76 FR 18960 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-06

... unsafe condition is damage to wiring in the wing, center, and trim fuel tanks, due to failed P-clips used..., center, or trim fuel tanks. The proposed AD would require actions that are intended to address the unsafe..., 2009]. The unsafe condition is damage to wiring in the wing, center, and trim fuel tanks, due to failed...

77 FR 13009 - Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: Identification of Additional Qualifying Renewable Fuel...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-05

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 80 [EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0542; FRL-9642-3] RIN 2060-AR07 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: Identification of Additional Qualifying Renewable Fuel Pathways Under... of Sec. 80.1426 to identify additional renewable fuel production pathways and pathway components that...

14 CFR 23.979 - Pressure fueling systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Powerplant Fuel System § 23... fueling system fuel manifold connection must have means to prevent the escape of hazardous quantities of fuel from the system if the fuel entry valve fails. (b) An automatic shutoff means must be provided to...

14 CFR 23.979 - Pressure fueling systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Powerplant Fuel System § 23... fueling system fuel manifold connection must have means to prevent the escape of hazardous quantities of fuel from the system if the fuel entry valve fails. (b) An automatic shutoff means must be provided to...

14 CFR 23.979 - Pressure fueling systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Powerplant Fuel System § 23... fueling system fuel manifold connection must have means to prevent the escape of hazardous quantities of fuel from the system if the fuel entry valve fails. (b) An automatic shutoff means must be provided to...

14 CFR 23.979 - Pressure fueling systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Powerplant Fuel System § 23... fueling system fuel manifold connection must have means to prevent the escape of hazardous quantities of fuel from the system if the fuel entry valve fails. (b) An automatic shutoff means must be provided to...

14 CFR 23.979 - Pressure fueling systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Powerplant Fuel System § 23... fueling system fuel manifold connection must have means to prevent the escape of hazardous quantities of fuel from the system if the fuel entry valve fails. (b) An automatic shutoff means must be provided to...

40 CFR 80.521 - What are the standards and identification requirements for diesel fuel additives?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... identification requirements for diesel fuel additives? 80.521 Section 80.521 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) REGULATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES... requirements for diesel fuel additives? (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, any diesel...

40 CFR 80.521 - What are the standards and identification requirements for diesel fuel additives?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... identification requirements for diesel fuel additives? 80.521 Section 80.521 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) REGULATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES... requirements for diesel fuel additives? (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, any diesel...

40 CFR 80.521 - What are the standards and identification requirements for diesel fuel additives?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... identification requirements for diesel fuel additives? 80.521 Section 80.521 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) REGULATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES... requirements for diesel fuel additives? (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, any diesel...

40 CFR 80.521 - What are the standards and identification requirements for diesel fuel additives?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... identification requirements for diesel fuel additives? 80.521 Section 80.521 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) REGULATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES... requirements for diesel fuel additives? (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, any diesel...

40 CFR 80.521 - What are the standards and identification requirements for diesel fuel additives?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... identification requirements for diesel fuel additives? 80.521 Section 80.521 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) REGULATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES... requirements for diesel fuel additives? (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, any diesel...

Prescribed burning in ponderosa pine: fuel reductions and redistributing fuels near boles to prevent injury

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Prescribed burning can be an effective tool for thinning forests and reducing fuels to lessen wildfire risks. However, prescribed burning sometimes fails to substantially reduce fuels and sometimes damages/kills valuable, large trees. This study compared fuel reductions between fall and spring pre...

33 CFR 183.524 - Fuel pumps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Fuel pumps. 183.524 Section 183... SAFETY BOATS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT Fuel Systems Equipment Standards § 183.524 Fuel pumps. (a) Each diaphragm pump must not leak fuel from the pump if the primary diaphragm fails. (b) Each electrically...

33 CFR 183.524 - Fuel pumps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Fuel pumps. 183.524 Section 183... SAFETY BOATS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT Fuel Systems Equipment Standards § 183.524 Fuel pumps. (a) Each diaphragm pump must not leak fuel from the pump if the primary diaphragm fails. (b) Each electrically...

33 CFR 183.524 - Fuel pumps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Fuel pumps. 183.524 Section 183... SAFETY BOATS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT Fuel Systems Equipment Standards § 183.524 Fuel pumps. (a) Each diaphragm pump must not leak fuel from the pump if the primary diaphragm fails. (b) Each electrically...

33 CFR 183.524 - Fuel pumps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Fuel pumps. 183.524 Section 183... SAFETY BOATS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT Fuel Systems Equipment Standards § 183.524 Fuel pumps. (a) Each diaphragm pump must not leak fuel from the pump if the primary diaphragm fails. (b) Each electrically...

33 CFR 183.524 - Fuel pumps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fuel pumps. 183.524 Section 183... SAFETY BOATS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT Fuel Systems Equipment Standards § 183.524 Fuel pumps. (a) Each diaphragm pump must not leak fuel from the pump if the primary diaphragm fails. (b) Each electrically...

49 CFR 172.336 - Identification numbers; special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... accordance with § 172.542(c). (3) On cargo tanks They contain only fuel oil The cargo tank is marked “Fuel... petroleum distillate fuel The identification number for the liquid petroleum distillate fuel having the lowest flash point is displayed. If the cargo tank also contains gasoline and alcohol fuel blends...

49 CFR 172.336 - Identification numbers; special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... fuels together with a gasoline and alcohol fuel blend containing more than ten percent ethanol, the... gasoline and alcohol fuel blend containing more than ten percent ethanol, the identification number “3475...). (3) On a cargo tank containing only fuel oil, if the cargo tank is marked “Fuel Oil” on each side and...

49 CFR 172.336 - Identification numbers; special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... fuels together with a gasoline and alcohol fuel blend containing more than ten percent ethanol, the... gasoline and alcohol fuel blend containing more than ten percent ethanol, the identification number “3475...). (3) On a cargo tank containing only fuel oil, if the cargo tank is marked “Fuel Oil” on each side and...

49 CFR 172.336 - Identification numbers; special provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... fuels together with a gasoline and alcohol fuel blend containing more than ten percent ethanol, the... gasoline and alcohol fuel blend containing more than ten percent ethanol, the identification number “3475...). (3) On a cargo tank containing only fuel oil, if the cargo tank is marked “Fuel Oil” on each side and...

40 CFR 241.3 - Standards and procedures for identification of non-hazardous secondary materials that are solid...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... identification of non-hazardous secondary materials that are solid wastes when used as fuels or ingredients in...) SOLID WASTES SOLID WASTES USED AS FUELS OR INGREDIENTS IN COMBUSTION UNITS Identification of Non-Hazardous Secondary Materials That Are Solid Wastes When Used as Fuels or Ingredients in Combustion Units...

40 CFR 79.22 - Determination of noncompliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) REGISTRATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES Additive Registration Procedures § 79.22 Determination... fuel additive has failed to submit all of the information required by § 79.21, or determines within the... which is required prior to registration of the fuel additive by any provision of subpart F of this part...

40 CFR 79.22 - Determination of noncompliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) REGISTRATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES Additive Registration Procedures § 79.22 Determination... fuel additive has failed to submit all of the information required by § 79.21, or determines within the... which is required prior to registration of the fuel additive by any provision of subpart F of this part...

40 CFR 79.22 - Determination of noncompliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) REGISTRATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES Additive Registration Procedures § 79.22 Determination... fuel additive has failed to submit all of the information required by § 79.21, or determines within the... which is required prior to registration of the fuel additive by any provision of subpart F of this part...

40 CFR 79.22 - Determination of noncompliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) REGISTRATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES Additive Registration Procedures § 79.22 Determination... fuel additive has failed to submit all of the information required by § 79.21, or determines within the... which is required prior to registration of the fuel additive by any provision of subpart F of this part...

40 CFR 79.22 - Determination of noncompliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) REGISTRATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES Additive Registration Procedures § 79.22 Determination... fuel additive has failed to submit all of the information required by § 79.21, or determines within the... which is required prior to registration of the fuel additive by any provision of subpart F of this part...

Prescribed burning in ponderosa pine: fuel reductions and redistributing fuels near boles to prevent injury

Treesearch

Robert A. Progar; Kathryn H. Hrinkevich; Edward S. Clark; Matthew J. Rinella

2017-01-01

Fire suppression and other factors have resulted in high wildfire risk in the western US, and prescribed burning can be an effective tool for thinning forests and reducing fuels to lessen wildfire risks. However, prescribed burning sometimes fails to substantially reduce fuels and sometimes damages and kills valuable, large trees. This study compared fuel reductions...

40 CFR 279.73 - Notification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... THE MANAGEMENT OF USED OIL Standards for Used Oil Fuel Marketers § 279.73 Notification. (a) Identification numbers. A used oil fuel marketer subject to the requirements of this subpart who has not... requirements and obtain an EPA identification number. (b) A marketer who has not received an EPA identification...

Integrated identification and control for nanosatellites reclaiming failed satellite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Nan; Luo, Jianjun; Ma, Weihua; Yuan, Jianping

2018-05-01

Using nanosatellites to reclaim a failed satellite needs nanosatellites to attach to its surface to take over its attitude control function. This is challenging, since parameters including the inertia matrix of the combined spacecraft and the relative attitude information of attached nanosatellites with respect to the given body-fixed frame of the failed satellite are all unknown after the attachment. Besides, if the total control capacity needs to be increased during the reclaiming process by new nanosatellites, real-time parameters updating will be necessary. For these reasons, an integrated identification and control method is proposed in this paper, which enables the real-time parameters identification and attitude takeover control to be conducted concurrently. Identification of the inertia matrix of the combined spacecraft and the relative attitude information of attached nanosatellites are both considered. To guarantee sufficient excitation for the identification of the inertia matrix, a modified identification equation is established by filtering out sample points leading to ill-conditioned identification, and the identification performance of the inertia matrix is improved. Based on the real-time estimated inertia matrix, an attitude takeover controller is designed, the stability of the controller is analysed using Lyapunov method. The commanded control torques are allocated to each nanosatellite while the control saturation constraint being satisfied using the Quadratic Programming (QP) method. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed integrated identification and control method.

77 FR 8722 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter Deutschland Model EC135 Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-15

... that in the past, the FADEC FAIL caution light illuminated on a few EC135 T1 helicopters. It states... metering unit and transmitted to the FADEC. This discrepancy led to the display of the FADEC FAIL caution... the FADEC to automatically meter fuel, indicated by a FADEC FAIL cockpit caution light, and subsequent...

76 FR 27956 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter Deutschland Model EC135 Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-13

... past, the FADEC FAIL caution light illuminated on a few EC135 T1 helicopters. They state that this was... transmitted to the FADEC. This discrepancy led to the display of the FADEC FAIL caution light and ``freezing... to automatically meter fuel, indicated by a FADEC FAIL cockpit caution light, and subsequent loss of...

Fail-safe system for activity cooled supersonic and hypersonic aircraft. [using liquid hydrogen fuel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, R. A.; Braswell, D. O.; Richie, C. B.

1975-01-01

A fail-safe-system concept was studied as an alternative to a redundant active cooling system for supersonic and hypersonic aircraft which use the heat sink of liquid-hydrogen fuel for cooling the aircraft structure. This concept consists of an abort maneuver by the aircraft and a passive thermal protection system (TPS) for the aircraft skin. The abort manuever provides a low-heat-load descent from normal cruise speed to a lower speed at which cooling is unnecessary, and the passive TPS allows the aircraft skin to absorb the abort heat load without exceeding critical skin temperature. On the basis of results obtained, it appears that this fail-safe-system concept warrants further consideration, inasmuch as a fail-safe system could possibly replace a redundant active cooling system with no increase in weight and would offer other potential advantages.

49 CFR 526.5 - Earning offsetting monetary credits in future model years.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... each planned product action (e.g., new model, mix change) which will affect the average fuel economy of... Act must contain the following information: (a) Projected average fuel economy and production levels for the class of automobiles which may fail to comply with a fuel economy standard and for any other...

Updates to Indiana fuel tax and registration revenue projections.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-09-01

Highway revenues both at the federal and state levels have failed to keep up with expected investments required for infrastructure : preservation and improvement. The reasons for this trend include the increasing fuel efficiency of vehicles, slowing ...

Design, fabrication, and operation of capsules for the irradiation testing of candidate advanced space reactor fuel pins

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thoms, K. R.

1975-01-01

Fuel irradiation experiments were designed, built, and operated to test uranium mononitride (UN) fuel clad in tungsten-lined T-111 and uranium dioxide fuel clad in both tungsten-lined T-111 and tungsten-lined Nb-1% Zr. A total of nine fuel pins was irradiated at average cladding temperatures ranging from 931 to 1015 C. The UN experiments, capsules UN-4 and -5, operated for 10,480 and 10,037 hr, respectively, at an average linear heat generation rate of 10 kW/ft. The UO2 experiment, capsule UN-6, operated for 8333 hr at an average linear heat generation rate of approximately 5 kW/ft. Following irradiation, the nine fuel pins were removed from their capsules, externally examined, and sent to the NASA Plum Brook Facility for more detailed postirradiation examination. During visual examination, it was discovered that the cladding of the fuel pin containing dense UN in each of capsules UN-4 and -5 had failed, exposing the UN fuel to the NaK in which the pins were submerged and permitting the release of fission gas from the failed pins. A rough analysis of the fission gas seen in samples of the gas in the fuel pin region indicated fission gas release-to-birth rates from these fuel pins in the range of .00001.

75 FR 31332 - Airworthiness Directives; Empresa Brasileira de Aeronautica S.A. (EMBRAER) Model EMB-120, -120ER...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-03

... correcting the fuel quantity indication system; as applicable. Compliance (f) You are responsible for having... correcting the fuel quantity indication system; as applicable. The MCAI does not provide a corrective action... unsafe condition as: It has been found that some fuel quantity probes may fail during the airplane life...

