencies of the new reagent range from 2.5- to 3.8-fold to those of Lipofectamine 2000 and 25 kDa PEI in several cell lines in culture such as CHO-k1, FTO2B hepatomas, L6 myoblasts, or NRK cells, simultaneously showing a negligible toxicity. Furthermore, the 1.8 kDa-PEI@CA polyelectrolyte complexes retained the capability to transfect eukaryotic cells in the presence of serum and exhibited the capability to promote in vivo transfection in mouse (as an animal model) with an enhanced efficiency compared to 25 kDa PEI. Results support the polyelectrolyte complex

Photo-cured PMMA/PEI core/shell nanoparticles surface-modified with Gd-DTPA for T1 MR imaging.

PubMed

Ratanajanchai, Montri; Lee, Don Haeng; Sunintaboon, Panya; Yang, Su-Geun

2014-02-01

Herein, we introduced amine-functionalized core-shell nanoparticles (Polymethyl methacrylate/Polyethyleneimine; PMMA/PEI) with surface primary amines (3.15×10(5) groups/particle) and uniform size distribution (150-200nm) that were prepared by one-step photo-induced emulsion polymerization. Further PEI-surface was modified with diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) and introduced with Gd(III). The modified particles possessing DTPA can entrap a high content of Gd(III) ions of over 5.5×10(4)Gd/particle with stable chelation (no release of free Gd) at least 7h. The Gd-DTPA-conjugated core-shell nanoparticles (PMMA/PEI-DTPA-Gd NPs) enhanced the MRI intensity more than Primovist (a commercial hepatic contrast agent). Moreover, the PMMA/PEI-DTPA-Gd NPs showed non-cytotoxicity up to 250μM in normal liver cells. Thus, in vitro data suggested the PMMA/PEI-DTPA-Gd NPs is promising delivery system as a superior MRI contrast agent, especially for hepatic lesion targeted MR imaging. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A novel self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on hollow Ru-SiO2@PEI nanoparticles for NSE analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Limin; Huang, Jianshe; Yu, Bin; You, Tianyan

2016-02-01

Poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) and Ru(bpy)32+-doped silica (Ru-SiO2) nanoparticles were simply mixed together to prepare a novel self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) composite of Ru-SiO2@PEI. The hollow Ru-SiO2@PEI nanoparticles were used to build an ECL immunosensor for the analysis of neuron specific enolase (NSE). PEI not only assembled on the surface of Ru-SiO2 nanoparticles through the electrostatic interaction to act as co-reactant for Ru(bpy)32+ ECL, but also provided alkaline condition to etch the Ru-SiO2 nanoparticles to form the hollow Ru-SiO2@PEI nanoparticles with porous shell. The unique structure of the Ru-SiO2@PEI nanoparticles loaded both a large amount of Ru(bpy)32+ and its co-reactant PEI at the same time, which shortened the electron-transfer distance, thereby greatly enhanced the luminous efficiency and amplified the ECL signal. The developed immunosensor showed a wide linear range from 1.0 × 10-11 to 1.0 × 10-5 mg mL-1 with a low detection limit of 1.0 × 10-11 mg mL-1 for NSE. When the immunosensor was used for the determination of NSE in clinical human serum, the results were comparable with those obtained by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The proposed method provides a promising alternative for NSE analysis in clinical samples.

Effective mRNA Inhibition in PANC-1 Cells in Vitro Mediated via an mPEG-SeSe-PEI Delivery System.

PubMed

Zhang, Yuefeng; Yang, Bin; Liu, Yajie; Qin, Wenjie; Li, Chao; Wang, Lantian; Zheng, Wen; Wu, Yulian

2016-05-01

RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene therapy is a promising approach to cure various diseases. However, developing an effective, safe, specific RNAi delivery system remains a major challenge. In this study, a novel redox-responsive polyetherimide (PEI)-based nanovector, mPEG-SeSe-PEI, was developed and its efficacy evaluated. We prepared three mPEG-SeSe-PEI vector candidates for small interfering glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (siGADPH) and determined their physiochemical properties and transfection efficiency using flow cytometry and PEG11.6-SeSe-PEI polymer. We investigated the silencing efficacy of GADPH mRNA expression in PANC-1 cells and observed that PEG11.6-SeSe-PEI/siGADPH (N/P ratio=10) polyplexes possessed the appropriate size and zeta-potential and exhibited excellent in vitro gene silencing effects with the least cytotoxicity in PANC-1 cells. In conclusion, we present PEG11.6-SeSe-PEI as a potential therapeutic gene delivery system for small interfering RNA (siRNA).

A novel self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on hollow Ru-SiO2@PEI nanoparticles for NSE analysis.

PubMed

Zhou, Limin; Huang, Jianshe; Yu, Bin; You, Tianyan

2016-02-26

Poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) and Ru(bpy)3(2+)-doped silica (Ru-SiO2) nanoparticles were simply mixed together to prepare a novel self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) composite of Ru-SiO2@PEI. The hollow Ru-SiO2@PEI nanoparticles were used to build an ECL immunosensor for the analysis of neuron specific enolase (NSE). PEI not only assembled on the surface of Ru-SiO2 nanoparticles through the electrostatic interaction to act as co-reactant for Ru(bpy)3(2+) ECL, but also provided alkaline condition to etch the Ru-SiO2 nanoparticles to form the hollow Ru-SiO2@PEI nanoparticles with porous shell. The unique structure of the Ru-SiO2@PEI nanoparticles loaded both a large amount of Ru(bpy)3(2+) and its co-reactant PEI at the same time, which shortened the electron-transfer distance, thereby greatly enhanced the luminous efficiency and amplified the ECL signal. The developed immunosensor showed a wide linear range from 1.0 × 10(-11) to 1.0 × 10(-5) mg mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 1.0 × 10(-11) mg mL(-1) for NSE. When the immunosensor was used for the determination of NSE in clinical human serum, the results were comparable with those obtained by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The proposed method provides a promising alternative for NSE analysis in clinical samples.

Hyperbranched-dendrimer architectural copolymer gene delivery using hyperbranched PEI conjugated to poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers: synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of transfection efficiency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alavi, Seyyed Jamal; Gholami, Leila; Askarian, Saeedeh; Darroudi, Majid; Massoudi, Abdolhossein; Rezaee, Mehdi; Kazemi Oskuee, Reza

2017-02-01

The applications of dendrimer-based vectors seem to be promising in non-viral gene delivery because of their potential for addressing the problems with viral vectors. In this study, generation 3 poly(propyleneimine) (G3-PPI) dendrimers with 1, 4-diaminobutane as a core initiator was synthesized using a divergent growth approach. To increase the hydrophobicity and reduce toxicity, 10% of primary amines of G3-PPI dendrimers were replaced with bromoalkylcarboxylates with different chain lengths (6-bromohexanoic and 10-bromodecanoic). Then, to retain the overall buffering capacity and enhance transfection, the alkylcarboxylate-PPIs were conjugated to 10 kDa branched polyethylenimine (PEI). The results showed that the modified PPI was able to form complexes with the diameter of less than 60 nm with net-positive surface charge around 20 mV. No significant toxicity was observed in modified PPIs; however, the hexanoate conjugated PPI-PEI (PPI-HEX-10% PEI) and the decanoate conjugated PPI-PEI (PPI-DEC-10%-PEI) showed the best transfection efficiency in murine neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cell line, even PPI-HEX-10%-PEI showed transfection efficiency equal to standard PEI 25 kDa with reduced toxicity. This study suggested a new series of hyperbranched (PEI)-dendrimer (PPI) architectural copolymers as non-viral gene delivery vectors with high transfection efficiency and low toxicity.

Early Restoration PEIS Public Scoping Meeting | NOAA Gulf Spill Restoration

Science.gov Websites

Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement, or PEIS, to evaluate the potential environmental effects of types effects of early restoration. We are inviting the public to comment on the scope, content, and any other

Adverse interaction between colchicine and ketoconazole in a Chinese shar pei.

PubMed

McAlister, Amber; Center, Sharon A; Bender, Hannah; McDonough, Sean P

2014-01-01

A Chinese shar pei with a 2 yr history of episodic fever, lethargy, and shifting lameness was presumptively diagnosed with familial shar pei fever but had never been treated for the syndrome. After being presented for a superficial pyoderma with possible dermatophyte coinfection, treatment with a cephalosporin and ketoconazole were prescribed. One wk later, colchicine was initiated for familial shar pei fever using cautious dose escalation. Nevertheless, gastrointestinal toxicity, skeletal muscle myopathy, and hepatotoxicity developed within 2 wk. Abrupt resolution of gastrointestinal toxicity and myopathy followed drug withdrawal. However, escalating liver enzyme activity and hyperbilirubinemia led to liver biopsy to rule out an antecedent hepatopathy. Biopsy characterized canalicular cholestasis and colchicine-associated metaphase arrest and ring mitoses reflecting repression of mitotic spindle formation. Signs of illness completely resolved 3 mo after drug discontinuation. Although avoidable adverse interactions between ketoconazole and drugs reliant on cytochrome oxidase biotransformation and/or drug efflux mediated by multiple drug-resistant transporters are well documented in humans, these are rarely reported in veterinary patients. This case exemplifies an important and avoidable ketoconazole/colchicine drug interaction from which the patient completely recovered. The dog tested negative for the canine MDR1 loss of function mutation that also might potentiate colchicine toxicity.

Formulation of glutathione responsive anti-proliferative nanoparticles from thiolated Akt1 siRNA and disulfide-crosslinked PEI for efficient anti-cancer gene therapy.

PubMed

Muthiah, Muthunarayanan; Che, Hui-Lian; Kalash, Santhosh; Jo, Jihoon; Choi, Seok-Yong; Kim, Won Jong; Cho, Chong Su; Lee, Jae Young; Park, In-Kyu

2015-02-01

In this study, thiol-modified siRNA (SH-siRNA) was delivered by bioreducible polyethylenimine (ssPEI), to enhance physicochemical properties of polyplexes and function of siRNA through disulfide bonding between SH-siRNA and ssPEI. The ssPEI was utilized to deliver Akt1 SH-siRNA for suppression of Akt1 mRNA and blockage of Akt1 protein translation, resulting in reduced cellular proliferation and the induction of apoptosis. Disulfide bondings between the ssPEI and SH-siRNA through thiol groups in both were confirmed by DTT treatment. Complexation between ssPEI and Akt1SH-siRNA was enhanced and reduced surface charge of ssPEI/Akt1SH-siRNA complexes with smaller average particle sizes even at lower N/P ratios was obtained compared with PEI/Akt1siRNA ones. Cellular uptake of ssPEI/Akt1SH-siRNA complexes in CT-26 mouse colon cancer cells was also enhanced. The ssPEI/Akt1SH-siRNA complexes reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of mouse colon cancer cells in vitro. In an in vivo mouse tumor model, the complexes reduced tumor proliferation and downregulation of Akt1 compared to controls. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Simple synthesis of nitrogen-rich polymer network and its further amination with PEI for CO2 adsorption

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yin, Fengqin; Zhuang, Linzhou; Luo, Xianyong; Chen, Shuixia

2018-03-01

The nitrogen-rich polymer network (MF/PAM) was synthesized through interpenetration between the molecular chains of melamine-formaldehyde resin(MF) and polyacrylamide (PAM), to which the polyethylene imine (PEI) was grafted to obtain solid amine adsorbent (MF/PAM-g-PEI). Compared with MF, the swelling capacity of MF/PAM was greatly enhanced, it could swell rapidly and directly in water. Although the interpenetration of PAM into MF may reduce the porosity of MF/PAM, the CO2 capture capacity of the solid amine adsorbents (MF/PAM-g-PEI) could still reach 2.8 mmol/g at 273 K. The adsorbents also exhibited promising adsorption kinetics and regeneration performances. The kinetics observation showed that the Avrami model could better descript the CO2 adsorption process compared with the pseudo-first-order model and pseudo-second-order model. Meanwhile, the Avrami kinetic orders (na) range from 1.21 to 1.56, displaying that the both physisorption and chemisorption exist in the adsorption process and the PEI have successfully grafted onto the polymer network, which also can be confirmed by the adsorption activation energy value. After 18 adsorption-desorption recycles, the MF/PAM-g-PEI could preserve its initial capacity without any decrease. Our work provides a new method to achieve promising solid amine adsorbents with higher adsorption capacity and better regeneration performance.

Enhanced CO2 adsorptive performance of PEI/SBA-15 adsorbent using phosphate ester based surfactants as additives.

PubMed

Cheng, Dandan; Liu, Yue; Wang, Haiqiang; Weng, Xiaole; Wu, Zhongbiao

2015-12-01

In this study, a series of polyetherimide/SBA-15: 2-D hexagonal P6mm, Santa Barbara USA (PEI/SBA-15) adsorbents modified by phosphoric ester based surfactants (including tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEP) and trimethyl phosphonoacetate (TMPA)) were prepared for CO2 adsorption. Experimental results indicated that the addition of TEP and BEP had positive effects on CO2 adsorption capacity over PEI/SBA-15. In particular, the CO2 adsorption amount could be improved by around 20% for 45PEI-5TEP/SBA-15 compared to the additive-free adsorbent. This could be attributed to the decrease of CO2 diffusion resistance in the PEI bulk network due to the interactions between TEP and loaded PEI molecules, which was further confirmed by adsorption kinetics results. In addition, it was also found that the cyclic performance of the TEP-modified adsorbent was better than the surfactant-free one. This could be due to two main reasons, based on the results of in situ DRIFT and TG-DSC tests. First and more importantly, adsorbed CO2 species could be desorbed more rapidly over TEP-modified adsorbent during the thermal desorption process. Furthermore, the enhanced thermal stability after TEP addition ensured lower degradation of amine groups during adsorption/desorption cycles. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.

I. M. Pei's East Building: Solving Problems of Form and Function. Teacher's Guide. School Arts: Looking/Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hinish, Heidi

Ieoh Ming (I. M.) Pei, born in Canton, China, came to the United States in 1935 to study architecture, first at the University of Pennsylvania, then at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and at Harvard University's Graduate School of Design. Today, Pei's reputation and architectural contributions are renowned worldwide. He has designed…

Erwinia amylovora Novel Plasmid pEI70: Complete Sequence, Biogeography, and Role in Aggressiveness in the Fire Blight Phytopathogen

PubMed Central

Llop, Pablo; Cabrefiga, Jordi; Smits, Theo H. M.; Dreo, Tanja; Barbé, Silvia; Pulawska, Joanna; Bultreys, Alain; Blom, Jochen; Duffy, Brion; Montesinos, Emilio; López, María M.

2011-01-01

Comparative genomics of several strains of Erwinia amylovora, a plant pathogenic bacterium causal agent of fire blight disease, revealed that its diversity is primarily attributable to the flexible genome comprised of plasmids. We recently identified and sequenced in full a novel 65.8 kb plasmid, called pEI70. Annotation revealed a lack of known virulence-related genes, but found evidence for a unique integrative conjugative element related to that of other plant and human pathogens. Comparative analyses using BLASTN showed that pEI70 is almost entirely included in plasmid pEB102 from E. billingiae, an epiphytic Erwinia of pome fruits, with sequence identities superior to 98%. A duplex PCR assay was developed to survey the prevalence of plasmid pEI70 and also that of pEA29, which had previously been described in several E. amylovora strains. Plasmid pEI70 was found widely dispersed across Europe with frequencies of 5–92%, but it was absent in E. amylovora analyzed populations from outside of Europe. Restriction analysis and hybridization demonstrated that this plasmid was identical in at least 13 strains. Curing E. amylovora strains of pEI70 reduced their aggressiveness on pear, and introducing pEI70 into low-aggressiveness strains lacking this plasmid increased symptoms development in this host. Discovery of this novel plasmid offers new insights into the biogeography, evolution and virulence determinants in E. amylovora. PMID:22174857

Erwinia amylovora novel plasmid pEI70: complete sequence, biogeography, and role in aggressiveness in the fire blight phytopathogen.

PubMed

Llop, Pablo; Cabrefiga, Jordi; Smits, Theo H M; Dreo, Tanja; Barbé, Silvia; Pulawska, Joanna; Bultreys, Alain; Blom, Jochen; Duffy, Brion; Montesinos, Emilio; López, María M

2011-01-01

Comparative genomics of several strains of Erwinia amylovora, a plant pathogenic bacterium causal agent of fire blight disease, revealed that its diversity is primarily attributable to the flexible genome comprised of plasmids. We recently identified and sequenced in full a novel 65.8 kb plasmid, called pEI70. Annotation revealed a lack of known virulence-related genes, but found evidence for a unique integrative conjugative element related to that of other plant and human pathogens. Comparative analyses using BLASTN showed that pEI70 is almost entirely included in plasmid pEB102 from E. billingiae, an epiphytic Erwinia of pome fruits, with sequence identities superior to 98%. A duplex PCR assay was developed to survey the prevalence of plasmid pEI70 and also that of pEA29, which had previously been described in several E. amylovora strains. Plasmid pEI70 was found widely dispersed across Europe with frequencies of 5-92%, but it was absent in E. amylovora analyzed populations from outside of Europe. Restriction analysis and hybridization demonstrated that this plasmid was identical in at least 13 strains. Curing E. amylovora strains of pEI70 reduced their aggressiveness on pear, and introducing pEI70 into low-aggressiveness strains lacking this plasmid increased symptoms development in this host. Discovery of this novel plasmid offers new insights into the biogeography, evolution and virulence determinants in E. amylovora.

Efficacy, safety and mechanism of HP-β-CD-PEI polymers as absorption enhancers on the intestinal absorption of poorly absorbable drugs in rats.

PubMed

Zhang, Hailong; Huang, Xiaoyan; Zhang, Yongjing; Gao, Yang

2017-03-01

Oral bioavailability of some hydrophilic therapeutic macromolecules was very poor, thus leading to their limited application in clinic. To investigate the efficacy, safety and mechanism of HP-β-CD-PEI polymers on the intestinal absorption of some poorly absorbable drugs in rats. Effects of HP-β-CD-PEI polymers on the intestinal absorptions of drugs were investigated by an in situ closed loop method in rats. The safety of HP-β-CD-PEI polymer was evaluated by measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and amount of protein released from rat intestinal perfusate. The absorption enhancing mechanisms were explored by the measurement of zeta potential, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and in vitro transport of FD4 (a paracellular marker) across rat intestinal membranes, respectively. HP-β-CD-PEI polymers, especially HP-β-CD-PEI 1800 , demonstrated excellent absorption enhancing effects on drug absorption in a concentration-dependent manner and the enhancing effect was more efficient in the small intestine than that in the large intestine. Five percent (w/v) HP-β-CD-PEI 1800 obviously decreased the TEER, accompanied with increase in the intestinal transport of FD4, indicating that absorption enhancing actions of HP-β-CD-PEI polymers were possibly performed by loosening tight junctions of intestinal epithelium cells, thereby increasing drug permeation via a paracellular pathway. A good liner relationship between absorption enhancing effects of HP-β-CD-PEI polymers and their zeta potentials suggested the contribution of positive charge on the surface of these polymers to their absorption enhancing effects. HP-β-CD-PEI polymers might be potential and safe absorption enhancers for improving oral delivery of poorly absorbable macromolecules including peptides and proteins.

Probing the effect of polymer molecular weight on penetration into the wood cell wall using polyethylenimine (PEI) as a model compound.

PubMed

Dorvel, Brian; Boopalachandran, Praveenkumar; Chen, Ida; Bowling, Andrew; Williams, Kerry; King, Steve

2018-05-01

Decking is one of the largest applications for the treated wood market. The most challenging property to obtain for treated wood is dimensional stability, which can be achieved, in part, by cell wall bulking, cell wall polymer crosslinking and removal of hygroscopic components in the cell wall. A commonly accepted key requirement is for the actives to infuse through the cell wall, which has a microporosity of ∼5-13 nm. Equally as challenging is being able to measure and quantify the cell wall penetration. Branched polyethylenimine (PEI) was studied as a model polymer for penetration due to its water solubility, polarity, variable molecular weight ranges, and ability to form a chelation complex with preservative metals to treat lumbers. Two different molecular weight polyethylenimines (PEI), one with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) equal to 800 Da and the other 750 000 Da, were investigated for penetration by microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. Analytical methods were developed to both create smooth interfaces and for relative quantitation and visualisation of PEI penetration into the wood. The results showed both PEI with Mw of 800 Da and PEI with Mw of 750 000 Da coated the lumens in high density. However, only the PEI with Mw of 800 appeared to penetrate the cell walls in sufficient levels. Literature has shown the hydrodynamic radii of PEI 750 000 is near 29 nm, whereas a smaller PEI at 25 K showed 4.5 nm. Most importantly the results, based on methods developed, show how molecular weight and tertiary structure of the polymer can affect its penetration, with the microporosity of the wood being the main barrier. © 2017 The Authors Journal of Microscopy © 2017 Royal Microscopical Society.

Aminopolymer Mobility and Support Interactions in Silica-PEI Composites for CO 2 Capture Applications: A Quasielastic Neutron Scattering Study

DOE PAGES

Holewinski, Adam; Sakwa-Novak, Miles A.; Carrillo, Jan-Michael Y.; ...

2017-05-30

Composite gas sorbents, formed from an active polymer phase and a porous support, are promising materials for the separation of acid gases from a variety of gas streams. Significant changes in sorption performance (capacity, rate, stability etc.) can be achieved by tuning the properties of the polymer and the nature of interactions between polymer and support. We utilize quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to characterize the dynamic behavior of the most commonly reported polymer in such materials, poly(ethylenimine) (PEI), both in bulk form and when supported in a mesoporous silica framework. The polymer chain dynamicsmore » (rotational and translational diffusion) are characterized using two neutron backscattering spectrometers that have overlapping time scales, ranging from picoseconds to a few nanoseconds. Two modes of motion are detected for the PEI molecule in QENS. At low energy transfers, a “slow process” on the time scale of ~200 ps is found and attributed to jump-mediated, center-of-mass diffusion. Second, a “fast process” at ~20 ps scale is also found and is attributed to a locally confined, jump-diffusion. Characteristic data (time scale and spectral weight) of these processes are compared to those characterized by MD, and reasonable agreement is found. For the nanopore-confined PEI, we observe a significant reduction in the time scale of polymer motion as compared to the bulk. The impacts of silica surface functionalization and of polymer fill fraction in the silica pores (controlling the portion of polymer molecules in contact with the pore walls), are both studied in detail. Hydrophobic functionalization of the silica leads to an increase of the PEI mobility above that in native silanol-terminated silica, but the dynamics are still slower than those in bulk PEI. Sorbents with faster PEI dynamics are also found to be more efficient for CO 2 capture, possibly because sorption sites are

Efficacious cellular codelivery of doxorubicin and EGFP siRNA mediated by the composition of PLGA and PEI protected gold nanoparticles.

PubMed

Kumar, Krishan; Vulugundam, Gururaja; Jaiswal, Pradeep Kumar; Shyamlal, Bharti Rajesh Kumar; Chaudhary, Sandeep

2017-09-15

This study reports the simultaneous delivery of EGFP siRNA and the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin by means of the composition that results from the electrostatic interaction between positively charged siRNA-complexes of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) capped with PEI, 25kDa (P25-AuNPs) and negatively charged carboxymethyl cellulose formulated PLGA nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin. The nanoparticles and their facile interaction were studied by means of dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, transmission electron microscopic (TEM) measurements. The flow cytometric and confocal microscopic analysis evidenced the simultaneous internalization of both labelled siRNA and doxorubin into around 55% of the HeLa cancer cell population. Fluorescence microscopic studies enabled the visual analysis of EGFP expressing HeLa cells which suggested that the composition mediated codelivery resulted in a substantial downregulation of EGFP expression and intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin. Interestingly, codelivery treatment resulted in an increased cellular delivery of doxorubicin when compared to PLGA-DOX alone treatment. On the other hand, the activity of siRNA complexes of PEI-AuNPs was completely retained even when they were part of composition. The results suggest that this formulation can serve as promising tool for delivery applications in combinatorial anticancer therapy. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Enhanced Delivery of Plasmid Encoding Interleukin-12 Gene by Diethylene Triamine Penta-Acetic Acid (DTPA)-Conjugated PEI Nanoparticles.

PubMed

Dehshahri, Ali; Sadeghpour, Hossein; Keykhaee, Maryam; Khalvati, Bahman; Sheikhsaran, Fatemeh

2016-05-01

Recombinant therapeutic proteins have been considered as an efficient category of medications used for the treatment of various diseases. Despite their effectiveness, there are some reports on the systemic adverse effects of recombinant therapeutic proteins limiting their wide clinical applications. Among different cytokines used for cancer immunotherapy, interleukin-12 (IL-12) has shown great ability as a powerful antitumor and antiangiogenic agent. However, significant toxic reactions following the systemic administration of IL-12 have led researchers to seek for alternative approaches such as the delivery and local expression of the IL-12 gene inside the tumor tissues. In order to transfer the plasmid encoding IL-12 gene, the most extensively investigated polycationic polymer, polyethylenimine (PEI), was modified by diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) to modulate the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance of the polymer as well as its toxicity. DTPA-conjugated PEI derivatives were able to form complexes in the size range around 100-180 nm with great condensation ability and protection of the plasmid against enzymatic degradation. The highest gene transfer ability was achieved by the DTPA-conjugated PEI at the conjugation degree of 0.1 % where the level of IL-12 production increased up to twofold compared with that of the unmodified PEI. Results of the present study demonstrated that modulation of the surface positive charge of PEI along with the improvement of the polymer hydrophobic balance could be considered as a successful strategy to develop safe and powerful nanocarriers.

VIEW OF DATE DRIVE, SHOWING DATE PALMS. NOTE TRELLIS ON ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW OF DATE DRIVE, SHOWING DATE PALMS. NOTE TRELLIS ON TYPE 11 FACILITY, FACILITY 808. VIEW FACING NORTHWEST - Camp H.M. Smith and Navy Public Works Center Manana Title VII (Capehart) Housing, Intersection of Acacia Road and Brich Circle, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

Waste management facility accident analysis (WASTE ACC) system: software for analysis of waste management alternatives

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kohout, E.F.; Folga, S.; Mueller, C.

1996-03-01

This paper describes the Waste Management Facility Accident Analysis (WASTE{underscore}ACC) software, which was developed at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) to support the US Department of Energy`s (DOE`s) Waste Management (WM) Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS). WASTE{underscore}ACC is a decision support and database system that is compatible with Microsoft{reg_sign} Windows{trademark}. It assesses potential atmospheric releases from accidents at waste management facilities. The software provides the user with an easy-to-use tool to determine the risk-dominant accident sequences for the many possible combinations of process technologies, waste and facility types, and alternative cases described in the WM PEIS. In addition, its structure willmore » allow additional alternative cases and assumptions to be tested as part of the future DOE programmatic decision-making process. The WASTE{underscore}ACC system demonstrates one approach to performing a generic, systemwide evaluation of accident risks at waste management facilities. The advantages of WASTE{underscore}ACC are threefold. First, the software gets waste volume and radiological profile data that were used to perform other WM PEIS-related analyses directly from the WASTE{underscore}MGMT system. Second, the system allows for a consistent analysis across all sites and waste streams, which enables decision makers to understand more fully the trade-offs among various policy options and scenarios. Third, the system is easy to operate; even complex scenario runs are completed within minutes.« less

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Vvvv of... - Compliance Dates for New and Existing Boat Manufacturing Facilities

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Boat Manufacturing Facilities 1 Table 1 to Subpart VVVV of Part 63 Protection of Environment... AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Boat... Existing Boat Manufacturing Facilities As specified in § 63.5695, you must comply by the dates in the...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Vvvv of... - Compliance Dates for New and Existing Boat Manufacturing Facilities

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Boat Manufacturing Facilities 1 Table 1 to Subpart VVVV of Part 63 Protection of Environment... AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Boat... Existing Boat Manufacturing Facilities As specified in § 63.5695, you must comply by the dates in the...

Linear and Branched PEIs (Polyethylenimines) and Their Property Space.

PubMed

Lungu, Claudiu N; Diudea, Mircea V; Putz, Mihai V; Grudziński, Ireneusz P

2016-04-13

A chemical property space defines the adaptability of a molecule to changing conditions and its interaction with other molecular systems determining a pharmacological response. Within a congeneric molecular series (compounds with the same derivatization algorithm and thus the same brute formula) the chemical properties vary in a monotonic manner, i.e., congeneric compounds share the same chemical property space. The chemical property space is a key component in molecular design, where some building blocks are functionalized, i.e., derivatized, and eventually self-assembled in more complex systems, such as enzyme-ligand systems, of which (physico-chemical) properties/bioactivity may be predicted by QSPR/QSAR (quantitative structure-property/activity relationship) studies. The system structure is determined by the binding type (temporal/permanent; electrostatic/covalent) and is reflected in its local electronic (and/or magnetic) properties. Such nano-systems play the role of molecular devices, important in nano-medicine. In the present article, the behavior of polyethylenimine (PEI) macromolecules (linear LPEI and branched BPEI, respectively) with respect to the glucose oxidase enzyme GOx is described in terms of their (interacting) energy, geometry and topology, in an attempt to find the best shape and size of PEIs to be useful for a chosen (nanochemistry) purpose.

Linear and Branched PEIs (Polyethylenimines) and Their Property Space

PubMed Central

Lungu, Claudiu N.; Diudea, Mircea V.; Putz, Mihai V.; Grudziński, Ireneusz P.

2016-01-01

A chemical property space defines the adaptability of a molecule to changing conditions and its interaction with other molecular systems determining a pharmacological response. Within a congeneric molecular series (compounds with the same derivatization algorithm and thus the same brute formula) the chemical properties vary in a monotonic manner, i.e., congeneric compounds share the same chemical property space. The chemical property space is a key component in molecular design, where some building blocks are functionalized, i.e., derivatized, and eventually self-assembled in more complex systems, such as enzyme-ligand systems, of which (physico-chemical) properties/bioactivity may be predicted by QSPR/QSAR (quantitative structure-property/activity relationship) studies. The system structure is determined by the binding type (temporal/permanent; electrostatic/covalent) and is reflected in its local electronic (and/or magnetic) properties. Such nano-systems play the role of molecular devices, important in nano-medicine. In the present article, the behavior of polyethylenimine (PEI) macromolecules (linear LPEI and branched BPEI, respectively) with respect to the glucose oxidase enzyme GOx is described in terms of their (interacting) energy, geometry and topology, in an attempt to find the best shape and size of PEIs to be useful for a chosen (nanochemistry) purpose. PMID:27089324

Effect of polymer concentration on the structure and performance of PEI hollow fiber membrane contactor for CO2 stripping.

PubMed

Naim, R; Ismail, A F

2013-04-15

A series of polyetherimide (PEI) hollow fiber membranes with various polymer concentrations (13-16 wt.%) for CO2 stripping process in membrane contactor application was fabricated via wet phase inversion method. The PEI membranes were characterized in terms of liquid entry pressure, contact angle, gas permeation and morphology analysis. CO2 stripping performance was investigated via membrane contactor system in a stainless steel module with aqueous diethanolamine as liquid absorbent. The hollow fiber membranes showed decreasing patterns in gas permeation, contact angle, mean pore size and effective surface porosity with increasing polymer concentration. On the contrary, wetting pressure of PEI membranes has enhanced significantly with polymer concentration. Various polymer concentrations have different effects on the CO2 stripping flux in which membrane with 14 wt.% polymer concentration showed the highest stripping flux of 2.7 × 10(-2)mol/m(2)s. From the performance comparison with other commercial membrane, it is anticipated that the PEI membrane has a good prospect in CO2 stripping via membrane contactor. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Design of PEI-conjugated bio-reducible polymer for efficient gene delivery.

PubMed

Nam, Joung-Pyo; Kim, Soyoung; Kim, Sung Wan

2018-07-10

The poly(cystaminebis(acrylamide)-diaminohexane) (poly(CBA-DAH)) was designed previously as a bio-reducible efficient gene delivery carrier. However, the high weight ratio required to form the polyplexes between poly(CBA-DAH) with pDNA is still a problem that needs to be addressed. To solve this problem and increase the transfection efficiency, poly(ethylenimine) (PEI, 1.8 kDa) was conjugated to poly(CBA-DAH) via disulfide bond. The PEI conjugated poly(CBA-DAH) (PCDP) can bind with pDNA at a very low weight ratio of 0.5 and above, like PEI 25 kDa, and form the polyplexes with nano-size (102-128 nm) and positive surface charge (27-34 mV). PCDP and PCDP polyplexes had negligible cytotoxicity and indicated similar or better cellular uptake than the comparison groups such as PEI 25 kDa and Lipofectamine® polyplexes. To confirm the transfection efficiency, the plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoded with the luciferase reporter gene (gWiz-Luc) and green fluorescent protein reporter gene (GFP) were used and treated with PCDP into the A549, Huh-7, and Mia PaCa-2 cells. PCDP/pDNA polyplexes showed highest transfection efficiency in all tested cell lines. In the luciferase assay, PCDP polyplexes showed 10.2 times higher gene transfection efficiency than Lipofectamine® polyplexes in mimic in vivo conditions (30% FBS, A549 cells). The VEGF siRNA expressing plasmid (pshVEGF), which is constructed as a therapeutic gene by our previous work, was delivered by PCDP into the cancer cells. The VEGF gene expression of PCDP/pshVEGF polyplexes was dramatically lower than control and the VEGF gene silencing efficiencies of PCDP/pshVEGF (w/w; 10/1) polyplexes were 54% (A549 cells), 77% (Huh-7 cells), and 66% (Mia PaCa-2 cells). In addition, PCDP/pshVEGF had reduced cell viability rates of about 31% (A549 cells), 39% (Huh-7 cells), and 42% (Mia PaCa-2 cells) and showed better results than all comparison groups. In the transfection efficiency and VEGF silencing assay, PCDP polyplexes showed

Transferable green fluorescence-tagged pEI2 in Edwardsiella ictaluri

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The pEI2 plasmid of Edwardsiella ictaluri isolate, I49, was tagged using a Tn10-GFP-kan cassette to create the green fluorescence-expressing derivative I49-gfp. The Tn10-GFP-kan insertion site was mapped by plasmid sequencing to 663 bp upstream of orf2 and appeared to be at a neutral site in the pla...

Composition of PLGA and PEI/DNA nanoparticles improves ultrasound-mediated gene delivery in solid tumors in vivo.

PubMed

Chumakova, Olga V; Liopo, Anton V; Andreev, Valery G; Cicenaite, Inga; Evers, B Mark; Chakrabarty, Shilla; Pappas, Todd C; Esenaliev, Rinat O

2008-03-18

The goal of this study was to enhance gene delivery and tumor cell transfection in vivo by using a combination of ultrasonication with complex nanoparticles consisting of two types of nanoparticles: PEI/DNA beta-gal plasmid with highly positive zeta-potential and air-filled poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles (with negative zeta-potential) manufactured in our laboratory. The PLGA/PEI/DNA nanoparticles were a colloid with positive zeta-potential and injected i.v. in nude mice with DU145 human prostate tumors. We found that the combination of PLGA/PEI/DNA nanoparticles with ultrasonication substantially enhanced tumor cell transfection in vivo. The overexpression of beta-gal gene was evaluated histochemically and by Western blot analysis. At least an 8-fold increase of the cell transfection efficacy was obtained in irradiated tumors compared to non-irradiated controls, while little to no cell death was produced by ultrasonication.

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Vvvv of... - Compliance Dates for New and Existing Boat Manufacturing Facilities

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Boat Manufacturing Facilities 1 Table 1 to Subpart VVVV of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Pollutants for Boat Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. VVVV, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart VVVV of Part 63—Compliance Dates for New and Existing Boat Manufacturing Facilities As specified in § 63.5695, you must comply by...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Vvvv of... - Compliance Dates for New and Existing Boat Manufacturing Facilities

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Boat Manufacturing Facilities 1 Table 1 to Subpart VVVV of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Pollutants for Boat Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. VVVV, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart VVVV of Part 63—Compliance Dates for New and Existing Boat Manufacturing Facilities As specified in § 63.5695, you must comply by...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Vvvv of... - Compliance Dates for New and Existing Boat Manufacturing Facilities

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Boat Manufacturing Facilities 1 Table 1 to Subpart VVVV of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Pollutants for Boat Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. VVVV, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart VVVV of Part 63—Compliance Dates for New and Existing Boat Manufacturing Facilities As specified in § 63.5695, you must comply by...

Polio Eradication Initiative (PEI) contribution in strengthening public health laboratories systems in the African region.

