30 CFR 77.312 - Fail safe monitoring systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fail safe monitoring systems. 77.312 Section 77... Thermal Dryers § 77.312 Fail safe monitoring systems. Thermal dryer systems and controls shall be protected by a fail safe monitoring system which will safely shut down the system and any related equipment...

30 CFR 77.312 - Fail safe monitoring systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Fail safe monitoring systems. 77.312 Section 77... Thermal Dryers § 77.312 Fail safe monitoring systems. Thermal dryer systems and controls shall be protected by a fail safe monitoring system which will safely shut down the system and any related equipment...

30 CFR 77.312 - Fail safe monitoring systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Fail safe monitoring systems. 77.312 Section 77... Thermal Dryers § 77.312 Fail safe monitoring systems. Thermal dryer systems and controls shall be protected by a fail safe monitoring system which will safely shut down the system and any related equipment...

30 CFR 77.312 - Fail safe monitoring systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Fail safe monitoring systems. 77.312 Section 77... Thermal Dryers § 77.312 Fail safe monitoring systems. Thermal dryer systems and controls shall be protected by a fail safe monitoring system which will safely shut down the system and any related equipment...

When the science fails and the ethics works: 'Fail-safe' ethics in the FEM-PrEP study.

PubMed

Kingori, Patricia

2015-12-01

This paper will explore the concept of 'fail safe' ethics in the FEM PrEP trial, and the practice of research and ethics on the ground. FEM-PrEP examined the efficacy of PrEP in African women after promising outcomes in research conducted with MSM. This was a hugely optimistic time and FEM-PrEP was mobilised using rights-based ethical arguments that women should have access to PrEP. This paper will present data collected during an ethnographic study of frontline research workers involved in FEM-PrEP. During our discussions, 'fail-safe' ethics emerged as concept that encapsulated their confidence that their ethics could not fail. However, in 2011, FEM-PrEP was halted and deemed a failure. The women involved in the study were held responsible because contrary to researcher's expectations they were not taking the oral PrEP being researched. This examination of FEM-PrEP will show that ethical arguments are increasingly deployed to mobilise, maintain and in some cases stop trials in ways which, at times, are superseded or co-opted by other interests. While promoting the interests of women, rights-based approaches are argued to indirectly justify the continuation of individualised, biomedical interventions which have been problematic in other women-centred trials. In this examination of FEM-PrEP, the rights-based approach obscured: ethical concerns beyond access to PrEP; the complexities of power relationships between donor and host countries; the operations of the HIV industry in research-saturated areas and the cumulative effect of unfilled expectations in HIV research and how this has shaped ideas of research and ethics.

A fail-safe CMOS logic gate

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bobin, V.; Whitaker, S.

1990-01-01

This paper reports a design technique to make Complex CMOS Gates fail-safe for a class of faults. Two classes of faults are defined. The fail-safe design presented has limited fault-tolerance capability. Multiple faults are also covered.

Automated Testing Experience of the Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment (LASRE) Controller

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Larson, Richard R.

1999-01-01

System controllers must be fail-safe, low cost, flexible to software changes, able to output health and status words, and permit rapid retest qualification. The system controller designed and tested for the aerospike engine program was an attempt to meet these requirements. This paper describes (1) the aerospike controller design, (2) the automated simulation testing techniques, and (3) the real time monitoring data visualization structure. Controller cost was minimized by design of a single-string system that used an off-the-shelf 486 central processing unit (CPU). A linked-list architecture, with states (nodes) defined in a user-friendly state table, accomplished software changes to the controller. Proven to be fail-safe, this system reported the abort cause and automatically reverted to a safe condition for any first failure. A real time simulation and test system automated the software checkout and retest requirements. A program requirement to decode all abort causes in real time during all ground and flight tests assured the safety of flight decisions and the proper execution of mission rules. The design also included health and status words, and provided a real time analysis interpretation for all health and status data.

Investigation of safe-life fail-safe criteria for the space shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

An investigation was made to determine the effects of a safe-life design approach and a fail-safe design approach on the space shuttle booster vehicle structure, and to recommend any changes to the structural design criteria. Two configurations of the booster vehicle were considered, one incorporating a delta wing (B-9U configuration) and the other a swept wing (B-16B configuration). Several major structural components of the booster were studied to determine the fatigue life, safe-life, and fail-safe capabilities of the baseline design. Each component was investigated to determine the practicability of applying a safe-life or fail-safe design philosophy, the changes such design approaches might require, and the impact of these changes on weight, cost, development plans, and performance.

On the calculation of low-thrust fail-safe trajectories

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sauer, C. G., Jr.

1975-01-01

A guidance algorithm is developed for a low-thrust spacecraft such that target intercept is possible in spite of premature thrust termination along the trajectory. Such a trajectory is called a 'fail-safe' trajectory and the spacecraft thrust is utilized to minimize the relative target-spacecraft approach speed. The fail-safe guidance algorithm is solved using the concept of a critical thrust plane and a non-critical thrust direction. Several examples of fail-safe guidance are presented for a solar-electric propulsion flyby mission to the comet Encke.

77 FR 21422 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-10

... the fail-safe interlayer of certain No. 2 and No. 3 glass windows, which could result in loss of the... would hinder the internal or external detailed inspections for fail-safe interlayer cracks, glass pane... this AD only if the non-clear damage hinders the inspection for fail-safe interlayer cracks, glass pane...

Study of fail-safe abort system for an actively cooled hypersonic aircraft, volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peeples, M. E.; Herring, R. L.

1976-01-01

Conceptual designs of a fail-safe abort system for hydrogen fueled actively cooled high speed aircraft are examined. The fail-safe concept depends on basically three factors: (1) a reliable method of detecting a failure or malfunction in the active cooling system, (2) the optimization of abort trajectories which minimize the descent heat load to the aircraft, and (3) fail-safe thermostructural concepts to minimize both the weight and the maximum temperature the structure will reach during descent. These factors are examined and promising approaches are evaluated based on weight, reliability, ease of manufacture and cost.

76 FR 10288 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Model 767-200, -300, -300F, and -400ER Series Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-24

... and corrosion to an area within five inches of the fail-safe strap. Revision 2 of this service.... The existing AD currently requires inspections to detect cracking or corrosion of the fail-safe straps... corrective actions. Since we issued that AD, we have received additional reports of cracks in 51 fail-safe...

Study of a fail-safe abort system for an actively cooled hypersonic aircraft. Volume 1: Technical summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pirello, C. J.; Herring, R. L.

1976-01-01

Conceptual designs of a fail-safe abort system for hydrogen fueled actively cooled high speed aircraft are examined. The fail-safe concept depends on basically three factors: (1) a reliable method of detecting a failure or malfunction in the active cooling system, (2) the optimization of abort trajectories which minimize the descent heat load to the aircraft, and (3) fail-safe thermostructural concepts to minimize both the weight and the maximum temperature the structure will reach during descent. These factors are examined and promising approaches are evaluated based on weight, reliability, ease of manufacture and cost.

29 CFR 1910.179 - Overhead and gantry cranes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... adequately guarded or isolated. (40) Fail-safe means a provision designed to automatically stop or safely... shall be capable of maintaining safe lowering speeds of rated loads. (ii) The control braking means... the crane operator. (viii) Automatic cranes shall be so designed that all motions shall fail-safe if...

76 FR 38074 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Model 747-100, 747-100B, 747-200B, 747-200C, 747...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-29

... withstand fail-safe loads. DATES: We must receive comments on this proposed AD by August 15, 2011. ADDRESSES... pressurization and the inability of the airplane fuselage to withstand fail-safe loads. Actions Since Existing AD... withstand fail-safe loads. Compliance (f) You are responsible for having the actions required by this AD...

77 FR 26663 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Model 767-200, -300, -300F, and -400ER Series Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-07

... removing corrosion from fail-safe straps. We have received Boeing Service Bulletin 767-53A0100, Revision 3.... That AD currently requires inspections to detect cracking or corrosion of the fail-safe straps between... cracks in 51 fail-safe straps on 41 airplanes; we have also received a report of a crack found in the ``T...

76 FR 19278 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Model 747-100, 747-100B, 747-100B SUD, 747-200B, 747...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-07

... are proposing this AD to detect and correct cracking in the fail-safe interlayer of certain No. 2 and... to detect and correct cracking in the fail-safe interlayer of certain No. 2 and No. 3 glass windows... cracking in the fail-safe interlayer of certain No. 2 and No. 3 glass windows, which could result in loss...

Fail-safe reactivity compensation method for a nuclear reactor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nygaard, Erik T.; Angelo, Peter L.; Aase, Scott B.

The present invention relates generally to the field of compensation methods for nuclear reactors and, in particular to a method for fail-safe reactivity compensation in solution-type nuclear reactors. In one embodiment, the fail-safe reactivity compensation method of the present invention augments other control methods for a nuclear reactor. In still another embodiment, the fail-safe reactivity compensation method of the present invention permits one to control a nuclear reaction in a nuclear reactor through a method that does not rely on moving components into or out of a reactor core, nor does the method of the present invention rely on themore » constant repositioning of control rods within a nuclear reactor in order to maintain a critical state.« less

Robust extraction of the aorta and pulmonary artery from 3D MDCT image data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taeprasartsit, Pinyo; Higgins, William E.

2010-03-01

Accurate definition of the aorta and pulmonary artery from three-dimensional (3D) multi-detector CT (MDCT) images is important for pulmonary applications. This work presents robust methods for defining the aorta and pulmonary artery in the central chest. The methods work on both contrast enhanced and no-contrast 3D MDCT image data. The automatic methods use a common approach employing model fitting and selection and adaptive refinement. During the occasional event that more precise vascular extraction is desired or the method fails, we also have an alternate semi-automatic fail-safe method. The semi-automatic method extracts the vasculature by extending the medial axes into a user-guided direction. A ground-truth study over a series of 40 human 3D MDCT images demonstrates the efficacy, accuracy, robustness, and efficiency of the methods.

New Developments in FPGA: SEUs and Fail-Safe Strategies from the NASA Goddard Perspective

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berg, Melanie D.; Label, Kenneth A.; Pellish, Jonathan

2016-01-01

It has been shown that, when exposed to radiation environments, each Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device has unique error signatures. Subsequently, fail-safe and mitigation strategies will differ per FPGA type. In this session several design approaches for safe systems will be presented. It will also explore the benefits and limitations of several mitigation techniques. The intention of the presentation is to provide information regarding FPGA types, their susceptibilities, and proven fail-safe strategies; so that users can select appropriate mitigation and perform the required trade for system insertion. The presentation will describe three types of FPGA devices and their susceptibilities in radiation environments.

New Developments in FPGA: SEUs and Fail-Safe Strategies from the NASA Goddard Perspective

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berg, Melanie D.; LaBel, Kenneth; Pellish, Jonathan

2015-01-01

It has been shown that, when exposed to radiation environments, each Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device has unique error signatures. Subsequently, fail-safe and mitigation strategies will differ per FPGA type. In this session several design approaches for safe systems will be presented. It will also explore the benefits and limitations of several mitigation techniques. The intention of the presentation is to provide information regarding FPGA types, their susceptibilities, and proven fail-safe strategies; so that users can select appropriate mitigation and perform the required trade for system insertion. The presentation will describe three types of FPGA devices and their susceptibilities in radiation environments.

New Developments in FPGA Devices: SEUs and Fail-Safe Strategies from the NASA Goddard Perspective

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berg, Melanie; LaBel, Kenneth; Pellish, Jonathan

2016-01-01

It has been shown that, when exposed to radiation environments, each Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device has unique error signatures. Subsequently, fail-safe and mitigation strategies will differ per FPGA type. In this session several design approaches for safe systems will be presented. It will also explore the benefits and limitations of several mitigation techniques. The intention of the presentation is to provide information regarding FPGA types, their susceptibilities, and proven fail-safe strategies; so that users can select appropriate mitigation and perform the required trade for system insertion. The presentation will describe three types of FPGA devices and their susceptibilities in radiation environments.

HOME - An application of fault-tolerant techniques and system self-testing. [independent computer for helicopter flight control command monitoring

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holden, D. G.

1975-01-01

Hard Over Monitoring Equipment (HOME) has been designed to complement and enhance the flight safety of a flight research helicopter. HOME is an independent, highly reliable, and fail-safe special purpose computer that monitors the flight control commands issued by the flight control computer of the helicopter. In particular, HOME detects the issuance of a hazardous hard-over command for any of the four flight control axes and transfers the control of the helicopter to the flight safety pilot. The design of HOME incorporates certain reliability and fail-safe enhancement design features, such as triple modular redundancy, majority logic voting, fail-safe dual circuits, independent status monitors, in-flight self-test, and a built-in preflight exerciser. The HOME design and operation is described with special emphasis on the reliability and fail-safe aspects of the design.

Fail-safe system for activity cooled supersonic and hypersonic aircraft. [using liquid hydrogen fuel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, R. A.; Braswell, D. O.; Richie, C. B.

1975-01-01

A fail-safe-system concept was studied as an alternative to a redundant active cooling system for supersonic and hypersonic aircraft which use the heat sink of liquid-hydrogen fuel for cooling the aircraft structure. This concept consists of an abort maneuver by the aircraft and a passive thermal protection system (TPS) for the aircraft skin. The abort manuever provides a low-heat-load descent from normal cruise speed to a lower speed at which cooling is unnecessary, and the passive TPS allows the aircraft skin to absorb the abort heat load without exceeding critical skin temperature. On the basis of results obtained, it appears that this fail-safe-system concept warrants further consideration, inasmuch as a fail-safe system could possibly replace a redundant active cooling system with no increase in weight and would offer other potential advantages.

Fluid check valve has fail-safe feature

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gaul, L. C.

1965-01-01

Check valve ensures unidirectional fluid flow and, in case of failure, vents the downstream fluid to the atmosphere and gives a positive indication of malfunction. This dual valve consists of a master check valve and a fail-safe valve.

Study of a fail-safe abort system for an actively cooled hypersonic aircraft: Computer program documentation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haas, L. A., Sr.

1976-01-01

The Fail-Safe Abort System TEMPerature Analysis Program, (FASTEMP), user's manual is presented. This program was used to analyze fail-safe abort systems for an actively cooled hypersonic aircraft. FASTEMP analyzes the steady state or transient temperature response of a thermal model defined in rectangular, cylindrical, conical and/or spherical coordinate system. FASTEMP provides the user with a large selection of subroutines for heat transfer calculations. The various modes of heat transfer available from these subroutines are: heat storage, conduction, radiation, heat addition or generation, convection, and fluid flow.

78 FR 42723 - Airworthiness Directives; Pilatus Aircraft Ltd. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-17

... System (ESIS). If the common ground fails both navigations systems could fail simultaneously, which could... Display (PFD) and the Electronic Standby Instrument System (ESIS). If the common ground fails both navigations systems could fail simultaneously, which could result in loss of control. We are issuing this...

Automatic protective vent has fail-safe feature

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dameron, C. E.

1966-01-01

Delayed vent valve system in a mechanical backing pump in a vacuum system allows the pneumatic foreline valve to seal before the pump vent opens. The system is designed to be fail-safe and operate even though there is loss of electrical power.

Fail-safe bidirectional valve driver

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fujimoto, H.

1974-01-01

Cross-coupled diodes are added to commonly used bidirectional valve driver circuit to protect circuit and power supply. Circuit may be used in systems requiring fail-safe bidirectional valve operation, particularly in chemical- and petroleum-processing control systems and computer-controlled hydraulic or pneumatic systems.

78 FR 58874 - Airworthiness Directives; PILATUS AIRCRAFT LTD. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-25

... System (ESIS). If the common ground fails both navigations systems could fail simultaneously, which could... flight display (PFD) and the Electronic Standby Instrument System (ESIS). If the common ground fails both navigation systems could fail simultaneously. We are issuing this AD to prevent simultaneous failure of both...

Performance of a fail-safe system to follow up abnormal mammograms in primary care.

PubMed

Grossman, Ellie; Phillips, Russell S; Weingart, Saul N

2010-09-01

Missed and delayed breast cancer diagnoses are major sources of potential harm to patients and medical malpractice liability in the United States. Follow-up of abnormal mammogram results is an essential but challenging component of safe breast care. To explore the value of an inexpensive method to follow up abnormal test results, we examined a paper-based fail-safe system. We examined a fail-safe system used to follow up abnormal mammograms at a primary care practice at an urban teaching hospital. We analyzed all abnormal mammogram reports and clinicians' responses to follow-up reminders. We characterized potential lapses identified in this system and used regression models to identify patient, provider, and test result characteristics associated with such lapses. Clinicians responded to fail-safe reminders for 92% of 948 abnormal mammograms. Clinicians reported that they were unaware of the abnormal result in 8% of cases and that there was no follow-up plan in place for 3% of cases. Clinicians with more years of experience were more likely to be aware of the abnormal result (odds of being unaware per incremental year in practice, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-0.97) and were more likely to have a follow-up plan. A paper-based fail-safe system for abnormal mammograms is feasible in a primary care practice. However, special care is warranted to ensure full clinician adherence and address staff transitions and trainee-related issues.

(abstract) The Design of a Benign Fail-safe Mechanism Using a Low-melting-point Metal Alloy Coupler

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blomquist, Richard S.

1995-01-01

Because the alpha proton X ray spectrometer (APXS) sensor head on the Mars Pathfinder rover, Sojourner, is placed on Martian soil by the deployment mechanism (ADM), the rover would be crippled if the actuator fails when the mechanism is in its deployed position, as rover ground clearance is then reduced to zero. This paper describes the unique fail-safe mounted on the ADM, especially the use of a low-temperature-melting alloy as a coupler device. The final form of the design is a low-melting-point metal pellet coupler, made from Cerrobend, in parallel with a Negator spring pack. In its solid state, the metal rigidly connects the driver (the actuator) and the driven part (the mechanism). When commanded, a strip heater wrapped around the coupler melts the metal pellet (at 60(deg)C), allowing the driven part to turn independent of the driver. The Negator spring retracts the mechanism to its fully stowed position. This concept meets all the design criteria, and provides an added benefit. When the metal hardens the coupler once again rigidly connects the actuator and the mechanism. The concept presented here can easily be applied to other applications. Anywhere release devices are needed, low-melting-point couplers can be considered. The issues to be concerned with are thermal isolation, proper setting of the parts before actuation, and possible outgassing concerns. However, when these issues are overcome, the resulting release mechanism can promise to be the most light, simple, power conserving alternative available.

Apollo 16 Mission Anomaly Report No. 1: Oxidizer Deservicing Tank Failure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

The command module reaction control system is emptied of all remaining propellant using ground support equipment designed to provide an acid/base neutralization of the propellant in both the liquid and gaseous phases so that it may be disposed of safely. During the deactivation operation of the oxidizer from the Apollo 16 command module on 7 May 1972, the scrubber tank of the decontamination unit exploded, destroying the ground support equipment unit and damaging the building that housed the operation. Only minor injuries were received by the personnel in the area and the command module was not damaged. Test results show that the failure was caused by an insufficient quantity of neutralizer for the quantity of oxidizer. This insufficiency lead to exothermic nitration-type reactions which produced large quantities of gas at a very high rate and failed the decontamination tank.

77 FR 29857 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-21

... of cabin pressurization and the inability of the fuselage to withstand fail-safe loads. DATES: This... cabin pressurization and the inability of the fuselage to withstand fail-safe loads. (f) Compliance You... reference of certain publications listed in the AD as of June 25, 2012. ADDRESSES: For service information...

76 FR 82210 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-30

... fuse pins that can fail earlier than the previously determined safe life limit of the pins. A fractured... retract actuator fuse pins that can fail earlier than previously determined safe life limit of the pins. A... Friday, except Federal holidays. For service information identified in this proposed AD, contact Boeing...

77 FR 37781 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-25

... actuator fuse pins that can fail earlier than the previously determined safe life limit of the pins. A... that can fail earlier than the previously determined safe life limit of the pins. A fractured retract... July 30, 2012. ADDRESSES: For service information identified in this AD, contact Boeing Commercial...

Adaptive voting computer system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koczela, L. J.; Wilgus, D. S. (Inventor)

1974-01-01

A computer system is reported that uses adaptive voting to tolerate failures and operates in a fail-operational, fail-safe manner. Each of four computers is individually connected to one of four external input/output (I/O) busses which interface with external subsystems. Each computer is connected to receive input data and commands from the other three computers and to furnish output data commands to the other three computers. An adaptive control apparatus including a voter-comparator-switch (VCS) is provided for each computer to receive signals from each of the computers and permits adaptive voting among the computers to permit the fail-operational, fail-safe operation.

Evolution of the Hubble Space Telescope Safing Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pepe, Joyce; Myslinski, Michael

2006-01-01

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was launched on April 24 1990, with an expected lifespan of 15 years. Central to the spacecraft design was the concept of a series of on-orbit shuttle servicing missions permitting astronauts to replace failed equipment, update the scientific instruments and keep the HST at the forefront of astronomical discoveries. One key to the success of the Hubble mission has been the robust Safing systems designed to monitor the performance of the observatory and to react to keep the spacecraft safe in the event of equipment anomaly. The spacecraft Safing System consists of a range of software tests in the primary flight computer that evaluate the performance of mission critical hardware, safe modes that are activated when the primary control mode is deemed inadequate for protecting the vehicle, and special actions that the computer can take to autonomously reconfigure critical hardware. The HST Safing System was structured to autonomously detect electrical power system, data management system, and pointing control system malfunctions and to configure the vehicle to ensure safe operation without ground intervention for up to 72 hours. There is also a dedicated safe mode computer that constantly monitors a keep-alive signal from the primary computer. If this signal stops, the safe mode computer shuts down the primary computer and takes over control of the vehicle, putting it into a safe, low-power configuration. The HST Safing system has continued to evolve as equipment has aged, as new hardware has been installed on the vehicle, and as the operation modes have matured during the mission. Along with the continual refinement of the limits used in the safing tests, several new tests have been added to the monitoring system, and new safe modes have been added to the flight software. This paper will focus on the evolution of the HST Safing System and Safing tests, and the importance of this evolution to prolonging the science operations of the telescope.

Subscale Validation of the Subsurface Active Filtration of Exhaust (SAFE) Approach to the NTP Ground Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marshall, William M.; Borowski, Stanley K.; Bulman, Mel; Joyner, Russell; Martin, Charles R.

2015-01-01

Nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) has been recognized as an enabling technology for missions to Mars and beyond. However, one of the key challenges of developing a nuclear thermal rocket is conducting verification and development tests on the ground. A number of ground test options are presented, with the Sub-surface Active Filtration of Exhaust (SAFE) method identified as a preferred path forward for the NTP program. The SAFE concept utilizes the natural soil characteristics present at the Nevada National Security Site to provide a natural filter for nuclear rocket exhaust during ground testing. A validation method of the SAFE concept is presented, utilizing a non-nuclear sub-scale hydrogen/oxygen rocket seeded with detectible radioisotopes. Additionally, some alternative ground test concepts, based upon the SAFE concept, are presented. Finally, an overview of the ongoing discussions of developing a ground test campaign are presented.

Fail-Safe Magnetic Bearing Controller Demonstrated Successfully

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Choi, Benjamin B.; Provenza, Andrew J.

2001-01-01

The Structural Mechanics and Dynamics Branch has successfully demonstrated a fail-safe controller for the Fault-Tolerant Magnetic Bearing rig at the NASA Glenn Research Center. The rotor is supported by two 8-pole redundant radial bearings, and coil failing situations are simulated by manually shutting down their control current commands from the controller cockpit. The effectiveness of the controller was demonstrated when only two active coils from each radial bearing could be used (that is, 14 coils failed). These remaining two coils still levitated the rotor and spun it without losing stability or desired position up to the maximum allowable speed of 20,000 rpm.

75 FR 77524 - Special Conditions: Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation Model S-92A Helicopter; Installation of a...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-13

... must provide fail-safe operations during coupled maneuvers. The demonstration of fail-safe operations... receive your comments by February 11, 2011. ADDRESSES: You must mail or deliver two copies of your... your comments: Docket No. SW023. You can inspect comments in the Docket on weekdays, except Federal...

A Statistical Simulation Approach to Safe Life Fatigue Analysis of Redundant Metallic Components

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Matthews, William T.; Neal, Donald M.

1997-01-01

This paper introduces a dual active load path fail-safe fatigue design concept analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation. The concept utilizes the inherent fatigue life differences between selected pairs of components for an active dual path system, enhanced by a stress level bias in one component. The design is applied to a baseline design; a safe life fatigue problem studied in an American Helicopter Society (AHS) round robin. The dual active path design is compared with a two-element standby fail-safe system and the baseline design for life at specified reliability levels and weight. The sensitivity of life estimates for both the baseline and fail-safe designs was examined by considering normal and Weibull distribution laws and coefficient of variation levels. Results showed that the biased dual path system lifetimes, for both the first element failure and residual life, were much greater than for standby systems. The sensitivity of the residual life-weight relationship was not excessive at reliability levels up to R = 0.9999 and the weight penalty was small. The sensitivity of life estimates increases dramatically at higher reliability levels.

A fully integrated new paradigm for lithium's mode of action - lithium utilizes latent cellular fail-safe mechanisms.

PubMed

van Woerkom, Arthur Ernst

2017-01-01

It is proposed that lithium's therapeutic effects occur indirectly by augmenting a cascade of protective "fail-safe" pathways pre-configured to activate in response to a dangerous low cell [Mg ++ ] situation, eg, posttraumatic brain injury, alongside relative cell adenosine triphosphate depletion. Lithium activates cell protection, as it neatly mimics a lowered intracellular [Mg ++ ] level.

A fail safe laser activated switch used as an emergency control link at the Langley Vortex Research Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kassel, P. C., Jr.

1978-01-01

A fail safe light activated switch was used as an emergency control link at the Langley Vortex Research Facility. In this facility aircraft models were towed through a still air test chamber by a gasoline powered vehicle which was launched from one end of a 427-meter track and attained velocities to 31 m/sec in the test chamber. A 5 mW HeNe laser with a mechanical copper provided a connecting link with the moving tow vehicle on which a silicon photodiode receiver with a specially designed amplifier provided a fail safe switching action. This system provided an emergency means of stopping the vehicle by turning off the laser to interrupt the power to the vehicle ignition and brake release systems.

Towards a damage tolerance philosophy for composite materials and structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

O'Brien, T. Kevin

1990-01-01

A damage-threshold/fail-safe approach is proposed to ensure that composite structures are both sufficiently durable for economy of operation, as well as adequately fail-safe or damage tolerant for flight safety. Matrix cracks are assumed to exist throughout the off-axis plies. Delamination onset is predicted using a strain energy release rate characterization. Delamination growth is accounted for in one of three ways: either analytically, using delamination growth laws in conjunction with strain energy release rate analyses incorporating delamination resistance curves; experimentally, using measured stiffness loss; or conservatively, assuming delamination onset corresponds to catastrophic delamination growth. Fail-safety is assessed by accounting for the accumulation of delaminations through the thickness. A tension fatigue life prediction for composite laminates is presented as a case study to illustrate how this approach may be implemented. Suggestions are made for applying the damage-threshold/fail-safe approach to compression fatigue, tension/compression fatigue, and compression strength following low velocity impact.

Towards a damage tolerance philosophy for composite materials and structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Obrien, T. Kevin

1988-01-01

A damage-threshold/fail-safe approach is proposed to ensure that composite structures are both sufficiently durable for economy of operation, as well as adequately fail-safe or damage tolerant for flight safety. Matrix cracks are assumed to exist throughout the off-axis plies. Delamination onset is predicted using a strain energy release rate characterization. Delamination growth is accounted for in one of three ways: either analytically, using delamination growth laws in conjunction with strain energy release rate analyses incorporating delamination resistance curves; experimentally, using measured stiffness loss; or conservatively, assuming delamination onset corresponds to catastrophic delamination growth. Fail-safety is assessed by accounting for the accumulation of delaminations through the thickness. A tension fatigue life prediction for composite laminates is presented as a case study to illustrate how this approach may be implemented. Suggestions are made for applying the damage-threshold/fail-safe approach to compression fatigue, tension/compression fatigue, and compression strength following low velocity impact.

Fail-safe designs for large capacity battery systems

DOEpatents

Kim, Gi-Heon; Smith, Kandler; Ireland, John; Pesaran, Ahmad A.; Neubauer, Jeremy

2016-05-17

Fail-safe systems and design methodologies for large capacity battery systems are disclosed. The disclosed systems and methodologies serve to locate a faulty cell in a large capacity battery, such as a cell having an internal short circuit, determine whether the fault is evolving, and electrically isolate the faulty cell from the rest of the battery, preventing further electrical energy from feeding into the fault.

Need for Robust Sensors for Inherently Fail-Safe Gas Turbine Engine Controls, Monitoring, and Prognostics (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-01

MONITORING , AND PROGNOSTICS Alireza R. Behbahani Controls / Engine Health Management Turbine Engine Division / PRTS U.S. Air Force Research...Technical Report 2005. 8. Greitzer, Frank et al, “Gas Turbine Engine Health Monitoring and Prognostics ”, International Society of Logistics (SOLE...AFRL-PR-WP-TP-2007-217 NEED FOR ROBUST SENSORS FOR INHERENTLY FAIL-SAFE GAS TURBINE ENGINE CONTROLS, MONITORING , AND PROGNOSTICS (POSTPRINT

Turbine vane segment and impingement insert configuration for fail-safe impingement insert retention

DOEpatents

Burdgick, Steven Sebastian; Kellock, Iain Robertson

2003-05-13

An impingement insert sleeve is provided that is adapted to be disposed in a coolant cavity defined through a stator vane. The insert has a generally open inlet end and first and second pairs of diametrically opposed side walls, and at least one fail-safe tab defined at a longitudinal end of the insert for limiting radial displacement of the insert with respect to the stator vane.

Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis: Confidence Intervals for Rosenthal's Fail-Safe Number.

PubMed

Fragkos, Konstantinos C; Tsagris, Michail; Frangos, Christos C

2014-01-01

The purpose of the present paper is to assess the efficacy of confidence intervals for Rosenthal's fail-safe number. Although Rosenthal's estimator is highly used by researchers, its statistical properties are largely unexplored. First of all, we developed statistical theory which allowed us to produce confidence intervals for Rosenthal's fail-safe number. This was produced by discerning whether the number of studies analysed in a meta-analysis is fixed or random. Each case produces different variance estimators. For a given number of studies and a given distribution, we provided five variance estimators. Confidence intervals are examined with a normal approximation and a nonparametric bootstrap. The accuracy of the different confidence interval estimates was then tested by methods of simulation under different distributional assumptions. The half normal distribution variance estimator has the best probability coverage. Finally, we provide a table of lower confidence intervals for Rosenthal's estimator.

Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis: Confidence Intervals for Rosenthal's Fail-Safe Number

PubMed Central

Fragkos, Konstantinos C.; Tsagris, Michail; Frangos, Christos C.

2014-01-01

The purpose of the present paper is to assess the efficacy of confidence intervals for Rosenthal's fail-safe number. Although Rosenthal's estimator is highly used by researchers, its statistical properties are largely unexplored. First of all, we developed statistical theory which allowed us to produce confidence intervals for Rosenthal's fail-safe number. This was produced by discerning whether the number of studies analysed in a meta-analysis is fixed or random. Each case produces different variance estimators. For a given number of studies and a given distribution, we provided five variance estimators. Confidence intervals are examined with a normal approximation and a nonparametric bootstrap. The accuracy of the different confidence interval estimates was then tested by methods of simulation under different distributional assumptions. The half normal distribution variance estimator has the best probability coverage. Finally, we provide a table of lower confidence intervals for Rosenthal's estimator. PMID:27437470

Filter assembly for metallic and intermetallic tube filters

DOEpatents

Alvin, Mary Anne; Lippert, Thomas E.; Bruck, Gerald J.; Smeltzer, Eugene E.

2001-01-01

A filter assembly (60) for holding a filter element (28) within a hot gas cleanup system pressure vessel is provided, containing: a filter housing (62), said filter housing having a certain axial length and having a peripheral sidewall, said sidewall defining an interior chamber (66); a one piece, all metal, fail-safe/regenerator device (68) within the interior chamber (66) of the filter housing (62) and/or extending beyond the axial length of the filter housing, said device containing an outward extending radial flange (71) within the filter housing for seating an essential seal (70), the device also having heat transfer media (72) disposed inside and screens (80) for particulate removal; one compliant gasket (70) positioned next to and above the outward extending radial flange of the fail-safe/regenerator device; and a porous metallic corrosion resistant superalloy type filter element body welded at the bottom of the metal fail-safe/regenerator device.

Optimal Aircraft Control Upset Recovery With and Without Component Failures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sparks, Dean W.; Moerder, Daniel D.

2002-01-01

This paper treats the problem of recovering sustainable nondescending (safe) flight in a transport aircraft after one or more of its control effectors fail. Such recovery can be a challenging goal for many transport aircraft currently in the operational fleet for two reasons. First, they have very little redundancy in their means of generating control forces and moments. These aircraft have, as primary control surfaces, a single rudder and pairwise elevators and aileron/spoiler units that provide yaw, pitch, and roll moments with sufficient bandwidth to be used in stabilizing and maneuvering the airframe. Beyond this, throttling the engines can provide additional moments, but on a much slower time scale. Other aerodynamic surfaces, such as leading and trailing edge flaps, are only intended to be placed in a position and left, and are, hence, very slow-moving. Because of this, loss of a primary control surface strongly degrades the controllability of the vehicle, particularly when the failed effector becomes stuck in a non-neutral position where it exerts a disturbance moment that must be countered by the remaining operating effectors. The second challenge in recovering safe flight is that these vehicles are not agile, nor can they tolerate large accelerations. This is of special importance when, at the outset of the recovery maneuver, the aircraft is flying toward the ground, as is frequently the case when there are major control hardware failures. Recovery of safe flight is examined in this paper in the context of trajectory optimization. For a particular transport aircraft, and a failure scenario inspired by an historical air disaster, recovery scenarios are calculated with and without control surface failures, to bring the aircraft to safe flight from the adverse flight condition that it had assumed, apparently as a result of contact with a vortex from a larger aircraft's wake. An effort has been made to represent relevant airframe dynamics, acceleration limits, and actuator limits faithfully, since these contribute to the lack of agility and control power that plays an important role in defining what can be achieved with the vehicle when it is in extremis.

Alternative Fuels Data Center

Science.gov Websites

Autonomous Vehicle (AV) Safe Testing Regulations Arizona state agencies must support the testing fails, the vehicle must be brought to a complete stop or safe state. The Arizona Department of Public

Surface Movement Incidents Reported to the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Connell, Linda J.; Hubener, Simone

1997-01-01

Increasing numbers of aircraft are operating on the surface of airports throughout the world. Airport operations are forecast to grow by more that 50%, by the year 2005. Airport surface movement traffic would therefore be expected to become increasingly congested. Safety of these surface operations will become a focus as airport capacity planning efforts proceed toward the future. Several past events highlight the prevailing risks experienced while moving aircraft during ground operations on runways, taxiways, and other areas at terminal, gates, and ramps. The 1994 St. Louis accident between a taxiing Cessna crossing an active runway and colliding with a landing MD-80 emphasizes the importance of a fail-safe system for airport operations. The following study explores reports of incidents occurring on an airport surface that did not escalate to an accident event. The Aviation Safety Reporting System has collected data on surface movement incidents since 1976. This study sampled the reporting data from June, 1993 through June, 1994. The coding of the data was accomplished in several categories. The categories include location of airport, phase of ground operation, weather /lighting conditions, ground conflicts, flight crew characteristics, human factor considerations, and airport environment. These comparisons and distributions of variables contributing to surface movement incidents can be invaluable to future airport planning, accident prevention efforts, and system-wide improvements.

Validation of mathematical models for Salmonella growth in raw ground beef under dynamic temperature conditions representing loss of refrigeration.

PubMed

McConnell, Jennifer A; Schaffner, Donald W

2014-07-01

Temperature is a primary factor in controlling the growth of microorganisms in food. The current U. S. Food and Drug Administration Model Food Code guidelines state that food can be kept out of temperature control for up to 4 h without qualifiers, or up to 6 h, if the food product starts at an initial 41 °F (5 °C) temperature and does not exceed 70 °F (21 °C) at 6 h. This project validates existing ComBase computer models for Salmonella growth under changing temperature conditions modeling scenarios using raw ground beef as a model system. A cocktail of Salmonella serovars isolated from different meat products ( Salmonella Copenhagen, Salmonella Montevideo, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Saintpaul, and Salmonella Heidelberg) was made rifampin resistant and used for all experiments. Inoculated samples were held in a programmable water bath at 4.4 °C (40 °F) and subjected to linear temperature changes to different final temperatures over various lengths of time and then returned to 4.4 °C (40 °F). Maximum temperatures reached were 15.6, 26.7, or 37.8 °C (60, 80, or 100 °F), and the temperature increases took place over 4, 6, and 8 h, with varying cooling times. Our experiments show that when maximum temperatures were lower (15.6 or 26.7 °C), there was generally good agreement between the ComBase models and experiments: when temperature increases of 15.6 or 26.7 °C occurred over 8 h, experimental data were within 0.13 log CFU of the model predictions. When maximum temperatures were 37 °C, predictive models were fail-safe. Overall bias of the models was 1.11. and accuracy was 2.11. Our experiments show the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Model Food Code guidelines for holding food out of temperature control are quite conservative. Our research also shows that the ComBase models for Salmonella growth are accurate or fail-safe for dynamic temperature conditions as might be observed due to power loss from natural disasters or during transport out of temperature control.

Investigation of structural factors of safety for the space shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

A study was made of the factors governing the structural design of the fully reusable space shuttle booster to establish a rational approach to select optimum structural factors of safety. The study included trade studies of structural factors of safety versus booster service life, weight, cost, and reliability. Similar trade studies can be made on other vehicles using the procedures developed. The major structural components of a selected baseline booster were studied in depth, each being examined to determine the fatigue life, safe-life, and fail-safe capabilities of the baseline design. Each component was further examined to determine its reliability and safety requirements, and the change of structural weight with factors of safety. The apparent factors of safety resulting from fatigue, safe-life, proof test, and fail-safe requirements were identified. The feasibility of reduced factors of safety for design loads such as engine thrust, which are well defined, was examined.

Critical issues in assuring long lifetime and fail-safe operation of optical communications network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paul, Dilip K.

1993-09-01

Major factors in assuring long lifetime and fail-safe operation in optical communications networks are reviewed in this paper. Reliable functionality to design specifications, complexity of implementation, and cost are the most critical issues. As economics is the driving force to set the goals as well as priorities for the design, development, safe operation, and maintenance schedules of reliable networks, a balance is sought between the degree of reliability enhancement, cost, and acceptable outage of services. Protecting both the link and the network with high reliability components, hardware duplication, and diversity routing can ensure the best network availability. Case examples include both fiber optic and lasercom systems. Also, the state-of-the-art reliability of photonics in space environment is presented.

Superfluid Helium Tanker (SFHT) study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eberhardt, Ralph N.; Dominick, Sam M.; Anderson, John E.; Gille, John P.; Martin, Tim A.; Marino, John S.; Paynter, Howard L.; Traill, R. Eric; Herzl, Alfred; Gotlib, Sam

1988-01-01

Replenishment of superfluid helium (SFHe) offers the potential of extending the on-orbit life of observatories, satellite instruments, sensors and laboratories which operate in the 2 K temperature regime. A reference set of resupply customers was identified as representing realistic helium servicing requirements and interfaces for the first 10 years of superfluid helium tanker (SFHT) operations. These included the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), the Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility (Astromag), and the Microgravity and Materials Processing Sciences Facility (MMPS)/Critical Point Phenomena Facility (CPPF). A mixed-fleet approach to SFHT utilization was considered. The tanker permits servicing from the Shuttle cargo bay, in situ when attached to the OMV and carried to the user spacecraft, and as a depot at the Space Station. A SFHT Dewar ground servicing concept was developed which uses a dedicated ground cooling heat exchanger to convert all the liquid, after initial fill as normal fluid, to superfluid for launch. This concept permits the tanker to be filled to a near full condition, and then cooled without any loss of fluid. The final load condition can be saturated superfluid with any desired ullage volume, or the tank can be totally filed and pressurized. The SFHT Dewar and helium plumbing system design has sufficient component redundancy to meet fail-operational, fail-safe requirements, and is designed structurally to meet a 50 mission life usage requirement. Technology development recommendations were made for the selected SFHT concept, and a Program Plan and cost estimate prepared for a phase C/D program spanning 72 months from initiation through first launch in 1997.

Analysis and Evaluation of the LANDSAT-4 MSS and TM Sensors and Ground Data Processing Systems: Early Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bernstein, R.; Lotspiech, J. B.

1985-01-01

The MSS and TM sensor performances were evaluated by studying both the sensors and the characteristics of the data. Information content analysis, image statistics, band-to-band registration, the presence of failed or failing detectors, and sensor resolution are discussed. The TM data were explored from the point of view of adequacy of the ground processing and improvements that could be made to compensate for sensor problems and deficiencies. Radiometric correction processing, compensation for a failed detector, and geometric correction processing are also considered.