TREC-8 Experiments at Maryland: CLIR, QA and Routing

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-06-01

clothing sweatshops human smuggling Pharmaceuticals fooddrug laws mental illness drugs orphan drugs RD drug...any other provision of law , no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a...mercy killing Alternative fuels hydrogen energy hydrogen fuel automobiles hybrid fuel cars Exploited labor

High Ethanol Fuel Endurance: A Study of the Effects of Running Gasoline with 15% Ethanol Concentration in Current Production Outboard Four-Stroke Engines and Conventional Two-Stroke Outboard Marine Engines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hilbert, D.

2011-10-01

Three Mercury Marine outboard marine engines were evaluated for durability using E15 fuel -- gasoline blended with 15% ethanol. Direct comparison was made to operation on E0 (ethanol-free gasoline) to determine the effects of increased ethanol on engine durability. Testing was conducted using a 300-hour wide-open throttle (WOT) test protocol, a typical durability cycle used by the outboard marine industry. Use of E15 resulted in reduced CO emissions, as expected for open-loop, non-feedback control engines. HC emissions effects were variable. Exhaust gas and engine operating temperatures increased as a consequence of leaner operation. Each E15 test engine exhibited some deteriorationmore » that may have been related to the test fuel. The 9.9 HP, four-stroke E15 engine exhibited variable hydrocarbon emissions at 300 hours -- an indication of lean misfire. The 300HP, four-stroke, supercharged Verado engine and the 200HP, two-stroke legacy engine tested with E15 fuel failed to complete the durability test. The Verado engine failed three exhaust valves at 285 endurance hours while the 200HP legacy engine failed a main crank bearing at 256 endurance hours. All E0-dedicated engines completed the durability cycle without incident. Additional testing is necessary to link the observed engine failures to ethanol in the test fuel.« less

Fail-safe storage rack for irradiated fuel rod assemblies

DOEpatents

Lewis, D.R.

1993-03-23

A fail-safe storage rack is provided for interim storage of spent but radioactive nuclear fuel rod assemblies. The rack consists of a checkerboard array of substantially square, elongate receiving tubes fully enclosed by a double walled container, the outer wall of which is imperforate for liquid containment and the inner wall of which is provided with perforations for admitting moderator liquid flow to the elongate receiving tubes, the liquid serving to take up waste heat from the stored nuclear assemblies and dissipate same to the ambient liquid reservoir. A perforated cover sealing the rack facilitates cooling liquid entry and dissipation.

Fail-safe storage rack for irradiated fuel rod assemblies

DOEpatents

Lewis, Donald R.

1993-01-01

A fail-safe storage rack is provided for interim storage of spent but radioactive nuclear fuel rod assemblies. The rack consists of a checkerboard array of substantially square, elongate receiving tubes fully enclosed by a double walled container, the outer wall of which is imperforate for liquid containment and the inner wall of which is provided with perforations for admitting moderator liquid flow to the elongate receiving tubes, the liquid serving to take up waste heat from the stored nuclear assemblies and dissipate same to the ambient liquid reservoir. A perforated cover sealing the rack facilitates cooling liquid entry and dissipation.

Profiling refined hydrocarbon fuels using polar components

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rostad, C.E.; Hostettler, F.D.

2007-01-01

Identification of a fuel released into the environment can be difficult due to biodegradation or weathering. Negative electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry was used to screen for unique polar components in a wide variety of commercial hydrocarbon products and mixtures. These fuels produced unique and relatively simple spectra. When applied to hydrocarbon samples from a large, long-term fuel spill in a relatively cool climate in which the alkane, isoprenoid, and alkylcyclohexane portions had begun to biodegrade or weather, the polar components in these samples had changed little over time. This technique provided rapid fuel identification on hydrocarbons released into the environment, without sample preparation, fractionation, or chromatography. Copyright ?? Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Initial results from safety testing of US AGR-2 irradiation test fuel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Morris, Robert Noel; Hunn, John D.; Baldwin, Charles A.

Two cylindrical compacts containing tristructural isotropic (TRISO)-coated particles with kernels that contained a mixture of uranium carbide and uranium oxide (UCO) and two compacts with UO 2-kernel TRISO particles have undergone 1600°C safety testing. These compacts were irradiated in the US Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification Program's second irradiation test (AGR-2). The time-dependent releases of several radioisotopes ( 110mAg, 134Cs, 137Cs, 154Eu, 155Eu, 90Sr, and 85Kr) were monitored while heating the fuel specimens to 1600°C in flowing helium for 300 h. The UCO compacts behaved similarly to previously reported 1600°C-safety-tested UCO compacts from the AGR-1 irradiation. No failedmore » TRISO or failed SiC were detected (based on krypton and cesium release), and cesium release through intact SiC was very low. Release behavior of silver, europium, and strontium appeared to be dominated by inventory originally released through intact coating layers during irradiation but retained in the compact matrix until it was released during safety testing. Both UO 2 compacts exhibited cesium release from multiple particles whose SiC failed during the safety test. Europium and strontium release from these two UO 2 compacts appeared to be dominated by release from the particles with failed SiC. Silver release was characteristically like the release from the UCO compacts in that an initial release of the majority of silver trapped in the matrix occurred during ramping to 1600°C. However, additional silver release was observed later in the safety testing due to the UO 2 TRISO with failed SiC. Failure of the SiC layer in the UO 2 fuel appears to have been dominated by CO corrosion, as opposed to the palladium degradation observed in AGR-1 UCO fuel.« less

Initial results from safety testing of US AGR-2 irradiation test fuel

DOE PAGES

Morris, Robert Noel; Hunn, John D.; Baldwin, Charles A.; ...

2017-08-18

Two cylindrical compacts containing tristructural isotropic (TRISO)-coated particles with kernels that contained a mixture of uranium carbide and uranium oxide (UCO) and two compacts with UO 2-kernel TRISO particles have undergone 1600°C safety testing. These compacts were irradiated in the US Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification Program's second irradiation test (AGR-2). The time-dependent releases of several radioisotopes ( 110mAg, 134Cs, 137Cs, 154Eu, 155Eu, 90Sr, and 85Kr) were monitored while heating the fuel specimens to 1600°C in flowing helium for 300 h. The UCO compacts behaved similarly to previously reported 1600°C-safety-tested UCO compacts from the AGR-1 irradiation. No failedmore » TRISO or failed SiC were detected (based on krypton and cesium release), and cesium release through intact SiC was very low. Release behavior of silver, europium, and strontium appeared to be dominated by inventory originally released through intact coating layers during irradiation but retained in the compact matrix until it was released during safety testing. Both UO 2 compacts exhibited cesium release from multiple particles whose SiC failed during the safety test. Europium and strontium release from these two UO 2 compacts appeared to be dominated by release from the particles with failed SiC. Silver release was characteristically like the release from the UCO compacts in that an initial release of the majority of silver trapped in the matrix occurred during ramping to 1600°C. However, additional silver release was observed later in the safety testing due to the UO 2 TRISO with failed SiC. Failure of the SiC layer in the UO 2 fuel appears to have been dominated by CO corrosion, as opposed to the palladium degradation observed in AGR-1 UCO fuel.« less

Test Plan for Cask Identification Detector

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rauch, Eric Benton

2016-09-29

This document serves to outline the testing of a Used Fuel Cask Identification Detector (CID) currently being designed under the DOE-NE MPACT Campaign. A bench-scale prototype detector will be constructed and tested using surrogate neutron sources. The testing will serve to inform the design of the full detector that is to be used as a way of fingerprinting used fuel storage casks based on the neutron signature produced by the used fuel inside the cask.

Data Compilation for AGR-3/4 Designed-to-Fail (DTF) Fuel Particle Batch LEU04-02DTF

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hunn, John D; Miller, James Henry

2008-10-01

This document is a compilation of coating and characterization data for the AGR-3/4 designed-to-fail (DTF) particles. The DTF coating is a high density, high anisotropy pyrocarbon coating of nominal 20 {micro}m thickness that is deposited directly on the kernel. The purpose of this coating is to fail early in the irradiation, resulting in a controlled release of fission products which can be analyzed to provide data on fission product transport. A small number of DTF particles will be included with standard TRISO driver fuel particles in the AGR-3 and AGR-4 compacts. The ORNL Coated Particle Fuel Development Laboratory 50-mm diametermore » fluidized bed coater was used to coat the DTF particles. The coatings were produced using procedures and process parameters that were developed in an earlier phase of the project as documented in 'Summary Report on the Development of Procedures for the Fabrication of AGR-3/4 Design-to-Fail Particles', ORNL/TM-2008/161. Two coating runs were conducted using the approved coating parameters. NUCO425-06DTF was a final process qualification batch using natural enrichment uranium carbide/uranium oxide (UCO) kernels. After the qualification run, LEU04-02DTF was produced using low enriched UCO kernels. Both runs were inspected and determined to meet the specifications for DTF particles in section 5 of the AGR-3 & 4 Fuel Product Specification (EDF-6638, Rev.1). Table 1 provides a summary of key properties of the DTF layer. For comparison purposes, an archive sample of DTF particles produced by General Atomics was characterized using identical methods. This data is also summarized in Table 1.« less

The Influence of Big (Clinical) Data and Genomics on Precision Medicine and Drug Development.

PubMed

Denny, Joshua C; Van Driest, Sara L; Wei, Wei-Qi; Roden, Dan M

2018-03-01

Drug development continues to be costly and slow, with medications failing due to lack of efficacy or presence of toxicity. The promise of pharmacogenomic discovery includes tailoring therapeutics based on an individual's genetic makeup, rational drug development, and repurposing medications. Rapid growth of large research cohorts, linked to electronic health record (EHR) data, fuels discovery of new genetic variants predicting drug action, supports Mendelian randomization experiments to show drug efficacy, and suggests new indications for existing medications. New biomedical informatics and machine-learning approaches advance the ability to interpret clinical information, enabling identification of complex phenotypes and subpopulations of patients. We review the recent history of use of "big data" from EHR-based cohorts and biobanks supporting these activities. Future studies using EHR data, other information sources, and new methods will promote a foundation for discovery to more rapidly advance precision medicine. © 2017 American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.

Used Fuel Cask Identification through Neutron Profile

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rauch, Eric Benton

2015-11-20

Currently, most spent fuel is stored near reactors. An interim consolidated fuel storage facility would receive fuel from multiple sites and store it in casks on site for decades. For successful operation of such a facility there is need for a way to restore continuity of knowledge if lost as well as a method that will indicate state of fuel inside the cask. Used nuclear fuel is identifiable by its radiation emission, both gamma and neutron. Neutron emission from fission products, multiplication from remaining fissile material, and the unique distribution of both in each cask produce a unique neutron signature.more » If two signatures taken at different times do not match, either changes within the fuel content or misidentification of a cask occurred. It was found that identification of cask loadings works well through the profile of emitted neutrons in simulated real casks. Even casks with similar overall neutron emission or average counts around the circumference can be distinguished from each other by analyzing the profile. In conclusion, (1) identification of unaltered casks through neutron signature profile is viable; (2) collecting the profile provides insight to the condition and intactness of the fuel stored inside the cask; and (3) the signature profile is stable over time.« less

78 FR 21230 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-10

... Failed Post-Modification Operational Test After accomplishment of the modification specified in paragraph... of the GFI or deactivation of the associated fuel pump following failure of any post-modification operational test of the GFI. We are issuing this AD to prevent the potential of ignition sources inside fuel...

8 CFR 1292.1 - Representation of others.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... photo identification. The Director or his designee may administratively suspend from practice before the...), or who, after having provided that information, fails to present photo identification or comply with...

Fission Product Appearance Rate Coefficients in Design Basis Source Term Determinations - Past and Present

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perez, Pedro B.; Hamawi, John N.

2017-09-01

Nuclear power plant radiation protection design features are based on radionuclide source terms derived from conservative assumptions that envelope expected operating experience. Two parameters that significantly affect the radionuclide concentrations in the source term are failed fuel fraction and effective fission product appearance rate coefficients. Failed fuel fraction may be a regulatory based assumption such as in the U.S. Appearance rate coefficients are not specified in regulatory requirements, but have been referenced to experimental data that is over 50 years old. No doubt the source terms are conservative as demonstrated by operating experience that has included failed fuel, but it may be too conservative leading to over-designed shielding for normal operations as an example. Design basis source term methodologies for normal operations had not advanced until EPRI published in 2015 an updated ANSI/ANS 18.1 source term basis document. Our paper revisits the fission product appearance rate coefficients as applied in the derivation source terms following the original U.S. NRC NUREG-0017 methodology. New coefficients have been calculated based on recent EPRI results which demonstrate the conservatism in nuclear power plant shielding design.

40 CFR 86.1439 - Certification Short Test emission test procedures-EPA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) Emission Regulations for New Gasoline-Fueled Otto-Cycle Light-Duty Vehicles and New Gasoline-Fueled Otto-Cycle Light-Duty Trucks; Certification Short Test Procedures § 86.1439 Certification Short... seconds (mt=30), whichever comes second. (B) The vehicle fails the idle mode and the test is immediately...

40 CFR 86.1439 - Certification Short Test emission test procedures-EPA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) Emission Regulations for New Gasoline-Fueled Otto-Cycle Light-Duty Vehicles and New Gasoline-Fueled Otto-Cycle Light-Duty Trucks; Certification Short Test Procedures § 86.1439 Certification Short... seconds (mt=30), whichever comes second. (B) The vehicle fails the idle mode and the test is immediately...