PubMed

Gumede, Nicksy; Coulibaly, Sheick Oumar; Yahaya, Ali Ahmed; Ndihokubwayo, Jean-Bosco; Nsubuga, Peter; Okeibunor, Joseph; Dosseh, Annick; Salla, Mbaye; Mihigo, Richard; Mkanda, Pascal; Byabamazima, Charles

2016-10-10

The laboratory has always played a very critical role in diagnosis of the diseases. The success of any disease programme is based on a functional laboratory network. Health laboratory services are an integral component of the health system. Efficiency and effectiveness of both clinical and public health functions including surveillance, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, research and health promotion are influenced by reliable laboratory services. The establishment of the African Regional polio laboratory for the Polio Eradication Initiative (PEI) has contributed in supporting countries in their efforts to strengthen laboratory capacity. On the eve of the closing of the program, we have shown through this article, examples of this contribution in two countries of the African region: Côte d'Ivoire and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Descriptive studies were carried out in Côte d'Ivoire (RCI) and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) from October to December 2014. Questionnaires and self-administered and in-depth interviews and group discussions as well as records and observation were used to collect information during laboratory visits and assessments. The PEI financial support allows to maintain the majority of the 14 (DRC) and 12 (RCI) staff involved in the polio laboratory as full or in part time members. Through laboratory technical staff training supported by the PEI, skills and knowledge were gained to reinforce laboratories capacity and performance in quality laboratory functioning, processes and techniques such as cell culture. In the same way, infrastructure was improved and equipment provided. General laboratory quality standards, including the entire laboratory key elements was improved through the PEI accreditation process. The Polio Eradication Initiative (PEI) is a good example of contribution in strengthening public health laboratories systems in the African region. It has established strong Polio Laboratory network that contributed to the

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Wwww of... - Compliance Dates for New and Existing Reinforced Plastic Composites Facilities

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Reinforced Plastic Composites Facilities 2 Table 2 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Pollutants: Reinforced Plastic Composites Production Pt. 63, Subpt. WWWW, Table 2 Table 2 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63—Compliance Dates for New and Existing Reinforced Plastic Composites Facilities As required in...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Wwww of... - Compliance Dates for New and Existing Reinforced Plastic Composites Facilities

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Reinforced Plastic Composites Facilities 2 Table 2 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Pollutants: Reinforced Plastic Composites Production Pt. 63, Subpt. WWWW, Table 2 Table 2 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63—Compliance Dates for New and Existing Reinforced Plastic Composites Facilities As required in...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Wwww of... - Compliance Dates for New and Existing Reinforced Plastic Composites Facilities

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Reinforced Plastic Composites Facilities 2 Table 2 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Pollutants: Reinforced Plastic Composites Production Pt. 63, Subpt. WWWW, Table 2 Table 2 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63—Compliance Dates for New and Existing Reinforced Plastic Composites Facilities As required in...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Wwww of... - Compliance Dates for New and Existing Reinforced Plastic Composites Facilities

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Reinforced Plastic Composites Facilities 2 Table 2 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63 Protection of Environment...: Reinforced Plastic Composites Production Pt. 63, Subpt. WWWW, Table 2 Table 2 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63—Compliance Dates for New and Existing Reinforced Plastic Composites Facilities As required in §§ 63.5800 and...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Wwww of... - Compliance Dates for New and Existing Reinforced Plastic Composites Facilities

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Reinforced Plastic Composites Facilities 2 Table 2 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63 Protection of Environment...: Reinforced Plastic Composites Production Pt. 63, Subpt. WWWW, Table 2 Table 2 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63—Compliance Dates for New and Existing Reinforced Plastic Composites Facilities As required in §§ 63.5800 and...

Department of Energy Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) scoping session

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1992-12-31

The purpose of this programmatic environmental impact statement (PEIS) scoping meeting was: to present the ground water program so as to build some familiarity and understanding about the issue involved; and to get the Durango community`s input. This report contains the presentations made by the project manager for the uranium mill tailings program, site manager for the Durango UMTRA site, manager of ground water hydrology, and includes comments made by local residents.

Targeted Delivery of siRNA to Activated T Cells via Transferrin-Polyethylenimine (Tf-PEI) as a Potential Therapy of Asthma

PubMed Central

Xie, Yuran; Kim, Na Hyung; Nadithe, Venkatareddy; Schalk, Dana; Thakur, Archana; Kılıç, Ayşe; Lum, Lawrence G.; Bassett, David JP; Merkel, Olivia M

2016-01-01

Asthma is a worldwide health problem. Activated T cells (ATCs) in the lung, particularly T helper 2 cells (Th2), are strongly associated with inducing airway inflammatory responses and chemoattraction of inflammatory cells in asthma. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) as a promising anti-sense molecule can specifically silence inflammation related genes in ATCs, however, lack of safe and efficient siRNA delivery systems limits the application of siRNA as a therapeutic molecule in asthma. Here, we designed a novel pulmonary delivery system of siRNA, transferrin-polyethylenimine (Tf-PEI), to selectively deliver siRNA to ATCs in the lung. Tf-PEI polyplexes demonstrated optimal physicochemical properties such as size, distribution, zeta-potential, and siRNA condensation efficiency. Moreover, in vitro studies showed significantly enhanced cellular uptake and gene knockdown mediated by Tf-PEI polyplexes in human primary ATCs. Biodistribution of polyplexes in a murine asthmatic model confirmed that Tf-PEI polyplexes can efficiently and selectively deliver siRNA to ATCs. In conclusion, the present work proves the feasibility to target ATCs in asthma via Tf receptor. This strategy could potentially be used to design an efficient siRNA delivery system for asthma therapy. PMID:27001893

Free volume study on the miscibility of PEEK/PEI blend using positron annihilation and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramani, R.; Alam, S.

2015-06-01

High performance polymer blend of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and poly(ether imide) (PEI) was examined for their free volume behaviour using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis methods. The fractional free volume obtained from PALS shows a negative deviation from linear additivity rule implying good miscibility between PEEK and PEI. The dynamic modulus and loss tangent were obtained for the blends at three different frequencies 1, 10 and 100 Hz at temperatures close to and above their glass transition temperature. Applying Time-Temperature-Superposition (TTS) principle to the DMTA results, master curves were obtained at a reference temperature To and the WLF coefficients c01 and c02 were evaluated. Both the methods give similar results for the dependence of fractional free volume on PEI content in this blend. The results reveal that free volume plays an important role in determining the visco-elastic properties in miscible polymer blends.

75 FR 6003 - Preparation of a Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) for the Stationing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-05

... flexibility and responsiveness to meet today's evolving world conditions and threats to national defense and security. The PEIS will analyze the proposed action's impacts upon the natural, cultural, and manmade...

The interface modification for GNWs/Si Schottky junction with PEI/PEIE interlayers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Quan; Liu, Xiangzhi; Luo, Wei; Shen, Jun; Wang, Yuefeng; Wei, Dapeng

2018-03-01

Polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) and polyethyl-enimine (PEI), the two kinds of interface buffer layer, are widely used in the organic light-emitting diodes and solar cells for band alignment adjustment. In this report, we carefully studied the influence of the inserting organic layer on the graphene nanowalls(GNWS)/Si junction quality and the photoresponse of the Schottky devices. We found that thinner layers of PEI could decrease the dark current and improve the photo-to-dark ratio to 105 for n-Si devices. The s-kink effect and degradation of open circuit voltage could be observed for thicker thickness and excessive doping. Relatively, PEIE with stable thin layer not only improve the rectifying characteristics of p-Si devices but also the incident photon conversion efficiency. The maximus IPCE could reach 44% and be adjusted to zero by the reverse bias. The tunneling inhibition for electrons can be alleviated by increasing the barrier height. Our results provide an attractive method to improve the efficiency of pristine GNWs/Si junction with interface doping and passivation.

Formation and characterization of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) - polyethyleneglycol (PEG) - polyethyleneimine (PEI) coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles for loading and releasing 5-Fluorouracil drug.

PubMed

Prabha, G; Raj, V

2016-05-01

In this work, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) - polyethyleneglycol (PEG) - polyethyleneimine (PEI) coated iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-β-CD-PEG-PEI) were developed as drug carriers for drug delivery applications. The 5- Fluorouracil (5-FU) was chosen as model drug molecule. The developed nanoparticles (Fe3O4-β-CD-PEG-PEI) were characterized by various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The average particles size range of 5-FU loaded Fe3O4-β-CD, Fe3O4-β-CD-PEG and Fe3O4-β-CD-PEG-PEI nanoparticles were from 151 to 300nm and zeta potential value of nanoparticles were from -43mV to -20mV as measured using Malvern Zetasizer. Finally, encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC) and in-vitro drug release performance of 5-FU drug loaded Fe3O4-β-CD, Fe3O4-β-CD-PEG and Fe3O4-β-CD-PEG-PEI nanoparticles was evaluated by UV-vis spectroscopy. In-vitro cytotoxicity tests investigated by MTT assay indicate that 5-FU loaded Fe3O4-β-CD-PEG-PEI nanoparticles were toxic to cancer cells and non-toxic to normal cells. The in-vitro release behavior of 5-FU from drug (5-FU) loaded Fe3O4-β-CD-PEG-PEI composite at different pH values and temperature was studied. It was found that 5-FU was released faster in pH 6.8 than in the acidic mediums (pH 1.2), and the released quantity was higher. Therefore, the newly prepared Fe3O4-β-CD-PEG-PEI carrier exhibits a promising potential capability for anticancer drug delivery in tumor therapy. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Targeted delivery of siRNA to activated T cells via transferrin-polyethylenimine (Tf-PEI) as a potential therapy of asthma.

PubMed

Xie, Yuran; Kim, Na Hyung; Nadithe, Venkatareddy; Schalk, Dana; Thakur, Archana; Kılıç, Ayşe; Lum, Lawrence G; Bassett, David J P; Merkel, Olivia M

2016-05-10

Asthma is a worldwide health problem. Activated T cells (ATCs) in the lung, particularly T helper 2 cells (Th2), are strongly associated with inducing airway inflammatory responses and chemoattraction of inflammatory cells in asthma. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) as a promising anti-sense molecule can specifically silence inflammation related genes in ATCs, however, lack of safe and efficient siRNA delivery systems limits the application of siRNA as a therapeutic molecule in asthma. Here, we designed a novel pulmonary delivery system of siRNA, transferrin-polyethylenimine (Tf-PEI), to selectively deliver siRNA to ATCs in the lung. Tf-PEI polyplexes demonstrated optimal physicochemical properties such as size, distribution, zeta-potential, and siRNA condensation efficiency. Moreover, in vitro studies showed significantly enhanced cellular uptake and gene knockdown mediated by Tf-PEI polyplexes in human primary ATCs. Biodistribution of polyplexes in a murine asthmatic model confirmed that Tf-PEI polyplexes can efficiently and selectively deliver siRNA to ATCs. In conclusion, the present work proves the feasibility to target ATCs in asthma via Tf receptor. This strategy could potentially be used to design an efficient siRNA delivery system for asthma therapy. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Preparation and characterization of polymer blend based on sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) and polyetherimide (SPEEK/PEI) as proton exchange membranes for fuel cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hashim, Nordiana; Ali, Ab Malik Marwan; Lepit, Ajis

2015-08-28

Blends of sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and polyetherimide (PEI) were prepared in five different weight ratios using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent by the solution cast technique. The degree of sulfonation (DS) of the sulfonated PEEK was determined from deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d{sub 6}) solution of the purified polymer using {sup 1}H NMR method. The properties studied in the present investigation includes conductivity, water uptake, thermal stability and structure analysis of pure SPEEK as well as SPEEK-PEI polymer blend membranes. The experimental results show that the conductivity of the membranes increased with increase in temperature from 30 to 80°C,more » except for that of pure SPEEK membrane which increased with temperature from 30 to 60°C while its conductivity decreased with increasing temperature from 60 to 80°C. The conductivity of 70wt.%SPEEK-30wt.%PEI blend membrane at 80% relative humidity (RH) is found to be 1.361 × 10{sup −3} Scm{sup −1} at 30°C and 3.383 × 10{sup −3} Scm{sup −1} at 80°C respectively. It was also found that water uptake and thermal stability of the membranes slightly improved upon blending with PEI. Structure analysis was carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy which revealed considerable interactions between sulfonic acid group of SPEEK and imide groups of PEI. Modification of SPEEK by blending with PEI shows good potential for improving the electrical and physical properties of proton exchange membranes.« less

N-AC-l-Leu-PEI-mediated miR-34a delivery improves osteogenic differentiation under orthodontic force.

PubMed

Yu, Wenwen; Zheng, Yi; Yang, Zhujun; Fei, Hongbo; Wang, Yang; Hou, Xu; Sun, Xinhua; Shen, Yuqin

2017-12-15

Rare therapeutic genes or agents are reported to control orthodontic bone remodeling. MicroRNAs have recently been associated with bone metabolism. Here, we report the in vitro and in vivo effects of miR-34a on osteogenic differentiation under orthodontic force using an N -acetyl-L-leucine-modified polyethylenimine ( N -Ac-l-Leu-PEI) carrier. N -Ac-l-Leu-PEI exhibited low cytotoxicity and high miR-34a transfection efficiency in rat bone mineral stem cells and local alveolar bone tissue. After transfection, miR-34a enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of Runx2 and ColI , Runx2 and ColI protein levels, and early osteogenesis function under orthodontic strain in vitro . MiR-34a also enhanced alveolar bone remodeling under orthodontic force in vivo , as evidenced by elevated gene and protein expression, upregulated indices of alveolar bone anabolism, and diminished tooth movement. We determined that the mechanism miR-34a in osteogenesis under orthodontic force may be associated with GSK-3β. These results suggested that miR-34a delivered by N -Ac-l-Leu-PEI could be a potential therapeutic target for orthodontic treatment.

Self-assembled mPEG-PCL-g-PEI micelles for multifunctional nanoprobes of doxorubicin delivery and magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging.

PubMed

Guo, Qingfa; Kuang, Lei; Cao, Hui; Li, Weizhong; Wei, Jing

2015-12-01

In this paper, a novel bifunctional nanoprobe based on polyethylene glycol(MPEG)-poly(ϵ-caprolactone)(ϵ-CL)-polyethylenimine(PEI) labeled with FITC (MPEG-PCL-PEI-FITC, PCIF) were prepared to provide tumor therapy and simultaneous diagnostic information via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) and doxorubicin (DOX) loaded PCIF (PCIF/SPIO/DOX) nanoprobes were prepared by self-assembling into micelles, which had uniformly distributed particle size of 130 ± 5 nm and a zeta potential of +35 ± 2 mV. Transmission electronic microscopy(TEM) showed that SPIO NPs were loaded into PCIF micelles. The PCIF/SPIO/DOX nanoprobes were superparamagnetic at 300 K with saturated magnetization of 20.5 emu/g Fe by vibrating-sample-magnetomete (VSM). Studies on cellular uptake of PCIF/SPIO/DOX nanoprobes demonstrated that SPIO NPs, DOX and FITC labeled MPEG-PCL-PEI were simultaneously taken up by the breast cancer (4T1) cells. After intravenous injection of PCIF/SPIO/DOX nanoprobes in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, SPIO NPs, DOX and FITC labeled MPEG-PCL-PEI micelles were simultaneously delivered into tumor tissue by histochemisty. This work is important for the applications to multimodal diagnostic and theragnosis as nanomedicine. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

76 FR 6455 - Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) for the Growth, Realignment, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-04

... significant but mitigable impacts to water resources at YTC. At PCMS, cumulative impacts to soils are... training and force management. The Final PEIS evaluates the environmental impacts associated with the... integrated training with ground units. Land acquisition is not being considered as part of this action...

75 FR 55312 - Preparation of a Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) for the Growth, Realignment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-10

... disturbance, as well as additional impacts to soils, biological resources, surface water, and vegetation... management. The PEIS will evaluate the environmental impacts associated with the proposed action, which... order to maintain training proficiency and support integrated training with ground units. Land...

Hypoxia-inducible bidirectional shRNA expression vector delivery using PEI/chitosan-TBA copolymers for colorectal Cancer gene therapy.

PubMed

Javan, Bita; Atyabi, Fatemeh; Shahbazi, Majid

2018-06-01

This investigation was conducted to construct a hypoxia/colorectal dual-specific bidirectional short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vector and to transfect it into the colon cancer cell line HT-29 with PEI/chitosan-TBA nanoparticles for the simultaneous knock down of β-catenin and Bcl-2 under hypoxia. To construct a pRNA-bipHRE-CEA vector, the carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) promoter designed in two directions and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) enhancer were inserted between two promoters for hypoxic cancer specific gene expression. To confirm the therapeutic effect of the dual-specific vector, β-catenin and Bcl-2 shRNAs were inserted downstream of each promoter. The physicochemical properties, the cytotoxicity, and the transfection efficiency of these PEI/chitosan-TBA nanoparticles were investigated. In addition, the antitumor effects of the designed vector on the expression of β-catenin and Bcl-2, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis were investigated in vitro. The silencing effect of the hypoxia-response shRNA expression vector was relatively low (18%-25%) under normoxia, whereas it was significantly increased to approximately 50%-60% in the HT-29 cell line. Moreover, the cancer cells showed significant G0/G1 arrest and increased apoptosis due to gene silencing under hypoxia. Furthermore, MTS assay, fluorescence microscopy images, and flow cytometry analyses confirmed that the PEI/chitosan-TBA blend system provided effective transfection with low cytotoxicity. This novel hypoxia-responsive shRNA expression vector may be useful for RNA interference (RNAi)-based cancer gene therapy in hypoxic colorectal tumors. Moreover, the PEI/chitosan-TBA copolymer might be a promising gene carrier for use in gene transfer in vivo. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Analysis of accident sequences and source terms at waste treatment and storage facilities for waste generated by U.S. Department of Energy Waste Management Operations, Volume 3: Appendixes C-H

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mueller, C.; Nabelssi, B.; Roglans-Ribas, J.

1995-04-01

This report contains the Appendices for the Analysis of Accident Sequences and Source Terms at Waste Treatment and Storage Facilities for Waste Generated by the U.S. Department of Energy Waste Management Operations. The main report documents the methodology, computational framework, and results of facility accident analyses performed as a part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Waste Management Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (WM PEIS). The accident sequences potentially important to human health risk are specified, their frequencies are assessed, and the resultant radiological and chemical source terms are evaluated. A personal computer-based computational framework and database have been developedmore » that provide these results as input to the WM PEIS for calculation of human health risk impacts. This report summarizes the accident analyses and aggregates the key results for each of the waste streams. Source terms are estimated and results are presented for each of the major DOE sites and facilities by WM PEIS alternative for each waste stream. The appendices identify the potential atmospheric release of each toxic chemical or radionuclide for each accident scenario studied. They also provide discussion of specific accident analysis data and guidance used or consulted in this report.« less

75 FR 80798 - Notice of Intent To Prepare a Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) for Land...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-23

... Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) for Land Acquisition, South Texas Training Center (STTC), in McMullen... ownership, would become the STTC. This action will support the training requirements of the TXARNG units... enhance realistic training conditions. No adequate maneuver training land is currently available within a...

Polylysine-modified polyethylenimine (PEI-PLL) mediated VEGF gene delivery protects dopaminergic neurons in cell culture and in rat models of Parkinson's Disease (PD).

PubMed

Sheikh, Muhammad Abid; Malik, Yousra Saeed; Xing, Zhenkai; Guo, Zhaopei; Tian, Huayu; Zhu, Xiaojuan; Chen, Xuesi

2017-05-01

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor deficits which result from the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Gene therapy using growth factors such as VEGF seems to be a viable approach for potential therapeutic treatment of PD. In this study, we utilized a novel non-viral gene carrier designated as PEI-PLL synthesized by our laboratory to deliver VEGF gene to study its effect by using both cell culture as well as animal models of PD. For cell culture experiments, we utilized 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) mediated cell death model of MN9D cells following transfection with either a control plasmid or VEGF expressing plasmid. As compared to control transfected cells, PEI-PLL mediated VEGF gene delivery to MN9D cells resulted in increased cell viability, increase in the number of Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive cells and decreased apoptosis following 6-OHDA insult. Next, we studied the therapeutic potential of PEI-PLL mediated VEGF gene delivery in SNPc by using unilateral 6-OHDA Medial forebrain bundle (MFB) lesion model of PD in rats. VEGF administration prevented the loss of motor functions induced by 6-OHDA as determined by behavior analysis. Similarly, VEGF inhibited the 6-OHDA mediated loss of DA neurons in Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta (SNPc) as well as DA nerve fibers in striatum as determined by TH immunostaining. In addition, PEI-PLL mediated VEGF gene delivery also prevented apoptosis and microglial activation in PD rat models. Together, these results clearly demonstrated the beneficial effects of PEI-PLL mediated VEGF gene delivery on dopaminergic system in both cell culture and animal models of PD. In this report, we exploited the potential of PEI-PLL to deliver VEGF gene for the potential therapeutic treatment of PD by using both cell culture and animal models of PD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the use of novel polymeric gene carriers for the delivery of VEGF gene

75 FR 68333 - Notice of Availability of a Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) for the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-05

... YTC as well as significant but mitigable impacts to water resources at YTC. At PCMS, cumulative... assets to promote more effective training and force management. The Draft PEIS evaluates the... support integrated training with ground units. Land acquisition is not being considered as part of this...

78 FR 20625 - Extension of Hearing Record Closure Date

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-05

... DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD Extension of Hearing Record Closure Date AGENCY: Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board. ACTION: Extension of hearing record closure date. SUMMARY: The Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (Board) published a document in the Federal Register on January 22, 2013...

77 FR 65871 - Extension of Hearing Record Closure Date

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-31

... DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD Extension of Hearing Record Closure Date AGENCY: Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board. ACTION: Extension of hearing record closure date. SUMMARY: The Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (Board) published a document in the Federal Register on August 15, 2012...

Characterization of polyethylene glycol-grafted polyethylenimine and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (PEG-g-PEI-SPION) as an MRI-visible vector for siRNA delivery in gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo.

PubMed

Chen, Yinting; Lian, Guoda; Liao, Chengde; Wang, Weiwei; Zeng, Linjuan; Qian, Chenchen; Huang, Kaihong; Shuai, Xintao

2013-07-01

Gene therapy is a promising therapeutic method but is severely hampered due to its lack of an ideal delivery system. Therefore, in this study, a nonviral and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visible vector, polyethylene glycol-grafted polyethylenimine and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (PEG-g-PEI-SPION) was used as a nanocarrier for small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery in gastric cancer. Biophysical characterization of PEG-g-PEI-SPION was systematically analyzed, including size, zeta potential, siRNA condensation capacity, cell viability, transfection efficiency, cellular uptake, and MRI-visible function in vivo. Besides, CD44 variant isoform 6 (CD44v6), a protein marker for metastatic behavior in gastric cancer, and was chose as the target gene to further analyze the siRNA delivery function of PEG-g-PEI-SPION. Under comprehensive analysis, the appropriate N/P ratio of PEG-g-PEI-SPION/siRNA was 10, and siRNA targeting at human CD44v6 (siCD44v6) transferred by PEG-g-PEI-SPION was effective at downregulating the CD44v6 expression of gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901 in vitro. Moreover, knockdown of CD44v6 impaired migrating and invasive abilities of SGC-7901 cells. Furthermore, PEG-g-PEI-SPION was a highly efficient contrast agent for MRI scan in vivo. PEG-g-PEI-SPION was a promising nonviral vector with molecular image tracing capacity for cancer gene therapy. And CD44v6 was a potential target gene for the prevention and detection of metastatic behavior in gastric cancer.

Fluorescence turn-on detection of alkaline phosphatase activity based on controlled release of PEI-capped Cu nanoclusters from MnO2 nanosheets.

PubMed

Zhang, Yunyi; Li, Yongxin; Zhang, Cuiyun; Zhang, Qingfeng; Huang, Xinan; Yang, Meiding; Shahzad, Sohail Anjum; Lo, Kenneth Kam-Wing; Yu, Cong; Jiang, Shichun

2017-08-01

A fluorescence turn-on assay for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity is developed through the controlled release of polyethyleneimine-capped copper nanoclusters (PEI-capped CuNCs) from the MnO 2 nanosheets. In an aqueous solution, the positively charged PEI-capped CuNCs could be adsorbed onto the surface of the negatively charged MnO 2 nanosheets. Such adsorption through favorable electrostatic interactions could efficiently quench the nanocluster fluorescence emission via resonance energy transfer from the PEI-capped CuNCs to the MnO 2 nanosheets. 2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid (AAP) could be hydrolyzed to L-ascorbic acid (AA) in the presence of ALP. AA could reduce MnO 2 into Mn 2+ and trigger the disintegration of the MnO 2 nanosheets. As a result, the CuNCs were released and the quenched fluorescence was recovered efficiently. The detection strategy is simple, inexpensive, sensitive, selective, with low toxicity, and has better biocompatibility. The newly fabricated biosensor for ALP activity will potentially make it a robust candidate for numerous biological and biomedical applications.

Gellan gum blended PEI nanocomposites as gene delivery agents: evidences from in vitro and in vivo studies.

PubMed

Goyal, Ritu; Tripathi, S K; Tyagi, Shilpa; Ravi Ram, K; Ansari, K M; Shukla, Y; Kar Chowdhuri, D; Kumar, Pradeep; Gupta, K C

2011-09-01

Branched Polyethylenimine, 25 kDa (PEI), was blended with gellan gum, an anionic heteropolysaccharide, for partial neutralization of its excess positive charge to form gellan gum-polyethylenimine (GP) nanocomposites (NCs). Subsequently, we manipulated the amount of gellan gum for obtaining a series of NCs and characterized them for their size, charge and morphology. Among all the NCs, one member, named GP3, showed the best transfection efficiency in tested cell lines in comparison with the rest of the series, PEI, Lipofectamine and other commercial transfection agents and also exhibited minimum cytotoxicity. It was found to transfect primary cells of mouse skin with better efficiency than PEI and Lipofectamine and was able to protect the plasmid DNA from nucleases and serum proteins present in the blood. GP3 exhibited efficient intracellular delivery of plasmid as revealed by confocal studies while its intracellular presence was also confirmed by the knockdown of GFP expression (using GFP specific siRNA) and JNKII by quantifying proteins in cell lysates and by western blotting and hybridization, respectively. In vivo cytotoxicity studies in Drosophila showed lack of induction of stress response in the exposed organisms. Further, exposed organisms did not show any developmental delay or mortality and no morphological defects were observed in the emerged flies. In vivo gene expression studies in Balb/c mice revealed maximum expression of luciferase enzyme in spleen. The study suggests that GP3 may act as an efficient non-viral gene carrier with diverse biomedical applications. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

RGD/TAT-functionalized chitosan-graft-PEI-PEG gene nanovector for sustained delivery of NT-3 for potential application in neural regeneration.

PubMed

Wu, Dongni; Zhang, Yongnu; Xu, Xiaoting; Guo, Ting; Xie, Deming; Zhu, Rong; Chen, Shengfeng; Ramakrishna, Seeram; He, Liumin

2018-05-01

In this study, we prepared a multifunctional gene delivery nanovector containing a chitosan (CS) backbone and polyethylenimine (PEI) arms with arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD)/twin-arginine translocation (TAT) conjugated via polyethylene glycol (PEG). Branched PEI, with a molecular weight of 2000 Da, was used to achieve a balance between biocompatibility and transfection efficiency, whereas RGD/TAT peptides were conjugated for enhanced targeting ability and cellular uptake. Synthesis of the copolymers was confirmed by characterizing the chemical structure with 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The nanovector was biocompatible with cells and showed excellent capability for DNA condensation; the resulting complexes with DNA were well-formed, and possessed small particle size and reasonable positive charge. Higher gene transfection efficiency, compared to that achieved with PEI (25 kDa), was confirmed in tumor (HeLa cells) and normal cells (293T and NIH 3T3 cells). More importantly, the cells transfected with the chitosan-graft-PEI-PEG/pCMV-EGFP-Ntf3 complex produced sustained neurotrophin-3 with a linear increase in cumulative concentration, which induced neuronal differentiation of neural stem cell and promoted neurite outgrowth. These findings suggested that our multifunctional copolymers might be ideal nanovectors for engineering cells via gene transfection, and could potentially be applied in tumor therapy and regenerative medicine. We successfully prepared a multifunctional gene delivery nanovector containing branched PEI with a molecular weight of 2000 Da to balance between biocompatibility and transfection efficiency, and RGD/TAT peptides for enhanced targeting ability and cellular uptake. The well-formed CPPP/DNA complexes of small particle size and reasonable positive charges potentially enhanced gene transfection in both tumor and normal cells. More importantly, the CPPP/pCMV-EGFP-Ntf3 complex

78 FR 1206 - Second Extension of Hearing Record Closure Date

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-08

... DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD Second Extension of Hearing Record Closure Date AGENCY: Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board. ACTION: Second extension of hearing record closure date. SUMMARY: The Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (Board) published a document in the Federal Register on...

A novel unstable duplication upstream of HAS2 predisposes to a breed-defining skin phenotype and a periodic fever syndrome in Chinese Shar-Pei dogs.

PubMed

Olsson, Mia; Meadows, Jennifer R S; Truvé, Katarina; Rosengren Pielberg, Gerli; Puppo, Francesca; Mauceli, Evan; Quilez, Javier; Tonomura, Noriko; Zanna, Giordana; Docampo, Maria José; Bassols, Anna; Avery, Anne C; Karlsson, Elinor K; Thomas, Anne; Kastner, Daniel L; Bongcam-Rudloff, Erik; Webster, Matthew T; Sanchez, Armand; Hedhammar, Ake; Remmers, Elaine F; Andersson, Leif; Ferrer, Lluis; Tintle, Linda; Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin

2011-03-01

Hereditary periodic fever syndromes are characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and inflammation with no known pathogenic or autoimmune cause. In humans, several genes have been implicated in this group of diseases, but the majority of cases remain unexplained. A similar periodic fever syndrome is relatively frequent in the Chinese Shar-Pei breed of dogs. In the western world, Shar-Pei have been strongly selected for a distinctive thick and heavily folded skin. In this study, a mutation affecting both these traits was identified. Using genome-wide SNP analysis of Shar-Pei and other breeds, the strongest signal of a breed-specific selective sweep was located on chromosome 13. The same region also harbored the strongest genome-wide association (GWA) signal for susceptibility to the periodic fever syndrome (p(raw) = 2.3 × 10⁻⁶, p(genome) = 0.01). Dense targeted resequencing revealed two partially overlapping duplications, 14.3 Kb and 16.1 Kb in size, unique to Shar-Pei and upstream of the Hyaluronic Acid Synthase 2 (HAS2) gene. HAS2 encodes the rate-limiting enzyme synthesizing hyaluronan (HA), a major component of the skin. HA is up-regulated and accumulates in the thickened skin of Shar-Pei. A high copy number of the 16.1 Kb duplication was associated with an increased expression of HAS2 as well as the periodic fever syndrome (p < 0.0001). When fragmented, HA can act as a trigger of the innate immune system and stimulate sterile fever and inflammation. The strong selection for the skin phenotype therefore appears to enrich for a pleiotropic mutation predisposing these dogs to a periodic fever syndrome. The identification of HA as a major risk factor for this canine disease raises the potential of this glycosaminoglycan as a risk factor for human periodic fevers and as an important driver of chronic inflammation.

A Novel Unstable Duplication Upstream of HAS2 Predisposes to a Breed-Defining Skin Phenotype and a Periodic Fever Syndrome in Chinese Shar-Pei Dogs

PubMed Central

Olsson, Mia; Mauceli, Evan; Quilez, Javier; Tonomura, Noriko; Zanna, Giordana; Docampo, Maria José; Bassols, Anna; Avery, Anne C.; Karlsson, Elinor K.; Thomas, Anne; Kastner, Daniel L.; Bongcam-Rudloff, Erik; Webster, Matthew T.; Sanchez, Armand; Hedhammar, Åke; Remmers, Elaine F.; Andersson, Leif; Ferrer, Lluis; Tintle, Linda; Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin

2011-01-01

Hereditary periodic fever syndromes are characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and inflammation with no known pathogenic or autoimmune cause. In humans, several genes have been implicated in this group of diseases, but the majority of cases remain unexplained. A similar periodic fever syndrome is relatively frequent in the Chinese Shar-Pei breed of dogs. In the western world, Shar-Pei have been strongly selected for a distinctive thick and heavily folded skin. In this study, a mutation affecting both these traits was identified. Using genome-wide SNP analysis of Shar-Pei and other breeds, the strongest signal of a breed-specific selective sweep was located on chromosome 13. The same region also harbored the strongest genome-wide association (GWA) signal for susceptibility to the periodic fever syndrome (praw = 2.3×10−6, pgenome = 0.01). Dense targeted resequencing revealed two partially overlapping duplications, 14.3 Kb and 16.1 Kb in size, unique to Shar-Pei and upstream of the Hyaluronic Acid Synthase 2 (HAS2) gene. HAS2 encodes the rate-limiting enzyme synthesizing hyaluronan (HA), a major component of the skin. HA is up-regulated and accumulates in the thickened skin of Shar-Pei. A high copy number of the 16.1 Kb duplication was associated with an increased expression of HAS2 as well as the periodic fever syndrome (p<0.0001). When fragmented, HA can act as a trigger of the innate immune system and stimulate sterile fever and inflammation. The strong selection for the skin phenotype therefore appears to enrich for a pleiotropic mutation predisposing these dogs to a periodic fever syndrome. The identification of HA as a major risk factor for this canine disease raises the potential of this glycosaminoglycan as a risk factor for human periodic fevers and as an important driver of chronic inflammation. PMID:21437276

40 CFR 62.7102 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Nevada Landfill Gas Emissions from Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills § 62.7102 Effective date. The effective date of EPA approval of...

40 CFR 62.602 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Arizona Landfill Gas Emissions from Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills § 62.602 Effective date. The effective date of EPA approval of the...

Probing the Role of Zr Addition versus Textural Properties in Enhancement of CO₂ Adsorption Performance in Silica/PEI Composite Sorbents.

PubMed

Sakwa-Novak, Miles A; Holewinski, Adam; Hoyt, Caroline B; Yoo, Chun-Jae; Chai, Song-Hai; Dai, Sheng; Jones, Christopher W

2015-09-01

Polymeric amines such as poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) supported on mesoporous oxides are promising candidate adsorbents for CO2 capture processes. An important aspect to the design and optimization of these materials is a fundamental understanding of how the properties of the oxide support such as pore structure, particle morphology, and surface properties affect the efficiency of the guest polymer in its interactions with CO2. Previously, the efficiency of impregnated PEI to adsorb CO2 was shown to increase upon the addition of Zr as a surface modifier in SBA-15. However, the efficacy of this method to tune the adsorption performance has not been explored in materials of differing textural and morphological nature. Here, these issues are directly addressed via the preparation of an array of SBA-15 support materials with varying textural and morphological properties, as well as varying content of zirconium doped into the material. Zirconium is incorporated into the SBA-15 either during the synthesis of the SBA-15, or postsynthetically via deposition of Zr species onto pure-silica SBA-15. The method of Zr incorporation alters the textural and morphological properties of the parent SBA-15 in different ways. Importantly, the CO2 capacity of SBA-15 impregnated with PEI increases by a maximum of ∼60% with the quantity of doped Zr for a "standard" SBA-15 containing significant microporosity, while no increase in the CO2 capacity is observed upon Zr incorporation for an SBA-15 with reduced microporosity and a larger pore size, pore volume, and particle size. Finally, adsorbents supported on SBA-15 with controlled particle morphology show only modest increases in CO2 capacity upon inclusion of Zr to the silica framework. The data demonstrate that the textural and morphological properties of the support have a more significant impact on the ability of PEI to capture CO2 than the support surface composition.

33 CFR 106.110 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Compliance dates. 106.110 Section... MARINE SECURITY: OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF (OCS) FACILITIES General § 106.110 Compliance dates. (a) On or... TWIC under this part may enroll beginning after the date set by the Coast Guard in a Notice to be...

33 CFR 105.115 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Compliance dates. 105.115 Section... MARITIME SECURITY: FACILITIES General § 105.115 Compliance dates. (a) On or before December 31, 2003... required to obtain a TWIC under this part may enroll beginning after the date set by the Coast Guard in a...

Probing the Role of Zr Addition versus Textural Properties in Enhancement of CO 2 Adsorption Performance in Silica/PEI Composite Sorbents

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sakwa-Novak, Miles A.; Holewinski, Adam; Hoyt, Caroline B.