Fluid Flow Technology that Measures Up

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

From 1994 to 1996, NASA s Marshall Space Flight Center conducted a Center Director's Discretionary Fund research effort to apply artificial intelligence technologies to the health management of plant equipment and space propulsion systems. Through this effort, NASA established a business relationship with Quality Monitoring and Control (QMC), of Kingwood, Texas, to provide hardware modeling and artificial intelligence tools. Very detailed and accurate Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) analysis and algorithms were jointly created, which identified several missing, critical instrumentation needs for adequately evaluating the engine health status. One of the missing instruments was a liquid oxygen (LOX) flow measurement. This instrument was missing since the original SSME included a LOX turbine flow meter that failed during a ground test, resulting in considerable damage for NASA. New balanced flow meter technology addresses this need with robust, safe, and accurate flow metering hardware.

Ground water security and drought in Africa: linking availability, access, and demand.

PubMed

Calow, Roger C; Macdonald, Alan M; Nicol, Alan L; Robins, Nick S

2010-01-01

Drought in Africa has been extensively researched, particularly from meteorological, agricultural, and food security perspectives. However, the impact of drought on water security, particularly ground water dependent rural water supplies, has received much less attention. Policy responses have concentrated on food needs, and it has often been difficult to mobilize resources for water interventions, despite evidence that access to safe water is a serious and interrelated concern. Studies carried out in Ghana, Malawi, South Africa, and Ethiopia highlight how rural livelihoods are affected by seasonal stress and longer-term drought. Declining access to food and water is a common and interrelated problem. Although ground water plays a vital role in buffering the effects of rainfall variability, water shortages and difficulties in accessing water that is available can affect domestic and productive water uses, with knock-on effects on food consumption and production. Total depletion of available ground water resources is rarely the main concern. A more common scenario is a spiral of water insecurity as shallow water sources fail, additional demands are put on remaining sources, and mechanical failures increase. These problems can be planned for within normal development programs. Water security mapping can help identify vulnerable areas, and changes to monitoring systems can ensure early detection of problems. Above all, increasing the coverage of ground water-based rural water supplies, and ensuring that the design and siting of water points is informed by an understanding of hydrogeological conditions and user demand, can significantly increase the resilience of rural communities to climate variability.

Design of a bistable electromagnetic coupling mechanism for underactuated manipulators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miyuranga Kaluarachchi, Malaka; Ho, Jee-Hou; Yahya, Samer; Teh, Sze-Hong

2018-07-01

Electromagnetic clutches have been widely used in underactuated lightweight manipulator designs as a coupling mechanism due to their advantages of fast activation and electrical controllability. However, an electromagnetic clutch consumes electrical energy continuously during its operation. Furthermore, conventional electromagnetic clutches are not fail-safe in unexpected power failure conditions. These factors have a significant impact on the energy efficiency and the safety of the design, and these are vital aspects for underactuated lightweight manipulators. This paper introduces a bistable electromagnetic coupling mechanism design, with reduced energy consumption and with a fail-safe mechanism. The concept of a bistable electromagnetic mechanism consists of an electromagnet with two permanent magnets. The design has the capability to maintain stable mechanism states, either engaged or disengaged, without a continuous electrical power supply, thus enhancing fail-safety and efficiency. Moreover, the design incorporates the advantages of conventional electromagnetic clutches such as rapid activation and electrical controllability. The experimental results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism in reducing electric energy consumption. Besides this, a theoretical model is developed and a good correlation is achieved between the theoretical and experimental results. The reduced electric energy consumption and fail-safe design make the bistable electromagnetic mechanism a promising concept for underactuated lightweight manipulators.

Hyaluronic acid-green tea catechin micellar nanocomplexes: Fail-safe cisplatin nanomedicine for the treatment of ovarian cancer without off-target toxicity.

PubMed

Bae, Ki Hyun; Tan, Susi; Yamashita, Atsushi; Ang, Wei Xia; Gao, Shu Jun; Wang, Shu; Chung, Joo Eun; Kurisawa, Motoichi

2017-12-01

The green tea catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), has gained significant attention as a potent adjuvant to enhance the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin while mitigating its harmful side effects. Herein we report the development of a fail-safe cisplatin nanomedicine constructed with hyaluronic acid-EGCG conjugate for ovarian cancer therapy. A simple mixing of this conjugate and cisplatin induces spontaneous self-assembly of micellar nanocomplexes having a spherical core-shell structure. The surface-exposed hyaluronic acid enables efficient delivery of cisplatin into CD44-overexpressing cancer cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis whereas the internally packed EGCG moieties offer an environment favorable for the encapsulation of cisplatin. In addition, the antioxidant effect of EGCG moieties ensures fail-safe protection against off-target organ toxicity originating from cisplatin-evoked oxidative stress. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies reveal the prolonged blood circulation and preferential tumor accumulation of intravenously administered nanocomplexes. Moreover, the nanocomplexes exhibit superior antitumor efficacy over free cisplatin while displaying no toxicity in both a subcutaneous xenograft model and peritoneal metastatic model of human ovarian cancer. Our findings demonstrate proof of concept for the feasibility of green tea catechin-based micellar nanocomplexes as a safe and effective cisplatin nanomedicine for ovarian cancer treatment. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Redundant electronic circuit provides fail-safe control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Archer, J. W.

1970-01-01

Circuit using dual control amplifiers and dual position demand potentiometers powered from separate sources is used for reliable hydraulic valve controller that prevents closure of valve when control circuits fail, and maintains valve control to close tolerance for more common modes of controller failure.

78 FR 20604 - Enhanced Document Requirements To Support Use of the Dolphin Safe Label on Tuna Products

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-05

... Commission Act for including a dolphin-safe label on tuna product in the United States that fails to meet the.... 130221153-3153-01] RIN 0648-BC78 Enhanced Document Requirements To Support Use of the Dolphin Safe Label on Tuna Products AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric...

Respiratory transfer value has fail-safe feature

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Puccinelli, A. A.; Smith, J. R., Jr.

1965-01-01

Quick-acting, remote controlled valve connects either one of two oxygen or air supplies to a breathing tube. The valve, which is fall-safe, incorporates a cammed piston arrangement that is driven by a remote controlled reversible rotary solenoid or reversible electric motor.

Improved Quick Disconnect (QD) Interface Through Fail Safe Parts Identification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blanch-Payne, Evelyn

2001-01-01

An extensive review of existing Quick Disconnects (QDs) mating and demating operations was performed to determine which shuttle part interface identifications and procedures contribute to human factor errors. The research methods used consisted of interviews with engineers and technicians, examination of incident reports, critiques of video and audio tapes of QD operations, and attendance of a Hyper QD operational course. The data strongly suggests that there are inherit human factor errors involved in QD operations. To promote fail-safe operations, QD interface problem areas and recommendations were outlined and reviewed. It is suggested that dialogue, investigations and recommendations continue.

Fail-safe storage rack for irradiated fuel rod assemblies

DOEpatents

Lewis, D.R.

1993-03-23

A fail-safe storage rack is provided for interim storage of spent but radioactive nuclear fuel rod assemblies. The rack consists of a checkerboard array of substantially square, elongate receiving tubes fully enclosed by a double walled container, the outer wall of which is imperforate for liquid containment and the inner wall of which is provided with perforations for admitting moderator liquid flow to the elongate receiving tubes, the liquid serving to take up waste heat from the stored nuclear assemblies and dissipate same to the ambient liquid reservoir. A perforated cover sealing the rack facilitates cooling liquid entry and dissipation.

Fail-safe storage rack for irradiated fuel rod assemblies

DOEpatents

Lewis, Donald R.

1993-01-01

A fail-safe storage rack is provided for interim storage of spent but radioactive nuclear fuel rod assemblies. The rack consists of a checkerboard array of substantially square, elongate receiving tubes fully enclosed by a double walled container, the outer wall of which is imperforate for liquid containment and the inner wall of which is provided with perforations for admitting moderator liquid flow to the elongate receiving tubes, the liquid serving to take up waste heat from the stored nuclear assemblies and dissipate same to the ambient liquid reservoir. A perforated cover sealing the rack facilitates cooling liquid entry and dissipation.

Fail-safe transcription termination: Because one is never enough.

PubMed

Lemay, Jean-François; Bachand, François

2015-01-01

Termination of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription is a fundamental step of gene expression that involves the release of the nascent transcript and dissociation of RNAPII from the DNA template. As transcription termination is intimately linked to RNA 3' end processing, termination pathways have a key decisive influence on the fate of the transcribed RNA. Quite remarkably, when reaching the 3' end of genes, a substantial fraction of RNAPII fail to terminate transcription, requiring the contribution of alternative or "fail-safe" mechanisms of termination to release the polymerase. This point of view covers redundant mechanisms of transcription termination and how they relate to conventional termination models. In particular, we expand on recent findings that propose a reverse torpedo model of termination, in which the 3'5' exonucleolytic activity of the RNA exosome targets transcription events associated with paused and backtracked RNAPII.

The Shuttle processing contractors (SPC) reliability program at the Kennedy Space Center - The real world

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McCrea, Terry

The Shuttle Processing Contract (SPC) workforce consists of Lockheed Space Operations Co. as prime contractor, with Grumman, Thiokol Corporation, and Johnson Controls World Services as subcontractors. During the design phase, reliability engineering is instrumental in influencing the development of systems that meet the Shuttle fail-safe program requirements. Reliability engineers accomplish this objective by performing FMEA (failure modes and effects analysis) to identify potential single failure points. When technology, time, or resources do not permit a redesign to eliminate a single failure point, the single failure point information is formatted into a change request and presented to senior management of SPC and NASA for risk acceptance. In parallel with the FMEA, safety engineering conducts a hazard analysis to assure that potential hazards to personnel are assessed. The combined effort (FMEA and hazard analysis) is published as a system assurance analysis. Special ground rules and techniques are developed to perform and present the analysis. The reliability program at KSC is vigorously pursued, and has been extremely successful. The ground support equipment and facilities used to launch and land the Space Shuttle maintain an excellent reliability record.

75 FR 26883 - Airworthiness Directives; Empresa Brasileira de Aeronautica S.A. (EMBRAER) Model ERJ 170 and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-13

... slat actuator structural failure (rupture) and its adjacent actuator torque limiter failing high... outboard slat actuator structural failure (rupture) and its adjacent actuator torque limiter failing high... requirements.'' Under that section, Congress charges the FAA with promoting safe flight of civil aircraft in...

77 FR 24362 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, Inc. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-24

... was prompted by reports of the air driven generator (ADG) failing to power essential buses during... essential buses which, in the event of an emergency, could prevent continued safe flight. DATES: This AD... prevent continued safe flight. This [TCCA] directive mandates the replacement of the ADG GCU. You may...

Modified hydraulic braking system limits angular deceleration to safe values

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Briggs, R. S.; Council, M.; Green, P. M.

1966-01-01

Conventional spring actuated, hydraulically released, fail-safe disk braking system is modified to control the angular deceleration of a massive antenna. The hydraulic system provides an immediate preset pressure to the spring-loaded brake shoes and holds it at this value to decelerate the antenna at the desired rate.

Braking System for Wind Turbines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Krysiak, J. E.; Webb, F. E.

1987-01-01

Operating turbine stopped smoothly by fail-safe mechanism. Windturbine braking systems improved by system consisting of two large steel-alloy disks mounted on high-speed shaft of gear box, and brakepad assembly mounted on bracket fastened to top of gear box. Lever arms (with brake pads) actuated by spring-powered, pneumatic cylinders connected to these arms. Springs give specific spring-loading constant and exert predetermined load onto brake pads through lever arms. Pneumatic cylinders actuated positively to compress springs and disengage brake pads from disks. During power failure, brakes automatically lock onto disks, producing highly reliable, fail-safe stops. System doubles as stopping brake and "parking" brake.

Crewed Space Vehicle Battery Safety Requirements Revision D

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Russell, Samuel

2017-01-01

The Crewed Space Vehicle Battery Safety Requirements document has been prepared for use by designers of battery-powered vehicles, portable equipment, and experiments intended for crewed spaceflight. The purpose of the requirements document is to provide battery designers with information on design provisions to be incorporated in and around the battery and on the verification to be undertaken to demonstrate a safe battery is provided. The term "safe battery" means that the battery is safe for ground personnel and crew members to handle and use; safe to be used in the enclosed environment of a crewed space vehicle; and safe to be mounted or used in unpressurized spaces adjacent to habitable areas. Battery design review, approval, and certification is required before the batteries can be used for ground operations and be certified for flight.

Establishment of design criteria for acceptable failure modes and fail safe considerations for the space shuttle structural system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Westrup, R. W.

1972-01-01

Investigations of fatigue life, and safe-life and fail-safe design concepts as applied to space shuttle structure are summarized. The results are evaluated to select recommended structural design criteria to provide assurance that premature failure due to propagation of undetected crack-like defects will not occur during shuttle operational service. The space shuttle booster, GDC configuration B-9U, is selected as the reference vehicle. Structural elements used as basis of detail analyses include wing spar caps, vertical stabilizer skins, crew compartment skin, orbiter support frame, and propellant tank shell structure. Fatigue life analyses of structural elements are performed to define potential problem areas and establish upper limits of operating stresses. Flaw growth analyses are summarized in parametric form over a range of initial flaw types and sizes, operating stresses and service life requirements. Service life of 100 to 500 missions is considered.

75 FR 21528 - Airworthiness Directives; McDonnell Douglas Corporation Model MD-90-30 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-26

... subsequently damage the hydraulic system and adversely affect the airplane's ability to make a safe landing... cylinder support fitting for the MLG failing during gear extension and subsequently damaging the hydraulic... the retract cylinder support fitting for the MLG, which could adversely affect the airplane's safe...

9 CFR 416.2 - Establishment grounds and facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... ACT SANITATION § 416.2 Establishment grounds and facilities. (a) Grounds and pest control. The grounds... place a pest management program to prevent the harborage and breeding of pests on the grounds and within establishment facilities. Pest control substances used must be safe and effective under the conditions of use...

9 CFR 416.2 - Establishment grounds and facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... ACT SANITATION § 416.2 Establishment grounds and facilities. (a) Grounds and pest control. The grounds... place a pest management program to prevent the harborage and breeding of pests on the grounds and within establishment facilities. Pest control substances used must be safe and effective under the conditions of use...

9 CFR 416.2 - Establishment grounds and facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... ACT SANITATION § 416.2 Establishment grounds and facilities. (a) Grounds and pest control. The grounds... place a pest management program to prevent the harborage and breeding of pests on the grounds and within establishment facilities. Pest control substances used must be safe and effective under the conditions of use...

Ground Handling of Batteries at Test and Launch-site Facilities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jeevarajan, Judith A.; Hohl, Alan R.

2008-01-01

Ground handling of flight as well as engineering batteries at test facilities and launch-site facilities is a safety critical process. Test equipment interfacing with the batteries should have the required controls to prevent a hazardous failure of the batteries. Test equipment failures should not induce catastrophic failures on the batteries. Transportation requirements for batteries should also be taken into consideration for safe transportation. This viewgraph presentation includes information on the safe handling of batteries for ground processing at test facilities as well as launch-site facilities.

Setting the Clock for Fail-Safe Early Embryogenesis.

PubMed

Fickentscher, Rolf; Struntz, Philipp; Weiss, Matthias

2016-10-28

The embryogenesis of the small nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a remarkably robust self-organization phenomenon. Cell migration trajectories in the early embryo, for example, are well explained by mechanical cues that push cells into positions where they experience the least repulsive forces. Yet, how this mechanically guided progress in development is properly timed has remained elusive so far. Here, we show that cell volumes and division times are strongly anticorrelated during the early embryogenesis of C. elegans with significant differences between somatic cells and precursors of the germline. Our experimental findings are explained by a simple model that in conjunction with mechanical guidance can account for the fail-safe early embryogenesis of C. elegans.

Agile Walking Robot

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Larimer, Stanley J.; Lisec, Thomas R.; Spiessbach, Andrew J.; Waldron, Kenneth J.

1990-01-01

Proposed agile walking robot operates over rocky, sandy, and sloping terrain. Offers stability and climbing ability superior to other conceptual mobile robots. Equipped with six articulated legs like those of insect, continually feels ground under leg before applying weight to it. If leg sensed unexpected object or failed to make contact with ground at expected point, seeks alternative position within radius of 20 cm. Failing that, robot halts, examines area around foot in detail with laser ranging imager, and replans entire cycle of steps for all legs before proceeding.

Neural Network Model for Thermal Inactivation of Salmonella Typhimurium to Elimination in Ground Chicken: Acquisition of Data by Whole Sample Enrichment, Miniature Most-Probable-Number Method.

PubMed

Oscar, T P

2017-01-01

Predictive models are valuable tools for assessing food safety. Existing thermal inactivation models for Salmonella and ground chicken do not provide predictions above 71°C, which is below the recommended final cooked temperature of 73.9°C for chicken. They also do not predict when all Salmonella are eliminated without extrapolating beyond the data used to develop them. Thus, a study was undertaken to develop a model for thermal inactivation of Salmonella to elimination in ground chicken at temperatures above those of existing models. Ground chicken thigh portions (0.76 cm 3 ) in microcentrifuge tubes were inoculated with 4.45 ± 0.25 log most probable number (MPN) of a single strain of Salmonella Typhimurium (chicken isolate). They were cooked at 50 to 100°C in 2 or 2.5°C increments in a heating block that simulated two-sided pan frying. A whole sample enrichment, miniature MPN (WSE-mMPN) method was used for enumeration. The lower limit of detection was one Salmonella cell per portion. MPN data were used to develop a multiple-layer feedforward neural network model. Model performance was evaluated using the acceptable prediction zone (APZ) method. The proportion of residuals in an APZ (pAPZ) from -1 log (fail-safe) to 0.5 log (fail-dangerous) was 0.911 (379 of 416) for dependent data and 0.910 (162 of 178) for independent data for interpolation. A pAPZ ≥0.7 indicated that model predictions had acceptable bias and accuracy. There were no local prediction problems because pAPZ for individual thermal inactivation curves ranged from 0.813 to 1.000. Independent data for interpolation satisfied the test data criteria of the APZ method. Thus, the model was successfully validated. Predicted times for a 1-log reduction ranged from 9.6 min at 56°C to 0.71 min at 100°C. Predicted times for elimination ranged from 8.6 min at 60°C to 1.4 min at 100°C. The model will be a valuable new tool for predicting and managing this important risk to public health.

Neural Network Model for Survival and Growth of Salmonella enterica Serotype 8,20:-:z6 in Ground Chicken Thigh Meat during Cold Storage: Extrapolation to Other Serotypes.

PubMed

Oscar, T P

2015-10-01

Mathematical models that predict the behavior of human bacterial pathogens in food are valuable tools for assessing and managing this risk to public health. A study was undertaken to develop a model for predicting the behavior of Salmonella enterica serotype 8,20:-:z6 in chicken meat during cold storage and to determine how well the model would predict the behavior of other serotypes of Salmonella stored under the same conditions. To develop the model, ground chicken thigh meat (0.75 cm(3)) was inoculated with 1.7 log Salmonella 8,20:-:z6 and then stored for 0 to 8 -8 to 16°C. An automated miniaturized most-probable-number (MPN) method was developed and used for the enumeration of Salmonella. Commercial software (Excel and the add-in program NeuralTools) was used to develop a multilayer feedforward neural network model with one hidden layer of two nodes. The performance of the model was evaluated using the acceptable prediction zone (APZ) method. The number of Salmonella in ground chicken thigh meat stayed the same (P > 0.05) during 8 days of storage at -8 to 8°C but increased (P < 0.05) during storage at 9°C (+0.6 log) to 16°C (+5.1 log). The proportion of residual values (observed minus predicted values) in an APZ (pAPZ) from -1 log (fail-safe) to 0.5 log (fail-dangerous) was 0.939 for the data (n = 426 log MPN values) used in the development of the model. The model had a pAPZ of 0.944 or 0.954 when it was extrapolated to test data (n = 108 log MPN per serotype) for other serotypes (S. enterica serotype Typhimurium var 5-, Kentucky, Typhimurium, and Thompson) of Salmonella in ground chicken thigh meat stored for 0 to 8 days at -4, 4, 12, or 16°C under the same experimental conditions. A pAPZ of ≥0.7 indicates that a model provides predictions with acceptable bias and accuracy. Thus, the results indicated that the model provided valid predictions of the survival and growth of Salmonella 8,20:-:z6 in ground chicken thigh meat stored for 0 to 8 days at -8 to 16°C and that the model was validated for extrapolation to four other serotypes of Salmonella.

Compendium of fracture mechanics problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stallworth, R.; Wilson, C.; Meyers, C.

1990-01-01

Fracture mechanics analysis results are presented from the following structures/components analyzed at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) between 1982 and 1989: space shuttle main engine (SSME), Hubble Space Telescope (HST), external tank attach ring, B-1 stand LOX inner tank, and solid rocket booster (SRB). Results from the SSME high pressure fuel turbopump (HPFTP) second stage blade parametric analysis determine a critical flaw size for a wide variety of stress intensity values. The engine 0212 failure analysis was a time dependent fracture life assessment. Results indicated that the disk ruptured due to an overspeed condition. Results also indicated that very small flaws in the curvic coupling area could propagate and lead to failure under normal operating conditions. It was strongly recommended that a nondestructive evaluation inspection schedule be implemented. The main ring of the HST, scheduled to launch in 1990, was analyzed by safe-life and fail-safe analyses. First safe-life inspection criteria curves for the ring inner and outer skins and the fore and aft channels were derived. Afterwards the skins and channels were determined to be fail-safe by analysis. A conservative safe-life analysis was done on the 270 redesign external tank attach ring. Results from the analysis were used to determine the nondestructive evaluation technique required.

77 FR 61027 - Notice of Lodging of Proposed Consent Decree Under the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-05

... Decree resolves alleged violations of the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act at mobile home... provide drinking water at a number of its mobile home parks and illegally discharged sewage, failed to... environmental audits at each mobile home park, implementing corrective measures, conducting regular inspections...

29 CFR 1926.351 - Arc welding and cutting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... equivalent insulation. (c) Ground returns and machine grounding. (1) A ground return cable shall have a safe... electrical contact exists at all joints. The generation of an arc, sparks, or heat at any point shall cause...

29 CFR 1926.351 - Arc welding and cutting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... equivalent insulation. (c) Ground returns and machine grounding. (1) A ground return cable shall have a safe... electrical contact exists at all joints. The generation of an arc, sparks, or heat at any point shall cause...

29 CFR 1926.351 - Arc welding and cutting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... equivalent insulation. (c) Ground returns and machine grounding. (1) A ground return cable shall have a safe... electrical contact exists at all joints. The generation of an arc, sparks, or heat at any point shall cause...

29 CFR 1926.351 - Arc welding and cutting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... equivalent insulation. (c) Ground returns and machine grounding. (1) A ground return cable shall have a safe... electrical contact exists at all joints. The generation of an arc, sparks, or heat at any point shall cause...

29 CFR 1926.351 - Arc welding and cutting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... equivalent insulation. (c) Ground returns and machine grounding. (1) A ground return cable shall have a safe... electrical contact exists at all joints. The generation of an arc, sparks, or heat at any point shall cause...

The case for fire safe cigarettes made through industry documents

PubMed Central

Gunja, M; Wayne, G; Landman, A; Connolly, G; McGuire, A

2002-01-01

Objectives: To examine the extensive research undertaken by the tobacco industry over the past 25 years toward development of a fire safe cigarette. Methods: Research was conducted through a web based search of internal tobacco industry documents made publicly available through the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement. Results: The documents reveal that the tobacco industry produced a fire safe cigarette years ago, but failed to put it on the market. These findings contradict public industry claims that denied the technical feasibility and commercial acceptability of fire safe cigarettes. Internal documents also reveal a decades long, coordinated political strategy used to block proposed legislation and obfuscate the fire safe issue. Conclusions: Federal legislation mandating fire safe cigarettes is needed. PMID:12432160

Grounds Maintenance Evaluation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chesapeake Public Schools, VA. Office of Program Evaluation.

The Grounds Shop of the Chesapeake Public School Division (Virginia) Department of School Plants was evaluated in 1995-96. The goals of the grounds maintenance program are to provide safe and attractive grounds for students, parents, and staff of the school district. The evaluation examined the extent to which these goals are being met by using…

46 CFR 184.300 - Ground tackle and mooring lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Ground tackle and mooring lines. 184.300 Section 184.300... Ground tackle and mooring lines. A vessel must be fitted with ground tackle and mooring lines necessary for the vessel to be safely anchored or moored. The ground tackle and mooring lines provided must be...

46 CFR 184.300 - Ground tackle and mooring lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Ground tackle and mooring lines. 184.300 Section 184.300... Ground tackle and mooring lines. A vessel must be fitted with ground tackle and mooring lines necessary for the vessel to be safely anchored or moored. The ground tackle and mooring lines provided must be...

10 CFR 100.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... input at the oscillators' supports. Safe Shutdown Earthquake Ground Motion is the vibratory ground... forces. Tectonic surface deformation is associated with earthquake processes. Testing reactor means a...

10 CFR 100.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... input at the oscillators' supports. Safe Shutdown Earthquake Ground Motion is the vibratory ground... forces. Tectonic surface deformation is associated with earthquake processes. Testing reactor means a...

Method and apparatus for in-cell vacuuming of radiologically contaminated materials

DOEpatents

Spadaro, Peter R.; Smith, Jay E.; Speer, Elmer L.; Cecconi, Arnold L.

1987-01-01

A vacuum air flow operated cyclone separator arrangement for collecting, handling and packaging loose contaminated material in accordance with acceptable radiological and criticality control requirements. The vacuum air flow system includes a specially designed fail-safe prefilter installed upstream of the vacuum air flow power supply. The fail-safe prefilter provides in-cell vacuum system flow visualization and automatically reduces or shuts off the vacuum air flow in the event of an upstream prefilter failure. The system is effective for collecting and handling highly contaminated radiological waste in the form of dust, dirt, fuel element fines, metal chips and similar loose material in accordance with radiological and criticality control requirements for disposal by means of shipment and burial.

Facility Systems, Ground Support Systems, and Ground Support Equipment General Design Requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thaxton, Eric A.; Mathews, Roger E.

2014-01-01

This standard establishes requirements and guidance for design and fabrication of ground systems (GS) that includes: ground support equipment (GSE), ground support systems (GSS), and facility ground support systems (F GSS) to provide uniform methods and processes for design and development of robust, safe, reliable, maintainable, supportable, and cost-effective GS in support of space flight and institutional programs and projects.

Enhanced Flight Vision Systems Operational Feasibility Study Using Radar and Infrared Sensors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Etherington, Timothy J.; Kramer, Lynda J.; Severance, Kurt; Bailey, Randall E.; Williams, Steven P.; Harrison, Stephanie J.

2015-01-01

Approach and landing operations during periods of reduced visibility have plagued aircraft pilots since the beginning of aviation. Although techniques are currently available to mitigate some of the visibility conditions, these operations are still ultimately limited by the pilot's ability to "see" required visual landing references (e.g., markings and/or lights of threshold and touchdown zone) and require significant and costly ground infrastructure. Certified Enhanced Flight Vision Systems (EFVS) have shown promise to lift the obscuration veil. They allow the pilot to operate with enhanced vision, in lieu of natural vision, in the visual segment to enable equivalent visual operations (EVO). An aviation standards document was developed with industry and government consensus for using an EFVS for approach, landing, and rollout to a safe taxi speed in visibilities as low as 300 feet runway visual range (RVR). These new standards establish performance, integrity, availability, and safety requirements to operate in this regime without reliance on a pilot's or flight crew's natural vision by use of a fail-operational EFVS. A pilot-in-the-loop high-fidelity motion simulation study was conducted at NASA Langley Research Center to evaluate the operational feasibility, pilot workload, and pilot acceptability of conducting straight-in instrument approaches with published vertical guidance to landing, touchdown, and rollout to a safe taxi speed in visibility as low as 300 feet RVR by use of vision system technologies on a head-up display (HUD) without need or reliance on natural vision. Twelve crews flew various landing and departure scenarios in 1800, 1000, 700, and 300 RVR. This paper details the non-normal results of the study including objective and subjective measures of performance and acceptability. The study validated the operational feasibility of approach and departure operations and success was independent of visibility conditions. Failures were handled within the lateral confines of the runway for all conditions tested. The fail-operational concept with pilot in the loop needs further study.

Pushover, Response Spectrum and Time History Analyses of Safe Rooms in a Poor Performance Masonry Building

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mazloom, M.

2008-07-08

The idea of safe room has been developed for decreasing the earthquake casualties in masonry buildings. The information obtained from the previous ground motions occurring in seismic zones expresses the lack of enough safety of these buildings against earthquakes. For this reason, an attempt has been made to create some safe areas inside the existing masonry buildings, which are called safe rooms. The practical method for making these safe areas is to install some prefabricated steel frames in some parts of the existing structure. These frames do not carry any service loads before an earthquake. However, if a devastating earthquakemore » happens and the load bearing walls of the building are destroyed, some parts of the floors, which are in the safe areas, will fall on the roof of the installed frames and the occupants who have sheltered there will survive. This paper presents the performance of these frames located in a destroying three storey masonry building with favorable conclusions. In fact, the experimental pushover diagram of the safe room located at the ground-floor level of this building is compared with the analytical results and it is concluded that pushover analysis is a good method for seismic performance evaluation of safe rooms. For time history analysis the 1940 El Centro, the 2003 Bam, and the 1990 Manjil earthquake records with the maximum peak accelerations of 0.35g were utilized. Also the design spectrum of Iranian Standard No. 2800-05 for the ground kind 2 is used for response spectrum analysis. The results of time history, response spectrum and pushover analyses show that the strength and displacement capacity of the steel frames are adequate to accommodate the distortions generated by seismic loads and aftershocks properly.« less

Worcester 1 Inch Solenoid Actuated Gas Operated SCHe System Valves

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

MISKA, C.R.

1 inch gas-operated full-port ball valves incorporate a solenoid and limit switches as integral parts of the actuator. These valves are normally open and fail safe to the open position (GOV-1*02 and 1*06 fail closed) to provide a flow path of helium gas to the MCO under helium purge and off-normal conditions when the MCO is isolated.

Worcester 1 Inch Solenoid Actuated Gas Operated SCHe System Valves

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

VAN KATWIJK, C.

1 inch Gas-operated full-port ball valves incorporate a solenoid and limit switches as integral parts of the actuator. These valves are normally open and fail safe to the open position (GOV-1*02 and 1*06 fail closed) to provide a flow path of helium gas to the MCO under helium purge and off-normal conditions when the MCO is isolated.

Access to safe abortion: progress and challenges since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD).

PubMed

Shah, Iqbal H; Åhman, Elisabeth; Ortayli, Nuriye

2014-12-01

The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) viewed access to safe abortion as imperative for public health. Globally, the number of induced abortions (safe and unsafe) per 1000 women aged 15-44 years declined from 35 in 1995 to 28 in 2008. The number of deaths due to unsafe abortion declined from 69,000 in 1990 to 47,000 in 2008, as safe and effective methods of abortion, including manual vacuum aspiration and medical abortion, became more widely available. During the same period, there was a slight increase in the number of countries where abortion is permitted on request, and 70 countries made grounds for abortion more liberal. Since ICPD, the decline in unsafe abortion was slower than that in safe abortion, and unsafe-abortion-related mortality continued to be a problem. Nearly all unsafe abortions and mortality occur in developing countries. While more must be done to ensure universal access to safe, acceptable and affordable contraception to reduce the need for abortion, this need will always exist. Information on grounds for safe abortion should be made widely available for women to access services to which they are legally entitled to. As recommended by ICPD, quality postabortion care including contraception counseling and provision should be available to all women, regardless of the legal grounds for abortion. The paper provides the evidence on unsafe abortion, a reproductive health issue that is entirely preventable but has been largely neglected or tarnished by emotional and contentious debates. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Alpha-Proton-X-ray Spectrometer deployment mechanism: an anthropomorphic approach to sensor placement on Martian rocks and soil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blomquist, Richard S.

1995-05-01

On July 4,1997, the Mars Pathfinder spacecraft lands on Mars and starts conducting technological and scientific experiments. One experiment, the Alpha-Proton-X-ray Spectrometer, uses a sensor head placed against rocks and soil to determine their composition. To guarantee proper placement, a deployment mechanism mounted on the Mars Rover aligns the sensor head to within 20 deg of the rock and soil surfaces. In carrying out its task, the mechanism mimics the action of a human hand and arm. Consisting of a flexible wrist, a parallel link arm, a brush dc motor actuator, and a revolutionary non-pyrotechnic fail-safe release device, the mechanism correctly positions the sensor head on rocks as high as 0.29 m and on targets whose surfaces are tilted as much as 45 deg from the nominal orientation of the sensor head face. The mechanism weighs less than 0.5 kg, can withstand 100 g's, and requires less than 2.8 N x m of actuation torque. The fail-safe coupler utilizes Cerrobend, a metal alloy that melts at 60 C, to fuse the actuator and the rest of the mechanism together. A film heater wrapped around the coupler melts the metal, and Negator springs drive the mechanism into its stowed position. The fail-safe actuates using 6.75 Watts for 5 minutes in the event of an actuator failure.

The Alpha-Proton-X-ray Spectrometer deployment mechanism: An anthropomorphic approach to sensor placement on Martian rocks and soil

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blomquist, Richard S.

1995-01-01

On July 4,1997, the Mars Pathfinder spacecraft lands on Mars and starts conducting technological and scientific experiments. One experiment, the Alpha-Proton-X-ray Spectrometer, uses a sensor head placed against rocks and soil to determine their composition. To guarantee proper placement, a deployment mechanism mounted on the Mars Rover aligns the sensor head to within 20 deg of the rock and soil surfaces. In carrying out its task, the mechanism mimics the action of a human hand and arm. Consisting of a flexible wrist, a parallel link arm, a brush dc motor actuator, and a revolutionary non-pyrotechnic fail-safe release device, the mechanism correctly positions the sensor head on rocks as high as 0.29 m and on targets whose surfaces are tilted as much as 45 deg from the nominal orientation of the sensor head face. The mechanism weighs less than 0.5 kg, can withstand 100 g's, and requires less than 2.8 N x m of actuation torque. The fail-safe coupler utilizes Cerrobend, a metal alloy that melts at 60 C, to fuse the actuator and the rest of the mechanism together. A film heater wrapped around the coupler melts the metal, and Negator springs drive the mechanism into its stowed position. The fail-safe actuates using 6.75 Watts for 5 minutes in the event of an actuator failure.

SCHOOL SAFETY EDUCATION CHECKLIST--ADMINISTRATION, INSTRUCTION, PROTECTION.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Education Association, Washington, DC.

THIS CHECKLIST IS AN EVALUATIVE TOOL FOR PLANNING PROGRAM IMPROVEMENT. PURPOSING TO STIMULATE THOUGHT AND ACTION ON PROBLEMS OF SAFETY EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS, IT IS DESIGNED TO ENCOURAGE INSPECTIONS OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS FOR (1) SAFE CONDITIONS OF STRUCTURES, GROUNDS, AND EQUIPMENT, (2) SAFE PRACTICES, AND (3) OPTIMUM USE OF THESE SAFE PRACTICES IN…

46 CFR 121.300 - Ground tackle and mooring lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Ground tackle and mooring lines. 121.300 Section 121.300... MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT Mooring and Towing Equipment § 121.300 Ground tackle and mooring lines. A vessel must be fitted with ground tackle and mooring lines necessary for the vessel to be safely anchored...

46 CFR 121.300 - Ground tackle and mooring lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Ground tackle and mooring lines. 121.300 Section 121.300... MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT Mooring and Towing Equipment § 121.300 Ground tackle and mooring lines. A vessel must be fitted with ground tackle and mooring lines necessary for the vessel to be safely anchored...

Reconstruction of the gastric passage by a side-to-side gastrogastrostomy after failed vertical-banded gastroplasty: a case report

PubMed Central

Soll, Christopher; Müller, Markus K; Wildi, Stefan; Clavien, Pierre-Alain; Weber, Markus

2008-01-01

Introduction Vertical-banded gastroplasty, a technique that is commonly performed in the treatment of morbid obesity, represents a nonadjustable restrictive procedure which reduces the volume of the upper stomach by a vertical stapler line. In addition, a textile or silicone band restricts food passage through the stomach. Case presentation A 71-year-old woman presented with a severe gastric stenosis 11 years after vertical gastroplasty. We describe a side-to-side gastrogastrostomy as a safe surgical procedure to restore the physiological gastric passage after failed vertical-banded gastroplasty. Conclusion Occasionally, restrictive procedures for morbid obesity cannot be converted into an alternative bariatric procedure to maintain weight control. This report demonstrates that a side-to-side gastrogastrostomy is a feasible and safe procedure. PMID:18513454

A fully integrated new paradigm for lithium’s mode of action – lithium utilizes latent cellular fail-safe mechanisms

PubMed Central

van Woerkom, Arthur Ernst

2017-01-01

It is proposed that lithium’s therapeutic effects occur indirectly by augmenting a cascade of protective “fail-safe” pathways pre-configured to activate in response to a dangerous low cell [Mg++] situation, eg, posttraumatic brain injury, alongside relative cell adenosine triphosphate depletion. Lithium activates cell protection, as it neatly mimics a lowered intracellular [Mg++] level. PMID:28203080

Child Feces Disposal Practices in Rural Orissa: A Cross Sectional Study

PubMed Central

Majorin, Fiona; Freeman, Matthew C.; Barnard, Sharmani; Routray, Parimita; Boisson, Sophie; Clasen, Thomas

2014-01-01

Background An estimated 2.5 billion people worldwide lack access to improved sanitation facilities. While large-scale programs in some countries have increased latrine coverage, they sometimes fail to ensure optimal latrine use, including the safe disposal of child feces, a significant source of exposure to fecal pathogens. We undertook a cross-sectional study to explore fecal disposal practices among children in rural Orissa, India in villages where the Government of India's Total Sanitation Campaign had been implemented at least three years prior to the study. Methods and Findings We conducted surveys with heads of 136 households with 145 children under 5 years of age in 20 villages. We describe defecation and feces disposal practices and explore associations between safe disposal and risk factors. Respondents reported that children commonly defecated on the ground, either inside the household (57.5%) for pre-ambulatory children or around the compound (55.2%) for ambulatory children. Twenty percent of pre-ambulatory children used potties and nappies; the same percentage of ambulatory children defecated in a latrine. While 78.6% of study children came from 106 households with a latrine, less than a quarter (22.8%) reported using them for disposal of child feces. Most child feces were deposited with other household waste, both for pre-ambulatory (67.5%) and ambulatory (58.1%) children. After restricting the analysis to households owning a latrine, the use of a nappy or potty was associated with safe disposal of feces (OR 6.72, 95%CI 1.02–44.38) though due to small sample size the regression could not adjust for confounders. Conclusions In the area surveyed, the Total Sanitation Campaign has not led to high levels of safe disposal of child feces. Further research is needed to identify the actual scope of this potential gap in programming, the health risk presented and interventions to minimize any adverse effect. PMID:24586864

Child feces disposal practices in rural Orissa: a cross sectional study.

PubMed

Majorin, Fiona; Freeman, Matthew C; Barnard, Sharmani; Routray, Parimita; Boisson, Sophie; Clasen, Thomas

2014-01-01

An estimated 2.5 billion people worldwide lack access to improved sanitation facilities. While large-scale programs in some countries have increased latrine coverage, they sometimes fail to ensure optimal latrine use, including the safe disposal of child feces, a significant source of exposure to fecal pathogens. We undertook a cross-sectional study to explore fecal disposal practices among children in rural Orissa, India in villages where the Government of India's Total Sanitation Campaign had been implemented at least three years prior to the study. We conducted surveys with heads of 136 households with 145 children under 5 years of age in 20 villages. We describe defecation and feces disposal practices and explore associations between safe disposal and risk factors. Respondents reported that children commonly defecated on the ground, either inside the household (57.5%) for pre-ambulatory children or around the compound (55.2%) for ambulatory children. Twenty percent of pre-ambulatory children used potties and nappies; the same percentage of ambulatory children defecated in a latrine. While 78.6% of study children came from 106 households with a latrine, less than a quarter (22.8%) reported using them for disposal of child feces. Most child feces were deposited with other household waste, both for pre-ambulatory (67.5%) and ambulatory (58.1%) children. After restricting the analysis to households owning a latrine, the use of a nappy or potty was associated with safe disposal of feces (OR 6.72, 95%CI 1.02-44.38) though due to small sample size the regression could not adjust for confounders. In the area surveyed, the Total Sanitation Campaign has not led to high levels of safe disposal of child feces. Further research is needed to identify the actual scope of this potential gap in programming, the health risk presented and interventions to minimize any adverse effect.

SafeNet: a methodology for integrating general-purpose unsafe devices in safe-robot rehabilitation systems.