Durability of Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs) in PEM Fuel Cells Operated on Pure Hydrogen and Oxygen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stanic, Vesna; Braun, James; Hoberecht, Mark

2003-01-01

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are energy sources that have the potential to replace alkaline fuel cells for space programs. Broad power ranges, high peak-to-nominal power capabilities, low maintenance costs, and the promise of increased life are the major advantages of PEM technology in comparison to alkaline technology. The probability of PEM fuel cells replacing alkaline fuel cells for space applications will increase if the promise of increased life is verified by achieving a minimum of 10,000 hours of operating life. Durability plays an important role in the process of evaluation and selection of MEAs for Teledyne s Phase I contract with the NASA Glenn Research Center entitled Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel cell (PEMFC) Power Plant Technology Development for 2nd Generation Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLVs). For this contract, MEAs that are typically used for H2/air operation were selected as potential candidates for H2/O2 PEM fuel cells because their catalysts have properties suitable for O2 operation. They were purchased from several well-established MEA manufacturers who are world leaders in the manufacturing of diverse products and have committed extensive resources in an attempt to develop and fully commercialize MEA technology. A total of twelve MEAs used in H2/air operation were initially identified from these manufacturers. Based on the manufacturers specifications, nine of these were selected for evaluation. Since 10,000 hours is almost equivalent to 14 months, it was not possible to perform continuous testing with each MEA selected during Phase I of the contract. Because of the lack of time, a screening test on each MEA was performed for 400 hours under accelerated test conditions. The major criterion for an MEA pass or fail of the screening test was the gas crossover rate. If the gas crossover rate was higher than the membrane intrinsic permeability after 400 hours of testing, it was considered that the MEA had failed the test. Three types of MEAs out of the nine total membranes failed the test. The evaluation results showed that fuel cell operating conditions (current, pressure, stoichiometric flow rates) were the parameters that influenced the durability of MEAs. In addition, the durability test results indicated that the type of membrane was also an important parameter for MEA durability. At accelerated test conditions, the MEAs with casted membranes failed during the 400 hour test. However, the MEAs prepared from the casted membrane with support as well as extruded membranes, both passed the 400h durability test at accelerated operating test conditions. As a result of the MEA accelerated durability tests, four MEAs were selected for further endurance testing. These tests are being carried out with four-cell stacks under nominal fuel cell operating conditions.

40 CFR 79.33 - Motor vehicle diesel fuel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) REGISTRATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES Designation of Fuels and Additives § 79.33 Motor vehicle...: (1) Mechanisms of action of each additive he reports; (2) Reactions between such additives and motor vehicle diesel fuel; (3) Identification and measurement of the emission products of such additives when...

40 CFR 79.33 - Motor vehicle diesel fuel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) REGISTRATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES Designation of Fuels and Additives § 79.33 Motor vehicle...: (1) Mechanisms of action of each additive he reports; (2) Reactions between such additives and motor vehicle diesel fuel; (3) Identification and measurement of the emission products of such additives when...

40 CFR 79.33 - Motor vehicle diesel fuel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) REGISTRATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES Designation of Fuels and Additives § 79.33 Motor vehicle...: (1) Mechanisms of action of each additive he reports; (2) Reactions between such additives and motor vehicle diesel fuel; (3) Identification and measurement of the emission products of such additives when...

40 CFR 79.33 - Motor vehicle diesel fuel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) REGISTRATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES Designation of Fuels and Additives § 79.33 Motor vehicle...: (1) Mechanisms of action of each additive he reports; (2) Reactions between such additives and motor vehicle diesel fuel; (3) Identification and measurement of the emission products of such additives when...

Apparatus for mixing fuel in a gas turbine nozzle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barker, Carl Robert

A fuel nozzle in a combustion turbine engine that includes: a fuel plenum defined between an circumferentially extending shroud and axially by a forward tube-sheet and an aft tube-sheet; and a mixing-tube that extends across the fuel plenum that defines a passageway connecting an inlet formed through the forward tube-sheet and an outlet formed through the aft tube-sheet, the mixing-tube comprising one or more fuel ports that fluidly communicate with the fuel plenum. The mixing-tube may include grooves on an outer surface, and be attached to the forward tube-sheet by a connection having a fail-safe leakage path.

40 CFR 241.3 - Standards and procedures for identification of non-hazardous secondary materials that are solid...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... combustion units. 241.3 Section 241.3 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES SOLID WASTES USED AS FUELS OR INGREDIENTS IN COMBUSTION UNITS Identification of Non-Hazardous Secondary Materials That Are Solid Wastes When Used as Fuels or Ingredients in Combustion Units...

40 CFR 241.3 - Standards and procedures for identification of non-hazardous secondary materials that are solid...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... combustion units. 241.3 Section 241.3 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES SOLID WASTES USED AS FUELS OR INGREDIENTS IN COMBUSTION UNITS Identification of Non-Hazardous Secondary Materials That Are Solid Wastes When Used as Fuels or Ingredients in Combustion Units...

40 CFR 241.3 - Standards and procedures for identification of non-hazardous secondary materials that are solid...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... combustion units. 241.3 Section 241.3 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES SOLID WASTES USED AS FUELS OR INGREDIENTS IN COMBUSTION UNITS Identification of Non-Hazardous Secondary Materials That Are Solid Wastes When Used as Fuels or Ingredients in Combustion Units...

Study of fail-safe abort system for an actively cooled hypersonic aircraft, volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peeples, M. E.; Herring, R. L.

1976-01-01

Conceptual designs of a fail-safe abort system for hydrogen fueled actively cooled high speed aircraft are examined. The fail-safe concept depends on basically three factors: (1) a reliable method of detecting a failure or malfunction in the active cooling system, (2) the optimization of abort trajectories which minimize the descent heat load to the aircraft, and (3) fail-safe thermostructural concepts to minimize both the weight and the maximum temperature the structure will reach during descent. These factors are examined and promising approaches are evaluated based on weight, reliability, ease of manufacture and cost.

Identification and Discrimination of Brands of Fuels by Gas Chromatography and Neural Networks Algorithm in Forensic Research

PubMed Central

Ugena, L.; Moncayo, S.; Manzoor, S.; Rosales, D.

2016-01-01

The detection of adulteration of fuels and its use in criminal scenes like arson has a high interest in forensic investigations. In this work, a method based on gas chromatography (GC) and neural networks (NN) has been developed and applied to the identification and discrimination of brands of fuels such as gasoline and diesel without the necessity to determine the composition of the samples. The study included five main brands of fuels from Spain, collected from fifteen different local petrol stations. The methodology allowed the identification of the gasoline and diesel brands with a high accuracy close to 100%, without any false positives or false negatives. A success rate of three blind samples was obtained as 73.3%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of this methodology to help in resolving criminal situations. PMID:27375919

9 CFR 310.23 - Identification of carcasses and parts of swine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... of swine. 310.23 Section 310.23 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE... and parts of swine. (a) The identification of the carcasses and parts of swine identified in... throughout post-mortem inspection. (b) If the establishment fails to provide required swine identification...

9 CFR 310.23 - Identification of carcasses and parts of swine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... of swine. 310.23 Section 310.23 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE... and parts of swine. (a) The identification of the carcasses and parts of swine identified in... throughout post-mortem inspection. (b) If the establishment fails to provide required swine identification...

9 CFR 310.23 - Identification of carcasses and parts of swine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... of swine. 310.23 Section 310.23 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE... and parts of swine. (a) The identification of the carcasses and parts of swine identified in... throughout post-mortem inspection. (b) If the establishment fails to provide required swine identification...

9 CFR 310.23 - Identification of carcasses and parts of swine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... of swine. 310.23 Section 310.23 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE... and parts of swine. (a) The identification of the carcasses and parts of swine identified in... throughout post-mortem inspection. (b) If the establishment fails to provide required swine identification...

Identification of a Methane Oxidation Intermediate on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Surfaces with Fourier Transform Infrared Emission.

PubMed

Pomfret, Michael B; Steinhurst, Daniel A; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C

2013-04-18

Fuel interactions on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes are studied with in situ Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy (FTIRES). SOFCs are operated at 800 °C with CH4 as a representative hydrocarbon fuel. IR signatures of gas-phase oxidation products, CO2(g) and CO(g), are observed while cells are under load. A broad feature at 2295 cm(-1) is assigned to CO2 adsorbed on Ni as a CH4 oxidation intermediate during cell operation and while carbon deposits are electrochemically oxidized after CH4 operation. Electrochemical control provides confirmation of the assignment of adsorbed CO2. FTIRES has been demonstrated as a viable technique for the identification of fuel oxidation intermediates and products in working SOFCs, allowing for the elucidation of the mechanisms of fuel chemistry.

Detection and analysis of particles with failed SiC in AGR-1 fuel compacts

DOE PAGES

Hunn, John D.; Baldwin, Charles A.; Gerczak, Tyler J.; ...

2016-04-06

As the primary barrier to release of radioactive isotopes emitted from the fuel kernel, retention performance of the SiC layer in tristructural isotropic (TRISO) coated particles is critical to the overall safety of reactors that utilize this fuel design. Most isotopes are well-retained by intact SiC coatings, so pathways through this layer due to cracking, structural defects, or chemical attack can significantly contribute to radioisotope release. In the US TRISO fuel development effort, release of 134Cs and 137Cs are used to detect SiC failure during fuel compact irradiation and safety testing because the amount of cesium released by a compactmore » containing one particle with failed SiC is typically ten or more times higher than that released by compacts without failed SiC. Compacts with particles that released cesium during irradiation testing or post-irradiation safety testing at 1600–1800 °C were identified, and individual particles with abnormally low cesium retention were sorted out with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Irradiated Microsphere Gamma Analyzer (IMGA). X-ray tomography was used for three-dimensional imaging of the internal coating structure to locate low-density pathways through the SiC layer and guide subsequent materialography by optical and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, all three cesium-releasing particles recovered from as-irradiated compacts showed a region where the inner pyrocarbon (IPyC) had cracked due to radiation-induced dimensional changes in the shrinking buffer and the exposed SiC had experienced concentrated attack by palladium; SiC failures observed in particles subjected to safety testing were related to either fabrication defects or showed extensive Pd corrosion through the SiC where it had been exposed by similar IPyC cracking.« less

Fuel Cell Vehicle Fleet and Hydrogen Infrastructure at Hickam Air Force Base

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-27

there has been no evidence of busbar or endplate corrosion in the manifold region. The crossover leak was the result of a failed humidification device...leak that develops within the humidifier can lead to a combustible gas mixture entering the fuel cell stack. This humidification device has been

Radiolytic and Thermal Processes Relevant to Dry Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuels

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marschman, Steven C.; Madey,Theodore E.; Haustein, Peter E.

2000-06-01

The purpose of this project is to deliver pertinent information that can be used to make rational decisions about the safety and treatment issues associated with dry storage of spent nuclear fuel materials. In particular, we will establish an understanding of: (1) water interactions with failed-fuel rods and metal-oxide materials; (2) the role of thermal processes and radiolysis (solid-state and interfacial) in the generation of potentially explosive mixtures of gaseous H2 and O2; and (3) the potential role of radiation-assisted corrosion during fuel rod storage.

Accelerating Chronically Unresponsive Children to Tier 3 Instruction: What Level of Data Is Necessary to Ensure Selection Accuracy?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Compton, Donald L.; Gilbert, Jennifer K.; Jenkins, Joseph R.; Fuchs, Douglas; Fuchs, Lynn S.; Cho, Eunsoo; Barquero, Laura A.; Bouton, Bobette

2012-01-01

Response-to-intervention (RTI) approaches to disability identification are meant to put an end to the so-called wait-to-fail requirement associated with IQ discrepancy. However, in an unfortunate irony, there is a group of children who wait to fail in RTI frameworks. That is, they must fail both general classroom instruction (Tier 1) and…

Posttest examination results of recent treat tests on metal fuel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Holland, J.W.; Wright, A.E.; Bauer, T.H.

A series of in-reactor transient tests is underway to study the characteristics of metal-alloy fuel during transient-overpower-without-scam conditions. The initial tests focused on determining the margin to cladding breach and the axial fuel motions that would mitigate the power excursion. The tests were conducted in flowing-sodium loops with uranium - 5% fissium EBR-II Mark-II driver fuel elements in the TREAT facility. Posttest examination of the tests evaluated fuel elongation in intact pins and postfailure fuel motion. Microscopic examination of the intact pins studied the nature and extent of fuel/cladding interaction, fuel melt fraction and mass distribution, and distribution of porosity.more » Eutectic penetration and failure of the cladding were also examined in the failed pins.« less

77 FR 462 - Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: Identification of Additional Qualifying Renewable Fuel...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-05

... included in Table 1 for renewable diesel. Energy grasses: Based on our comparison of switchgrass and the..., representing at most a 6% change in the energy grass lifecycle impacts in comparison to the petroleum fuel... conversion of previously unfarmed land in other countries into cropland for energy grass-based renewable fuel...

26 CFR 1.475(b)-2 - Exemptions-identification requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... requirements. (a) Identification of the basis for exemption. An identification of a security as exempt from mark to market does not satisfy section 475(b)(2) if it fails to state whether the security is described in— (1) Either of the first two subparagraphs of section 475(b)(1) (identifying a security as held...

How Systems Engineering and Risk Management Defend Against Murphy's Law and Human Error

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bay, Michael; Connley, Warren

2004-01-01

Systems Engineering and Risk Management processes can work synergistically to defend against the causes of many mission ending failures. Defending against mission ending failures is facilitated by fostering a team that has a healthy respect for Murphy's Law and a team with a of curiosity for how things work, how they can fail, and what they need to know. This curiosity is channeled into making the unknowns known or what is uncertain more certain. Efforts to assure mission success require the expenditure of energy in the following areas: 1. Understanding what defines Mission Success as guided by the customer's needs, objectives and constraints. 2. Understanding how the system is supposed to work and how the system is to be produced, fueled by the curiosity of how the system should work and how it should be produced. 3. Understanding how the system can fail and how the system might not be produced on time and within cost, fueled by the curiosity of how the system might fail and how production might be difficult. 4. Understanding what we need to know and what we need learn for proper completion of the above three items, fueled by the curiosity of what we might not know in order to make the best decisions.