2015-08-08

Polymeric amines such as poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) supported on mesoporous oxides are promising candidate adsorbents for CO 2 capture processes. One important aspect to the design and optimization of these materials is a fundamental understanding of how the properties of the oxide support such as pore structure, particle morphology, and surface properties affect the efficiency of the guest polymer in its interactions with CO 2. Previously, the efficiency of impregnated PEI to adsorb CO 2 was shown to increase upon the addition of Zr as a surface modifier in SBA-15. But, the efficacy of this method to tune the adsorption performancemore » has not been explored in materials of differing textural and morphological nature. These issues are directly addressed via the preparation of an array of SBA-15 support materials with varying textural and morphological properties, as well as varying content of zirconium doped into the material. Zirconium is incorporated into the SBA-15 either during the synthesis of the SBA-15, or postsynthetically via deposition of Zr species onto pure-silica SBA-15. The method of Zr incorporation alters the textural and morphological properties of the parent SBA-15 in different ways. Importantly, the CO 2 capacity of SBA-15 impregnated with PEI increases by a maximum of ~60% with the quantity of doped Zr for a “standard” SBA-15 containing significant microporosity, while no increase in the CO 2 capacity is observed upon Zr incorporation for an SBA-15 with reduced microporosity and a larger pore size, pore volume, and particle size. Finally, adsorbents supported on SBA-15 with controlled particle morphology show only modest increases in CO 2 capacity upon inclusion of Zr to the silica framework. The data demonstrate that the textural and morphological properties of the support have a more significant impact on the ability of PEI to capture CO 2 than the support surface composition.« less

75 FR 80799 - Preparation of the PEIS for Modernization of Training Infrastructure at Pōhakuloa Training Area, HI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-23

... Infrastructure at P[omacr]hakuloa Training Area, HI AGENCY: Department of the Army, DoD. ACTION: Notice of intent. SUMMARY: The United States Army Pacific (USARPAC) and United States Army Garrison, Hawai`i (USAG-HI... resources. ADDRESSES: Written comments may be addressed to PTA PEIS, P.O. Box 514, Honolulu, HI 96809...

Folic acid conjugated mPEG-PEI600 as an efficient non-viral vector for targeted nucleic acid delivery.

PubMed

Xu, Zhenhua; Jin, Jiefu; Siu, Leo K S; Yao, Hong; Sze, Johnny; Sun, Hongzhe; Kung, Hsiang-Fu; Poon, Wai Sang; Ng, Samuel S M; Lin, Marie C

2012-04-15

In this study we describe a novel polymer, mPPS-FA, synthesized as a potential gene transfer vector. To complete mPPS-FA, folic acid was conjugated to a backbone (named mPPS) consisting of a copolymer of methyl PEG-2000, PEI-600, and sebacoyl chloride. (1)H NMR, FT-IR, and UV spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure of mPPS-FA. It was revealed that mPPS-FA holds the ability to bind plasmid DNA yielding positively charged particles (polyplexes). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and TEM techniques were used to study the size and morphology of the formed mPPS-FA/DNA nanocomplexes. The mPPS-FA/DNA nanoparticles exhibited low cytotoxicity as transfection of B16-F0, U87MG, CHO-1, and Ho-8910 cells produced >80% viability indicating low cytotoxicity of the polymer. The ability of mPPS-FA to deliver EGFP plasmid to melanoma B16-F0, U87, CHO-1, Ho-8910, and A549 cells was investigated in vitro as compared to the lipid-based transfection agent Lipofectamine2000 and Linear PEI 22 kDa (L-PEI 22 kDa). We found that mPPS-FA/DNA complexes yielded the highest GFP transfection efficiency in B16-F0, U87, CHO-1, and Ho-8910 cells, which all highly express folate receptors (FR), at an mPPS-FA/DNA ratio (w/w) of 15. Furthermore, the transfection of mPPS-FA/DNA complexes in CHO-1 cells could be competitively blocked by free folic acid molecules. In contrast, in low FR expressing A549 cells, mPPS-FA showed similar low transfection efficiency as mPPS. Taken together, mPPS-FA showed the highest efficiency in vitro and the potential to be developed as a nonviral gene carrier. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 62.3632 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Indiana Landfill Gas Emissions from Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills § 62.3632 Effective date. The effective date of the plan for municipal solid waste landfills is May 30, 2000. Metals, Acid Gases, Organic Compounds and Nitrogen Oxide...

40 CFR 62.5152 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Maryland Landfill Gas Emissions from Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (section 111(d) Plan) § 62.5152 Effective date. The effective date of the plan for municipal solid waste landfills is November 8, 1999. Emissions From Existing Hospital...

40 CFR 62.1952 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Delaware Landfill Gas Emissions from Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (section 111(d) Plan) § 62.1952 Effective date. The effective date of the plan for municipal solid waste landfills is November 16, 1999. Emissions From Existing...

40 CFR 62.8602 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS North Dakota Landfill Gas Emissions from Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills § 62.8602 Effective date. The effective date of the plan for municipal solid waste landfills is February 13, 1998. Air Emissions From Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste...

50 CFR 217.171 - Effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Effective dates. 217.171 Section 217.171 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION... Liquefied Natural Gas Facility Off Massachusetts § 217.171 Effective dates. Regulations in this subpart are...

40 CFR 257.4 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 257.4 Section 257.4 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES CRITERIA FOR CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES AND PRACTICES Classification of Solid Waste Disposal Facilities...

40 CFR 257.4 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effective date. 257.4 Section 257.4 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES CRITERIA FOR CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES AND PRACTICES Classification of Solid Waste Disposal Facilities...

Separation of macromolecular proteins and rejection of toxic heavy metal ions by PEI/cSMM blend UF membranes.

PubMed

Kanagaraj, P; Nagendran, A; Rana, D; Matsuura, T; Neelakandan, S

2015-01-01

The charged surface modifying macromolecule (cSMM) was blended into the casting solution of poly(ether imide) (PEI) to prepare surface modified ultrafiltration membranes by phase inversion technique. The separation of proteins including bovine serum albumin, egg albumin, pepsin and trypsin was investigated by the fabricated membranes. On increasing cSMM content, solute rejection decreases whereas membrane flux increases. The pore size and surface porosity of the 5 wt% cSMM blend PEI membranes increases to 41.4 Å and 14.8%, respectively. Similarly, the molecular weight cut-off of the membranes ranged from 20 to 45 kDa, depending on the various compositions of the prepared membranes. The toxic heavy metal ions Cu(II), Cr(III), Zn(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions were subjected to rejection by the prepared blended membrane with various concentration of polyethyleneimine (PETIM) as water soluble polymeric ligand. It was found that the rejection behavior of metal ion depends on the PETIM concentration and the stability complexation of metal ion with ligand. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of PBS Treatment and PEI Coating Effects on Surface Morphology and Cellular Response of 3D-Printed Alginate Scaffolds.

PubMed

Mendoza García, María A; Izadifar, Mohammad; Chen, Xiongbiao

2017-11-01

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging technology for the fabrication of scaffolds to repair/replace damaged tissue/organs in tissue engineering. This paper presents our study on 3D printed alginate scaffolds treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) coating and their impacts on the surface morphology and cellular response of the printed scaffolds. In our study, sterile alginate was prepared by means of the freeze-drying method and then, used to prepare the hydrogel for 3D printing into calcium chloride, forming 3D scaffolds. Scaffolds were treated with PBS for a time period of two days and seven days, respectively, and PEI coating; then they were seeded with Schwann cells (RSC96) for the examination of cellular response (proliferation and differentiation). In addition, swelling and stiffness (Young's modulus) of the treated scaffolds was evaluated, while their surface morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images revealed significant changes in scaffold surface morphology due to degradation caused by the PBS treatment over time. Our cell proliferation assessment over seven days showed that a two-day PBS treatment could be more effective than seven-day PBS treatment for improving cell attachment and elongation. While PEI coating of alginate scaffolds seemed to contribute to cell growth, Schwann cells stayed round on the surface of alginate over the period of cell culture. In conclusion, PBS-treatment may offer the potential to induce surface physical cues due to degradation of alginate, which could improve cell attachment post cell-seeding of 3D-printed alginate scaffolds.

40 CFR 62.5862 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Minnesota Landfill Gas Emissions from Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills § 62.5862 Effective date. The effective date of the plan for municipal solid waste landfills is September 25, 1998. [63 FR 40053, July 27, 1998] Existing Large Municipal...

40 CFR 62.1352 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Colorado Landfill Gas Emissions from Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills § 62.1352 Effective date. The effective date of the plan for municipal solid waste landfills is September 28, 1998. [63 FR 40373, July 29, 1998] Air Emissions From...

40 CFR 62.3332 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Illinois Landfill Gas Emissions from Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills § 62.3332 Effective date. The effective date of the plan for municipal solid waste landfills is January 22, 1999. [63 FR 64632, Nov. 23, 1998] Emissions From Small...

40 CFR 62.6602 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Montana Landfill Gas Emissions from Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills § 62.6602 Effective date. The effective date of the plan for municipal solid waste landfills is September 8, 1998. [63 FR 36861, July 8, 1998] Air Emissions From...

40 CFR 62.9632 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Pennsylvania Landfill Gas Emissions from Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (section 111(d) Plan) § 62.9632 Effective date. The effective date of the plan for municipal solid waste landfills is April 16, 1999. [64 FR 13078, Mar. 17, 1999] ...

40 CFR 62.4632 - Effective Date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Louisiana Landfill Gas Emissions from Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills § 62.4632 Effective Date. The effective date of the portion of the plan applicable to existing municipal solid waste landfills is October 28, 1997. [62 FR 54591, Oct. 21...

40 CFR 62.8872 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Ohio Landfill Gas Emissions from Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills § 62.8872 Effective date. The effective date of the plan for municipal solid waste landfills is October 6, 1998. [63 FR 42238, Aug. 7, 1998] Emissions From Hospital, Medical, and...

Voltage Preconditioning Allows Modulated Gene Expression in Neurons Using PEI-complexed siRNA

PubMed Central

Sridharan, Arati; Patel, Chetan; Muthuswamy, Jit

2013-01-01

We present here a high efficiency, high viability siRNA-delivery method using a voltage-controlled chemical transfection strategy to achieve modulated delivery of polyethylenimine (PEI) complexed with siRNA in an in vitro culture of neuro2A cells and neurons. Low voltage pulses were applied to adherent cells before the administration of PEI-siRNA complexes. Live assays of neuro2a cells transfected with fluorescently tagged siRNA showed an increase in transfection efficiency from 62 ± 14% to 98 ± 3.8% (after −1 V). In primary hippocampal neurons, transfection efficiencies were increased from 30 ± 18% to 76 ± 18% (after −1 V). Negligible or low-level transfection was observed after preconditioning at higher voltages, suggesting an inverse relationship with applied voltage. Experiments with propidium iodide ruled out the role of electroporation in the transfection of siRNAs suggesting an alternate electro-endocytotic mechanism. In addition, image analysis of preconditioned and transfected cells demonstrates siRNA uptake and loading that is tuned to preconditioning voltage levels. There is approximately a fourfold increase in siRNA loading after preconditioning at −1 V compared with the same at ±2–3 V. Modulated gene expression is demonstrated in a functional knockdown of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in neuro2A cells using siRNA. Cell density and dendritic morphological changes are also demonstrated in modulated knockdown of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in primary hippocampal neurons. The method reported here has potential applications in the development of high-throughput screening systems for large libraries of siRNA molecules involving difficult-to-transfect cells like neurons. PMID:23531602

A facile approach for cupric ion detection in aqueous media using polyethyleneimine/PMMA core-shell fluorescent nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Jian; Zeng, Fang; Wu, Shuizhu; Su, Junhua; Zhao, Jianqing; Tong, Zhen

2009-09-01

A facile approach was developed to produce a dye-doped core-shell nanoparticle chemosensor for detecting Cu2+ in aqueous media. The core-shell nanoparticle sensor was prepared by a one-step emulsifier-free polymerization, followed by the doping of the fluorescent dye Nile red (9-diethylamino- 5H-benzo[alpha] phenoxazine-5-one, NR) into the particles. For the nanoparticles, the hydrophilic polyethyleneimine (PEI) chain segments serve as the shell and the hydrophobic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) constitutes the core of the nanoparticles. The non-toxic and biocompatible PEI chain segments on the nanoparticle surface exhibit a high affinity for Cu2+ ions in aqueous media, and the quenching of the NR fluorescence is observed upon binding of Cu2+ ions. This makes the core-shell nanoparticle system a water-dispersible chemosensor for Cu2+ ion detection. The quenching of fluorescence arises through intraparticle energy transfer (FRET) from the dye in the hydrophobic PMMA core to the Cu2+/PEI complexes on the nanoparticle surface. The energy transfer efficiency for PEI/PMMA particles with different diameters was determined, and it is found that the smaller nanoparticle sample exhibits higher quenching efficiency, and the limit for Cu2+ detection is 1 µM for a nanoparticle sample with a diameter of ~30 nm. The response of the fluorescent nanoparticle towards different metal ions was investigated and the nanoparticle chemosensor displays high selectivity and antidisturbance for the Cu2+ ion among the metal ions examined (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and Pb2+). This emulsifier-free, biocompatible and sensitive fluorescent nanoparticle sensor may find applications in cupric ion detection in the biological and environmental areas.

A facile approach for cupric ion detection in aqueous media using polyethyleneimine/PMMA core-shell fluorescent nanoparticles.

PubMed

Chen, Jian; Zeng, Fang; Wu, Shuizhu; Su, Junhua; Zhao, Jianqing; Tong, Zhen

2009-09-09

A facile approach was developed to produce a dye-doped core-shell nanoparticle chemosensor for detecting Cu(2+) in aqueous media. The core-shell nanoparticle sensor was prepared by a one-step emulsifier-free polymerization, followed by the doping of the fluorescent dye Nile red (9-diethylamino- 5H-benzo[alpha] phenoxazine-5-one, NR) into the particles. For the nanoparticles, the hydrophilic polyethyleneimine (PEI) chain segments serve as the shell and the hydrophobic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) constitutes the core of the nanoparticles. The non-toxic and biocompatible PEI chain segments on the nanoparticle surface exhibit a high affinity for Cu(2+) ions in aqueous media, and the quenching of the NR fluorescence is observed upon binding of Cu(2+) ions. This makes the core-shell nanoparticle system a water-dispersible chemosensor for Cu(2+) ion detection. The quenching of fluorescence arises through intraparticle energy transfer (FRET) from the dye in the hydrophobic PMMA core to the Cu(2+)/PEI complexes on the nanoparticle surface. The energy transfer efficiency for PEI/PMMA particles with different diameters was determined, and it is found that the smaller nanoparticle sample exhibits higher quenching efficiency, and the limit for Cu(2+) detection is 1 microM for a nanoparticle sample with a diameter of approximately 30 nm. The response of the fluorescent nanoparticle towards different metal ions was investigated and the nanoparticle chemosensor displays high selectivity and antidisturbance for the Cu(2+) ion among the metal ions examined (Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Zn(2+), Hg(2+), Mn(2+), Fe(2+), Ni(2+), Co(2+) and Pb(2+)). This emulsifier-free, biocompatible and sensitive fluorescent nanoparticle sensor may find applications in cupric ion detection in the biological and environmental areas.

Voltage Preconditioning Allows Modulated Gene Expression in Neurons Using PEI-complexed siRNA.

PubMed

Sridharan, Arati; Patel, Chetan; Muthuswamy, Jit

2013-03-26

We present here a high efficiency, high viability siRNA-delivery method using a voltage-controlled chemical transfection strategy to achieve modulated delivery of polyethylenimine (PEI) complexed with siRNA in an in vitro culture of neuro2A cells and neurons. Low voltage pulses were applied to adherent cells before the administration of PEI-siRNA complexes. Live assays of neuro2a cells transfected with fluorescently tagged siRNA showed an increase in transfection efficiency from 62 ± 14% to 98 ± 3.8% (after -1 V). In primary hippocampal neurons, transfection efficiencies were increased from 30 ± 18% to 76 ± 18% (after -1 V). Negligible or low-level transfection was observed after preconditioning at higher voltages, suggesting an inverse relationship with applied voltage. Experiments with propidium iodide ruled out the role of electroporation in the transfection of siRNAs suggesting an alternate electro-endocytotic mechanism. In addition, image analysis of preconditioned and transfected cells demonstrates siRNA uptake and loading that is tuned to preconditioning voltage levels. There is approximately a fourfold increase in siRNA loading after preconditioning at -1 V compared with the same at ±2-3 V. Modulated gene expression is demonstrated in a functional knockdown of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in neuro2A cells using siRNA. Cell density and dendritic morphological changes are also demonstrated in modulated knockdown of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in primary hippocampal neurons. The method reported here has potential applications in the development of high-throughput screening systems for large libraries of siRNA molecules involving difficult-to-transfect cells like neurons.Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2013) 2, e82; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.10; published online 26 March 2013.

AAV2 production with optimized N/P ratio and PEI-mediated transfection results in low toxicity and high titer for in vitro and in vivo applications.

PubMed

Huang, Xinping; Hartley, Antja-Voy; Yin, Yishi; Herskowitz, Jeremy H; Lah, James J; Ressler, Kerry J

2013-11-01

The adeno-associated virus (AAV) is one of the most useful viral vectors for gene delivery for both in vivo and in vitro applications. A variety of methods have been established to produce and characterize recombinant AAV (rAAV) vectors; however most methods are quite cumbersome and obtaining consistently high titer can be problematic. This protocol describes a triple-plasmid co-transfection approach with 25 kDa linear polyethylenimine (PEI) in 293 T cells for the production of AAV serotype 2. Seventy-two hours post-transfection, supernatant and cells were harvested and purified by a discontinuous iodixanol density gradient ultracentrifugation, then dialyzed and concentrated with an Amicon 15 100,000 MWCO concentration unit. To optimize the protocol for AAV2 production using PEI, various N/P ratios and DNA amounts were compared. We found that an N/P ratio of 40 coupled with 1.05 μg DNA per ml of media (21 μg DNA/15 cm dish) was found to produce the highest yields for viral replication and assembly measured multiple ways. The infectious units, as determined by serial dilution, were between 1×10(8) and 2×10(9) IU/ml. The genomic titer of the viral stock was determined by qPCR and ranged from 2×10(12) to 6×10(13) VG/ml. These viral vectors showed high expression both in vivo within the brain and in vitro in cell culture. The use of linear 25 kDa polyethylenamine PEI as a transfection reagent is a simple, more cost-effective, and stable means of high-throughput production of high-titer AAV serotype 2. The use of PEI also eliminates the need to change cell medium post-transfection, lowering cost and workload, while producing high-titer, efficacious AAV2 vectors for routine gene transfer. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A facile method for emulsified oil-water separation by using polyethylenimine-coated magnetic nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lü, Ting; Qi, Dongming; Zhang, Dong; Lü, Yulan; Zhao, Hongting

2018-04-01

Oil spills and oily wastewater discharges from ships and industrial activities have serious impacts on the environment and human health. In this study, a class of easy-to-synthesize polyethylenimine (PEI)-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was successfully synthesized via a one-step coprecipitation method. The synthesized PEI-coated Fe3O4 MNPs were characterized by using multiple technologies and applied in emulsified oil-water separation for the first time. It was found that the PEI effectively tuned the surface charge and wettability of MNPs. As a result, the PEI-coated MNPs could successfully assemble at the oil-water interface and promote the coalescence of oil droplets, thereby facilitating the subsequent magnetic separation. Results showed that the oil-water separation performance was superior and enhanced with the increase of ionic strength. Recycling experiment indicated that the PEI-coated MNPs could be reused up to six times without showing a significant decrease in separation efficiency. All of these results suggested that the PEI-coated MNP could potentially be used as a class of promising nanomaterials for emulsified oil-water separation. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in non-surgical patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI).

PubMed

Ní Chonchubhair, Hazel M; Bashir, Yasir; Dobson, Mark; Ryan, Barbara M; Duggan, Sinead N; Conlon, Kevin C

2018-02-24

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a condition characterised by symptoms similar to pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) in chronic pancreatitis patients. SIBO is thought to complicate chronic pancreatitis in up to 92% of cases; however, studies are heterogeneous and protocols non-standardised. SIBO may be determined by measuring lung air-expiration of either hydrogen or methane which are by-products of small bowel bacterial fermentation of intraluminal substrates such as carbohydrates. We evaluated the prevalence of SIBO among a defined cohort of non-surgical chronic pancreatitics with mild to severe PEI compared with matched healthy controls. Thirty-five patients and 31 age-, gender- and smoking status-matched healthy controls were evaluated for SIBO by means of a fasting glucose hydrogen breath test (GHBT). The relationship between SIBO and clinical symptoms in chronic pancreatitis was evaluated. SIBO was present in 15% of chronic pancreatitis patients, while no healthy controls tested positive (P = 0.029). SIBO was more prevalent in those taking pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) (P = 0.016), with proton pump inhibitor use (PPI) (P = 0.022) and in those with alcohol aetiology (P = 0.023). Patients with concurrent diabetes were more often SIBO-positive and this was statistically significant (P = 0.009). There were no statistically significant differences in reported symptoms between patients with and without SIBO, with the exception of 'weight loss', with patients reporting weight loss more likely to have SIBO (P = 0.047). The prevalence of SIBO in this study was almost 15% and consistent with other studies of SIBO in non-surgical chronic pancreatitis patients. These data support the testing of patients with clinically-relevant PEI unresolved by adequate doses of PERT, particularly in those patients with concurrent diabetes. SIBO can be easily diagnosed therefore allowing more specific and more targeted symptom

9 CFR 71.20 - Approval of livestock facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... shall signify the class or classes of livestock that the facility will handle.) (14) Cattle and bison: —This facility will handle cattle and bison: [Initials of operator, date] —This facility will handle cattle and bison known to be brucellosis reactors, suspects, or exposed: [Initials of operator, date...

Dating and Sex among Emerging Adults in Nepal

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Regmi, Pramod R.; van Teijlingen, Edwin R.; Simkhada, Padam; Acharya, Dev R.

2011-01-01

Social and cultural changes in Nepal, including better communication facilities and transport, more urbanization and a rising age at which people marry, have created more opportunities for young people for "dating." Our qualitative study explores whether the existence of dating cultures influences young people's sexual behavior in Nepal.…

Self-assembling HA/PEI/dsRNA-p21 ternary complexes for CD44 mediated small active RNA delivery to colorectal cancer.

PubMed

Feng, Chen-Lin; Han, Yan-Xing; Guo, Hui-Hui; Ma, Xiao-Lei; Wang, Zhi-Qiang; Wang, Lu-Lu; Zheng, Wen-Sheng; Jiang, Jian-Dong

2017-11-01

Our previous work proved that sequence specific double strand RNA (dsRNA-p21) effectively activated p21 gene expression of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and consequently suppressed CRC growth. However, efficient delivery system is a significant challenge to achieve sufficient therapy. In this study, a self-assembled HA/PEI/dsRNA-p21 ternary complex (TC-dsRNA-p21) was developed for the tumor-target delivery of dsRNA-p21 into CRC cells. Hyaluronic acid (HA) was introduced to shield the PEI/dsRNA-p21 binary complexes (BC-dsRNA-p21) for reducing the cytotoxicity of PEI and for increasing the tumor-targeted intracellular uptake by cancer cells through HA-CD44 mediated endocytosis. Comparing to the BC-dsRNA-p21, the TC-dsRNA-p21 showed increase in size, decrease in zeta potential, low cytotoxicity as well as high stability in physiological conditions due to the anionic shielding. Confocal microscopy analysis and flow cytometry confirmed that TC-dsRNA-p21 had high transfection efficiency in the CD44-abundant Lovo cells, as compared with binary complex. In vitro physiological experiment showed that, comparing to the control group, the TC-dsRNA-p21 effectively activated the expression of p21 mRNA and P21 protein, causing blockage of cell cycle at G 0 /G 1 phase and suppression of cancer cell proliferation as well as colony formation. Furthermore, in vivo distribution experiment demonstrated that the TC-dsRNA-p21 could effectively accumulate at rectal wall for up to 10 h, following in situ application. These findings indicated that TC-dsRNA-p21 might hold great potential for delivering dsRNA-p21 to treat CRC.

Facile preparation of polyethylenimine-tannins coated SiO2 hybrid materials for Cu2+ removal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Qiang; Liu, Meiying; Zhao, Jiao; Chen, Junyu; Zeng, Guangjian; Huang, Hongye; Tian, Jianwen; Wen, Yuanqing; Zhang, Xiaoyong; Wei, Yen

2018-01-01

Polyethylenimine-tannins coated SiO2 (SiO2@PEI-TA) hybrid materials have been prepared via a single-step multifunctional coating with polyethylenimine (PEI) and tannins (TA), and characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The as-prepared SiO2@PEI-TA composites were examined as adsorbents to remove the Cu2+ from aqueous solution. The effects of contact time, initial Cu2+ concentration, solution pH and temperature, on Cu2+ adsorption have been investigated. The results show that the adsorption of Cu2+ onto SiO2@PEI-TA is dependent on the contact time, Cu2+ concentration, pH and temperature. The SiO2@PEI-TA composites show a 2.4-fold increase in adsorption capacity, implying that the introduction of PEI-TA coating is in favor of the Cu2+ adsorption. Based on the analysis of kinetic data, the kinetics of Cu2+ adsorption is more accurately described by the pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium data are analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Results of isotherms show that the better agreement is Freundlich isotherm model with correlation coefficient of 0.9914, which suggests that the adsorption of Cu2+ onto SiO2@PEI-TA is mainly a heterogeneous adsorption process. Thermodynamic analyses show that the adsorption interaction is actually a spontaneous and endothermic chemical process, which might involve the chemical chelation between Cu2+ and functional groups (amine and carboxyl groups) on the surface of SiO2@PEI-TA. In addition, the Cu2+ ions could desorb from SiO2@PEI-TA by using acid solution and the adsorption efficiency remains at high level after five adsorption-desorption recycles. These results provide potential applications of these novel adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal Cu2+ from aqueous solution and also provide strong evidence to support the adsorption mechanism proposed in the study.

Evaluation of the Passive Cooling Strategies for Pei Min Sport Complex

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yam, K. S.; Yem, W. L.; Lee, V. C. C.

2017-07-01

This paper presents a modelling study on the evaluation of the passive cooling strategies for Pei Min sport complex at Miri. The squash centre has experienced excessively high temperature during peak hours that results in complains from the users. We discussed several passive cooling mechanisms and proposed four strategies for the sport centre. Thermal energy simulations were performed on these strategies using OpenStudio to evaluate their impact on the hourly temperature profile within the building. It was found that the peak temperature during the noon was significantly reduced when conductive material was applied at the lower surface of the roof, and the top of the roof was coated with white paint. However, insulating the roof also leads to weaker heat dispersion from the building which lower the rate of temperature drop in the late afternoon. Partitioning the roof was found to have similar effect as insulating roof. Air infiltration is essential for promoting air movement and regulating the temperature within the building. It was found the complex already have sufficient opening for the full effect of air infiltration.

40 CFR 62.5872 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Effective date. 62.5872 Section 62.5872 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Minnesota Existing Large Municipal Waste...

40 CFR 62.5862 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 62.5862 Section 62.5862 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Minnesota Landfill Gas Emissions from...

40 CFR 62.5872 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Effective date. 62.5872 Section 62.5872 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Minnesota Existing Large Municipal Waste...

40 CFR 62.5862 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Effective date. 62.5862 Section 62.5862 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Minnesota Landfill Gas Emissions from...

40 CFR 62.5872 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 62.5872 Section 62.5872 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Minnesota Existing Large Municipal Waste...

40 CFR 62.5872 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Effective date. 62.5872 Section 62.5872 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Minnesota Existing Large Municipal Waste...

40 CFR 62.5862 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Effective date. 62.5862 Section 62.5862 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Minnesota Landfill Gas Emissions from...

40 CFR 62.5872 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effective date. 62.5872 Section 62.5872 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Minnesota Existing Large Municipal Waste...

40 CFR 62.5862 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Effective date. 62.5862 Section 62.5862 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Minnesota Landfill Gas Emissions from...

40 CFR 62.4628 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 62.4628 Section 62.4628 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Louisiana Fluoride Emissions from Existing...

40 CFR 62.4628 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effective date. 62.4628 Section 62.4628 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Louisiana Fluoride Emissions from Existing...

Standards applicable to owners and operators of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities; liability coverage requirements--Environmental Protection Agency. Final rule and notice of extension of effective date.

PubMed

1982-07-13

The effective date for qualifications of insurers providing liability insurance used to satisfy liability coverage requirements applicable to owners or operators of hazardous waste management facilities, as such requirements are included in 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265, is extended from July 15, 1982, to October 16, 1982. The effective date for the rest of the liability coverage requirements remains July 15, 1982. This extension is being provided to allow 6 months between the date of promulgation and the effective date for the insurer qualification provision, in accordance with Section 3010(b) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, as amended. During the period between July 15 and October 16, 1982, owners or operators may use certificates of insurance or policy endorsements that do not certify to the qualifications of the insurer.

VIEW OF DATE DRIVE, FROM INTERSECTION WITH BIRCH CIRCLE, WITH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW OF DATE DRIVE, FROM INTERSECTION WITH BIRCH CIRCLE, WITH FACILITY 809 ON LEFT, 816 ON RIGHT. NOTE THE MANY DATE PALMS. VIEW FACING NORTHWEST - Camp H.M. Smith and Navy Public Works Center Manana Title VII (Capehart) Housing, Intersection of Acacia Road and Brich Circle, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

Highly efficient inverted organic light emitting diodes by inserting a zinc oxide/polyethyleneimine (ZnO:PEI) nano-composite interfacial layer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaçar, Rifat; Pıravadılı Mucur, Selin; Yıldız, Fikret; Dabak, Salih; Tekin, Emine

2017-06-01

The electrode/organic interface is one of the key factors in attaining superior device performance in organic electronics, and inserting a tailor-made layer can dramatically modify its properties. The use of nano-composite (NC) materials leads to many advantages by combining materials with the objective of obtaining a desirable combination of properties. In this context, zinc oxide/polyethyleneimine (ZnO:PEI) NC film was incorporated as an interfacial layer into inverted bottom-emission organic light emitting diodes (IBOLEDs) and fully optimized. For orange-red emissive MEH-PPV based IBOLEDs, a high power efficiency of 6.1 lm W-1 at a luminance of 1000 cd m-2 has been achieved. Notably, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) increased from 0.1 to 4.8% and the current efficiency (CE) increased from 0.2 to 8.7 cd A-1 with rise in luminance (L) from 1000 to above 10 000 cd m-2 levels when compared to that of pristine ZnO-based devices. An identical device architecture containing a ZnO:PEI NC layer has also been used to successfully fabricate green and blue emissive IBOLEDs. The significant enhancement in the inverted device performance, in terms of luminance and efficiency, is attributed to a good energy-level alignment between the cathode/organic interface which leads to effective carrier balance, resulting in efficient radiative-recombination.

Low energy cyclotron for radiocarbon dating

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Welch, J.J.

1984-12-01

The measurement of naturally occurring radioisotopes whose half lives are less than a few hundred million years but more than a few years provides information about the temporal behavior of geologic and climatic processes, the temporal history of meteoritic bodies as well as the production mechanisms of these radioisotopes. A new extremely sensitive technique for measuring these radioisotopes at tandem Van de Graaff and cyclotron facilities has been very successful though the high cost and limited availability have been discouraging. We have built and tested a low energy cyclotron for radiocarbon dating similar in size to a conventional mass spectrometer.more » These tests clearly show that with the addition of a conventional ion source, the low energy cyclotron can perform the extremely high sensitivity /sup 14/C measurements that are now done at accelerator facilities. We found that no significant background is present when the cyclotron is tuned to accelerate /sup 14/C negative ions and the transmission efficiency is adequate to perform radiocarbon dating on milligram samples of carbon. The internal ion source used did not produce sufficient current to detect /sup 14/C directly at modern concentrations. We show how a conventional carbon negative ion source, located outside the cyclotron magnet, would produce sufficient beam and provide for quick sampling to make radiocarbon dating milligram samples with a modest laboratory instrument feasible.« less

Stimuli-responsive hybrid nanocarriers developed by controllable integration of hyperbranched PEI with mesoporous silica nanoparticles for sustained intracellular siRNA delivery

PubMed Central

Prabhakar, Neeraj; Zhang, Jixi; Desai, Diti; Casals, Eudald; Gulin-Sarfraz, Tina; Näreoja, Tuomas; Westermarck, Jukka; Rosenholm, Jessica M

2016-01-01

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a highly potent drug in gene-based therapy with the challenge being to deliver it in a sustained manner. The combination of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and polycations in the confined pore space allows for incorporation and controlled release of therapeutic siRNA payloads. We hereby constructed MSNs with expanded mesopores and pore-surface-hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) tethered with redox-cleavable linkers that could carry a high payload of siRNA (120 mg·g−1). The developed nanocarriers were efficiently taken up by cancer cells and were subsequently able to escape to the cytoplasm from the endosomes, most likely owing to the integrated PEI. Triggered by the intracellular redox conditions, the siRNA was sustainably released inside the cells over a period of several days. Functionality of siRNAs was demonstrated by using cell-killing siRNA as cargo. Despite not being the aim of the developed system, in vitro experiments using cell-killing siRNAs showed that the efficacy of siRNA transfection was comparable to the commercial in vitro transfection agent Lipofectamine. Consequently, the developed MSN-based delivery system offers a potential approach to hybrid nanocarriers for more efficient and long-term siRNA delivery and, in a longer perspective, in vivo gene silencing for RNA interference (RNAi) therapy. PMID:27994460

52. Photocopy of Architectural drawing, dated August 6, 1976 by ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

52. Photocopy of Architectural drawing, dated August 6, 1976 by Raytheon Company. Original drawing property of United States Air Force, 21' Space Command. A-10 - PAVE PAWS TECHNICAL FACILITY - OTIS AFB - ELEVATION A, B AND C. DRAWING NO. AW35-46-06 - Cape Cod Air Station, Technical Facility-Scanner Building & Power Plant, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

56. Photocopy of Mechanical drawing, dated August 6, 1976 by ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

56. Photocopy of Mechanical drawing, dated August 6, 1976 by Raytheon Company. Original drawing property of United States Air Force, 21" Space Command. H-12 - PAVE PAWS TECHNICAL FACILITY - OTIS AFB - EQUIPMENT ROOM PLANS. DRAWING NO. AW35-46-06 - Cape Cod Air Station, Technical Facility-Scanner Building & Power Plant, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

53. Photocopy of Structural drawing, dated August 6, 1976 by ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

53. Photocopy of Structural drawing, dated August 6, 1976 by Raytheon Company. Original drawing property of United States Air Force, 21" Space Command. S-4 - PAVE PAWS TECHNICAL FACILITY - OTIS AFB - FIRST FLOOR PLAN. DRAWING NO. AW35-46-06 - Cape Cod Air Station, Technical Facility-Scanner Building & Power Plant, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

55. Photocopy of Structural drawing, dated August 6, 1976 by ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

55. Photocopy of Structural drawing, dated August 6, 1976 by Raytheon Company. Original drawing property of United States Air Force, 21" Space Command. S-15 - PAVE PAWS TECHNICAL FACILITY - OTIS AFB - UTILITY BUILDING. DRAWING NO. AW35-46-06 - Cape Cod Air Station, Technical Facility-Scanner Building & Power Plant, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

54. Photocopy of Structural drawing, dated August 6, 1976 by ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

54. Photocopy of Structural drawing, dated August 6, 1976 by Raytheon Company. Original drawing property of United States Air Force, 21" Space Command. S-14 - PAVE PAWS TECHNICAL FACILITY - OTIS AFB - ARRAY DETAILS. DRAWING NO. AW35-46-06 - Cape Cod Air Station, Technical Facility-Scanner Building & Power Plant, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

Functionalizing aluminum substrata by quaternary ammonium for antifouling performances

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Xiaoyan; Suo, Xinkun; Bai, Xiuqin; Yuan, Chengqing; Li, Hua

2018-05-01

Due to the great loss induced by biofouling, developing new strategies for combating biofouling has attracted extensive attention. Quaternary ammonium salts are potent cationic antimicrobials used in consumer products and their use for surface immobilization could create a contact-active antimicrobial layer. Here we report the facile preparation of a contact-active antifouling coating by tethering polyethyleneimine (PEI) onto flat/nanostructured aluminum surface by hydrogen bonding between PEI and AlOOH. Quaternized PEI (QPEI) is obtained through quaternization reactions. Biofouling testing suggests excellent antifouling performances of the samples by declining the adhesion of 95% Phaeodactylum tricornutum and 98% of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The antifouling properties of PEI/QPEI are attributed predominately to their hydrophilic and antimicrobial nature. The technical route of PEI/QPEI surface grafting shows great potential for modifying marine infrastructures for enhanced antifouling performances.