PubMed

Vicentini, Federico; Pedrocchi, Nicola; Malosio, Matteo; Molinari Tosatti, Lorenzo

2014-09-01

Robot-assisted neurorehabilitation often involves networked systems of sensors ("sensory rooms") and powerful devices in physical interaction with weak users. Safety is unquestionably a primary concern. Some lightweight robot platforms and devices designed on purpose include safety properties using redundant sensors or intrinsic safety design (e.g. compliance and backdrivability, limited exchange of energy). Nonetheless, the entire "sensory room" shall be required to be fail-safe and safely monitored as a system at large. Yet, sensor capabilities and control algorithms used in functional therapies require, in general, frequent updates or re-configurations, making a safety-grade release of such devices hardly sustainable in cost-effectiveness and development time. As such, promising integrated platforms for human-in-the-loop therapies could not find clinical application and manufacturing support because of lacking in the maintenance of global fail-safe properties. Under the general context of cross-machinery safety standards, the paper presents a methodology called SafeNet for helping in extending the safety rate of Human Robot Interaction (HRI) systems using unsafe components, including sensors and controllers. SafeNet considers, in fact, the robotic system as a device at large and applies the principles of functional safety (as in ISO 13489-1) through a set of architectural procedures and implementation rules. The enabled capability of monitoring a network of unsafe devices through redundant computational nodes, allows the usage of any custom sensors and algorithms, usually planned and assembled at therapy planning-time rather than at platform design-time. A case study is presented with an actual implementation of the proposed methodology. A specific architectural solution is applied to an example of robot-assisted upper-limb rehabilitation with online motion tracking. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fail-safe numerical control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thompson, G. A.

1970-01-01

System provides duplicate set of control logic circuitry. Comparators insure that the same data is present in both circuits. If any discrepancy is found, the machine is automatically stopped, before damage can occur.

14 CFR Appendix L to Part 141 - Pilot Ground School Course

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Pilot Ground School Course L Appendix L to Part 141 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED... ground school must include training on the aeronautical knowledge areas that are: (a) Needed to safely...

14 CFR Appendix L to Part 141 - Pilot Ground School Course

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Pilot Ground School Course L Appendix L to Part 141 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED... ground school must include training on the aeronautical knowledge areas that are: (a) Needed to safely...

'Safe passage': pregnant Iranian Kurdish women's choice of childbirth method.

PubMed

Shahoei, Roonak; Riji, Haliza Mohd; Saeedi, Zhila Abed

2011-10-01

This article is a report of a grounded theory study of the influence of emotions on women's selection of a method of childbirth. There is substantial evidence to indicate that a pregnant woman's emotions play an important role in the decision-making process of selecting a child delivery method. Despite this, however, there is a notable lack of research about the relationship between pregnant women's emotions and their choice of a childbirth method in developing countries. A qualitative study using the grounded theory approach was conducted. The data were collected from 22 Iranian Kurdish pregnant women in their third trimester using semi-structured interviews. Concurrent data collection and analysis took place between 2008 and 2009. A cumulative process of theoretical sampling and constant comparison was used to identify concepts and then expand, validate, and clarify them. The substantive grounded theory that was identified from data analysis was 'safe passage'. 'Safe passage' involved five phases that were not mutually exclusive in their occurrence. The five phases of the 'safe passage' theory that were identified from the data analysis were: 'safety of baby', 'fear', 'previous experience', 'social support' and 'faith'. The goal of 'safe passage' was to achieve a healthy delivery and to ensure the health of the newborn. 'Safe passage' was a process used to determine how the emotions of pregnant Iranian Kurdish women influenced their choice of the mode of child delivery. More research is needed in this field to develop a body of knowledge beneficial to midwifery education and practice. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Low ground clearance vehicle detection and warning.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-06-01

A Low Ground Clearance Vehicle Detection : System (LGCVDS) determines if a commercial : motor vehicle can successfully clear a highwayrail : grade crossing and notifies the driver when : his or her vehicle cannot safely traverse the : crossing. That ...

Scalable and fail-safe deployment of the ATLAS Distributed Data Management system Rucio

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lassnig, M.; Vigne, R.; Beermann, T.; Barisits, M.; Garonne, V.; Serfon, C.

2015-12-01

This contribution details the deployment of Rucio, the ATLAS Distributed Data Management system. The main complication is that Rucio interacts with a wide variety of external services, and connects globally distributed data centres under different technological and administrative control, at an unprecedented data volume. It is therefore not possible to create a duplicate instance of Rucio for testing or integration. Every software upgrade or configuration change is thus potentially disruptive and requires fail-safe software and automatic error recovery. Rucio uses a three-layer scaling and mitigation strategy based on quasi-realtime monitoring. This strategy mainly employs independent stateless services, automatic failover, and service migration. The technologies used for deployment and mitigation include OpenStack, Puppet, Graphite, HAProxy and Apache. In this contribution, the interplay between these components, their deployment, software mitigation, and the monitoring strategy are discussed.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bai, Xian-Xu, E-mail: bai@hfut.edu.cn; Wereley, Norman M.

Magnetorheological (MR) energy absorbers (EAs) are an effective adaptive EA technology with which to maximize shock and vibration isolation. However, to realize maximum performance of the semi-active control system, the off-state (i.e., field off) stroking load of the MREA must be minimized at all speeds, and the dynamic range of the MREA must be maximized at high speed. This study presents a fail-safe MREA (MREA-FS) concept that, can produce a greater dynamic range at all piston speeds. A bias damping force is generated in the MREA-FS using permanent magnetic fields, which enables fail-safe behavior in the case of power failure.more » To investigate the feasibility and capability of the MREA-FS in the context of the semi-active control systems, a single-degree-of-freedom base excited rigid payload is mathematically constructed and simulated with skyhook control.« less

Time-saving and fail-safe dissection method for vestibulocochlear organs in gross anatomy classes.

PubMed

Suzuki, Ryoji; Konno, Naoaki; Ishizawa, Akimitsu; Kanatsu, Yoshinori; Funakoshi, Kodai; Akashi, Hideo; Zhou, Ming; Abe, Hiroshi

2017-09-01

Because the vestibulocochlear organs are tiny and complex, and are covered by the petrous part of the temporal bone, they are very difficult for medical students to dissect and visualize during gross anatomy classes. Here, we report a time-saving and fail-safe procedure we have devised, using a hand-held hobby router. Nine en bloc temporal bone samples from donated human cadavers were used as trial materials for devising an appropriate procedure for dissecting the vestibulocochlear organs. A hand-held hobby router was used to cut through the temporal bone. After trials, the most time-saving and fail-safe method was selected. The performance of the selected method was assessed by a survey of 242 sides of 121 cadavers during gross anatomy classes for vestibulocochlear dissection. The assessment was based on the observation ratio. The best procedure appeared to be removal of the external acoustic meatus roof and tympanic cavity roof together with removal of the internal acoustic meatus roof. The whole procedure was completed within two dissection classes, each lasting 4.5 hr. The ratio of surveillance for the chorda tympani and three semicircular canals by students was significantly improved during 2013 through 2016. In our dissection class, "removal of the external acoustic meatus roof and tympanic cavity roof together with removal of the internal acoustic meatus roof" was the best procedure for students in the limited time available. Clin. Anat. 30:703-710, 2017. © 2017Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

40 CFR 152.99 - Petitions to cancel registration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... purportedly has failed to satisfy. (a) Grounds for petition. (1) If an applicant has offered to pay compensation to an original data submitter of a study (either specifically or by filing a general offer to pay... decision, and describe how the applicant has failed to comply with the decision. (2) When no offer to pay...

Rapid Propellant Loading Approach Exploration

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-11-01

the impact upon ground operations of three configuration options. Ground operations management was addressed through a series of studies performed...and operations management system can enable safe rapid propellant loading operations with limited operator knowledge and involvement. A single

Fail-safe fire detection system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bloam, E. T.

1974-01-01

Fire detection control system continually monitors its own integrity, automatically signals any malfunction, and separately signals fire in any zone being monitored. Should be of interest in fields of chemical and petroleum processing, power generation, equipment testing, and building protection.

Design, Qualification and Lessons Learned of the Shutter Calibration Mechanism for EnMAP Mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmidt, Tilo; Muller, Silvio; Bergander, Arvid; Zajac, Kai; Seifart, Klaus

2015-09-01

The Shutter Calibration Mechanism (SCM) Assembly is one of three mechanisms which are developed by HTS for the EnMAP instrument in subcontract to OHB System AG Munich. EnMAP is the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program of the German Space Agency DLR.The binary rotary encoder of the SCM using hall-effect sensors was already presented during ESMATS 2011. This paper summarizes the main functions and design features of the Hardware and focuses on qualification testing which has finished successfully in 2014. Of particular interest is the functional testing of the main drive including the precise hall-effect position sensing system and the test of the fail safe mechanism. In addition to standard test campaign required for QM also a shock emission measurement of the fail safe mechanism activation was conducted.Test conduction and results will be presented with focus on deviations from the expected behaviour, mitigation measures and on lessons learned.

CAT-tailing as a fail-safe mechanism for efficient degradation of stalled nascent polypeptides

PubMed Central

Kostova, Kamena K.; Hickey, Kelsey L.; Osuna, Beatriz A.; Hussmann, Jeffrey A.; Frost, Adam; Weinberg, David E.; Weissman, Jonathan S.

2017-01-01

Ribosome stalling leads to recruitment of the Ribosome Quality control Complex (RQC), which targets the partially synthesized polypeptide for proteasomal degradation through the action of the ubiquitin ligase Ltn1p. A second core RQC component, Rqc2p, modifies the nascent polypeptide by adding a Carboxy-terminal Alanine and Threonine (CAT) tail through a non-canonical elongation reaction. Here we explore the role of CATtailing in nascent-chain degradation in budding yeast. We show that Ltn1p can efficiently access only nascent chain lysines immediately proximal to the ribosome exit tunnel. For substrates without Ltn1p-accessible lysines, CAT-tailing enables degradation by exposing lysines sequestered in the ribosome exit tunnel. Thus, CAT-tails do not serve as a degron, but rather provide a fail-safe mechanism that expands the range of RQC-degradable substrates. PMID:28751611

The Development and Implementation of Ground Safety Requirements for Project Orion Abort Flight Testing - A Case Study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kirkpatrick, Paul D.; Williams, Jeffrey G.; Condzella, Bill R.

2008-01-01

A rigorous set of detailed ground safety requirements is required to make sure that ground support equipment (GSE) and associated planned ground operations are conducted safely. Detailed ground safety requirements supplement the GSE requirements already called out in NASA-STD-5005. This paper will describe the initial genesis of these ground safety requirements, the establishment and approval process and finally the implementation process for Project Orion. The future of the requirements will also be described. Problems and issues encountered and overcame will be discussed.

Safe Affordable Fission Engine-(SAFE-) 100a Heat Exchanger Thermal and Structural Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Steeve, B. E.

2005-01-01

A potential fission power system for in-space missions is a heat pipe-cooled reactor coupled to a Brayton cycle. In this system, a heat exchanger (HX) transfers the heat of the reactor core to the Brayton gas. The Safe Affordable Fission Engine- (SAFE-) 100a is a test program designed to thermally and hydraulically simulate a 95 Btu/s prototypic heat pipe-cooled reactor using electrical resistance heaters on the ground. This Technical Memorandum documents the thermal and structural assessment of the HX used in the SAFE-100a program.

Flight test and evaluation of Omega navigation for general aviation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hwoschinsky, P. V.

1975-01-01

A seventy hour flight test program was performed to determine the suitability and accuracy of a low cost Omega navigation receiver in a general aviation aircraft. An analysis was made of signal availability in two widely separated geographic areas. Comparison is made of the results of these flights with other navigation systems. Conclusions drawn from the test experience indicate that developmental system improvement is necessary before a competent fail safe or fail soft area navigation system is offered to general aviation.

Safely Enabling UAS Operations in Low-Altitude Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopardekar, Parimal H.

2016-01-01

Flexibility where possible, and structure where necessary. Consider the needs of national security, safe airspace operations, economic opportunities, and emerging technologies. Risk-based approach based on population density, assets on the ground, density of operations, etc. Digital, virtual, dynamic, and as needed UTM services to manage operations.

The Safe Drinking Water Act First 180 Days

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lehr, Jay H.

1975-01-01

The Safe Drinking Water Act protects our drinking and ground water resources. The Water Advisory Council interprets and implements the law. Implementation principles include high priorities for public health, cost considerations, state and local participation, environmental impact, decentralized decision making, and use of federal and state…

Safe Physical Activity Environments--To What Extent Are Local Government Authorities Auditing the Safety of Grassed Sporting Grounds?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Otago, Leonie; Swan, Peter; Donaldson, Alex; Payne, Warren; Finch, Caroline

2009-01-01

Physical activity (PA) participation is influenced by the safety of the settings in which it is undertaken. This study describes the grounds assessment practices of Local Government Authorities (LGAs) in Victoria, Australia to ensure the safety of grassed sporting grounds. It also makes recommendations for improving these practices to maximise the…

Collapsable seal member

DOEpatents

Sherrell, Dennis L.

1990-01-01

A hollow, collapsable seal member normally disposed in a natural expanded state offering fail-safe pressure sealing against a seating surface and adapted to be evacuated by a vacuum force for collapsing the seal member to disengage the same from said seating surface.

Collapsable seal member

DOEpatents

Sherrell, D.L.

1983-12-08

A hollow, collapsable seal member normally disposed in a natural expanded state offering fail-safe pressure sealing against a seating surface and adapted to be evacuated by a vacuum force for collapsing the seal member to disengage the same from said seating surface.

Use of Microgravity to Assess the Effects of El Nino on Ground-Water Storage in Southern Arizona

USGS Publications Warehouse

Parker, John T.C.; Pool, Donald R.

1998-01-01

The availability of ground water is of extreme importance in areas, such as southern Arizona, where it is the main supply for agricultural, industrial, or domestic purposes. Where ground-water use exceeds recharge, monitoring is critical for managing water supplies. Typically, monitoring has been done by measuring water levels in wells; however, this technique only partially describes ground-water conditions in a basin. A new application of geophysical technology is enabling U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists to measure changes in the amount of water in an aquifer using a network of microgravity stations. This technique enables a direct measurement of ground-water depletion and recharge. In Tucson, Arizona, residents have relied solely upon ground water for most of their needs since the 19th century. Water levels in some wells in the Tucson area have declined more than 200 ft in the past 50 years. Similar drops in water levels have occurred elsewhere in Arizona. In response to the overdrafting of ground water, the State of Arizona passed legislation designed to attain 'safe yield,' which is defined as a balance between ground-water withdrawals and annual recharge of aquifers. To monitor progress in complying with the legislation, ground-water withdrawals are measured and estimated, and annual recharge is estimated. The Tucson Basin and Avra Valley are two ground-water basins that form the Tucson Active Management Area (TAMA), which by State statute must attain 'safe yield' by the year 2025.

Photovoltaic power system reliability considerations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lalli, V. R.

1980-01-01

An example of how modern engineering and safety techniques can be used to assure the reliable and safe operation of photovoltaic power systems is presented. This particular application is for a solar cell power system demonstration project designed to provide electric power requirements for remote villages. The techniques utilized involve a definition of the power system natural and operating environment, use of design criteria and analysis techniques, an awareness of potential problems via the inherent reliability and FMEA methods, and use of fail-safe and planned spare parts engineering philosophy.

Parenteral nutrition combined with rice soup can be a safe and effective intervention for congenital chylous ascites.

PubMed

Cao, Yi; Yan, Weihui; Lu, Lina; Tao, Yijing; Lu, Wei; Chen, Yingwei; Tang, Qingya; Cai, Wei

2016-01-01

Congenital chylous ascites in the neonatal period is a rare entity. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN), medium chain triglyceride (MCT)-based diet, octreotide and repeated paracentesis are regarded as appropriate medical treatment for congenital chylous ascites, and surgery is recommended when conservative therapy has failed. We present two cases in which ascites were confirmed via an abdominal sonogram and diagnostic paracentesis. In our clinical experience, rice soup combined with PN can be a safe and effective intervention.

Photovoltaic power system reliability considerations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lalli, V. R.

1980-01-01

This paper describes an example of how modern engineering and safety techniques can be used to assure the reliable and safe operation of photovoltaic power systems. This particular application was for a solar cell power system demonstration project in Tangaye, Upper Volta, Africa. The techniques involve a definition of the power system natural and operating environment, use of design criteria and analysis techniques, an awareness of potential problems via the inherent reliability and FMEA methods, and use of a fail-safe and planned spare parts engineering philosophy.

Simple Automatic File Exchange (SAFE) to Support Low-Cost Spacecraft Operation via the Internet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baker, Paul; Repaci, Max; Sames, David

1998-01-01

Various issues associated with Simple Automatic File Exchange (SAFE) are presented in viewgraph form. Specific topics include: 1) Packet telemetry, Internet IP networks and cost reduction; 2) Basic functions and technical features of SAFE; 3) Project goals, including low-cost satellite transmission to data centers to be distributed via an Internet; 4) Operations with a replicated file protocol; 5) File exchange operation; 6) Ground stations as gateways; 7) Lessons learned from demonstrations and tests with SAFE; and 8) Feedback and future initiatives.

U.S. Food safety and Inspection Service testing for Salmonella in selected raw meat and poultry products in the United States, 1998 through 2003: an establishment-level analysis.

PubMed

Eblen, Denise R; Barlow, Kristina E; Naugle, Alecia Larew

2006-11-01

The U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) pathogen reduction-hazard analysis critical control point systems final rule, published in 1996, established Salmonella performance standards for broiler chicken, cow and bull, market hog, and steer and heifer carcasses and for ground beef, chicken, and turkey meat. In 1998, the FSIS began testing to verify that establishments are meeting performance standards. Samples are collected in sets in which the number of samples is defined but varies according to product class. A sample set fails when the number of positive Salmonella samples exceeds the maximum number of positive samples allowed under the performance standard. Salmonella sample sets collected at 1,584 establishments from 1998 through 2003 were examined to identify factors associated with failure of one or more sets. Overall, 1,282 (80.9%) of establishments never had failed sets. In establishments that did experience set failure(s), generally the failed sets were collected early in the establishment testing history, with the exception of broiler establishments where failure(s) occurred both early and late in the course of testing. Small establishments were more likely to have experienced a set failure than were large or very small establishments, and broiler establishments were more likely to have failed than were ground beef, market hog, or steer-heifer establishments. Agency response to failed Salmonella sample sets in the form of in-depth verification reviews and related establishment-initiated corrective actions have likely contributed to declines in the number of establishments that failed sets. A focus on food safety measures in small establishments and broiler processing establishments should further reduce the number of sample sets that fail to meet the Salmonella performance standard.

Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association and Difficult Airway Society guidelines for the management of difficult and failed tracheal intubation in obstetrics.

PubMed

Mushambi, M C; Kinsella, S M; Popat, M; Swales, H; Ramaswamy, K K; Winton, A L; Quinn, A C

2015-11-01

The Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association and Difficult Airway Society have developed the first national obstetric guidelines for the safe management of difficult and failed tracheal intubation during general anaesthesia. They comprise four algorithms and two tables. A master algorithm provides an overview. Algorithm 1 gives a framework on how to optimise a safe general anaesthetic technique in the obstetric patient, and emphasises: planning and multidisciplinary communication; how to prevent the rapid oxygen desaturation seen in pregnant women by advocating nasal oxygenation and mask ventilation immediately after induction; limiting intubation attempts to two; and consideration of early release of cricoid pressure if difficulties are encountered. Algorithm 2 summarises the management after declaring failed tracheal intubation with clear decision points, and encourages early insertion of a (preferably second-generation) supraglottic airway device if appropriate. Algorithm 3 covers the management of the 'can't intubate, can't oxygenate' situation and emergency front-of-neck airway access, including the necessity for timely perimortem caesarean section if maternal oxygenation cannot be achieved. Table 1 gives a structure for assessing the individual factors relevant in the decision to awaken or proceed should intubation fail, which include: urgency related to maternal or fetal factors; seniority of the anaesthetist; obesity of the patient; surgical complexity; aspiration risk; potential difficulty with provision of alternative anaesthesia; and post-induction airway device and airway patency. This decision should be considered by the team in advance of performing a general anaesthetic to make a provisional plan should failed intubation occur. The table is also intended to be used as a teaching tool to facilitate discussion and learning regarding the complex nature of decision-making when faced with a failed intubation. Table 2 gives practical considerations of how to awaken or proceed with surgery. The background paper covers recommendations on drugs, new equipment, teaching and training. © 2015 The Authors. Anaesthesia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland.

Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association and Difficult Airway Society guidelines for the management of difficult and failed tracheal intubation in obstetrics*

PubMed Central

Mushambi, M C; Kinsella, S M; Popat, M; Swales, H; Ramaswamy, K K; Winton, A L; Quinn, A C

2015-01-01

The Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association and Difficult Airway Society have developed the first national obstetric guidelines for the safe management of difficult and failed tracheal intubation during general anaesthesia. They comprise four algorithms and two tables. A master algorithm provides an overview. Algorithm 1 gives a framework on how to optimise a safe general anaesthetic technique in the obstetric patient, and emphasises: planning and multidisciplinary communication; how to prevent the rapid oxygen desaturation seen in pregnant women by advocating nasal oxygenation and mask ventilation immediately after induction; limiting intubation attempts to two; and consideration of early release of cricoid pressure if difficulties are encountered. Algorithm 2 summarises the management after declaring failed tracheal intubation with clear decision points, and encourages early insertion of a (preferably second-generation) supraglottic airway device if appropriate. Algorithm 3 covers the management of the ‘can't intubate, can't oxygenate’ situation and emergency front-of-neck airway access, including the necessity for timely perimortem caesarean section if maternal oxygenation cannot be achieved. Table 1 gives a structure for assessing the individual factors relevant in the decision to awaken or proceed should intubation fail, which include: urgency related to maternal or fetal factors; seniority of the anaesthetist; obesity of the patient; surgical complexity; aspiration risk; potential difficulty with provision of alternative anaesthesia; and post-induction airway device and airway patency. This decision should be considered by the team in advance of performing a general anaesthetic to make a provisional plan should failed intubation occur. The table is also intended to be used as a teaching tool to facilitate discussion and learning regarding the complex nature of decision-making when faced with a failed intubation. Table 2 gives practical considerations of how to awaken or proceed with surgery. The background paper covers recommendations on drugs, new equipment, teaching and training. PMID:26449292

Space Environments Testbed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leucht, David K.; Koslosky, Marie J.; Kobe, David L.; Wu, Jya-Chang C.; Vavra, David A.

2011-01-01

The Space Environments Testbed (SET) is a flight controller data system for the Common Carrier Assembly. The SET-1 flight software provides the command, telemetry, and experiment control to ground operators for the SET-1 mission. Modes of operation (see dia gram) include: a) Boot Mode that is initiated at application of power to the processor card, and runs memory diagnostics. It may be entered via ground command or autonomously based upon fault detection. b) Maintenance Mode that allows for limited carrier health monitoring, including power telemetry monitoring on a non-interference basis. c) Safe Mode is a predefined, minimum power safehold configuration with power to experiments removed and carrier functionality minimized. It is used to troubleshoot problems that occur during flight. d) Operations Mode is used for normal experiment carrier operations. It may be entered only via ground command from Safe Mode.

The effect of deer exclosures on the recovery of vegetation in failed clearcuts on the Allegheny Plateau

Treesearch

David A. Marquis; Ted J. Grisez

1978-01-01

In 6- to 10-year-old clearcuts that had failed to regenerate naturally, fencing was erected to protect seedlings from deer browsing. The fencing allowed the gradual recovery of the forest cover. Small seedlings that otherwise would have been browsed continued to grow, and ground cover species such as Rubus, which reduced ferns and grasses that...

Traffic monitoring using satellite and ground data : preparation for feasibility tests and an operational system, final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-04-01

Satellite imagery could conceivably be added to data traditionally collected in traffic monitoring programs to allow wide spatial coverage unobtainable from ground-based sensors in a safe, off-the-road environment. Previously, we estimated that 1-m r...

Traffic monitoring using satellite and ground data : preparation for feasibility tests and an operational system, executive summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-04-01

Satellite imagery could conceivably be added to data traditionally collected in traffic monitoring programs to allow wide spatial coverage unobtainable from ground-based sensors in a safe, off-the-road environment. Previously, we estimated that 1-m r...

Integrated orbital servicing and payloads study. Volume 1: Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

A study is summarized in which a comparison was made of the following modes of maintaining a satellite system: (1) expendable mode in which failed satellites are replaced, (2) on-orbit servicing where a satellite can be fixed by unmanned module exchange in space, and (3) ground refurbishment in which the satellite is brought back to ground for repairs. It was concluded that on-orbit maintenance is the most cost-effective mode and that it is technically feasible. It can be used to repair failed satellites, to improve reliability of operating satellites, and to update equipment. On-orbit servicing can increase program flexibility and satellite reliability, lifetime, and availability. The significant conclusions and results of two studies are summarized.

Identification, analysis, and remedial treatment of low guardrail in Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-01-01

Guardrails that are too low may fail to safely redirect errant vehicles; instead, the vehicles may vault the guardrails, resulting in severe accidents. An analysis of data on a small sample of guardrails throughout-Virginia showed that over 80% of th...

77 FR 6122 - Providing Refurbishment Services to Federal Agencies

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-07

... equipment? 5. Describe the process for disposing and recycling of failed equipment. Have all facilities in your recycling and disposal process been certified to safely recycle and manage electronics? If so... firms offering refurbishment services, including those developed specifically for recycling facilities...

The journey from safe yield to sustainability.

PubMed

Alley, William M; Leake, Stanley A

2004-01-01

Safe-yield concepts historically focused attention on the economic and legal aspects of ground water development. Sustainability concerns have brought environmental aspects more to the forefront and have resulted in a more integrated outlook. Water resources sustainability is not a purely scientific concept, but rather a perspective that can frame scientific analysis. The evolving concept of sustainability presents a challenge to hydrologists to translate complex, and sometimes vague, socioeconomic and political questions into technical questions that can be quantified systematically. Hydrologists can contribute to sustainable water resources management by presenting the longer-term implications of ground water development as an integral part of their analyses.

The Journey from Safe Yield to Sustainability

USGS Publications Warehouse

Alley, W.M.; Leake, S.A.

2004-01-01

Safe-yield concepts historically focused attention on the economic and legal aspects of ground water development. Sustainability concerns have brought environmental aspects more to the forefront and have resulted in a more integrated outlook. Water resources sustainability is not a purely scientific concept, but rather a perspective that can frame scientific analysis. The evolving concept of sustainability presents a challenge to hydrologists to translate complex, and sometimes vague, socioeconomic and political questions into technical questions that can be quantified systematically. Hydrologists can contribute to sustainable water resources management by presenting the longer-term implications of ground water development as an integral part of their analyses.

Unmanned Aerial Systems Traffic Management (UTM): Safely Enabling UAS Operations in Low-Altitude Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jung, Jaewoo; Kopardekar, Parimal H.

2016-01-01

Flexibility where possible, and structure where necessary. Consider the needs of national security, safe airspace operations, economic opportunities, and emerging technologies. Risk-based approach based on population density, assets on the ground, density of operations, etc. Digital, virtual, dynamic, and as needed UTM services to manage operations.

Unmanned Aerial Systems Traffic Management (UTM): Safely Enabling UAS Operations in Low-Altitude Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopardekar, Parimal H.; Cavolowsky, John

2015-01-01

Flexibility where possible, and structure where necessary. Consider the needs of national security, safe airspace operations, economic opportunities, and emerging technologies. Risk-based approach based on population density, assets on the ground, density of operations, etc. Digital, virtual, dynamic, and as needed UTM services to manage operations.

29 CFR 1917.111 - Maintenance and load limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... maintained. (b) Maximum safe load limits, in pounds per square foot (kilograms per square meter), of floors elevated above ground level, and pier structures over the water shall be conspicuously posted in all cargo areas. (c) Maximum safe load limits shall not be exceeded. (d) All walking and working surfaces in the...

Aviation System Capacity Program Terminal Area Productivity Project: Ground and Airborne Technologies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Giulianetti, Demo J.

2001-01-01

Ground and airborne technologies were developed in the Terminal Area Productivity (TAP) project for increasing throughput at major airports by safely maintaining good-weather operating capacity during bad weather. Methods were demonstrated for accurately predicting vortices to prevent wake-turbulence encounters and to reduce in-trail separation requirements for aircraft approaching the same runway for landing. Technology was demonstrated that safely enabled independent simultaneous approaches in poor weather conditions to parallel runways spaced less than 3,400 ft apart. Guidance, control, and situation-awareness systems were developed to reduce congestion in airport surface operations resulting from the increased throughput, particularly during night and instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). These systems decreased runway occupancy time by safely and smoothly decelerating the aircraft, increasing taxi speed, and safely steering the aircraft off the runway. Simulations were performed in which optimal trajectories were determined by air traffic control (ATC) and communicated to flight crews by means of Center TRACON Automation System/Flight Management System (CTASFMS) automation to reduce flight delays, increase throughput, and ensure flight safety.

Prototype data terminal: Multiplexer/demultiplexer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leck, D. E.; Goodwin, J. E.

1972-01-01

The design and operation of a quad redundant data terminal and a multiplexer/demultiplexer (MDU) design are described. The most unique feature is the design of the quad redundant data terminal. This is one of the few designs where the unit is fail/op, fail/op, fail/safe. Laboratory tests confirm that the unit will operate satisfactorily with the failure of three out of four channels. Although the design utilizes state-of-the-art technology. The waveform error checks, the voting techniques, and the parity bit checks are believed to be used in unique configurations. Correct word selection routines are also novel, if not unique. The MDU design, while not redundant, utilizes, the latest state-of-the-art advantages of light couplers and integrated circuit amplifiers.

Transportation-Related Safety Behaviors in Top-Grossing Children's Movies from 2008 to 2013.

PubMed

Boppana, Shilpa; Shen, Jiabin; Schwebel, David C

2016-05-01

Children regularly imitate behavior from movies. The authors assessed injury risk behaviors in top-grossing children's films. The 5 top-grossing G- or PG-rated movies annually from 2008 to 2013 were included, including animated movies and those set in the past/future. Researchers coded transportation scenes for risk taking in 3 domains: protection/equipment, unsafe behaviors, and distraction/attention. Safe and risky behaviors were recorded across the 3 domains. With regard to protection and equipment, 20% of motor vehicle scenes showed characters riding without seat belts and 27% of scenes with motorcycles showed characters riding without helmets. Eighty-nine percent of scenes with horses showed riders without helmets and 67% of boat operators failed to wear personal flotation devices. The most common unsafe behaviors were speeding and unsafe street-crossing. Twenty-one percent of scenes with motor vehicles showed drivers speeding and 90% of pedestrians in films failed to wait for signal changes. Distracted and inattentive behaviors were rare, with distracted driving of motor vehicles occurring in only approximately 2% of total driving scenes. Although many safe transportation behaviors were portrayed, the film industry continues to depict unsafe behaviors in movies designed for pediatric audiences. There is a need for the film industry to continue to balance entertainment and art with modeling of safe behavior for children.

Fatigue analysis of composite materials using the fail-safe concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stievenard, G.

1982-01-01

If R1 is the probability of having a crack on a flight component and R2 is the probability of seeing this crack propagate between two scheduled inspections, the global failure regulation states that this product must not exceed 0.0000001.

Voter comparator switch provides fail safe data communications system - A concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koczela, L. J.; Wilgus, D. S.

1971-01-01

System indicates status of computers and controls operational modes. Two matrices are used - one relating to permissible system states, the other relating to requested system states. Concept is useful to designers of digital data transmission systems and time shared computer systems.

Verification Methodology of Fault-tolerant, Fail-safe Computers Applied to MAGLEV Control Computer Systems

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1993-05-01

The Maglev control computer system should be designed to verifiably possess high reliability and safety as well as high availability to make Maglev a dependable and attractive transportation alternative to the public. A Maglev computer system has bee...

CAT-tailing as a fail-safe mechanism for efficient degradation of stalled nascent polypeptides.

PubMed

Kostova, Kamena K; Hickey, Kelsey L; Osuna, Beatriz A; Hussmann, Jeffrey A; Frost, Adam; Weinberg, David E; Weissman, Jonathan S

2017-07-28

Ribosome stalling leads to recruitment of the ribosome quality control complex (RQC), which targets the partially synthesized polypeptide for proteasomal degradation through the action of the ubiquitin ligase Ltn1p. A second core RQC component, Rqc2p, modifies the nascent polypeptide by adding a carboxyl-terminal alanine and threonine (CAT) tail through a noncanonical elongation reaction. Here we examined the role of CAT-tailing in nascent-chain degradation in budding yeast. We found that Ltn1p efficiently accessed only nascent-chain lysines immediately proximal to the ribosome exit tunnel. For substrates without Ltn1p-accessible lysines, CAT-tailing enabled degradation by exposing lysines sequestered in the ribosome exit tunnel. Thus, CAT-tails do not serve as a degron, but rather provide a fail-safe mechanism that expands the range of RQC-degradable substrates. Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

The fail-safe mechanism of post-transcriptional silencing of unspliced HAC1 mRNA.

PubMed

Di Santo, Rachael; Aboulhouda, Soufiane; Weinberg, David E

2016-10-01

HAC1 encodes a transcription factor that is the central effector of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in budding yeast. When the UPR is inactive, HAC1 mRNA is stored as an unspliced isoform in the cytoplasm and no Hac1 protein is detectable. Intron removal is both necessary and sufficient to relieve the post-transcriptional silencing of HAC1 mRNA, yet the precise mechanism by which the intron prevents Hac1 protein accumulation has remained elusive. Here, we show that a combination of inhibited translation initiation and accelerated protein degradation-both dependent on the intron-prevents the accumulation of Hac1 protein when the UPR is inactive. Functionally, both components of this fail-safe silencing mechanism are required to prevent ectopic production of Hac1 protein and concomitant activation of the UPR. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of HAC1 regulation and reveal a novel strategy for complete post-transcriptional silencing of a cytoplasmic mRNA.

National evaluation of the SafeTrip-21 initiative I-95 corridor coalition test bed : final evaluation report, providing multi-modal travel information to airport users.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-12-30

The purpose of this document is to present the findings of the national evaluation of the I-95 Corridor Coalitions Airport Ground Transport Travel Information project, one element of the I-95 Test Bed conducted under the USDOTs SafeTrip-21 Init...

Experience with fluorine and its safe use as a propellant

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bond, D. L.; Guenther, M. E.; Stimpson, L. D.; Toth, L. R.; Young, D. L.

1979-01-01

The industrial and the propulsion experience with fluorine and its derivatives is surveyed. The hazardous qualities of fluorine and safe handling procedures for the substance are emphasized. Procedures which fulfill the safety requirements during ground operations for handling fluorinated propulsion systems are discussed. Procedures to be implemented for use onboard the Space Transportation System are included.

A Survey of Restraint Methods for the Safe Transport of Children in Ground Ambulances.

PubMed

Woods, Rashida H; Shah, Manish; Doughty, Cara; Gilchrest, Anthony

2018-03-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) released draft recommendations in 2010 on the safe transport of children in ground ambulances. The purpose of this study was to assess awareness of these guidelines among emergency medical service (EMS) agencies and to identify implementation barriers. We conducted a cross-sectional, anonymous online survey of 911-responding, ground transport EMS agencies in Texas. Demographics, modes of transport based on case scenarios, and barriers to implementation were assessed. Of 62 eligible EMS agencies that took the survey, 35.7% were aware of the NHTSA guidelines, 62.5% agreed they would improve safety, and 41.1% planned to implement them. Seventy-five percent of EMS agencies used the ideal or acceptable alternative to transport children requiring continuous monitoring, and 69.5% chose ideal or acceptable alternatives for children requiring spinal immobilization. The ideal or acceptable alternative was not chosen for children who were not injured or ill (93.2%), ill or injured but not requiring continuous monitoring (53.3%), and situations when multiple patients required transport (57.6%). The main requirements for implementation were provider education, ambulance interior modifications, new guidelines in the EMS agency, and purchase of new equipment. Few EMS agencies are aware of the NHTSA guidelines on safe transport of children in ground ambulances. Although most agencies appropriately transport children who require monitoring, interventions, or spinal immobilization, they use inappropriate means to transport children in situations with multiple patients, lack of injury or illness, or lack of need for monitoring.

Failed landings after laying hen flight in a commercial aviary over two flock cycles.

PubMed

Campbell, D L M; Goodwin, S L; Makagon, M M; Swanson, J C; Siegford, J M

2016-01-01

Many egg producers are adopting alternative housing systems such as aviaries that provide hens a tiered cage and a litter-covered open floor area. This larger, more complex environment permits expression of behaviors not seen in space-limited cages, such as flight. Flight is an exercise important for strengthening bones; but domestic hens might display imperfect flight landings due to poor flight control. To assess the potential implications of open space, we evaluated the landing success of Lohmann white laying hens in a commercial aviary. Video recordings of hens were taken from 4 aviary sections at peak lay, mid lay and end lay across two flock cycles. Observations were made in each focal section of all flights throughout the day noting flight origin and landing location (outer perch or litter) and landing success or failure. In Flock 1, 9.1% of all flights failed and 21% failed in Flock 2. The number of flights decreased across the laying cycle for both flocks. Proportionally more failed landings were observed in the double row sections in Flock 2. Collisions with other hens were more common than slipping on the ground or colliding with aviary structures across sections and flocks. More hens slipped on the ground and collided with physical structures at peak lay for Flock 2 than at other time points. More collisions with other hens were seen at mid and end lay than at peak lay for Flock 2. Landings ending on perches failed more often than landings on litter. These results indicate potential for flight-related hen injuries in aviary systems resulting from failed landings, which may have implications for hen welfare and optimal system design and management.

Lidar Systems for Precision Navigation and Safe Landing on Planetary Bodies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Amzajerdian, Farzin; Pierrottet, Diego F.; Petway, Larry B.; Hines, Glenn D.; Roback, Vincent E.

2011-01-01

The ability of lidar technology to provide three-dimensional elevation maps of the terrain, high precision distance to the ground, and approach velocity can enable safe landing of robotic and manned vehicles with a high degree of precision. Currently, NASA is developing novel lidar sensors aimed at needs of future planetary landing missions. These lidar sensors are a 3-Dimensional Imaging Flash Lidar, a Doppler Lidar, and a Laser Altimeter. The Flash Lidar is capable of generating elevation maps of the terrain that indicate hazardous features such as rocks, craters, and steep slopes. The elevation maps collected during the approach phase of a landing vehicle, at about 1 km above the ground, can be used to determine the most suitable safe landing site. The Doppler Lidar provides highly accurate ground relative velocity and distance data allowing for precision navigation to the landing site. Our Doppler lidar utilizes three laser beams pointed to different directions to measure line of sight velocities and ranges to the ground from altitudes of over 2 km. Throughout the landing trajectory starting at altitudes of about 20 km, the Laser Altimeter can provide very accurate ground relative altitude measurements that are used to improve the vehicle position knowledge obtained from the vehicle navigation system. At altitudes from approximately 15 km to 10 km, either the Laser Altimeter or the Flash Lidar can be used to generate contour maps of the terrain, identifying known surface features such as craters, to perform Terrain relative Navigation thus further reducing the vehicle s relative position error. This paper describes the operational capabilities of each lidar sensor and provides a status of their development. Keywords: Laser Remote Sensing, Laser Radar, Doppler Lidar, Flash Lidar, 3-D Imaging, Laser Altimeter, Precession Landing, Hazard Detection

A biased review of biases in Twitter studies on political collective action

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cihon, Peter; Yasseri, Taha

2016-08-01

In recent years researchers have gravitated to Twitter and other social media platforms as fertile ground for empirical analysis of social phenomena. Social media provides researchers access to trace data of interactions and discourse that once went unrecorded in the offline world. Researchers have sought to use these data to explain social phenomena both particular to social media and applicable to the broader social world. This paper offers a minireview of Twitter-based research on political crowd behaviour. This literature offers insight into particular social phenomena on Twitter, but often fails to use standardized methods that permit interpretation beyond individual studies. Moreover, the literature fails to ground methodologies and results in social or political theory, divorcing empirical research from the theory needed to interpret it. Rather, investigations focus primarily on methodological innovations for social media analyses, but these too often fail to sufficiently demonstrate the validity of such methodologies. This minireview considers a small number of selected papers; we analyse their (often lack of) theoretical approaches, review their methodological innovations, and offer suggestions as to the relevance of their results for political scientists and sociologists.

Description and comparative evaluation of a proposed design for the low visibility approach study

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-10-01

Ths memorandum was prepared in support of the low visibility simulation study being : conducted by the FAA as a basis for establishing the lowest RVR (runway visual range) : required for safe, fail passive auto landings in Category III weather. A des...

78 FR 57542 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-19

... cracked retract actuator fuse pins that could fail earlier than the previously determined safe life limit... 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. For service information identified in this proposed AD, contact Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Attention: Data & Services Management, P.O. Box 3707, MC...

46 CFR 28.880 - Hydraulic equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... times the system's maximum operating pressure. (c) Each hydraulic system must be equipped with at least... sudden loss of control due to loss of hydraulic system pressure. A system is considered to be fail-safe... catalog number and maximum allowable working pressure. (k) Existing hydraulic piping, nonmetallic hose...

46 CFR 28.880 - Hydraulic equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... times the system's maximum operating pressure. (c) Each hydraulic system must be equipped with at least... sudden loss of control due to loss of hydraulic system pressure. A system is considered to be fail-safe... catalog number and maximum allowable working pressure. (k) Existing hydraulic piping, nonmetallic hose...

46 CFR 28.880 - Hydraulic equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... times the system's maximum operating pressure. (c) Each hydraulic system must be equipped with at least... sudden loss of control due to loss of hydraulic system pressure. A system is considered to be fail-safe... catalog number and maximum allowable working pressure. (k) Existing hydraulic piping, nonmetallic hose...