Study of a fail-safe abort system for an actively cooled hypersonic aircraft. Volume 1: Technical summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pirello, C. J.; Herring, R. L.

1976-01-01

Conceptual designs of a fail-safe abort system for hydrogen fueled actively cooled high speed aircraft are examined. The fail-safe concept depends on basically three factors: (1) a reliable method of detecting a failure or malfunction in the active cooling system, (2) the optimization of abort trajectories which minimize the descent heat load to the aircraft, and (3) fail-safe thermostructural concepts to minimize both the weight and the maximum temperature the structure will reach during descent. These factors are examined and promising approaches are evaluated based on weight, reliability, ease of manufacture and cost.

49 CFR 526.5 - Earning offsetting monetary credits in future model years.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... UNDER THE AUTOMOBILE FUEL EFFICIENCY ACT OF 1980 § 526.5 Earning offsetting monetary credits in future... for the class of automobiles which may fail to comply with a fuel economy standard and for any other classes of automobiles from which credits may be transferred, for the current model year and for each...

49 CFR 526.5 - Earning offsetting monetary credits in future model years.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... UNDER THE AUTOMOBILE FUEL EFFICIENCY ACT OF 1980 § 526.5 Earning offsetting monetary credits in future... for the class of automobiles which may fail to comply with a fuel economy standard and for any other classes of automobiles from which credits may be transferred, for the current model year and for each...

49 CFR 526.5 - Earning offsetting monetary credits in future model years.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... UNDER THE AUTOMOBILE FUEL EFFICIENCY ACT OF 1980 § 526.5 Earning offsetting monetary credits in future... for the class of automobiles which may fail to comply with a fuel economy standard and for any other classes of automobiles from which credits may be transferred, for the current model year and for each...

49 CFR 526.5 - Earning offsetting monetary credits in future model years.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... UNDER THE AUTOMOBILE FUEL EFFICIENCY ACT OF 1980 § 526.5 Earning offsetting monetary credits in future... for the class of automobiles which may fail to comply with a fuel economy standard and for any other classes of automobiles from which credits may be transferred, for the current model year and for each...

Mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation in the failing heart

PubMed Central

Horton, Julie L.; Martin, Ola J.; Lai, Ling; Richards, Alicia L.; Vega, Rick B.; Leone, Teresa C.; Pagliarini, David J.; Muoio, Deborah M.; Bedi, Kenneth C.; Coon, Joshua J.

2016-01-01

Myocardial fuel and energy metabolic derangements contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure. Recent evidence implicates posttranslational mechanisms in the energy metabolic disturbances that contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure. We hypothesized that accumulation of metabolite intermediates of fuel oxidation pathways drives posttranslational modifications of mitochondrial proteins during the development of heart failure. Myocardial acetylproteomics demonstrated extensive mitochondrial protein lysine hyperacetylation in the early stages of heart failure in well-defined mouse models and the in end-stage failing human heart. To determine the functional impact of increased mitochondrial protein acetylation, we focused on succinate dehydrogenase A (SDHA), a critical component of both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory complex II. An acetyl-mimetic mutation targeting an SDHA lysine residue shown to be hyperacetylated in the failing human heart reduced catalytic function and reduced complex II–driven respiration. These results identify alterations in mitochondrial acetyl-CoA homeostasis as a potential driver of the development of energy metabolic derangements that contribute to heart failure. PMID:26998524

Mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation in the failing heart.

PubMed

Horton, Julie L; Martin, Ola J; Lai, Ling; Riley, Nicholas M; Richards, Alicia L; Vega, Rick B; Leone, Teresa C; Pagliarini, David J; Muoio, Deborah M; Bedi, Kenneth C; Margulies, Kenneth B; Coon, Joshua J; Kelly, Daniel P

2016-02-01

Myocardial fuel and energy metabolic derangements contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure. Recent evidence implicates posttranslational mechanisms in the energy metabolic disturbances that contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure. We hypothesized that accumulation of metabolite intermediates of fuel oxidation pathways drives posttranslational modifications of mitochondrial proteins during the development of heart failure. Myocardial acetylproteomics demonstrated extensive mitochondrial protein lysine hyperacetylation in the early stages of heart failure in well-defined mouse models and the in end-stage failing human heart. To determine the functional impact of increased mitochondrial protein acetylation, we focused on succinate dehydrogenase A (SDHA), a critical component of both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory complex II. An acetyl-mimetic mutation targeting an SDHA lysine residue shown to be hyperacetylated in the failing human heart reduced catalytic function and reduced complex II-driven respiration. These results identify alterations in mitochondrial acetyl-CoA homeostasis as a potential driver of the development of energy metabolic derangements that contribute to heart failure.

Alternative Fuels for use in DoD/Army Tactical Ground Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-03

Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response...for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1 . REPORT DATE 03 FEB 2011 2...and approval of new fuels • What has been done so far – some examples – TRL 1 -4: Fuel properties – TRL 5-6: Component / engine evaluations – TRL 7-8

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Jy-An John; Wang, Hong; Jiang, Hao

The objective of this project is to perform a systematic study of SNF/UNF (spent nuclear fuel/or used nuclear fuel) integrity under simulated transportation environments by using hot cell testing technology developed recently at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), CIRFT (Cyclic Integrated Reversible-Bending Fatigue Tester). Under Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) sponsorship, ORNL completed four benchmarking tests, four static tests, and twelve dynamic or cycle tests on H. B. Robinson (HBR) high burn-up (HBU) fuel. With support from the US Department of Energy and the NRC, CIRFT testing has been continued. The CIRFT testing was conducted on three HBR rods (R3, R4,more » and R5), with two specimens failed and one specimen un-failed. The total number of cycles in the test of un-failed specimens went over 2.23 107; the test was stopped as because the specimen did not show any sign of failure. The data analysis on all the HBR SNF rods demonstrated that it is necessary to characterize the fatigue life of used fuel rods in terms of both the curvature amplitude and the maximum of absolute of curvature extremes. The latter is significant because the maxima of extremes signify the maximum of tensile stress of the outer fiber of the bending rod. So far, a large variety of hydrogen contents has been covered in the CIRFT testing on HBR rods. It has been shown that the load amplitude is the dominant factor that controls the lifetime of bending rods, but the hydrogen content also has an important effect on the lifetime attained, according to the load range tested.« less

75 FR 59622 - Supplemental Determination for Renewable Fuels Produced Under the Final RFS2 Program From Canola Oil

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-28

... also finalizes our regulatory determination that canola oil biodiesel meets the biomass-based diesel... biodiesel fuel to generate biomass-based diesel Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs), providing that the fuel meets other definitional criteria for renewable fuel (e.g., produced from renewable biomass as...

40 CFR 80.1425 - Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... follows: (1) D has the value of 3 to denote fuel categorized as cellulosic biofuel. (2) D has the value of... categorized as advanced biofuel. (4) D has the value of 6 to denote fuel categorized as renewable fuel. (5) D...

40 CFR 80.1425 - Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... follows: (1) D has the value of 3 to denote fuel categorized as cellulosic biofuel. (2) D has the value of... categorized as advanced biofuel. (4) D has the value of 6 to denote fuel categorized as renewable fuel. (5) D...

40 CFR 80.1425 - Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... follows: (1) D has the value of 3 to denote fuel categorized as cellulosic biofuel. (2) D has the value of... categorized as advanced biofuel. (4) D has the value of 6 to denote fuel categorized as renewable fuel. (5) D...

40 CFR 80.1425 - Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... follows: (1) D has the value of 3 to denote fuel categorized as cellulosic biofuel. (2) D has the value of... categorized as advanced biofuel. (4) D has the value of 6 to denote fuel categorized as renewable fuel. (5) D...

40 CFR 80.1425 - Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... follows: (1) D has the value of 3 to denote fuel categorized as cellulosic biofuel. (2) D has the value of... categorized as advanced biofuel. (4) D has the value of 6 to denote fuel categorized as renewable fuel. (5) D...

75 FR 68728 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, Inc. Model CL-215-1A10 (CL-215), CL-215-6B11 (CL-215T...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-09

... structure in the potential line of trajectory of a failed screw cap/end cap for each accumulator has been..., potentially resulting in fuel spillage, uncommanded flap movement, or loss of aileron control [and consequent... and structure in the potential line of trajectory of a failed screw cap/end cap for each accumulator...

FEDAL SYSTEM OPERATION DURING STATION START-UP. Test Results (T-643734). Core I, Seed 2. Section I

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

An investigation was conducted to determine if any failed blanket fuel elements exist in core locations previously found to have high levels of delayed neutron emitter activity. Data from Fedal System monitors indicate that J5 may have a failed blanket element, there is no evidence of failure at core location F7. (J.R.D.)

Improved Quick Disconnect (QD) Interface Through Fail Safe Parts Identification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blanch-Payne, Evelyn

2001-01-01

An extensive review of existing Quick Disconnects (QDs) mating and demating operations was performed to determine which shuttle part interface identifications and procedures contribute to human factor errors. The research methods used consisted of interviews with engineers and technicians, examination of incident reports, critiques of video and audio tapes of QD operations, and attendance of a Hyper QD operational course. The data strongly suggests that there are inherit human factor errors involved in QD operations. To promote fail-safe operations, QD interface problem areas and recommendations were outlined and reviewed. It is suggested that dialogue, investigations and recommendations continue.

Autonomous Component Health Management with Failed Component Detection, Identification, and Avoidance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, Robert N.; Polites, Michael E.; Trevino, Luis C.

2004-01-01

This paper details a novel scheme for autonomous component health management (ACHM) with failed actuator detection and failed sensor detection, identification, and avoidance. This new scheme has features that far exceed the performance of systems with triple-redundant sensing and voting, yet requires fewer sensors and could be applied to any system with redundant sensing. Relevant background to the ACHM scheme is provided, and the simulation results for the application of that scheme to a single-axis spacecraft attitude control system with a 3rd order plant and dual-redundant measurement of system states are presented. ACHM fulfills key functions needed by an integrated vehicle health monitoring (IVHM) system. It is: autonomous; adaptive; works in realtime; provides optimal state estimation; identifies failed components; avoids failed components; reconfigures for multiple failures; reconfigures for intermittent failures; works for hard-over, soft, and zero-output failures; and works for both open- and closed-loop systems. The ACHM scheme combines a prefilter that generates preliminary state estimates, detects and identifies failed sensors and actuators, and avoids the use of failed sensors in state estimation with a fixed-gain Kalman filter that generates optimal state estimates and provides model-based state estimates that comprise an integral part of the failure detection logic. The results show that ACHM successfully isolates multiple persistent and intermittent hard-over, soft, and zero-output failures. It is now ready to be tested on a computer model of an actual system.

Strategic and tactical fuel treatment evaluation tools

Treesearch

Ken Skog

2007-01-01

Strategic identification and local placement of fuel treatments are significant regional and local forest management problems addressed by two tools developed by Forest Service Research and Development.

Modelling the radiolytic corrosion of α-doped UO2 and spent nuclear fuel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Nazhen; Qin, Zack; Noël, James J.; Shoesmith, David W.

2017-10-01

A model previously developed to predict the corrosion rate of spent fuel (UO2) inside a failed waste container has been adapted to simulate the rates measured on a wide range of α-doped UO2 and spent fuel specimens. This simulation confirms the validity of the model and demonstrates that the steady-state corrosion rate is controlled by the radiolytic production of H2O2 (which has been shown to be the primary oxidant driving fuel corrosion), irrespective of the reactivity of the UO2 matrix. The model was then used to determine the consequences of corrosion inside a failed container resealed by steel corrosion products. The possible accumulation of O2, produced by H2O2 decomposition, was found to accelerate the corrosion rate in a closed system. However, the simultaneous accumulation of radiolytic H2, which is activated as a reductant on the noble metal (ε) particles in the spent fuel, rapidly overcame this acceleration leading to the eventual suppression of the corrosion rate to insignificant values. Calculations also showed that, while the radiation dose rate, the H2O2 decomposition ratio, and the surface coverage of ε particles all influenced the short term corrosion rate, the influence of the radiolytically produced H2 was the overwhelming influence in reducing the rate to negligible level (i.e., <10-20 mol m-2 s-1).

A geometric approach to failure detection and identification in linear systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Massoumnia, M. A.

1986-01-01

Using concepts of (C,A)-invariant and unobservability (complementary observability) subspaces, a geometric formulation of the failure detection and identification filter problem is stated. Using these geometric concepts, it is shown that it is possible to design a causal linear time-invariant processor that can be used to detect and uniquely identify a component failure in a linear time-invariant system, assuming: (1) The components can fail simultaneously, and (2) The components can fail only one at a time. In addition, a geometric formulation of Beard's failure detection filter problem is stated. This new formulation completely clarifies of output separability and mutual detectability introduced by Beard and also exploits the dual relationship between a restricted version of the failure detection and identification problem and the control decoupling problem. Moreover, the frequency domain interpretation of the results is used to relate the concepts of failure sensitive observers with the generalized parity relations introduced by Chow. This interpretation unifies the various failure detection and identification concepts and design procedures.

40 CFR 52.536 - Original identification of plan section.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Florida Department of Pollution Control. (15) Revised limits on sulfur dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel... specific Fossil Fuel Steam Generators, submitted on November 6, 1978, and February 3, 1979, by the Florida..., fossil fuel steam generators-visible emissions, submitted on October 19, 1979; revision describing...