50. Photocopy of Architectural drawing, dated August 6, 1976 by ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

50. Photocopy of Architectural drawing, dated August 6, 1976 by Raytheon Company. Original drawing property of United States Air Force, 21" Space Command. A-5 - PAVE PAWS TECHNICAL FACILITY - OTIS AFB - FOURTH FLOOR AND PLATFORM 4A. DRAWING NO. AW35-46-06 - Cape Cod Air Station, Technical Facility-Scanner Building & Power Plant, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

51. Photocopy of Architectural drawing, dated August 6, 1976 by ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

51. Photocopy of Architectural drawing, dated August 6, 1976 by Raytheon Company. Original drawing property of United States Air Force, 21" Space Command. A-6 - PAVE PAWS TECHNICAL FACILITY - OTIS AFB - FIFTH FLOOR AND PLATFORM 5A. DRAWING NO. AW35-46-06 - Cape Cod Air Station, Technical Facility-Scanner Building & Power Plant, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

48. Photocopy of Architectural Layout drawing, dated August 6, 1976 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

48. Photocopy of Architectural Layout drawing, dated August 6, 1976 by Raytheon Company. Original drawing property of United States Air Force, 21" Space Command. AL-2 - PAVE PAWS TECHNICAL FACILITY - OTIS AFB - EQUIPMENT LAYOUT - SECOND FLOOR AND PLATFORM 2A. DRAWING NO. AW35-46-06 - Cape Cod Air Station, Technical Facility-Scanner Building & Power Plant, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

49. Photocopy of Architectural drawing, dated August 6, 1976 by ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

49. Photocopy of Architectural drawing, dated August 6, 1976 by Raytheon Company. Original drawing property of United States Air Force, 21" Space Command. A-4 - PAVE PAWS TECHNICAL FACILITY - OTIS AFB - THIRD FLOOR AND PLATFORM 3A. DRAWING NO. AW35-46-06 - Cape Cod Air Station, Technical Facility-Scanner Building & Power Plant, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

28 CFR 42.521 - Existing facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... in existing facilities where other methods are effective in achieving compliance with paragraph (a... this section within ninety days of the effective date of this subpart. However, where structural... completed no later than three years from the effective date of this subpart. If structural changes to...

28 CFR 42.521 - Existing facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... in existing facilities where other methods are effective in achieving compliance with paragraph (a... this section within ninety days of the effective date of this subpart. However, where structural... completed no later than three years from the effective date of this subpart. If structural changes to...

28 CFR 42.521 - Existing facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... in existing facilities where other methods are effective in achieving compliance with paragraph (a... this section within ninety days of the effective date of this subpart. However, where structural... completed no later than three years from the effective date of this subpart. If structural changes to...

28 CFR 42.521 - Existing facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... in existing facilities where other methods are effective in achieving compliance with paragraph (a... this section within ninety days of the effective date of this subpart. However, where structural... completed no later than three years from the effective date of this subpart. If structural changes to...

28 CFR 42.521 - Existing facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... in existing facilities where other methods are effective in achieving compliance with paragraph (a... this section within ninety days of the effective date of this subpart. However, where structural... completed no later than three years from the effective date of this subpart. If structural changes to...

78 FR 67344 - Sunshine Act Meeting; New Time and Date of Proceeding

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-12

... DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD Sunshine Act Meeting; New Time and Date of Proceeding AGENCY: Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board. ACTION: Notice of Public Meeting and Hearing; New Time... the postponement in the Federal Register due to the shutdown. The Board has now decided on a new time...

18 CFR 292.205 - Criteria for qualifying cogeneration facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... standard. For any topping-cycle cogeneration facility, the useful thermal energy output of the facility... thermal energy output, during the 12-month period beginning with the date the facility first produces... total energy input of natural gas and oil to the facility; or (B) If the useful thermal energy output is...

Facile synthesis of polymeric fluorescent organic nanoparticles based on the self-polymerization of dopamine for biological imaging.

PubMed

Shi, Yingge; Jiang, Ruming; Liu, Meiying; Fu, Lihua; Zeng, Guangjian; Wan, Qing; Mao, Liucheng; Deng, Fengjie; Zhang, Xiaoyong; Wei, Yen

2017-08-01

Polymeric fluorescent organic nanoparticles (polymer-FONs) have raised considerable research attention for biomedical applications owing to their advantages as compared with fluorescent inorganic nanoparticles and small organic molecules. In this study, we presented an efficient, facile and environment-friendly strategy to produce polymer-FONs, which relied on the self-polymerization of dopamine and polyethyleneimine (PEI) in rather mild conditions. To obtain the final polymer-FONs, aldehyde group-containing copolymers (named as poly(UA-co-PEGMA)) were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization using polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) and 1-undecen-10-al (UA) as monomers. The dopamine was conjugated onto poly(UA-co-PEGMA) through a multicomponent reaction between UA and dopamine to obtain poly(UA-co-PEGMA)-DA, which was further utilized for preparation of polymer-FONs through self-polymerization of dopamine and PEI. 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy were employed to characterize the structure, morphology, compositions and optical properties of these polymer-FONs. Cell viability and cell uptake behavior results suggested that these polymer-FONs possess good biocompatibility and can be potentially utilized for biomedical applications. More importantly, the method can be also applied to fabricate many other multifunctional polymer-FONs with great potential for biomedical applications. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Processing, thermal and mechanical behaviour of PEI/MWCNT/carbon fiber nanostructured laminate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santos, L. F. P.; Ribeiro, B.; Hein, L. R. O.; Botelho, E. C.; Costa, M. L.

2017-11-01

In this work, nanostructured composites of polyetherimide (PEI) with addition of functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were processed via solution mixing. After processing, these nanocomposites were evaluated by thermogravimetry (TGA), dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Subsequently, the nanocomposite was processed with carbon fibers by using hot compression molding. In order to evaluate interlaminar fracture strength, the processed laminates were mechanically evaluated by interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and compression shear test (CST). Also, the Weibull distribution was employed to help in the statistical treatment of the data obtained from the mechanical tests. With regards to the fracture of the specimens, optical microscopy was used for the evaluation of the material. The addition of 1 wt% of MWCNT in the polymer matrix increased both thermal stability and viscoelastic behavior of the material. These improvements positively impacted the mechanical properties, generating a 16% and 58% increase in the short-beam strength and apparent interlaminar shear, respectively. In addition, it can be verified from morphological analysis of the fracture a change in the failure mode of the laminate by the incorporation of MWCNT. This behavior can be proven from CST test where there was no presence of the shear force by compression.

The therapeutic effect of PEI-Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles/pEgr1-HSV-TK/GCV associated with radiation and magnet-induced heating on hepatoma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Mei; Huang, Junxing; Zhang, Jia; Wang, Li; Xiao, Wei; Yu, Hong; Li, Yuntao; Li, Hongbo; Yuan, Chenyan; Hou, Xinxin; Zhang, Hao; Zhang, Dongsheng

2013-01-01

Comprehensive therapy based on the integration of hyperthermia, radiation, gene therapy and chemotherapy is a promising area of study in cancer treatment. Using PEI-Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles (PEI-MZF-NPs) as a gene transfer vector, the authors transfected self-prepared pEgr1-HSV-TK into HepG2 cells and measured the expression of the exogenous gene HSV-TK by RT-PCR. The results showed that HSV-TK was successfully transfected into HepG2 cells and the expression levels of HSV-TK remained stable. Besides, PEI-MZF-NPs were used as magnetic media for thermotherapy to treat hepatoma by magnet-induced heating, combined with radiation-gene therapy. Both in vitro and in vivo results suggest that this combined treatment with gene, radiation and heating has a better therapeutic effect than any of them alone. The apoptotic rate and necrotic rate of the combined treatment group was 51.84% and 15.45%, respectively. In contrast, it was only 20.55% and 6.80% in the radiation-gene group, 7.49% and 3.62% in the radiation-alone group, 15.23% and 7.90% in the heating-alone group, and only 3.52% and 2.16% in the blank control group. The inhibition rate of cell proliferation (88.5%) of the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of the radiation-gene group (59.5%), radiation-alone group (37.6%) and heating-alone group (60.6%). The tumor volume and mass inhibition rate of the combined treatment group was 94.45% and 93.38%, respectively, significantly higher than 41.28% and 33.58% of the radiation-alone group, 60.76% and 52.18% of the radiation-gene group, 79.91% and 77.40% of the heating-alone group. It is therefore concluded that this combined application of heating, radiation and gene therapy has a good synergistic and complementary effect and PEI-MZF-NPs can act as a novel non-viral gene vector and magnetic induction medium, which offers a viable approach for the treatment of cancer.

49 CFR 37.59 - Differences in accessibility completion dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Differences in accessibility completion dates. 37.59 Section 37.59 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Transportation Facilities § 37.59 Differences in accessibility completion...

9 CFR 71.20 - Approval of livestock facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... years, and for cattle and bison, sheep and goats, cervids, and equines, for at least 5 years. APHIS... classes of livestock that the facility will handle.) (14) Cattle and bison: —This facility will handle cattle and bison: [Initials of operator, date] —This facility will handle cattle and bison known to be...

New Radiocarbon Dates on Upper Mid-West Proboscideans: Determining Date Robustness

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hodgins, G.; Widga, C.; Lengyel, S. N.; Saunders, J.; Walker, J. D.

2013-12-01

With the objective of refining the picture of Megafaunal extinction patterns in the upper Midwest in the terminal Pleistocene, we have assembled for radiocarbon dating specimens from more than 80 distinct Mammut and Mammuthus remains from potentially late sites. So far, we have measurements for 65 bones, tusks and teeth, nearly double the extant number of published dates . These new specimens were all from museums rather than excavation sites, and 60% were known to be coated with a consolidant. The predominant consolidant was Butvar B-76, however shellac, Elmer's Glue, Glyptol were also noted in the conservation records, or deduced from knowledge of a particular museum's practices. Given the objective of the project is to identify extinction patterns, coupled with the wide prevalence of consolidants amongst the specimen set, it was imperative that testing be carried out to confirm that radiocarbon laboratory protocols removed the consolidants, so that ultimately the dates can be considered robust. To this end, key specimens were dated three times using different sample preparation protocols. These were 1) a solvent extraction followed by a modified Longin-plus -Base continuous flow collagen extraction method used in the NSF-Arizona AMS facility, 2) the solvent/modified Longin method plus ultrafiltration, and 3) solvent/modified Longin method plus hydroxyproline single amino acid dating. Among the specimens subjected to triplicate testing were some of the youngest late Wisconsin proboscidean specimens from the Upper Midwest Region. The data reveal general agreement between the different protocols, and suggested either limited penetration of consolidants into the specimens, or that the standard laboratory cleaning protocols were sufficient to remove traces from deep within bone, tooth or tusk tissue. The preservation of each specimen, recorded in terms of collagen content, C/N ratio and stable isotope values, indicated that most were actually well preserved, implying

42 CFR 442.13 - Effective date of provider agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Effective date of provider agreement. 442.13 Section 442.13 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS STANDARDS FOR PAYMENT TO NURSING FACILITIES AND...

PBF (PER620) interior. Counting room, main floor. Date: May 2004. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

PBF (PER-620) interior. Counting room, main floor. Date: May 2004. INEEL negative no. HD-41-6-1 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, SPERT-I & Power Burst Facility Area, Scoville, Butte County, ID

PBF (PER620) interior, basement level. Sampling equipment. Date: May 2004. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

PBF (PER-620) interior, basement level. Sampling equipment. Date: May 2004. INEEL negative no. HD-41-5-4 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, SPERT-I & Power Burst Facility Area, Scoville, Butte County, ID

PBF (PER620) interior, first basement level. Sampling equipment. Date: March ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

PBF (PER-620) interior, first basement level. Sampling equipment. Date: March 2004. INEEL negative no. HD-41-4-1 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, SPERT-I & Power Burst Facility Area, Scoville, Butte County, ID

SPERTI, Instrument Cell Building (PER606). North facade. Date: August 2003. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

SPERT-I, Instrument Cell Building (PER-606). North facade. Date: August 2003. INEEL negative no. HD-35-3-3 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, SPERT-I & Power Burst Facility Area, Scoville, Butte County, ID

44. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

44. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, in the possession of Facilities Planning Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. GROUND FLOOR PLAN; SHEET NO. 2 OF 10 - Dairy Industry Building, Iowa State University campus, Ames, Story County, IA

PBF (PER620) interior, basement level. Detail of coolant piping. Date: ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

PBF (PER-620) interior, basement level. Detail of coolant piping. Date: May 2004. INEEL negative no. HD-41-5-2 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, SPERT-I & Power Burst Facility Area, Scoville, Butte County, ID

One-pot synthesis of water-soluble superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and their MRI contrast effects in the mouse brains.

PubMed

Wang, Jun; Zhang, Baolin; Wang, Lei; Wang, Ming; Gao, Fabao

2015-03-01

Water-soluble superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized by the thermal decomposition of iron (III) acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3) in the mixture of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(ethylene imine) (PEI). The average sizes of the SPIONs are in the range of 6-12nm, which could be tuned by adjusting the synthesis temperature and molecular weight of PEI. Benefiting from the coating of hydrophilic PEG and PEI, the resulted SPIONs showed excellent colloidal stability in deionized water and other physiological buffers. The XRD patterns indicate that the obtained SPIONs are magnetite. The PEG/PEI-SPIONs exhibited high r2/r1 ratio. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the mouse brains after intravenous injection of the SPIONs showed their good contrast effect. Considering the facile fabrication process and excellent imaging performance of the water soluble PEG-SPIONs and PEG/PEI-SPIONs, it is believed that the SPIONs will find great potential in advanced MRI. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

47. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

47. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, in the possession of Facilities Planning Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. WEST, NORTH, AND SOUTH ELEVATIONS; SHEET NO. 5 OF 10 - Dairy Industry Building, Iowa State University campus, Ames, Story County, IA

45. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

45. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, in the possession of Facilities Planning Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. FIRST FLOOR PLAN AND DETAILS; SHEET NO. 3 OF 10 - Dairy Industry Building, Iowa State University campus, Ames, Story County, IA

Intracellular implantation of enzymes in hollow silica nanospheres for protein therapy: cascade system of superoxide dismutase and catalase.

PubMed

Chang, Feng-Peng; Chen, Yi-Ping; Mou, Chung-Yuan

2014-11-01

An approach for enzyme therapeutics is elaborated with cell-implanted nanoreactors that are based on multiple enzymes encapsulated in hollow silica nanospheres (HSNs). The synthesis of HSNs is carried out by silica sol-gel templating of water-in-oil microemulsions so that polyethyleneimine (PEI) modified enzymes in aqueous phase are encapsulated inside the HSNs. PEI-grafted superoxide dismutase (PEI-SOD) and catalase (PEI-CAT) encapsulated in HSNs are prepared with quantitative control of the enzyme loadings. Excellent activities of superoxide dismutation by PEI-SOD@HSN are found and transformation of H2 O2 to water by PEI-CAT@HSN. When PEI-SOD and PEI-CAT are co-encapsulated, cascade transformation of superoxide through hydrogen peroxide to water was facile. Substantial fractions of HSNs exhibit endosome escape to cytosol after their delivery to cells. The production of downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS) and COX-2/p-p38 expression show that co-encapsulated SOD/CAT inside the HSNs renders the highest cell protection against the toxicant N,N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride (paraquat). The rapid cell uptake and strong detoxification effect on superoxide radicals by the SOD/CAT-encapsulated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles demonstrate the general concept of implanting catalytic nanoreactors in biological cells with designed functions. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

48 CFR 42.402 - Visits to contractors' facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Visits to contractors... contractors' facilities. (a) Government personnel planning to visit a contractor's facility in connection with... positions, and security clearances. (2) Date and duration of visit. (3) Name and address of contractor and...

46. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

46. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, in the possession of Facilities planning Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. SECOND FLOOR PLAN, ROOF PLANS, AND ROOF DETAILS; SHEET NO. 4 OF 10 - Dairy Industry Building, Iowa State University campus, Ames, Story County, IA

43. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated October 1927, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

43. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated October 1927, in the possession of Facilities Planning Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. GROUND FLOOR PLAN, REFRIGERATION LAYOUT AND DETAILS; SHEET R-1 OF 1 SHEET - Dairy Industry Building, Iowa State University campus, Ames, Story County, IA

30 CFR 285.237 - What is the effective date of a lease?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... RENEWABLE ENERGY ALTERNATE USES OF EXISTING FACILITIES ON THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Issuance of OCS Renewable Energy Leases Commercial and Limited Lease Terms § 285.237 What is the effective date of a lease...

Dating conflicts: rethinking dating violence and youth conflict.

PubMed

Adelman, Madelaine; Kil, Sang Hea

2007-12-01

Dating couples are tied to each other's friends who have expectations about dating, such as who constitutes an acceptable date and how to balance friendship and dating. We explore the place of friends in dating conflicts (i.e., conflicts and violence associated with heterosexual teen dating) and ask: (a) How are friends implicated in teen dating/violence not only as targets or confidants, but also as participants in conflict that stems from their friends' relationships, and (b) in what ways do dating conflicts conserve or challenge the power of gender and sexual conformity that underlies heterosexual dating and dating violence?

76 FR 13985 - Gulf Spill Restoration Planning; Public Scoping Meetings for the Programmatic Environmental...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-15

... Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill; Correction AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic... Horizon Oil Spill. There is a date change for the meeting in Washington, DC. DATES: The public scoping....us . To be added to the Oil Spill PEIS mailing list, please visit: http://www.gulfspillrestoration...

Photocopy of engineering drawing dated June 30, 1944. (Original drawing ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of engineering drawing dated June 30, 1944. (Original drawing located in Command Historian's Archives, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Port Hueneme, California. SITE PLAN OF ROOSEVELT BASE, JUNE 30, 1944 - Roosevelt Base, Bounded by Ocean Boulevard, Pennsylvania Avenue, Richardson Avenue, & Idaho Street, Long Beach, Los Angeles County, CA

Implementation of EPA criminal enforcement strategy for RCRA interim status facilities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1985-11-15

The directive discusses criminal enforcement priorities and procedures related to the RCRA section 3007(e)(2) Loss of Interim Status (LOIS) provision, including: (1) identifying/targeting facilities with violations, (2) verifying receipt of RCRA 3007 letters, and (3) inspections of facilities. The directive supplements directive no. 9930.0-1 RCRA LOIS Enforcement Strategy, dated October 15, 1985. The directive is supplemented by directive no. 9930.0-2a, Accepting Nonhazardous Waste After Losing Interim Status, dated December 20, 1986.

76 FR 4369 - Interim Deputation Agreements; Interim BIA Adult Detention Facility Guidelines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-25

... Adult Detention Facility Guidelines AGENCY: Bureau of Indian Affairs, Interior. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces the online publication of the Interim BIA Adult Detention Facility Guidelines and... Indian Affairs Web site. DATES: These Interim BIA Adult Detention Facility Guidelines and Interim Model...

Concentrating Solar Power Projects - National Solar Thermal Power Facility

Science.gov Websites

| Concentrating Solar Power | NREL National Solar Thermal Power Facility Status Date: February 13, 2014 Project Overview Project Name: National Solar Thermal Power Facility Country: India Location Capacity (Net): 1.0 MW Output Type: Steam Rankine Thermal Storage Storage Type: None

Polyethyleneimine functionalized platinum superstructures: enhancing hydrogen evolution performance by morphological and interfacial control† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details and additional physical characterization. See DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04109h

PubMed Central

Xu, Guang-Rui; Bai, Juan; Jiang, Jia-Xing

2017-01-01

The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a highly promising green method for sustainable and efficient hydrogen production. So far, Pt nanocrystals are still the most active electrocatalysts for the HER in acidic media, although a tremendous search for alternatives has been done in the past decade. In this work, we synthesize polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized Pt superstructures (Pt-SSs@PEI) with tetragonal, hierarchical, and branched morphologies with a facile wet chemical reduction method. A series of physical characterizations are conducted to investigate the morphology, electronic structure, surface composition, and formation mechanism of Pt-SSs@PEI. Impressively, the as-prepared Pt-SSs@PEI show an unprecedented onset reduction potential (+64.6 mV vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) for the HER in strong acidic media due to the protonation of –NH2 groups in the PEI adlayers on the Pt surface, and they outperform all currently reported HER electrocatalysts. The work highlights a highly effective interface-engineering strategy for improving the electrocatalytic performance of Pt nanocrystals for the HER. PMID:29619188

78 FR 11903 - Acceptability of Corrective Action Programs for Fuel Cycle Facilities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-20

... Cycle Facilities AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Draft NUREG; request for public comment... ``Acceptability of Corrective Action Programs for Fuel Cycle Facilities.'' The draft NUREG provides guidance to... a fuel cycle facility is acceptable. DATES: Comments may be submitted by April 22, 2013. Comments...

1. PHOTOGRAPHIC COPY OF MAP OF FORT BLISS DATED JUNE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. PHOTOGRAPHIC COPY OF MAP OF FORT BLISS DATED JUNE 15, 1934, REVISED TO JUNE 1, 1940, DRAWING No. FB-DWG-434, ORIGINAL ON FILE IN DIRECTORATE OF FACILITIES ENGINEERING, FORT BLISS - Fort Bliss, 7th Cavalry Buildings, U.S. Army Air Defence Artillery Center & Fort Bliss, El Paso, El Paso County, TX

51. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

51. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, in the possession of Facilities planning Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. GROUND FLOOR PLAN, MECHANICAL FAN ROOM LAYOUT, ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAM, RADIATOR, FANS 1 & 2, DETAILS; SHEET NO. 202 OF 3 - Dairy Industry Building, Iowa State University campus, Ames, Story County, IA

78 FR 79008 - Proposed Information Collection; Application for Waiver of Surface Sanitary Facilities...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-27

... Information Collection; Application for Waiver of Surface Sanitary Facilities' Requirements (Pertaining to... for Waiver of Surface Sanitary Facilities' Requirements (Pertaining to Coal Mines). DATES: All...-3 require coal mine operators to provide bathing facilities, clothing change rooms, and sanitary...

Comparison of College Performance of General Educational Development (GED) and High School Diploma Students in Nova Scotia and PEI. Now and Tomorrow Excellence in Everything We Do. SP-978-01-11E

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Penner, Audrey J.

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in performance if any, between learners with a high school diploma, and those with a GED credential, at two postsecondary institutions, Holland College on Prince Edward Island (PEI) and Nova Scotia Community College in Nova Scotia (NS). Of interest is how these adults perform in a postsecondary…

Indian LSSC (Large Space Simulation Chamber) facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brar, A. S.; Prasadarao, V. S.; Gambhir, R. D.; Chandramouli, M.

1988-01-01

The Indian Space Agency has undertaken a major project to acquire in-house capability for thermal and vacuum testing of large satellites. This Large Space Simulation Chamber (LSSC) facility will be located in Bangalore and is to be operational in 1989. The facility is capable of providing 4 meter diameter solar simulation with provision to expand to 4.5 meter diameter at a later date. With such provisions as controlled variations of shroud temperatures and availability of infrared equipment as alternative sources of thermal radiation, this facility will be amongst the finest anywhere. The major design concept and major aspects of the LSSC facility are presented here.

Water-Soluble Nonconjugated Polymer Nanoparticles with Strong Fluorescence Emission for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Nitro-Explosive Picric Acid in Aqueous Medium.

PubMed

Liu, Shi Gang; Luo, Dan; Li, Na; Zhang, Wei; Lei, Jing Lei; Li, Nian Bing; Luo, Hong Qun

2016-08-24

Water-soluble nonconjugated polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) with strong fluorescence emission were prepared from hyperbranched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) and d-glucose via Schiff base reaction and self-assembly in aqueous phase. Preparation of the PEI-d-glucose (PEI-G) PNPs was facile (one-pot reaction) and environmentally friendly under mild conditions. Also, PEI-G PNPs showed a high fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous solution, and the fluorescence properties (such as concentration- and solvent-dependent fluorescence) and origin of intrinsic fluorescence were investigated and discussed. PEI-G PNPs were then used to develop a fluorescent probe for fast, selective, and sensitive detection of nitro-explosive picric acid (PA) in aqueous medium, because the fluorescence can be easily quenched by PA whereas other nitro-explosives and structurally similar compounds only caused negligible quenching. A wide linear range (0.05-70 μM) and a low detection limit (26 nM) were obtained. The fluorescence quenching mechanism was carefully explored, and it was due to a combined effect of electron transfer, resonance energy transfer, and inner filter effect between PA and PEI-G PNPs, which resulted in good selectivity and sensitivity for PA. Finally, the developed sensor was successfully applied to detection of PA in environmental water samples.

Marine and Fisheries Training in P.E.I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schurman, Donald

1974-01-01

The Prince Edward Island Marine and Fisheries Training Centre in Summerside is the culmination of a project begun in 1970 by the Provincial Government. The facility, its history, and the major courses being taught there are described. (AG)

49. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

49. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, in the possession of Facilities Planning Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. ELEVATIONS & DETAILS CROSS SECTION THROUGH COURTYARD SHOWING WEST ELEVATION OF ARCADE AT EAST SIDE, REAR (EAST) ELEVATION OF BUILDING; SHEET NO. 7 OF 10 - Dairy Industry Building, Iowa State University campus, Ames, Story County, IA

Psychiatric and Cognitive Functioning in Adolescent Inpatients with Histories of Dating Violence Victimization

PubMed Central

Rizzo, Christie J.; Esposito-Smythers, Christianne; Spirito, Anthony; Thompson, Ariel

2010-01-01

The presence of dating violence victimization as well as its relation to psychiatric diagnosis and cognitive processes was examined in a sample of 155 adolescents hospitalized in a psychiatric facility. Participants and their parents completed semi-structured diagnostic interviews. Participants also completed self-report measures of dating violence victimization and cognitive functioning. Seventy-seven percent of adolescents who had initiated dating reported psychological, physical, and/or sexual abuse by a dating partner over the past year. Victims of psychological abuse alone as well as physical and/or sexual violence endorsed higher rates of major depressive disorder compared to non-victims. Physical/sexual dating violence victims also endorsed significantly higher rates of PTSD and alcohol use disorders, more frequent co-occurrence of externalizing and internalizing disorders, and more frequent negative cognitive biases, relative to non-victimized adolescents. Findings suggest that psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents with dating violence histories represent a subgroup of adolescent inpatients with a particularly serious clinical picture. PMID:20824193

Gas-Grain Simulation Facility (GGSF). Volume 1: Stage 1 facility definition studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gat, Nahum

1993-01-01

The Gas-Grain Simulation Facility (GGSF) is a facility-type payload to be included in the Space Station Freedom (SSF). The GGSF is a multidisciplinary facility that will accommodate several classes of experiments, including exobiology, planetary science, atmospheric science, and astrophysics. The physical mechanisms envisioned to be investigated include crystal growth, aggregation, nucleation, coagulation, condensation, collisions, fractal growth, cycles of freezing and evaporation, scavenging, longevity of bacteria, and more. TRW performed a Phase A study that included analyses of the science and technical (S&T) requirements, the development of facility functional requirements, and a conceptual design of the facility. The work that was performed under Stage 1 of the Phase A study and the results to date are summarized. In this stage, facility definition studies were conducted in sufficient detail to establish the technical feasibility of the candidate strawman experiments. The studies identified technical difficulties, identified required facility subsystems, surveyed existing technology studies and established preliminary facility weight, volume, power consumption, data systems, interface definition, and crew time requirements. The results of this study served as the basis for Stage 2 of the Phase A study in which a conceptual design and a reference design were performed. The results also served as a basis for a related study for a Gas-Grain Simulation Experiment Module (GGSEM), which is an apparatus intended to perform a subset of the GGSF experiments on board a low-Earth-orbiting platform.

Dating and eating. Beliefs about dating foods among university students.

PubMed

Amiraian, Dana E; Sobal, Jeffery

2009-10-01

Dating is an important courtship activity in the U.S., and food consumption is part of dating events. Students use dating scripts to guide decisions and behaviors on dates, and perform scripts on dates to construct positive impression management. This study examined how students conceptualized dating foods. A questionnaire was administered in one large university class, and data from 301 students were analyzed. Students were asked to name three dating foods, three foods that are not dating foods, what makes foods dating foods, and what makes foods not dating foods. Findings revealed that both common and uncommon foods were named as dating and not dating foods. Alcoholic beverages were sometimes named as dating foods. Women often named feminine foods (considered appropriate for females) as dating foods, but men were not more likely to name masculine foods (considered appropriate for males) as dating foods. Neat and easy-to-eat foods were often named as dating foods, while pungent foods and foods causing bad breath were named as not dating foods. These findings support the conception that dating scripts guide thinking about food choices to enhance impression management. Dating food choices are important for current health and as potential precursors for long-term eating relationships like marriage.

50. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

50. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, in the possession of Facilities Planning Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. EXTERIOR DETAILS DETAIL ELEVATION, PLAN, AND WALL CROSS SECTION AT FRONT ENTRANCE PORTICO; EXTERIOR WALL AND OPENING DETAILS; AND OTHER EXTERIOR DETAILS; SHEET NO. 8 OF 10 - Dairy Industry Building, Iowa State University campus, Ames, Story County, IA

Shedding PEG Palisade by Temporal Photostimulation and Intracellular Reducing Milieu for Facilitated Intracellular Trafficking and DNA Release.

PubMed

Wang, Tieyan; Chen, Qixian; Lu, Hongguang; Li, Wei; Li, Zaifen; Ma, Jianbiao; Gao, Hui

2016-08-17

The dilemma of poly(ethylene glycol) surface modification (PEGylation) inspired us to develop an intracellularly sheddable PEG palisade for synthetic delivery systems. Here, we attempted to conjugate PEG to polyethylenimine (PEI) through tandem linkages of disulfide-bridge susceptible to cytoplasmic reduction and an azobenzene/cyclodextrin inclusion complex responsive to external photoirradiation. The subsequent investigations revealed that facile PEG detachment could be achieved in endosomes upon photoirradiation, consequently engendering exposure of membrane-disruptive PEI for facilitated endosome escape. The liberated formulation in the cytosol was further subjected to complete PEG detachment relying on disulfide cleavage in the reductive cytosol, thus accelerating dissociation of electrostatically assembled PEI/DNA polyplex to release DNA by means of polyion exchange reaction with intracellularly charged species, ultimately contributing to efficient gene expression.

Multifunctional triblock co-polymer mP3/4HB-b-PEG-b-lPEI for efficient intracellular siRNA delivery and gene silencing.

PubMed

Zhou, Li; Chen, Zhifei; Wang, Feifei; Yang, Xiuqun; Zhang, Biliang

2013-04-01

A non-viral siRNA carrier composed of mono-methoxy-poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)-block-polyethylene glycol-block-linear polyethyleneimine (mP3/4HB-b-PEG-b-lPEI) was synthesized using 1800 Da linear polyethyleneimine and evaluated for siRNA delivery. Our study demonstrated that siRNA could be efficiently combined with mP3/4HB-b-PEG-b-lPEI (mAG) co-polymer and was protected from nuclease degradation. The combined siRNA were released from the complexes easily under heparin competition. The particle size of the mAG/siRNA complexes was 158 nm, with a ζ-potential of around 28 mV. Atomic force microscopy images displayed spherical and homogeneously distributed complexes. The mAG block co-polymer displayed low cytotoxicity and efficient cellular uptake of Cy3-siRNA in A549 cells by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. In vitro transfection efficiency of the block co-polymer was assessed using siRNA against luciferase in cultured A549-Luc, HeLa-Luc, HLF-Luc, A375-Luc and MCF-7-Luc cells. A higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity was obtained by mAG block co-polymer in five cell lines. Furthermore, a remarkable improvement in luciferase gene silencing efficiency of the mAG complex (up to 90-95%) over that of Lipofectamine™ 2000 (70-82%) was observed in HLF-Luc and A375-Luc cells. Additionally, a mAG/p65-siRNA complex also showed a better capability than Lipofectamine™ 2000/p65-siRNA complex to drastically reduce the p65 mRNA level down to 10-16% in HeLa, U251 and HUVEC cells at an N/P ratio of 70. Crown Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10 CFR 1040.72 - Existing facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Existing facilities. 1040.72 Section 1040.72 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) NONDISCRIMINATION IN FEDERALLY ASSISTED PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES... three years after the effective date of this subpart. (d) Transition plan. In the event that structural...

10 CFR 1040.72 - Existing facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Existing facilities. 1040.72 Section 1040.72 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) NONDISCRIMINATION IN FEDERALLY ASSISTED PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES... three years after the effective date of this subpart. (d) Transition plan. In the event that structural...

10 CFR 1040.72 - Existing facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Existing facilities. 1040.72 Section 1040.72 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) NONDISCRIMINATION IN FEDERALLY ASSISTED PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES... three years after the effective date of this subpart. (d) Transition plan. In the event that structural...

10 CFR 1040.72 - Existing facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Existing facilities. 1040.72 Section 1040.72 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) NONDISCRIMINATION IN FEDERALLY ASSISTED PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES... three years after the effective date of this subpart. (d) Transition plan. In the event that structural...

28. MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF ARVFS FACILITY AS BUILT. SHOWS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

28. MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF ARVFS FACILITY AS BUILT. SHOWS LINCOLN BOULEVARD, BIG LOST RIVER, AND NAVAL REACTORS FACILITY. F.C. TORKELSON DRAWING NUMBER 842-ARVFS-101-2. DATED OCTOBER 12, 1965. INEL INDEX CODE NUMBER: 075 0101 851 151969. - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Advanced Reentry Vehicle Fusing System, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Quantity of dates trumps quality of dates for dense Bayesian radiocarbon sediment chronologies - Gas ion source 14C dating instructed by simultaneous Bayesian accumulation rate modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosenheim, B. E.; Firesinger, D.; Roberts, M. L.; Burton, J. R.; Khan, N.; Moyer, R. P.

2016-12-01

Radiocarbon (14C) sediment core chronologies benefit from a high density of dates, even when precision of individual dates is sacrificed. This is demonstrated by a combined approach of rapid 14C analysis of CO2 gas generated from carbonates and organic material coupled with Bayesian statistical modeling. Analysis of 14C is facilitated by the gas ion source on the Continuous Flow Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CFAMS) system at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry facility. This instrument is capable of producing a 14C determination of +/- 100 14C y precision every 4-5 minutes, with limited sample handling (dissolution of carbonates and/or combustion of organic carbon in evacuated containers). Rapid analysis allows over-preparation of samples to include replicates at each depth and/or comparison of different sample types at particular depths in a sediment or peat core. Analysis priority is given to depths that have the least chronologic precision as determined by Bayesian modeling of the chronology of calibrated ages. Use of such a statistical approach to determine the order in which samples are run ensures that the chronology constantly improves so long as material is available for the analysis of chronologic weak points. Ultimately, accuracy of the chronology is determined by the material that is actually being dated, and our combined approach allows testing of different constituents of the organic carbon pool and the carbonate minerals within a core. We will present preliminary results from a deep-sea sediment core abundant in deep-sea foraminifera as well as coastal wetland peat cores to demonstrate statistical improvements in sediment- and peat-core chronologies obtained by increasing the quantity and decreasing the quality of individual dates.

76 FR 11337 - Presidential Library Facilities; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-02

... Presidential Library Facilities; Correction AGENCY: National Archives and Records Administration. ACTION... and design standards for Presidential libraries and information required in NARA's reports to Congress... Presidential library. DATES: This regulation is effective March 2, 2011. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Laura...

48. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

48. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, in the possession of Facilities Planning Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. ELEVATIONS CROSS SECTIONS THROUGH COURTYARD SHOWING EAST ELEVATION OF FRONT (WEST) PORTION OF BUILDING, SOUTH ELEVATION OF NORTH WING, NORTH ELEVATION OF SOUTH WING, PLOT PLAN, AND DETAILS; SHEET NO. 6 OF 10 - Dairy Industry Building, Iowa State University campus, Ames, Story County, IA

30 CFR 585.237 - What is the effective date of a lease?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Section 585.237 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ALTERNATE USES OF EXISTING FACILITIES ON THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Issuance of OCS Renewable Energy Leases Commercial and Limited Lease Terms § 585.237 What is the effective date of a lease...

30 CFR 585.237 - What is the effective date of a lease?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Section 585.237 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ALTERNATE USES OF EXISTING FACILITIES ON THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Issuance of OCS Renewable Energy Leases Commercial and Limited Lease Terms § 585.237 What is the effective date of a lease...

30 CFR 585.237 - What is the effective date of a lease?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Section 585.237 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ALTERNATE USES OF EXISTING FACILITIES ON THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Issuance of OCS Renewable Energy Leases Commercial and Limited Lease Terms § 585.237 What is the effective date of a lease...

Synthesis of magnetic mesoporous metal-organic framework-5 for the effective enrichment of malachite green and crystal violet in fish samples.