46 CFR 28.880 - Hydraulic equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... times the system's maximum operating pressure. (c) Each hydraulic system must be equipped with at least... sudden loss of control due to loss of hydraulic system pressure. A system is considered to be fail-safe... catalog number and maximum allowable working pressure. (k) Existing hydraulic piping, nonmetallic hose...

Surveillance of ground vehicles for airport security

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blasch, Erik; Wang, Zhonghai; Shen, Dan; Ling, Haibin; Chen, Genshe

2014-06-01

Future surveillance systems will work in complex and cluttered environments which require systems engineering solutions for such applications such as airport ground surface management. In this paper, we highlight the use of a L1 video tracker for monitoring activities at an airport. We present methods of information fusion, entity detection, and activity analysis using airport videos for runway detection and airport terminal events. For coordinated airport security, automated ground surveillance enhances efficient and safe maneuvers for aircraft, unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) operating within airport environments.

24 CFR 884.215 - Lease requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... grounds of race, color, creed, religion, sex, or national origin. d. The Lessor shall provide the... obligation which the landlord has determined the tenant has failed to perform. (3) Exculpatory clause...

Shake Warning: Helping People Stay Safe With Lots of Small Boxes in the Ground to Warn Them About Strong Shaking

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reusch, M.

2017-12-01

A group of people at schools are joining with the group of people in control of making pictures of the state of rocks on the ground and water in our land. They are working on a plan to help all people be safe in the case of very big ground shaking (when ground breaks in sight or under ground). They will put many small boxes all over the states in the direction of where the sun sets to look for the first shake that might be a sign of an even bigger shake to come. They tell a big computer (with much power) in several large cities in those states. These computers will decide if the first shake is a sign of a very large and close ground shake, a far-away ground shake, a small but close ground shake, or even just a sign of a shake that people wanted to make. If it is a sign of a close and really big shake, then the computers will tell the phones and computers of many people to help them take safe steps before the big shaking arrives where they are. This warning might be several seconds or maybe a couple of minutes. People will be able to hide, take cover, and hold on under tables and desks in case things fall from walls and places up high in their home and work. Doctors will be able to pause hard work and boxes that move people up and down in homes, businesses, and stores will be able to stop on the next floor and open their doors to let people out and not get stuck. It will help slow down trains to be safe and not fly off of the track as well as it will help to shut off water and air that warms homes and is used for when you make food hot. To make this plan become real, people who work for these groups are putting more small boxes in areas where there are not enough and that there are many people. They are also putting small boxes in places where there are no boxes but the big shake might come from that direction. There are problems to get past such as needing many more small boxes, more people to help with this plan, and getting all people who live in these areas to learn what to do when the warning comes about the big shake, but this year there was good news when in month number four they were able to get all of the computers to talk to each other and run the same plan with the same news of the first shaking.

Main propulsion system design recommendations for an advanced Orbit Transfer Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Redd, L.

1985-01-01

Various main propulsion system configurations of an advanced OTV are evaluated with respect to the probability of nonindependent failures, i.e., engine failures that disable the entire main propulsion system. Analysis of the life-cycle cost (LCC) indicates that LCC is sensitive to the main propulsion system reliability, vehicle dry weight, and propellant cost; it is relatively insensitive to the number of missions/overhaul, failures per mission, and EVA and IVA cost. In conclusion, two or three engines are recommended in view of their highest reliability, minimum life-cycle cost, and fail operational/fail safe capability.

Inlet Flow Control and Prediction Technologies for Embedded Propulsion Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McMillan, Michelle L.; Mackie, Scott A.; Gissen, Abe; Vukasinovic, Bojan; Lakebrink, Matthew T.; Glezer, Ari; Mani, Mori; Mace, James L.

2011-01-01

Fail-safe, hybrid, flow control (HFC) is a promising technology for meeting high-speed cruise efficiency, low-noise signature, and reduced fuel-burn goals for future, Hybrid-Wing-Body (HWB) aircraft with embedded engines. This report details the development of HFC technology that enables improved inlet performance in HWB vehicles with highly integrated inlets and embedded engines without adversely affecting vehicle performance. In addition, new test techniques for evaluating Boundary-Layer-Ingesting (BLI)-inlet flow-control technologies developed and demonstrated through this program are documented, including the ability to generate a BLI-like inlet-entrance flow in a direct-connect, wind-tunnel facility, as well as, the use of D-optimal, statistically designed experiments to optimize test efficiency and enable interpretation of results. Validated improvements in numerical analysis tools and methods accomplished through this program are also documented, including Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes CFD simulations of steady-state flow physics for baseline, BLI-inlet diffuser flow, as well as, that created by flow-control devices. Finally, numerical methods were employed in a ground-breaking attempt to directly simulate dynamic distortion. The advances in inlet technologies and prediction tools will help to meet and exceed "N+2" project goals for future HWB aircraft.

An astrometric facility for planetary detection on the space station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nishioka, Kenji; Scargle, Jeffrey D.; Givens, John J.

1987-01-01

An Astrometric Telescope Facility (ATF) for planetary detection is being studied as a potential space station initial operating capability payload. The primary science objective of this mission is the detection and study of planetary systems around other stars. In addition, the facility will be capable of other astrometric measurements such as stellar motions of other galaxies and highly precise direct measurement of stellar distance within the Milky Way Galaxy. The results of a recently completed ATF preliminary systems definition study are summarized. Results of this study indicate that the preliminary concept for the facility is fully capable of meeting the science objective without the development of any new technologies. A simple straightforward operations approach was developed for the ATF. A real-time facility control is not normally required, but does maintain a near real-time ground monitoring capability for the facility and science data stream on a full-time basis. Facility observational sequences are normally loaded once a week. In addition, the preliminary system is designed to be fail-safe and single-fault tolerant. Routine interactions by the space station crew with the ATF will not be necessary, but onboard controls are provided for crew override as required for emergencies and maintenance.

Data Processing Center of Radioastron Project: 3 years of operation.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shatskaya, Marina

ASC DATA PROCESSING CENTER (DPC) of Radioastron Project is a fail-safe complex centralized system of interconnected software/ hardware components along with organizational procedures. Tasks facing of the scientific data processing center are organization of service information exchange, collection of scientific data, storage of all of scientific data, data science oriented processing. DPC takes part in the informational exchange with two tracking stations in Pushchino (Russia) and Green Bank (USA), about 30 ground telescopes, ballistic center, tracking headquarters and session scheduling center. Enormous flows of information go to Astro Space Center. For the inquiring of enormous data volumes we develop specialized network infrastructure, Internet channels and storage. The computer complex has been designed at the Astro Space Center (ASC) of Lebedev Physical Institute and includes: - 800 TB on-line storage, - 2000 TB hard drive archive, - backup system on magnetic tapes (2000 TB); - 24 TB redundant storage at Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory; - Web and FTP servers, - DPC management and data transmission networks. The structure and functions of ASC Data Processing Center are fully adequate to the data processing requirements of the Radioastron Mission and has been successfully confirmed during Fringe Search, Early Science Program and first year of Key Science Program.

The Propulsive-Only Flight Control Problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blezad, Daniel J.

1996-01-01

Attitude control of aircraft using only the throttles is investigated. The long time constants of both the engines and of the aircraft dynamics, together with the coupling between longitudinal and lateral aircraft modes make piloted flight with failed control surfaces hazardous, especially when attempting to land. This research documents the results of in-flight operation using simulated failed flight controls and ground simulations of piloted propulsive-only control to touchdown. Augmentation control laws to assist the pilot are described using both optimal control and classical feedback methods. Piloted simulation using augmentation shows that simple and effective augmented control can be achieved in a wide variety of failed configurations.

Failure Analysis of Space Shuttle Orbiter Valve Poppet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Russell, Rick

2010-01-01

The poppet failed during STS-126 due to fatigue cracking that most likely was initiated during MDC ground-testing. This failure ultimately led to the discovery that the cracking problem was a generic issue effecting numerous poppets throughout the Shuttle program's history. This presentation has focused on the laboratory analysis of the failed hardware, but this analysis was only one aspect of a comprehensive failure investigation. One critical aspect of the overall investigation was modeling of the fluid flow through this valve to determine the possible sources of cyclic loading. This work has led to the conclusion that the poppets are failing due to flow-induced vibration.

SoS Lablet; Perpetually Available and Secure Information Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-11-16

settings, people simply err on the safe side and do a lot less sharing, which explains why all pull -based location sharing applications have failed so...number of data centers is raising concerns about their power consumption. Through an NSF GOALI Bruce Krogh and I have investigated the problem by

75 FR 50878 - Airworthiness Directives; McDonnell Douglas Corporation Model MD-90-30 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-18

... support fitting for the MLG failing during gear extension and subsequently damaging the hydraulic system... retract cylinder support fitting for the MLG, which could adversely affect the airplane's safe landing... service information identified in this AD, contact Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Attention: Data & Services...

14 CFR 23.775 - Windshields and windows.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... loadings and flight loads, or compliance with the fail-safe requirements of paragraph (d) of this section... loads combined with critical aerodynamic pressure and temperature effects, after failure of any load... in front of the pilots must be arranged so that, assuming the loss of vision through any one panel...

14 CFR 23.775 - Windshields and windows.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... loadings and flight loads, or compliance with the fail-safe requirements of paragraph (d) of this section... loads combined with critical aerodynamic pressure and temperature effects, after failure of any load... in front of the pilots must be arranged so that, assuming the loss of vision through any one panel...

14 CFR 23.775 - Windshields and windows.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... loadings and flight loads, or compliance with the fail-safe requirements of paragraph (d) of this section... loads combined with critical aerodynamic pressure and temperature effects, after failure of any load... in front of the pilots must be arranged so that, assuming the loss of vision through any one panel...

14 CFR 23.775 - Windshields and windows.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... loadings and flight loads, or compliance with the fail-safe requirements of paragraph (d) of this section... loads combined with critical aerodynamic pressure and temperature effects, after failure of any load... in front of the pilots must be arranged so that, assuming the loss of vision through any one panel...

14 CFR 23.775 - Windshields and windows.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... loadings and flight loads, or compliance with the fail-safe requirements of paragraph (d) of this section... loads combined with critical aerodynamic pressure and temperature effects, after failure of any load... in front of the pilots must be arranged so that, assuming the loss of vision through any one panel...

42 CFR 71.3 - Designation of yellow fever vaccination centers; Validation stamps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... safe, potent, and pure yellow fever vaccine. Medical facilities of Federal agencies are authorized to obtain yellow fever vaccine without being designated as a yellow fever vaccination center by the Director..., storage, and administration of yellow fever vaccine. If a designated center fails to comply with such...

Reading between the Lines

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waters, John K.

2009-01-01

Biometrics has been making its way into school districts for the past decade. Biometric tools draw information from a person's identifying physical components, providing a virtually fail-safe level of protection for K-12 schools. In addition to their security uses, biometric systems are currently used in schools for cafeteria purchases, library…

Is under the ground under the big blue water named for the land next to us good for putting away bad air?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hills, D. J.

2017-12-01

Putting bad air under the ground in rocks can help the world be safe from hotter air and keep people happy. A lot of the bad air is made near the big blue water named for the land next to us so we are looking at the ground under that big blue water to see if the rocks will hold the bad air for a very, very, very long time. There are a lot of rocks that are good to put the bad air in with other good rocks on top of them to hold the bad air in under the ground under the big blue water. We are helping decide what good rocks are the best to put the bad air in with the best rocks on top of them to hold it in. We are figuring out how much bad air these rocks can hold in to keep people safe from hotter air and keep them happy. Some of these rocks are not far under the ground, but that might worry some people that the bad air is too close. Some of these good rocks are really far under the ground, but that might take a lot of money to put in the bad air. We are trying to figure out what will be best to keep the bad air under the ground and make the most people happy.

STS-38 Atlantis, OV-104, during safing operations after KSC SLF landing

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-11-20

Spotlights illuminate Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104, during safing operations at the Kennedy Space Center's (KSC's) Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF). OV-104 parked on runway 33 is serviced by KSC ground crews. STS-38, a Department of Defense (DOD)-devoted mission, came to an end (with complete wheel stop) at 4:43:37 pm (Eastern Standard Time (EST)).

Planetary protection issues and future Mars missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Devincenzi, D. L.; Klein, H. P.; Bagby, J. R.

1991-01-01

A primary scientific theme for the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) is the search for life, extant or extinct, on Mars. Because of this, concerns have arisen about Planetary Protection (PP), the prevention of biological cross-contamination between Earth and other planets during solar system exploration missions. A recent workshop assessed the necessity for, and impact of, PP requirements on the unmanned and human missions to Mars comprising the SEI. The following ground-rules were adopted: (1) Information needed for assessing PP issues must be obtained during the unmanned precursor mission phase prior to human landings. (2) Returned Mars samples will be considered biologically hazardous until proven otherwise. (3) Deposition of microbes on Mars and exposure of the crew to martian materials are inevitable when humans land. And (4) Human landings are unlikely until it is demonstrated that there is no harmful effect of martian materials on terrestrial life forms. These ground-rules dictated the development of a conservative PP strategy for precursor missions. Key features of the proposed strategy include: to prevent forward-contamination, all orbiters will follow Mars Observer PP procedures for assembly, trajectory, and lifetime. All landers will follow Viking PP procedures for assembly, microbial load reduction, and bio-shield. And, to prevent back-contamination, all sample return missions will have PP requirements which include fail-safe sample sealing, breaking contact chain with the martian surface, and containment and quarantine analysis in Earth-based laboratory. In addition to deliberating on scientific and technical issues, the workshop made several recommendations for dealing with forward and back-contamination concerns from non-scicntific perspectives.

Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Paielli, Russell A.

2004-01-01

In the current air traffic management system, the fundamental limitation on airspace capacity is the cognitive ability of human air traffic controllers to maintain safe separation with high reliability. The doubling or tripling of airspace capacity that will be needed over the next couple of decades will require that tactical separation be at least partially automated. Standardized conflict-free four-dimensional trajectory assignment will be needed to accomplish that objective. A trajectory specification format based on the Extensible Markup Language is proposed for that purpose. This format can be used to downlink a trajectory request, which can then be checked on the ground for conflicts and approved or modified, if necessary, then uplinked as the assigned trajectory. The horizontal path is specified as a series of geodetic waypoints connected by great circles, and the great-circle segments are connected by turns of specified radius. Vertical profiles for climb and descent are specified as low-order polynomial functions of along-track position, which is itself specified as a function of time. Flight technical error tolerances in the along-track, cross-track, and vertical axes define a bounding space around the reference trajectory, and conformance will guarantee the required separation for a period of time known as the conflict time horizon. An important safety benefit of this regimen is that the traffic will be able to fly free of conflicts for at least several minutes even if all ground systems and the entire communication infrastructure fail. Periodic updates in the along-track axis will adjust for errors in the predicted along-track winds.

Space-to-Ground: A Giant Leap: 07/21/2017

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-07-21

It's been 48 years since humans first walked on the moon. Now NASA is testing its new Orion spacecraft to send crews beyond the moon and bring them back home safely. NASA's Space to Ground is your weekly update on what's happening aboard the International Space Station. Got a question or comment? Use #spacetoground to talk to us.

30 CFR 48.28 - Annual refresher training of miners; minimum courses of instruction; hours of instruction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Retraining of Miners Working at Surface Mines and Surface Areas of Underground Mines § 48.28 Annual refresher...) Ground control; working in areas of highwalls, water hazards, pits, and spoil banks; illumination and... ground control plans in effect at the mine; procedures for working safely in areas of highwalls, water...

Safety considerations in the design and operation of large wind turbines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reilly, D. H.

1979-01-01

The engineering and safety techniques used to assure the reliable and safe operation of large wind turbine generators utilizing the Mod 2 Wind Turbine System Program as an example is described. The techniques involve a careful definition of the wind turbine's natural and operating environments, use of proven structural design criteria and analysis techniques, an evaluation of potential failure modes and hazards, and use of a fail safe and redundant component engineering philosophy. The role of an effective quality assurance program, tailored to specific hardware criticality, and the checkout and validation program developed to assure system integrity are described.

Warranty-Guarantee Application Guidelines for Air Force Ground Electronic Equipment.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-02-01

perform the on-equipment maintenance. The procedure is comparable to existing Mobile Depot Mainte- nance. The extended outage of failed equipment may be...currently computed. However, because the equipment is fixed geographically, in contrast to the mobility of avionics equipment, operating-time logs could...base environment, many other items of ground equip- ment are deployed at a remote location or, particularly in TAC, may be mobile equipment not

Enhancing future resilience in urban drainage system: Green versus grey infrastructure.

PubMed

Dong, Xin; Guo, Hao; Zeng, Siyu

2017-11-01

In recent years, the concept transition from fail-safe to safe-to-fail makes the application of resilience analysis popular in urban drainage systems (UDSs) with various implications and quantifications. However, most existing definitions of UDSs resilience are confined to the severity of flooding, while uncertainties from climate change and urbanization are not considered. In this research, we take into account the functional variety, topological complexity, and disturbance randomness of UDSs and define a new formula of resilience based on three parts of system severity, i.e. social severity affected by urban flooding, environmental severity caused by sewer overflow, and technological severity considering the safe operation of downstream facilities. A case study in Kunming, China is designed to compare the effect of green and grey infrastructure strategies on the enhancement of system resilience together with their costs. Different system configurations with green roofs, permeable pavement and storage tanks are compared by scenario analysis with full consideration of future uncertainties induced by urbanization and climate change. The research contributes to the development of sustainability assessment of urban drainage system with consideration of the resilience of green and grey infrastructure under future change. Finding the response measures with high adaptation across a variety of future scenarios is crucial to establish sustainable urban drainage system in a long term. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Predicting pathogen growth during short-term temperature abuse of raw pork, beef, and poultry products: use of an isothermal-based predictive tool.

PubMed

Ingham, Steven C; Fanslau, Melody A; Burnham, Greg M; Ingham, Barbara H; Norback, John P; Schaffner, Donald W

2007-06-01

A computer-based tool (available at: www.wisc.edu/foodsafety/meatresearch) was developed for predicting pathogen growth in raw pork, beef, and poultry meat. The tool, THERM (temperature history evaluation for raw meats), predicts the growth of pathogens in pork and beef (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella serovars, and Staphylococcus aureus) and on poultry (Salmonella serovars and S. aureus) during short-term temperature abuse. The model was developed as follows: 25-g samples of raw ground pork, beef, and turkey were inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of the target pathogen(s) and held at isothermal temperatures from 10 to 43.3 degrees C. Log CFU per sample data were obtained for each pathogen and used to determine lag-phase duration (LPD) and growth rate (GR) by DMFit software. The LPD and GR were used to develop the THERM predictive tool, into which chronological time and temperature data for raw meat processing and storage are entered. The THERM tool then predicts a delta log CFU value for the desired pathogen-product combination. The accuracy of THERM was tested in 20 different inoculation experiments that involved multiple products (coarse-ground beef, skinless chicken breast meat, turkey scapula meat, and ground turkey) and temperature-abuse scenarios. With the time-temperature data from each experiment, THERM accurately predicted the pathogen growth and no growth (with growth defined as delta log CFU > 0.3) in 67, 85, and 95% of the experiments with E. coli 0157:H7, Salmonella serovars, and S. aureus, respectively, and yielded fail-safe predictions in the remaining experiments. We conclude that THERM is a useful tool for qualitatively predicting pathogen behavior (growth and no growth) in raw meats. Potential applications include evaluating process deviations and critical limits under the HACCP (hazard analysis critical control point) system.

Chapter D. The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989 - Earth Structures and Engineering Characterization of Ground Motion

USGS Publications Warehouse

Holzer, Thomas L.

1998-01-01

This chapter contains two papers that summarize the performance of engineered earth structures, dams and stabilized excavations in soil, and two papers that characterize for engineering purposes the attenuation of ground motion with distance during the Loma Prieta earthquake. Documenting the field performance of engineered structures and confirming empirically based predictions of ground motion are critical for safe and cost effective seismic design of future structures as well as the retrofitting of existing ones.

Ground-based research with heavy ions for space radiation protection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Durante, M.; Kronenberg, A.

Human exposure to ionizing radiation is one of the acknowledged potential showstoppers for long duration manned interplanetary missions. Human exploratory missions cannot be safely performed without a substantial reduction of the uncertainties associated with different space radiation health risks, and the development of effective countermeasures. Most of our knowledge of the biological effects of heavy charged particles comes from accelerator-based experiments. During the 35th COSPAR meeting, recent ground-based experiments with high-energy iron ions were discussed, and these results are briefly summarised in this paper. High-quality accelerator-based research with heavy ions will continue to be the main source of knowledge of space radiation health effects and will lead to reductions of the uncertainties in predictions of human health risks. Efforts in materials science, nutrition and pharmaceutical sciences and their rigorous evaluation with biological model systems in ground-based accelerator experiments will lead to the development of safe and effective countermeasures to permit human exploration of the Solar System.

Orbital stability and energy estimate of ground states of saturable nonlinear Schrödinger equations with intensity functions in R2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Tai-Chia; Wang, Xiaoming; Wang, Zhi-Qiang

2017-10-01

Conventionally, the existence and orbital stability of ground states of nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations with power-law nonlinearity (subcritical case) can be proved by an argument using strict subadditivity of the ground state energy and the concentration compactness method of Cazenave and Lions [4]. However, for saturable nonlinearity, such an argument is not applicable because strict subadditivity of the ground state energy fails in this case. Here we use a convexity argument to prove the existence and orbital stability of ground states of NLS equations with saturable nonlinearity and intensity functions in R2. Besides, we derive the energy estimate of ground states of saturable NLS equations with intensity functions using the eigenvalue estimate of saturable NLS equations without intensity function.

Experimental Evidence for Diagramming Benefits in Science Writing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barstow, Brendan; Fazio, Lisa; Schunn, Christian; Ashley, Kevin

2017-01-01

Arguing for the need for a scientific research study (i.e. writing an introduction to a research paper) poses significant challenges for students. When faced with these challenges, students often generate overly safe replications (i.e. fail to find and include opposition to their hypothesis) or in contrast include no strong support for their…

Power-Factor Controllers: How Safe?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Long, K.; Christian, W.; Kovacik, J.; Grazyk, T.

1985-01-01

Potential safety problems with power-factor controllers (PFC's) evaluated. Based on study of PFCs in use with appliances, report recommends measures to prevent consumers from misapplying these energy saving devices. Device used on such appliances as refrigerators, sewing machines, pumps, hair dryers, and food processors. When misused, they fail to save energy and may cause damage.

24 CFR 884.219 - Overcrowded and underoccupied units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... assisted under this part is not Decent, Safe, and Sanitary by reason of increase in Family size, or that a Contract unit is larger than appropriate for the size of the Family in occupancy, housing assistance payments with respect to such unit will not be abated, unless the Owner fails to offer the Family a...

Establishment of design criteria for acceptable failure modes and fail safe considerations for the space shuttle structural system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Westrup, R. W.

1971-01-01

The application of general design approaches for preventing failures due to repeated load cycles is briefly discussed. Program objective, mission requirements, and structural design criteria are summarized. Discrete structural elements and associated sections were selected for detailed strength, fatigue, and fracture mechanics investigations.

Filter holder assembly having extended collar spacer ring

DOEpatents

Alvin, Mary Anne; Bruck, Gerald J.

2002-01-01

A filter holder assembly is provided that utilizes a fail-safe regenerator unit with an annular spacer ring having an extended metal collar for containment and positioning of a compliant ceramic gasket used in the assembly. The filter holder assembly is disclosed for use with advanced composite, filament wound, and metal candle filters.

Keeping Schools Safe during Tight Budget Times

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trump, Kenneth S.

2010-01-01

Tight budgets are no excuse for failing to be proactive with school safety. In fact, school leaders must be especially committed to prevention and security programs during times when economic woes are increasing stress on kids, their families and school staff. Parents will forgive educators if their school's test scores drop. But they are much…

The Fail-Safe Micro Research Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saunders, Mary Anne

A key element in a research paper writing assignment modified for students of English as a second language to assure their success is teacher control over most of the process. A chronological plan for action for the micro research project includes these steps: creating an awareness of current events and controversial issues, practicing necessary…

Accountable Game Design: Structuring the Dynamics of Student Learning Interactions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Charoenying, Timothy

2010-01-01

Game-based classroom activity is intended to leverage students' interest and motivation to play, and to provide safe contexts for supporting students' academic learning. However, a basic criticism of many games currently used in classroom settings is that they can fail to meaningfully embody academic content. A more subtle concern is that…

Active Fail-Safe Micro-Array Flow Control for Advanced Embedded Propulsion Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anderson, Bernhard H.; Mace, James L.; Mani, Mori

2009-01-01

The primary objective of this research effort was to develop and analytically demonstrate enhanced first generation active "fail-safe" hybrid flow-control techniques to simultaneously manage the boundary layer on the vehicle fore-body and to control the secondary flow generated within modern serpentine or embedded inlet S-duct configurations. The enhanced first-generation technique focused on both micro-vanes and micro-ramps highly-integrated with micro -jets to provide nonlinear augmentation for the "strength' or effectiveness of highly-integrated flow control systems. The study focused on the micro -jet mass flow ratio (Wjet/Waip) range from 0.10 to 0.30 percent and jet total pressure ratios (Pjet/Po) from 1.0 to 3.0. The engine bleed airflow range under study represents about a 10 fold decrease in micro -jet airflow than previously required. Therefore, by pre-conditioning, or injecting a very small amount of high-pressure jet flow into the vortex generated by the micro-vane and/or micro-ramp, active flow control is achieved and substantial augmentation of the controlling flow is realized.

Flow Structures and Interactions of a Fail-Safe Actuator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khan, Wasif; Elimelech, Yoseph; Amitay, Michael

2010-11-01

Vortex generators are passive devices that are commonly used in many aerodynamic applications. In their basic concept, they enhance mixing, reduce or mitigate flow separation; however, they cause drag penalties at off design conditions. Micro vanes implement the same basic idea of vortex generators but their physical dimensions are much smaller. To achieve the same effect on the baseline flow field, micro vanes are combined with an active flow control device, so their net effect is comparable to that of vortex generators when the active device is energized. As a result of their small size, micro vanes have significantly less drag penalty at off design conditions. This concept of "dual-action" is the reason why such actuation is commonly called hybrid or fail-safe actuation. The present study explores experimentally the flow interaction of a synthetic-jet with a micro vane in a zero pressure gradient flow over a flat plate. Using the stereo particle image velocimetry technique a parametric study was conducted, where the effects of the micro vane shape, height and its angle with respect to the flow were examined, at several blowing ratios and synthetic-jet configurations.

Folic acid and sulfasalazine for colorectal carcinoma chemoprevention in patients with ulcerative colitis: the old and new evidence.

PubMed

Diculescu, Mircea; Ciocîrlan, Mihai; Ciocîrlan, Mirela; Piţigoi, Dan; Becheanu, Gabriel; Croitoru, Adina; Spanache, Sandu

2003-12-01

The purpose of the study was to assess whether folic acid supplementation and long term therapy with sulfasalazine can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) development in longstanding extensive ulcerative colitis. A meta-analysis was performed including the last 10 years published and Medline indexed studies on this subject. 3 studies have been included concerning the protective effect of folate supplementation in development of CRC. The association of these two factors is significant (effect size r =0.124, p = 0.025). The fail-safe number of studies with an opposite result should be 4 to revert the significance. 4 studies regarding sulfasalazine's protective effect in longstanding extensive ulcerative colitis have also been evaluated. A similar significance has been obtained, r = 0.148, p = 0.0007 and a fail-safe number of studies equal to 7. The homogeneity of these studies is validated by standard tests. Both sulfasalazine therapy and folate supplementation have a protective effect in colorectal cancer development in a population of patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis. Randomized controlled trials are needed to explore these hypotheses.

TARDEC Overview: Ground Vehicle Power and Mobility

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-04

Fuel & Water Distribution • Force Sustainment • Construction Equipment • Bridging • Assured Mobility Systems Robotics • TALON • PackBot • MARCbot...Equipment • Mechanical Countermine Equipment • Tactical Bridging Intelligent Ground Systems • Autonomous Robotics Systems • Safe Operations...Test Cell • Hybrid Electric Reconfigurable Moveable Integration Testbed (HERMIT) • Electro-chemical Analysis and Research Lab (EARL) • Battery Lab • Air

Dechlorination of TCE with palladized iron

DOEpatents

Fernando, Q.; Muftikian, R.; Korte, N.

1997-04-01

The present invention relates to various methods, such as an above-ground method and an in-ground method, of using a palladized iron bimetallic system for the dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds from various effluents or contaminated soil containing the same. The use of palladized iron bimetallic system results in the dechlorination of the chlorinated organic compound into environmentally safe reaction products. 10 figs.

Dechlorination of TCE with palladized iron

DOEpatents

Fernando, Quintus; Muftikian, Rosy; Korte, Nic

1997-01-01

The present invention relates to various methods, such as an above-ground method and an in-ground method, of using a palladized iron bimetallic system for the dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds from various effluents or contaminated soil containing the same. The use of palladized iron bimetallic system results in the dechlorination of the chlorinated organic compound into environmentally safe reaction products.

Design of power cable grounding wire anti-theft monitoring system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

An, Xisheng; Lu, Peng; Wei, Niansheng; Hong, Gang

2018-01-01

In order to prevent the serious consequences of the power grid failure caused by the power cable grounding wire theft, this paper presents a GPRS based power cable grounding wire anti-theft monitoring device system, which includes a camera module, a sensor module, a micro processing system module, and a data monitoring center module, a mobile terminal module. Our design utilize two kinds of methods for detecting and reporting comprehensive image, it can effectively solve the problem of power and cable grounding wire box theft problem, timely follow-up grounded cable theft events, prevent the occurrence of electric field of high voltage transmission line fault, improve the reliability of the safe operation of power grid.

Advanced orbit transfer vehicle propulsion system study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cathcart, J. A.; Cooper, T. W.; Corringrato, R. M.; Cronau, S. T.; Forgie, S. C.; Harder, M. J.; Mcallister, J. G.; Rudman, T. J.; Stoneback, V. W.

1985-01-01

A reuseable orbit transfer vehicle concept was defined and subsequent recommendations for the design criteria of an advanced LO2/LH2 engine were presented. The major characteristics of the vehicle preliminary design include a low lift to drag aerocapture capability, main propulsion system failure criteria of fail operational/fail safe, and either two main engines with an attitude control system for backup or three main engines to meet the failure criteria. A maintenance and servicing approach was also established for the advanced vehicle and engine concepts. Design tradeoff study conclusions were based on the consideration of reliability, performance, life cycle costs, and mission flexibility.

Managing Cassini Safe Mode Attitude at Saturn

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burk, Thomas A.

2010-01-01

The Cassini spacecraft was launched on October 15, 1997 and arrived at Saturn on June 30, 2004. It has performed detailed observations and remote sensing of Saturn, its rings, and its satellites since that time. In the event safe mode interrupts normal orbital operations, Cassini has flight software fault protection algorithms to detect, isolate, and recover to a thermally safe and commandable attitude and then wait for further instructions from the ground. But the Saturn environment is complex, and safety hazards change depending on where Cassini is in its orbital trajectory around Saturn. Selecting an appropriate safe mode attitude that insures safe operation in the Saturn environment, including keeping the star tracker field of view clear of bright bodies, while maintaining a quiescent, commandable attitude, is a significant challenge. This paper discusses the Cassini safe table management strategy and the key criteria that must be considered, especially during low altitude flybys of Titan, in deciding what spacecraft attitude should be used in the event of safe mode.

Development of LIDAR sensor systems for autonomous safe landing on planetary bodies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amzajerdian, F.; Pierrottet, D.; Petway, L.; Vanek, M.

2017-11-01

Future NASA exploratory missions to the Moon and Mars will require safe soft-landings at the designated sites with a high degree of precision. These sites may include areas of high scientific value with relatively rough terrain with little or no solar illumination and possibly areas near pre-deployed assets. The ability of lidar technology to provide three-dimensional elevation maps of the terrain, high precision distance to the ground, and approach velocity can enable safe landing of large robotic and manned vehicles with a high degree of precision. Currently, NASA-LaRC is developing novel lidar sensors aimed at meeting NASA's objectives for future planetary landing missions under the Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance (ALHAT) project. These lidar sensors are 3-Dimensional Imaging Flash Lidar, Doppler Lidar, and Laser Altimeter. The Flash Lidar is capable of generating elevation maps of the terrain identifying hazardous features such as rocks, craters, and steep slopes. The elevation maps collected during the approach phase between 1000 m to 500 m above the ground can be used to determine the most suitable safe landing site. The Doppler Lidar provides highly accurate ground velocity and distance data allowing for precision navigation to the selected landing site. Prior to the approach phase at altitudes of over 15 km, the Laser Altimeter can provide sufficient data for updating the vehicle position and attitude data from the Inertial Measurement Unit. At these higher altitudes, either the Laser Altimeter or the Flash Lidar can be used for generating a contour map of the terrain below for identifying known surface features such as craters for further reducing the vehicle relative position error.

Development of lidar sensor systems for autonomous safe landing on planetary bodies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amzajerdian, F.; Pierrottet, D.; Petway, L.; Vanek, M.

2017-11-01

Future NASA exploratory missions to the Moon and Mars will require safe soft-landings at the designated sites with a high degree of precision. These sites may include areas of high scientific value with relatively rough terrain with little or no solar illumination and possibly areas near pre-deployed assets. The ability of lidar technology to provide three-dimensional elevation maps of the terrain, high precision distance to the ground, and approach velocity can enable safe landing of large robotic and manned vehicles with a high degree of precision. Currently, NASA-LaRC is developing novel lidar sensors aimed at meeting NASA's objectives for future planetary landing missions under the Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance (ALHAT) project [1]. These lidar sensors are 3-Dimensional Imaging Flash Lidar, Doppler Lidar, and Laser Altimeter. The Flash Lidar is capable of generating elevation maps of the terrain identifying hazardous features such as rocks, craters, and steep slopes. The elevation maps collected during the approach phase between 1000 m to 500 m above the ground can be used to determine the most suitable safe landing site. The Doppler Lidar provides highly accurate ground velocity and distance data allowing for precision navigation to the selected landing site. Prior to the approach phase at altitudes of over 15 km, the Laser Altimeter can provide sufficient data for updating the vehicle position and attitude data from the Inertial Measurement Unit. At these higher altitudes, either the Laser Altimeter or the Flash Lidar can be used for generating a contour map of the terrain below for identifying known surface features such as craters for further reducing the vehicle relative position error.

Integrated layout based Monte-Carlo simulation for design arc optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shao, Dongbing; Clevenger, Larry; Zhuang, Lei; Liebmann, Lars; Wong, Robert; Culp, James

2016-03-01

Design rules are created considering a wafer fail mechanism with the relevant design levels under various design cases, and the values are set to cover the worst scenario. Because of the simplification and generalization, design rule hinders, rather than helps, dense device scaling. As an example, SRAM designs always need extensive ground rule waivers. Furthermore, dense design also often involves "design arc", a collection of design rules, the sum of which equals critical pitch defined by technology. In design arc, a single rule change can lead to chain reaction of other rule violations. In this talk we present a methodology using Layout Based Monte-Carlo Simulation (LBMCS) with integrated multiple ground rule checks. We apply this methodology on SRAM word line contact, and the result is a layout that has balanced wafer fail risks based on Process Assumptions (PAs). This work was performed at the IBM Microelectronics Div, Semiconductor Research and Development Center, Hopewell Junction, NY 12533

Developing Performance Measures for Manned-Unmanned Teaming Skills

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-02-01

Moves aircraft to safe area Utilize standardized radio communication and signal operating procedures Perform BDA Utilize Standard report formats...UAS does not conduct BDA ; assumes target is destroyed without verification UAS evaluates target; reports BDA to engaging aircraft (or...ground unit) after prompting UAS evaluates target; proactively reports BDA to engaging aircraft (or ground unit) 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 B

A decision algorithm for determining safe clearing limits for the construction of skid roads

Treesearch

Chris LeDoux

2006-01-01

The majority of the timber harvested in the United States is extracted by ground-based skidders and crawler/dozer systems. Ground-based systems generally require a primary transportation network (a network of skid trails/roads) throughout the area being harvested. Logs are skidded or dragged along these skid roads/trails as they are transported from where they were cut...

APOLLO COMMAND MODULE (CM) - SAFE TOUCHDOWN - PACIFIC OCEAN

NASA Image and Video Library

1971-08-07

S71-41999 (7 Aug. 1971) --- The Apollo 15 Command Module (CM), with astronauts David R. Scott, commander; Alfred M. Worden, command module pilot; and James B. Irwin, lunar module pilot, aboard, nears a safe touchdown in the mid-Pacific Ocean to conclude a highly successful lunar landing mission. Although causing no harm to the crewmen, one of the three main parachutes failed to function properly. The splashdown occurred at 3:45:53 p.m. (CDT), Aug. 7, 1971, some 330 miles north of Honolulu, Hawaii. The three astronauts were picked up by helicopter and flown to the prime recovery ship USS Okinawa, which was only 6 1/2 miles away.

Fail-safe transcription termination: Because one is never enough

PubMed Central

Lemay, Jean-François; Bachand, François

2015-01-01

Termination of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription is a fundamental step of gene expression that involves the release of the nascent transcript and dissociation of RNAPII from the DNA template. As transcription termination is intimately linked to RNA 3′ end processing, termination pathways have a key decisive influence on the fate of the transcribed RNA. Quite remarkably, when reaching the 3′ end of genes, a substantial fraction of RNAPII fail to terminate transcription, requiring the contribution of alternative or “fail-safe” mechanisms of termination to release the polymerase. This point of view covers redundant mechanisms of transcription termination and how they relate to conventional termination models. In particular, we expand on recent findings that propose a reverse torpedo model of termination, in which the 3′5′ exonucleolytic activity of the RNA exosome targets transcription events associated with paused and backtracked RNAPII. PMID:26273910

The Presence of the Correlates of Effective Schools at the District Level: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, DeNelle

2013-01-01

Although the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) requires all American public schools to meet Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP), many fail to meet this standard each year. Effective Schools Research has revealed several correlates, such as a clear mission, a safe climate, strong instructional leadership, monitoring of student progress, strong…

28 CFR 90.106 - What are the grantee reporting requirements for the grant program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN Grants To Combat Violent Crimes Against Women on Campuses § 90.106 What..., Violence Against Women Office). Funding shall be suspended if a grantee fails to submit an annual..., Violence Against Women Office) and the Secretary of Education (U.S. Department of Education's Safe and Drug...

Is the cervical spine clear? Undetected cervical fractures diagnosed only at autopsy.

PubMed

Sweeney, J F; Rosemurgy, A S; Gill, S; Albrink, M H

1992-10-01

Undetected cervical-spine injuries are a nemesis to both trauma surgeons and emergency physicians. Radiographic protocols have been developed to avoid missing cervical-spine fractures but are not fail-safe. Three case reports of occult cervical fractures documented at autopsy in the face of normal cervical-spine radiographs and computerized tomography scans are presented.

76 FR 28226 - Ndahendekire Barbara v. African Shipping; Njoroge Muhia; Alco Logistics, Llc; Brenda Alexander...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-16

... international cargo shipping; Respondent Njoroge Muhia is Chief Executive Officer for African Shipping... containers and chassis to Mombasa Kenya, violated Section 10(d)(1) of the Shipping Act, 46 U.S.C. 41102(c), by ``failing to ensure that Ms. Barbara[`s] (sic) container was delivered safely, securely and on...

A Matter of Money? Policy Analysis of Rural Boarding Schools in China

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhao, Zhenzhou

2011-01-01

The Chinese government has shifted the pattern of rural schooling over the past decade, replacing village schools with urban boarding schools. The stated goal is to improve school quality, while deploying resources more effectively. However, the new boarding schools fail to provide a safe, healthy environment or protect and enable students' human…

Battery Control Algorithms | Transportation Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

publications. Accounting for Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation in Electric Vehicle Charging Optimization Advanced Reformulation of Lithium-Ion Battery Models for Enabling Electric Transportation Fail-Safe Design for Large Capacity Lithium-Ion Battery Systems Contact Ying Shi Email | 303-275-4240

Rotating assembly working group summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kulkarni, S. V.

1984-01-01

The feasibility of a fail safe flywheel system was demonstrated. Three of the major advantages of flywheel systems are: longer operational life, higher electrical efficiency, and higher system energy density. The use of composite material flywheels is important to realize these advantages. Rotor design and dynamics, rotor materials and fabrication, safety, nondestructive testing, and systems operation loads and environment, are outlined.

Human Factors Analysis to Improve the Processing of Ares-1 Launch Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stambolian, Damon B.; Dippolito, Gregory M.; Nyugen, Bao; Dischinger, Charles; Tran, Donald; Henderson, Gena; Barth, Tim

2011-01-01

This slide presentation reviews the use of Human Factors analysis in improving the ground processing procedures for the Ares-1 launch vehicle. The light vehicle engineering designers for Ares-l launch vehicle had to design the flight vehicle for effective, efficient and safe ground operations in the cramped dimensions in a rocket design. The use of a mockup of the area where the technician would be required to work proved to be a very effective method to promote the collaboration between the Ares-1 designers and the ground operations personnel.