40 CFR 52.536 - Original identification of plan section.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Florida Department of Pollution Control. (15) Revised limits on sulfur dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel... specific Fossil Fuel Steam Generators, submitted on November 6, 1978, and February 3, 1979, by the Florida..., fossil fuel steam generators-visible emissions, submitted on October 19, 1979; revision describing...

40 CFR 52.536 - Original identification of plan section.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Florida Department of Pollution Control. (15) Revised limits on sulfur dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel... specific Fossil Fuel Steam Generators, submitted on November 6, 1978, and February 3, 1979, by the Florida..., fossil fuel steam generators-visible emissions, submitted on October 19, 1979; revision describing...

40 CFR 52.536 - Original identification of plan section.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Florida Department of Pollution Control. (15) Revised limits on sulfur dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel... specific Fossil Fuel Steam Generators, submitted on November 6, 1978, and February 3, 1979, by the Florida..., fossil fuel steam generators-visible emissions, submitted on October 19, 1979; revision describing...

27 CFR 19.724 - Records of redistillation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., a proprietor must record in a separate record the following information for spirits and fuel alcohol received at the alcohol fuel plant for redistillation: (1) Date of receipt; (2) Identification as spirits or fuel alcohol; (3) Quantity received; (4) From whom received; (5) Reason for redistillation; (6...

Modeling forest planning trade-offs on the Colorado Front Range using MAGIS, an optimization, spatial decision support system

Treesearch

Edward B. Butler

2005-01-01

The fires of 2000 and 2002 catalyzed a national mandate for fuel treatment programs to facilitate wildfire mitigation, yet the issues that need to be considered when planning large landscape projects are daunting, often ending in gridlock due to planning conflicts. Hazardous fuels maps help little when planning for integrated, system-wide ecological objectives and fail...

Expert system for identification of simultaneous and sequential reactor fuel failures with gas tagging

DOEpatents

Gross, Kenny C.

1994-01-01

Failure of a fuel element in a nuclear reactor core is determined by a gas tagging failure detection system and method. Failures are catalogued and characterized after the event so that samples of the reactor's cover gas are taken at regular intervals and analyzed by mass spectroscopy. Employing a first set of systematic heuristic rules which are applied in a transformed node space allows the number of node combinations which must be processed within a barycentric algorithm to be substantially reduced. A second set of heuristic rules treats the tag nodes of the most recent one or two leakers as "background" gases, further reducing the number of trial node combinations. Lastly, a "fuzzy" set theory formalism minimizes experimental uncertainties in the identification of the most likely volumes of tag gases. This approach allows for the identification of virtually any number of sequential leaks and up to five simultaneous gas leaks from fuel elements.

Fuel inspection and reconstitution experience at Surry Power Station

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brookmire, T.A.

Surry Power Station, located on the James River near Williamsburg, Virginia, has two Westinghouse pressurized water reactors. Unit 2 consistently sets a high standard of fuel performance (no indication of fuel failures in recent cycles), while unit 1, since cycle 6, has been plagued with numerous fuel failures. Both Surry units operate with Westinghouse standard 15 x 15 fuel. Virginia Power management set goals to reduce the coolant activity, thus reducing person-rem exposure and the associated costs of high coolant activity. To achieve this goal, extensive fuel examination campaigns were undertaken that included high-magnification video inspectionsa, debris cleaning, wet andmore » vacuum fuel sipping, fuel rod ultrasonic testing, and eddy current examination. In the summer of 1985, during cycle 8 operation, Kraftwerk Union reconstituted (repaired) the damage, once-burned assemblies from cycles 6 and 7 by replacing failed fuel rods with solid Zircaloy-4 rods. Currently, cycle 9 has operated for 5 months without any indication of fuel failure (the cycle 9 core has two reconstituted assemblies).« less

Test and analysis of a stitched RFI graphite-epoxy panel with a fuel access door

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jegley, Dawn C.; Waters, W. Allen, Jr.

1994-01-01

A stitched RFI graphite-epoxy panel with a fuel access door was analyzed using a finite element analysis and loaded to failure in compression. The panel was initially 56-inches long and 36.75-inches wide and the oval access door was 18-inches long and 15-inches wide. The panel was impact damaged with impact energy of 100 ft-lb prior to compressive loading; however, no impact damage was detectable visually or by A-scan. The panel carried a failure load of 695,000 Ib and global failure strain of .00494 in/in. Analysis indicated the panel would fail due to collapse at a load of 688,100 Ib. The test data indicate that the maximum strain in a region near the access door was .0096 in/in and analysis indicates a local surface strain of .010 in/in at the panel's failure load. The panel did not fail through the impact damage, but instead failed through bolt holes for attachment of the access door in a region of high strain.

The impact of fuels on aircraft technology through the year 2000

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grobman, J.; Reck, G. M.

1980-01-01

The impact that the supply, quality, and processing costs of future fuels may have on aircraft technology is assessed. The potential range of properties for future jet fuels is discussed along with the establishment of a data base of fuel property effects on propulsion system components. Also, the evolution and evaluation of advanced component technology that would permit the use of broader property fuels and the identification of technical and economic trade-offs within the overall fuel production-air transportation system associated with variations in fuel properties are examined.

The Impact of Early Design Phase Risk Identification Biases on Space System Project Performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reeves, John D., Jr.; Eveleigh, Tim; Holzer, Thomas; Sarkani, Shahryar

2012-01-01

Risk identification during the early design phases of complex systems is commonly implemented but often fails to result in the identification of events and circumstances that truly challenge project performance. Inefficiencies in cost and schedule estimation are usually held accountable for cost and schedule overruns, but the true root cause is often the realization of programmatic risks. A deeper understanding of frequent risk identification trends and biases pervasive during space system design and development is needed, for it would lead to improved execution of existing identification processes and methods.

The relationship between fuel lubricity and diesel injection system wear

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lacy, Paul I.

1992-01-01

Use of low-lubricity fuel may have contributed to increased failure rates associated with critical fuel injection equipment during the 1991 Operation Desert Storm. However, accurate quantitative analysis of failed components from the field is almost impossible due to the unique service history of each pump. This report details the results of pump stand tests with fuels of equal viscosity, but widely different lubricity. Baseline tests were also performed using reference no. 2 diesel fuel. Use of poor lubricity fuel under these controlled conditions was found to greatly reduce both pump durability and engine performance. However, both improved metallurgy and fuel lubricity additives significantly reduced wear. Good correlation was obtained between standard bench tests and lightly loaded pump components. However, high contact loads on isolated components produced a more severe wear mechanism that is not well reflected by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator.

Metabolomics Characterization of U.S. and Japanese F-15 and C-130 Flight Line Crews Exposed to Jet Fuel Volatile Organic Compounds and Aerosols

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-30

resulted in the identification of metabolite patterns indicative of flight line exposure when compared to non -flight line control subjects...virtually non -invasive sample collection, minimal sample processing, robust and stable analytical platform, with excellent analytical and biological...identification of metabolite patterns indicative of flight line exposure when compared to non -flight line control subjects. Regardless of fuel (JP-4 or

48 CFR 227.7103-10 - Contractor identification and marking of technical data to be furnished with restrictive markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... submitted as an attachment to the offer. If an offeror fails to submit the attachment or fails to complete the attachment in accordance with the requirements of the solicitation provision, such failure shall... restriction is not justified. The contract attachment shall provide the same information regarding...

Time to ignition is influenced by both moisture content and soluble carbohydrates in live Douglas fir and Lodgepole pine needles

Treesearch

Matt Jolly; Sara McAllister; Mark Finney; Ann Hadlow

2010-01-01

Living plants are often the primary fuels burning in wildland fire but little is known about the factors that govern their ignition behavior. Moisture content has long been hypothesized to determine the characteristics of fires spreading in live fuels but moisture content alone fails to explain observed differences in the ignition of various species at different times...

Alternative Fuels Data Center

Science.gov Websites

Autonomous Vehicle (AV) Safe Testing Regulations Arizona state agencies must support the testing fails, the vehicle must be brought to a complete stop or safe state. The Arizona Department of Public

40 CFR 52.1120 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... a new regulation 310 CMR 7.19 “Interim Sulfur-in-Fuel Limitations for Fossil Fuel Utilization... May 22, 1985, including Method 27, record form, potential leak points, major tank truck leak sources...

40 CFR 52.1120 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... a new regulation 310 CMR 7.19 “Interim Sulfur-in-Fuel Limitations for Fossil Fuel Utilization... May 22, 1985, including Method 27, record form, potential leak points, major tank truck leak sources...

40 CFR 52.1120 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... a new regulation 310 CMR 7.19 “Interim Sulfur-in-Fuel Limitations for Fossil Fuel Utilization... May 22, 1985, including Method 27, record form, potential leak points, major tank truck leak sources...

40 CFR 52.1120 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... a new regulation 310 CMR 7.19 “Interim Sulfur-in-Fuel Limitations for Fossil Fuel Utilization... May 22, 1985, including Method 27, record form, potential leak points, major tank truck leak sources...

40 CFR 52.1120 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... a new regulation 310 CMR 7.19 “Interim Sulfur-in-Fuel Limitations for Fossil Fuel Utilization... May 22, 1985, including Method 27, record form, potential leak points, major tank truck leak sources...

Exploration for fossil and nuclear fuels from orbital altitudes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Short, N. M.

1977-01-01

The paper discusses the application of remotely sensed data from orbital satellites to the exploration for fossil and nuclear fuels. Geological applications of Landsat data are described including map editing, lithologic identification, structural geology, and mineral exploration. Specific results in fuel exploration are reviewed and a series of related Landsat images is included.

78 FR 14190 - Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: Identification of Additional Qualifying Renewable Fuel...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-05

... section above. Outline of This Preamble I. Executive Summary A. Purpose of the Regulatory Action B... Supply, Distribution, or Use I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act J. Executive Order 12898.... Congressional Review Act V. Statutory Provisions and Legal Authority I. Executive Summary A. Purpose of This...

Fuel type mapping in Region One

Treesearch

L. G. Hornby

1935-01-01

The mapping of a fuel is simply the identification of the place where a specific kind of fire behavior and difficulty, or expense, of control are expected. The article presents, in abbreviated form, instructions issued to fuel mappers in northern Idaho and western Montana. Under this method, which was developed incidental to fire control and transportation planning,...

7 CFR 4288.24 - Program payment provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... required in Form RD 4288-4, Part C, and access to records that verify compliance with program provisions... project, failed to reduce its fossil fuel consumption, produce energy from renewal biomass or otherwise...

7 CFR 4288.24 - Program payment provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... required in Form RD 4288-4, Part C, and access to records that verify compliance with program provisions... project, failed to reduce its fossil fuel consumption, produce energy from renewal biomass or otherwise...

7 CFR 4288.24 - Program payment provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... required in Form RD 4288-4, Part C, and access to records that verify compliance with program provisions... project, failed to reduce its fossil fuel consumption, produce energy from renewal biomass or otherwise...

Power ramp induced iodine and cesium redistribution in LWR fuel rods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sontheimer, F.; Vogl, W.; Ruyter, I.; Markgraf, J.

1980-01-01

Volatile fission product migration in LWR fuel rods which are power ramped above a certain threshold beyond the envelope of their previous power history, plays an important role in stress corrosion cracking of Zircaloy. This may cause fuel rods to fail already at stresses below the yield strength. In the HFR, Petten, many power ramp experiments have been performed with subsequent examination of the ramped rods for fission product distribution. This study describes the measurement of iodine and cesium distribution using γ-spectroscopy of I-131 and Cs-137. An evaluation method is presented which makes the determination of absolute amounts of I/Cs feasible. It is shown that a threshold for I/Cs redistribution exists beyond which it depends strongly on local fuel rod power and fuel type.

Detection and Identification of Sulfur Compounds in an Australian Jet Fuel

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

from a number of Australian and south-east Asian refineries that have different fuel finishing processes and methods for sweetening or desulfurising ...comparison to sulfur species that remain in deep hydrodesulfurised or alternate desulfurisation processed AVTUR/FSII fuels of the future. This work...Schmitz, C., Wasserscheid, P. (2001) Deep desulfurisation of diesel fuel by extraction with ionic liquids. Chem. Commun. 2494-2495 39. Dirk, D

Methodology and Software for Gross Defect Detection of Spent Nuclear Fuel at the Atucha-I Reactor [Novel Methodology and Software for Spent Fuel Gross Defect Detection at the Atucha-I Reactor

DOE PAGES

Sitaraman, Shivakumar; Ham, Young S.; Gharibyan, Narek; ...