PubMed

Zhou, Zhihui; Fu, Yanqing; Qin, Qian; Lu, Xin; Shi, Xianzhe; Zhao, Chunxia; Xu, Guowang

2018-07-27

A novel, magnetic and mesoporous Fe 3 O 4 @PEI-MOF-5 material was synthesized for the effective enrichment of malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV) in fish samples. The Fe 3 O 4 @PEI-MOF-5 material was prepared by a facile two-step solvothermal approach in which Fe 3 O 4 @PEI and MOF-5 were connected through chemical bonds. Characterization of the newly synthesized Fe 3 O 4 @PEI-MOF-5 material was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, vibrating sample magnetometry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This new material was determined to have high magnetization and chemical stability, a large surface area and a distinctive morphology. An effective enrichment and detection method for MG and CV was subsequently developed by combining the Fe 3 O 4 @PEI-MOF-5 material with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The linearity ranges of this approach for MG and CV were 1-500ng/mL and 0.25-500ng/mL, respectively, with correlation coefficients (R 2 ) of 0.999. The limits of detection (LODs) of the method for MG and CV were 0.30ng/mL and 0.08ng/mL, respectively, indicating that the Fe 3 O 4 @PEI-MOF-5 material had good adsorption properties for MG and CV. Fe 3 O 4 @PEI-MOF-5 can be expected to also provide efficient enrichment of MG and CV in other complex matrices. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Developmental and reproductive toxicity of PVP/PEI-coated silver nanoparticles to zebrafish.

PubMed

Orbea, Amaia; González-Soto, Nagore; Lacave, José María; Barrio, Irantzu; Cajaraville, Miren P

2017-09-01

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of toxicity of silver nanoparticles (NPs) and their toxicity to fish embryos after waterborne exposure have been widely investigated, but much less information is available regarding the effect of Ag NPs on physiological functions such as growth or reproduction. In this work, the effects of waterborne exposure of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to PVP/PEI coated Ag NPs (~5nm) on reproduction (fecundity) were investigated. Moreover, the development of the embryos after parental exposure was compared with the development of embryos after direct waterborne exposure to the NPs. For this, two experiments were run: 1) embryos from unexposed parents were treated for 5days with Ag NPs (10μgAgL -1 -10mgAgL -1 ) and development was monitored, and 2) selected breeding zebrafish were exposed for 3weeks to 100ngAgL -1 (environmentally relevant concentration) or to 10μgAgL -1 of Ag NPs, fecundity was scored and development of resulting embryos was monitored up to 5days. Waterborne exposure of embryos to Ag NPs resulted in being highly toxic (LC50 at 120h=50μgAgL -1 ), causing 100% mortality during the first 24h of exposure at 0.1mgAgL -1 . Exposure of adults, even at the environmentally relevant silver concentration, caused a significant reduction of fecundity by the second week of treatment and resulting embryos showed a higher prevalence of malformations than control embryos. Exposed adult females presented higher prevalence of vacuolization in the liver. These results show that Ag NPs at an environmentally relevant concentration are able to affect population level parameters in zebrafish. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

59. Photocopy of Architectural Layout drawing, dated 25 June, 1993 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

59. Photocopy of Architectural Layout drawing, dated 25 June, 1993 by US Air Force Space Command. Original drawing property of United States Air Force, 21" Space Command. AL-6 PAVE PAWS SUPPORT SYSTEMS - CAPE COD AFB, MASSACHUSETTS - LAYOUT 4-A, 5TH & 5-A. DRAWING NO. AL-6 - SHEET 7 OF 21. - Cape Cod Air Station, Technical Facility-Scanner Building & Power Plant, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

57. Photocopy of Architectural Layout drawing, dated 25 June, 1993 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

57. Photocopy of Architectural Layout drawing, dated 25 June, 1993 by US Air Force Space Command. Original drawing property of United States Air Force, 21" Space Command. AL-3 PAVE PAWS SUPPORT SYSTEMS - CAPE COD AFB, MASSACHUSETTS - LAYOUT 1 FLOOR AND 1sr FLOOR ROOF. DRAWING NO. AL-3 - SHEET 4 OF 21. - Cape Cod Air Station, Technical Facility-Scanner Building & Power Plant, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

58. Photocopy of Architectural Layout drawing, dated 25 June, 1993 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

58. Photocopy of Architectural Layout drawing, dated 25 June, 1993 by US Air Force Space Command. Original drawing property of United States Air Force, 21" Space Command. AL-5 PAVE PAWS SUPPORT SYSTEMS - CAPE COD AFB, MASSACHUSETTS - LAYOUT 3RD, 3A, 4TH LEVELS. DRAWING NO. AL-5 - SHEET 6 OF 21 - Cape Cod Air Station, Technical Facility-Scanner Building & Power Plant, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

10 CFR 4.127 - Existing facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Existing facilities. 4.127 Section 4.127 Energy NUCLEAR... the effective date of this subpart, but in any event, as expeditiously as possible. (d) Transition... paragraph (a) of this section, a recipient shall develop a transition plan setting forth the steps necessary...

10 CFR 4.127 - Existing facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Existing facilities. 4.127 Section 4.127 Energy NUCLEAR... the effective date of this subpart, but in any event, as expeditiously as possible. (d) Transition... paragraph (a) of this section, a recipient shall develop a transition plan setting forth the steps necessary...

10 CFR 4.127 - Existing facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Existing facilities. 4.127 Section 4.127 Energy NUCLEAR... the effective date of this subpart, but in any event, as expeditiously as possible. (d) Transition... paragraph (a) of this section, a recipient shall develop a transition plan setting forth the steps necessary...

10 CFR 4.127 - Existing facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Existing facilities. 4.127 Section 4.127 Energy NUCLEAR... the effective date of this subpart, but in any event, as expeditiously as possible. (d) Transition... paragraph (a) of this section, a recipient shall develop a transition plan setting forth the steps necessary...

75 FR 68810 - Notice of Intent To Prepare One Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for the Northern...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-09

... Director, Facilities Management and Engineering, Office of Administration. [FR Doc. 2010-28239 Filed 11-8... derived from the analysis in the PEIS in management, planning, and decision-making for its mission and its...

Radiocarbon Dating

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Buchholz, B A

Radiocarbon dating can be used to determine the age of objects that contain components that were once alive. In the case of human remains, a radiocarbon date can distinguish between a crime scene and an archeological site. Documents, museum artifacts and art objects can be dated to determine if their age is correct for the historical context. A radiocarbon date does not confirm authenticity, but it can help identify a forgery.

Encapsulating gold nanoparticles or nanorods in graphene oxide shells as a novel gene vector.

PubMed

Xu, Cheng; Yang, Darong; Mei, Lin; Lu, Bingan; Chen, Libao; Li, Qiuhong; Zhu, Haizhen; Wang, Taihong

2013-04-10

Surface modification of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) is extremely necessary for biomedical applications. However, the processes of conjugating ligands to NPs surface are complicated with low yield. In this study, a hydrophilic shell with excellent biocompatibility was successfully constructed on individual gold NPs or gold nanorods (NRs) by encapsulating NPs or NRs in graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets through electrostatic self-assembly. This versatile and facile approach remarkably decreased the cytotoxicity of gold NPs or NRs capping with surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and provided abundant functional groups on NPs surface for further linkage of polyethylenimine (PEI). The PEI-functionalized GO-encapsulating gold NPs (GOPEI-AuNPs) were applied to delivery DNA into HeLa cells as a novel gene vector. It exhibited high transfection efficiency of 65% while retaining 90% viability of HeLa cells. The efficiency was comparable to commercialized PEI 25 kDa with the cytotoxicity much less than PEI. Moreover, the results on transfection efficiency was higher than PEI-functionalized GO, which can be attributed to the small size of NPs/DNA complex (150 nm at the optimal w/w ratio) and the spherical structure facilitating the cellular uptake. Our work paves the way for future studies focusing on GO-encapsulating, NP-based nanovectors.

42 CFR 488.442 - Civil money penalties: Due date for payment of penalty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Civil money penalties: Due date for payment of penalty. 488.442 Section 488.442 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF... PROCEDURES Enforcement of Compliance for Long-Term Care Facilities with Deficiencies § 488.442 Civil money...

42 CFR 488.442 - Civil money penalties: Due date for payment of penalty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Civil money penalties: Due date for payment of penalty. 488.442 Section 488.442 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF... PROCEDURES Enforcement of Compliance for Long-Term Care Facilities with Deficiencies § 488.442 Civil money...

42 CFR 488.442 - Civil money penalties: Due date for payment of penalty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Civil money penalties: Due date for payment of penalty. 488.442 Section 488.442 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF... PROCEDURES Enforcement of Compliance for Long-Term Care Facilities with Deficiencies § 488.442 Civil money...

42 CFR 488.442 - Civil money penalties: Due date for payment of penalty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Civil money penalties: Due date for payment of penalty. 488.442 Section 488.442 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF... PROCEDURES Enforcement of Compliance for Long-Term Care Facilities with Deficiencies § 488.442 Civil money...

42 CFR 488.442 - Civil money penalties: Due date for payment of penalty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Civil money penalties: Due date for payment of penalty. 488.442 Section 488.442 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF... PROCEDURES Enforcement of Compliance for Long-Term Care Facilities with Deficiencies § 488.442 Civil money...

Branched poly(ethyleneimine): a versatile scaffold for patterning polymer brushes by means of remote photocatalytic lithography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panzarasa, Guido; Dübner, Matthias; Soliveri, Guido; Edler, Matthias; Griesser, Thomas

2017-09-01

Patterning of functional surfaces is one of the cornerstones of nanotechnology as it allows the fabrication of sensors and lab-on-a-chip devices. Here, the patterning of self-assembled monolayers of branched poly(ethyleneimine) (bPEI) on silica was achieved by means of remote photocatalytic lithography. Moreover, when 2-bromoisobutyryl-modified bPEI was used, the resulting pattern could be amplified by grafting polymer brushes by means of surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. In contrast to previous reports for the patterning of bPEI, the present approach can be conducted in minutes instead of hours, reducing the exposure time to UV radiation and enhancing the overall efficiency. Furthermore, our approach is much more user-friendly, allowing a facile fabrication of patterned initiator-modified surfaces and the use of inexpensive instrumentation such as a low-power UV source and a simple photomask. Considering the versatility of bPEI as a scaffold for the development of biosensors, patterning by means of remote photocatalytic lithography will open new opportunities in a broad field of applications.

49 CFR 599.201 - Identification of salvage auctions and disposal facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... on the Web site at http://www.cars.gov/disposal; or (3) A facility that disposes of vehicles in...) of this section, be currently listed on the Web site at http://www.cars.gov/disposal, as of the date.... (1) A disposal facility that qualifies as such by active membership in ELVS and that fails to...

49 CFR 599.201 - Identification of salvage auctions and disposal facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... on the Web site at http://www.cars.gov/disposal; or (3) A facility that disposes of vehicles in...) of this section, be currently listed on the Web site at http://www.cars.gov/disposal, as of the date.... (1) A disposal facility that qualifies as such by active membership in ELVS and that fails to...

49 CFR 599.201 - Identification of salvage auctions and disposal facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... on the Web site at http://www.cars.gov/disposal; or (3) A facility that disposes of vehicles in...) of this section, be currently listed on the Web site at http://www.cars.gov/disposal, as of the date.... (1) A disposal facility that qualifies as such by active membership in ELVS and that fails to...

49 CFR 599.201 - Identification of salvage auctions and disposal facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... on the Web site at http://www.cars.gov/disposal; or (3) A facility that disposes of vehicles in...) of this section, be currently listed on the Web site at http://www.cars.gov/disposal, as of the date.... (1) A disposal facility that qualifies as such by active membership in ELVS and that fails to...

Power Burst Facility (PBF), PER620, contextual and oblique view. Camera ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Power Burst Facility (PBF), PER-620, contextual and oblique view. Camera facing northwest. South and east facade. The 1980 west-wing expansion is left of center bay. Concrete structure at right is PER-730. Date: March 2004. INEEL negative no. HD-41-2-3 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, SPERT-I & Power Burst Facility Area, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Provision of Mental Health Services in South African Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Myers, Bronwyn; Fakier, Nuraan

2009-01-01

To date, South African research has not examined mental health service provision in substance abuse treatment facilities, even though these services improve client retention and treatment outcomes. To describe the extent to which substance abuse treatment facilities in Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces provide clients with mental health services…

Boeing infrared sensor (BIRS) calibration facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hazen, John D.; Scorsone, L. V.

1990-01-01

The Boeing Infrared Sensor (BIRS) Calibration Facility represents a major capital investment in optical and infrared technology. The facility was designed and built for the calibration and testing of the new generation large aperture long wave infrared (LWIR) sensors, seekers, and related technologies. Capability exists to perform both radiometric and goniometric calibrations of large infrared sensors under simulated environmental operating conditions. The system is presently configured for endoatmospheric calibrations with a uniform background field which can be set to simulate the expected mission background levels. During calibration, the sensor under test is also exposed to expected mission temperatures and pressures within the test chamber. Capability exists to convert the facility for exoatmospheric testing. The configuration of the system is described along with hardware elements and changes made to date are addressed.

17 CFR 248.128 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Affiliate Marketing § 248.128 Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. (a) Effective date. This subpart is effective September 10, 2009. (b) Mandatory compliance date. Compliance with this... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Effective date, compliance...

Nuclear electric propulsion development and qualification facilities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dutt, D. S.; Thomassen, K.; Sovey, J.; Fontana, Mario

1991-01-01

This paper summarizes the findings of a Tri-Agency panel consisting of members from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) that were charged with reviewing the status and availability of facilities to test components and subsystems for megawatt-class nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) systems. The facilities required to support development of NEP are available in NASA centers, DOE laboratories, and industry. However, several key facilities require significant and near-term modification in order to perform the testing required to meet a 2014 launch date. For the higher powered Mars cargo and piloted missions, the priority established for facility preparation is: (1) a thruster developmental testing facility, (2) a thruster lifetime testing facility, (3) a dynamic energy conversion development and demonstration facility, and (4) an advanced reactor testing facility (if required to demonstrate an advanced multiwatt power system). Facilities to support development of the power conditioning and heat rejection subsystems are available in industry, federal laboratories, and universities. In addition to the development facilities, a new preflight qualifications and acceptance testing facility will be required to support the deployment of NEP systems for precursor, cargo, or piloted Mars missions. Because the deployment strategy for NEP involves early demonstration missions, the demonstration of the SP-100 power system is needed by the early 2000's.

75 FR 16830 - Geological and Geophysical Exploration (G&G) on the Mid- and South Atlantic Outer Continental...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-02

...Pursuant to the regulations implementing the procedural provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq. (1988)) (NEPA), MMS will reopen the comment period for a period of 45 days from the date of this Federal Register notice. Public scoping meetings will be held during this 45-day period to solicit information that will be used to prepare a PEIS to evaluate potential environmental effects of multiple G&G activities on the Atlantic OCS. These activities are associated with Atlantic OCS siting for renewable energy projects, oil and gas exploration, and marine minerals extraction; these activities could take place over a period of several years. The purpose of the scoping meetings will be to receive comments on the scope of the PEIS, identify significant resources and issues to be analyzed in the PEIS, and identify possible alternatives to the proposed action.

77 FR 26321 - Reed College, Reed Research Nuclear Reactor, Renewed Facility Operating License No. R-112

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-03

... Nuclear Reactor, Renewed Facility Operating License No. R-112 AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission... Commission (NRC or the Commission) has issued renewed Facility Operating License No. R- 112, held by Reed... License No. R-112 will expire 20 years from its date of issuance. The renewed facility operating license...

Long-Range Facilities - Plan

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-07-31

3. DATES COVERED 00-00-1981 to 00-00-1981 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Long-Range Facilities - Plan 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM...sternwheeler “Mark Twain” for Disneyland and fabrication of eight 52 foot submarines for the Disneyland “Navy.” This was followed by fabrication of the masts...converting the PRESIDENT GRANT , PRESIDENT McKINLEY and PRESIDENT FILLMORE to container ships for American President Lines, Ltd. These ships were designed to

CSciBox: An Intelligent Assistant for Dating Ice and Sediment Cores

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Finlinson, K.; Bradley, E.; White, J. W. C.; Anderson, K. A.; Marchitto, T. M., Jr.; de Vesine, L. R.; Jones, T. R.; Lindsay, C. M.; Israelsen, B.

2015-12-01

CSciBox is an integrated software system for the construction and evaluation of age models of paleo-environmental archives. It incorporates a number of data-processing and visualization facilities, ranging from simple interpolation to reservoir-age correction and 14C calibration via the Calib algorithm, as well as a number of firn and ice-flow models. It employs modern database technology to store paleoclimate proxy data and analysis results in an easily accessible and searchable form, and offers the user access to those data and computational elements via a modern graphical user interface (GUI). In the case of truly large data or computations, CSciBox is parallelizable across modern multi-core processors, or clusters, or even the cloud. The code is open source and freely available on github, as are one-click installers for various versions of Windows and Mac OSX. The system's architecture allows users to incorporate their own software in the form of computational components that can be built smoothly into CSciBox workflows, taking advantage of CSciBox's GUI, data importing facilities, and plotting capabilities. To date, BACON and StratiCounter have been integrated into CSciBox as embedded components. The user can manipulate and compose all of these tools and facilities as she sees fit. Alternatively, she can employ CSciBox's automated reasoning engine, which uses artificial intelligence techniques to explore the gamut of age models and cross-dating scenarios automatically. The automated reasoning engine captures the knowledge of expert geoscientists, and can output a description of its reasoning.

National Ignition Facility under fire over ignition failure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Allen, Michael

2016-08-01

The 3.5bn National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California is no nearer to igniting a sustainable nuclear fusion burn - four years after its initial target date - according to a report by the US National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA).

76 FR 50663 - Revisions to Form, Procedures and Criteria for Certification of Qualifying Facility Status for a...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-16

... facilities. List of Subjects in 18 CFR Part 292 Electric power, Electric power plants, Electric utilities... to Form, Procedures and Criteria for Certification of Qualifying Facility Status for a Small Power... small power production or cogeneration facility. DATES: August 16, 2011. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT...

Dating Violence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stader, David L.

2011-01-01

Dating violence is a form of student-on-student victimization and is a serious school safety issue. Research indicates that at a minimum, 10 percent of high school students are victims of dating violence in one form or another. Among female high school students that date, some data indicate that as many as 30 percent may be victims of dating…

Apoptosis induction activity and molecular docking studies of survivin siRNA carried by Fe3O4-PEG-LAC-chitosan-PEI nanoparticles in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.

PubMed

Arami, Sanam; Mahdavi, Majid; Rashidi, Mohammad-Reza; Yekta, Reza; Rahnamay, Mohammad; Molavi, Leila; Hejazi, Mohammad-Saeid; Samadi, Nasser

2017-08-05

Delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into cells still remains a challenge in gene delivery studies. Here, we investigated the ability of synthesized Fe 3 O 4 -PEG-LAC-chitosan-PEI nanoparticles for siRNA delivery of survivin as the model gene into cells. The cellular uptake of survivin siRNA carried by synthesized nanoparticles into MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was evaluated by florescent microscopy and flowcytometry, both proving the efficacy of nanoparticles in delivery of up to 64.7% in comparison with lipofectamine 2000. Furthermore, the delivery of survivin siRNA by the nanoparticles (nanoplex) induced apoptosis that was assessed through DAPI staining and Annexin V/PI assays. In addition, we evaluated the efficacy of treatment with nanoplexes in the presence of mitoxantrone, as a chemotherapeutic agent. Our data indicated that inhibition of survivin expression increased the cell sensitivity to mitoxantrone. Real-time PCR and western blotting analysis revealed a significant reduction in mRNA and protein levels of survivin upon delivery of siRNA. Molecular docking studies showed that nanoparticles can bind to centeral BIR domain of survivin, exactly above zinc ion location with high affinity (ΔG: -10.3Kcal/mol). Also, thermodynamic studies proved the experimental results theoretically, revealing that the siRNA-loaded nanoparticles have a suppressing effect on survivin mRNA. Therefore, delivery of survivin siRNA into MCF-7 cells using Fe 3 O 4 -PEG-LAC-chitosan-PEI nanoparticles as a carrier enhances the cell death. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Financing Educational Facility Construction: Prevailing Wage Litigation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldblatt, Steven M.; Wood, R. Craig

This chapter presents an up-to-date analysis of prevailing state wage laws that affect educational facility construction or renovation and highlights relevant prevailing wage litigation in many states. Currently, 13 states have no prevailing wage laws for public works. The other 37 states and the District of Columbia do have prevailing wage laws…

12 CFR 571.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. 571.28 Section 571.28 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 571.28 Effective date, compliance date, and...

12 CFR 41.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. 41.28 Section 41.28 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 41.28 Effective date, compliance date, and prospective...

Improved product energy intensity benchmarking metrics for thermally concentrated food products.

PubMed

Walker, Michael E; Arnold, Craig S; Lettieri, David J; Hutchins, Margot J; Masanet, Eric

2014-10-21

Product energy intensity (PEI) metrics allow industry and policymakers to quantify manufacturing energy requirements on a product-output basis. However, complexities can arise for benchmarking of thermally concentrated products, particularly in the food processing industry, due to differences in outlet composition, feed material composition, and processing technology. This study analyzes tomato paste as a typical, high-volume concentrated product using a thermodynamics-based model. Results show that PEI for tomato pastes and purees varies from 1200 to 9700 kJ/kg over the range of 8%-40% outlet solids concentration for a 3-effect evaporator, and 980-7000 kJ/kg for a 5-effect evaporator. Further, the PEI for producing paste at 31% outlet solids concentration in a 3-effect evaporator varies from 13,000 kJ/kg at 3% feed solids concentration to 5900 kJ/kg at 6%; for a 5-effect evaporator, the variation is from 9200 kJ/kg at 3%, to 4300 kJ/kg at 6%. Methods to compare the PEI of different product concentrations on a standard basis are evaluated. This paper also presents methods to develop PEI benchmark values for multiple plants. These results focus on the case of a tomato paste processing facility, but can be extended to other products and industries that utilize thermal concentration.

32 CFR 644.559 - Civilian component training facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Civilian component training facilities. 644.559 Section 644.559 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY (CONTINUED) REAL... Secretary of the Air Force, respectively (Department of Defense Directive 5100.10, dated 16 March 1972). ...

32 CFR 644.559 - Civilian component training facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Civilian component training facilities. 644.559 Section 644.559 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY (CONTINUED) REAL... Secretary of the Air Force, respectively (Department of Defense Directive 5100.10, dated 16 March 1972). ...

32 CFR 644.559 - Civilian component training facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Civilian component training facilities. 644.559 Section 644.559 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY (CONTINUED) REAL... Secretary of the Air Force, respectively (Department of Defense Directive 5100.10, dated 16 March 1972). ...

32 CFR 644.559 - Civilian component training facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Civilian component training facilities. 644.559 Section 644.559 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY (CONTINUED) REAL... Secretary of the Air Force, respectively (Department of Defense Directive 5100.10, dated 16 March 1972). ...

32 CFR 644.559 - Civilian component training facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Civilian component training facilities. 644.559 Section 644.559 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY (CONTINUED) REAL... Secretary of the Air Force, respectively (Department of Defense Directive 5100.10, dated 16 March 1972). ...

76 FR 11339 - Update to NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, for State Home Facilities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-02

... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS 38 CFR Part 51 RIN 2900-AN59 Update to NFPA 101, Life Safety Code..., Life Safety Code. The change is designed to assure that State Home facilities meet current industry- wide standards regarding life safety and fire safety. DATES: Effective Date: This final rule is...

Balsam-Pear-Skin-Like Porous Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibrous Membranes Grafted with Polyethyleneimine for Postcombustion CO2 Capture.

PubMed

Zhang, Yufei; Guan, Jiming; Wang, Xianfeng; Yu, Jianyong; Ding, Bin

2017-11-22

Amine-containing sorbents have been extensively studied for postcombustion carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture because of their ability to chemisorb CO 2 from the flue gas. However, most sorbents are in the form of powders currently, which is not the ideal configuration for the flue gas separation because of the fragile nature and poor mechanical properties, resulting in blocking of the flow pipes and difficult recycling. Herein, we present a novel approach for the facile fabrication of flexible, robust, and polyethyleneimine-grafted (PEI-grafted) hydrolyzed porous PAN nanofibrous membranes (HPPAN-PEI NFMs) through the combination of electrospinning, pore-forming process, hydrolysis reaction, and the subsequent grafting technique. Excitingly, we find that all the resultant porous PAN (PPAN) fibers exhibit a balsam-pear-skin-like porous structure due to the selective removal of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) from PAN/PVP fibers by water extraction. Significantly, the HPPAN-PEI NFMs retain their mesoporosity, as well as exhibit good thermal stability and prominent tensile strength (11.1 MPa) after grafting, guaranteeing their application in CO 2 trapping from the flue gas. When exposed to CO 2 at 40 °C, the HPPAN-PEI NFMs show an enhanced CO 2 adsorption capacity of 1.23 mmol g -1 (based on the overall quantity of the sample) or 6.15 mmol g -1 (based on the quantity of grafted PEI). Moreover, the developed HPPAN-PEI NFMs display significantly selective capture for CO 2 over N 2 and excellent recyclability. The CO 2 capacity retains 92% of the initial value after 20 adsorption-desorption cycle tests, indicating that the resultant HPPAN-PEI NFMs have good long-term stability. This work paves the way for fabricating NFM-based solid adsorption materials endowed with a porous structure applied to efficient postcombustion CO 2 capture.

A User's Guide for the Spacecraft Fire Safety Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goldmeer, Jeffrey S.

2000-01-01

The Spacecraft Fire Safety Facility (SFSF) is a test facility that can be flown on NASA's reduced gravity aircraft to perform various types of combustion experiments under a variety of experimental conditions. To date, this facility has flown numerous times on the aircraft and has been used to perform experiments ranging from an examination of the effects transient depressurization on combustion, to ignition and flame spread. A list of pubfications/presentations based on experiments performed in the SFSF is included in the reference section. This facility consists of five main subsystems: combustion chamber, sample holders, gas flow system, imaging system, and the data acquisition/control system. Each of these subsystems will be reviewed in more detail. These subsystems provide the experiment operator with the ability to monitor and/or control numerous experimental parameters.

Screening and characterization of ethanol-tolerant and thermotolerant acetic acid bacteria from Chinese vinegar Pei.

PubMed

Chen, Yang; Bai, Ye; Li, Dongsheng; Wang, Chao; Xu, Ning; Hu, Yong

2016-01-01

Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are important microorganisms in the vinegar industry. However, AAB have to tolerate the presence of ethanol and high temperatures, especially in submerged fermentation (SF), which inhibits AAB growth and acid yield. In this study, seven AAB that are tolerant to temperatures above 40 °C and ethanol concentrations above 10% (v/v) were isolated from Chinese vinegar Pei. All the isolated AAB belong to Acetobacter pasteurianus according to 16S rDNA analysis. Among all AAB, AAB4 produced the highest acid yield under high temperature and ethanol test conditions. At 4% ethanol and 30-40 °C temperatures, AAB4 maintained an alcohol-acid transform ratio of more than 90.5 %. High alcohol-acid transform ratio was still maintained even at higher temperatures, namely, 87.2, 77.1, 14.5 and 2.9% at 41, 42, 43 and 44 °C, respectively. At 30 °C and different initial ethanol concentrations (4-10%), the acid yield by AAB4 increased gradually, although the alcohol-acid transform ratio decreased to some extent. However, 46.5, 8.7 and 0.9% ratios were retained at ethanol concentrations of 11, 12 and 13%, respectively. When compared with AS1.41 (an AAB widely used in China) using a 10 L fermentor, AAB4 produced 42.0 g/L acetic acid at 37 °C with 10% ethanol, whereas AS1.41 almost stopped producing acetic acid. In conclusion, these traits suggest that AAB4 is a valuable strain for vinegar production in SF.

New and revised 14C dates for Hawaiian surface lava flows: Paleomagnetic and geomagnetic implications

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pressline, N.; Trusdell, F.A.; Gubbins, David

2009-01-01

Radiocarbon dates have been obtained for 30 charcoal samples corresponding to 27 surface lava flows from the Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes on the Island of Hawaii. The submitted charcoal was a mixture of fresh and archived material. Preparation and analysis was undertaken at the NERC Radiocarbon Laboratory in Glasgow, Scotland, and the associated SUERC Accelerator Mass Spectrometry facility. The resulting dates range from 390 years B.P. to 12,910 years B.P. with corresponding error bars an order of magnitude smaller than previously obtained using the gas-counting method. The new and revised 14C data set can aid hazard and risk assessment on the island. The data presented here also have implications for geomagnetic modelling, which at present is limited by large dating errors. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.

Bullying Predicts Reported Dating Violence and Observed Qualities in Adolescent Dating Relationships.

PubMed

Ellis, Wendy E; Wolfe, David A

2015-10-01

The relationship between reported bullying, reported dating violence, and dating relationship quality measured through couple observations was examined. Given past research demonstrating similarity between peer and dating contexts, we expected that bullying would predict negative dating experiences. Participants with dating experience (n = 585; 238 males, M(age) = 15.06) completed self-report assessments of bullying and dating violence perpetration and victimization. One month later, 44 opposite-sex dyads (M(age) = 15.19) participated in behavioral observations. In 10-min sessions, couples were asked to rank and discuss areas of relationship conflict while being video-recorded. Qualities of the relationship were later coded by trained observers. Regression analysis revealed that bullying positively predicted dating violence perpetration and victimization. Self-reported bullying also predicted observations of lower relationship support and higher withdrawal. Age and gender interactions further qualified these findings. The bullying of boys, but not girls, was significantly related to dating violence perpetration. Age interactions showed that bullying was positively predictive of dating violence perpetration and victimization for older, but not younger adolescents. Positive affect was also negatively predicted by bullying, but only for girls. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that adolescents carry forward strategies learned in the peer context to their dating relationships. © The Author(s) 2014.

National Transonic Facility status

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mckinney, L. W.; Bruce, W. E., Jr.; Gloss, B. B.

1989-01-01

The National Transonic Facility (NTF) was operational in a combined checkout and test mode for about 3 years. During this time there were many challenges associated with movement of mechanical components, operation of instrumentation systems, and drying of insulation in the cryogenic environment. Most of these challenges were met to date along with completion of a basic flow calibration and aerodynamic tests of a number of configurations. Some of the major challenges resulting from cryogenic environment are reviewed with regard to hardware systems and data quality. Reynolds number effects on several configurations are also discussed.

WAR DSS: A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY CONSCIOUS CHEMICAL PROCESS DESIGN

EPA Science Inventory

The second generation of the Waste Reduction (WAR) Algorithm is constructed as a decision support system (DSS) in the design of chemical manufacturing facilities. The WAR DSS is a software tool that can help reduce the potential environmental impacts (PEIs) of industrial chemical...

Availability analysis of an HTGR fuel recycle facility. Summary report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sharmahd, J.N.

1979-11-01

An availability analysis of reprocessing systems in a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) fuel recycle facility was completed. This report summarizes work done to date to define and determine reprocessing system availability for a previously planned HTGR recycle reference facility (HRRF). Schedules and procedures for further work during reprocessing development and for HRRF design and construction are proposed in this report. Probable failure rates, transfer times, and repair times are estimated for major system components. Unscheduled down times are summarized.

75 FR 15389 - No Child Left Behind School Facilities and Construction Negotiated Rulemaking Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-29

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Indian Affairs 25 CFR CHAPTER VI No Child Left Behind School..., the Bureau of Indian Affairs is announcing that the No Child Left Behind School Facilities and... school facilities as required under the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. DATES: The Committee's second...

Facility shows benefit of staying single.

PubMed

Baillie, Jonathan

2010-08-01

Construction of the new 513-bed PFI-funded hospital in Pembury near Tunbridge Wells in Kent, a pound 227 million acute healthcare facility that, on its completion in the autumn of 2011, will be the UK's first to offer 100% single-bed en suite accommodation, is ahead of schedule, "thanks to excellent teamwork and careful planning". During a visit to the now rapidly emerging healthcare facility, located in an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) in a wooded hillside location in the Weald of Kent which Nigel Keen, general manager for the PFI project company, described as "the most attractive site for a hospital I have ever worked on", HEJ editor Jonathan Baillie met key project personnel and discussed the impressive progress made to date.

12 CFR 334.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. 334.28 Section 334.28 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 334.28 Effective date...

Chemical Principles Revisited: Archaeological Dating.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rowe, M. W.

1986-01-01

Discusses methods used to date archaeological artifacts and other remains. They include: (1) nuclear dating techniques (radiocarbon dating, accelerator radiocarbon dating, thermoluminescence, and others); (2) chemical dating techniques (amino acid racemization, obsidian hydration dating, elemental content changes, and thermal analysis dating); and…

LPT. Shield test facility (TAN645) interior. Mechanical equipment room with ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

LPT. Shield test facility (TAN-645) interior. Mechanical equipment room with switchgear and control boards. Photographer: Jack L. Anderson. Date: February 20, 1959. INEEL negative no. 59-858 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Area North, Scoville, Butte County, ID

LPT. Shield test facility (TAN645) interior. Mechanical equipment room with ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

LPT. Shield test facility (TAN-645) interior. Mechanical equipment room with airwasher and refrigeration compressor. Photographer: Jack L. Anderson. Date: February 20, 1959. INEEL negative no. 59-855 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Area North, Scoville, Butte County, ID

LPT. Aerial of low power test facility (TAN640 and 641) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

LPT. Aerial of low power test facility (TAN-640 and -641) and shield test facility (TAN-645 and -646). Camera facing south. Low power reactor cells at left, then one-story control building; diagonal fence; shield test control building, then (high-bay) pool room. In foreground are electrical pad, water tanks and guard house. Photographer: Lowin. Date: February 24, 1965. INEEL negative no. 65-987 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Area North, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Cyber dating abuse: prevalence, context, and relationship with offline dating aggression.

PubMed

Borrajo, E; Gámez-Guadix, M; Calvete, E

2015-04-01

The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) as tools to intimidate, harass, and control the partner has been, so far, little studied in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the extension and sex differences of victimization of cyber dating abuse, as well as the context in which it occurs, and its relationship with offline psychological and physical aggressions. The sample consisted of 433 college students ages 18 to 30 years. The results showed that over 50% of the participants had been victims of some type of cyber dating abuse in the last six months. The most common behavior was the use of ICT to control the partner. Also, victims of cyber dating abuse were victimized repeatedly, an average of 23 times in the last six months. The data also showed that cyber dating abuse appear usually in a context of jealousy. Finally, the results revealed a significant relationship between cyber dating abuse and offline psychological dating aggressions. Limitations and future lines of research are discussed.

"A different kind of beauty": scientific and architectural style in I.M. Pei's Mesa Laboratory and Louis Kahn's Salk Institute.

PubMed

Leslie, Stuart W

2008-01-01

I.M. Pei's Mesa Laboratory for the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, and Louis Kahn's Salk Institute in La Jolla, California, are rare examples of laboratories as celebrated for their architecture as for their scientific contributions. Completed in the mid-1960s, these signature buildings still express the scientific style of their founding directors, Walter Roberts and Jonas Salk. yet in commissioning their laboratories, Roberts and Salk had to work with architects as strong-willed as themselves. A close reading of the two laboratories reveals the ongoing negotiations and tensions in collaborations between visionary scientist and visionary architect. Moreover, Roberts and Salk also had to become architects of atmospheric and biomedical sciences. For laboratory architecture, however flexible in theory, necessarily stabilizes scientific practice, since a philosophy of research is embedded in the very structure of the building and persists far longer than the initial vision and mission that gave it life. Roberts and Salk's experiences suggest that even the most carefully designed laboratories must successfully adapt to new disciplinary configurations, funding opportunities, and research priorities, or risk becoming mere architectural icons.

A Phenomenological Investigation of Adolescent Dating Relationships and Dating Violence Counseling Interventions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hays, Danica G.; Michel, Rebecca E.; Cole, Rebekah F.; Emelianchik, Kelly; Forman, Julia; Lorelle, Sonya; McBride, Rebecca; Sikes, April

2011-01-01

Despite the prevalence of dating violence, incidences often go unreported due to a lack of awareness among students as to appropriate dating behaviors. This phenomenology investigated how adolescents conceptualize and experience dating relationships. We explored adolescent females' definitions of healthy and abusive relationships, experiences with…

High-Explosives Applications Facility (HEAF)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morse, J. L.; Weingart, R. C.

1989-03-01

This Safety Analysis Report (SAR) reviews the safety and environmental aspects of the High Explosives Applications Facility (HEAF). Topics covered include the site selected for the HEAF, safety design criteria, operations planned within the facility, and the safety and environmental analyses performed on this project to date. Provided in the Summary section is a review of hazards and the analyses, conclusions, and operating limits developed in this SAR. Appendices provide supporting documents relating to this SAR. This SAR is required by the LLNL Health and Safety Manual and DOE Order 5481.1B(2) to document the safety analysis efforts. The SAR was assembled by the Hazards Control Department, B-Division, and HEAF project personnel. This document was reviewed by B Division, the Chemistry Department, the Hazards Control Department, the Laboratory Associate Director for Administration and Operations, and the Associate Directors ultimately responsible for HEAF operations.

Correlates of minimal dating.