A Study on Effect of Concrete Foundations on Resistance and Surface Potentials of Gas Insulated Substation Grounding Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rao, Mandava Mohana

2017-10-01

Ground resistance of high voltage substations must be as low as possible for safe grounding of their equipment both during normal and fault conditions. However, in gas insulated substations (GIS), even though resistance is low, it does not ensure the step and touch potentials of the grounding system within permissible levels. In the present study, an analytical model has been developed to calculate ground resistance, step and touch potentials of a grounding system used for GIS. Different models have been proposed for the evaluation of number of grounding rods to be inserted in to the ground. The effect of concrete foundations on above performance parameters has been analyzed by considering various fault currents, soil/earth resistivities and number of grounding rods. Finally, design optimization of GIS grounding system has been reported for fault currents in the order of 63 kA located in earth resistivity of 100Ω-m and above.

Estimate of safe human exposure levels for lunar dust based on comparative benchmark dose modeling.

PubMed

James, John T; Lam, Chiu-Wing; Santana, Patricia A; Scully, Robert R

2013-04-01

Brief exposures of Apollo astronauts to lunar dust occasionally elicited upper respiratory irritation; however, no limits were ever set for prolonged exposure to lunar dust. The United States and other space faring nations intend to return to the moon for extensive exploration within a few decades. In the meantime, habitats for that exploration, whether mobile or fixed, must be designed to limit human exposure to lunar dust to safe levels. Herein we estimate safe exposure limits for lunar dust collected during the Apollo 14 mission. We instilled three respirable-sized (∼2 μ mass median diameter) lunar dusts (two ground and one unground) and two standard dusts of widely different toxicities (quartz and TiO₂) into the respiratory system of rats. Rats in groups of six were given 0, 1, 2.5 or 7.5 mg of the test dust in a saline-Survanta® vehicle, and biochemical and cellular biomarkers of toxicity in lung lavage fluid were assayed 1 week and one month after instillation. By comparing the dose--response curves of sensitive biomarkers, we estimated safe exposure levels for astronauts and concluded that unground lunar dust and dust ground by two different methods were not toxicologically distinguishable. The safe exposure estimates were 1.3 ± 0.4 mg/m³ (jet-milled dust), 1.0 ± 0.5 mg/m³ (ball-milled dust) and 0.9 ± 0.3 mg/m³ (unground, natural dust). We estimate that 0.5-1 mg/m³ of lunar dust is safe for periodic human exposures during long stays in habitats on the lunar surface.

GLC_Exec v. 1.2.1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kilgore, Roger Martin; Soloboda, Alexander Joseph

Launching a rocket involves a controlled transition of the rocket subsystems from a quiescent state to the launch state (i.e., lift-off). In order to launch safely, with confidence that the rocket will successfully complete its mission, the state-of-health for all rocket subsystems and critical ground support equipment must be closely monitored throughout the launch process. This is accomplished by the ground support engineers using mission-specific ground support equipment. A subset of the GSE, the Remote Electrical Ground Interface System (REGIS), is located nearest the rocket to which it's connected via the Umbilical, a wiring harness providing power, sensor, and controlmore » lines. The REGIS also connects via Ethernet to the Ground Launch Computer (GLC).« less

Initial assessment of the ground-water resources in the Monterey Bay region, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Muir, K.S.

1977-01-01

Because urban growth has placed an increasing demand on the ground-water resources of the Monterey Bay region, Calif., an assessment of the ground-water conditions was made to aid the development of local and regional plans. Ground water provides 80 percent of the water used in the region, which includes six ground-water subbasins. In several of the subbasins, pumpage exceeds safe yield. Existing water-quality degradation results from seawater intrusion, septic-tank effluent, and irrigation-return water. Potential sources of degradation include municipal sewage disposal, leachates from solid-waste disposal sites, and poor-quality connate water. High-priority items for future study include location of recharge areas, detection of seawater intrusion, and well-monitoring of landfill sites. (Woodard-USGS)

Laser beamed power - Satellite demonstration applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Landis, Geoffrey A.; Westerlund, Larry H.

1992-01-01

Feasibility of using a ground-based laser to beam light to the solar arrays of orbiting satellites to a level sufficient to provide the operating power required is discussed. An example case of a GEO communications satellite near the end of life due to radiation damage of the solar arrays or battery failure is considered. It is concluded that the commercial satellite industry should be able to reap significant economic benefits through the use of power beaming which is capable of providing supplemental power for satellites with failing arrays, or primary power for failed batteries.

Flyover-noise measurement and prediction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peart, Noel A.

1991-01-01

Details are presented for the measurement and prediction of aircraft flyover noise to be used for certification, research and development, community noise surveys, airport monitors, and pass fail criteria. Test details presented are applicable to all types of aircraft, both large and small, and the use of Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) Part 36 (ref. 1) is emphasized. Accuracy of noise measurements is important. Thus, a pass-fail criterion should be used for all noise measurements. Finally, factors which influence the sound propagation and noise prediction procedures, such as atmospheric and ground effects, are also presented.

The Use of Molecular Techniques at Hazardous Waste Sites

EPA Science Inventory

It is clear that typical protocols used for soil analysis would certainly fail to adequately interrogate ground-water treatment systems unless they were substantially modified. The modifications found necessary to compensate for the low biomass include molecular tools and techniq...

30 CFR 75.705-5 - Installation of protective equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... equipment shall be used to cover all bare conductors, ground wires, guys, telephone lines, and other... safe position below the conductors or other apparatus being covered. Each rubber protective device...

30 CFR 75.705-5 - Installation of protective equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... equipment shall be used to cover all bare conductors, ground wires, guys, telephone lines, and other... safe position below the conductors or other apparatus being covered. Each rubber protective device...

30 CFR 77.1001 - Stripping; loose material.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Ground Control § 77.1001 Stripping; loose material. Loose hazardous material shall be stripped for a safe... angle of repose, or barriers, baffle boards, screens, or other devices be provided that afford...

Feasibility of Ground Testing a Moon and Mars Surface Power Reactor in EBR-II

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sheryl Morton; Carl Baily; Tom Hill

Ground testing of a surface fission power system would be necessary to verify the design and validate reactor performance to support safe and sustained human exploration of the Moon and Mars. The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has several facilities that could be adapted to support a ground test. This paper focuses on the feasibility of ground testing at the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) facility and using other INL existing infrastructure to support such a test. This brief study concludes that the INL EBR-II facility and supporting infrastructure are a viable option for ground testing the surface power system. Itmore » provides features and attributes that offer advantages to locating and performing ground testing at this site, and it could support the National Aeronautics and Space Administration schedules for human exploration of the Moon. This study used the initial concept examined by the U.S. Department of Energy Inter-laboratory Design and Analysis Support Team for surface power, a lowtemperature, liquid-metal, three-loop Brayton power system. With some facility modification, the EBR-II can safely house a test chamber and perform long-term testing of the space reactor power system. The INL infrastructure is available to receive and provide bonded storage for special nuclear materials. Facilities adjacent to EBR-II can provide the clean room environment needed to assemble and store the test article assembly, disassemble the power system at the conclusion of testing, and perform posttest examination. Capability for waste disposal is also available at the INL.« less

Feasibility of Ground Testing a Moon and Mars Surface Power Reactor in EBR-II

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Morton, Sheryl L.; Baily, Carl E.; Hill, Thomas J.

Ground testing of a surface fission power system would be necessary to verify the design and validate reactor performance to support safe and sustained human exploration of the Moon and Mars. The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has several facilities that could be adapted to support a ground test. This paper focuses on the feasibility of ground testing at the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) facility and using other INL existing infrastructure to support such a test. This brief study concludes that the INL EBR-II facility and supporting infrastructure are a viable option for ground testing the surface power system. Itmore » provides features and attributes that offer advantages to locating and performing ground testing at this site, and it could support the National Aeronautics and Space Administration schedules for human exploration of the Moon. This study used the initial concept examined by the U.S. Department of Energy Inter-laboratory Design and Analysis Support Team for surface power, a low-temperature, liquid-metal, three-loop Brayton power system. With some facility modification, the EBR-II can safely house a test chamber and perform long-term testing of the space reactor power system. The INL infrastructure is available to receive and provide bonded storage for special nuclear materials. Facilities adjacent to EBR-II can provide the clean room environment needed to assemble and store the test article assembly, disassemble the power system at the conclusion of testing, and perform posttest examination. Capability for waste disposal is also available at the INL.« less

Feasibility of Ground Testing a Moon and Mars Surface Power Reactor in EBR-II

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morton, Sheryl L.; Baily, Carl E.; Hill, Thomas J.; Werner, James E.

2006-01-01

Ground testing of a surface fission power system would be necessary to verify the design and validate reactor performance to support safe and sustained human exploration of the Moon and Mars. The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has several facilities that could be adapted to support a ground test. This paper focuses on the feasibility of ground testing at the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) facility and using other INL existing infrastructure to support such a test. This brief study concludes that the INL EBR-II facility and supporting infrastructure are a viable option for ground testing the surface power system. It provides features and attributes that offer advantages to locating and performing ground testing at this site, and it could support the National Aeronautics and Space Administration schedules for human exploration of the Moon. This study used the initial concept examined by the U.S. Department of Energy Inter-laboratory Design and Analysis Support Team for surface power, a low-temperature, liquid-metal, three-loop Brayton power system. With some facility modification, the EBR-II can safely house a test chamber and perform long-term testing of the space reactor power system. The INL infrastructure is available to receive and provide bonded storage for special nuclear materials. Facilities adjacent to EBR-II can provide the clean room environment needed to assemble and store the test article assembly, disassemble the power system at the conclusion of testing, and perform posttest examination. Capability for waste disposal is also available at the INL.

End-to-End Demonstrator of the Safe Affordable Fission Engine (SAFE) 30: Power Conversion and Ion Engine Operation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hrbud, Ivana; VanDyke, Melissa; Houts, Mike; Goodfellow, Keith; Schafer, Charles (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

The Safe Affordable Fission Engine (SAFE) test series addresses Phase 1 Space Fission Systems issues in particular non-nuclear testing and system integration issues leading to the testing and non-nuclear demonstration of a 400-kW fully integrated flight unit. The first part of the SAFE 30 test series demonstrated operation of the simulated nuclear core and heat pipe system. Experimental data acquired in a number of different test scenarios will validate existing computational models, demonstrated system flexibility (fast start-ups, multiple start-ups/shut downs), simulate predictable failure modes and operating environments. The objective of the second part is to demonstrate an integrated propulsion system consisting of a core, conversion system and a thruster where the system converts thermal heat into jet power. This end-to-end system demonstration sets a precedent for ground testing of nuclear electric propulsion systems. The paper describes the SAFE 30 end-to-end system demonstration and its subsystems.

Fractional laser skin resurfacing.

PubMed

Alexiades-Armenakas, Macrene R; Dover, Jeffrey S; Arndt, Kenneth A

2012-11-01

Laser skin resurfacing (LSR) has evolved over the past 2 decades from traditional ablative to fractional nonablative and fractional ablative resurfacing. Traditional ablative LSR was highly effective in reducing rhytides, photoaging, and acne scarring but was associated with significant side effects and complications. In contrast, nonablative LSR was very safe but failed to deliver consistent clinical improvement. Fractional LSR has achieved the middle ground; it combined the efficacy of traditional LSR with the safety of nonablative modalities. The first fractional laser was a nonablative erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser that produced microscopic columns of thermal injury in the epidermis and upper dermis. Heralding an entirely new concept of laser energy delivery, it delivered the laser beam in microarrays. It resulted in microscopic columns of treated tissue and intervening areas of untreated skin, which yielded rapid reepithelialization. Fractional delivery was quickly applied to ablative wavelengths such as carbon dioxide, Er:YAG, and yttrium scandium gallium garnet (2,790 nm), providing more significant clinical outcomes. Adjustable laser parameters, including power, pitch, dwell time, and spot density, allowed for precise determination of percent surface area, affected penetration depth, and clinical recovery time and efficacy. Fractional LSR has been a significant advance to the laser field, striking the balance between safety and efficacy.

Impact of a major hurricane on surgical services in a university hospital.

PubMed

Norcross, E D; Elliott, B M; Adams, D B; Crawford, F A

1993-01-01

Hurricane Hugo struck Charleston, South Carolina, on September 21, 1989. This report analyzes the impact this storm had upon surgical care at a university medical center. Although disaster planning began on September 17, hurricane damage by high winds and an 8.7-foot tidal surge led to loss of emergency power and water. Consequently, system failures occurred in air conditioning, vacuum suction, steam and ethylene oxide sterilization, plumbing, central paging, lighting, and refrigeration. The following surgical support services were affected. In the blood bank, lack of refrigeration meant no platelet packs for 2 days. In radiology, loss of electrical power damaged CT/MRI scanners and flooding ruined patient files, resulting in lost information. In the intensive care unit, loss of electricity meant no monitors and hand ventilation was used for 4 hours. In the operating room, lack of temperature and humidity control (steam, water, and suction supply) halted elective surgery until October 2. Ground and air transportation were limited by unsafe landing sites, impassable roads, and personnel exhaustion. Surgical planning for a major hurricane should include: 1) a fail-safe source of electrical power, 2) evacuation of as many critically ill patients as possible before the storm, 3) cancellation of all elective surgery, and 4) augmented ancillary service staffing with some, although limited, physician support.

Malpractice liability, technology choice and negative defensive medicine.

PubMed

Feess, Eberhard

2012-04-01

We extend the theoretical literature on the impact of malpractice liability by allowing for two treatment technologies, a safe and a risky one. The safe technology bears no failure risk, but leads to patient-specific disutility since it cannot completely solve the health problems. By contrast, the risky technology (for instance a surgery) may entirely cure patients, but fail with some probability depending on the hospital's care level. Tight malpractice liability increases care levels if the risky technology is chosen at all, but also leads to excessively high incentives for avoiding the liability exposure by adopting the safe technology. We refer to this distortion toward the safe technology as negative defensive medicine. Taking the problem of negative defensive medicine seriously, the second best optimal liability needs to balance between the over-incentive for the safe technology in case of tough liability and the incentive to adopt little care for the risky technology in case of weak liability. In a model with errors in court, we find that gross negligence where hospitals are held liable only for very low care levels outperforms standard negligence, even though standard negligence would implement the first best efficient care level.

Snakes in the Eagle’s Nest: A History of Ground Attacks on Air Bases,

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-01-01

CRETE The New Zealand Division (7,700 personnel) was deployed in the Maleme-Canea-Suda Bay area. Although its 5th Brigade was re- sponsible for the...forces. In contrast, the New Zealand defense of Maleme was hampered by their obsession with the seaborne threat to Suda Bay . The New Zealand ...attack on Crete. • New Zealand ground commanders on Crete failed to devote suf- ficient resources to the defense of Maleme Airfield. • German

Fracture control methods for space vehicles. Volume 1: Fracture control design methods. [for space shuttle configuration planning

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liu, A. F.

1974-01-01

A systematic approach for applying methods for fracture control in the structural components of space vehicles consists of four major steps. The first step is to define the primary load-carrying structural elements and the type of load, environment, and design stress levels acting upon them. The second step is to identify the potential fracture-critical parts by means of a selection logic flow diagram. The third step is to evaluate the safe-life and fail-safe capabilities of the specified part. The last step in the sequence is to apply the control procedures that will prevent damage to the fracture-critical parts. The fracture control methods discussed include fatigue design and analysis methods, methods for preventing crack-like defects, fracture mechanics analysis methods, and nondestructive evaluation methods. An example problem is presented for evaluation of the safe-crack-growth capability of the space shuttle crew compartment skin structure.

Small Drinking Water System Initiative | Drinking Water in New ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2017-07-06

Reliable, safe, high quality drinking water is essential to sustaining our communities. Approximately 90% of New England's drinking water systems - about 10,000 systems - are small and most use ground water sources.

The Safe Yield and Climatic Variability: Implications for Groundwater Management.

PubMed

Loáiciga, Hugo A

2017-05-01

Methods for calculating the safe yield are evaluated in this paper using a high-quality and long historical data set of groundwater recharge, discharge, extraction, and precipitation in a karst aquifer. Consideration is given to the role that climatic variability has on the determination of a climatically representative period with which to evaluate the safe yield. The methods employed to estimate the safe yield are consistent with its definition as a long-term average extraction rate that avoids adverse impacts on groundwater. The safe yield is a useful baseline for groundwater planning; yet, it is herein shown that it is not an operational rule that works well under all climatic conditions. This paper shows that due to the nature of dynamic groundwater processes it may be most appropriate to use an adaptive groundwater management strategy that links groundwater extraction rates to groundwater discharge rates, thus achieving a safe yield that represents an estimated long-term sustainable yield. An example of the calculation of the safe yield of the Edwards Aquifer (Texas) demonstrates that it is about one-half of the average annual recharge. © 2016, National Ground Water Association.

26 CFR 1.121-3 - Reduced maximum exclusion for taxpayers failing to meet certain requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... by reason of a change in place of employment, health, or unforeseen circumstances. If a safe harbor described in this section applies, a sale or exchange is deemed to be by reason of a change in place of... sale or exchange is by reason of a change in place of employment, health, or unforeseen circumstances...

26 CFR 1.121-3 - Reduced maximum exclusion for taxpayers failing to meet certain requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... by reason of a change in place of employment, health, or unforeseen circumstances. If a safe harbor described in this section applies, a sale or exchange is deemed to be by reason of a change in place of... sale or exchange is by reason of a change in place of employment, health, or unforeseen circumstances...

26 CFR 1.121-3 - Reduced maximum exclusion for taxpayers failing to meet certain requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... by reason of a change in place of employment, health, or unforeseen circumstances. If a safe harbor described in this section applies, a sale or exchange is deemed to be by reason of a change in place of... sale or exchange is by reason of a change in place of employment, health, or unforeseen circumstances...

26 CFR 1.121-3 - Reduced maximum exclusion for taxpayers failing to meet certain requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... by reason of a change in place of employment, health, or unforeseen circumstances. If a safe harbor described in this section applies, a sale or exchange is deemed to be by reason of a change in place of... sale or exchange is by reason of a change in place of employment, health, or unforeseen circumstances...

Toward A Fail-Safe Air Force Culture: Creating a Resilient Future While Avoiding Past Mistakes

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-10-01

process often uses the “ Swiss cheese ” model to evaluate accidents. The image of holes in the protective cheese layers (proactive and reactive measures...minimize the number and size of holes in each slice of cheese . More importantly, however, a HRO’s 16 focus is on “the process of the slices lining up as

Getting Comfortable with Failure and Vulnerability to Facilitate Learning and Innovation in the Game of School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Machajewski, Szymon

2017-01-01

Schools are to prepare students for success. However, they often villainize failure. Instead, schools should teach students how to fail fast and safely in order to learn and to allow innovation through vulnerability. The lessons that the gaming culture has for learning will define future strategies of teaching and learning. Games are sometimes…

26 CFR 1.121-3 - Reduced maximum exclusion for taxpayers failing to meet certain requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... by reason of a change in place of employment, health, or unforeseen circumstances. If a safe harbor described in this section applies, a sale or exchange is deemed to be by reason of a change in place of... sale or exchange is by reason of a change in place of employment, health, or unforeseen circumstances...

Securing Cyberspace: Approaches to Developing an Effective Cyber-Security Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-15

attackers, cyber - criminals or even teenage hackers. Protecting cyberspace is a national security priority. President Obama’s National Security...prefers to engage international law enforcement to investigate and catch cyber criminals .40 International cooperation could resolve jurisdictional...sheltered them. Similarly, a state that fails to prosecute cyber - criminals , or who gives safe haven to individuals or groups that conduct cyber-attacks

Snowmobiling in the 1980's: continued progress for a mature recreational activity

Treesearch

William T., Jr. Jobe

1980-01-01

In less than two decades, snowmobiling has changed from a novelty to a way of life for some 20,000,000 Canadian and American citizens of all ages. Why has snowmobiling continued to mushroom? Why did the challenges of inadequate safe use areas, public criticism and skepticism and primitive machines fail to doom the activity to a passing fad?

Failing Safely: Increasing Theology and Religious Studies Students' Resilience and Academic Confidence via Risk-Taking in Formative Assessment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cornwall, Susannah

2018-01-01

Students increasingly appear anxious, risk-averse, and worried about getting things "wrong." They may appear to lack intellectual curiosity, and be unwilling to engage in independent study. This essay explores how teaching and assessment in theology and religious studies might help students learn to take intellectual risks, and increase…

Electronic switches and control circuits: A compilation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

The innovations in this updated series of compilations dealing with electronic technology represents a carefully selected collection of items on electronic switches and control circuits. Most of the items are based on well-known circuit design concepts that have been simplified or refined to meet NASA's demanding requirement for reliability, simplicity, fail-safe characteristics, and the capability of withstanding environmental extremes.

Fail-Safe System against Potential Tumorigenicity after Transplantation of iPSC Derivatives.

PubMed

Itakura, Go; Kawabata, Soya; Ando, Miki; Nishiyama, Yuichiro; Sugai, Keiko; Ozaki, Masahiro; Iida, Tsuyoshi; Ookubo, Toshiki; Kojima, Kota; Kashiwagi, Rei; Yasutake, Kaori; Nakauchi, Hiromitsu; Miyoshi, Hiroyuki; Nagoshi, Narihito; Kohyama, Jun; Iwanami, Akio; Matsumoto, Morio; Nakamura, Masaya; Okano, Hideyuki

2017-03-14

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising in regenerative medicine. However, the risks of teratoma formation and the overgrowth of the transplanted cells continue to be major hurdles that must be overcome. Here, we examined the efficacy of the inducible caspase-9 (iCaspase9) gene as a fail-safe against undesired tumorigenic transformation of iPSC-derived somatic cells. We used a lentiviral vector to transduce iCaspase9 into two iPSC lines and assessed its efficacy in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the iCaspase9 system induced apoptosis in approximately 95% of both iPSCs and iPSC-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (iPSC-NS/PCs). To determine in vivo function, we transplanted iPSC-NS/PCs into the injured spinal cord of NOD/SCID mice. All transplanted cells whose mass effect was hindering motor function recovery were ablated upon transduction of iCaspase9. Our results suggest that the iCaspase9 system may serve as an important countermeasure against post-transplantation adverse events in stem cell transplant therapies. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Comparison of three humidifiers during high-frequency percussive ventilation using the VDR-4® Fail-safe Breathing Circuit Hub.

PubMed

Tiffin, Norman H; Short, Kathy A; Jones, Samuel W; Cairns, Bruce A

2011-01-01

The VDR-4® high-frequency percussive ventilator (HFPV) has been shown to be beneficial in the management of inhalation injury by improving secretion clearance while maintaining oxygenation and ventilation. Delivery of gas flow during HFPV could lack adequate humidification delivered to the patient because a major portion of the delivered gas flow would bypass the humidifier when using the original VDR-4® ventilator circuit. The authors tested a novel inline vaporizing humidifier and two gas-water interface humidifiers during HFPV using the new VDR-4® Fail-safe Breathing Circuit Hub® to determine whether delivered humidification could be improved. This new humidification system, the Hydrate Omni™, delivers water vapor into the gas flow of the ventilator circuit rather than water droplets as delivered by the gas-water interface humidifiers. Measurements of absolute humidity and gas temperature were made on the three different humidification systems using a test lung model under standard ambient conditions. The authors found that when using the novel inline vaporizer, it provided better humidification when compared with the standard gas-water interface humidifier during HFPV using the new VDR-4® breathing circuit.

Speak Simply When Warning About After Shocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Michael, A. J.; Hardebeck, J.; Page, M. T.; van der Elst, N.; Wein, A. M.

2016-12-01

When a fault in the ground slips, the ground moves fast and can shake hard. After a big ground shake, there are more shakes. We call them after shocks and these can happen over a long time, for many years. An after shock can shake the ground more than it shook the first time. These shocks can shake and break places where people live and work, make rocks fall down and the ground go soft and wet, and hurt or kill people. After shocks also make people worry. If people are scared, then they may leave the area and not come back. To help people be safe and feel calm we want to tell them what may happen. We often use big words and lots of numbers to give the chances for the number of shakes over days, weeks, and years. That helps some people fix things and do their jobs such as those who work on roads, power, water, phones, hospitals, schools or in the money business. But big words and too many numbers can confuse a lot of people and make them worry more. Studies of talking about the ground shake problem show that it is best to speak simply to people. What if we only use the ten hundred most often used words to talk about these ground shakes. Would that work? Here is a possible warning: Last week's huge ground shake will probably make more ground shakes. This week expect to feel three to ten ground shakes and maybe one big ground shake that could break things. That big ground shake has a chance of 1 in 10. This is normal. Be safe. Stay out of broken houses, shops, and work places. When you feel the ground shake: drop, cover, and hold on. People may feel afraid or be hurt, so check on friends and family. Get some more food and water. Over time there will be fewer ground shakes, but always be ready for them. That warning gives a lot of key ideas: what may happen, whether houses could get broken, that what is happening is normal, and what people may feel and should do. These are the key parts of a good warning. Maybe we should use the most often used words all the time.

Embracing Safe Ground Test Facility Operations and Maintenance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dunn, Steven C.; Green, Donald R.

2010-01-01

Conducting integrated operations and maintenance in wind tunnel ground test facilities requires a balance of meeting due dates, efficient operation, responsiveness to the test customer, data quality, effective maintenance (relating to readiness and reliability), and personnel and facility safety. Safety is non-negotiable, so the balance must be an "and" with other requirements and needs. Pressure to deliver services faster at increasing levels of quality in under-maintained facilities is typical. A challenge for management is to balance the "need for speed" with safety and quality. It s especially important to communicate this balance across the organization - workers, with a desire to perform, can be tempted to cut corners on defined processes to increase speed. Having a lean staff can extend the time required for pre-test preparations, so providing a safe work environment for facility personnel and providing good stewardship for expensive National capabilities can be put at risk by one well-intending person using at-risk behavior. This paper documents a specific, though typical, operational environment and cites management and worker safety initiatives and tools used to provide a safe work environment. Results are presented and clearly show that the work environment is a relatively safe one, though still not good enough to keep from preventing injury. So, the journey to a zero injury work environment - both in measured reality and in the minds of each employee - continues. The intent of this paper is to provide a benchmark for others with operational environments and stimulate additional sharing and discussion on having and keeping a safe work environment.

Teaching Values in the Schools: Clarification or Indoctrination?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baer, Richard A., Jr.

1982-01-01

Notes that both liberals and conservatives have criticized values clarification courses on the grounds that they assume only one correct position regarding values: ethical relativism. Maintains that values clarification fails to live up to its own claims of openness and neutrality. (Author/JM)

The design and implementation of on-line monitoring system for UHV compact shunt capacitors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tao, Weiliang; Ni, Xuefeng; Lin, Hao; Jiang, Shengbao

2017-08-01

Because of the large capacity and compact structure of the UHV compact shunt capacitor, it is difficult to take effective measures to detect and prevent the faults. If the fault capacitor fails to take timely maintenance, it will pose a threat to the safe operation of the system and the life safety of the maintenance personnel. The development of UHV compact shunt capacitor on-line monitoring system can detect and record the on-line operation information of UHV compact shunt capacitors, analyze and evaluate the early fault warning signs, find out the fault capacitor or the capacitor with fault symptom, to ensure safe and reliable operation of the system.

Holocamera for 3-D micrography of the alert human eye

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tokuda, A. R.; Auth, D. C.; Bruckner, A. P.

1980-07-01

A holocamera that safely records holograms of the full depth of the alert human eye with a spatial resolution of about 20 microns is described. A single-mode argon-ion laser generating 2 W at 5145 A serves as the illuminating source. Holographic exposure times of 0.3 msec are achieved by means of a fail-safe electromechanical shutter system. Integrated retinal irradiance levels are well under the American National Standards Institute safety standards. Reconstructed real images are projected directly onto the vidicon faceplate of a closed-circuit TV system, enabling convenient scanning in the x-y-z dimensions of the reconstructed eyeball. Serially reconstructed holograms of cataractous rabbit eyes and normal human eyes are presented.

Safe and rapid resolution of severe hypertriglyceridaemia in two patients with intravenous insulin.

PubMed

Triay, J M; Day, A; Singhal, P

2010-09-01

To rapidly reduce serum triglyceride to a safe serum level. Severe hypertriglyceridaemia is associated with uncontrolled diabetes, obesity and poor physical activity. Even moderate increases in triglyceride levels (> 5mmol/L) confer an increased risk of pancreatitis and coronary artery disease. We present two patients with diabetes and serum triglyceride levels of greater than 85mmol/L despite polypharmacy intervention. 72-hour intravenous insulin infusion was administered. Serum triglyceride levels fell to 9.4 and 4.6 mmol/L respectively, without adverse events and sustained effect over several months. We suggest the use of intravenous insulin infusion where lifestyle and oral drug therapies have failed can impact on severe hypertriglyceridaemia.

Approximating quantum many-body wave functions using artificial neural networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cai, Zi; Liu, Jinguo

2018-01-01

In this paper, we demonstrate the expressibility of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in quantum many-body physics by showing that a feed-forward neural network with a small number of hidden layers can be trained to approximate with high precision the ground states of some notable quantum many-body systems. We consider the one-dimensional free bosons and fermions, spinless fermions on a square lattice away from half-filling, as well as frustrated quantum magnetism with a rapidly oscillating ground-state characteristic function. In the latter case, an ANN with a standard architecture fails, while that with a slightly modified one successfully learns the frustration-induced complex sign rule in the ground state and approximates the ground states with high precisions. As an example of practical use of our method, we also perform the variational method to explore the ground state of an antiferromagnetic J1-J2 Heisenberg model.

Atmospheric Turbulence Effects on Near-Ground Wake Vortex Demise

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-01-20

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have been working jointly on a phased approach to implement wake avoidance solutions designed to safely reduce wake turbulence separation standards in ...

29 CFR 1917.111 - Maintenance and load limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... maintained. (b) Maximum safe load limits, in pounds per square foot (kilograms per square meter), of floors elevated above ground level, and pier structures over the water shall be conspicuously posted in all cargo...

Breaking New Ground

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jost, Bob; Peatross, Dita; Bullock, Kenneth L.

2006-01-01

Why do construction projects fail? Ineffective communication and collaboration, and poor pre-planning processes are among the reasons given by building owners in a recent survey. To avoid those pitfalls, colleges and universities need to take a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach to preplanning, financing and carrying out their master plans…

Factors that influence ground reaction force profiles during counter movement jumping.

PubMed

Eagles, Alexander N; Sayers, Mark G; Lovell, Dale I

2017-05-01

The purpose of this study was to examine how hip, knee and ankle kinetics and kinematics influence effective impulse production during countermovement jumps. Eighteen semi-professional soccer players (22.8±2.2 years) volunteered to participate in the study. Participants completed three maximal countermovement jumps on two force platforms (1000 Hz) that were linked to a nine camera infrared motion capture system (500 Hz). Kinetic and kinematic data revealed jumpers who fail to achieve uniform ground reaction force curves that result in optimal impulse production during their jump always display hip adduction and or hip internal rotation during the concentric phase of the countermovement jump. The variation of hip adduction and or internal rotation likely represents failed joint transition during the concentric phase of the countermovement jump and appears to account for a non-uniform force trace seen in these jumpers. The findings suggest rehabilitation and conditioning exercises for injury prevention and performance may benefit from targeting frontal and transverse plane movement.

Operation Safe Border: The Ecuador-Peru Crisis

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-01-01

52 JFQ / Spring 1996 In January 1995, the hemisphere was shocked by an outbreak of fighting between Ecuador and Peru over a long-festering border...Weidner, USA, is commander of the U.S. Military Group-Honduras and served as commander of the U.S. Contingent, Military Observer Mission, Ecuador ...Peru. Operation Safe Border: The Ecuador -Peru Crisis By G L E N N R. W E I D N E R Santiago River (fore- ground) and Yaupi River on Ecuador -Peru

Navigating Through Chaos: Charge Nurses and Patient Safety.

PubMed

Cathro, Heather

2016-04-01

The aim of this study was to explore actions and the processes charge nurses (CNs) implement to keep patients safe and generate an emerging theory to inform CN job descriptions, orientation, and training to promote patient safety in practice. Healthcare workers must provide a safe environment for patients. CNs are the frontline leaders on most hospital units and can function as gatekeepers for safe patient care. This grounded theory study utilized purposive sampling of CNs on medical-surgical units in a 400-bed metropolitan hospital. Data collection consisted of 11 interviews and 6 observations. The emerging theory was navigating through chaos: CNs balancing multiple roles, maintaining a watchful eye, and working with and leading the healthcare team to keep patients safe. CNs have knowledge of patients, staff, and complex healthcare environments, putting them in opportune positions to influence patient safety.

Rethinking voluntary euthanasia.

PubMed

Stoyles, Byron J; Costreie, Sorin

2013-12-01

Our goal in this article is to explicate the way, and the extent to which, euthanasia can be voluntary from both the perspective of the patient and the perspective of the health care providers involved in the patient's care. More significantly, we aim to challenge the way in which those engaged in ongoing philosophical debates regarding the morality of euthanasia draw distinctions between voluntary, involuntary, and nonvoluntary euthanasia on the grounds that drawing the distinctions in the traditional manner (1) fails to reflect what is important from the patient's perspective and (2) fails to reflect the significance of health care providers' interests, including their autonomy and integrity.

Investigation of electrical noise in selenium-immersed thermistor bolometers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tarpley, J. L.; Sarmiento, P. D.

1980-01-01

The selenium immersed, thermistor bolometer, IR detector failed due to spurious and escalating electrical noise outburst as a function of time at elevated temperatures during routine ground based testing in a space simulated environment. Spectrographic analysis of failed bolometers revealed selenium pure zones in the insulating selenium arsenic (Se-As) glass film which surrounds the active sintered Mn, Ni, Co oxide flake. The selenium pure film was identified as a potentially serious failure mechanism. Significant changes were instituted in the manufacturing techniques along with more stringent process controls which eliminated the selenium pure film and successfully produced 22study bolometers.

Secure Embedded System Design Methodologies for Military Cryptographic Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-31

Fault- Tree Analysis (FTA); Built-In Self-Test (BIST) Introduction Secure access-control systems restrict operations to authorized users via methods...failures in the individual software/processor elements, the question of exactly how unlikely is difficult to answer. Fault- Tree Analysis (FTA) has a...Collins of Sandia National Laboratories for years of sharing his extensive knowledge of Fail-Safe Design Assurance and Fault- Tree Analysis

Stress Corrosion of Ceramic Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-10-01

stresses are liable to fail after an indeterminate period of time, leading to a considerable uncertainty in the safe design stress. One of the objectives...of modern ceramics technology is to reduce the uncertainty associated with structural design , and hence, to improve our capabilities of designing ...processes that occur during stress corrosion cracking. Recent advances in th~earea of structural design with ceramic materials have lead to several

Intranasal dexmedetomidine for sedation for pediatric computed tomography imaging.

PubMed

Mekitarian Filho, Eduardo; Robinson, Fay; de Carvalho, Werther Brunow; Gilio, Alfredo Elias; Mason, Keira P

2015-05-01

This prospective observational pilot study evaluated the aerosolized intranasal route for dexmedetomidine as a safe, effective, and efficient option for infant and pediatric sedation for computed tomography imaging. The mean time to sedation was 13.4 minutes, with excellent image quality, no failed sedations, or significant adverse events. Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01900405. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Worcester 1 Inch Solenoid Actuated Gas Operated SCHe System Valves

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

VAN KATWIJK, C.

1 inch Gas-operated full-port ball valves incorporate a solenoid and limit switches as integral parts of the actuator. These valves are normally open and fail safe to the open position (GOV-1*02 and 1*06 fall closed) to provide a flow path of helium gas to the MCO under helium purge and off-normal conditions when the MCO is isolated.

Enhancing Students' Confidence in Employability Skills through the Practice of "Recall, Adapt and Apply"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sinclair, Alison J.

2017-01-01

The ability to apply prior knowledge to new challenges is a skill that is highly valued by employers, but the confidence to achieve this does not come naturally to all students. An essential step to becoming an independent researcher requires a transition between simply following a fail-safe set of instructions to being able to adapt a known…

Adherence of Pharmaceutical Advertisements in Medical Journals to FDA Guidelines and Content for Safe Prescribing

PubMed Central

Korenstein, Deborah; Keyhani, Salomeh; Mendelson, Ali; Ross, Joseph S.

2011-01-01

Background Physician-directed pharmaceutical advertising is regulated in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); adherence to current FDA guidelines is unknown. Our objective was to determine adherence rates of physician-directed print advertisements in biomedical journals to FDA guidelines and describe content important for safe prescribing. Methods and Findings Cross-sectional analysis of November 2008 pharmaceutical advertisements within top U.S.-based biomedical journals publishing original research. We excluded advertisements for devices, over the counter medications, and disease awareness. We utilized FDA guideline items identifying unique forms of advertisement bias to categorize advertisements as adherent to FDA guidelines, possibly non-adherent to at least 1 item, or non-adherent to at least 1 item. We also evaluated advertisement content important for safe prescribing, including benefit quantification, risk information and verifiable references. All advertisements were evaluated by 2 or more investigators, with differences resolved by discussion. Twelve journals met inclusion criteria. Nine contained pharmaceutical advertisements, including 192 advertisements for 82 unique products; median 2 per product (range 1–14). Six “teaser” advertisements presented only drug names, leaving 83 full unique advertisements. Fifteen advertisements (18.1%) adhered to all FDA guidelines, 41 (49.4%) were non-adherent with at least one form of FDA-described bias, and 27 (32.5%) were possibly non-adherent due to incomplete information. Content important for safe prescribing was often incomplete; 57.8% of advertisements did not quantify serious risks, 48.2% lacked verifiable references and 28.9% failed to present adequate efficacy quantification. Study limitations included its focus on advertisements from a single month, the subjectivity of FDA guidelines themselves, and the necessary subjectivity of determinations of adherence. Conclusions Few physician-directed print pharmaceutical advertisements adhere to all FDA guidelines; over half fail to quantify serious risks. The FDA could better protect public health by creating new more objective advertisement guidelines requiring transparent presentation of basic safety and efficacy information. PMID:21858076

Adherence of pharmaceutical advertisements in medical journals to FDA guidelines and content for safe prescribing.

PubMed

Korenstein, Deborah; Keyhani, Salomeh; Mendelson, Ali; Ross, Joseph S

2011-01-01

Physician-directed pharmaceutical advertising is regulated in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); adherence to current FDA guidelines is unknown. Our objective was to determine adherence rates of physician-directed print advertisements in biomedical journals to FDA guidelines and describe content important for safe prescribing. Cross-sectional analysis of November 2008 pharmaceutical advertisements within top U.S.-based biomedical journals publishing original research. We excluded advertisements for devices, over the counter medications, and disease awareness. We utilized FDA guideline items identifying unique forms of advertisement bias to categorize advertisements as adherent to FDA guidelines, possibly non-adherent to at least 1 item, or non-adherent to at least 1 item. We also evaluated advertisement content important for safe prescribing, including benefit quantification, risk information and verifiable references. All advertisements were evaluated by 2 or more investigators, with differences resolved by discussion. Twelve journals met inclusion criteria. Nine contained pharmaceutical advertisements, including 192 advertisements for 82 unique products; median 2 per product (range 1-14). Six "teaser" advertisements presented only drug names, leaving 83 full unique advertisements. Fifteen advertisements (18.1%) adhered to all FDA guidelines, 41 (49.4%) were non-adherent with at least one form of FDA-described bias, and 27 (32.5%) were possibly non-adherent due to incomplete information. Content important for safe prescribing was often incomplete; 57.8% of advertisements did not quantify serious risks, 48.2% lacked verifiable references and 28.9% failed to present adequate efficacy quantification. Study limitations included its focus on advertisements from a single month, the subjectivity of FDA guidelines themselves, and the necessary subjectivity of determinations of adherence. Few physician-directed print pharmaceutical advertisements adhere to all FDA guidelines; over half fail to quantify serious risks. The FDA could better protect public health by creating new more objective advertisement guidelines requiring transparent presentation of basic safety and efficacy information.

Evolution of shuttle avionics redundancy management/fault tolerance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boykin, J. C.; Thibodeau, J. R.; Schneider, H. E.

1985-01-01

The challenge of providing redundancy management (RM) and fault tolerance to meet the Shuttle Program requirements of fail operational/fail safe for the avionics systems was complicated by the critical program constraints of weight, cost, and schedule. The basic and sometimes false effectivity of less than pure RM designs is addressed. Evolution of the multiple input selection filter (the heart of the RM function) is discussed with emphasis on the subtle interactions of the flight control system that were found to be potentially catastrophic. Several other general RM development problems are discussed, with particular emphasis on the inertial measurement unit RM, indicative of the complexity of managing that three string system and its critical interfaces with the guidance and control systems.

Anti-backlash drive systems for multi-degree freedom devices

DOEpatents

Tsai, Lung-Wen; Chang, Sun-Lai

1993-01-01

A new and innovative concept for the control of backlash in gear-coupled transmission mechanisms. The concept utilizes redundant unidirectional drives to assure positive coupling of gear meshes at all times. Based on this concept, a methodology for the enumeration of admissible redundant-drive backlash-free robotic mechanisms has been established. Some typical two- and three-DOF mechanisms are disclosed. Furthermore, actuator torques have been derived as functions of either joint torques or end-effector dynamic performance requirements. A redundantly driven gear coupled transmission mechanism manipulator has a fail-safe advantage in that, except of the loss of backlash control, it can continue to function when one of its actuators fails. A two-DOF backlash-free arm has been reduced to practice to demonstrate the principle.