2017-03-27

Here, fuel assemblies in the spent fuel pool are stored by suspending them in two vertically stacked layers at the Atucha Unit 1 nuclear power plant (Atucha-I). This introduces the unique problem of verifying the presence of fuel in either layer without physically moving the fuel assemblies. Given that the facility uses both natural uranium and slightly enriched uranium at 0.85 wt% 235U and has been in operation since 1974, a wide range of burnups and cooling times can exist in any given pool. A gross defect detection tool, the spent fuel neutron counter (SFNC), has been used at themore » site to verify the presence of fuel up to burnups of 8000 MWd/t. At higher discharge burnups, the existing signal processing software of the tool was found to fail due to nonlinearity of the source term with burnup.« less

Methodology and Software for Gross Defect Detection of Spent Nuclear Fuel at the Atucha-I Reactor [Novel Methodology and Software for Spent Fuel Gross Defect Detection at the Atucha-I Reactor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sitaraman, Shivakumar; Ham, Young S.; Gharibyan, Narek

Here, fuel assemblies in the spent fuel pool are stored by suspending them in two vertically stacked layers at the Atucha Unit 1 nuclear power plant (Atucha-I). This introduces the unique problem of verifying the presence of fuel in either layer without physically moving the fuel assemblies. Given that the facility uses both natural uranium and slightly enriched uranium at 0.85 wt% 235U and has been in operation since 1974, a wide range of burnups and cooling times can exist in any given pool. A gross defect detection tool, the spent fuel neutron counter (SFNC), has been used at themore » site to verify the presence of fuel up to burnups of 8000 MWd/t. At higher discharge burnups, the existing signal processing software of the tool was found to fail due to nonlinearity of the source term with burnup.« less

Department of Defense Energy Initiatives: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-20

the fully burdened cost of fuel during analysis of alternatives and evaluation of alternatives and acquisition program design trades .” The provision ...cost of fuel during analysis of alternatives and evaluation of alternatives and acquisition program design trades .” The provision is codified at 10...aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if

Experimental studies on metallic fuel relocation in a single-pin core structure of a sodium-cooled fast reactor

DOE PAGES

Kim, Taeil; Harbaruk, Dzmitry; Gerardi, Craig; ...

2017-07-10

Experiments dropping molten uranium into test sections of single fuel pin geometry filled with sodium were conducted to investigate relocation behavior of metallic fuel in the core structures of sodium-cooled fast reactors during a hypothetical core disruptive accident. Metallic uranium was used as a fuel material and HT-9M was used as a fuel cladding material in the experiment in order to accurately mock-up the thermo-physical behavior of the relocation. The fuel cladding failed due to eutectic formation between the uranium and HT-9M for all experiments. The extent of the eutectic formation increased with increasing molten uranium temperature. Voids in themore » relocated fuel were observed for all experiments and were likely formed by sodium boiling in contact with the fuel. In one experiment, numerous fragments of the relocated fuel were found. In conclusion, it could be concluded that the injected metallic uranium fuel was fragmented and dispersed in the narrow coolant channel by sodium boiling« less

Experimental studies on metallic fuel relocation in a single-pin core structure of a sodium-cooled fast reactor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, Taeil; Harbaruk, Dzmitry; Gerardi, Craig

Experiments dropping molten uranium into test sections of single fuel pin geometry filled with sodium were conducted to investigate relocation behavior of metallic fuel in the core structures of sodium-cooled fast reactors during a hypothetical core disruptive accident. Metallic uranium was used as a fuel material and HT-9M was used as a fuel cladding material in the experiment in order to accurately mock-up the thermo-physical behavior of the relocation. The fuel cladding failed due to eutectic formation between the uranium and HT-9M for all experiments. The extent of the eutectic formation increased with increasing molten uranium temperature. Voids in themore » relocated fuel were observed for all experiments and were likely formed by sodium boiling in contact with the fuel. In one experiment, numerous fragments of the relocated fuel were found. In conclusion, it could be concluded that the injected metallic uranium fuel was fragmented and dispersed in the narrow coolant channel by sodium boiling« less

Expert system for identification of simultaneous and sequential reactor fuel failures with gas tagging

DOEpatents

Gross, K.C.

1994-07-26

Failure of a fuel element in a nuclear reactor core is determined by a gas tagging failure detection system and method. Failures are catalogued and characterized after the event so that samples of the reactor's cover gas are taken at regular intervals and analyzed by mass spectroscopy. Employing a first set of systematic heuristic rules which are applied in a transformed node space allows the number of node combinations which must be processed within a barycentric algorithm to be substantially reduced. A second set of heuristic rules treats the tag nodes of the most recent one or two leakers as background'' gases, further reducing the number of trial node combinations. Lastly, a fuzzy'' set theory formalism minimizes experimental uncertainties in the identification of the most likely volumes of tag gases. This approach allows for the identification of virtually any number of sequential leaks and up to five simultaneous gas leaks from fuel elements. 14 figs.

Combined genetic transformation and nutritional assay for identification of Moraxella nonliquefaciens.

PubMed Central

Juni, E; Heym, G A; Maurer, M J; Miller, M L

1987-01-01

A combined genetic transformation and nutritional assay is described that permits definitive identification of clinically isolated strains of Moraxella nonliquefaciens. Crude DNA preparations of strains of various Moraxella species were used to transform nutritional mutants of a stably competent strain of M. nonliquefaciens for ability to grow on a defined medium (Mn-B). DNA samples from 24 independently isolated strains of M. nonliquefaciens all resulted in massive (4+) transformation of each of two mutant assay strains. DNA samples from strains of M. bovis and M. lacunata frequently gave weak (1+) transformation of one of the mutant assay strains (Mn64) but almost always failed to transform another assay strain (Mn136). DNA samples from eight other Moraxella species failed completely to transform either of the mutant assay strains. When streaked on the defined medium used for the transformation assay (Mn-B), 23 of the 24 strains of M. nonliquefaciens grew well, but all strains of M. bovis and M. lacunata failed to grow on this medium. Images PMID:3654942

High-Pressure Liquid Chromatograph with Mass Spectrometric Detection for Analysis of Supercritical Fuels Pyrolysis Products

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-08-01

conditions will necessarily be supercritical fluids . These temperatures and pressures will also cause the fuel to undergo pyrolytic reactions, which...Spectrometric Detection for 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Analysis of Supercritical Fuels Pyrolysis Products 5b. GRANT NUMBER FA9550-05-1-0253 5c... supercritical pyrolysis experiments with the model fuels 1-methylnaphthalene and toluene. The HPLC/UV/MS instrument facilitated the identification of fifteen 5

Intrauterine adhesions as a risk factor for failed first-trimester pregnancy termination.

PubMed

Luk, Janelle; Allen, Rebecca H; Schantz-Dunn, Julianna; Goldberg, Alisa B

2007-10-01

Risk factors for failed first-trimester surgical abortion include endometrial distortion caused by leiomyomas, uterine anomalies and malposition and cervical stenosis. This report introduces intrauterine adhesions as an additional risk factor. A multiparous woman presented for pregnancy termination at 6 weeks' gestation. Three suction-curettage attempts failed to remove what appeared to be an intrauterine pregnancy. Rising beta-hCG levels and concern for an interstitial ectopic pregnancy prompted a diagnostic laparoscopy and exploratory laparotomy without the identification of an ectopic pregnancy. After methotrexate treatment failed, the patient underwent ultrasound-guided hysteroscopy and suction curettage using a cannula with a whistle-cut aperture for the successful removal of a pregnancy implanted behind intrauterine adhesions. Intrauterine adhesions are a cause of failed surgical abortion. Ultrasound-guided hysteroscopy may be required for diagnosis.

Fission gas detection system

DOEpatents

Colburn, Richard P.

1985-01-01

A device for collecting fission gas released by a failed fuel rod which device uses a filter to pass coolant but which filter blocks fission gas bubbles which cannot pass through the filter due to the surface tension of the bubble.

Detonation failure characterization of non-ideal explosives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Janesheski, Robert S.; Groven, Lori J.; Son, Steven

2012-03-01

Non-ideal explosives are currently poorly characterized, hence limiting the modeling of them. Current characterization requires large-scale testing to obtain steady detonation wave characterization for analysis due to the relatively thick reaction zones. Use of a microwave interferometer applied to small-scale confined transient experiments is being implemented to allow for time resolved characterization of a failing detonation. The microwave interferometer measures the position of a failing detonation wave in a tube that is initiated with a booster charge. Experiments have been performed with ammonium nitrate and various fuel compositions (diesel fuel and mineral oil). It was observed that the failure dynamics are influenced by factors such as chemical composition and confiner thickness. Future work is planned to calibrate models to these small-scale experiments and eventually validate the models with available large scale experiments. This experiment is shown to be repeatable, shows dependence on reactive properties, and can be performed with little required material.

Conditions inside Water Pooled in a Failed Nuclear Waste Container and its Effect on Radionuclide Release

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamdan, L. K.; Walton, J. C.; Woocay, A.

2009-12-01

Nuclear power use is expected to expand in the future, as part of the global clean energy initiative, to meet the world’s surging energy demand, and attenuate greenhouse gas emissions, which are mainly caused by fossil fuels. As a result, it is estimated that hundreds of thousands of metric tons of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) will accumulate. SNF disposal has major environmental (radiation exposure) and security (nuclear proliferation) concerns. Storage in unsaturated zone geological repositories is a reasonable solution for dealing with SNF. One of the key factors that determine the performance of the geological repository is the release of radionuclides from the engineered barrier system. Over time, the nuclear waste containers are expected to fail gradually due to general and localized corrosions and eventually infiltrating water will have access to the nuclear waste. Once radionuclides are released, they will be transported by water, and make their way to the accessible environment. Physical and chemical disturbances in the environment over the container will lead to different corrosion rates, causing different times and locations of penetration. One possible scenario for waste packages failure is the bathtub model, where penetrations occur on the top of the waste package and water pools inside it. In this paper the bathtub-type failed waste container is considered. We shed some light on chemical and physical processes that take place in the pooled water inside a partially failed waste container (bathtub category), and the effects of these processes on radionuclide release. Our study considers two possibilities: temperature stratification of the pooled water versus mixing process. Our calculations show that temperature stratification of the pooled water is expected when the waste package is half (or less) filled with water. On the other hand, when the waste package is fully filled (or above half) there will be mixing in the upper part of water. The effect of these cases on oxygen availability and consequently spent fuel alteration and radionuclide release will be considered.

Carbon monoxide exposure from aircraft fueling vehicles.

PubMed

McCammon, C S; Halperin, W F; Lemen, R A

1981-01-01

Investigators from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health observed deficiencies in maintenance of fueling trucks at an international airport. The exhaust system is vented under the front bumper, a standard design on fueling trucks which is intended to minimize the proximity of the exhaust system to the jet fuel in the vehicles. Carbon monoxide levels were measured in the cabs of 17 fueling trucks with windows closed, heaters on, and in different positions relative to the wind. One truck had an average CO level of 300 ppm, two exceeded 100 ppm, five others exceeded 50 ppm, while levels in the other nine averaged less than or equal to 500 ppm. Levels of CO depended on the mechanical condition of the vehicle and the vehicle's orientation to the wind. Stringent maintenance is required as the exhaust design is not fail-safe.

77 FR 699 - Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: Identification of Additional Qualifying Renewable Fuel...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-05

...\\ For a similar discussion see page 46 of Stratton, R.W., Wong, H.M., Hileman, J.I. 2010. Lifecycle... submitting comments. Email: a-and-r[email protected] , Attention Air and Radiation Docket ID EPA-HQ-OAR-2011... protected through www.regulations.gov or email. The www.regulations.gov Web site is an ``anonymous access...

Methods for Multiloop Identification of Visual and Neuromuscular Pilot Responses.

PubMed

Olivari, Mario; Nieuwenhuizen, Frank M; Venrooij, Joost; Bülthoff, Heinrich H; Pollini, Lorenzo

2015-12-01

In this paper, identification methods are proposed to estimate the neuromuscular and visual responses of a multiloop pilot model. A conventional and widely used technique for simultaneous identification of the neuromuscular and visual systems makes use of cross-spectral density estimates. This paper shows that this technique requires a specific noninterference hypothesis, often implicitly assumed, that may be difficult to meet during actual experimental designs. A mathematical justification of the necessity of the noninterference hypothesis is given. Furthermore, two methods are proposed that do not have the same limitations. The first method is based on autoregressive models with exogenous inputs, whereas the second one combines cross-spectral estimators with interpolation in the frequency domain. The two identification methods are validated by offline simulations and contrasted to the classic method. The results reveal that the classic method fails when the noninterference hypothesis is not fulfilled; on the contrary, the two proposed techniques give reliable estimates. Finally, the three identification methods are applied to experimental data from a closed-loop control task with pilots. The two proposed techniques give comparable estimates, different from those obtained by the classic method. The differences match those found with the simulations. Thus, the two identification methods provide a good alternative to the classic method and make it possible to simultaneously estimate human's neuromuscular and visual responses in cases where the classic method fails.

Use of the MicroSeq 500 16S rRNA Gene-Based Sequencing for Identification of Bacterial Isolates That Commercial Automated Systems Failed To Identify Correctly

PubMed Central

Fontana, Carla; Favaro, Marco; Pelliccioni, Marco; Pistoia, Enrico Salvatore; Favalli, Cartesio

2005-01-01

Reliable automated identification and susceptibility testing of clinically relevant bacteria is an essential routine for microbiology laboratories, thus improving patient care. Examples of automated identification systems include the Phoenix (Becton Dickinson) and the VITEK 2 (bioMérieux). However, more and more frequently, microbiologists must isolate “difficult” strains that automated systems often fail to identify. An alternative approach could be the genetic identification of isolates; this is based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible use of MicroSeq 500 (Applera) for sequencing the 16S rRNA gene to identify isolates whose identification is unobtainable by conventional systems. We analyzed 83 “difficult” clinical isolates: 25 gram-positive and 58 gram-negative strains that were contemporaneously identified by both systems—VITEK 2 and Phoenix—while genetic identification was performed by using the MicroSeq 500 system. The results showed that phenotypic identifications by VITEK 2 and Phoenix were remarkably similar: 74% for gram-negative strains (43 of 58) and 80% for gram-positive strains were concordant by both systems and also concordant with genetic characterization. The exceptions were the 15 gram-negative and 9 gram-positive isolates whose phenotypic identifications were contrasting or inconclusive. For these, the use of MicroSeq 500 was fundamental to achieving species identification. In clinical microbiology the use of MicroSeq 500, particularly for strains with ambiguous biochemical profiles (including slow-growing strains), identifies strains more easily than do conventional systems. Moreover, MicroSeq 500 is easy to use and cost-effective, making it applicable also in the clinical laboratory. PMID:15695654

Possible consequences of operation with KIVN fuel elements in K Zircaloy process tubes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carlson, P.A.