PubMed

Leck, Kira

2006-10-01

Researchers have associated minimal dating with numerous factors. The present author tested shyness, introversion, physical attractiveness, performance evaluation, anxiety, social skill, social self-esteem, and loneliness to determine the nature of their relationships with 2 measures of self-reported minimal dating in a sample of 175 college students. For women, shyness, introversion, physical attractiveness, self-rated anxiety, social self-esteem, and loneliness correlated with 1 or both measures of minimal dating. For men, physical attractiveness, observer-rated social skill, social self-esteem, and loneliness correlated with 1 or both measures of minimal dating. The patterns of relationships were not identical for the 2 indicators of minimal dating, indicating the possibility that minimal dating is not a single construct as researchers previously believed. The present author discussed implications and suggestions for future researchers.

Poly-Cross-Linked PEI Through Aromatically Conjugated Imine Linkages as a New Class of pH-Responsive Nucleic Acids Packing Cationic Polymers

PubMed Central

Chen, Shun; Jin, Tuo

2016-01-01

Cationic polyimines polymerized through aromatically conjugated bis-imine linkages and intra-molecular cross-linking were found to be a new class of effective transfection materials for their flexibility in structural optimization, responsiveness to intracellular environment, the ability to facilitate endosome escape and cytosol release of the nucleic acids, as well as self-metabolism. When three phthalaldehydes of different substitution positions were used to polymerize highly branched low-molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI 1.8K), the product through ortho-phthalimines (named PPOP) showed significantly higher transfection activity than its two tere- and iso-analogs (named PPTP and PPIP). Physicochemical characterization confirmed the similarity of three polyimines in pH-responded degradability, buffer capacity, as well as the size and Zeta potential of the polyplexes formed from the polymers. A mechanistic speculation may be that the ortho-positioned bis-imine linkage of PPOP may only lead to the straight trans-configuration due to steric hindrance, resulting in larger loops of intra-polymer cross-linking and more flexible backbone. PMID:26869931

78 FR 16483 - Notice of Availability of the Draft Uranium Leasing Program Programmatic Environmental Impact...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-15

...The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announces the availability of the Draft Uranium Leasing Program Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (Draft ULP PEIS, DOE/EIS-0472D), for public comment. DOE is also announcing the dates, times, and locations for public hearings to receive comments on the Draft ULP PEIS. DOE has prepared the Draft ULP PEIS pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), the Council on Environmental Quality's (CEQ's) NEPA regulations (40 CFR parts 1500-1508), and DOE's NEPA implementing procedures (10 CFR part 1021) to analyze the reasonably foreseeable potential environmental impacts, including the site-specific impacts, of the range of reasonable alternatives for the management of the ULP. DOE's ULP administers 31 tracts of land covering an aggregate of approximately 25,000 acres (10,000 ha) in Mesa, Montrose, and San Miguel Counties in western Colorado for exploration, mine development, operations, and reclamation of uranium mines. The cooperating agencies on this ULP PEIS are the: U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau of Land Management (BLM); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Colorado Department of Transportation; Colorado Division of Reclamation, Mining, and Safety; Colorado Parks and Wildlife ; Mesa County Commission; Montrose County Commission; San Juan County Commission; San Miguel County Board of Commissioners; Pueblo of Acoma Tribe; Pueblo de Cochiti Tribe; Pueblo de Isleta Tribe; Navajo Nation; and Southern Ute Indian Tribe.

Longitudinal relationships between individual and class norms supporting dating violence and perpetration of dating violence.

PubMed

Taylor, Katherine A; Sullivan, Terri N; Farrell, Albert D

2015-03-01

Dating violence is commonly perpetrated in adolescence, making it imperative to understand risk factors in order to inform prevention efforts. Although individual norms supporting dating violence are strongly related to its perpetration, few studies have examined their longitudinal impact. Moreover, the influence of class norms (i.e., norms for students in the same grade, cohort, and school) supporting dating violence on perpetration has rarely been studied. The current study examined longitudinal relationships between individual and class norms supporting dating violence and perpetration of physical and psychological dating violence. Participants were two cohorts of sixth graders from 37 schools who were in dating relationships at Wave 1 and 6 months later at Wave 2 (N = 2,022; 43% female; 52% African American, 21% Latino/a, 20% White, and 7% other). The analyses used a multilevel approach, with students represented at Level 1 and classes (n = 74) at Level 2. The models tested direct effects of Wave 1 individual and class norms supporting dating violence on subsequent changes in perpetration of dating violence at Wave 2 and the extent to which gender moderated these relationships. The findings indicated that greater individual norms supporting male dating violence predicted greater change in perpetration of physical and psychological dating violence and greater individual norms supporting female dating violence predicted greater change in perpetration of psychological dating violence. Greater class norms supporting male dating violence predicted greater change in perpetration of physical dating violence; whereas greater class norms supporting female dating violence predicted less change in perpetration of physical dating violence. These findings highlight the need to address norms in early adolescence.

The Realities of Date Rape.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Presley, Cara; Watson, Jennifer; Williams, Audrey R.

This poster presentation addresses the issue of date rape, specifically in the college environment. Highlighted are date rape statistics, demographics, and date rape drugs. Also discussed are date rape warnings and prevention strategies. It is concluded that college and university administrators must place the issue of date rape and acquaintance…

Radiometric Dating Does Work!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dalrymple, G. Brent

2000-01-01

Discusses the accuracy of dating methods and creationist arguments that radiometric dating does not work. Explains the Manson meteorite impact and the Pierre shale, the ages of meteorites, the K-T tektites, and dating the Mount Vesuvius eruption. (Author/YDS)

16 CFR 680.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... REPORTING ACT AFFILIATE MARKETING § 680.28 Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. (a... part shall not prohibit you from using eligibility information that you receive from an affiliate to...

12 CFR 41.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... TREASURY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 41.28 Effective date, compliance date, and prospective... an affiliate to make solicitations to a consumer if the bank receives such information prior to...

12 CFR 41.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... TREASURY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 41.28 Effective date, compliance date, and prospective... an affiliate to make solicitations to a consumer if the bank receives such information prior to...

16 CFR 680.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... REPORTING ACT AFFILIATE MARKETING § 680.28 Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. (a... part shall not prohibit you from using eligibility information that you receive from an affiliate to...

16 CFR 680.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... REPORTING ACT AFFILIATE MARKETING § 680.28 Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. (a... part shall not prohibit you from using eligibility information that you receive from an affiliate to...

16 CFR 680.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... REPORTING ACT AFFILIATE MARKETING § 680.28 Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. (a... part shall not prohibit you from using eligibility information that you receive from an affiliate to...

16 CFR 680.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... REPORTING ACT AFFILIATE MARKETING § 680.28 Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. (a... part shall not prohibit you from using eligibility information that you receive from an affiliate to...

12 CFR 41.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... TREASURY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 41.28 Effective date, compliance date, and prospective... an affiliate to make solicitations to a consumer if the bank receives such information prior to...

12 CFR 41.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... TREASURY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 41.28 Effective date, compliance date, and prospective... an affiliate to make solicitations to a consumer if the bank receives such information prior to...

12 CFR 571.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 571.28 Effective date, compliance date, and prospective... affiliate to make solicitations to a consumer if you receive such information prior to October 1, 2008. For...

12 CFR 571.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... THE TREASURY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 571.28 Effective date, compliance date, and... receive from an affiliate to make solicitations to a consumer if you receive such information prior to...

12 CFR 571.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... THE TREASURY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 571.28 Effective date, compliance date, and... receive from an affiliate to make solicitations to a consumer if you receive such information prior to...

12 CFR 571.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 571.28 Effective date, compliance date, and prospective... affiliate to make solicitations to a consumer if you receive such information prior to October 1, 2008. For...

Up-Dating: Ratings of Perceived Dating Success Are Better Online than Offline.

PubMed

Fullwood, Chris; Attrill-Smith, Alison

2018-01-01

The primary aims of this study were to test whether perceived dating success would differ between offline and online zero-acquaintance dating contexts and to investigate the role that self-esteem might play in these evaluations. Participants were presented with the same photos of targets in either an offline or online dating scenario and rated their chances of dating success along with their perceptions of how attractive they thought the target would consider them. Higher self-esteem individuals believed they would be rated as more attractive. There was an overall perception that, irrespective of self-esteem level, meeting online would lead to better chances of dating success. These findings are considered in relation to an increased ability to more precisely manage impressions and develop an image of the self which would be evaluated more positively online.

17 CFR 160.18 - Effective date; compliance date; transition rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., by that date, you have established a system for providing an initial notice to all new customers and... agreements. Until March 31, 2003, a contract that you have entered into with a nonaffiliated third party to... date; transition rule. 160.18 Section 160.18 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES...

Dates fruits classification using SVM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alzu'bi, Reem; Anushya, A.; Hamed, Ebtisam; Al Sha'ar, Eng. Abdelnour; Vincy, B. S. Angela

2018-04-01

In this paper, we used SVM in classifying various types of dates using their images. Dates have interesting different characteristics that can be valuable to distinguish and determine a particular date type. These characteristics include shape, texture, and color. A system that achieves 100% accuracy was built to classify the dates which can be eatable and cannot be eatable. The built system helps the food industry and customer in classifying dates depending on specific quality measures giving best performance with specific type of dates.

76 FR 34720 - Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards Personnel Surety Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-14

...; Date of birth; Place of birth; Gender; Citizenship; Passport information; Visa information; Alien... birth; and c. Citizenship or Gender. The Department will require that high-risk chemical facilities.... Aliases; b. Gender (for Non-U.S. persons); c. Place of birth; and d. DHS Redress Number. In lieu of...

LPT. Shield test facility (TAN646) exterior, as modified for EBOR. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

LPT. Shield test facility (TAN-646) exterior, as modified for EBOR. Camera facing northeast. Heat exchange fans, helium storage tanks, and completed EBOR perimeter road. Photographer: Page Comisky. Date: ca. August 20, 1965. INEEL negative no. 65-4328 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Area North, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Overview: Development of the National Ignition Facility and the Transition to a User Facility for the Ignition Campaign and High Energy Density Scientific Research

DOE PAGES

Moses, E. I.; Lindl, J. D.; Spaeth, M. L.; ...

2017-03-23

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has been operational since March 2009 and has been transitioning to a user facility supporting ignition science, high energy density stockpile science, national security applications, and fundamental science. The facility has achieved its design goal of 1.8 MJ and 500 TW of 3ω light on target, and has performed target experiments with 1.9 MJ at peak powers of 410 TW. The National Ignition Campaign (NIC), established by the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration in 2005, was responsible for transitioning NIF from a construction project to a national user facility. Besidesmore » the operation and optimization of the use of the NIF laser, the NIC program was responsible for developing capabilities including target fabrication facilities; cryogenic layering capabilities; over 60 optical, X-ray, and nuclear diagnostic systems; experimental platforms; and a wide range of other NIF facility infrastructure. This study provides a summary of some of the key experimental results for NIF to date, an overview of the NIF facility capabilities, and the challenges that were met in achieving these capabilities. Finally, they are covered in more detail in the papers that follow.« less

Overview: Development of the National Ignition Facility and the Transition to a User Facility for the Ignition Campaign and High Energy Density Scientific Research

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moses, E. I.; Lindl, J. D.; Spaeth, M. L.

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has been operational since March 2009 and has been transitioning to a user facility supporting ignition science, high energy density stockpile science, national security applications, and fundamental science. The facility has achieved its design goal of 1.8 MJ and 500 TW of 3ω light on target, and has performed target experiments with 1.9 MJ at peak powers of 410 TW. The National Ignition Campaign (NIC), established by the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration in 2005, was responsible for transitioning NIF from a construction project to a national user facility. Besidesmore » the operation and optimization of the use of the NIF laser, the NIC program was responsible for developing capabilities including target fabrication facilities; cryogenic layering capabilities; over 60 optical, X-ray, and nuclear diagnostic systems; experimental platforms; and a wide range of other NIF facility infrastructure. This study provides a summary of some of the key experimental results for NIF to date, an overview of the NIF facility capabilities, and the challenges that were met in achieving these capabilities. Finally, they are covered in more detail in the papers that follow.« less

Dating and Physical Violence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heritage, Jeannette; Carlton, Carol C.; West, Beryl

Physical aggression in dating relationships has become a serious problem. Because knowledge of violence in marital relationships has expanded to include dating relationships, some of the attitudes of college students toward violent behavior in dating relationships are examined here. Also discussed are ways in which demographics and life history…

76 FR 1213 - Core Principles and Other Requirements for Swap Execution Facilities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-07

... Part II Commodity Futures Trading Commission 17 CFR Part 37 Core Principles and Other Requirements... RIN Number 3038-AD18 Core Principles and Other Requirements for Swap Execution Facilities AGENCY... Compliance With the Core Principles III. Effective Date and Transition Period IV. Related Matters A...

Assessing the effects of Families for Safe Dates, a family-based teen dating abuse prevention program.

PubMed

Foshee, Vangie A; McNaughton Reyes, Heath Luz; Ennett, Susan T; Cance, Jessica D; Bauman, Karl E; Bowling, J Michael

2012-10-01

To examine the effects of a family-based teen dating abuse prevention program, Families for Safe Dates, primarily on outcomes related to testing the conceptual underpinnings of the program including (1) factors motivating and facilitating caregiver engagement in teen dating abuse prevention activities, and 2) risk factors for teen dating abuse, and secondarily on dating abuse behaviors. Families were recruited nationwide using listed telephone numbers. Caregivers and teens completed baseline and 3-month follow-up telephone interviews (n = 324). Families randomly allocated to treatment condition received the Families for Safe Dates program including six mailed activity booklets followed-up by health educator telephone calls. There were significant (<.05) treatment effects in hypothesized directions on most of the factors motivating and facilitating caregiver engagement in teen dating abuse prevention activities including caregiver perceived severity of dating abuse, response efficacy for preventing dating abuse, self-efficacy for talking about dating abuse, knowledge of dating abuse, acceptance of dating abuse, communication skills with the teen, and belief in the importance of involvement in their male (but not female) teen's dating. The latter effect was the only one moderated by sex of the teen. The targeted risk factor affected by the program was teen acceptance of dating abuse. Treatment was also significantly associated with less physical dating abuse victimization. Modifications to the program are warranted, but overall, the findings are very favorable for the first family-based teen dating abuse prevention program to be evaluated. Copyright © 2012 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

In-Situ Dating on Mars: The Potential of OSL Dating

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blair, M. W.; Kalchgruber, R.; Yukihara, E. G.; Bulur, E.; Kim, S. S.; McKeever, W. S.

2004-01-01

More and more evidence is being accumulated that Mars has experienced aeolian, fluvial, and periglacial activity in the (relatively) recent past [1, 2, 3]. However, the temporal scale on which these processes took place is very poorly constrained since crater counting has errors comparable to the age for younger terrains (approx. 1 Ma). Consequently, many researchers have called for methods to establish the climatic and geomorphic history of Mars [4]. Lepper and McKeever [5] suggested developing optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating techniques for in-situ dating of martian sediments. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is closely related to OSL and could easily be incorporated on the same instrument platform [6]. These two methods can aid in developing a geological and climatic history of Mars over the last approx. one million years. Since the initial investigations, work has been carried out to develop OSL instrumentation and dating procedures that are suitable to the unique challenges of the martian environment. In this paper, we highlight the advances made in this project, focusing on OSL dating principles, assumptions, and procedures.

Facility design, construction, and operation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

France has been disposing of low-level radioactive waste (LLW) at the Centre de Stockage de la Manche (CSM) since 1969 and now at the Centre de Stockage de l`Aube (CSA) since 1992. In France, several agencies and companies are involved in the development and implementation of LLW technology. The Commissariat a l`Energie Atomic (CEA), is responsible for research and development of new technologies. The Agence National pour la Gestion des Dechets Radioactifs is the agency responsible for the construction and operation of disposal facilities and for wastes acceptance for these facilities. Compagnie Generale des Matieres Nucleaires provides fuel services, includingmore » uranium enrichment, fuel fabrication, and fuel reprocessing, and is thus one generator of LLW. Societe pour les Techniques Nouvelles is an engineering company responsible for commercializing CEA waste management technology and for engineering and design support for the facilities. Numatec, Inc. is a US company representing these French companies and agencies in the US. In Task 1.1 of Numatec`s contract with Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Numatec provides details on the design, construction and operation of the LLW disposal facilities at CSM and CSA. Lessons learned from operation of CSM and incorporated into the design, construction and operating procedures at CSA are identified and discussed. The process used by the French for identification, selection, and evaluation of disposal technologies is provided. Specifically, the decisionmaking process resulting in the change in disposal facility design for the CSA versus the CSM is discussed. This report provides` all of the basic information in these areas and reflects actual experience to date.« less

The detection of formaldehyde using microelectromechanical acoustic resonator with multiwalled carbon nanotubes-polyethyleneimine composite coating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jingjing; Zhan, Da; Wang, Ke; Hang, Weiwei

2018-01-01

A micro-scale gas sensor based on mass-sensitive film bulk acoustic resonator is demonstrated for the detection of trace formaldehyde at room temperature. The composites mixed with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and polyethyleneimine (MWNTs-PEI) were coated on the resonator surface as the sensitive layer to specifically absorb formaldehyde molecules using a facile spray process. The influence of spraying processes on the formaldehyde sensing properties were investigated. Different response behaviors were determined by both the chemical absorption between formaldehyde molecules and the amine functional groups on PEI and the increase of absorption surface came from the nanostructure. The combination of high frequency of the film bulk acoustic resonator (~4.3 GHz) and the specific absorbability of MWNTs-PEI composites provided a high sensitivity in the detections of trace formaldehyde. The obtained ultra-low limit of detection was as low as 60 ppb with linear response, quick response/recovery time, good reproducibility and selectivity. The proposed sensor shows potential as a portable and convenient gas-sensing system for monitoring the low-level concentration of indoor air pollution.

Antimicrobial membrane surfaces via efficient polyethyleneimine immobilization and cationization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qiu, Wen-Ze; Zhao, Zi-Shu; Du, Yong; Hu, Meng-Xin; Xu, Zhi-Kang

2017-12-01

Biofouling control is a major task in membrane separation processes for water treatment and biomedical applications. In this work, N-alkylated polyethylenimine (PEI) is facilely and efficiently introduced onto the membrane surfaces via the co-deposition of catechol (CCh) and PEI, followed by further grafting of PEIs (600 Da, 70 kDa and 750 kDa) and cationization with methyl iodide (CH3I). The physical and chemical properties of the constructed membrane surfaces are characterized with scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, zeta potential and water contact angle measurements. Antibacterial assay reveals that the optimized membrane surfaces possess around 95% antibacterial efficiency against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with weak adhesion of bacteria cells after 24 h of bacterial contact. Additionally, the membrane surfaces also exhibit much enhanced antifouling property during the filtration of opposite charged bovine serum albumin (BSA). These results demonstrate a useful strategy for the surface modification of separation membranes by a kind of antimicrobial and antifouling coating.

Grafting polyethylenimine with quinoline derivatives for targeted imaging of intracellular Zn(2+) and logic gate operations.

PubMed

Pan, Yi; Shi, Yupeng; Chen, Junying; Wong, Chap-Mo; Zhang, Heng; Li, Mei-Jin; Li, Cheuk-Wing; Yi, Changqing

2016-12-01

In this study, a highly sensitive and selective fluorescent Zn(2+) probe which exhibited excellent biocompatibility, water solubility, and cell-membrane permeability, was facilely synthesized in a single step by grafting polyethyleneimine (PEI) with quinoline derivatives. The primary amino groups in the branched PEI can increase water solubility and cell permeability of the probe PEIQ, while quinoline derivatives can specifically recognize Zn(2+) and reduce the potential cytotoxicity of PEI. Basing on fluorescence off-on mechanism, PEIQ demonstrated excellent sensing capability towards Zn(2+) in absolute aqueous solution, where a high sensitivity with a detection limit as low as 38.1nM, and a high selectivity over competing metal ions and potential interfering amino acids, were achieved. Inspired by these results, elementary logic operations (YES, NOT and INHIBIT) have been constructed by employing PEIQ as the gate while Zn(2+) and EDTA as chemical inputs. Together with the low cytotoxicity and good cell-permeability, the practical application of PEIQ in living cell imaging was satisfactorily demonstrated, emphasizing its wide application in fundamental biology research. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Crosslinked self-assemblies of lipoid acid-substituted low molecular weight (1800 Da) polyethylenimine as reductive-sensitive non-viral gene vectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Xiaojiao; Yuan, Zhefan; Yi, Xiaoqing; Zhuo, Renxi; Li, Feng

2012-10-01

In this study, amphiphilic polyethylenimine-graft-thioctic acid (PEI-TA) and polyethylenimine-graft-lauric acid (PEI-LA) were synthesized. Both PEI-TA and PEI-LA could self-assemble into micelles. Due to the existence of disulfide-linked rings at the end of hydrophobic moieties, PEI-TA could form stable micelles with disulfide crosslinked cores (PEI-TA-SS). In comparison with the PEI-LA micelle, PEI-TA-SS possessed higher DNA binding ability according to the gel retardation assay and heparin replacement assay. In vitro transfection experiments indicated that PEI-TA-SS showed comparably high transfection efficiency as compared to 25 kDa PEI. More interestingly, the luciferase expression of PEI-TA-SS was superior to that of PEI-LA at low N/P ratio, which might be ascribed to the stronger binding capacity of PEI-TA-SS facilitating the entering of PEI-TA-SS/pDNA complexes into cells.

Dating Violence among College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Iconis, Rosemary

2013-01-01

Dating violence is a significant problem on college campuses. More than one-fifth of the undergraduate dating population are physically abused by their dating partners and an even greater percentage are psychologically abused. Researchers have identified risk factors for college student dating violence. Preventive interventions are strongly…

7 CFR 987.5 - Dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Dates. 987.5 Section 987.5 Agriculture Regulations of... Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC DATES PRODUCED OR PACKED IN RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Order Regulating Handling Definitions § 987.5 Dates. Dates means the Deglet...

7 CFR 987.5 - Dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Dates. 987.5 Section 987.5 Agriculture Regulations of... Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC DATES PRODUCED OR PACKED IN RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Order Regulating Handling Definitions § 987.5 Dates. Dates means the Deglet...

110. ARAI support facilities. Index of drawings related to initial ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

110. ARA-I support facilities. Index of drawings related to initial construction of hot cell building ARA-626, shop and maintenance building ARA-627, and other buildings at ARA-I. Date: Circa January 1959. Norman Engineering Company. Ineel index code no. 068-9999-80-613-102703. - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Army Reactors Experimental Area, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Date Palm Germplasm

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This book chapter reviews date palm genetic resources and their conservation. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is an important food crop in the Middle East and North Africa. Its center of origin and diversity most probably is the area near Iraq/Iran. From there, it spread throughout its present range...

Space: The Final Frontier in the Learning of Science?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Milne, Catherine

2014-01-01

In "Space", relations, and the learning of science", Wolff-Michael Roth and Pei-Ling Hsu use ethnomethodology to explore high school interns learning shopwork and shoptalk in a research lab that is located in a world class facility for water quality analysis. Using interaction analysis they identify how spaces, like a research…

31 CFR 536.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 536.302 Section 536... Definitions § 536.302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable... of specially designated narcotics traffickers designated after that date, the earlier of the date on...

31 CFR 595.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 595.302 Section 595... § 595.302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable... of specially designated terrorists designated after that date, the earlier of the date on which a...

17 CFR 248.128 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... on Affiliate Marketing § 248.128 Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. (a... this subpart do not prohibit you from using eligibility information that you receive from an affiliate to make a marketing solicitation to a consumer if you receive such information prior to January 1...

12 CFR 717.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. 717.28 Section 717.28 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION... eligibility information when such information is placed into a common database and is accessible by you. ...

12 CFR 717.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. 717.28 Section 717.28 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION... eligibility information when such information is placed into a common database and is accessible by you. ...

12 CFR 717.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. 717.28 Section 717.28 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION... eligibility information when such information is placed into a common database and is accessible by you. ...

12 CFR 717.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. 717.28 Section 717.28 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION... eligibility information when such information is placed into a common database and is accessible by you. ...

12 CFR 717.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. 717.28 Section 717.28 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION... eligibility information when such information is placed into a common database and is accessible by you. ...

17 CFR 248.128 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Affiliate Marketing § 248.128 Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. (a) Effective... subpart do not prohibit you from using eligibility information that you receive from an affiliate to make a marketing solicitation to a consumer if you receive such information prior to January 1, 2010. For...

17 CFR 248.128 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Affiliate Marketing § 248.128 Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. (a) Effective... subpart do not prohibit you from using eligibility information that you receive from an affiliate to make a marketing solicitation to a consumer if you receive such information prior to January 1, 2010. For...

17 CFR 248.128 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Affiliate Marketing § 248.128 Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. (a) Effective... subpart do not prohibit you from using eligibility information that you receive from an affiliate to make a marketing solicitation to a consumer if you receive such information prior to January 1, 2010. For...

117. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

117. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer building no. 102, "building sections - sheet I" - architectural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-04, sheet 12, dated 23 January, 1961. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK

122. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

122. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer building no. 102, section II "elevations & details" - structural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-04, sheet 73, dated 23 January, 1961. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK

120. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

120. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer building no. 102, section II "foundation & first floor plan" - structural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-04, sheet 65, dated 23 January, 1961. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK

118. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

118. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer building no. 102, "building sections - sheet I" - architectural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-04, sheet 13, dated 23 January, 1961. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK

119. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

119. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer building no. 102, section I "tower plan, sections & details" - structural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-04, sheet 62, dated 23 January, 1961. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK

121. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

121. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer building no. 102, section II "sections & elevations" - structural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-04, sheet 72, dated 23 January, 1961. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK

Integrated Payment and Delivery Models Offer Opportunities and Challenges for Residential Care Facilities

PubMed Central

Grabowski, David C.; Caudry, Daryl J.; Dean, Katie M.; Stevenson, David G.

2016-01-01

Under health care reform, a series of new financing and delivery models are being piloted to integrate health and long-term care services for older adults. To date, these programs have not encompassed residential care facilities, with most programs focusing on long-term care recipients in the community or the nursing home. Our analyses indicate that individuals living in residential care facilities have similarly high rates of chronic illness and Medicare utilization when compared with similar populations in the community and nursing home. These results suggest the residential care facility population could benefit greatly from models that coordinate health and long-term care. However, few providers have invested in integrated delivery models. Several challenges exist toward greater integration including the private payment of residential care facility services and the fact that residential care facilities do not share in any Medicare savings due to improved coordination of care. PMID:26438740

YALINA facility a sub-critical Accelerator- Driven System (ADS) for nuclear energy research facility description and an overview of the research program (1997-2008).

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gohar, Y.; Smith, D. L.; Nuclear Engineering Division

2010-04-28

The YALINA facility is a zero-power, sub-critical assembly driven by a conventional neutron generator. It was conceived, constructed, and put into operation at the Radiation Physics and Chemistry Problems Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus located in Minsk-Sosny, Belarus. This facility was conceived for the purpose of investigating the static and dynamic neutronics properties of accelerator driven sub-critical systems, and to serve as a neutron source for investigating the properties of nuclear reactions, in particular transmutation reactions involving minor-actinide nuclei. This report provides a detailed description of this facility and documents the progress of research carried outmore » there during a period of approximately a decade since the facility was conceived and built until the end of 2008. During its history of development and operation to date (1997-2008), the YALINA facility has hosted several foreign groups that worked with the resident staff as collaborators. The participation of Argonne National Laboratory in the YALINA research programs commenced in 2005. For obvious reasons, special emphasis is placed in this report on the work at YALINA facility that has involved Argonne's participation. Attention is given here to the experimental program at YALINA facility as well as to analytical investigations aimed at validating codes and computational procedures and at providing a better understanding of the physics and operational behavior of the YALINA facility in particular, and ADS systems in general, during the period 1997-2008.« less

Conceptual design for the Space Station Freedom fluid physics/dynamics facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thompson, Robert L.; Chucksa, Ronald J.; Omalley, Terence F.; Oeftering, Richard C.

1993-01-01

A study team at NASA's Lewis Research Center has been working on a definition study and conceptual design for a fluid physics and dynamics science facility that will be located in the Space Station Freedom's baseline U.S. Laboratory module. This modular, user-friendly facility, called the Fluid Physics/Dynamics Facility, will be available for use by industry, academic, and government research communities in the late 1990's. The Facility will support research experiments dealing with the study of fluid physics and dynamics phenomena. Because of the lack of gravity-induced convection, research into the mechanisms of fluids in the absence of gravity will help to provide a better understanding of the fundamentals of fluid processes. This document has been prepared as a final version of the handout for reviewers at the Fluid Physics/Dynamics Facility Assessment Workshop held at Lewis on January 24 and 25, 1990. It covers the background, current status, and future activities of the Lewis Project Study Team effort. It is a revised and updated version of a document entitled 'Status Report on the Conceptual Design for the Space Station Fluid Physics/Dynamics Facility', dated January 1990.

Topology, divergence dates, and macroevolutionary inferences vary between different tip-dating approaches applied to fossil theropods (Dinosauria).

PubMed

Bapst, D W; Wright, A M; Matzke, N J; Lloyd, G T

2016-07-01

Dated phylogenies of fossil taxa allow palaeobiologists to estimate the timing of major divergences and placement of extinct lineages, and to test macroevolutionary hypotheses. Recently developed Bayesian 'tip-dating' methods simultaneously infer and date the branching relationships among fossil taxa, and infer putative ancestral relationships. Using a previously published dataset for extinct theropod dinosaurs, we contrast the dated relationships inferred by several tip-dating approaches and evaluate potential downstream effects on phylogenetic comparative methods. We also compare tip-dating analyses to maximum-parsimony trees time-scaled via alternative a posteriori approaches including via the probabilistic cal3 method. Among tip-dating analyses, we find opposing but strongly supported relationships, despite similarity in inferred ancestors. Overall, tip-dating methods infer divergence dates often millions (or tens of millions) of years older than the earliest stratigraphic appearance of that clade. Model-comparison analyses of the pattern of body-size evolution found that the support for evolutionary mode can vary across and between tree samples from cal3 and tip-dating approaches. These differences suggest that model and software choice in dating analyses can have a substantial impact on the dated phylogenies obtained and broader evolutionary inferences. © 2016 The Author(s).

Building Pressure: Modeling the Fiscal Future of California K-12 School Facilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jain, Liz S.; Vincent, Jefrey M.

2016-01-01

Public school districts across California, particularly those in low-wealth areas, experience significant funding shortfalls for their facilities. Industry benchmarks suggest the state's K-12 school districts should spend nearly $18 billion a year to maintain their inventory, ensure buildings are up-to-date, and to build new spaces to handle…

31 CFR 551.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 551.302 Section 551....302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable... the date of actual or constructive notice that such person's property and interests in property are...

31 CFR 548.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 548.302 Section 548....302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable... pursuant to § 548.201(a), the earlier of the date of actual or constructive notice that such person's...

7 CFR 1493.250 - Final application and issuance of a facility payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP) Operations § 1493.250 Final application and issuance of a... commitment may, within six months of the date of such letter, submit a final application to CCC for a...

7 CFR 1493.250 - Final application and issuance of a facility payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP) Operations § 1493.250 Final application and issuance of a... commitment may, within six months of the date of such letter, submit a final application to CCC for a...

7 CFR 1493.250 - Final application and issuance of a facility payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP) Operations § 1493.250 Final application and issuance of a... commitment may, within six months of the date of such letter, submit a final application to CCC for a...

31 CFR 541.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 541.302 Section 541... § 541.302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable....201(a)(2), the earlier of the date on which either actual notice or constructive notice is received of...

21 CFR 1312.25 - Expiration date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Expiration date. 1312.25 Section 1312.25 Food and... SUBSTANCES Exportation of Controlled Substances § 1312.25 Expiration date. An export permit shall not be valid after the date specified therein, which date shall conform to the expiration date specified in the...

31 CFR 537.303 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 537.303 Section 537....303 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable... property of persons designated pursuant to § 537.201(a)(2), the earlier of the date on which either actual...

21 CFR 1312.25 - Expiration date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Expiration date. 1312.25 Section 1312.25 Food and... SUBSTANCES Exportation of Controlled Substances § 1312.25 Expiration date. An export permit shall not be valid after the date specified therein, which date shall conform to the expiration date specified in the...

31 CFR 594.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 594.302 Section 594... Definitions § 594.302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable... to § 594.201(a)(2), (a)(3), or (a)(4), the earlier of the date on which is received actual or...

31 CFR 576.303 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 576.303 Section 576... General Definitions § 576.303 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the... blocked pursuant to § 576.201(a)(2) or (a)(3), the earlier of the date of actual or constructive notice...

31 CFR 543.303 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 543.303 Section 543... Definitions § 543.303 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable... § 543.201(a)(2), the earlier of the date of actual or constructive notice of such person's designation. ...

31 CFR 588.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 588.302 Section 588... Definitions § 588.302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable... are blocked pursuant to § 588.201(a)(2), the earlier of the date of actual or constructive notice that...

26 CFR 1.9001-3 - Basis adjustments for taxable years between changeover date and 1956 adjustment date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... changeover date and 1956 adjustment date. 1.9001-3 Section 1.9001-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE....9001-3 Basis adjustments for taxable years between changeover date and 1956 adjustment date. (a) In... before the taxpayer's 1956 adjustment date. This adjusted basis shall be used for all purposes of the...

Violence in Adolescent Dating Relationships

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jouriles, Ernest N.; Platt, Cora; McDonald, Renee

2009-01-01

Beginning with a definition of dating and dating violence among adolescents, this article explores the factors which impact such violence. It concludes with a review of two school-based prevention/intervention programs (Safe Dates and The Youth Relationships Project). (Contains 1 table.)

Stability of embossed PEI-(PSS-PDADMAC) 20 multilayer films versus storage time and versus a change in ionic strength

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ladhari, Nadia; Hemmerlé, Joseph; Haikel, Youssef; Voegel, Jean-Claude; Schaaf, Pierre; Ball, Vincent

2008-12-01

The use of microstructured films increased markedly in many areas of science and technology, notably in the design of microfluidic channels and in the design of parallel biosensing arrays. The concept of imprinting polyelectrolyte multilayer films (PEMs) has been introduced recently [C. Gao, B. Wang, J. Feng, J. Shen, Macromolecules 37 (2004) 8836]. These irreversibly imprinted films, obtained by plastic deformation, have to keep their size and shape after contact with fluids having physicochemical properties comparable to those of biological fluids in order to be used as microfluidic channels. We demonstrate herein that PEI-(PSS-PDADMAC) 20 PEMs built-up by the spray deposition from NaCl 1 M solutions and subsequently imprinted with polydimethylsiloxane stamps keep their morphology over time (up to 9 months) when stored in the dry state. In addition the depth of the imprinted channels does not change over this time duration. When the embossed films are immersed in NaCl 0.15 M solutions, mimicking biological fluids, the depth of the imprinted channels also does not significantly change. But, when the imprinted films prepared in the presence of 1 M NaCl are subsequently dipped in a 4 M NaCl solution, partial film loss and subsequent disappearance of the imprinted channels are observed. An explanation for these findings is furnished by means of FTIR spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode (ATR-FTIR). These observations should offer large opportunities for the use of the imprinted multilayer films as microfluidic channels.

Radiocarbon Dating, Memories, and Hopes

DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

Libby, W. F.

1972-10-01

The history of radiocarbon dating from 1939 to the present is reviewed. The basic principles of radiocarbon dating are that cosmic rays make living things radioactive with {sup 14}C to a certain level fixed by the environment and that at death the intake of food stops so no replenishment of the {sup 14}C steadily lost by the immutable decay occurs. Therefore measurement of the degree of decay gives the time lapse since death, i.e., the radiocarbon age. The equipment developed and experiments performed to measure the specific activity of specimens to be dated are described. The results obtained by world-wide experimenters are discussed. These showed that on simultaneity radiocarbon dating is apparently reliable but that absolute dates may be incorrect by as much as 600 to 700 y. The value of radiocarbon dating to archaeologists, geologists, climatologists, and historians is stressed. (LCL)

Sport and Social Inclusion: Evidence from the Performance of Public Leisure Facilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Yi-De

2009-01-01

In the UK, sport is increasingly recognized as a means for promoting social inclusion. However, evaluation, to date, is limited with regard to the achievement of social inclusion through sport. Based on the database of Sport England's National Benchmarking Service, this paper aims to investigate the extent to which public leisure facilities were…

Enhancing Dating Attitudes through Peer Education as a Date Rape Prevention Strategy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holcomb, Derek R.; Seehafer, Roger W.