Safe-trajectory optimization and tracking control in ultra-close proximity to a failed satellite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Jingrui; Chu, Xiaoyu; Zhang, Yao; Hu, Quan; Zhai, Guang; Li, Yanyan

2018-03-01

This paper presents a trajectory-optimization method for a chaser spacecraft operating in ultra-close proximity to a failed satellite. Based on the combination of active and passive trajectory protection, the constraints in the optimization framework are formulated for collision avoidance and successful docking in the presence of any thruster failure. The constraints are then handled by an adaptive Gauss pseudospectral method, in which the dynamic residuals are used as the metric to determine the distribution of collocation points. A finite-time feedback control is further employed in tracking the optimized trajectory. In particular, the stability and convergence of the controller are proved. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Transarterial Onyx Embolization for Patients with Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas Who Have Failed Transvenous Embolization.

PubMed

Wen, Jun; Duan, Chuan-Zhi; Huang, Li-Jing; Zhang, Xin; He, Xu-Ying; Li, Xi-Feng

2015-09-01

Transvenous embolization is the treatment of choice for cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (csDAVFs) despite occasional difficulty in transvenous catheterization. We reported our experience in the treatment of csDAVFs by transarterial Onyx embolization in patients who had failed transvenous catheterization. We reviewed the clinical and radiographic records of csDAVFs patients receiving transarterial Onyx embolization after failed transvenous Onyx embolization at our institution over a period of 31 months. Success was defined as complete or near complete occlusion upon angiographic examination. In seven cases, the microcatheter failed to reach the cavernous sinus; in the remaining case, the internal jugular vein was occlusive. Eight sessions of the embolization and catheterization procedures via the arterial routes were conducted. Among them, five cases via the middle meningeal artery and the other three via the accessory meningeal artery. Angiography, immediately after embolization, revealed complete occlusion in seven cases (87.5 %) and partial occlusion in the remaining case. Angiographic follow-up (range, 6-10 months) showed that all patients achieved complete embolization. In cases where transvenous embolization of the cavernous sinus is difficult, transarterial embolization of the fistulas offers a safe and effective alternative.

After Action Report for the Service Response Force Conducting Operation Safe Removal, 5 January - 3 February 1993

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-03-01

proving ground operational from approximately 1917- 1919. 2. The initial response force to the site included the 67th Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD...conclusion determined that one round contained mustard agent (H) and two rounds contained fuming sulfuric acid, an experimental smoke mixture. 12. Throughout...Batt, subj: Assessment of Munitions Awaiting Transport to Aberdeen Proving Ground -Edgewood Area, 29 Jan 93 Note [Fax Transmittal], from TEU, to Mrs

Crewed Space Vehicle Battery Safety Requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jeevarajan, Judith A.; Darcy, Eric C.

2014-01-01

This requirements document is applicable to all batteries on crewed spacecraft, including vehicle, payload, and crew equipment batteries. It defines the specific provisions required to design a battery that is safe for ground personnel and crew members to handle and/or operate during all applicable phases of crewed missions, safe for use in the enclosed environment of a crewed space vehicle, and safe for use in launch vehicles, as well as in unpressurized spaces adjacent to the habitable portion of a space vehicle. The required provisions encompass hazard controls, design evaluation, and verification. The extent of the hazard controls and verification required depends on the applicability and credibility of the hazard to the specific battery design and applicable missions under review. Evaluation of the design and verification program results shall be completed prior to certification for flight and ground operations. This requirements document is geared toward the designers of battery systems to be used in crewed vehicles, crew equipment, crew suits, or batteries to be used in crewed vehicle systems and payloads (or experiments). This requirements document also applies to ground handling and testing of flight batteries. Specific design and verification requirements for a battery are dependent upon the battery chemistry, capacity, complexity, charging, environment, and application. The variety of battery chemistries available, combined with the variety of battery-powered applications, results in each battery application having specific, unique requirements pertinent to the specific battery application. However, there are basic requirements for all battery designs and applications, which are listed in section 4. Section 5 includes a description of hazards and controls and also includes requirements.

30 CFR 75.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... of an electrical protective device, based upon its required and intended application, to safely... Health Administration which describe and illustrate the complete assembly of electrical machinery or... phase. An unintentional connection between an electric circuit and the grounding system. Low voltage. Up...

MSL Parachute Flapping in the Wind

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-04-03

This image from NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter shows wind-caused changes in the parachute of NASA Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft as the chute lay on the Martian ground during months after its use in safe landing of the Curiosity rover.

Partnering Patterns and Sexual Behavior Among Korean Men Who Have Sex With Men.

PubMed

Jung, Minsoo

2016-01-01

This qualitative study investigates the different methods for selecting sex partners by Korean homosexuals considering factors related to homosexual identity and sexual behavior. We take the approach of the grounded theory to examine the issue of sexual partnering of men who have sex with men (MSM). In-depth interviews of urban MSM and bisexual men were conducted. The snowball sampled through a MSM portal web site. Three key informants from the several areas were collected through a MSM portal website, and then, participants were gradually recruited with the snowball samplings in South Korea, 2011 (n=32). The results of coding the interviews based on the grounded theory approach identified three types of partnering: 1) MSM who do not prefer anal intercourse, but pursue safe sex in long-term relationships with fixed partners; 2) those who have fixed partners and perform anal sex, a category into which both MSM and bisexuals fall; and 3) those engaged in anal sex, but enjoy a concurrent sexual relationship without having fixed partners, which was common among bisexuals. The findings from this study elucidate several MSM and bisexual partnering types practice safe sex. This diversity in MSM partnering may increase the vulnerability of some MSM to HIV infection as safe-sex practices remain a matter of individual choice. Changes in Korean societal policies are necessary to enhance capacity building and encourage the practice of safe sex at the community level.

Androgyny as Trait and as Role: Unresolved Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spence, Janet T.

In the late 1970's androgyny as a concept gained respectability, accompanied, however, by a backlash. Debate centered primarily on scientific grounds and both sides failed to define the concepts of masculinity, femininity and androgyny, including possible cultural relativity. Most empirical research on androgyny uses either the BSRI or the PAQ…

Management of post-traumatic elbow instability after failed radial head excision: A case report.

PubMed

Touloupakis, Georgios; Theodorakis, Emmanouil; Favetti, Fabio; Nannerini, Massimiliano

2017-02-01

Radial head excision has always been a safe commonly used surgical procedure with a satisfactory clinical outcome for isolated comminuted radial head fractures. However, diagnosis of elbow instability is still very challenging and often underestimated in routine orthopaedic evaluation. We present the case of a 21-years old female treated with excision after radial head fracture, resulting in elbow instability. The patient underwent revision surgery after four weeks. We believe that ligament reconstruction without radial head substitution is a safe alternative choice for Mason III radial head fractures accompanied by complex ligament lesions. Copyright © 2017 Daping Hospital and the Research Institute of Surgery of the Third Military Medical University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of Safe Water on Arsenicosis: A Follow-up Study.

PubMed

Majumdar, Kunal K; Ghose, Aloke; Ghose, Nilima; Biswas, Anirban; Mazumder, D N Guha

2014-04-01

Arsenic pollution in groundwater, used for drinking purposes, has been envisaged as a problem of global concern. Treatment options for the management symptoms of chronic arsenicosis are limited. Mitigation option available for dealing with the health problem of ground water arsenic contamination rests mainly on supply of arsenic safe water in arsenic-endemic region of Indo-Bangladesh subcontinent. Limited information is available regarding the long-term effect of chronic arsenic toxicity after stoppage of consumption of arsenic-containing water. The current study was, therefore, done to assess, objectively, the effect of drinking arsenic safe water (<50 μg/L) on disease manifestation of arsenicosis. Manifestations of various skin lesions and systemic diseases associated with chronic arsenic exposure were ascertained initially by carrying on baseline study on 208 participants in Nadia (Cohort-I, with skin lesion and Cohort-II, without skin lesion) using a scoring system, as developed by us, and compared objectively at the end of each year for 3 year follow-up period. All the participants who had arsenic contaminated drinking water source in their houses were supplied with arsenic removal filters for getting arsenic-free water during the follow-up period. In participants belonging to Cohort-I, the skin score was found to improve significantly at the end of each year, and it was found to be reduced significantly from 2.17 ± 1.09 to 1.23 ± 1.17; P < 0.001 at the end of 3 year's intervention study indicating beneficial effect of safe water on skin lesions. The systemic disease symptom score was also found to improve, but less significantly, at the end of 3 years in both the cohorts. Most important observation during the follow-up study was persistence of severe symptoms of chronic lung disease and severe skin lesion including Bowen's disease in spite of taking arsenic-safe water. Further, death could not be prevented to occur because of lung cancer and severe lung disease. It is, therefore, an urgent need to make arrangement for availability of safe water source among the arsenic-affected people in the district. Many of the people in the affected villages are not aware of contamination of their home tube wells with arsenic. Awareness generation and motivation of the people for testing their drinking water sources for arsenic and environmental interventions like rain water harvesting, ground water recharge, and restricting excessive use of ground water for domestic and agricultural purposes are also important to prevent further exposure of arsenic to these people.

Essential methodological considerations when using grounded theory.

PubMed

Achora, Susan; Matua, Gerald Amandu

2016-07-01

To suggest important methodological considerations when using grounded theory. A research method widely used in nursing research is grounded theory, at the centre of which is theory construction. However, researchers still struggle with some of its methodological issues. Although grounded theory is widely used to study and explain issues in nursing practice, many researchers are still failing to adhere to its rigorous standards. Researchers should articulate the focus of their investigations - the substantive area of interest as well as the focal population. This should be followed by a succinct explanation of the strategies used to collect and analyse data, supported by clear coding processes. Finally, the resolution of the core issues, including the core category and related categories, should be explained to advance readers' understanding. Researchers should endeavour to understand the tenets of grounded theory. This enables 'neophytes' in particular to make methodological decisions that will improve their studies' rigour and fit with grounded theory. This paper complements the current dialogue on improving the understanding of grounded theory methodology in nursing research. The paper also suggests important procedural decisions researchers need to make to preserve their studies' scientific merit and fit with grounded theory.

Predicted Attenuation Relation and Observed Ground Motion of Gorkha Nepal Earthquake of 25 April 2015

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, R. P.; Ahmad, R.

2015-12-01

A comparison of recent observed ground motion parameters of recent Gorkha Nepal earthquake of 25 April 2015 (Mw 7.8) with the predicted ground motion parameters using exitsing attenuation relation of the Himalayan region will be presented. The recent earthquake took about 8000 lives and destroyed thousands of poor quality of buildings and the earthquake was felt by millions of people living in Nepal, China, India, Bangladesh, and Bhutan. The knowledge of ground parameters are very important in developing seismic code of seismic prone regions like Himalaya for better design of buildings. The ground parameters recorded in recent earthquake event and aftershocks are compared with attenuation relations for the Himalayan region, the predicted ground motion parameters show good correlation with the observed ground parameters. The results will be of great use to Civil engineers in updating existing building codes in the Himlayan and surrounding regions and also for the evaluation of seismic hazards. The results clearly show that the attenuation relation developed for the Himalayan region should be only used, other attenuation relations based on other regions fail to provide good estimate of observed ground motion parameters.

Dechlorination of TCE with palladized iron

DOEpatents

Fernando, Quintus; Muftikian, Rosy; Korte, Nic

1997-01-01

The present invention relates to various methods, such as an above-ground method and an in-ground method, of using a palladized iron bimetallic system for the dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds from effluents containing the same. The use of palladized iron bimetallic system results in the dechlorination of the chlorinated organic compound into environmentally safe reaction products. The present invention also provides kits, devices, and other instruments that use the above-mentioned palladized iron bimetallic system for the dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds.

Dechlorination of TCE with palladized iron

DOEpatents

Fernando, Quintus; Muftikian, Rosy; Korte, Nic

1998-01-01

The present invention relates to various methods, such as an above-ground method and an in-ground method, of using a palladized iron bimetallic system for the dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds from effluents containing the same. The use of palladized iron bimetallic system results in the dechlorination of the chlorinated organic compound into environmentally safe reaction products. The present invention also provides kits, devices, and other instruments that use the above-mentioned palladized iron bimetallic system for the dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds.

Macrocognition in Teams and Analysis of Information Flow During the Haiti Disaster Relief

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

supplies, clean water and electricity. TIE TIE TIE Local soccer field is now a safe landing ground for helicopters. TIE TIE TIE Five flights have...TIE TIE OR’s adequate medical supplies, clean water and electricity (generator) TIE TIE TIE Local soccer field is landing pad. TIE TIE TIE 5... soccer /helo pad, TIE TIE TIE Have own ambulances for transport. TIE TIE TIE 62 Contact: "NAME" (Ground Coordinator) Haiti cell "PHONE", "E

Space station operations task force. Panel 2 report: Ground operations and support systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1987-01-01

The Ground Operations Concept embodied in this report provides for safe multi-user utilization of the Space Station, eases user integration, and gives users autonomy and flexibility. It provides for meaningful multi-national participation while protecting U.S. interests. The concept also supports continued space operations technology development by maintaining NASA expertise and enabling technology evolution. Given attention here are pre/post flight operations, logistics, sustaining engineering/configuration management, transportation services/rescue, and information systems and communication.

Dechlorination of TCE with palladized iron

DOEpatents

Fernando, Q.; Muftikian, R.; Korte, N.

1998-06-02

The present invention relates to various methods, such as an above-ground method and an in-ground method, of using a palladized iron bimetallic system for the dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds from effluents containing the same. The use of palladized iron bimetallic system results in the dechlorination of the chlorinated organic compound into environmentally safe reaction products. The present invention also provides kits, devices, and other instruments that use the above-mentioned palladized iron bimetallic system for the dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds. 10 figs.

Dechlorination of TCE with palladized iron

DOEpatents

Fernando, Q.; Muftikian, R.; Korte, N.

1997-03-18

The present invention relates to various methods, such as an above-ground method and an in-ground method, of using a palladized iron bimetallic system for the dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds from effluents containing the same. The use of palladized iron bimetallic system results in the dechlorination of the chlorinated organic compound into environmentally safe reaction products. The present invention also provides kits, devices, and other instruments that use the above-mentioned palladized iron bimetallic system for the dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds. 10 figs.

CHEMICAL RIGIDIZATION OF EXPANDABLE STRUCTURES.

DTIC Science & Technology

The objective of this program was to develop a chemical rigidization process that could be activated by an on-command mechanism and be capable of...and rigidized in the high vacuum facilities atWright-Patterson AFB, Ohio and were delivered to the Air Force. A fail-safe chemical rigidization system...have been varied from fifteen minutes to two hours. The chemical system, a vinyl-type monomer, has exhibited a sustained shelf-life, under ambient

Efficiently, Effectively Detecting Mobile App Bugs with AppDoctor

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

1 ∼ 5 ACV Comic Viewer 2 1 ∼ 5 Yes OpenSudoku 1 1 ∼ 5 Yes OI Notepad 1 0.1 ∼ 0.5 Yes OI Safe 1 0.1 ∼ 0.5 Yes Table 1: Each app’s bug count. First row... Comic Viewer Incorrect assumption of the presence of Google Services caused a crash Reported 6 ACV Comic Viewer Failed to check for the failure of

FAIL-SAFE: Fault Aware IntelLigent Software for Exascale

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-13

and that these programs can continue to correct solutions. To broaden the impact of this research, we also needed to be able to ameliorate errors...designing an interface between the application and an introspection framework for resilience ( IFR ) based on the inference engine SHINE; (4) using...the ROSE compiler to translate annotations into reasoning rules for the IFR ; and (5) designing a Knowledge/Experience Database, which will store

Rational use of analgesic combinations.

PubMed

Phero, James C; Becker, Daniel

2002-10-01

Careful selection of an effective analgesic regimen based on the amount and type of pain the patient is expected to have can prevent the stress and anxiety associated with breakthrough pain. When analgesics fail, it is not unusual for patients to go to desperate lengths to seek relief. The clinician can and should develop a variety of effective, safe analgesic regimens based on estimates of anticipated pain intensity that apply sound pharmacologic principles.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Evaluation of the Safety of Animal Clones: A Failure to Recognize the Normativity of Risk Assessment Projects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meghani, Zahra; de Melo-Martin, Inmaculada

2009-01-01

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced recently that food products derived from some animal clones and their offspring are safe for human consumption. In response to criticism that it had failed to engage with ethical, social, and economic concerns raised by livestock cloning, the FDA argued that addressing normative issues prior to…

An Approach to Forward Presence in a Resource-Constrained Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

working quietly to coordinate cooperation between Indonesia, Malaysia , and Singapore , who were historically distrustful of each other. Through...freedom of action. Non-state actors will likely seek to capitalize on these weakening and corrupt failing states as potential safe havens. The low...11 Figure 1. 2011 Defense Spending: United States vs . 16 Next Leading Spenders44 Department of Defense can feel like it is hard pressed for

27 CFR 53.159 - Deposit requirement for deposits made for calendar quarters beginning on or after July 1, 1995.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... required under this part, the appropriate TTB officer may withdraw the person's right to use the safe... officer may also require a taxpayer who fails to make deposits of tax to file a monthly or semimonthly...-25, each deposit required to be made by this section shall be made not later than the 9th day of the...

Fail-Safe Design for Large Capacity Lithium-Ion Battery Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, G. H.; Smith, K.; Ireland, J.

2012-07-15

A fault leading to a thermal runaway in a lithium-ion battery is believed to grow over time from a latent defect. Significant efforts have been made to detect lithium-ion battery safety faults to proactively facilitate actions minimizing subsequent losses. Scaling up a battery greatly changes the thermal and electrical signals of a system developing a defect and its consequent behaviors during fault evolution. In a large-capacity system such as a battery for an electric vehicle, detecting a fault signal and confining the fault locally in the system are extremely challenging. This paper introduces a fail-safe design methodology for large-capacity lithium-ionmore » battery systems. Analysis using an internal short circuit response model for multi-cell packs is presented that demonstrates the viability of the proposed concept for various design parameters and operating conditions. Locating a faulty cell in a multiple-cell module and determining the status of the fault's evolution can be achieved using signals easily measured from the electric terminals of the module. A methodology is introduced for electrical isolation of a faulty cell from the healthy cells in a system to prevent further electrical energy feed into the fault. Experimental demonstration is presented supporting the model results.« less

Effects of foot reflexology on fatigue, sleep and pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Lee, Jeongsoon; Han, Misook; Chung, Younghae; Kim, Jinsun; Choi, Jungsook

2011-12-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of foot reflexology on fatigue, sleep and pain. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Electronic database and manual searches were conducted on all published studies reporting the effects of foot reflexology on fatigue, sleep, and pain. Forty four studies were eligible including 15 studies associated with fatigue, 18 with sleep, and 11 with pain. The effects of foot reflexology were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2.0. The homogeneity and the fail-safe N were calculated. Moreover, a funnel plot was used to assess publication bias. The effects on fatigue, sleep, and pain were not homogeneous and ranged from 0.63 to 5.29, 0.01 to 3.22, and 0.43 to 2.67, respectively. The weighted averages for fatigue, sleep, and pain were 1.43, 1.19, and 1.35, respectively. No publication bias was detected as evaluated by fail-safe N. Foot reflexology had a larger effect on fatigue and sleep and a smaller effect on pain. This meta-analysis indicates that foot reflexology is a useful nursing intervention to relieve fatigue and to promote sleep. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of foot reflexology on outcome variables other than fatigue, sleep and pain.

[Use of Gastrografin(®) in the management of adhesion intestinal obstruction].

PubMed

Mora López, Laura; Serra-Aracil, Xavier; Llaquet Bayo, Heura; Navarro Soto, Salvador

2013-01-01

Adhesions are the most important cause of intestinal obstruction. Approximately 25% of surgical admissions for acute abdominal conditions are due to intestinal obstruction. Better diagnostic and treatment methods of intestinal obstruction could potentially reduce mortality rate to 5-10%. Gastrografin(®) could contribute to this achieve this. To present a protocol to treat adhesion intestinal obstruction with Gastrografin(®) that is safe, and allows shorter hospital stays and shorter time between admission and surgery. All patients with adhesion intestinal obstruction without symptoms of strangulation were treated with Gastrografin(®), intravenous fluids and nasogastric tube. Those in whom contrast reach the colon in 8, 12 or 24hours were considered to have partial obstruction, and were fed orally. If Gastrografin(®) failed in the following 24hours, a laparotomy was performed. Out of a total of 211 episodes (164 patients), 170 episodes received contrast and in 142 cases Gastrografin(®) reached the colon (104 episodes at 8h, 11 at 12h, and 27 at 24h). A laparotomy was required in 28 patients because of failed treatment, and in another 5 for other causes. A management protocol for adhesion intestinal obstruction with Gastrografin(®) is safe, reduces morbidity and mortality, and leads to a shorter hospital stay. Copyright © 2012 AEC. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

75 FR 41923 - Public Meeting on Draft Recommendations for Safely Transporting Children in Specific Situations...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-19

...) protect the head, neck and spine of all children transported in ground ambulances. By ensuring that these... transport (newborn with Mother, multiple children, etc.). The full text of the recommendations and the draft...

Needle Revision With 5-fluorouracil for the Treatment of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Filtering Blebs: 5-Fluoruracil Needling Revision can be a Useful and Safe Tool in the Management of Failing Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Filtering Blebs.

PubMed

Quaranta, Luciano; Floriani, Irene; Hollander, Lital; Poli, Davide; Katsanos, Andreas; Konstas, Anastasios G P

2016-04-01

To determine the outcome of needling with adjunctive 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with a failing Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implant, and to identify predictors of long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) control. A prospective observational study was performed on consecutive patients with medically uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with AGV encapsulation or fibrosis and inadequate IOP control. Bleb needling with 5-FU injection (0.1 mL of 50 mg/mL) was performed at the slit-lamp. Patients were examined 1 week following the needling, and then at months 1, 3, and 6. Subsequent follow-up visits were scheduled at 6-month intervals for at least 2 years. Needling with 5-FU was repeated no more than twice during the first 3 months of the follow-up. Procedure outcome was determined on the basis of the recorded IOP levels. Thirty-six patients with an encapsulated or fibrotic AGV underwent 67procedures (mean 1.86 ± 0.83). Complete success, defined as IOP ≤ 18 mm Hg without medications, was obtained in 25% at 24 months of observation. The cumulative proportion of cases achieving either qualified (ie, IOP ≤ 18 mm Hg with medications) or complete success at 24 months of observation was 72.2%. In a univariate Cox proportional hazards model, age was the only variable that independently influenced the risk of failing 5-FU needling revision. Fourteen eyes (38.8%) had a documented complication. Needling over the plate of an AGV supplemented with 5-FU is an effective and safe choice in a significant proportion of POAG patients with elevated IOP due to encapsulation or fibrosis.

Recombinant Newcastle disease viral vector expressing hemagglutinin or fusion of canine distemper virus is safe and immunogenic in minks.

PubMed

Ge, Jinying; Wang, Xijun; Tian, Meijie; Gao, Yuwei; Wen, Zhiyuan; Yu, Guimei; Zhou, Weiwei; Zu, Shulong; Bu, Zhigao

2015-05-15

Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) infects many carnivores and cause several high-mortality disease outbreaks. The current CDV live vaccine cannot be safely used in some exotic species, such as mink and ferret. Here, we generated recombinant lentogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) LaSota expressing either envelope glycoproyein, heamagglutinine (H) or fusion protein (F), named as rLa-CDVH and rLa-CDVF, respectively. The feasibility of these recombinant NDVs to serve as live virus-vectored CD vaccine was evaluated in minks. rLa-CDVH induced significant neutralization antibodies (NA) to CDV and provided solid protection against virulent CDV challenge. On the contrast, rLa-CDVF induced much lower NA to CDV and fail to protected mink from virulent CDV challenge. Results suggest that recombinant NDV expressing CDV H is safe and efficient candidate vaccine against CDV in mink, and maybe other host species. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A system to test the ground surface conditions of construction sites--for safe and efficient work without physical strain.

PubMed

Koningsveld, Ernst; van der Grinten, Maarten; van der Molen, Henk; Krause, Frank

2005-07-01

Ground surface conditions on construction sites have an important influence on the health and safety of workers and their productivity. The development of an expert-based "working conditions evaluation" system is described, intended to assist site managers in recognising unsatisfactory ground conditions and remedying these. The system was evaluated in the period 2002-2003. The evaluation shows that companies recognize poor soil/ground conditions as problematic, but are not aware of the specific physical workload hazards. The developed methods allow assessment of the ground surface quality and selection of appropriate measures for improvement. However, barriers exist at present to wide implementation of the system across the industry. Most significant of these is that responsibility for a site's condition is not clearly located within contracting arrangements, nor is it a topic of serious negotiation.

The perceived compatibility of safety and production expectations in hazardous occupations.

PubMed

McLain, David L; Jarrell, Kimberly A

2007-01-01

Safety hazards are unavoidable in many work environments. Employees must be both productive and safe, however, conflicting safety and production demands can negatively affect safety, production, or both. The employee's perception of the compatibility of management's safety and production expectations is a possible predictor of such consequences. This paper defines "safety-production compatibility" and describes how measures of safety-production compatibility, as well as safety pressure and production pressure, were developed. We used LISREL structural equation modeling to test the influences of safety-production compatibility, safety pressure, and production pressure on safe work behavior and interference with performing other work tasks. The 239 study participants were workers employed in diverse but hazardous occupations. Pressure to work safely was positively associated with safe work behavior. The perceived compatibility of safety and production demands positively influenced safe work behavior and reduced the interference of safety hazards performing other tasks. Safety-production compatibility was also found to mediate the relationship between trust in management and safe work behavior. The results of this field study suggest increased compatibility, and thus less conflict, between safety and production demands influences safe work behavior and the interference of safety hazards with performing other work tasks. More broadly, the worker's reaction to multiple work demands is a safety and performance influence. Safety management efforts that focus only on the hazards fail to eliminate many accidents because accidents arise from many factors including technology, safety climate, social influences, production, and safety demands. This study suggests that workers differ in their perception of the compatibility of safety and production demands. These differences will show up in safe work behavior, influencing the effectiveness of safety management efforts and the trust workers have in management's concern for safety.

Anti-backlash drive systems for multi-degree freedom devices

DOEpatents

Lungwen Tsai; Sunlai Chang.

1993-09-14

A new and innovative concept is described for the control of backlash in gear-coupled transmission mechanisms. The concept utilizes redundant unidirectional drives to assure positive coupling of gear meshes at all times. Based on this concept, a methodology for the enumeration of admissible redundant-drive backlash-free robotic mechanisms has been established. Some typical two- and three-DOF mechanisms are disclosed. Furthermore, actuator torques have been derived as functions of either joint torques or end-effector dynamic performance requirements. A redundantly driven gear coupled transmission mechanism manipulator has a fail-safe advantage in that, except of the loss of backlash control, it can continue to function when one of its actuators fails. A two-DOF backlash-free arm has been reduced to practice to demonstrate the principle. 20 figures.

Driving with diabetes: the automatism defence.

PubMed

Griffith, Richard; Tengnah, Cassam

2011-02-01

The tragic case of a district nurse killed when a car driven by a man in a hypoglycaemic state struck her while she took her regular evening walk highlights the dangers that can occur when a person with diabetes drives without regard to their condition. The man was later jailed for four and a half years for causing death by dangerous driving having been found criminally responsible for his actions because he failed to control his blood sugar levels during the journey. In this article the authors set out the likely consequences for people with diabetes who fail in their duty to ensure that they are able to drive safely and are unlikely to be affected by the adverse effects of their illness or the medication taken to control it.

Tracing ground water input to base flow using sulfate (S, O) isotopes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gu, A.; Gray, F.; Eastoe, C.J.; Norman, L.M.; Duarte, O.; Long, A.

2008-01-01

Sulfate (S and O) isotopes used in conjunction with sulfate concentration provide a tracer for ground water contributions to base flow. They are particularly useful in areas where rock sources of contrasting S isotope character are juxtaposed, where water chemistry or H and O isotopes fail to distinguish water sources, and in arid areas where rain water contributions to base flow are minimal. Sonoita Creek basin in southern Arizona, where evaporite and igneous sources of sulfur are commonly juxtaposed, serves as an example. Base flow in Sonoita Creek is a mixture of three ground water sources: A, basin ground water with sulfate resembling that from Permian evaporite; B, ground water from the Patagonia Mountains; and C, ground water associated with Temporal Gulch. B and C contain sulfate like that of acid rock drainage in the region but differ in sulfate content. Source A contributes 50% to 70%, with the remainder equally divided between B and C during the base flow seasons. The proportion of B generally increases downstream. The proportion of A is greatest under drought conditions.

75 FR 22868 - Withdrawal of Regulatory Guide

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-30

... Characterization of Seismic Sources and Determination of Safe Shutdown Earthquake Ground Motion.'' FOR FURTHER.... Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is withdrawing RG 1.165, ``Identification and Characterization of... alter the licensing basis of any currently operating reactor or any of the currently issued early site...

Station set requirements document. Volume 82: Fire support. Book 2: Preliminary functional fire plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gray, N. C.

1974-01-01

The fire prevention/protection requirements for all shuttle facility and ground support equipment are presented for the hazardous operations. These include: preparing the orbiter for launch, launch operations, landing operations, safing operations, and associated off-line activities.

Safe Emergency Evacuation From Tall Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stephan, E. S.

1984-01-01

Emergency egress system allows people to be evacuated quickly from tall structures. New emergency system applicable to rescues from fires in tall hotels and other buildings. System consists of basket on slide wire. Basket descends by gravity on sloped slide wire staked to ground.

U1A Complex

ScienceCinema

None

2018-01-16

Some of the most sophisticated experiments in the stockpile stewardship program are conducted in an environmentally safe manner, nearly 1000 feet below the ground at the site. The U1a complex a sprawling underground laboratory and tunnel complex is home to a number of unique capabilities.

The History of Black Star Picture Agency: "Life's" European Connection.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, C. Zoe

Historians of photography have failed to explore the origins of the Black Star Picture Agency and how it introduced experienced photojournalists to Henry Luce, a publisher attempting to break new ground in American journalism with the introduction of a picture magazine, "Life," in 1936. Black Star's founders, Ernest Mayer, Kurt Kornfeld,…

Students Fail to Transfer Knowledge of Chromosome Structure to Topics Pertaining to Cell Division

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newman, Dina L.; Catavero, Christina M.; Wright, L. Kate

2012-01-01

Cellular processes that rely on knowledge of molecular behavior are difficult for students to comprehend. For example, thorough understanding of meiosis requires students to integrate several complex concepts related to chromosome structure and function. Using a grounded theory approach, we have unified classroom observations, assessment data, and…

Failing To Marvel: The Nuances, Complexities, and Challenges of Multicultural Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simoes de Carvalho, Paulo M.

1998-01-01

Reviews the complex nature of multicultural education, which as it advocates recognition of the values of many cultures, is nevertheless grounded in a Western culture and subject to Western deconstruction. Considers the challenge of the multicultural educator to recognize his or her own voice as representative of the dominant culture. (SLD)

Making the Grounds of Scientific Inquiry Visible in the Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lucas, Deborah; Broderick, Nichole; Lehrer, Richard; Bohanan, Robert

2005-01-01

As every parent knows, children are no slouches at generating questions. But the scientific potential in a child's spontaneous question can easily be lost; children often fail to take the step beyond casual curiosity into systematic inquiry. Questioning is indeed robustly rooted in children's everyday ways of thinking about the world, but serious…

Who Benefits from Failing Urban Schools? An Essay

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haberman, Martin

2007-01-01

This author speculates about who benefits from school failure. The article is grounded in the author's personal reflections over 50 years of involvement with urban schools, teachers, students, and administrators. He provides an in-depth critique of identifying the causes of school failure in the personal shortcomings of children and their families…

21 CFR 900.16 - Appeals of denials of certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... accreditation body. Appeals for facilities that have failed to become accredited are governed by the procedures... facility will not permit inspections or provide access to records or information in a timely fashion; or (3... accreditation body, FDA shall provide the facility with a statement of the grounds on which the denial is based...

21 CFR 900.16 - Appeals of denials of certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... accreditation body. Appeals for facilities that have failed to become accredited are governed by the procedures... facility will not permit inspections or provide access to records or information in a timely fashion; or (3... accreditation body, FDA shall provide the facility with a statement of the grounds on which the denial is based...

8 CFR 245a.37 - Termination of Family Unity Program benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) The alien, upon whose status Family Unity benefits under the LIFE Act were based, fails to apply for... Unity benefits under the LIFE Act Amendments shall render the alien amenable to removal under any ground... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Termination of Family Unity Program...

8 CFR 245a.37 - Termination of Family Unity Program benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) The alien, upon whose status Family Unity benefits under the LIFE Act were based, fails to apply for... Unity benefits under the LIFE Act Amendments shall render the alien amenable to removal under any ground... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Termination of Family Unity Program...

Aviation and the environment : initial voluntary airport low emissions program projects reduce emissions, and FAA plans to assess the program's overall performance as participation increases.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-11-01

In 2003, Congress established a program to reduce airport ground emissions at commercial service airports in areas failing to meet or maintain air quality standards. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) administers the Voluntary Airport Low Emis...

The Psychology of Human Performance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, David A.

This paper offers a theoretically grounded template for analyzing the root causes of individual performance problems in school, work, or personal pursuits. There are four basic reasons why individuals fail to perform as desired: they don't know what to do (communication problem); they don't know how to do it (knowledge problem); they don't want to…

The Call to Critique "Common Sense" Understandings about Boys and Masculinity(ies)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dalley-Trim, Leanne

2009-01-01

This paper is founded upon the premise that "common sense" understandings about boys persist within schools and, given this continuing circulation of such understandings, advocates the need to critique such conceptualising. It does so on the grounds that such understandings, and the essentialist discursive knowledges informing these, fail to take…

Turning around Failing Organizations: Insights for Educational Leaders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murphy, Joseph

2010-01-01

Purpose: In this article, we review the literature from the organizational sciences to develop a grounded narrative of turnaround in education. Approach: The approach is a review of literature. We employ an integrated process to unpack and make sense of the turnaround literature from the organizational sciences. We rely on strategies appropriate…

Enduring Engagement Yes, Episodic Engagement No: Lessons for SOF from Mali

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

ammunition cans. Even the non- rusted ammunition failed to reliably ignite due to prolonged exposure to the elements. 59 Weapons in Mali fall under the...In the personnel protection category, body armor for the unit was cut to fifty pieces— barley enough for a third of the ground element. Examples such

Teachers in the Social Trenches: Teaching Civics in Divided Societies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tamir, Yuli

2015-01-01

This article argues that in divided societies, civic education fails to fulfill one of its most important social role: creating a more inclusive society that allows a democratic dialogue to flow across different ideological, religious, and cultural communities. This failure is grounded in two main reasons. First, civics teachers are socially and…

The Kepler End-to-End Data Pipeline: From Photons to Far Away Worlds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cooke, Brian; Thompson, Richard; Standley, Shaun

2012-01-01

The Kepler mission is described in overview and the Kepler technique for discovering exoplanets is discussed. The design and implementation of the Kepler spacecraft, tracing the data path from photons entering the telescope aperture through raw observation data transmitted to the ground operations team is described. The technical challenges of operating a large aperture photometer with an unprecedented 95 million pixel detector are addressed as well as the onboard technique for processing and reducing the large volume of data produced by the Kepler photometer. The technique and challenge of day-to-day mission operations that result in a very high percentage of time on target is discussed. This includes the day to day process for monitoring and managing the health of the spacecraft, the annual process for maintaining sun on the solar arrays while still keeping the telescope pointed at the fixed science target, the process for safely but rapidly returning to science operations after a spacecraft initiated safing event and the long term anomaly resolution process.The ground data processing pipeline, from the point that science data is received on the ground to the presentation of preliminary planetary candidates and supporting data to the science team for further evaluation is discussed. Ground management, control, exchange and storage of Kepler's large and growing data set is discussed as well as the process and techniques for removing noise sources and applying calibrations to intermediate data products.

Design, Development, Pre-Testing and Preparation for Full Scale Cold Testing of a System for Field Remediation of Vertical Pipe Units at the Hanford Site 618-10 Burial Grounds -12495

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Halliwell, Stephen

2012-07-01

At the Hanford site, in the 1950's and 60's, radioactive waste materials, including Transuranic (TRU) wastes from a number of laboratories were stored in vertical pipe units (VPUs) in what are now the 618-10 and 618-11 burial grounds. Although the current physical condition of the VPUs is unknown, initial R and D studies had shown that in-ground size reduction and stabilization of VPU contents was feasible. This paper describes the R and D work and testing activities to validate the concept of in-ground size reduction and stabilization of VPU contents, and the design and pre-testing of major plant items andmore » augering systems on full size simulated VPUs. The paper also describes the full size prototype equipment which will be used in full size cold testing of simulated VPUs off the Hanford site, to prove the equipment, develop operating procedures, and train operators prior to deployment on site. Safe and effective field remediation, removal and disposal of the VPUs in the 600 area are critical to the success of the River Corridor Closure Contract at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site. Safe and effective field remediation, removal and disposal of the VPUs in the 600 area are critical to the success of the River Corridor Closure Contract at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site. (authors)« less

Barriers to Implementation of Recommendations for Transport of Children in Ground Ambulances.

PubMed

Woods, Rashida H; Shah, Manish; Doughty, Cara; Gilchrest, Anthony

2017-10-16

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) released draft recommendations in 2010 on the safe transport of children in ground ambulances. The purpose of this study was to assess awareness of these guidelines among emergency medical service (EMS) agencies and to identify implementation barriers. We conducted a cross-sectional, anonymous online survey of 911-responding, ground transport EMS agencies in Texas. Demographics, modes of transport based on case scenarios, and barriers to implementation were assessed. Of 62 eligible EMS agencies that took the survey, 35.7% were aware of the NHTSA guidelines, 62.5% agreed they would improve safety, and 41.1% planned to implement them. Seventy-five percent of EMS agencies used the ideal or acceptable alternative to transport children requiring continuous monitoring, and 69.5% chose ideal or acceptable alternatives for children requiring spinal immobilization. The ideal or acceptable alternative was not chosen for children who were not injured or ill (93.2%), ill or injured but not requiring continuous monitoring (53.3%), and situations when multiple patients required transport (57.6%). The main requirements for implementation were provider education, ambulance interior modifications, new guidelines in the EMS agency, and purchase of new equipment. Few EMS agencies are aware of the NHTSA guidelines on safe transport of children in ground ambulances. Although most agencies appropriately transport children who require monitoring, interventions, or spinal immobilization, they use inappropriate means to transport children in situations with multiple patients, lack of injury or illness, or lack of need for monitoring.

Ground resonance analysis using a substructure modeling approach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, S.-Y.; Berman, A.; Austin, E. E.

1984-01-01

A convenient and versatile procedure for modeling and analyzing ground resonance phenomena is described and illustrated. A computer program is used which dynamically couples differential equations with nonlinear and time dependent coefficients. Each set of differential equations may represent a component such as a rotor, fuselage, landing gear, or a failed damper. Arbitrary combinations of such components may be formulated into a model of a system. When the coupled equations are formed, a procedure is executed which uses a Floquet analysis to determine the stability of the system. Illustrations of the use of the procedures along with the numerical examples are presented.

Ground resonance analysis using a substructure modeling approach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, S. Y.; Austin, E. E.; Berman, A.

1985-01-01

A convenient and versatile procedure for modeling and analyzing ground resonance phenomena is described and illustrated. A computer program is used which dynamically couples differential equations with nonlinear and time dependent coefficients. Each set of differential equations may represent a component such as a rotor, fuselage, landing gear, or a failed damper. Arbitrary combinations of such components may be formulated into a model of a system. When the coupled equations are formed, a procedure is executed which uses a Floquet analysis to determine the stability of the system. Illustrations of the use of the procedures along with the numerical examples are presented.

Flightworthy active control landing gear for a supersonic aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ross, I.

1980-01-01

A flightworthy active control landing gear system for a supersonic aircraft was designed to minimize aircraft loads during takeoff, impact, rollout, and taxi. The design consists of hydromechanical modifications to the existing gear and the development of a fail-safe electronic controller. analytical RESULTS INDICATE that for an aircraft sink rate of 0.914 m/sec (3 ft/sec) the system achieves a peak load reduction of 36% during landing impact.

Use of ustekinumab for severe refractory atopic dermatitis in a young teenager.

PubMed

Wlodek, C; Hewitt, H; Kennedy, C T

2016-08-01

When conventional systemic immunosuppressive treatments fail in the setting of severe eczema, unlike in psoriasis, there are limited treatment options and only anecdotal evidence to help guide clinicians. There is a growing body of evidence for the use of certain biologic agents for moderate to severe eczema. We report the youngest case to date successfully and safely treated with ustekinumab for severe refractory atopic dermatitis. © 2016 British Association of Dermatologists.

Application of Micro-ramp Flow Control Devices to an Oblique Shock Interaction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hirt, Stefanie; Anderson, Bernhard

2007-01-01

Tests are planned in the 15cm x 15cm supersonic wind tunnel at NASA Glenn to demonstrate the applicability of micro-ramp flow control to the management of shock wave boundary layer interactions. These tests will be used as a database for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) validation and Design of Experiments (DoE) design information. Micro-ramps show potential for mechanically simple and fail-safe boundary layer control.