1963-08-06

From considerations of the results of experimental simulations of non-axial placement of fuel elements in process tubes and in-reactor experience, it is concluded that the ultimate outcome of a charging error which results in operation with one or more unsupported fuel elements in a K Zircaloy-2 process tube would be multiple fuel failure and failure of the process tube. The outcome of the accident is determined by the speed with which the fuel failure is detected and the reactor is shut down. The release of fission products would be expected to be no greater than that which has occurred followingmore » severe fuel failure incidents. The highest probability for fission product release occurs during the discharge of failed fuel elements, when a small fraction of the exposed uranium of the fuel element may be oxidized when exposed to air before the element falls into the water-filled discharge chute. The confinement and fog spray facilities were installed to reduce the amount of fission products which might escape from the reactor building after such an event.« less

Palliative effects of H2 on SOFCs operating with carbon containing fuels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reeping, Kyle W.; Bohn, Jessie M.; Walker, Robert A.

2017-12-01

Chlorine can accelerate degradation of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Ni-based anodes operating on carbon containing fuels through several different mechanisms. However, supplementing the fuel with a small percentage of excess molecular hydrogen effectively masks the degradation to the catalytic activity of the Ni and carbon fuel cracking reaction reactions. Experiments described in this work explore the chemistry behind the "palliative" effect of hydrogen on SOFCs operating with chlorine-contaminated, carbon-containing fuels using a suite of independent, complementary techniques. Operando Raman spectroscopy is used to monitor carbon accumulation and, by inference, Ni catalytic activity while electrochemical techniques including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and voltammetry are used to monitor overall cell performance. Briefly, hydrogen not only completely hides degradation observed with chlorine-contaminated carbon-containing fuels, but also actively removes adsorbed chlorine from the surface of the Ni, allowing for the methane cracking reaction to continue, albeit at a slower rate. When hydrogen is removed from the fuel stream the cell fails immediately due to chlorine occupation of methane/biogas reaction sites.

Application of Chemometric Methods to Devolve Co-Eluting Peaks in GC-MS of Fuels to Improve Compound Identification: Final Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-02-12

Unclassified Unlimited 49 Jeffrey Cramer (202) 404-3419 Fuel stability and performance problems are often due to the presence of trace levels of contaminants or...other minor changes in composition. Detailed compositional analyses of suspect fuels are often critical to the determination of the cause(s) of the...problem(s) at hand. Sensitive methods to compare fuel compositions via GC-MS methods are available, but the detailed compositional analyses of

FY2016 Ceramic Fuels Development Annual Highlights

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mcclellan, Kenneth James

Key challenges for the Advanced Fuels Campaign are the development of fuel technologies to enable major increases in fuel performance (safety, reliability, power and burnup) beyond current technologies, and development of characterization methods and predictive fuel performance models to enable more efficient development and licensing of advanced fuels. Ceramic fuel development activities for fiscal year 2016 fell within the areas of 1) National and International Technical Integration, 2) Advanced Accident Tolerant Ceramic Fuel Development, 3) Advanced Techniques and Reference Materials Development, and 4) Fabrication of Enriched Ceramic Fuels. High uranium density fuels were the focus of the ceramic fuels efforts.more » Accomplishments for FY16 primarily reflect the prioritization of identification and assessment of new ceramic fuels for light water reactors which have enhanced accident tolerance while also maintaining or improving normal operation performance, and exploration of advanced post irradiation examination techniques which will support more efficient testing and qualification of new fuel systems.« less

Molecular Interactions of High Energy Fuels and Jet Fuels with Oncogenic Viruses and Endogenous Viruses.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-02-01

furam failed to abrogate the inhibitory effect of MAMA , the ultimate carcinogen of SDMH. Detailed methodology required to ascertain effect of chemicals...Modern Environmental Toxicology Vol. I. Eds, N. Mishra, V. Dunkel, M. M11ehlman. Senate Press, N.J. 1980. (2) "Origins of Human Cancer ", by I.J...Longfellow, Ph.D. Assistant Chief Chemical and Physical Carcinogenesis Branch Division of Cancer Cause and Prevention NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MID 20205 VI

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carmack, William Jonathan; Braase, Lori Ann

Fuel recovery from severe accidents requires careful planning and execution. The Idaho National Laboratory played a key role in the Three Mile Island (TMI) fuel and core recovery. This involved technology development to locate and handle the damaged fuel; characterization of fuel and debris; analysis of fuel interaction with structural components and materials; development of fuel drying technology for long-term storage. However, one of the critical activities from the TMI project was the extensive effort document all the activities and archive the reports and photos. A historical review of the TMI project at the INL leads to the identification ofmore » current applications and considerations for facility designs, fuel handling, robotic applications, material characterization, etc.« less

Packaging Strategies for Criticality Safety for "Other" DOE Fuels in a Repository

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Larry L Taylor

2004-06-01

Since 1998, there has been an ongoing effort to gain acceptance of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-owned spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in the national repository. To accomplish this goal, the fuel matrix was used as a discriminating feature to segregate fuels into nine distinct groups. From each of those groups, a characteristic fuel was selected and analyzed for criticality safety based on a proposed packaging strategy. This report identifies and quantifies the important criticality parameters for the canisterized fuels within each criticality group to: (1) demonstrate how the “other” fuels in the group are bounded by the baseline calculations ormore » (2) allow identification of individual type fuels that might require special analysis and packaging.« less

Irradiation of three T-111 clad uranium nitride fuel pins for 8070 hours at 990 C (1815 F)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Slaby, J. G.; Siegel, B. L.; Gedeon, L.; Galbo, R. J.

1973-01-01

The design and successful operation of three tantalum alloy (Ta-8W-2Hf) clad uranium mononitride (UN) fuel pins irradiated for 8070 hr at 990 C (1815 F) is described. Two pin diameters having measured burnups of 0.47 and 0.90 uranium atom percent were tested. No clad failures or swelling was detected; however, postirradiation clad samples tested failed with 1 percent strain. The fuel density decrease was 2 percent, and the fission gas release was less than 0.05 percent. Isotropic fuel swelling, which averaged about 0.5 percent, was less than fuel pin assembly clearances. Thus the clad was not strained. Thermocouples with a modified hot zone operated at average temperatures to 1100 C (2012 F) without failure. Factors that influence the ability to maintain uniform clad temperature as well as the results of the heat transfer calculations are discussed.

16 CFR 309.21 - Labeling requirements for used covered vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... numbers, bar codes, and vehicle identification numbers consistent with Figure 6. (c) Type size and setting... vehicles. 309.21 Section 309.21 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION REGULATIONS UNDER SPECIFIC ACTS OF CONGRESS LABELING REQUIREMENTS FOR ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND ALTERNATIVE FUELED VEHICLES...

16 CFR 309.21 - Labeling requirements for used covered vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... numbers, bar codes, and vehicle identification numbers consistent with Figure 6. (c) Type size and setting... vehicles. 309.21 Section 309.21 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION REGULATIONS UNDER SPECIFIC ACTS OF CONGRESS LABELING REQUIREMENTS FOR ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND ALTERNATIVE FUELED VEHICLES...

16 CFR 309.20 - Labeling requirements for new covered vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... numbers, bar codes, and vehicle identification numbers consistent with Figures 4, 5, and 5.1. (c) Type... vehicles. 309.20 Section 309.20 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION REGULATIONS UNDER SPECIFIC ACTS OF CONGRESS LABELING REQUIREMENTS FOR ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND ALTERNATIVE FUELED VEHICLES...

16 CFR 309.20 - Labeling requirements for new covered vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... numbers, bar codes, and vehicle identification numbers consistent with Figures 4, 5, and 5.1. (c) Type... vehicles. 309.20 Section 309.20 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION REGULATIONS UNDER SPECIFIC ACTS OF CONGRESS LABELING REQUIREMENTS FOR ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND ALTERNATIVE FUELED VEHICLES...

40 CFR 52.1370 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., Montana submitted revisions to the open burning regulation and redesignated the Anaconda area from...) and its Particulate Matter, Fuel Burning Equipment Rule (16.8.1402). (i) Incorporation by reference....8.937) and the Particulate Matter, Fuel Burning Equipment rule (16.8.1402) adopted on January 15...

40 CFR 52.1370 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., Montana submitted revisions to the open burning regulation and redesignated the Anaconda area from...) and its Particulate Matter, Fuel Burning Equipment Rule (16.8.1402). (i) Incorporation by reference....8.937) and the Particulate Matter, Fuel Burning Equipment rule (16.8.1402) adopted on January 15...

40 CFR 52.1370 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., Montana submitted revisions to the open burning regulation and redesignated the Anaconda area from...) and its Particulate Matter, Fuel Burning Equipment Rule (16.8.1402). (i) Incorporation by reference....8.937) and the Particulate Matter, Fuel Burning Equipment rule (16.8.1402) adopted on January 15...

40 CFR 52.1370 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., Montana submitted revisions to the open burning regulation and redesignated the Anaconda area from...) and its Particulate Matter, Fuel Burning Equipment Rule (16.8.1402). (i) Incorporation by reference....8.937) and the Particulate Matter, Fuel Burning Equipment rule (16.8.1402) adopted on January 15...

Roles of Radiolytic and Externally Generated H2 in the Corrosion of Fractured Spent Nuclear Fuel.

PubMed

Liu, Nazhen; Wu, Linda; Qin, Zack; Shoesmith, David W

2016-11-15

A 2-D model for the corrosion of spent nuclear fuel inside a failed nuclear waste container has been modified to determine the influence of various redox processes occurring within fractures in the fuel. The corrosion process is driven by reaction of the fuel with the dominant α radiolysis product, H 2 O 2 . A number of reactions are shown to moderate or suppress the corrosion rate, including H 2 O 2 decomposition and a number of reactions involving dissolved H 2 produced either by α radiolysis or by the corrosion of the steel container vessel. Both sources of H 2 lead to the suppression of fuel corrosion, with their relative importance being determined by the radiation dose rate, the steel corrosion rate, and the dimensions of the fractures in the fuel. The combination of H 2 from these two sources can effectively prevent corrosion when only micromolar quantities of H 2 are present.

Effectiveness of Additives in Improving Fuel Lubricity and Preventing Pump Failure at High Temperature

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

after pump calibrations , transfer pump blade measurements, injector nozzle tests, pump parts evaluation, and parts conditions photographs are also... Injectors –0 0.53 5,500 0.257 1 2-15293089 DF2 As Purchased 105 (40) 1,000 1,000 Calibration off spec areas–4 Pump Rating–1.04 Failed Injectors –0 0.53...5,500 0.257 2 1-15382732 DF2 As Purchased 135 (57) 1,000 1,000 Calibration off spec areas–4 Pump Rating–1.13 Failed Injectors –0 0.55

Programs for Children with Specific Learning Disabilities. P.L. 91-230, Title VI-G. Final Report on Products and Results of Year's Work, July 1, 1973 to June 30, 1974. Fail Save Continuum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1974

Presented is the final report of the Learning Disability Fail-Save Continuum Project, designed to provide identification, assessment, and placement services to 378 elementary and secondary level students. Outlined in Section I are the following project components: major revisions from the original proposal (such as implementation of the itinerant…

Solid oxide fuel cell anode image segmentation based on a novel quantum-inspired fuzzy clustering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Xiaowei; Xiang, Yuhan; Chen, Li; Xu, Xin; Li, Xi

2015-12-01

High quality microstructure modeling can optimize the design of fuel cells. For three-phase accurate identification of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) microstructure, this paper proposes a novel image segmentation method on YSZ/Ni anode Optical Microscopic (OM) images. According to Quantum Signal Processing (QSP), the proposed approach exploits a quantum-inspired adaptive fuzziness factor to adaptively estimate the energy function in the fuzzy system based on Markov Random Filed (MRF). Before defuzzification, a quantum-inspired probability distribution based on distance and gray correction is proposed, which can adaptively adjust the inaccurate probability estimation of uncertain points caused by noises and edge points. In this study, the proposed method improves accuracy and effectiveness of three-phase identification on the micro-investigation. It provides firm foundation to investigate the microstructural evolution and its related properties.

Microbiological and molecular identification of bacterial species isolated from nasal and oropharyngeal mucosa of fuel workers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

PubMed

AlWakeel, Suaad S

2017-09-01

This study aimed to determine the bacterial species colonizing the nasal and oropharyngeal mucosa of fuel workers in Central Riyadh, Saudi Arabia on a microbiological and molecular level. Throat and nasal swab samples were obtained from 29 fuel station attendants in the period of time extending from March to May 2014 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Microbiological identification techniques were utilized to identify the bacterial species isolated. Antibiotic sensitivity was assessed for each of the bacterial isolates. Molecular identification techniques based on PCR analysis of specific genomic sequences was conducted and was the basis on which phylogeny representation was done for 10 randomly selected samples of the isolates. Blood was drawn and a complete blood count was conducted to note the hematological indices for each of the study participants. Nineteen bacterial species were isolated from both the nasal cavity and the oropharynx including Streptococcus thoraltensis , alpha-hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus hominis , coagulase-negative staphylococci, Leuconostoc mesenteroides , Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and several others. We found 100% sensitivity of the isolates to ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime and gentamicin. Whereas cefotaxime and azithromycin posted sensitivities of 85.7% and 91.4%, respectively. Low sensitivities (<60% sensitivity) to the antibiotics ampicillin, erythromycin, clarithromycin and norfloxacin were observed. Ninety-seven percent similarity to the microbial bank species was noted when the isolates were compared to it. Most hematological indices recorded were within the normal range. In conclusion, exposure to toxic fumes and compounds within fuel products may be a contributing factor to bacterial colonization of the respiratory tract in fuel workers.