1995-01-01

Presents program development and peer education training considerations for programs that attempt to influence healthy attitudes toward dating and preventing date rape. The paper discusses the program's theoretical foundations, goal determination, mixed-gender programs, themes students raise during programs, the consensual sex scenario as a…

Plutonium age dating reloaded

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sturm, Monika; Richter, Stephan; Aregbe, Yetunde; Wellum, Roger; Mayer, Klaus; Prohaska, Thomas

2014-05-01

Although the age determination of plutonium is and has been a pillar of nuclear forensic investigations for many years, additional research in the field of plutonium age dating is still needed and leads to new insights as the present work shows: Plutonium is commonly dated with the help of the 241Pu/241Am chronometer using gamma spectrometry; in fewer cases the 240Pu/236U chronometer has been used. The age dating results of the 239Pu/235U chronometer and the 238Pu/234U chronometer are scarcely applied in addition to the 240Pu/236U chronometer, although their results can be obtained simultaneously from the same mass spectrometric experiments as the age dating result of latter. The reliability of the result can be tested when the results of different chronometers are compared. The 242Pu/238U chronometer is normally not evaluated at all due to its sensitivity to contamination with natural uranium. This apparent 'weakness' that renders the age dating results of the 242Pu/238U chronometer almost useless for nuclear forensic investigations, however turns out to be an advantage looked at from another perspective: the 242Pu/238U chronometer can be utilized as an indicator for uranium contamination of plutonium samples and even help to identify the nature of this contamination. To illustrate this the age dating results of all four Pu/U clocks mentioned above are discussed for one plutonium sample (NBS 946) that shows no signs of uranium contamination and for three additional plutonium samples. In case the 242Pu/238U chronometer results in an older 'age' than the other Pu/U chronometers, contamination with either a small amount of enriched or with natural or depleted uranium is for example possible. If the age dating result of the 239Pu/235U chronometer is also influenced the nature of the contamination can be identified; enriched uranium is in this latter case a likely cause for the missmatch of the age dating results of the Pu/U chronometers.

Sex Role and Dating Orientation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCabe, M. P.; Collins, J. K.

1979-01-01

Male and female subjects from three age groups completed questionnaires on sex roles and dating orientations. Males approached dating from both a psychoaffectional and psychobiological orientation, while females approached it from a psychoaffectional orientation. Significant differences were found in dating attitudes between male and female…

Delivery of small interfering RNAs in human cervical cancer cells by polyethylenimine-functionalized carbon nanotubes

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Carbon nanotubes are capable of penetrating the cell membrane and are widely considered as potential carriers for gene or drug delivery. Because the C-C and C=C bonds in carbon nanotubes are nonpolar, functionalization is required for carbon nanotubes to interact with genes or drugs as well as to improve their biocompatibility. In this study, polyethylenimine (PEI)-functionalized single-wall (PEI-NH-SWNTs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (PEI-NH-MWNTs) were produced by direct amination method. PEI functionalization increased the positive charge on the surface of SWNTs and MWNTs, allowing carbon nanotubes to interact electrostatically with the negatively charged small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and to serve as nonviral gene delivery reagents. PEI-NH-MWNTs and PEI-NH-SWNTs had a better solubility in water than pristine carbon nanotubes, and further removal of large aggregates by centrifugation produced a stable suspension of reduced particle size and improved homogeneity and dispersity. The amount of grafted PEI estimated by thermogravimetric analysis was 5.08% (w/w) and 5.28% (w/w) for PEI-NH-SWNTs and PEI-NH-MWNTs, respectively. For the assessment of cytotoxicity, various concentrations of PEI-NH-SWNTs and PEI-NH-MWNTs were incubated with human cervical cancer cells, HeLa-S3, for 48 h. PEI-NH-SWNTs and PEI-NH-MWNTs induced cell deaths in a dose-dependent manner but were less cytotoxic compared to pure PEI. As determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, siRNAs directed against glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (siGAPDH) were completely associated with PEI-NH-SWNTs or PEI-NH-MWNTs at a PEI-NH-SWNT/siGAPDH or PEI-NH-MWNT/siGAPDH mass ratio of 80:1 or 160:1, respectively. Furthermore, PEI-NH-SWNTs and PEI-NH-MWNTs successfully delivered siGAPDH into HeLa-S3 cells at PEI-NH-SWNT/siGAPDH and PEI-NH-MWNT/siGAPDH mass ratios of 1:1 to 20:1, resulting in suppression of the mRNA level of GAPDH to an extent similar to that of DharmaFECT, a common transfection

46 CFR 272.44 - Dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Dates. 272.44 Section 272.44 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING SUBSIDIZED VESSELS AND OPERATORS REQUIREMENTS... Examination, Audit, Review and Appeal Procedures § 272.44 Dates. The dates noted on the letters or...

46 CFR 272.44 - Dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Dates. 272.44 Section 272.44 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING SUBSIDIZED VESSELS AND OPERATORS REQUIREMENTS... Examination, Audit, Review and Appeal Procedures § 272.44 Dates. The dates noted on the letters or...

Direct dating of human fossils.

PubMed

Grün, Rainer

2006-01-01

The methods that can be used for the direct dating of human remains comprise of radiocarbon, U-series, electron spin resonance (ESR), and amino acid racemization (AAR). This review gives an introduction to these methods in the context of dating human bones and teeth. Recent advances in ultrafiltration techniques have expanded the dating range of radiocarbon. It now seems feasible to reliably date bones up to 55,000 years. New developments in laser ablation mass spectrometry permit the in situ analysis of U-series isotopes, thus providing a rapid and virtually non-destructive dating method back to about 300,000 years. This is of particular importance when used in conjunction with non-destructive ESR analysis. New approaches in AAR analysis may lead to a renaissance of this method. The potential and present limitations of these direct dating techniques are discussed for sites relevant to the reconstruction of modern human evolution, including Florisbad, Border Cave, Tabun, Skhul, Qafzeh, Vindija, Banyoles, and Lake Mungo. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Socio-economic characterisation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) growers and date value chains in Pakistan.

PubMed

Fatima, Ghayoor; Khan, Iqrar Ahmad; Buerkert, Andreas

2016-01-01

Increasing food production to feed its rapidly growing population is a major policy goal of Pakistan. The production of traditional staples such as rice (Oryza sativa L.) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been intensified in many regions, but not in remote, drought-ridden areas. In these arid, marginal environments dates and their by-products are an option to complement staples given their high nutritive value and storability. To fill knowledge gaps about the role of date palm in the household (HH) income of rural communities and the structure of date value chains, this project studied date palm production across six districts in four provinces of Pakistan. During 2012-2013 a total of 170 HHs were interviewed with a structured questionnaire using a snowball sampling approach. The results showed that most of the HH were headed by males (99 %) who were married (74 %) and often illiterate (40 %). Agriculture was the main occupation of date palm growers (56 %), while a few coupled agricultural activities with business (17 %) or extra-farm employment opportunities (government 9 %; private sector 8 %). Date sales contributed >50 % to the total income of 39 % of HH and 90-100 % to 24 % of HH. Overall farmers grew a total of 39 date palm cultivars and cultivated an average of 409 ± 559 mature date palms. The majority of the respondents sold dates to commission agents (35 %), contractors (22 %) and wholesalers (21 %), while 28 % of HH cultivated date palms only for self-consumption. Date palm growers had only limited knowledge about high quality date cultivars, optimized farm management and about effective post-harvest conservation. Changes in extension and marketing efforts are needed to allow farmers to better exploit value chains in date thereby reaping higher benefits from improved market access to secure their often marginal income.

Witnessing Interparental Violence and Acceptance of Dating Violence as Predictors for Teen Dating Violence Victimization.

PubMed

Karlsson, Marie E; Temple, Jeff R; Weston, Rebecca; Le, Vi Donna

2016-04-01

We examined the association between witnessing interparental violence, attitudes about dating violence, and physical and psychological teen dating violence (TDV) victimization. Participants were 918 teens with dating experience. Witnessing interparental violence and acceptance of dating violence were significant predictors of TDV victimization. Acceptance of dating violence was also a partial mediator between witnessing interparental violence and TDV victimization. Witnessing mother-to-father violence and acceptance of female-perpetrated violence were the most consistent predictors. TDV programs aiming to prevent victimization could benefit from targeting youth exposed to father-to-mother and mother-to-father violence, targeting attitudes about violence, and tailoring interventions to gender-specific risk factors. © The Author(s) 2015.

7 CFR 1000.90 - Dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Dates. 1000.90 Section 1000.90 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and... Miscellaneous Provisions § 1000.90 Dates. If a date required for a payment contained in a Federal milk order...

7 CFR 1000.90 - Dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Dates. 1000.90 Section 1000.90 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and... Miscellaneous Provisions § 1000.90 Dates. If a date required for a payment contained in a Federal milk order...

NENIMF: Northeast National Ion Microprobe Facility - A Multi-User Facility for SIMS Microanalysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Layne, G. D.; Shimizu, N.

2002-12-01

have included development of high precision 232Th/230Th for U-series disequilibrium studies of young volcanic rocks, and the implementation and refinement of U-Th-Pb dating of individual monazite crystals. The facility is also developing an expanding number of applications in the general field of biogeochemistry. Examples include; δ18O in biogenic carbonates for climate and paleotemperature studies, determination of δ13C in graphite microfossils for early life studies, and determination of δ13C and trace metal concentrations in bacterial cultures in support of studies of natural microbial ecosystems. The IMS 3f instrument - now in its 25th year of operation - continues to be a productive resource for trace element and rare earth element determinations in natural and experimental materials. It has also become an important component of ongoing research in the derivation of paleotemperatures from marine biomineralization using trace element ratios of biogenic aragonite.

78 FR 21962 - Federal Property Suitable as Facilities To Assist the Homeless

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-12

...-1264 Directions: two buildings, an office & garage/storage facility; totaling approx. 4,320 sf. Comments: 12 months vacant; good conditions [FR Doc. 2013-08242 Filed 4-11-13; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4210... homeless use for a period of 60 days from the date of this Notice. Where property is described as for ``off...

Double the dates and go for Bayes - Impacts of model choice, dating density and quality on chronologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blaauw, Maarten; Christen, J. Andrés; Bennett, K. D.; Reimer, Paula J.

2018-05-01

Reliable chronologies are essential for most Quaternary studies, but little is known about how age-depth model choice, as well as dating density and quality, affect the precision and accuracy of chronologies. A meta-analysis suggests that most existing late-Quaternary studies contain fewer than one date per millennium, and provide millennial-scale precision at best. We use existing and simulated sediment cores to estimate what dating density and quality are required to obtain accurate chronologies at a desired precision. For many sites, a doubling in dating density would significantly improve chronologies and thus their value for reconstructing and interpreting past environmental changes. Commonly used classical age-depth models stop becoming more precise after a minimum dating density is reached, but the precision of Bayesian age-depth models which take advantage of chronological ordering continues to improve with more dates. Our simulations show that classical age-depth models severely underestimate uncertainty and are inaccurate at low dating densities, and also perform poorly at high dating densities. On the other hand, Bayesian age-depth models provide more realistic precision estimates, including at low to average dating densities, and are much more robust against dating scatter and outliers. Indeed, Bayesian age-depth models outperform classical ones at all tested dating densities, qualities and time-scales. We recommend that chronologies should be produced using Bayesian age-depth models taking into account chronological ordering and based on a minimum of 2 dates per millennium.

Medicaid program; modification of the Medicaid upper payment limit transition period for inpatient hospital services, outpatient hospital services, nursing facility services, intermediate care facility services for the mentally retarded, and clinic services. Final rule.

PubMed

2001-09-05

This final rule modifies the Medicaid upper payment (UPL) limit provisions by establishing a new transition period for States that submitted plan amendments before March 13, 2001 that do not comply with the new UPLs effective on that date (but do comply with the prior UPLs) and were approved on or after January 22, 2001. This new transition period applies to payments for inpatient hospital services, outpatient hospital services, nursing facility services, intermediate care facility services for the mentally retarded, and clinic services.

The scientific dating of standing buildings.

PubMed

Alcock, Nathaniel W

2017-11-17

The techniques of dendrochronology (tree-ring dating) and radiocarbon (14C) dating are described, as they are applied to historic buildings. Both rely on determining the felling dates of the trees used in their construction. For dendrochronology, the construction of master chronologies and the matching of individual ring-width sequences to them is described and, for radiocarbon dating, the use of tree-ring results in calibration. Results of dating are discussed, ranging from the cathedrals of Peterborough and Beauvais and the development of crown-post roof structures, to the dating and identification of standing medieval peasant houses, particularly those built using cruck construction.

38 CFR 21.9635 - Discontinuance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... effective the last date of attendance; and (ii) Independent study or distance learning effective on the... learning, VA will terminate educational assistance effective the date the last lesson was serviced... Discontinuance dates. The effective date of a reduction or discontinuance of educational assistance will be as...

Peer involvement in adolescent dating violence.

PubMed

Stephenson, Pam S; Martsolf, Donna; Draucker, Claire Burke

2013-06-01

This study investigated the ways in which peers are involved in adolescent dating violence. Eighty-eight young adults aged 18-21 were interviewed and asked to reflect on aggressive dating relationships they experienced as teens. The researchers used grounded theory to analyze the data. Findings showed that male and female peers were involved in adolescent dating violence in unique ways. Male peers were involved in dating violence by participating in the aggression, agitating the aggression, being the competition, trivializing the aggression, and keeping tabs on the recipient. Female peers were involved in dating violence by deserting the recipient, cheating with the boyfriend, being the audience, needling the male dating partner, and helping the recipient. Male and female peers were involved similarly in adolescent dating violence by confronting the partner. School nurses working with adolescents are uniquely positioned to approach adolescents about dating violence. Interventions aimed at promoting discussions with adolescents are discussed.

Antimicrobial polyethyleneimine-silver nanoparticles in a stable colloidal dispersion.

PubMed

Lee, Hyun Ju; Lee, Se Guen; Oh, Eun Jung; Chung, Ho Yun; Han, Sang Ik; Kim, Eun Jung; Seo, Song Yi; Ghim, Han Do; Yeum, Jeong Hyun; Choi, Jin Hyun

2011-11-01

Excellent colloidal stability and antimicrobial activity are important parameters for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a range of biomedical applications. In this study, polyethyleneimine (PEI)-capped silver nanoparticles (PEI-AgNPs) were synthesized in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH(4)) and PEI at room temperature. The PEI-AgNPs had a positive zeta potential of approximately +49 mV, and formed a stable nanocolloid against agglomeration due to electrostatic repulsion. The particle size and hydrodynamic cluster size showed significant correlations with the amount of PEI and NaBH(4). PEI-AgNPs and even PEI showed excellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The cytotoxic effects of PEI and PEI-AgNPs were confirmed by an evaluation of the cell viability. The results suggest that the amount of PEI should be minimized to the level that maintains the stability of PEI-AgNPs in a colloidal dispersion. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

31 CFR 598.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Effective date. 598.302 Section 598.302 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... Definitions § 598.302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable...

31 CFR 598.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 598.302 Section 598.302 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... Definitions § 598.302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable...

31 CFR 598.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effective date. 598.302 Section 598.302 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... Definitions § 598.302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable...

31 CFR 598.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Effective date. 598.302 Section 598.302 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... Definitions § 598.302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable...

31 CFR 598.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Effective date. 598.302 Section 598.302 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... Definitions § 598.302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable...

31 CFR 510.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 510.302 Section 510.302 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... § 510.302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable...

31 CFR 510.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Effective date. 510.302 Section 510.302 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... § 510.302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable...

31 CFR 510.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Effective date. 510.302 Section 510.302 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... § 510.302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable...

31 CFR 540.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 540.302 Section 540.302 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... REGULATIONS General Definitions § 540.302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date...

31 CFR 538.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 538.302 Section 538.302 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... § 538.302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable...

31 CFR 592.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 592.302 Section 592.302 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... § 592.302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the applicable...

31 CFR 596.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 596.302 Section 596.302 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... General Definitions § 596.302 Effective date. The term effective date refers to the effective date of the...

7 CFR 987.45 - Withholding restricted dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... restricted dates. (a) Whenever free and restricted percentages for any variety of dates have been established... having dates of such variety certified for handling as free dates (including those for further processing that are to be handled as free dates), withhold from handling a quantity of marketable dates of such...

78 FR 18353 - Guidance for Industry: Blood Establishment Computer System Validation in the User's Facility...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-26

...; (Formerly FDA-2007D-0393)] Guidance for Industry: Blood Establishment Computer System Validation in the User... Industry: Blood Establishment Computer System Validation in the User's Facility'' dated April 2013. The... document entitled ``Guidance for Industry: Blood Establishment Computer System Validation in the User's...

Radiocarbon Dating the Anthropocene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chaput, M. A.; Gajewski, K. J.

2015-12-01

The Anthropocene has no agreed start date since current suggestions for its beginning range from Pre-Industrial times to the Industrial Revolution, and from the mid-twentieth century to the future. To set the boundary of the Anthropocene in geological time, we must first understand when, how and to what extent humans began altering the Earth system. One aspect of this involves reconstructing the effects of prehistoric human activity on the physical landscape. However, for global reconstructions of land use and land cover change to be more accurately interpreted in the context of human interaction with the landscape, large-scale spatio-temporal demographic changes in prehistoric populations must be known. Estimates of the relative number of prehistoric humans in different regions of the world and at different moments in time are needed. To this end, we analyze a dataset of radiocarbon dates from the Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database (CARD), the Palaeolithic Database of Europe and the AustArch Database of Australia, as well as published dates from South America. This is the first time such a large quantity of dates (approximately 60,000) has been mapped and studied at a global scale. Initial results from the analysis of temporal frequency distributions of calibrated radiocarbon dates, assumed to be proportional to population density, will be discussed. The utility of radiocarbon dates in studies of the Anthropocene will be evaluated and potential links between population density and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, climate, migration patterning and fire frequency coincidence will be considered.

24 CFR 1710.21 - Effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 5 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Effective dates. 1710.21 Section... Effective dates. (a) General. The effective date of an initial, consolidated or amended Statement of Record... developer in writing prior to such 30th day that: (1) The effective date has been suspended in accordance...

40 CFR 469.21 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Compliance dates. 469.21 Section 469....21 Compliance dates. The compliance date for the BAT fluoride limitation is as soon as possible as determined by the permit writer but in no event later than November 8, 1985. The compliance date for PSES for...

40 CFR 469.21 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Compliance dates. 469.21 Section 469....21 Compliance dates. The compliance date for the BAT fluoride limitation is as soon as possible as determined by the permit writer but in no event later than November 8, 1985. The compliance date for PSES for...

31 CFR 539.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 539.302 Section 539... General Definitions § 539.302 Effective date. The term effective date means the “effective date” specified... foreign person. This date is listed after the name of each designated foreign person in appendix I to this...

24 CFR 35.105 - Effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Effective dates. 35.105 Section 35... Requirements and Definitions for All Programs. § 35.105 Effective dates. The effective date for subparts B through R of this part is September 15, 2000, except that the effective date for prohibited methods of...

Partner Characteristics and the Effectiveness of Practice Dating Procedures in the Treatment of Minimal Dating.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perl, Joseph; And Others

A treatment program was instituted to reduce dating anxiety in infrequent daters. A sample of 85 extremely anxious and inhibited college undergraduates of both sexes volunteered for the program. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three practice dating groups and two control groups. In one practice dating group, each non-dater was paired…

Radiometric Dating in Geology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pankhurst, R. J.

1980-01-01

Described are several aspects and methods of quantitatively measuring geologic time using a constant-rate natural process of radioactive decay. Topics include half lives and decay constants, radiogenic growth, potassium-argon dating, rubidium-strontium dating, and the role of geochronology in support of geological exploration. (DS)

Choosing a calving date

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Calving date affects cost and timing of production events. Due to the polyestrous nature of beef females, producers can choose a calving date that fits their production system and geographic region. Any time an entire production system is considered, decision making becomes complex. Any calving syst...

Virtual Facility at Fermilab: Infrastructure and Services Expand to Public Clouds

DOE PAGES

Timm, Steve; Garzoglio, Gabriele; Cooper, Glenn; ...

2016-02-18

In preparation for its new Virtual Facility Project, Fermilab has launched a program of work to determine the requirements for running a computation facility on-site, in public clouds, or a combination of both. This program builds on the work we have done to successfully run experimental workflows of 1000-VM scale both on an on-site private cloud and on Amazon AWS. To do this at scale we deployed dynamically launched and discovered caching services on the cloud. We are now testing the deployment of more complicated services on Amazon AWS using native load balancing and auto scaling features they provide. Themore » Virtual Facility Project will design and develop a facility including infrastructure and services that can live on the site of Fermilab, off-site, or a combination of both. We expect to need this capacity to meet the peak computing requirements in the future. The Virtual Facility is intended to provision resources on the public cloud on behalf of the facility as a whole instead of having each experiment or Virtual Organization do it on their own. We will describe the policy aspects of a distributed Virtual Facility, the requirements, and plans to make a detailed comparison of the relative cost of the public and private clouds. Furthermore, this talk will present the details of the technical mechanisms we have developed to date, and the plans currently taking shape for a Virtual Facility at Fermilab.« less

Virtual Facility at Fermilab: Infrastructure and Services Expand to Public Clouds

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Timm, Steve; Garzoglio, Gabriele; Cooper, Glenn

In preparation for its new Virtual Facility Project, Fermilab has launched a program of work to determine the requirements for running a computation facility on-site, in public clouds, or a combination of both. This program builds on the work we have done to successfully run experimental workflows of 1000-VM scale both on an on-site private cloud and on Amazon AWS. To do this at scale we deployed dynamically launched and discovered caching services on the cloud. We are now testing the deployment of more complicated services on Amazon AWS using native load balancing and auto scaling features they provide. Themore » Virtual Facility Project will design and develop a facility including infrastructure and services that can live on the site of Fermilab, off-site, or a combination of both. We expect to need this capacity to meet the peak computing requirements in the future. The Virtual Facility is intended to provision resources on the public cloud on behalf of the facility as a whole instead of having each experiment or Virtual Organization do it on their own. We will describe the policy aspects of a distributed Virtual Facility, the requirements, and plans to make a detailed comparison of the relative cost of the public and private clouds. Furthermore, this talk will present the details of the technical mechanisms we have developed to date, and the plans currently taking shape for a Virtual Facility at Fermilab.« less

31 CFR 542.302 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 542.302 Section 542....302 Effective date. With respect to a person whose property or interests in property are blocked pursuant to a designation under § 542.201(a), the effective date is the earlier of the date on which either...

31 CFR 560.301 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 560.301 Section 560... § 560.301 Effective date. The effective date of the prohibitions and directives contained in subpart B of this part is 12:01 a.m., Eastern Daylight Time, August 20, 1997. For the effective date of pre...

18 CFR 11.7 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Effective date. 11.7... Dams § 11.7 Effective date. All annual charges imposed under this subpart will be computed beginning on the effective date of the license unless some other date is fixed in the license. [51 FR 24318, July 3...

ARM Operations and Engineering Procedure Mobile Facility Site Startup

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Voyles, Jimmy W

2015-05-01

This procedure exists to define the key milestones, necessary steps, and process rules required to commission and operate an Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF), with a specific focus toward on-time product delivery to the ARM Data Archive. The overall objective is to have the physical infrastructure, networking and communications, and instrument calibration, grooming, and alignment (CG&A) completed with data products available from the ARM Data Archive by the Operational Start Date milestone.

Conformation and activity alteration of horseradish peroxidase induced by the interaction with gene carrier polyethyleneimines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Aimin; Wei, Bangzhi; Mo, Junyong; Wang, Yajing; Ma, Lin

2018-01-01

Polyethyleneimine (PEI) has long been considered as "golden standard" for polymeric gene delivery carriers. However the molecular basis of the cytotoxicity of PEI is poorly understood. Little is known about the effects of PEI on the structure and functions of biomacromolecules. In this work, fluorescence, UV-vis absorption, circular dichroism spectroscopy were conducted to investigate the influence of PEI of average molecular weight 25, 10 and 1.8 kDa (denoted as PEI25k, PEI10k and PEI1.8k) on the conformation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and its catalytic efficiency. Zeta-potential measurement and isothermal titration calorimetry were used to reveal the mechanism of the interaction between PEIs and HRP. PEIs were found to bind onto the surface of HRP predominantly via hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond or van der Waals interaction. The complex formation between HRP and PEI induced a more compact conformation of the enzyme and an increased hydrophobicity of the microenvironment surrounding heme pocket. The conformational change of HRP had little impact on the affinity towards H2O2 and phenol. However, the increase in the non-planarity of porphyrin ring in the heme group led to an increase in the exposure degree of the active center and thus an enhancement of catalytic efficiency of HRP in the presence of high molecular weight PEIs (PEI25k and PEI10k). The polymer size played an important role in PEI-HRP interaction. PEI of low molecular weight (PEI1.8k) was less efficient to alter the conformation and catalytic activity of HRP in aqueous solutions.

Dating of Modern Human Evolution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grun, R.

Dating studies on palaoeanthropological sites is usually carried out on material associ- ated with the human remains, such as the sediment, charcoal or other fauna rather than the human specimen itself. The reason lies in the fact that most dating techniques are destructive and because the hominid remains are too rare to be sacrificed for dating. This indirect dating approach is in many cases not satisfactory, because: (i) the human remains are often buried into the sediments and the association with other materials is uncertain (e.g. Skhul, Qafzeh, etc.); (ii) faunal remains or minerals from the sediment are re-worked from older deposits (see e.g. present discussion of the age of the Homo erectus remains in Indonesia; (iii) the hominid fossils were discovered at a time when no careful excavations were carried out and it is impossible to correlate the specimen with other datable material (which applies tonearly 90% of all palaeoanthropological specimens). For example, the hominid burial site of Qafzeh in Israel has been dated by several independent dating laboratories with a multitude of methods. However, the data are still not accepted by some because the dating has not been carried out on the hominid specimen. Until recently, hominid fossils could only be dated by radiocarbon. This method reaches back to about 40,000 years. As a consequence, all the older fossils could not be analysed and many important questions in our understanding of human evolution could not be addressed. Human remains are scarce and extremely valuable, therefore any sort of destruction has to be kept to an absolute minimum. This is of particular importance in Australia where any human fossils are sacred. Thus, for the analysis of hominid material it was necessary to develop a more or less non-destructive techniques. This has been ac- complished in recent years by the application of ESR dating of tooth enamel and a combination of gamma spectrometric and TIMS U-series dating of bones. The exam

20 CFR 404.630 - Use of date of written statement as filing date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... contacts us through the Internet by completing and transmitting the Personal Identification Information data on the Internet Social Security Benefit Application to us, we will use the date of the... date. 404.630 Section 404.630 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE...

20 CFR 404.630 - Use of date of written statement as filing date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... contacts us through the Internet by completing and transmitting the Personal Identification Information data on the Internet Social Security Benefit Application to us, we will use the date of the... date. 404.630 Section 404.630 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE...

20 CFR 404.630 - Use of date of written statement as filing date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... contacts us through the Internet by completing and transmitting the Personal Identification Information data on the Internet Social Security Benefit Application to us, we will use the date of the... date. 404.630 Section 404.630 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE...

20 CFR 404.630 - Use of date of written statement as filing date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... contacts us through the Internet by completing and transmitting the Personal Identification Information data on the Internet Social Security Benefit Application to us, we will use the date of the... date. 404.630 Section 404.630 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE...

Social Information Processing in Dating Conflicts: Reciprocal Relationships With Dating Aggression in a One-Year Prospective Study.

PubMed

Calvete, Esther; Orue, Izaskun; Gamez-Guadix, Manuel; López de Arroyabe, Elena

2016-04-01

The aim of this study was to assess the reciprocal associations among social information processing (SIP) in dating conflicts and the perpetration of dating aggression. A first step involved the development of a measure (The Social Information Processing Questionnaire in Dating Conflicts, SIPQ-DC) to assess social information in scenarios of conflict with dating partners. A sample of 1,272 adolescents (653 girls, 619 boys; Mage = 14.74 years, SD = 1.21) completed measures of SIP and dating aggression perpetration in two different times, which were spaced 1 year apart. Confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a model with five correlated factors for the SIPQ-DC, namely, hostile attribution, anger, aggressive response access, anticipation of positive consequences for oneself, and anticipation of negative consequences for partners. Although the perpetration of dating aggression at T1 was cross-sectionally associated with all the SIP components, anger was the only component that predicted the residual increase in dating aggression behavior over time. The perpetration of dating aggression predicted a worsening of cognitive-emotional processes involved in dating conflicts. Some longitudinal paths were significant only in male adolescents. In conclusion, relationships among SIP and aggression are reciprocal. Gender differences in longitudinal paths can contribute to explaining men's higher perpetration of violence in adulthood. © The Author(s) 2014.

Teen dating abuse: recognition and interventions.

PubMed

Freeman, Sally Ann; Rosenbluth, Barri; Cotton, Laura

2013-03-01

Teen dating abuse, also known as teen dating violence, is a significant public health issue. Adolescents with a history of dating abuse may struggle academically and experience increased risk for serious injury or even death. They may engage in risky sexual behavior, substance abuse, and unhealthy dieting and exhibit suicidal behaviors. School nurses may be the first adults that teens confide in when experiencing dating abuse and may lack the knowledge and skills to intervene with teens involved in unhealthy dating relationships. Beginning in 2008, Dell Children s Medical Center in Austin, Texas, partnered with SafePlace (a local nonprofit that serves survivors of sexual and domestic violence) to address dating abuse. This collaboration is part of Start Strong Austin, one of 11 communities nationwide participating in the Start Strong: Building Healthy Teen Relationships Initiative funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The Start Strong model employs innovative strategies in education, community engagement, policy change, and social marketing to prevent dating abuse before it starts.

Poly(ethyleneimines) in dermal applications: biocompatibility and antimicrobial effects.

PubMed

Wiegand, Cornelia; Bauer, Marius; Hipler, Uta-Christina; Fischer, Dagmar

2013-11-01

Cationic polyamines, such as poly(ethyleneimines) (PEIs), may recommend themselves for antimicrobial applications as they can interact with microbial membranes resulting in their disruption. The purpose of the study was the assessment of biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of PEIs with different architectures (branched (b) and linear (l)) and molar masses (0.8-750 kDa). lPEI and bPEI exhibited a strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with a more pronounced effect on the Gram-positive bacteria. lPEIs further demonstrated a higher antibacterial efficacy compared to bPEIs but no significant differences between 5 and 25 kDa were observed. In accordance, antibacterial activity of bPEI did not specifically depend on molar mass. Only slightly lower minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were observed at 5 kDa (S. aureus) and 25 kDa (E. coli) in the tests. As PEIs are compelling candidates for use in antimicrobial treatment, two basic aspects have to be investigated: treatment effectiveness and safety. PEIs clearly induced molecular weight dependent cytotoxic effects in vitro. PEIs with low molecular weight (0.8 and 5 kDa) exhibited higher biocompatibility. Nonetheless, the results confirmed a low genotoxic potential of lPEI and bPEIs. In conclusion, 2.5 kDa-lPEI and 0.8 kDa-bPEI can be recommended for use as antimicrobial polymers in dermal applications due to their high biocompatibility with concomitant antibacterial efficacy. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Using inositol as a biocompatible ligand for efficient transgene expression

PubMed Central

Zhang, Lei; Bellis, Susan L; Fan, Yiwen; Wu, Yunkun

2015-01-01

Transgene transfection techniques using cationic polymers such as polyethylenimines (PEIs) and PEI derivatives as gene vectors have shown efficacy, although they also have shortcomings. PEIs have decent DNA-binding capability and good cell internalization performance, but they cannot deliver gene payloads very efficiently to cell nuclei. In this study, three hyperbranched polyglycerol-polyethylenimine (PG6-PEI) polymers conjugated with myo-inositol (INO) molecules were developed. The three resulting PG6-PEI-INO polymers have an increased number of INO ligands per molecule. PG6-PEI-INO 1 had only 14 carboxymethyl INO (CMINO) units per molecule. PG6-PEI-INO 2 had approximately 130 CMINO units per molecule. PG6-PEI-INO 3 had as high as 415 CMINO units approximately. Mixing PG6-PEI-INO polymers with DNA produced compact nanocomposites. We then performed localization studies using fluorescent microscopy. As the number of conjugated inositol ligands increased in PG6-PEI-INO polymers, there was a corresponding increase in accumulation of the polymers within 293T cell nuclei. Transfection performed with spherical 293T cells yielded 82% of EGFP-positive cells when using PG6-PEI-INO 3 as the vehicle. Studies further revealed that extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) can inhibit the transgene efficiency of PG6-PEI-INO polymers, as compared with PEI and PG6-PEI that were not conjugated with inositol. Our work unveiled the possibility of using inositol as an effective ligand for transgene expression. PMID:25926732

Secure and effective gene delivery system of plasmid DNA coated by polynucleotide.

PubMed

Kodama, Yukinobu; Ohkubo, Chikako; Kurosaki, Tomoaki; Egashira, Kanoko; Sato, Kayoko; Fumoto, Shintaro; Nishida, Koyo; Higuchi, Norihide; Kitahara, Takashi; Nakamura, Tadahiro; Sasaki, Hitoshi

2015-01-01

Polynucleotides are anionic macromolecules which are expected to transfer into the targeted cells through specific uptake mechanisms. So, we developed polynucleotides coating complexes of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and polyethylenimine (PEI) for a secure and efficient gene delivery system and evaluated their usefulness. Polyadenylic acid (polyA), polyuridylic acid (polyU), polycytidylic acid (polyC), and polyguanylic acid (polyG) were examined as the coating materials. pDNA/PEI/polyA, pDNA/PEI/polyU, and pDNA/PEI/polyC complexes formed nanoparticles with a negative surface charge although pDNA/PEI/polyG was aggregated. The pDNA/PEI/polyC complex showed high transgene efficiency in B16-F10 cells although there was little efficiency in pDNA/PEI/polyA and pDNA/PEI/polyU complexes. An inhibition study strongly indicated the specific uptake mechanism of pDNA/PEI/polyC complex. Polynucleotide coating complexes had lower cytotoxicity than pDNA/PEI complex. The pDNA/PEI/polyC complex showed high gene expression selectively in the spleen after intravenous injection into mice. The pDNA/PEI/polyC complex showed no agglutination with erythrocytes and no acute toxicity although these were observed in pDNA/PEI complex. Thus, we developed polynucleotide coating complexes as novel vectors for clinical gene therapy, and the pDNA/PEI/polyC complex as a useful candidate for a gene delivery system.

Spacecraft propulsion systems test capability at the NASA White Sands Test Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baker, Pleddie; Gorham, Richard

1993-01-01

The NASA White Sands Facility (WSTF), a component insallation of the Johnson Space Center, is located on a 94-square-mile site in southwestern New Mexico. WSTF maintains many unique capabilities to support its mission to test and evaluate spacecraft materials, components, and propulsion systems to enable the safe human exploration and utilization of space. WSTF has tested over 340 rocket engines with more than 2.5 million firings to date. Included are propulsion system testing for Apollo, Shuttle, and now Space Station as well as unmanned spacecraft such as Viking, Pioneer, and Mars Observer. This paper describes the current WSTF propulsion test facilities and capabilities.

Pests of stored dates

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Dates are a major food crop across a large band of Africa and Eurasia, and to a lesser extent elsewhere. In most of its growing range, dates are threatened with infestation in the field by a complex of pests including nitidulid beetles and pyralid moths of the Subfamily Phycitinae. They are further ...

Synthesis and characterization of mannosylated pegylated polyethylenimine as a carrier for siRNA

PubMed Central

Kim, NaJung; Jiang, Dahai; Jacobi, Ashley; Lennox, Kim A.; Rose, Scott; Behlke, Mark A.; Salem, Aliasger K.

2011-01-01

Regulation of gene expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising strategy for research and treatment of numerous diseases. In this study, we develop and characterize a delivery system for siRNA composed of polyethylenimine (PEI), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and mannose (Man). Cationic PEI complexes and compacts siRNA, PEG forms a hydrophilic layer outside of the polyplex for steric stabilization, and mannose serves as a cell binding ligand for macrophages. The PEI-PEG-mannose delivery system was constructed in two different ways. In the first approach, mannose and PEG chains are directly conjugated to the PEI backbone. In the second approach, mannose is conjugated to one end of the PEG chain and the other end of the PEG chain is conjugated to the PEI backbone. The PEI-PEG-mannose delivery systems were synthesized with 3.45 – 13.3 PEG chains and 4.7 – 3.0 mannose molecules per PEI. The PEI-PEG-Man-siRNA polyplexes displayed a coarse surface in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images. Polyplex sizes were found to range from 169nm to 357nm. Gel retardation assays showed that the PEI-PEG-mannose polymers are able to efficiently complex with siRNA at low N/P ratios. Confocal microscope images showed that the PEI-PEG-Man-siRNA polyplexes could enter cells and localized in the lysosomes at 2 hours post-incubation. Pegylation of the PEI reduced toxicity without any adverse reduction in knockdown efficiency relative to PEI alone. Mannosylation of the PEI-PEG could be carried out without any significant reduction in knockdown efficiency relative to PEI alone. Conjugating mannose to PEI via the PEG spacer generated superior toxicity and gene knockdown activity relative to conjugating mannose and PEG directly onto the PEI backbone. PMID:21864664

Dating Violence in Russia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lysova, A. V.