Evidence-based practice guideline: wheelchair biking for the treatment of depression.

PubMed

Fitzsimmons, Suzanne; Schoenfelder, Deborah Perry

2011-07-01

Depression is a problem that will continue to burden older adults and challenge health care providers. Failing to recognize and effectively treat depression in institutionalized older adults is sanctioning these members of society to live their final years in despair and emotional suffering. The wheelchair biking program described in this evidence-based practice guideline provides a refreshing, safe, innovative tool to address depression and improve quality of life in older adults.

High Performing Schools in High Risk Environments: A Study on Leadership, School Safety, and Student Achievement at Two Urban Middle Schools in Los Angeles County

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frias, Gus

2010-01-01

In the United States of America, all students and staff have a constitutional right to attend schools that are safe, secure, and successful. Despite this right, at many public schools, education leaders have failed to ensure the safety and high academic achievement of all students. The purpose of this research study is to expand knowledge about…

Software Requirements for the A-7E Aircraft.

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-08-31

DIWI(a) 14 ASCU SSU-20 (1,2) READ 8 DIWI(a) 15 BITE FAIL SAFE (2) READ 2 DIW3(a) 0 TACAN PARITY VALID (3) READ 2 DIW3(a) 10-14 AGE TEST EQUIPMENT (2...69 2.1.5: Arm am ent Station Control Unit ( ASCU ...times. 69 I Chapter 2 ALSPAUGH, FAULK. BRITTON, PARKER. PARNAS, AND SHORE 3 2.1.5. Armament Station Control Unit ( ASCU ) The Armament Station Control

Response Variability in Commercial MOSFET SEE Qualification

DOE PAGES

George, J. S.; Clymer, D. A.; Turflinger, T. L.; ...

2016-12-01

Single-event effects (SEE) evaluation of five different part types of next generation, commercial trench MOSFETs indicates large part-to-part variation in determining a safe operating area (SOA) for drain-source voltage (V DS) following a test campaign that exposed >50 samples per part type to heavy ions. These results suggest a determination of a SOA using small sample sizes may fail to capture the full extent of the part-to-part variability. An example method is discussed for establishing a Safe Operating Area using a one-sided statistical tolerance limit based on the number of test samples. Finally, burn-in is shown to be a criticalmore » factor in reducing part-to-part variation in part response. Implications for radiation qualification requirements are also explored.« less

Less than severe worst case accidents

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sanders, G.A.

1996-08-01

Many systems can provide tremendous benefit if operating correctly, produce only an inconvenience if they fail to operate, but have extreme consequences if they are only partially disabled such that they operate erratically or prematurely. In order to assure safety, systems are often tested against the most severe environments and accidents that are considered possible to ensure either safe operation or safe failure. However, it is often the less severe environments which result in the ``worst case accident`` since these are the conditions in which part of the system may be exposed or rendered unpredictable prior to total system failure.more » Some examples of less severe mechanical, thermal, and electrical environments which may actually be worst case are described as cautions for others in industries with high consequence operations or products.« less

Response Variability in Commercial MOSFET SEE Qualification

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

George, J. S.; Clymer, D. A.; Turflinger, T. L.

Single-event effects (SEE) evaluation of five different part types of next generation, commercial trench MOSFETs indicates large part-to-part variation in determining a safe operating area (SOA) for drain-source voltage (V DS) following a test campaign that exposed >50 samples per part type to heavy ions. These results suggest a determination of a SOA using small sample sizes may fail to capture the full extent of the part-to-part variability. An example method is discussed for establishing a Safe Operating Area using a one-sided statistical tolerance limit based on the number of test samples. Finally, burn-in is shown to be a criticalmore » factor in reducing part-to-part variation in part response. Implications for radiation qualification requirements are also explored.« less

A pluralist challenge to "integrative medicine": Feyerabend and Popper on the cognitive value of alternative medicine.

PubMed

Kidd, Ian James

2013-09-01

This paper is a critique of 'integrative medicine' as an ideal of medical progress on the grounds that it fails to realise the cognitive value of alternative medicine. After a brief account of the cognitive value of alternative medicine, I outline the form of 'integrative medicine' defended by the late Stephen Straus, former director of the US National Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Straus' account is then considered in the light of Zuzana Parusnikova's recent criticism of 'integrative medicine' and her distinction between 'cognitive' and 'opportunistic' engagement with alternative medicine. Parusnikova warns that the medical establishment is guilty of 'dogmatism' and proposes that one can usefully invoke Karl Popper's 'critical rationalism' as an antidote. Using the example of Straus, I argue that an appeal to Popper is insufficient, on the grounds that 'integrative medicine' can class as a form of cognitively-productive, critical engagement. I suggest that Parusnikova's appeal to Popper should be augmented with Paul Feyerabend's emphasis upon the role of 'radical alternatives' in maximising criticism. 'Integrative medicine' fails to maximise criticism because it 'translates' alternative medicine into the theories and terminology of allopathic medicine and so erodes its capacity to provide cognitively-valuable 'radical alternatives'. These claims are then illustrated with a discussion of 'traditional' and 'medical' acupuncture. I conclude that 'integrative medicine' fails to exploit the cognitive value of alternative medicine and so should be rejected as an ideal of medical progress. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Health care and human rights: against the split duty gambit.

PubMed

Sreenivasan, Gopal

2016-08-01

There are various grounds on which one may wish to distinguish a right to health care from a right to health. In this article, I review some old grounds before introducing some new grounds. But my central task is to argue that separating a right to health care from a right to health has objectionable consequences. I offer two main objections. The domestic objection is that separating the two rights prevents the state from fulfilling its duty to maximise the health it provides each citizen from its fixed health budget. The international objection is that separating a human right to health care fails the moral requirement that, for any given moral human right, the substance to which any two right-holders are entitled be of an equal standard.

Screening methods for chemical warfare agents in environmental samples at the Edgewood area of Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jakubowski, E.M.; Borland, M.M.; Norris, L.

1995-06-01

The U.S. Army Edgewood Research, Development and Engineering Center, the U.S. Army Aberdeen Proving Ground Support Activity, Directorate of Safety, Health and the Environment and SciTech Services Inc., an independent contractor, have developed an approach for screening environmental samples for the presence of chemical warfare agents. Since 1918, the Edgewood area of Aberdeen Proving Ground has been a research and testing ground for toxic agent compounds. Since these materials are considered highly toxic, screening for their presence in environmental samples is necessary for safe shipment to contract laboratories for testing by EPA guidelines. The screening ensures worker safety and maintainsmore » U.S. Army standards for transportation of materials potentially contaminated with chemical warfare agents. This paper describes the screening methodology.« less

Prototype data terminal-multiplexer/demultiplexer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leck, D. E.; Goodwin, J. E.

1972-01-01

The design and operation of a quad redundant data terminal and a multiplexer/demultiplexer (MDU) is described. The most unique feature is the design of the quad redundant data terminal. This is one of the few designs where the unit is fail/op, fail/op, fail/safe. Laboratory tests confirm that the unit will operate satisfactorily with the failure of three out of four channels. Although the design utilizes state-of-the-art technology, the waveform error checks, the voting techniques, and the parity bit checks are believed to be used in unique configurations. Correct word selection routines are also novel. The MDU design, while not redundant, utilizes, the latest state-of-the-art advantages of light coupler and interested amplifiers. Much of the technology employed was an evolution of prior NASA contracts related to the Addressable Time Division Data System. A good example of the earlier technology development was the development of a low level analog multiplexer, a high level analog multiplexer, and a digital multiplexer. A list of all drawings is included for reference and all schematic, block and timing diagrams are incorporated.

Superfund record of decision (EPA Region 3): Stanley Kessler Superfund Site, King of Prussia, PA, September 1994

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1994-09-29

This decision document presents the final selected remedial action for the Stanley Kessler Superfund Site (the Site). The selected remedy for the Site will restore contaminated ground water to its beneficial use by cleaning up the ground water to background levels as established by EPA or the appropriate Maximum Contaminant Levels or non-zero Maximum Contaminant Level Goals established under the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act whichever is more stringent. The selected remedy is the only planned action for the Site.

A novel forward and backward scattering wave measurement system for optimizing GPR standoff mine/IED detector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fuse, Yukinori

2012-06-01

Standoff detection of mines and improvised explosive devices by ground penetrating radar has advantages in terms of safety and efficiency. However, the reflected signals from buried targets are often disturbed by those from the ground surface, which vary with the antennas angle, making it more difficult to detect at a safe distance. An understanding of the forward and backward scattering wave is thus essential for improving standoff detection capability. We present some experimental results from using our measurement system for such an analysis.

14 CFR 61.68 - Category III pilot authorization requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... height, as applicable, including use of a radar altimeter; (iii) Recognition of and proper reaction to...; and (xii) Recognition of, and reaction to, airborne or ground system faults or abnormalities... adverse lateral touchdown displacement allowing a safe landing on the runway; and (D) In weather...

14 CFR 61.68 - Category III pilot authorization requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... height, as applicable, including use of a radar altimeter; (iii) Recognition of and proper reaction to...; and (xii) Recognition of, and reaction to, airborne or ground system faults or abnormalities... adverse lateral touchdown displacement allowing a safe landing on the runway; and (D) In weather...

14 CFR 61.68 - Category III pilot authorization requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... height, as applicable, including use of a radar altimeter; (iii) Recognition of and proper reaction to...; and (xii) Recognition of, and reaction to, airborne or ground system faults or abnormalities... adverse lateral touchdown displacement allowing a safe landing on the runway; and (D) In weather...

Improved Electromagnetic Brake

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, Toby B.

2004-01-01

A proposed design for an electromagnetic brake would increase the reliability while reducing the number of parts and the weight, relative to a prior commercially available electromagnetic brake. The reductions of weight and the number of parts could also lead to a reduction of cost. A description of the commercial brake is prerequisite to a description of the proposed electromagnetic brake. The commercial brake (see upper part of figure) includes (1) a permanent magnet and an electromagnet coil on a stator and (2) a rotor that includes a steel contact plate mounted, with tension spring loading, on an aluminum hub. The stator is mounted securely on a stationary object, which would ordinarily be the housing of a gear drive or a motor. The rotor is mounted on the shaft of the gear drive or motor. The commercial brake nominally operates in a fail-safe (in the sense of normally braking) mode: In the absence of current in the electromagnet coil, the permanent magnet pulls the contact plate, against the spring tension, into contact with the stator. To release the brake, one excites the electromagnet with a current of the magnitude and polarity chosen to cancel the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, thereby enabling the spring tension to pull the contact plate out of contact with the stator. The fail-safe operation of the commercial brake depends on careful mounting of the rotor in relation to the stator. The rotor/stator gap must be set with a tolerance between 10 and 15 mils (between about 0.25 and about 0.38 mm). If the gap or the contact pad is thicker than the maximum allowable value, then the permanent magnetic field will not be strong enough to pull the steel plate across the gap. (For this reason, any contact pad between the contact plate and the stator must also be correspondingly thin.) If the gap exceeds the maximum allowable value because of shaft end play, it becomes impossible to set the brake by turning off the electromagnet current. Although it may still be possible to set the brake by applying an electromagnet current to aid the permanent magnetic field instead of canceling it, this action can mask an out-of-tolerance condition in the brake and it does not restore the fail-safe function of setting the brake when current is lost.

Pilot and Controller Evaluations of Separation Function Allocation in Air Traffic Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wing, David; Prevot, Thomas; Morey, Susan; Lewis, Timothy; Martin, Lynne; Johnson, Sally; Cabrall, Christopher; Como, Sean; Homola, Jeffrey; Sheth-Chandra, Manasi;

Growth/no growth boundary of Clostridium perfringens from spores in cooked meat: A logistic analysis.

PubMed

Huang, Lihan; Li, Changcheng; Hwang, Cheng-An

2018-02-02

Clostridium perfringens is a major foodborne health hazard that can cause acute gastroenteritis in consumers, and is often associated with cooked meat and poultry products. Improper cooling after cooking may allow this pathogen to grow in a product, producing an enterotoxin that causes food poisoning. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of common ingredients, including sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), sodium lactate (NaL), and sodium chloride (NaCl), on the germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens spores in meat products. The growth/no growth test was conducted in Shahidi Ferguson Perfringens agar mixed with STPP (0-2500ppm), NaL (0-4%), and NaCl (0-4%) in microplates. Turbidity measurements at 600nm were compared before and after anaerobic incubation at 46°C to evaluate growth and no growth conditions. The dichotomous responses were analyzed by logistic regression to develop a model for estimating the growth probability of C. perfringens. The probability model was used to define the threshold of growth (probability >0.1 or 0.2) of C. perfringens and validated using inoculated ground beef under optimum temperature. Inoculated ground beef was mixed with different combinations of STPP, NaL, and NaCl to observe growth or no growth of C. perfringens, and the probability was calculated from the formulation. If the threshold of growth was set to 0.2, the accuracy of the growth and no growth predictions was 95.7%, with 4.3% over-prediction of growth events (fail-safe). The results from this study suggested that proper combinations of STPP, NaL, and NaCl could be used to control the growth of C. perfringens in cooked beef under the optimum temperature. The results may also suggest that proper combinations of STPP, NaL, and NaCl in cooked meat and poultry products could be used to prevent the growth of C. perfringens during cooling. Published by Elsevier B.V.

An Astrometric Facility For Planetary Detection On The Space Station

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nishioka, Kenji; Scargle, Jeffrey D.; Givens, John J.

1987-09-01

An Astrometric Telescope Facility (ATF) for planetary detection is being studied as a potential Space Station initial operating capability payload. The primary science objective of this mission is the detection and study of planetary systems around other stars. In addition, the facility will be capable of other astrometric measurements such as stellar motions of other galaxies and highly precise direct measurement of stellar distances within the Milky Way Galaxy. This paper summarizes the results of a recently completed ATF preliminary systems definition study. Results of this study indicate that the preliminary concept for the facility is fully capable of meeting the science objectives without the development of any new technologies. This preliminary systems study started with the following basic assumptions: 1) the facility will be placed in orbit by a single Shuttle launch, 2) the Space Station will provide a coarse pointing system , electrical power, communications, assembly and checkout, maintenance and refurbishment services, and 3) the facility will be operated from a ground facility. With these assumptions and the science performance requirements a preliminary "strawman" facility was designed. The strawman facility design with a prime-focus telescope of 1.25-m aperture, f-ratio of 13 and a single prime-focus instrument was chosen to minimize random and systemmatic errors. Total facility mass is 5100 kg and overall dimensions are 1.85-m diam by 21.5-m long. A simple straightforward operations approach has been developed for ATF. A real-time facility control is not normally required, but does maintain a near real-time ground monitoring capability for facility and science data stream on a full-time basis. Facility observational sequences are normally loaded once a week. In addition, the preliminary system is designed to be fail-safe and single-fault tolerant. Routine interactions by the Space Station crew with ATF will not be necessary, but onboard controls are provided for crew override as required for emergencies and maintenance.

Promoting Change in Schools: Ground Level Practices That Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wiles, Jon W.

This book rests on two major tenets. First, our way of looking at change in schools governs our ability to approach the process of changing. Second, most schools fail miserably at managing change, resulting in the pulling of many chains without much progress. The first of six chapters, "Understanding the Uniqueness of Schools," discusses the…

Carter, Reagan, and Congress: The Changing Dynamics of Security Assistance and Arms Sales

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

only enumerated power given to the President in the Constitution is the title of Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. As part of the separation of powers , Congress...constitutional separation of powers and the law was struck down on the grounds that this type of resolution fails the test of presentment to the

Breaking Ground in Higher Ed: A Look at New Models

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mroz, Donald; Mulgrew, Francis X.

2012-01-01

The debate about the need for change in America's K-12 education system has been raging for decades. Teachers, parents, administrators and government leaders alike have been grappling with how to transform a system that has been failing too many students for too long, according to a recent Center for Education Policy study. Until recently, the…

Pulsar observations with the MAGIC Telescope

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lopez, M.; Contreras, J. L.; Otte, N.

2007-07-12

Pulsars were detected by EGRET up to energies below 20 GeV. Observations at higher energies with ground-based experiments, including MAGIC, so far failed to detect pulsars, indicating a sharp cutoff of the pulsed emission. Here we present, in particular, the results of the search for very high {gamma}-ray emission from the pulsar PSR B1951+32.

The Impact of Drivers' Race, Gender, and Age during Traffic Stops: Assessing Interaction Terms and the Social Conditioning Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tillyer, Rob; Engel, Robin S.

2013-01-01

Recent research has demonstrated that minority drivers receive disparate traffic stop outcomes compared with similarly situated White drivers. This research, however, is often not grounded within a theoretical framework and fails to examine specific combinations of driver demographics. This study addresses those shortcomings by examining research…

21 CFR 814.45 - Denial of approval of a PMA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) MEDICAL DEVICES PREMARKET APPROVAL OF MEDICAL DEVICES FDA Action on a PMA § 814.45 Denial of approval of a PMA. (a) FDA may issue an order denying approval of a PMA if the applicant fails to follow the... information before the agency, FDA determines that any of the grounds for denying approval of a PMA specified...

21 CFR 814.45 - Denial of approval of a PMA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) MEDICAL DEVICES PREMARKET APPROVAL OF MEDICAL DEVICES FDA Action on a PMA § 814.45 Denial of approval of a PMA. (a) FDA may issue an order denying approval of a PMA if the applicant fails to follow the... information before the agency, FDA determines that any of the grounds for denying approval of a PMA specified...

21 CFR 814.45 - Denial of approval of a PMA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) MEDICAL DEVICES PREMARKET APPROVAL OF MEDICAL DEVICES FDA Action on a PMA § 814.45 Denial of approval of a PMA. (a) FDA may issue an order denying approval of a PMA if the applicant fails to follow the... information before the agency, FDA determines that any of the grounds for denying approval of a PMA specified...

The German 'Dual System' of Occupational Training: A Much-Replicated but Oft-Failed Transfer.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, David N.

Germany's Dual System, which consists of in-school and in-enterprise components, facilitates entry into 374 recognized technical, white-collar and blue-collar occupations listed in training regulations that are grounded in legislation. The Dual System's origins and development in Germany were examined along with several attempts to replicate the…

Obstetrical Practice and Training in Canadian Family Medicine: Conserving an Endangered Species

PubMed Central

Klein, Michael; Reynolds, J. L.; Boucher, Francois; Malus, Michael; Rosenberg, Ellen

1984-01-01

Family practice obstetricians are an endangered species. Our practices and teaching sites must provide the correct attitudinal as well as technical messages to result in a practitioner who will be able to meet the psychosocial and medical needs of the pregnant couple. Family practice obstetrics can be as safe as care given by obstetricians provided that the family practice group functions well, that obstetrical consultants are available and supportive, and assuming that technical approaches are reserved for those truly in need. In rural areas, obstetrical ability is essential, whilst in the urban setting it helps the family physician maintain a practice involving young families. Those trainees who fail to learn basic obstetrical skills (including family centered attitudes and approaches) may in any setting come to feel, belatedly, that their training programs failed in this respect. PMID:21279123

Bardoxolone: augmenting the Yin in chronic kidney disease.

PubMed

Thomas, Merlin C

2011-10-01

Nrf-2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) is a regulator of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxification pathways. Coordinated augmentation of these key defence pathways via Nrf-2 signalling is being investigated for the treatment of chronic diseases, including diabetes and its complications. The first to reach commercial development is the triterpenoid, bardoxolone methyl. In recent clinical trial, bardoxolone rapidly improved kidney function on average by 5-10 ml/min within 4 weeks of therapy. Importantly, this improvement was sustained during one year of active treatment. This suggests that rather that overworking a failing system, bardoxolone appeared to safely augment renal function, at least to one year. If similar improvements in kidney function can be reproduced in the upcoming BEACON trial, it will represent a major advance on conventional therapy and new way to bring balance to the failing kidney.

Space shuttle environmental control/life support systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

This study analyzes and defines a baseline Environmental Control/Life Support System (EC/LSS) for a four-man, seven-day orbital shuttle. In addition, the impact of various mission parameters, crew size, mission length, etc. are examined for their influence on the selected system. Pacing technology items are identified to serve as a guide for application of effort to enhance the total system optimization. A fail safe-fail operation philosophy was utilized in designing the system. This has resulted in a system that requires only one daily routine operation. All other critical item malfunctions are automatically resolved by switching to redundant modes of operation. As a result of this study, it is evident that a practical, flexible, simple and long life, EC/LSS can be designed and manufactured for the shuttle orbiter within the time phase required.

One-stage dorsal lingual mucosal graft urethroplasty for the treatment of failed hypospadias repair.

PubMed

Li, Hong-Bin; Xu, Yue-Min; Fu, Qiang; Sa, Ying-Long; Zhang, Jiong; Xie, Hong

2016-01-01

The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the outcomes of patients who underwent one-stage onlay or inlay urethroplasty using a lingual mucosal graft (LMG) after failed hypospadias repairs. Inclusion criteria included a history of failed hypospadias repair, insufficiency of the local skin that made a reoperation with skin flaps difficult, and necessity of an oral mucosal graft urethroplasty. Patients were excluded if they had undergone a failed hypospadias repair using the foreskin or a multistage repair urethroplasty. Between January 2008 and December 2012, 110 patients with failed hypospadias repairs were treated in our center. Of these patients, 56 underwent a one-stage onlay or inlay urethroplasty using LMG. The median age was 21.8 years (range: 4-45 years). Of the 56 patients, one-stage onlay LMG urethroplasty was performed in 42 patients (group 1), and a modified Snodgrass technique using one-stage inlay LMG urethroplasty was performed in 14 (group 2). The median LMG urethroplasty length was 5.6 ± 1.6 cm (range: 4-13 cm). The mean follow-up was 34.7 months (range: 10-58 months), and complications developed in 12 of 56 patients (21.4%), including urethrocutaneous fistulas in 7 (6 in group 1, 1 in group 2) and neourethral strictures in 5 (4 in group 1, 1 in group 2). The total success rate was 78.6%. Our survey suggests that one-stage onlay or inlay urethroplasty with LMG may be an effective option to treat the patients with less available skin after failed hypospadias repairs; LMG harvesting is easy and safe, irrespective of the patient's age.

Design Optimization of Composite Structures under Uncertainty

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haftka, Raphael T.

2003-01-01

Design optimization under uncertainty is computationally expensive and is also challenging in terms of alternative formulation. The work under the grant focused on developing methods for design against uncertainty that are applicable to composite structural design with emphasis on response surface techniques. Applications included design of stiffened composite plates for improved damage tolerance, the use of response surfaces for fitting weights obtained by structural optimization, and simultaneous design of structure and inspection periods for fail-safe structures.

An End-To-End Test of A Simulated Nuclear Electric Propulsion System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

VanDyke, Melissa; Hrbud, Ivana; Goddfellow, Keith; Rodgers, Stephen L. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

The Safe Affordable Fission Engine (SAFE) test series addresses Phase I Space Fission Systems issues in it particular non-nuclear testing and system integration issues leading to the testing and non-nuclear demonstration of a 400-kW fully integrated flight unit. The first part of the SAFE 30 test series demonstrated operation of the simulated nuclear core and heat pipe system. Experimental data acquired in a number of different test scenarios will validate existing computational models, demonstrated system flexibility (fast start-ups, multiple start-ups/shut downs), simulate predictable failure modes and operating environments. The objective of the second part is to demonstrate an integrated propulsion system consisting of a core, conversion system and a thruster where the system converts thermal heat into jet power. This end-to-end system demonstration sets a precedent for ground testing of nuclear electric propulsion systems. The paper describes the SAFE 30 end-to-end system demonstration and its subsystems.

ARE660 Wind Generator: Low Wind Speed Technology for Small Turbine Development

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Robert W. Preus; DOE Project Officer - Keith Bennett

2008-04-23

This project is for the design of a wind turbine that can generate most or all of the net energy required for homes and small businesses in moderately windy areas. The purpose is to expand the current market for residential wind generators by providing cost effective power in a lower wind regime than current technology has made available, as well as reduce noise and improve reliability and safety. Robert W. Preus’ experience designing and/or maintaining residential wind generators of many configurations helped identify the need for an improved experience of safety for the consumer. Current small wind products have unreliablemore » or no method of stopping the wind generator in fault or high wind conditions. Consumers and their neighbors do not want to hear their wind generators. In addition, with current technology, only sites with unusually high wind speeds provide payback times that are acceptable for the on-grid user. Abundant Renewable Energy’s (ARE) basic original concept for the ARE660 was a combination of a stall controlled variable speed small wind generator and automatic fail safe furling for shutdown. The stall control for a small wind generator is not novel, but has not been developed for a variable speed application with a permanent magnet alternator (PMA). The fail safe furling approach for shutdown has not been used to our knowledge.« less

CSF Lumbar Drainage: A Safe Surgical Option in Refractory Intracranial Hypertension Associated with Acute Posttraumatic External Hydrocephalus.

PubMed

Manet, R; Schmidt, E A; Vassal, F; Charier, D; Gergelé, L

2016-01-01

External lumbar drainage (ELD) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in posttraumatic refractory intracranial hypertension (ICHT) is controversial. We report our experience of ELD in ICHT associated with acute disturbance of CSF flow within subarachnoid spaces (SASs). Four adult patients admitted to the neurointensive care unit for severe TBI who presented with secondary ICHT are retrospectively reported. When refractory to second-tier therapy, if external ventricular drainage were not possible or failed, and in the absence of an indication for craniotomy to treat a mass lesion or decompressive craniectomy, we assessed the evolution of CSF volume within cranial SAS and checked the presence of basal cisterns and the absence of tonsillar herniation to evaluate interest in and the safety of ELD. As second-tier therapy failed to lower intracranial pressure (ICP; mean ICP 37 ± 5 mmHg), and computed tomography (CT) showed abnormally enlarged cranial SAS following traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, patients received ELD. ICP decreased, with immediate and long-term effect (mean ICP 5 mmHg ± 2 mmHg). There were no complications to report. Acute traumatic external hydrocephalus may explain some of the specific situations of secondary increased ICP, with a "normal" CT scan, that is refractory to medical treatment. In these situations, lumbar drainage should be considered to be a safe, minimally invasive, and effective surgical option.

Magnetic fluid control for viscous loss reduction of high-speed MRF brakes and clutches with well-defined fail-safe behavior

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Güth, Dirk; Schamoni, Markus; Maas, Jürgen

2013-09-01

No-load losses within brakes and clutches based on magnetorheological fluids are unavoidable and represent a major barrier towards their wide-spread commercial adoption. Completely torque free rotation is not yet possible due to persistent fluid contact within the shear gap. In this paper, a novel concept is presented that facilitates the controlled movement of the magnetorheological fluid from an active, torque-transmitting region into an inactive region of the shear gap. This concept enables complete decoupling of the fluid engaging surfaces such that viscous drag torque can be eliminated. In order to achieve the desired effect, motion in the magnetorheological fluid is induced by magnetic forces acting on the fluid, which requires an appropriate magnetic circuit design. In this investigation, we propose a methodology to determine suitable magnetic circuit designs with well-defined fail-safe behavior. The magnetically induced motion of magnetorheological fluids is modeled by the use of the Kelvin body force, and a multi-physics domain simulation is performed to elucidate various transitions between an engaged and disengaged operating mode. The modeling approach is validated by captured high-speed video frames which show the induced motion of the magnetorheological fluid due to the magnetic field. Finally, measurements performed with a prototype actuator prove that the induced viscous drag torque can be reduced significantly by the proposed magnetic fluid control methodology.

Recharge Data for Hawaii Island

DOE Data Explorer

Nicole Lautze

2015-01-01

Recharge data for Hawaii Island in shapefile format. The data are from the following sources: Whittier, R.B and A.I. El-Kadi. 2014. Human Health and Environmental Risk Ranking of On-Site Sewage Disposal systems for the Hawaiian Islands of Kauai, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii – Final, Prepared for Hawaii Dept. of Health, Safe Drinking Water Branch by the University of Hawaii, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics. Oki, D. S. 1999. Geohydrology and Numerical Simulation of the Ground-Water Flow System of Kona, Island of Hawaii. U.S. Water-Resources Investigation Report: 99-4073. Oki, D. S. 2002. Reassessment of Ground-water Recharge and Simulated Ground-Water Availability for the Hawi Area of North Kohala, Hawaii. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigation report 02-4006.

Ground-water resources of Benson and Pierce Counties, north-central North Dakota

USGS Publications Warehouse

Randich, P.G.

1972-01-01

The purpose of this investigation is to provide information about the ground-water resources in Benson and Pierce Counties that is sufficient for planning the safe and intelligent development of water supplies for irrigation, domestic, stock, industrial, and municipal purposes.  The investigation is part of a statewide program to determine the location and extent of ground-water aquifers; to evaluate the occurrence and movement of ground water within the aquifers, including sources of recharge and discharge; to determine potential yields to wells developed in the aquifers; and to determine the chemical quality of ground water.Benson and Pierce Counties cover an area of 2,512 square miles in north-central North Dakota.  This study, which began in July 1967 and was completed in June 1971, was made cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey, the North Dakota State Water Commission, the North Dakota Geological Survey, and the Benson and Pierce Counties Water Management Districts.  This interim report presents only the major conclusions of the study.

Hydrogeology and ground-water resources of Ngatik Island, Sapwuahfik Atoll, State of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia

USGS Publications Warehouse

Anthony, S.S.

1996-01-01

The lens of fresh ground water on Ngatik Island contains about 509 million gallons of potable water. Recharge to the freshwater lens is estimated to be 990,000 gallons per day on the basis of an estimated mean annual rainfall of 160 inches. The long-term average sustainable yield is estimated to be about 280,000 gallons per day. The estimated demand for water is about 30,000 gallons per day. Shallow-vertical-tube-wells or horizontal-infiltration wells could be used to develop the freshwater lens. The effect of development on the lens can be determined by monitoring the chloride concentration of water from a network of shallow-water-table wells and deep driven wells. The ground-water resource on Ngatik can be used in conjunction with individual rainwater-catchment systems: rainwater can be used for drinking and cooking and ground water can be used for sanitary purposes. When rainwater- catchment systems fail during extended dry periods, ground water would be available to meet the total demand.

Hydrogeology and ground-water resources of Pingelap Island, Pingelap Atoll, State of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia

USGS Publications Warehouse

Anthony, S.S.

1996-01-01

The lens of fresh ground water on Pingelap Island, Pingelap Atoll contains about 384 million gallons of potable water. Recharge to the freshwater lens is estimated to be 230,000 gallons per day on the basis of an average annual rainfall of 160 inches. The long-term average sustainable yield is estimated to be about 69,000 gallons per day. The estimated demand for water is about 50,000 gallons per day. Shallow-vertical-tube wells or horizontal-infiltration wells could be used to develop the freshwater lens. The effect of development on the lens can be determined by monitoring the chloride concentration of water from a network of shallow-water-table wells and deep driven wells. The ground-water resource on Pingelap can be used in conjunction with individual rainwater-catchment systems: rainwater can be used for drinking and cooking, and ground water can be used for sanitary uses. When rainwater-catchment systems fail during extended dry periods, ground water would be available to meet the total demand.

Hydrogeology and ground-water resources of Kahlap Island, Mwoakilloa Atoll, State of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia

USGS Publications Warehouse

Anthony, S.S.

1996-01-01

The lens of fresh ground water on Kahlap Island contains about 21.3 million gallons of potable water. Recharge to the freshwater lens is estimated to be 125,000 gallons per day on the basis of a mean annual rainfall of 120 inches. The long-term average sustainable yield is estimated to be about 17,300 gallons per day. The estimated demand for water is about 13,500 gallons per day. Shallow-vertical-tube wells or horizontal- infiltration wells could be used to develop the freshwater lens. The effect of development on the lens can be determined by monitoring the chloride concentration of water from a network of shallow- water-table and deep driven wells. The ground- water resource on Kahlap can be used in conjunc- tion with individual rainwater-catchment systems: rainwater can be used for drinking and cooking, and ground water can be used for sanitary uses. When rainwater-catchment systems fail during extended dry periods, ground water would be available to meet the total demand.

Multiconfiguration Pair-Density Functional Theory Outperforms Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory and Multireference Perturbation Theory for Ground-State and Excited-State Charge Transfer.

PubMed

Ghosh, Soumen; Sonnenberger, Andrew L; Hoyer, Chad E; Truhlar, Donald G; Gagliardi, Laura

2015-08-11

The correct description of charge transfer in ground and excited states is very important for molecular interactions, photochemistry, electrochemistry, and charge transport, but it is very challenging for Kohn-Sham (KS) density functional theory (DFT). KS-DFT exchange-correlation functionals without nonlocal exchange fail to describe both ground- and excited-state charge transfer properly. We have recently proposed a theory called multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT), which is based on a combination of multiconfiguration wave function theory with a new type of density functional called an on-top density functional. Here we have used MC-PDFT to study challenging ground- and excited-state charge-transfer processes by using on-top density functionals obtained by translating KS exchange-correlation functionals. For ground-state charge transfer, MC-PDFT performs better than either the PBE exchange-correlation functional or CASPT2 wave function theory. For excited-state charge transfer, MC-PDFT (unlike KS-DFT) shows qualitatively correct behavior at long-range with great improvement in predicted excitation energies.

Stranger than Fiction: Costs and Benefits of Everyday Confabulation.

PubMed

Bortolotti, Lisa

2018-01-01

In this paper I discuss the costs and benefits of confabulation, focusing on the type of confabulation people engage in when they offer explanations for their attitudes and choices. What makes confabulation costly ? In the philosophical literature confabulation is thought to undermine claims to self-knowledge. I argue that when people confabulate they do not necessarily fail at mental-state self-attributions, but offer ill-grounded explanations which often lead to the adoption of other ill-grounded beliefs. What, if anything, makes confabulation beneficial ? As people are unaware of the information that would make their explanations accurate, they are not typically in a position to acknowledge their ignorance or provide better-grounded explanations for their attitudes and choices. In such cases, confabulating can have some advantages over offering no explanation because it makes a distinctive contribution to people's sense of themselves as competent and largely coherent agents. This role of ill-grounded explanations could not be as easily played by better-grounded explanations should these be available. In the end, I speculate about the implications of this conclusion for attempting to eliminate or reduce confabulation.

TECHNOLOGIES FOR UPGRADING EXISTING OR DESIGNING NEW DRINKING WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES

EPA Science Inventory

The publication compiles material presented at a series of workshops and helps to focus attention on the many treatment and disinfection decisions that will be facing both ground water and surface source systems over the next several years, as implementation of the 1986 Safe Drin...

14 CFR 23.237 - Operation on water.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Operation on water. 23.237 Section 23.237... STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Flight Ground and Water Handling Characteristics § 23.237 Operation on water. A wave height, demonstrated to be safe for operation, and any...

School Climate Measurement and Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Faster, Darlene; Lopez, Daisy

2013-01-01

Today, school climate assessment has become an increasingly important and valued aspect of district, state, and federal policy. Recognizing that effective school climate improvement efforts are grounded in valid and reliable data, the Federal Department of Education launched the Safe and Supportive Schools grant in 2010 to provide 11 states with…

14 CFR 25.237 - Wind velocities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Wind velocities. 25.237 Section 25.237... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Flight Ground and Water Handling Characteristics § 25.237 Wind... wind velocity, demonstrated to be safe for takeoff and landing, must be established for dry runways and...

14 CFR 25.237 - Wind velocities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Wind velocities. 25.237 Section 25.237... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Flight Ground and Water Handling Characteristics § 25.237 Wind... wind velocity, demonstrated to be safe for takeoff and landing, must be established for dry runways and...

14 CFR 25.237 - Wind velocities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Wind velocities. 25.237 Section 25.237... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Flight Ground and Water Handling Characteristics § 25.237 Wind... wind velocity, demonstrated to be safe for takeoff and landing, must be established for dry runways and...

29 CFR 1910.28 - Safety requirements for scaffolding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

....28 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... erected in accordance with this standard for persons engaged in work that cannot be done safely from the ground or from solid construction, except that ladders used for such work shall conform to §§ 1910.25 and...

29 CFR 1910.28 - Safety requirements for scaffolding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....28 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... erected in accordance with this standard for persons engaged in work that cannot be done safely from the ground or from solid construction, except that ladders used for such work shall conform to § 1910.25 and...

29 CFR 1910.28 - Safety requirements for scaffolding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

....28 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... erected in accordance with this standard for persons engaged in work that cannot be done safely from the ground or from solid construction, except that ladders used for such work shall conform to § 1910.25 and...

29 CFR 1910.28 - Safety requirements for scaffolding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

....28 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... erected in accordance with this standard for persons engaged in work that cannot be done safely from the ground or from solid construction, except that ladders used for such work shall conform to § 1910.25 and...

Blueprint for a Green School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chase, Jayni

The 20 chapters in this book focus on the creation of environmentally safe and healthy school buildings and grounds and on what school administrators, teachers, maintenance staff, students, community leaders and parents can do to meet this goal. The guide functions as an introduction to environmental problems and issues relevant to schools,…

Emergency Response Information for School Facilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities, 2008

2008-01-01

Crisis planning includes making preparations for managing school buildings, grounds, occupants, and rescue and recovery personnel during and after a crisis. In "Practical Information on Crisis Planning: A Guide for Schools and Communities, the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools" states: When a crisis…

14 CFR 23.237 - Operation on water.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Operation on water. 23.237 Section 23.237... STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Flight Ground and Water Handling Characteristics § 23.237 Operation on water. A wave height, demonstrated to be safe for operation, and any...

14 CFR 23.237 - Operation on water.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Operation on water. 23.237 Section 23.237... STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Flight Ground and Water Handling Characteristics § 23.237 Operation on water. A wave height, demonstrated to be safe for operation, and any...

Inactivation of Salmonella spp. in ground chicken using High Pressure Processing

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

High pressure processing (HPP) is a safe and effective process for improving the microbial safety and shelf-life of foods. Salmonella is a common contaminant in poultry meat and is frequently responsible for foodborne illness associated with contaminated poultry meat. In this study the inactivation...

14 CFR 23.237 - Operation on water.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Operation on water. 23.237 Section 23.237... STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Flight Ground and Water Handling Characteristics § 23.237 Operation on water. A wave height, demonstrated to be safe for operation, and any...

14 CFR 25.237 - Wind velocities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Wind velocities. 25.237 Section 25.237... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Flight Ground and Water Handling Characteristics § 25.237 Wind... wind velocity, demonstrated to be safe for takeoff and landing, must be established for dry runways and...

14 CFR 25.237 - Wind velocities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Wind velocities. 25.237 Section 25.237... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Flight Ground and Water Handling Characteristics § 25.237 Wind... wind velocity, demonstrated to be safe for takeoff and landing, must be established for dry runways and...

SCREENING MODELS TO PREDICT PROBABILITY OF CONTAMINATION BY PATHOGENIC VIRUSES IN DRINKING WATER AQUIFERS

EPA Science Inventory

The Safe Drinking Water Act's 1996 Amendments broadened the definition of public water systems (PWS) to include systems which serve drinking water to as few as 25 individuals. Implementation of the proposed Ground Water Rule for Pathogens will place an increased burden on utiliti...

Contributions of flumequine and nitroarenes to the genotoxicity of river and ground waters.

PubMed

Ma, Fujun; Yuan, Guanxiang; Meng, Liping; Oda, Yoshimitsu; Hu, Jianying

2012-07-01

The SOS/umuC assay was performed in conjunction with analytical measurements to identify potential genotoxins in river and adjacent ground waters in the Jialu River basin, China. The major genotoxic activities of the river and adjacent ground waters occurred in the same two fractions (F4 and F11) when assayed using the Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535/pSK1002. This indicates that ground water near the Jialu River was influenced by the river water. LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that flumequine accounted for 86% and 76% of the genotoxicity in fraction F11 of the river and adjacent ground waters, respectively. When HPLC fractions were tested using the strain NM3009, three fractions showed genotoxic activities for river water sample, while no fractions from ground water samples elicited genotoxic activities. The specific response to the strain NM3009 in one fraction compared with the strain TA1535/pSK1002 suggested the presence of nitroarenes. However, we failed to identify the exact nitroarenes when GC-MS analysis was used to analyze nitroarenes which are well detected in air and soil samples in previous papers. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Characteristics of successful and failed mentoring relationships: a qualitative study across two academic health centers.

PubMed

Straus, Sharon E; Johnson, Mallory O; Marquez, Christine; Feldman, Mitchell D

2013-01-01

To explore the mentor-mentee relationship with a focus on determining the characteristics of effective mentors and mentees and understanding the factors influencing successful and failed mentoring relationships. The authors completed a qualitative study through the Departments of Medicine at the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine and the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine between March 2010 and January 2011. They conducted individual, semistructured interviews with faculty members from different career streams and ranks and analyzed transcripts of the interviews, drawing on grounded theory. The authors completed interviews with 54 faculty members and identified a number of themes, including the characteristics of effective mentors and mentees, actions of effective mentors, characteristics of successful and failed mentoring relationships, and tactics for successful mentoring relationships. Successful mentoring relationships were characterized by reciprocity, mutual respect, clear expectations, personal connection, and shared values. Failed mentoring relationships were characterized by poor communication, lack of commitment, personality differences, perceived (or real) competition, conflicts of interest, and the mentor's lack of experience. Successful mentorship is vital to career success and satisfaction for both mentors and mentees. Yet challenges continue to inhibit faculty members from receiving effective mentorship. Given the importance of mentorship on faculty members' careers, future studies must address the association between a failed mentoring relationship and a faculty member's career success, how to assess different approaches to mediating failed mentoring relationships, and how to evaluate strategies for effective mentorship throughout a faculty member's career.

Physical Analysis Work for Slope Stability at Shah Alam, Selangor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ishak, M. F.; Zaini, M. S. I.

2018-04-01

Slope stability analysis is performed to assess the equilibrium conditions and the safe design of a human-made or natural slope to find the endangered areas. Investigation of potential failure and determination of the slope sensitivity with regard to safety, reliability and economics were parts of this study. Ground anchor is designed to support a structure in this study. Ground anchor were implemented at the Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) wall along Anak Persiaran Jubli Perak to overcome the further cracking of pavement parking, concrete deck and building of the Apartments. A result from the laboratory testing of soil sample such as index test and shear strength test were applied to the Slope/W software with regard to the ground anchors that were implemented. The ground anchors were implemented to increase the value of the factor of safety (FOS) of the MSE Wall. The value of the factor of safety (FOS) before implementing the ground anchor was 0.800 and after the ground anchor was implemented the value increase to 1.555. The increase percentage of factor of safety by implementing on stability of slope was 94.38%.

Conductive surge testing of circuits and systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Richman, P.

1980-01-01

Techniques are given for conductive surge testing of powered electronic equipment. The correct definitions of common and normal mode are presented. Testing requires not only spike-surge generators with a suitable range of open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current waveshapes, but also appropriate means, termed couplers, for connecting test surges to the equipment under test. Key among coupler design considerations is minimization of fail positives resulting from reduction in delivered surge energy due to the coupler. Back-filters and the lines on which they are necessary, are considered as well as ground-fault and ground potential rise. A method for monitoring delivered and resulting surge waves is mentioned.

Identification and Reconfigurable Control of Impaired Multi-Rotor Drones

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stepanyan, Vahram; Krishnakumar, Kalmanje; Bencomo, Alfredo

2016-01-01

The paper presents an algorithm for control and safe landing of impaired multi-rotor drones when one or more motors fail simultaneously or in any sequence. It includes three main components: an identification block, a reconfigurable control block, and a decisions making block. The identification block monitors each motor load characteristics and the current drawn, based on which the failures are detected. The control block generates the required total thrust and three axis torques for the altitude, horizontal position and/or orientation control of the drone based on the time scale separation and nonlinear dynamic inversion. The horizontal displacement is controlled by modulating the roll and pitch angles. The decision making algorithm maps the total thrust and three torques into the individual motor thrusts based on the information provided by the identification block. The drone continues the mission execution as long as the number of functioning motors provide controllability of it. Otherwise, the controller is switched to the safe mode, which gives up the yaw control, commands a safe landing spot and descent rate while maintaining the horizontal attitude.

Anaesthesia and global health initiatives for children in a low-resource environment.

PubMed

Hodges, Sarah C

2016-06-01

As the United Nations moves from Millennium Development Goals to Sustainable Development Goals, we find ourselves with the opportunity to influence the priority of global health initiatives. Previously, the global health community has failed to recognise the importance of access to safe, affordable surgery and developing the necessary specialities that support it as most of the funding focus had been on primary healthcare and infectious diseases. Now the WHO is publishing guidelines to safe surgery and the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery has been launched. However, this is only the start; anaesthesia remains a forgotten speciality within the world of public and global health and there are still challenges in escalating surgery in low and middle-income countries to an acceptable level that is affordable and timely. Although there is increased world interest in safe surgery and anaesthesia this has not yet been translated into a mandate that will compel countries to invest in improving levels of infrastructure, accessibility, manpower, and safety. A general anaesthetic remains a dangerous event in a child's life in resource-limited countries.

New results of ground target based calibration of MOS on IRS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schwarzer, Horst H.; Franz, Bryan A.; Neumann, Andreas; Suemnich, Karl-Heinz; Walzel, Thomas; Zimmermann, Gerhard

2002-09-01

The success of the Modular Optoelectronic Scanner MOS on the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite IRS-P3 during the 6 years mission time has been based on its sophisticated in-orbit calibration concept to a large extent. When the internal lamp and the sun calibration failed in September 2000 we tested the possibility of ground target based (or vicarious) calibration of the MOS instruments to continue the high data quality. This is essential for future watching of global changes of the ocean coastal zones (phytoplancton, sediments, pollution, etc.) using spectral measurements of the VIS/NIR MOS spectral channels. The investigations have shown the suitability of a part of the Great Eastern Erg in the Sahara desert for this purpose. The satellite crosses this very homogeneous area every 24 days. Because of the good cloudfree conditions we can use 6 - 8 overflys a year for calibration. The seasonal variability of the surface reflectance is very small so that we obtain relative calibration data of sufficient accuracy even without ground truth measurements for most of the channels. The trend of this "vicarious" calibration corresponds very well with the previous trend of the failed lamp and sun calibration. Dfferences between the three methods will be discussed. In the paper we will also present the results of a comparison between SeaWiFS and MOS data of comparable spectral channels from the Great Eastern Erg area. They confirm the suitability of this area for calibration purposes too.

Wake Vortex Transport in Proximity to the Ground

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hamilton, David W.; Proctor, Fred H.

2000-01-01

A sensitivity study for aircraft wake vortex transport has been conducted using a validated large eddy simulation (LES) model. The study assumes neutrally stratified and nonturbulent environments and includes the consequences of the ground. The numerical results show that the nondimensional lateral transport is primarily influenced by the magnitude of the ambient crosswind and is insensitive to aircraft type. In most of the simulations, the ground effect extends the lateral position of the downwind vortex about one initial vortex spacing (b(sub o)) in the downstream direction. Further extension by as much as one b(sub o) occurs when the downwind vortex remains 'in ground effect' (IGE) for relatively long periods of time. Results also show that a layer-averaged ambient wind velocity can be used to bound the time for lateral transport of wake vortices to insure safe operations on a parallel runway.

Prototype Tsunami Evacuation Park in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tucker, B. E.; Cedillos, V.; Deierlein, G.; Di Mauro, M.; Kornberg, K.

2012-12-01

Padang, Indonesia, a city of some 900,000 people, half of whom live close to the coast and within a five-meter elevation above sea level, has one of the highest tsunami risks in the world due to its close offshore thrust-fault seismic hazard, flat terrain and dense population. There is a high probability that a tsunami will strike the shores of Padang, flooding half of the area of the city, within the next 30 years. If that tsunami occurred today, it is estimated that several hundred thousand people would die, as they could not reach safe ground in the ~30 minute interval between the earthquake's occurrence and the tsunami's arrival. Padang's needs have been amply demonstrated: after earthquakes in 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2012, citizens, thinking that those earthquakes might cause a tsunami, tried to evacuate in cars and motorbikes, which created traffic jams, and most could not reach safe ground in 30 minutes. Since 2008, GeoHazards International (GHI) and Stanford University have studied a range of options for improving this situation, including ways to accelerate evacuation to high ground with pedestrian bridges and widened roads, and means of "vertical" evacuation in multi-story buildings, mosques, pedestrian overpasses, and Tsunami Evacuation Parks (TEPs), which are man-made hills with recreation facilities on top. TEPs proved most practical and cost-effective for Padang, given the available budget, technology and time. The Earth Observatory Singapore (EOS) developed an agent-based model that simulates pedestrian and vehicular evacuation to assess tsunami risk and risk reduction interventions in Southeast Asia. EOS applied this model to analyze the effectiveness in Padang of TEPs over other tsunami risk management approaches in terms of evacuation times and the number of people saved. The model shows that only ~24,000 people (20% of the total population) in the northern part of Padang can reach safe ground within 30 minutes, if people evacuate using cars and motorbikes immediately after the earthquake. If one TEP is built, ~46,000 could reach safe ground within 30 minutes, and if three were built ~72,000 could. GHI has acquired permission to build a prototype TEP in the northern part of Padang that would accommodate about 25,000 people during the time of a tsunami. This would cost about 4.7 million, amounting to a cost-per-life-saved of ~US200, far lower than the per capita cost of the other options. The cost of replication should be less. This interdisciplinary, international effort demonstrated that TEPs offer the best option for Padang because they have the potential to save thousands of lives, are relatively simple to build and maintain, invite everyday recreational use by the community, and have attracted strong Indonesian government support as a possible means to manage the country's tsunami risk.

F-15 HiDEC in flight over Mojave desert

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

NASA's F-15 HIDEC (Highly Integrated Digital Electronic Control) research aircraft cruises over California's Mojave Desert at sunset on a flight out of the Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California. The aircraft was used to carry out research on engine and flight control systems and most recently demonstrated the use of computer-assisted engine controls as a means of landing an aircraft safely with only engine power if its normal control surfaces such as elevators, rudders or ailerons are disabled. The aircraft also tested and evaluated a computerized self-repair flight control system for the Air Force that detects damaged or failed flight control surfaces, and then reconfigures undamaged flight surfaces so the mission can continue or the aircraft is landed safely. Nearly all research being carried out in the HIDEC program is applicable to future civilian and military aircraft.

Fracture strength of flawed cylindrical pressure vessels under cryogenic temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christopher, T.; Sankarnarayanasamy, K.; Nageswara Rao, B.

2002-11-01

Damage tolerant and fail-safe approaches have been employed increasingly in the design of critical engineering components. In these approaches, one has to assess the residual strength of a component with an assumed pre-existing crack. In other cases, cracks may be detected during service. Then, there is a need to evaluate the residual strength of the cracked components in order to decide whether they can be continued safely or repair and replacement are imperative. A three-parameter fracture criterion is applied to correlate the fracture data on aluminium, titanium and steel materials from test results on cylindrical tanks/pressure vessels at cryogenic temperatures. Fracture parameters to generate the failure assessment diagram are determined for the materials considered in the present study. Failure pressure estimates were found to be in good agreement with test results.

Microbial quality of improved drinking water sources: evidence from western Kenya and southern Vietnam.

PubMed

Grady, Caitlin A; Kipkorir, Emmanuel C; Nguyen, Kien; Blatchley, E R

2015-06-01

In recent decades, more than 2 billion people have gained access to improved drinking water sources thanks to extensive effort from governments, and public and private sector entities. Despite this progress, many water sector development interventions do not provide access to safe water or fail to be sustained for long-term use. The authors examined drinking water quality of previously implemented water improvement projects in three communities in western Kenya and three communities in southern Vietnam. The cross-sectional study of 219 households included measurements of viable Escherichia coli. High rates of E. coli prevalence in these improved water sources were found in many of the samples. These findings suggest that measures above and beyond the traditional 'improved source' definition may be necessary to ensure truly safe water throughout these regions.

Landfast Sea Ice Breakouts: Stabilizing Ice Features, Oceanic and Atmospheric Forcing at Barrow, Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, J.; Eicken, H.; Mahoney, A. R.; MV, R.; Kambhamettu, C.; Fukamachi, Y.; Ohshima, K. I.; George, C.

2016-12-01

Landfast sea ice is an important seasonal feature along most Arctic coastlines, such as that of the Chukchi Sea near Barrow, Alaska. Its stability throughout the ice season is determined by many factors but grounded pressure ridges are the primary stabilizing component. Landfast ice breakouts occur when these grounded ridges fail or unground, and previously stationary ice detaches from the coast and drifts away. Using ground-based radar imagery from a coastal ice and ocean observatory at Barrow, we have developed a method to estimate the extent of grounded ridges by tracking ice motion and deformation over the course of winter and have derived ice keel depth and potential for grounding from cumulative convergent ice motion. Estimates of landfast ice grounding strength have been compared to the atmospheric and oceanic stresses acting on the landfast ice before and during breakout events to determine prevailing causes for the failure of stabilizing features. Applying this approach to two case studies in 2008 and 2010, we conclude that a combination of atmospheric and oceanic stresses may have caused the breakouts analyzed in this study, with the latter as the dominant force. Preconditioning (as weakening) of grounded ridges by sea level variations may facilitate failure of the ice sheet leading to breakout events.

Landfast sea ice breakouts: Stabilizing ice features, oceanic and atmospheric forcing at Barrow, Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, Joshua; Eicken, Hajo; Mahoney, Andrew; MV, Rohith; Kambhamettu, Chandra; Fukamachi, Yasushi; Ohshima, Kay I.; George, J. Craig

2016-09-01

Landfast sea ice is an important seasonal feature along most Arctic coastlines, such as that of the Chukchi Sea near Barrow, Alaska. Its stability throughout the ice season is determined by many factors but grounded pressure ridges are the primary stabilizing component. Landfast ice breakouts occur when these grounded ridges fail or unground, and previously stationary ice detaches from the coast and drifts away. Using ground-based radar imagery from a coastal ice and ocean observatory at Barrow, we have developed a method to estimate the extent of grounded ridges by tracking ice motion and deformation over the course of winter and have derived ice keel depth and potential for grounding from cumulative convergent ice motion. Estimates of landfast ice grounding strength have been compared to the atmospheric and oceanic stresses acting on the landfast ice before and during breakout events to determine prevailing causes for the failure of stabilizing features. Applying this approach to two case studies in 2008 and 2010, we conclude that a combination of atmospheric and oceanic stresses may have caused the breakouts analyzed in this study, with the latter as the dominant force. Preconditioning (as weakening) of grounded ridges by sea level variations may facilitate failure of the ice sheet leading to breakout events.

Ground Motion Modeling in the Eastern Caucasus

DOE PAGES

Pitarka, Arben; Gok, Rengin; Yetirmishli, Gurban; ...

2016-05-13

In this paper, we analyzed the performance of a preliminary three-dimensional (3D) velocity model of the Eastern Caucasus covering most of the Azerbaijan. The model was developed in support to long-period ground motion simulations and seismic hazard assessment from regional earthquakes in Azerbaijan. The model’s performance was investigated by simulating ground motion from the damaging Mw 5.9, 2012 Zaqatala earthquake, which was well recorded throughout the region by broadband seismic instruments. In our simulations, we use a parallelized finite-difference method of fourth-order accuracy. The comparison between the simulated and recorded ground motion velocity in the modeled period range of 3–20more » s shows that in general, the 3D velocity model performs well. Areas in which the model needs improvements are located mainly in the central part of the Kura basin and in the Caspian Sea coastal areas. Comparisons of simulated ground motion using our 3D velocity model and corresponding 1D regional velocity model were used to locate areas with strong 3D wave propagation effects. In areas with complex underground structure, the 1D model fails to produce the observed ground motion amplitude and duration, and spatial extend of ground motion amplification caused by wave propagation effects.« less

From safe yield to sustainable development of water resources - The Kansas experience

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sophocleous, M.

2000-01-01

This paper presents a synthesis of water sustainability issues from the hydrologic perspective. It shows that safe yield is a flawed concept and that sustainability is an idea that is broadly used but perhaps not well understood. In general, the sustainable yield of an aquifer must be considerably less than recharge if adequate amounts of water are to be available to sustain both the quantity and quality of streams, springs, wetlands, and ground-water-dependent ecosystems. To ensure sustainability, it is imperative that water limits be established based on hydrologic principles of mass balance. To establish water-use policies and planning horizons, the transition curves of aquifer systems from ground-water storage depletion to induced recharge of surface water need to be developed. Present-day numerical models are capable of generating such transition curves. Several idealized examples of aquifer systems show how this could be done. Because of the complexity of natural systems and the uncertainties in characterizing them, the current philosophy underlying sustainable management of water resources is based on the interconnected systems approach and on adaptive management. Examples of water-resources management from Kansas illustrate some of these concepts in a real-world setting. Some of the hallmarks of Kansas water management are the formation of local ground-water management districts, the adoption of minimum streamflow standards, the use of modified safe-yield policies in some districts, the implementation of integrated resource planning by the City of Wichita, and the subbasin water-resources management program in potential problem areas. These are all appropriate steps toward sustainable development. The Kansas examples show that local decision-making is the best way to fully account for local variability in water management. However, it is imperative that public education and involvement be encouraged, so that system complexities and constraints are better understood and overly simplistic solutions avoided. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.This paper presents a synthesis of water sustainability issues from the hydrologic perspective. It shows that safe yield is a flawed concept and that sustainability is an idea that is broadly used but perhaps not well understood. In general, the sustainable yield of an aquifer must be considerably less than recharge if adequate amounts of water are to be available to sustain both the quantity and quality of streams, springs, wetlands, and ground-water-dependent ecosystems. To ensure sustainability, it is imperative that water limits be established based on hydrologic principles of mass balance. To establish water-use policies and planning horizons, the transition curves of aquifer systems from ground-water storage depletion to induced recharge of surface water need to be developed. Present-day numerical models are capable of generating such transition curves. Several idealized examples of aquifer systems show how this could be done. Because of the complexity of natural systems and the uncertainties in characterizing them, the current philosophy underlying sustainable management of water resources is based on the interconnected systems approach and on adaptive management. Examples of water-resources management from Kansas illustrate some of these concepts in a real-world setting. Some of the hallmarks of Kansas water management are the formation of local ground-water management districts, the adoption of minimum streamflow standards, the use of modified safe-yield policies in some districts, the implementation of integrated resource planning by the City of Wichita, and the subbasin water-resources management program in potential problem areas. These are all appropriate steps toward sustainable development. The Kansas examples show that local decision-making is the best way to fully account for local variability in water management. However, it is imperative that public education and involv

School Proposals in "Tough Choices" Report Could Face Frosty Reception from States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McNeil, Michele

2007-01-01

This article describes how a 169-page report "Tough Choices or Tough Times" by the New Commission on the Skills of the American Workforce affect the educational and economic stability of the United States. The report says, that the United States is losing ground in the global economy because the nation's education system is failing at…

"You Can See the Quality in Front of Your Eyes": Grounding Academic Standards between Rationality and Interpretation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bloxham, Sue

2012-01-01

This article considers the failure of theory to provide a workable model for academic standards in use. Examining the contrast between theoretical perspectives, it argues that there are four dimensions for which the academy has failed to provide an adequate theoretical account of standards: documented or tacit knowledge of standards; norm or…

A College that Reinvented Itself: The Wilson College Story

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Armacost, Mary-Linda Merriam

2011-01-01

This article presents the story of Wilson College, the only college in the United States where a group of alumnae took the trustees to court over the issue of the announced closing and won the case. The court reversed the trustees' decision on the grounds that the college had failed to seek approval from the court before announcing the change in…

Modeling the Effect of Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems on Nitrate Load Using SWAT in an Urban Watershed of Metropolitan Atlanta, GA

EPA Science Inventory

Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems (OWTSs) can be a source of nitrate (NO3-) contamination in both surface and ground waters as a result of failing or high density systems. In metropolitan Atlanta, more than 26% of homes are on OWTS and this percentage is expected to increase wi...

Hospital-affiliated practices reduce 'red ink'.

PubMed

Bohlmann, R C

1998-01-01

Many complain that hospital-group practice affiliations are a failed model and should be abandoned. The author argues for a less rash approach, saying the goal should be to understand the problems precisely, then fix them. Benchmarking is a good place to start. The article outlines the basic definition and ground rules of bench-marking and explains what resources help accomplish the task.

"Greenbelt or Gutter": Youth "Place-Based" Performance and the Myth of the Suburban/Urban Divide

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wessels, Anne

2014-01-01

A youth-created "place-based" performance set in the grounds of their suburban school challenged the myth of the suburban/urban divide that pits the edenic suburb against the dirty and crime-ridden city. Depicting the power relations of a failed utopia, these youth provoked the researcher to embark on further inquiry, analysing other…

Mapping the Margins and Searching for Higher Ground: Examining the Marginalisation of Black Female Graduate Students at PWIs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Dari; Pulley, Tifanie; Jackson, Melinda; Martin, Lori Latrice; Fasching-Varner, Kenneth J.

2018-01-01

The number of Black females enrolled in colleges and universities has grown in recent years, particularly at predominately white institutions (PWIs). Currently, research on the rise of Black females at PWIs is limited and fails to adequately address the emotional, social, and mental well-being of these students. Recent studies also largely ignore…

Correlation and nonlocality measures as indicators of quantum phase transitions in several critical systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Altintas, Ferdi, E-mail: ferdialtintas@ibu.edu.tr; Eryigit, Resul, E-mail: resul@ibu.edu.tr

2012-12-15

We have investigated the quantum phase transitions in the ground states of several critical systems, including transverse field Ising and XY models as well as XY with multiple spin interactions, XXZ and the collective system Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick models, by using different quantumness measures, such as entanglement of formation, quantum discord, as well as its classical counterpart, measurement-induced disturbance and the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt-Bell function. Measurement-induced disturbance is found to detect the first and second order phase transitions present in these critical systems, while, surprisingly, it is found to fail to signal the infinite-order phase transition present in the XXZ model. Remarkably, the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt-Bellmore » function is found to detect all the phase transitions, even when quantum and classical correlations are zero for the relevant ground state. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The ability of correlation measures to detect quantum phase transitions has been studied. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Measurement induced disturbance fails to detect the infinite order phase transition. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer CHSH-Bell function detects all phase transitions even when the bipartite density matrix is uncorrelated.« less

Pitting failure of copper pipings for emergency fire sprinkler in ground water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baek, Seung-won; Lee, Jong-kwon; Kim, Jong-jip; Kim, Kyung-ja

2015-05-01

The possibility of microbiologically influenced corrosion was investigated in the early pitted copper pipes. The pipes were installed for less than 6 months as an immergency fire sprinkler. The bacteria were cultured by sampling of corrosion by-product near pits on failed copper pipes for the aerobic as well as anaerobic bacteria. However, only aerobic bacteria was found, which were Micrococcus Luteus and Bacillus sp.. The corrosion rate of copper pipes were studied by weight loss in the groundwater and polarization method. In immersion test as well as the electrochemical polarization test in ground water, only Micrococcus Luteus could activate corrosion of copper by 20% and 15%, respectively. On the other hand, Bacillus sp. showed little effect on corrosion in the above two tests. The shape and characteristics of failed copper pipes as well as simulated copper were investigated using stereoscope, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope and EDS. The cause of pits were discussed, related with the dissolved copper concentrations, pH, and optical density. It could be concluded that the early failure of copper pipings could be ascribed to the acceration of copper in the presence of bacteria, i.e., Micrococcus Luteus.

Fail-Safe Pressure Plug

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Svejkovsky, Paul A.

1993-01-01

Protective plug resists slowly built-up pressure or automatically releases itself if pressure rises suddenly. Seals out moisture at pressures ranging from 50 micrometers of mercury to 200 pounds per square inch. Designed to seal throat of 38 Reaction Control Thrusters on Space Shuttle protecting internal components from corrosion. Plug conforms to contour of nozzle throat, where O-ring forms pressure seal. After plug inserted, cover attached by use of cover-fitting assembly. Modified versions useful in protecting engines, pumps, reaction vessels, and other industrial equipment during shipment and maintenance.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Masala, Salvatore; Roselli, Mario; Manenti, Guglielmo

A 70-year-old man with a painful vertebral metastasis was treated with combined percutaneous cryoablation and vertebroplasty therapy (CVT) in one session. The patient was suffering from diffuse visceral metastasized cholangiocarcinoma. After several weeks of back pain, magnetic resonance imaging documented a single L2 bone metastasis. In consultation with the oncologists, palliative combined CVT was administered with the aim of obtaining pain relief and bone stabilization. In our experience this combined treatment is safe and effective for immediate pain relief in painful bone metastases when other standard palliative treatments have failed.

Towards a Fail-Safe Air Force Culture: Creating a Resilient Future While Avoiding Past Mistakes

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-16

for either preventing catastrophic failures or in the event they occur. The Air Force Safety process often uses the ― Swiss Cheese ‖ model to...evaluate accidents. The image of holes in the protective cheese layers (proactive and reactive measures) lining up in such a way as to allow an accident is... cheese . More importantly, however, a HRO‘s focus is on ―the process of the slices lining up as each moment where one hole aligns with another

A View From Space. NASA Systems Engineering and Test

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

rocket ship called Atlantis came alive. Technology was ubiquitous. There were so many critical components that had to be harmonized. If it weren’t for...notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a...July 8, 2011, affirmed whether every key compo- nent could safely “go for launch.” If any component operated outside its performance enve- lope

Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations In Brief

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-21

Zones,” Voice of America, March 8, 2017. 14 Ibid; Liz Sly, “Turkey’s Erdogan wants to establish a safe zone in the ISIS capital Raqqa,” Washington Post...Al Bab, a key transport hub in northern Syria that had been controlled since 2014 by the Islamic State. President Erdogan consistently refers to...the aftermath of the July 2016 failed coup), Erdogan may opt to seek closer relations with Russia, possibly at the expense of Turkey’s long-term ties

An Analysis of the Concurrent Certification Program at Fleet Readiness Center Southwest

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

Mapping  5S Methodology  Kanban  Poka - yoke  A3 Problem Solving  Single Point Lesson Plans (SPLP)  Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) 54 What...the actual demand of the customers. Kanban is as a demand signal which immediately propagates through the supply chain. D. POKA - YOKE : A Japanese...term that means "fail-safing" or "mistake- proofing." Avoiding (yokeru) inadvertent errors ( poka ) is a behavior-shaping constraint, or a method of

Impulse Flashover Tests at Edgar Beauchamp High Voltage Test Facility, Dixon, California, in Support of Cutler Insulator Failure Investigation

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-07-01

sites. The strength member of the safety core insulators is a fiberglass belt wrapped around pins in the end fittings. Porcelain tubes cover the belt... porcelain tube and heavily tracked the fiberglass belt but left the belt intact structurally (Figure 1). Figure 1. Cutler safety core insulator ...fail-safe insulators . For these tests, the porcelain tube of the safety core insulator was replaced with a plastic see-through tube. The test report [5

PIV Measurements of the CEV Hot Abort Motor Plume for CFD Validation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wernet, Mark; Wolter, John D.; Locke, Randy; Wroblewski, Adam; Childs, Robert; Nelson, Andrea

2010-01-01

NASA s next manned launch platform for missions to the moon and Mars are the Orion and Ares systems. Many critical aspects of the launch system performance are being verified using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions. The Orion Launch Abort Vehicle (LAV) consists of a tower mounted tractor rocket tasked with carrying the Crew Module (CM) safely away from the launch vehicle in the event of a catastrophic failure during the vehicle s ascent. Some of the predictions involving the launch abort system flow fields produced conflicting results, which required further investigation through ground test experiments. Ground tests were performed to acquire data from a hot supersonic jet in cross-flow for the purpose of validating CFD turbulence modeling relevant to the Orion Launch Abort Vehicle (LAV). Both 2-component axial plane Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and 3-component cross-stream Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) measurements were obtained on a model of an Abort Motor (AM). Actual flight conditions could not be simulated on the ground, so the highest temperature and pressure conditions that could be safely used in the test facility (nozzle pressure ratio 28.5 and a nozzle temperature ratio of 3) were used for the validation tests. These conditions are significantly different from those of the flight vehicle, but were sufficiently high enough to begin addressing turbulence modeling issues that predicated the need for the validation tests.

Better utilization of ground water in the Piedmont and mountain region of the southeast

USGS Publications Warehouse

Heath, Ralph C.

1979-01-01

The development of water supplies for domestic consumption, and for those commercial and industrial uses requiring relatively pure water, has followed a pattern in the Piedmont and mountain areas of the southeast similar to that in most other humid areas. The first settlers utilized seepage springs on hillsides. Such springs occur along steep slopes where the water table intersects the land surface. As the population of the region grew, it became increasingly necessary to resort to shallow dug wells for domestic water supplies. Such wells also served as sources of water for the villages that developed, in time, around crossroad taverns. Seepage springs and dug wells are a satisfactory source of water in a virgin environment but are quickly polluted by careless waste-disposal practices. Thus disposal of domestic wastes in shallow pits resulted in epidemics of water-borne diseases as the villages grew into towns. This resulted in the third phase of water-supply development, which consisted of installing water lines and supplying water to homes from town-owned wells. In time, some of these wells became polluted and others failed to supply adequate water for the increasing needs of the larger urban areas. In the fourth phase these areas met their needs by drawing water from nearby streams. By the early years of this century it was possible to make this water palatable and relatively safe as a result of improvement in filtration methods. Streams, of course, have highly variable rates of flow and, as towns grew into small cities, the minimum flow of many streams was not adequate to meet the water-supply needs. This problem was solved in the fifth phase by building dams on the streams. We are still in this phase as we build larger and larger reservoirs to meet our growing water needs. Thus, through five phases of growth in the Piedmont and mountains we have advanced from the point where ground water was the sole source of supply to the point where it is the forgotten resource. For reasons to be explained below, a sixth phase can be foreseen in which ground water and surface water are recognized as parts of the hydrologic system with advantages in their conjunctive development and use.

Soft Computing Approach to Evaluate and Predict Blast-Induced Ground Vibration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khandelwal, Manoj

2010-05-01

Drilling and blasting is still one of the major economical operations to excavate a rock mass. The consumption of explosive has been increased many folds in recent years. These explosives are mainly used for the exploitation of minerals in mining industry or the removal of undesirable rockmass for community development. The amount of chemical energy converted into mechanical energy to fragment and displace the rockmass is minimal. Only 20 to 30% of this explosive energy is utilized for the actual fragmentation and displacement of rockmass and rest of the energy is wasted in undesirable ill effects, like, ground vibration, air over pressure, fly rock, back break, noise, etc. Ground vibration induced due to blasting is very crucial and critical as compared to other ill effects due to involvement of public residing in the close vicinity of mining sites, regulating and ground vibration standards setting agencies together with mine owners and environmentalists and ecologists. Also, with the emphasis shifting towards eco-friendly, sustainable and geo-environmental activities, the field of ground vibration have now become an important and imperative parameter for safe and smooth running of any mining and civil project. The ground vibration is a wave motion, spreading outward from the blast like ripples spreading outwards due to impact of a stone dropped into a pond of water. As the vibration passes through the surface structures, it induces vibrations in those structures also. Sometimes, due to high ground vibration level, dwellings may get damaged and there is always confrontation between mine management and the people residing in the surroundings of the mine area. There is number of vibration predictors available suggested by different researchers. All the predictors estimate the PPV based on mainly two parameters (maximum charge used per delay and distance between blast face to monitoring point). However, few predictors considered attenuation/damping factor too. For the same excavation site, different predictors give different values of safe PPV vis-à-vis safe charge per delay. There is no uniformity in the predicted result by different predictors. All vibration predictor equations have their site specific constants. Therefore, they cannot be used in a generalized way with confidence and zero level of risk. To overcome on this aspect new soft computing tools like artificial neural network (ANN) has attracted because of its ability to learn from the pattern acquainted before. ANN has the ability to learn from patterns acquainted before. It is a highly interconnected network of a large number of processing elements called neurons in an architecture inspired by the brain. ANN can be massively parallel and hence said to exhibit parallel distributed processing. Once, the network has been trained, with sufficient number of sample data sets, it can make reliable and trustworthy predictions on the basis of its previous learning, about the output related to new input data set of similar pattern. This paper deals the application of ANN for the prediction of ground vibration by taking into consideration of maximum charge per delay and distance between blast face to monitoring point. To investigate the appropriateness of this approach, the predictions by ANN have been also compared with other vibration predictor equations.

Regulative recovery in the sea urchin embryo and the stabilizing role of fail-safe gene network wiring

PubMed Central

Smith, Joel; Davidson, Eric H.

2009-01-01

Design features that ensure reproducible and invariant embryonic processes are major characteristics of current gene regulatory network models. New cis-regulatory studies on a gene regulatory network subcircuit activated early in the development of the sea urchin embryo reveal a sequence of encoded “fail-safe” regulatory devices. These ensure the maintenance of fate separation between skeletogenic and nonskeletogenic mesoderm lineages. An unexpected consequence of the network design revealed in the course of these experiments is that it enables the embryo to “recover” from regulatory interference that has catastrophic effects if this feature is disarmed. A reengineered regulatory system inserted into the embryo was used to prove how this system operates in vivo. Genomically encoded backup control circuitry thus provides the mechanism underlying a specific example of the regulative development for which the sea urchin embryo has long been famous. PMID:19822764

Popcorn-worker lung caused by corporate and regulatory negligence: an avoidable tragedy.

PubMed

Egilman, David; Mailloux, Caroline; Valentin, Claire

2007-01-01

Diacetyl-containing butter flavor was identified as the cause of an outbreak of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) and other lung diseases in popcorn-plant workers. Litigation documents show that the outbreak was both predictable and preventable. The industry trade organization was aware of BO cases in workers at butter-flavoring and popcorn-manufacturing plants but often failed to implement industrial hygiene improvements and actively hid pertinent warning information. Due to weaknesses in the organization and mandates of regulatory bodies, organizations such as NIOSH, OSHA, the FDA, particularly the "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) system, and the EPA failed to detect and prevent the outbreak, which highlights the need for systemic changes in food-product regulation, including the need for corporations to act responsibly, for stronger regulations with active enforcement, for a restructuring of the GRAS system, and for criminal penalties against corporations and professionals who knowingly hide information relevant to worker protection.

Man-machine interface and control of the shuttle digital flight system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burghduff, R. D.; Lewis, J. L., Jr.

1985-01-01

The space shuttle main engine (SSME) presented new requirements in the design of controls for large pump fed liquid rocket engine systems. These requirements were the need for built in full mission support capability, and complexity and flexibility of function not previously needed in this type of application. An engine mounted programmable digital control system was developed to meet these requirements. The engine system and controller and their function are described. Design challenges encountered during the course of development included accommodation for a very severe engine environment, the implementation of redundancy and redundancy management to provide fail operational/fail safe capability, removal of heat from the package, and significant constraints on computer memory size and processing time. The flexibility offered by programmable control reshaped the approach to engine design and development and set the pattern for future controls development in these types of applications.

Vertical interventions and system effects; have we learned anything from past experiences?

PubMed Central

Oliveira, Charlotte; Russo, Giuliano

2015-01-01

The recent Ebola Virus Outbreak had a devastating effect on West Africa's already feeble national health systems. We suggest that such an impact turned out to be catastrophic because it hit particularly hard human resources for health and the delivery of primary healthcare services, which are cross-sectional to any health system. National and international interventions failed to understand the nature of this interaction, and concentrated on attending urgent specific vertical functions to fight the outbreak - the pillars - such as surveillance, logistics, safe burials etc. Such patchwork and vertical intervention strategy was always going to fail to tackle a system-wide problem, particularly in already fragile systems. We suggest that future interventions will have to learn from the experience of past initiatives for the introduction of HIV-AIDS services, which started as vertical programs and ended up including ever growing health system strengthening components. PMID:26523197

Managing the Mars Science Laboratory Thermal Vacuum Test for Safety and Success

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Evans, Jordan P.

2010-01-01

The Mars Science Laboratory is a NASA/JPL mission to send the next generation of rover to Mars. Originally slated for launch in 2009, development problems led to a delay in the project until the next launch opportunity in 2011. Amidst the delay process, the Launch/Cruise Solar Thermal Vacuum Test was undertaken as risk reduction for the project. With varying maturity and capabilities of the flight and ground systems, undertaking the test in a safe manner presented many challenges. This paper describes the technical and management challenges and the actions undertaken that led to the ultimate safe and successful execution of the test.

Human Waste, Estrogen and Chemicals- Will I be eating this?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farmer, S.; Jones, K.

2016-12-01

Dixon School of the Arts students have partnered with From the Ground Up Community Garden to learn more about gardening and to start a school garden in Pensacola, Florida. There are many soils options to learn about and test. Just this year ECUA, Emerald Coast Utilities Authority developed a new compost using biosolids. While they advertise that it is safe to grow food in, there are many discrepancies within the local organic garden communities. This project will be designed to determine if local food can be grown in the soil, if it grows bigger and better than alternative soils and finally if it is safe to eat.

Experiences of visually impaired students in higher education: Bodily perspectives on inclusive education.

PubMed

Lourens, Heidi; Swartz, Leslie

Although previous literature sheds light on the experiences of visually impaired students on tertiary grounds, these studies failed to provide an embodied understanding of their lives. In-depth interviews with 15 visually impaired students at one university demonstrated the ways in which they experienced their disability and the built environment in their bodies. At the same time, lost, fearful, shameful and aching bodies revealed prevailing gaps in provision for disabled students. Through this research it becomes clear how the environment is acutely felt within fleshly worlds, while bodies do not fail to tell of disabling societal structures. Based on the bodily stories, we thus make recommendations to improve the lives of visually impaired students on tertiary campuses.

Experiences of visually impaired students in higher education: Bodily perspectives on inclusive education

PubMed Central

Lourens, Heidi; Swartz, Leslie

2016-01-01

Although previous literature sheds light on the experiences of visually impaired students on tertiary grounds, these studies failed to provide an embodied understanding of their lives. In-depth interviews with 15 visually impaired students at one university demonstrated the ways in which they experienced their disability and the built environment in their bodies. At the same time, lost, fearful, shameful and aching bodies revealed prevailing gaps in provision for disabled students. Through this research it becomes clear how the environment is acutely felt within fleshly worlds, while bodies do not fail to tell of disabling societal structures. Based on the bodily stories, we thus make recommendations to improve the lives of visually impaired students on tertiary campuses. PMID:27917028

77 FR 27451 - Permitting Guidance for Oil and Gas Hydraulic Fracturing Activities Using Diesel Fuels-Draft...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-10

... authority. The draft guidance includes EPA's interpretation of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and...., Washington, DC 20460. Hand Delivery: Office of Water (OW) Docket, EPA/DC, EPA West, Room 3334, 1301... Injection Control Program, Drinking Water Protection Division, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (MC...

21 CFR 172.365 - Kelp.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Kelp. 172.365 Section 172.365 Food and Drugs FOOD... Dietary and Nutritional Additives § 172.365 Kelp. Kelp may be safely added to a food as a source of the... lactating women. The food additive kelp is the dehydrated, ground product prepared from Macrocystis pyrifera...

Ground, Warmth, and Light: Facilitating Conditions for Reflection and Transformative Dialogue

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mälkki, Kaisu; Green, Larry

2016-01-01

In this paper we look into the conditions in which dialogue could be utilized to facilitate transformative learning and reflection. We explore the notion of a safe and accepting learning environment from the relational and phenomenological viewpoint, and analyze what it actually means and how it may be developed. We understand facilitating…

21 CFR 573.160 - Ammoniated rice hulls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Ammoniated rice hulls. 573.160 Section 573.160... Additive Listing § 573.160 Ammoniated rice hulls. The food additive ammoniated rice hulls may be safely... obtained by the treatment of ground rice hulls with monocalcium phosphate and anhydrous ammonia at a...

40 CFR 122.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., radioactive materials (except those regulated under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2011... ground or surface water resources. Note: Radioactive materials covered by the Atomic Energy Act are those... 48 FR 14153, Apr. 1, 1983. (Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S...

40 CFR 122.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., radioactive materials (except those regulated under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2011... ground or surface water resources. Note: Radioactive materials covered by the Atomic Energy Act are those... 48 FR 14153, Apr. 1, 1983. (Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S...

77 FR 40354 - Permitting Guidance for Oil and Gas Hydraulic Fracturing Activities Using Diesel Fuels-Draft

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-09

... INFORMATION CONTACT: Sherri Comerford, Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program, Drinking Water Protection Division, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (MC-4606M), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200... Fracturing and the Safe Drinking Water Act Web site, http://water.epa.gov/type/groundwater/uic/class2...

40 CFR 122.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., radioactive materials (except those regulated under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2011... ground or surface water resources. Note: Radioactive materials covered by the Atomic Energy Act are those... 48 FR 14153, Apr. 1, 1983. (Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S...

Revising School Attack Protections since 9/11

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Black, Susan

2004-01-01

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, prompted federal officials to step up campaigns to make schools safe. After visiting Ground Zero at New York City's World Trade Center, Education Secretary Rodney Paige sent each chief state school officer suggestions for managing school crises. Many states also have school safety plans in place. New…

Trajectory Design Considerations for Small Body Touch-and-Go

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wallace, Mark; Broschart, Stephen; Bonfiglio, Eugene; Bhaskharan, Shyam; Cangahuala, Alberto

2011-01-01

Outline: (1) Trajectory Description (2) Design Drivers: (2a) Dynamics (2b) Environment (2c) Spacecraft and Ground and System Capabilities (2d) Mission Objectives (3) Design Choices (4) Historical Precedents (5) Case Studies. What is Touch-and-Go (TAG)? (1) Descent to the surface (2) Brief contact (3) Ascends to a safe distance

SC3: Protecting Students and Staff with Green Cleaning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Environmental Protection Agency, 2008

2008-01-01

EPA's Schools Chemical Cleanout Campaign (SC3) is working to encourage schools to use green cleaning practices to safely clean their classrooms and grounds. From elementary school maintenance closets to high school chemistry labs, schools use a variety of chemicals. Some of the most essential chemicals are those that keep schools clean and safe…

40 CFR 144.28 - Requirements for Class I, II, and III wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (Bankruptcy) of the United States Code which names the owner or operator as debtor, within 10 business days... AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM Authorization of... requirements constitutes a violation of the Safe Drinking Water Act and is grounds for enforcement action...