2007-01-01

The phenomenon of violence in interpersonal relationships has been little studied in Russia, and the phenomenon of violence between dating partners has not been the object of scientific interest at all. The study on which the present article is based was designed to obtain information about the violence in dating among students enrolled in…

Peer Group Influences on Adolescent Dating Aggression

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Connolly, Jennifer; Friedlander, Laura

2009-01-01

The peer group is a critical social context for dating and romantic relationships. Peer groups provide opportunities to meet potential dating partners and set norms for acceptable dating behaviors. This article explores how peer groups influence dating and dating aggression, as well as how they can be used in prevention efforts. It also reviews…

Shell We Date? ESR Dating Sangamon Interglacial Episode Deposits at Hopwood Farm, IL.

PubMed

Blackwell, Bonnie A B; Kim, Danny M K; Curry, B Brandon; Grimley, David A; Blickstein, Joel I B; Skinner, Anne R

2016-12-01

During the Sangamon Episode, North America occasionally experienced warm climates. At Hopwood Farm, IL, a small kettle lake filled with sediment after the Illinois Episode glaciers retreated from southern Illinois. To date those deposits, 14 mollusc samples newly collected with associated sediment from three depths at Hopwood Farm were dated by standard electron spin resonance (ESR) dating. ESR can date molluscs from ~0.5 ka to >2 Ma in age with 5-10% precision, by comparing the accumulated radiation dose with the total radiation dose rate from the mollusc and its environment. Because all molluscs contained ≤0.6 ppm U, their ages do not depend on the assumed U uptake model. Using five different species, ESR analyses for 14 mollusc subsamples from Hopwood Farm showed that Unit 3, a layer rich in lacustrine molluscs, dates at 102 ± 7 ka to 90 ± 6 ka, which correlates with Marine (Oxygen) Isotope Stage 5c-b. Thus, the period with the highest non-arboreal pollen at Hopwood also correlates with the European Brørup, Dansgaard-Oeschger Event DO 23, a time period when climates were cooling and drying somewhat over the same period. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

40 CFR 63.403 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... compliance date shall be 18 months after September 8, 1994. (b) For new IPCT's that have an initial startup... initial startup on or after September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be the date of the initial startup. ...

40 CFR 63.403 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... compliance date shall be 18 months after September 8, 1994. (b) For new IPCT's that have an initial startup... initial startup on or after September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be the date of the initial startup. ...

Preparation and in vitro characterization of gallic acid-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mohammad-Beigi, Hossein; Shojaosadati, Seyed Abbas; Morshedi, Dina; Arpanaei, Ayyoob; Marvian, Amir Tayaranian

2015-04-01

Gallic acid (GA), as an antioxidant and antiparkinson agent, was loaded onto cationic human serum albumin nanoparticles (HSA NPs). Polyethylenimine (PEI)-coated HSA (PEI-HSA) NPs were prepared using three different methods: (I) coating negatively charged HSA NPs with positively charged PEI through attractive electrostatic interactions, (II) coating HSA NPs with PEI via covalent amide bond formation using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)- N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, and (III) coating HSA NPs with PEI via covalent bonding using glutaraldehyde for linking amine groups of PEI and amine groups of albumin NPs. Method II was selected since it resulted in a higher shift in the zeta potential value (mV) and less zeta potential value deviation, and also less size polydispersity. GA was loaded by adsorption onto the surface of PEI-HSA NPs of two different sizes: 117 ± 2.9 nm (PEI-P1) and 180 ± 3.1 nm (PEI-P2) NPs. Both GA-entrapment and GA-loading efficiencies increased slightly with the increasing size of NPs, and were affected intensely by the mass ratio of GA to PEI-HSA NPs. Free radical scavenging of GA was quantified based on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. The obtained results showed that GA remains active during the preparation of GA-loaded PEI-HSA NPs. The cytotoxicities of HSA, PEI-HSA, and GA-loaded PEI-HSA NPs on the PC-12 cells, as the neuroendocrine cell line, were measured. Our results indicate that positively charged PEI-HSA NPs are good candidates for efficient and safe delivery of GA to the brain.

Preparation and characterization of multi stimuli-responsive photoluminescent nanocomposites of graphene quantum dots with hyperbranched polyethylenimine derivatives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Xing; Liu, Hua-Ji; Cheng, Fa; Chen, Yu

2014-06-01

Oxidized graphene sheets (OGS) were treated with a hyperbranched polyethylenimine (PEI) under hydrothermal conditions to generate nanocomposites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) functionalized with PEI (GQD-PEIs). The influence of the reaction temperature and the PEI/OGS feed ratio on the photoluminescence properties of the GQD-PEIs was studied. The obtained GQD-PEIs were characterized by TEM, dynamic light scattering, elemental analysis, FTIR, zeta potential measurements and 1H NMR spectroscopy, from which their structural information was inferred. Subsequently, isobutyric amide (IBAm) groups were attached to the GQD-PEIs through the amidation reaction of isobutyric anhydride with the PEI moieties, which resulted in GQD-PEI-IBAm nanocomposites. GQD-PEI-IBAm was not only thermoresponsive, but also responded to other stimuli, including inorganic salts, pH, and loaded organic guests. The cloud point temperature (Tcp) of aqueous solutions of GQD-PEI-IBAm could be modulated through changing the number of IBAm units in GQD-PEI-IBAm, by varying the type and concentration of the inorganic salts and loaded organic guests, or by varying the pH. All the obtained GQD-PEI-IBAm nanocomposites were photoluminescent, and their maximum emission wavelengths were not influenced by outside stimuli. Their emission intensities were influenced a little or negligibly by pH, traditional salting-out anions (Cl- and SO42-), and the relatively polar aspirin guest. However, the traditional salting-in I- anion and the more hydrophobic 1-pyrenebutyric acid (PBA) guest could effectively quench their fluorescence. 2D NOESY 1H NMR spectra verified that GQD-PEI-IBAm accommodated the relatively polar aspirin guest using the PEI-IBAm shell, but adsorbed the relatively hydrophobic PBA guest through the nanographene core. The release rate of the guest encapsulated by the thermoresponsive GQD is different below and above Tcp.Oxidized graphene sheets (OGS) were treated with a hyperbranched

Dating Violence

MedlinePlus

... like hitting, shoving, kicking, biting, or throwing things Emotional abuse like yelling, name-calling, bullying, embarrassing, keeping you ... are very drunk). Dating violence often starts with emotional abuse. You may think that behaviors like calling you ...

40 CFR 63.403 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... initial startup before September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be September 8, 1994. (c) For new IPCT's that have an initial startup on or after September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be the date of the initial startup. ...

40 CFR 63.403 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... initial startup before September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be September 8, 1994. (c) For new IPCT's that have an initial startup on or after September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be the date of the initial startup. ...

40 CFR 63.403 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... initial startup before September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be September 8, 1994. (c) For new IPCT's that have an initial startup on or after September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be the date of the initial startup. ...

33 CFR 239.9 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effective date. 239.9 Section 239....9 Effective date. These regulations are applicable to all projects not approved by OCE prior to the date of this regulation. ...

Centrifuge Facility for the International Space Station Alpha

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Catherine C.; Hargens, Alan R.

1994-01-01

The Centrifuge Facility planned for the International Space Station Alpha has under-one considerable redesign over the past year, primarily because the Station is now viewed as a 10 year mission rather than a 30 year mission and because of the need to simply the design to meet budget constraints and a 2000 launch date. The basic elements of the Centrifuge Facility remain the same, i.e., a 2.5 m diameter centrifuge, a micro-g holding unit, plant and animal habitats, a glovebox and a service unit. The centrifuge will still provide the full range of artificial gravity from 0.01 a to 2 - as originally planned; however, the extractor to permit withdrawal of habitats from the centrifuge without stopping the centrifuge has been eliminated. The specimen habitats have also been simplified and are derived from other NASA programs. The Plant Research Unit being developed by the Gravitational Biology Facility will be used to house plants in the Centrifuge Facility. Although not as ambitious as the Centrifuge Facility plant habitat, it will provide much better environmental control and lighting than the current Shuttle based Plant Growth Facility. Similarly, rodents will be housed in the Advanced Animal Habitat being developed for the Shuttle program. The Centrifuge Facility and ISSA will provide the opportunity to perform repeatable, high quality science. The long duration increments available on the Station will permit multigeneration studies on both plants and animals which have not previously been possible. The Centrifuge Facility will accommodate sufficient number of specimens to permit statistically significant sampling of specimens to investigate the time course of adaptation to altered gravity environments. The centrifuge will for the first time permit investigators to use gravity itself as a tool to investigate fundamental processes, to investigate the intensity and duration of gravity to maintain normal structure and function, to separate the effects of micro-g from

The rate of cyber dating abuse among teens and how it relates to other forms of teen dating violence.

PubMed

Zweig, Janine M; Dank, Meredith; Yahner, Jennifer; Lachman, Pamela

2013-07-01

To date, little research has documented how teens might misuse technology to harass, control, and abuse their dating partners. This study examined the extent of cyber dating abuse-abuse via technology and new media-in youth relationships and how it relates to other forms of teen dating violence. A total of 5,647 youth from ten schools in three northeastern states participated in the survey, of which 3,745 reported currently being in a dating relationship or having been in one during the prior year (52 % were female; 74 % White). Just over a quarter of youth in a current or recent relationship said that they experienced some form of cyber dating abuse victimization in the prior year, with females reporting more cyber dating abuse victimization than males (particularly sexual cyber dating abuse). One out of ten youth said that they had perpetrated cyber dating abuse, with females reporting greater levels of non-sexual cyber dating abuse perpetration than males; by contrast, male youth were significantly more likely to report perpetrating sexual cyber dating abuse. Victims of sexual cyber dating abuse were seven times more likely to have also experienced sexual coercion (55 vs. 8 %) than were non-victims, and perpetrators of sexual cyber dating abuse were 17 times more likely to have also perpetrated sexual coercion (34 vs. 2 %) than were non-perpetrators. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

Facile preparation of a stable and functionalizable hybrid monolith via ring-opening polymerization for capillary liquid chromatography.

PubMed

Lin, Hui; Ou, Junjie; Tang, Shouwan; Zhang, Zhenbin; Dong, Jing; Liu, Zhongshan; Zou, Hanfa

2013-08-02

An organic-inorganic hybrid monolith was prepared by a single-step ring-opening polymerization of octaglycidyldimethylsilyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) with poly(ethylenimine) (PEI). The obtained hybrid monoliths possessed high ordered 3D skeletal microstructure with dual retention mechanism that exhibits reversed-phase (RP) mechanism under polar mobile phase and hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) retention mechanism under less polar mobile phase. The high column efficiencies of 110,000N/m can be achieved for separation of alkylbenzenes in capillary reversed-phase liquid chromatography (cLC). Due to the robust property of hybrid monolith and the rich primary and secondary amino groups on its surface, the resulting hybrid monolith was easily modified with γ-gluconolactone and physically coated with cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC), respectively. The former was successfully applied for HILIC separation of neutral, basic and acidic polar compounds as well as small peptides, and the latter for enantioseparation of racemates in cLC. The high column efficiencies were achieved in all of those separations. These results demonstrated that the hybrid monolith (POSS-PEI) possessed high stability and good surface tailorbility, potentially being applied for other research fields. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Meeting today's requirements for large thermal vacuum test facilities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Corinth, R. L.; Rouse, J. A.

1986-01-01

The Lockheed Thermal Vacuum Facility at Sunnyvale, California, completed in late 1986, one of the largest multi-program facilities constructed to date is described. The horizontal 12.2 m diameter by 24.4 m long chamber has removable heads at each end and houses a thermal shroud providing a test volume 10.4 m diameter by 24.4 m long. The chamber and thermal shroud are configured to permit the insertion of a 6.1 m wide by 24.4 m long vibration isolated optical bench. The pumpimg system incorporates an internal cryopumping array, turbomolecular pumps and cryopumps to handle multi-program needs and ranges of gas loads. The high vacuum system is capable of achieving clean, dry and empty pressures below 1.3 times 10 to the minus 6 power Pa (10 to the minus 8 power torr.)

Correlates of cyber dating abuse among teens.

PubMed

Zweig, Janine M; Lachman, Pamela; Yahner, Jennifer; Dank, Meredith

2014-08-01

Recent advancements in technology (e.g., social networking, texting) have created new ways for dating youth to relate to one another, including in abusive ways via "cyber dating abuse." Cyber dating abuse is a form of teen dating violence that overlaps with other types of abuse (e.g., psychological) but also has several unique characteristics. Given the phenomenon's limited presence in dating violence literature, we focus on identifying how experiencing cyber dating abuse relates to youths' individual behaviors and experiences (e.g., substance use, sexual activity), psychosocial adjustment, school connection, family relationships, and partner relationships. A total of 3,745 youth (52% female, 74% White) in three northeastern states participated in the survey and reported currently being in a dating relationship or having been in one during the prior year. We found that experiences of cyber dating abuse were most significantly correlated with being female, committing a greater variety of delinquent behaviors, having had sexual activity in one's lifetime, having higher levels of depressive symptoms, and having higher levels of anger/hostility. Further, cyber dating abuse appeared somewhat more strongly related to depressive symptoms and delinquency than did other forms of teen dating violence and abuse.

Polyethyleneimine-lipid conjugate-based pH-sensitive micellar carrier for gene delivery

PubMed Central

Sawant, Rupa R.; Sriraman, Shravan Kumar; Navarro, Gemma; Biswas, Swati; Dalvi, Riddhi A.; Torchilin, Vladimir P.

2012-01-01

A low molecular weight polyethyleneimine (PEI 1.8 kDa) was modified with dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to form the PEI-PE conjugate investigated as a transfection vector. The optimized PEI-PE/pDNA complexes at an N/P ratio of 16 had a particle size of 225 nm, a surface charge of +31 mV, and protected the pDNA from the action of DNase I. The PEI-PE conjugate had a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of about 34 μg/ml and exhibited no toxicity compared to a high molecular weight PEI (PEI 25 kDa) as tested with B16-F10 melanoma cells. The B16-F10 cells transfected with PEI-PE/pEGFP complexes showed protein expression levels higher than with PEI-1.8 or PEI-25 vectors. Complexes prepared with YOYO 1-labeled pEGFP confirmed the enhanced delivery of the plasmid with PEI-PE compared to PEI-1.8 and PEI-25. The PEI-PE/pDNA complexes were also mixed with various amounts of micelle-forming material, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-PE to improve biocompatibility. The resulting particles exhibited a neutral surface charge, resistance to salt-induced aggregation, and good transfection activity in the presence of serum in complete media. The use of the low-pH-degradable PEG-hydrazone-PE produced particles with transfection activity sensitive to changes in pH consistent with the relatively acidic tumor environment. PMID:22365809

19 CFR 351.701 - Applicability dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Applicability dates. 351.701 Section 351.701 Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTIES Applicability Dates § 351.701 Applicability dates. The regulations contained in this part 351...

19 CFR 351.701 - Applicability dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Applicability dates. 351.701 Section 351.701 Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTIES Applicability Dates § 351.701 Applicability dates. The regulations contained in this part 351...

19 CFR 351.701 - Applicability dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Applicability dates. 351.701 Section 351.701 Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTIES Applicability Dates § 351.701 Applicability dates. The regulations contained in this part 351...

19 CFR 351.701 - Applicability dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Applicability dates. 351.701 Section 351.701 Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTIES Applicability Dates § 351.701 Applicability dates. The regulations contained in this part 351...

19 CFR 351.701 - Applicability dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Applicability dates. 351.701 Section 351.701 Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTIES Applicability Dates § 351.701 Applicability dates. The regulations contained in this part 351...

New polymer of lactic-co-glycolic acid-modified polyethylenimine for nucleic acid delivery

PubMed Central

Lü, Jian-Ming; Liang, Zhengdong; Wang, Xiaoxiao; Gu, Jianhua; Yao, Qizhi; Chen, Changyi

2016-01-01

Aim: To develop an improved delivery system for nucleic acids. Materials & methods: We designed, synthesized and characterized a new polymer of lactic-co-glycolic acid-modified polyethylenimine (LGA-PEI). Functions of LGA-PEI polymer were determined. Results: The new LGA-PEI polymer spontaneously formed nanoparticles (NPs) with DNA or RNA, and showed higher DNA or RNA loading efficiency, higher or comparable transfection efficacy, and lower cytotoxicity in several cell types including PANC-1, Jurkat and HEK293 cells, when compared with lipofectamine 2000, branched or linear PEI (25 kDa). In nude mouse models, LGA-PEI showed higher delivery efficiency of plasmid DNA or miRNA mimic into pancreatic and ovarian xenograft tumors. LGA-PEI/DNA NPs showed much lower toxicity than control PEI NPs in mouse models. Conclusion: The new LGA-PEI polymer is a safer and more effective system to deliver DNA or RNA than PEI. PMID:27456396

Date canning: a new approach for the long time preservation of date.

PubMed

Homayouni, Aziz; Azizi, Aslan; Keshtiban, Ata Khodavirdivand; Amini, Amir; Eslami, Ahad

2015-04-01

Dramatic growth in date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) production, makes it clear to apply proper methods to preserve this nutritious fruit for a long time. Numerous methods have been used to gain this goal in recent years that can be classified into non-thermal (fumigation, ozonation, irradiation, and packaging) and thermal (heat treatment, cold storage, dehydration, jam etc.) processing methods. In this paper these methods were reviewed and novel methods for date preservation were presented.

Dating Norms and Dating Violence among Ninth Graders in Northeast Georgia: Reports from Student Surveys and Focus Groups

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reeves, Patricia M.; Orpinas, Pamela

2012-01-01

This mixed-methods study describes the norms supporting male-to-female and female-to-male dating violence in a diverse sample of ninth graders. The quantitative study, based on student surveys (n = 624), compared norms supporting dating violence by sex, race/ethnicity, and dating status, and it examined the relation between dating violence norms…

Polyethylenimine surface layer for enhanced virus immobilization on cellulose

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tiliket, Ghania; Ladam, Guy; Nguyen, Quang Trong; Lebrun, Laurent

2016-05-01

Thin regenerated cellulose films are prepared by hydrolysis of cellulose acetate (CA). A polycation, namely polyethylenimine (PEI), is then adsorbed onto the films. From QCM-D analysis, PEI readily adsorbs from a 0.1% w/v solution in NaCl 0.2 M (ca. 100 ng cm-2). Further PEI adsorption steps at higher PEI concentrations induce a linear growth of the PEI films, suggesting that free adsorption sites still exist after the initial adsorption. The adsorbed PEI chains are resistant to variations of the ionic strength up to NaCl 1 M. Promisingly, the adsorption of T4D bacteriophages are 15-fold more efficient onto the PEI-treated, compared to the native regenerated cellulose films, as measured by QCM-D. This confirms the strong affinity between the negatively charged viruses and PEI, even at low PEI concentration, probably governed by strong electrostatic attractive interactions. This result explains the remarkable improvement of the affinity of medical masks for virus droplets when one of their cellulose layers was changed by two-PEI-functionalized cellulose-based filters.

49 CFR 571.8 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Effective date. 571.8 Section 571.8 Transportation..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS General § 571.8 Effective date. (a) Firefighting vehicles. Notwithstanding the effective date provisions of the motor vehicle safety standards in...

49 CFR 1150.13 - Relevant dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Relevant dates. 1150.13 Section 1150.13 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD, DEPARTMENT... Designated Operators § 1150.13 Relevant dates. The exact dates of the period of operation which have been...

40 CFR 425.05 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Compliance dates. 425.05 Section 425... STANDARDS LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY General Provisions § 425.05 Compliance dates. The compliance date for new source performance standards (NSPS) and pretreatment standards for new...

49 CFR 571.8 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Effective date. 571.8 Section 571.8 Transportation..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS General § 571.8 Effective date. (a) Firefighting vehicles. Notwithstanding the effective date provisions of the motor vehicle safety standards in...

38 CFR 21.4135 - Discontinuance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... withdraws from correspondence, flight, farm cooperative, cooperative or job training, benefits will be... of last instruction. (iii) Job training: Date of last training. (iv) Farm cooperative training: Date... the school or the date determined under § 21.4277, whichever is earlier. (Authority: 38 U.S.C. 3474...

38 CFR 21.4135 - Discontinuance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... withdraws from correspondence, flight, farm cooperative, cooperative or job training, benefits will be... of last instruction. (iii) Job training: Date of last training. (iv) Farm cooperative training: Date... the school or the date determined under § 21.4277, whichever is earlier. (Authority: 38 U.S.C. 3474...

Radiocarbon dating of terrestrial carbonates

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pigati, Jeffrey S.; Rink, W. Jack; Thompson, Jeroen

2014-01-01

Terrestrial carbonates encompass a wide range of materials that potentially could be used for radiocarbon (14C) dating. Biogenic carbonates, including shells and tests of terrestrial and aquatic gastropods, bivalves, ostracodes, and foraminifera, are preserved in a variety of late Quaternary deposits and may be suitable for 14C dating. Primary calcareous deposits (marls, tufa, speleothems) and secondary carbonates (rhizoliths, fracture fill, soil carbonate) may also be targeted for dating when conditions are favorable. This chapter discusses issues that are commonly encountered in 14C dating of terrestrial carbonates, including isotopic disequilibrium and open-system behavior, as well as methods used to determine the reliability of ages derived from these materials. Recent methodological advancements that may improve the accuracy and precision of 14C ages of terrestrial carbonates are also highlighted.

Polyethyleneimine grafted short halloysite nanotubes for gene delivery.

PubMed

Long, Zheru; Zhang, Jun; Shen, Yan; Zhou, Changren; Liu, Mingxian

2017-12-01

Inorganic nanoparticles have attracted much attentions in gene delivery because of their desirable characteristics including low toxicity, well-controlled characteristics, high gene delivery efficiency, and multi-functionalities. Here, natural occurred halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were developed as a novel non-viral gene vector. To increase the efficiency of endocytosis, HNTs were firstly shortened into an appropriate size (~200nm). Then polyethyleneimine (PEI) was grafted onto HNTs to bind green fluorescence protein (GFP) labeled pDNA. The structure and physical-chemical properties of PEI grafted HNTs (PEI-g-HNTs) were characterized by various methods. PEI-g-HNTs show lower cytotoxicity than PEI. PEI-g-HNTs are positively charged and can bind DNA tightly at designed N/P ratio from 5:1 to 40:1. PEI-g-HNTs/pDNA complexes show much higher transfection efficiency towards both 293T and HeLa cells compared with PEI/pDNA complexes at the equivalent N/P ratio. The transfection efficiencies of PEI-g-HNTs/pDNA complex towards HeLa cell can reach to 44.4% at N/P ratio of 20. PEI-g-HNTs/pDNA complexes possess a higher GFP protein expression than PEI/pDNA from simple western immunoblots. So, PEI-g-HNTs are potential gene vectors with good biocompatibility and high transfection efficiency, which have promising applications in cancer gene therapy. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

38 CFR 21.9625 - Beginning dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Entrance or reentrance including change of program or institution of higher learning. When an eligible... institution of higher learning), the beginning date of his or her award of educational assistance will be... education, the beginning date will be the latest of— (A) The date the institution of higher learning...

40 CFR 62.1352 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 62.1352 Section 62.1352 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND... Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills § 62.1352 Effective date. The effective date of the plan for...

18 CFR 1308.7 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Effective date. 1308.7... General Matters § 1308.7 Effective date. Subject to § 1308.3(a), this part applies to any TVA contract having an effective date on or after March 1, 1979. ...

40 CFR 62.602 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 62.602 Section 62.602 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND... Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills § 62.602 Effective date. The effective date of EPA approval of the...

40 CFR 57.106 - Expiration date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Expiration date. 57.106 Section 57.106 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) PRIMARY NONFERROUS SMELTER ORDERS General § 57.106 Expiration date. Each NSO shall state its expiration date. No NSO...

18 CFR 1308.7 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Effective date. 1308.7... General Matters § 1308.7 Effective date. Subject to § 1308.3(a), this part applies to any TVA contract having an effective date on or after March 1, 1979. ...

40 CFR 62.632 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 62.632 Section 62.632 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND.../medical/infectious Waste Incinerators § 62.632 Effective date. The effective date of EPA approval of the...

40 CFR 280.91 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 27 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Compliance dates. 280.91 Section 280... (UST) Financial Responsibility § 280.91 Compliance dates. Owners of petroleum underground storage tanks are required to comply with the requirements of this subpart by the following dates: (a) All petroleum...

In vitro efficacy of a gene-activated nerve guidance conduit incorporating non-viral PEI-pDNA nanoparticles carrying genes encoding for NGF, GDNF and c-Jun.

PubMed

Lackington, William A; Raftery, Rosanne M; O'Brien, Fergal J

2018-06-07

Despite the success of tissue engineered nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) for the treatment of small peripheral nerve injuries, autografts remain the clinical gold standard for larger injuries. The delivery of neurotrophic factors from conduits might enhance repair for more effective treatment of larger injuries but the efficacy of such systems is dependent on a safe, effective platform for controlled and localised therapeutic delivery. Gene therapy might offer an innovative approach to control the timing, release and level of neurotrophic factor production by directing cells to transiently sustain therapeutic protein production in situ. In this study, a gene-activated NGC was developed by incorporating non-viral polyethyleneimine-plasmid DNA (PEI-pDNA) nanoparticles (N/P 7 ratio, 2μg dose) with the pDNA encoding for nerve growth factor (NGF), glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or the transcription factor c-Jun. The physicochemical properties of PEI-pDNA nanoparticles, morphology, size and charge, were shown to be suitable for gene delivery and demonstrated high Schwann cell transfection efficiency (60±13%) in vitro. While all three genes showed therapeutic potential in terms of enhancing neurotrophic cytokine production while promoting neurite outgrowth, delivery of the gene encoding for c-Jun showed the greatest capacity to enhance regenerative cellular processes in vitro. Ultimately, this gene-activated NGC construct was shown to be capable of transfecting both Schwann cells (S42 cells) and neuronal cells (PC12 and dorsal root ganglia) in vitro, demonstrating potential for future therapeutic applications in vivo. The basic requirements of biomaterial-based nerve guidance conduits have now been well established and include being able to bridge a nerve injury to support macroscopic guidance between nerve stumps, while being strong enough to withstand longitudinal tension and circumferential compression, in addition to being mechanically sound to facilitate

40 CFR 63.1351 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... or startup for sources that commenced construction after March 24, 1998. (b) The compliance date for... before or on December 20, 2006, or (2) Startup for sources that commenced construction after December 20... compliance date for new sources is February 12, 2013, or startup, whichever is later. (e) The compliance date...

40 CFR 63.1351 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... or startup for sources that commenced construction after March 24, 1998. (b) The compliance date for... before or on December 20, 2006, or (2) Startup for sources that commenced construction after December 20... compliance date for new sources is February 12, 2013, or startup, whichever is later. (e) The compliance date...

10 CFR 784.13 - Effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Effective dates. 784.13 Section 784.13 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PATENT WAIVER REGULATION § 784.13 Effective dates. Waivers shall be effective on the following dates: (a) For advance waivers of identified inventions, i.e., inventions conceived prior to the...

40 CFR 63.784 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Compliance dates. 63.784 Section 63... Emission Standards for Shipbuilding and Ship Repair (Surface Coating) § 63.784 Compliance dates. (a) Each owner or operator of an existing affected source shall comply within two years after the effective date...

1 CFR 20.7 - Deadline dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Deadline dates. 20.7 Section 20.7 General... DOCUMENTS HANDLING OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL STATEMENTS § 20.7 Deadline dates. The Manual is... basis. Therefore, agencies must comply with the deadline dates established by the Director of the...

10 CFR 784.13 - Effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Effective dates. 784.13 Section 784.13 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PATENT WAIVER REGULATION § 784.13 Effective dates. Waivers shall be effective on the following dates: (a) For advance waivers of identified inventions, i.e., inventions conceived prior to the...

Poly(ethylenimine) conjugated bioreducible dendrimer for efficient gene delivery.

PubMed

Nam, Kihoon; Jung, Simhyun; Nam, Joung-Pyo; Kim, Sung Wan

2015-12-28

Branched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) 25 kDa is an efficient gene delivery vector with outstanding gene condensation ability and great endosome escape activity. However, it also induces higher cytotoxicity. Transfection efficiency and toxicity of PEI are highly dependent upon their molecular weight and structure. We developed a bioreducible poly(ethylenimine) (PEI (-s-s-)) derived from low molecular weight PEI (1.8 kDa) for efficient gene delivery. Bioreducible core molecule is expected to increase molecular weight and reduce the cytotoxicity of the copolymer. PEI (-s-s-) polyplexes showed higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity compared to branched PEI 25 kDa, Lipofectamine® 2000 and, FuGENE® 6. In addition, PEI (-s-s-) derivative (16 kDa) formed stable polyplexes with a zeta-potential value of +34 mV and polyplex size of 61 nm. PEI (-s-s-) derivative (16 kDa) showed excellent transfection efficiency: 3.6 times higher than branched PEI 25 kDa in HeLa cells and 7.4 times higher than Lipofectamine® 2000 in H9C2 cell. The derivatives also showed lower cytotoxicity compared with Lipofectamine® 2000 and PEI 25 kDa in various cell types. In addition, newly synthesized PEI (-s-s-) derivatives have high reproducibility. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) core/chitosan-mixed-polyethyleneimine shell nanoparticles and their antibacterial property.

PubMed

Inphonlek, Supharat; Pimpha, Nuttaporn; Sunintaboon, Panya

2010-06-01

The core-shell nanoparticles possessing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) core coated with chitosan (CS), polyethyleneimine (PEI), and chitosan-mixed-polyethyleneimine (CS/PEI) shells were synthesized in this work. The emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization triggered by a redox initiating system from t-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) and amine groups on CS and/or PEI was used as a synthetic method. In the CS/PEI systems, the amount of CS was kept constant (0.5g), while the amount of PEI was varied from 0.1 to 0.5g. The surface and physico-chemical properties of prepared nanoparticles were then examined. FTIR spectra indicated the presence of grafted PMMA on CS and/or PEI, and the weight fraction of incorporated PEI in the CS/PEI nanoparticles. All nanoparticles were spherical in shape with uniform size distribution illustrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The introduction of PEI to CS nanoparticles yielded the higher monomer conversion, grafting efficiency, and grafting percentage compared with the CS nanoparticles. The size of CS/PEI nanoparticles was smaller than the original CS and PEI nanoparticles, and tended to decrease with increasing amount of PEI introduced. The introduction of PEI also brought the higher colloidal stability to the nanoparticles as indicated by zeta-potential measurement and isoelectric point analysis. The nanoparticles exhibited a promising antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The nanoparticle-bacteria interaction was studied via SEM. The results suggested that they would be useful as effective antibacterial agents. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

38 CFR 21.7131 - Commencing dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... standard college degree. (1) When the student enrolls in a course offered by independent study, the commencing date of the award or increased award of educational assistance will be the date the student began...) When a student enrolls in a resident course or subject, the commencing date of the award or increased...

38 CFR 21.7635 - Discontinuance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-Educational Assistance § 21.7635 Discontinuance dates. The effective date of reduction or discontinuance of... mitigating circumstances VA will terminate or reduce educational assistance effective the first date of the... practices of the institution of higher learning. (Authority: 10 U.S.C. 16136(b), 38 U.S.C. 3680(a); Pub. L...

38 CFR 21.7635 - Discontinuance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...-Educational Assistance § 21.7635 Discontinuance dates. The effective date of reduction or discontinuance of... mitigating circumstances VA will terminate or reduce educational assistance effective the first date of the... practices of the institution of higher learning. (Authority: 10 U.S.C. 16136(b), 38 U.S.C. 3680(a); Pub. L...

38 CFR 21.7635 - Discontinuance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-Educational Assistance § 21.7635 Discontinuance dates. The effective date of reduction or discontinuance of... mitigating circumstances VA will terminate or reduce educational assistance effective the first date of the... practices of the institution of higher learning. (Authority: 10 U.S.C. 16136(b), 38 U.S.C. 3680(a); Pub. L...

38 CFR 21.7635 - Discontinuance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-Educational Assistance § 21.7635 Discontinuance dates. The effective date of reduction or discontinuance of... mitigating circumstances VA will terminate or reduce educational assistance effective the first date of the... practices of the institution of higher learning. (Authority: 10 U.S.C. 16136(b), 38 U.S.C. 3680(a); Pub. L...

38 CFR 21.7635 - Discontinuance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-Educational Assistance § 21.7635 Discontinuance dates. The effective date of reduction or discontinuance of... mitigating circumstances VA will terminate or reduce educational assistance effective the first date of the... practices of the institution of higher learning. (Authority: 10 U.S.C. 16136(b), 38 U.S.C. 3680(a); Pub. L...

40 CFR 63.826 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Compliance dates. 63.826 Section 63... Emission Standards for the Printing and Publishing Industry § 63.826 Compliance dates. (a) The compliance date for an owner or operator of an existing affected source subject to the provisions of this subpart...

29 CFR 18.1104 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date. 18.1104 Section 18.1104 Labor Office of the... ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES Rules of Evidence Applicability § 18.1104 Effective date. These rules are effective thirty days after date of publication with respect to formal adversarial adjudications as specified in...

46 CFR 565.7 - Effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Effective dates. 565.7 Section 565.7 Shipping FEDERAL... CARRIERS § 565.7 Effective dates. (a) Generally. Except for service contracts, the rates, charges... permission, become effective sooner than the 30th day after the date of publication. (b) Open rates—(1...

40 CFR 1043.5 - Effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective dates. 1043.5 Section 1043.5... Effective dates. (a) The requirement of APPS for marine vessels to comply with Annex VI of the MARPOL... 1, 2010, although some requirements do not become applicable until later dates. (c) Compliance with...

21 CFR 610.50 - Date of manufacture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 7 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Date of manufacture. 610.50 Section 610.50 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) BIOLOGICS GENERAL BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS STANDARDS Dating Period Limitations § 610.50 Date of manufacture. The date of...

21 CFR 610.50 - Date of manufacture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 7 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Date of manufacture. 610.50 Section 610.50 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) BIOLOGICS GENERAL BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS STANDARDS Dating Period Limitations § 610.50 Date of manufacture. The date of...

21 CFR 610.50 - Date of manufacture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 7 2011-04-01 2010-04-01 true Date of manufacture. 610.50 Section 610.50 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) BIOLOGICS GENERAL BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS STANDARDS Dating Period Limitations § 610.50 Date of manufacture. The date of...

21 CFR 610.50 - Date of manufacture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 7 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Date of manufacture. 610.50 Section 610.50 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) BIOLOGICS GENERAL BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS STANDARDS Dating Period Limitations § 610.50 Date of manufacture. The date of...

7 CFR 35.8 - Date of export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Date of export. 35.8 Section 35.8 Agriculture... Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS EXPORT GRAPES AND PLUMS Definitions § 35.8 Date of export. Date of export means the date of loading on board the...

42 CFR 423.40 - Effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Effective dates. 423.40 Section 423.40 Public... Effective dates. (a) Initial enrollment period. (1) An enrollment made prior to the month of entitlement to... period specified in § 423.38(c), the effective date is determined by CMS, which, to the extent...

24 CFR 30.5 - Effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Effective dates. 30.5 Section 30.5... MONEY PENALTIES: CERTAIN PROHIBITED CONDUCT General § 30.5 Effective dates. (a) Under § 30.20, a civil... dates: (1) September 6, 1996, for owners of more than four residential dwellings; or (2) December 6...

49 CFR 30.5 - Effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Effective dates. 30.5 Section 30.5 Transportation... SERVICES OF COUNTRIES THAT DENY PROCUREMENT MARKET ACCESS TO U.S. CONTRACTORS § 30.5 Effective dates. The... date of enactment, and before October 1, 1988. The provisions of section 115 of the Airport Safety Act...

42 CFR 435.914 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Effective date. 435.914 Section 435.914 Public... Eligibility § 435.914 Effective date. (a) The agency must make eligibility for Medicaid effective no later... during that month. (c) The State plan must specify the date on which eligibility will be made effective...

40 CFR 51.1004 - Attainment dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Attainment dates. 51.1004 Section 51....5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards § 51.1004 Attainment dates. (a) Consistent with section 172(a)(2)(A) of the Act, the attainment date for an area designated nonattainment for the PM2.5 NAAQS...

40 CFR 51.1004 - Attainment dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Attainment dates. 51.1004 Section 51....5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards § 51.1004 Attainment dates. (a) Consistent with section 172(a)(2)(A) of the Act, the attainment date for an area designated nonattainment for the PM2.5 NAAQS...

40 CFR 51.1004 - Attainment dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01