Antimisting fuel breakup and flammability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parikh, P.; Fleeter, R.; Sarohia, V.

1983-01-01

The breakup behavior and flammability of antimisting turbine fuels subjected to aerodynamic shear are investigated. Fuels tested were Jet A containing 0.3% FM-9 polymer at various levels of degradation ranging from virgin AMK to neat Jet A. The misting behavior of the fuels was quantified by droplet size distribution measurements. A technique based on high resolution laser photography and digital image processing of photographic records for rapid determination of droplet size distribution was developed. The flammability of flowing droplet-air mixtures was quantified by direct measurements of temperature rise in a flame established in the wake of a continuous ignition source. The temperature rise measurements were correlated with droplet size measurements. The flame anchoring phenomenon associated with the breakup of a liquid fuel in the wake of bluff body was shown to be important in the context of a survivable crash scenario. A pass/fail criterion for flammability testing of antimisting fuels, based on this flame-anchoring phenomenon, was proposed. The role of various ignition sources and their intensity in ignition and post-ignition behavior of antimisting fuels was also investigated.

40 CFR 60.51Da - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... excluded from the calculation of average emission rates because of startup, shutdown, malfunction (NOX only... than startup, shutdown, malfunction, or emergency conditions. (6) Identification of “F” factor used for calculations, method of determination, and type of fuel combusted. (7) Identification of times when hourly...

78 FR 12157 - RFS Renewable Identification Number (RIN) Quality Assurance Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-21

... conducting their own audits of renewable fuel production facilities. Given the time and effort to conduct... that invalid RINs are replaced with valid RINs. Requirements for audits of renewable fuel production... production and RIN generation. Most conduct some form of on-site audit including a review of production...

40 CFR 80.93 - Individual baseline submission and approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... of its individual baseline to EPA (Fuel Studies and Standards Branch, Baseline Submission, U.S. EPA... Studies and Standards Branch, Baseline Petition, U.S. EPA, 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105..., used in the determination of a given fuel parameter; (iii) Identification of test method. If not per...

40 CFR 80.93 - Individual baseline submission and approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... of its individual baseline to EPA (Fuel Studies and Standards Branch, Baseline Submission, U.S. EPA... Studies and Standards Branch, Baseline Petition, U.S. EPA, 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105..., used in the determination of a given fuel parameter; (iii) Identification of test method. If not per...

40 CFR 80.93 - Individual baseline submission and approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... of its individual baseline to EPA (Fuel Studies and Standards Branch, Baseline Submission, U.S. EPA... Studies and Standards Branch, Baseline Petition, U.S. EPA, 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105..., used in the determination of a given fuel parameter; (iii) Identification of test method. If not per...

40 CFR 80.93 - Individual baseline submission and approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... of its individual baseline to EPA (Fuel Studies and Standards Branch, Baseline Submission, U.S. EPA... Studies and Standards Branch, Baseline Petition, U.S. EPA, 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105..., used in the determination of a given fuel parameter; (iii) Identification of test method. If not per...

Surge in Philanthropy Fuels Cancer Research.

PubMed

2017-01-01

Philanthropy could lead to faster cures by funding riskier research-projects more likely to fail but with potentially high impact-and promoting better teamwork among researchers. However, researchers and fundraisers say that it should augment, not replace, government funding. ©2017 American Association for Cancer Research.

Sustained generation of nitric oxide and control of mycobacterial infection requires argininosuccinate synthase 1

PubMed Central

Qualls, Joseph E.; Subramanian, Chitra; Rafi, Wasiulla; Smith, Amber M.; Balouzian, Liza; DeFreitas, Ashley A.; Shirey, Kari Ann; Reutterer, Benjamin; Kernbauer, Elisabeth; Stockinger, Silvia; Decker, Thomas; Miyairi, Isao; Vogel, Stefanie N.; Salgame, Padmini; Rock, Charles O.; Murray, Peter J.

2012-01-01

Nitric oxide (NO) defends against intracellular pathogens but its synthesis must be regulated due to cell and tissue toxicity. During infection, macrophages import extracellular arginine to synthesize NO, generating the byproduct citrulline. Accumulated intracellular citrulline is thought to fuel arginine synthesis catalyzed by argininosuccinate synthase (Ass1) and argininosuccinate lyase (Asl), which would lead to abundant NO production. Instead, we find that citrulline is exported from macrophages during early stages of NO production with < 2% retained for recycling via the Ass1-Asl pathway. Later, extracellular arginine is depleted, and Ass1 expression allows macrophages to synthesize arginine from imported citrulline to sustain NO output. Ass1-deficient macrophages fail to salvage citrulline in arginine-scarce conditions, leading to their inability to control mycobacteria infection. Thus, extracellular arginine fuels rapid NO production in activated macrophages, and citrulline recycling via Ass1 and Asl is a fail-safe system that sustains optimum NO production. PMID:22980328

Waste-to-Energy Thermal Destruction Identification for Forward Operating Bases

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-01

waste disposal strategy is to simplify the technology development goals. Specifically, we recommend a goal of reducing total net energy consumption ...to net zero. The minimum objective should be the lowest possible fuel consumption per unit of waste disposed. By shifting the focus from W2E to waste...over long distances increases the risks to military personnel and contractors. Because fuel is a limited resource at FOBs, diesel fuel consumption

Land use and household energy dynamics in Malawi

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jagger, Pamela; Perez-Heydrich, Carolina

2016-12-01

Interventions to mitigate household air pollution (HAP) from cooking with solid fuels often fail to take into account the role of access to freely available woodfuels in determining fuel choice and willingness to adopt clean cooking technologies, key factors in mitigating the burden of HAP. We use national-scale remote sensing data on land use land cover change, and population representative data from two waves of the Malawi Living Standards Measurement Survey to explore the relationship between land use change and the type of fuel households use, time spent collecting fuel, and expenditures on fuel, hypothesizing that land use dynamics influence household-level choice of primary cooking fuel. We find considerable heterogeneity with respect to regeneration and deforestation/degradation dynamics and evidence of spatial clustering. We find that regeneration of forests and woodlands increases the share of households that collect fuelwood, whereas deforestation and degradation lead households to purchase fuelwood. We also find that a relatively large share of land under woody savannah or degraded forest (versus fully stocked forest) increases fuel collection time. Areas with regeneration happening at broader scale experience increases in fuel expenditures. Our findings have implications for the spatial targeting of interventions designed to mitigate HAP.

KSC-05PD-1586

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. On the table is a refurbished, spare orbiter point sensor chassis and a motherboard. Components are being tested to determine why one of the four liquid hydrogen tank low-level fuel cut-off sensors failed in a routine prelaunch check during the launch countdown July 13. The failure caused mission managers to scrub Discovery's first launch attempt. The sensor protects the Shuttle's main engines by triggering their shutdown in the event fuel runs unexpectedly low. The sensor is one of four inside the liquid hydrogen section of the External Tank (ET).

PROPULSION AND POWER RAPID RESPONSE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D) SUPPORT. Deliver Order 0002: Power-Dense, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems: High-Performance, High-Power-Density Solid Oxide Fuel Cells - Materials and Load Control

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

aluminum titanate has evolved from a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) lowering additive in traditional nickel/YSZ cermets to an anchoring...provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently...volumetric concentrations well below percolation for traditional cermets . The coarsening of nickel after high temperature thermal treatment poses

KSC-05PD-1584

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. Monica Hagley, an avionic test engineer, places a refurbished, spare orbiter point sensor chassis on the table. Faulty readings in the liquid hydrogen tank low-level fuel cut-off sensor are being investigated because one of the four sensors failed a routine prelaunch check during the launch countdown July 13, causing mission managers to scrub Discovery's first launch attempt. The sensor protects the Shuttle's main engines by triggering their shutdown in the event fuel runs unexpectedly low. The sensor is one of four inside the liquid hydrogen section of the External Tank (ET).

Maintaining Continuity of Knowledge (CoK) of Spent Fuel Pools: Tool Survey - Scenarios, Technology Considerations, and Evaluation Criteria

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Benz, Jacob M.; Tanner, Jennifer E.; Smart, Heidi A.

2016-01-18

The objective of this report is to identify the foundational elements which will drive the survey and evaluation of potential technologies to be considered to maintain CoK of spent fuel within a pool in the potential absence of light or in low light scenarios. These foundational elements include identifying use cases that highlight the type of environments in which the technologies may be asked to operate; the CoK elements required of the technologies, such as unique identification or presence/absence identification; the functional and operational requirements for the technologies; and the criteria against which the technologies will be evaluated.

Identification of vapor-phase chemical warfare agent simulants and rocket fuels using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stearns, Jaime A.; McElman, Sarah E.; Dodd, James A.

2010-05-01

Application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to the identification of security threats is a growing area of research. This work presents LIBS spectra of vapor-phase chemical warfare agent simulants and typical rocket fuels. A large dataset of spectra was acquired using a variety of gas mixtures and background pressures and processed using partial least squares analysis. The five compounds studied were identified with a 99% success rate by the best method. The temporal behavior of the emission lines as a function of chamber pressure and gas mixture was also investigated, revealing some interesting trends that merit further study.

10 CFR 490.809 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Violations. 490.809 Section 490.809 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Compliance § 490.809 Violations. If a State or covered person that receives a waiver under this subpart fails to comply with the...

10 CFR 490.809 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Violations. 490.809 Section 490.809 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Compliance § 490.809 Violations. If a State or covered person that receives a waiver under this subpart fails to comply with the...

10 CFR 490.809 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Violations. 490.809 Section 490.809 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Compliance § 490.809 Violations. If a State or covered person that receives a waiver under this subpart fails to comply with the...

10 CFR 490.809 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations. 490.809 Section 490.809 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Compliance § 490.809 Violations. If a State or covered person that receives a waiver under this subpart fails to comply with the...

10 CFR 490.809 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Violations. 490.809 Section 490.809 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Compliance § 490.809 Violations. If a State or covered person that receives a waiver under this subpart fails to comply with the...

Identification and microbial production of a terpene-based advanced biofuel

PubMed Central

Peralta-Yahya, Pamela P.; Ouellet, Mario; Chan, Rossana; Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila; Keasling, Jay D.; Lee, Taek Soon

2011-01-01

Rising petroleum costs, trade imbalances and environmental concerns have stimulated efforts to advance the microbial production of fuels from lignocellulosic biomass. Here we identify a novel biosynthetic alternative to D2 diesel fuel, bisabolane, and engineer microbial platforms for the production of its immediate precursor, bisabolene. First, we identify bisabolane as an alternative to D2 diesel by measuring the fuel properties of chemically hydrogenated commercial bisabolene. Then, via a combination of enzyme screening and metabolic engineering, we obtain a more than tenfold increase in bisabolene titers in Escherichia coli to >900 mg l−1. We produce bisabolene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (>900 mg l−1), a widely used platform for the production of ethanol. Finally, we chemically hydrogenate biosynthetic bisabolene into bisabolane. This work presents a framework for the identification of novel terpene-based advanced biofuels and the rapid engineering of microbial farnesyl diphosphate-overproducing platforms for the production of biofuels. PMID:21952217

Hybrid propulsion technology program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

Technology was identified which will enable application of hybrid propulsion to manned and unmanned space launch vehicles. Two design concepts are proposed. The first is a hybrid propulsion system using the classical method of regression (classical hybrid) resulting from the flow of oxidizer across a fuel grain surface. The second system uses a self-sustaining gas generator (gas generator hybrid) to produce a fuel rich exhaust that was mixed with oxidizer in a separate combustor. Both systems offer cost and reliability improvement over the existing solid rocket booster and proposed liquid boosters. The designs were evaluated using life cycle cost and reliability. The program consisted of: (1) identification and evaluation of candidate oxidizers and fuels; (2) preliminary evaluation of booster design concepts; (3) preparation of a detailed point design including life cycle costs and reliability analyses; (4) identification of those hybrid specific technologies needing improvement; and (5) preperation of a technology acquisition plan and large scale demonstration plan.

Simultaneous identification of multi-combustion-intermediates of alkanol-air flames by femtosecond filament excitation for combustion sensing.

PubMed

Li, Helong; Chu, Wei; Xu, Huailiang; Cheng, Ya; Chin, See-Leang; Yamanouchi, Kaoru; Sun, Hong-Bo

2016-06-02

Laser filamentation produced by the propagation of intense laser pulses in flames is opening up new possibility in application to combustion diagnostics that can provide useful information on understanding combustion processes, enhancing combustion efficiency and reducing pollutant products. Here we present simultaneous identification of multiple combustion intermediates by femtosecond filament excitation for five alkanol-air flames fueled by methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, and n-pentanol. We experimentally demonstrate that the intensities of filament-induced photoemission signals from the combustion intermediates C, C2, CH, CN increase with the increasing number of carbons in the fuel molecules, and the signal ratios between the intermediates (CH/C, CH/C2, CN/C, CH/C2, CN/CH) are different for different alkanol combustion flames. Our observation provides a way for sensing multiple combustion components by femtosecond filament excitation in various combustion conditions that strongly depend on the fuel species.

An assessment of the crash fire hazard of liquid hydrogen fueled aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

The crash fire hazards of liquid hydrogen fueled aircraft relative to those of mission equivalent aircraft fueled either with conventional fuel or with liquefied methane were evaluated. The aircraft evaluated were based on Lockheed Corporation design for 400 passenger, Mach 0.85, 5500 n. mile aircraft. Four crash scenarios were considered ranging from a minor incident causing some loss of fuel system integrity to a catastrophic crash. Major tasks included a review of hazardous properties of the alternate fuels and of historic crash fire data; a comparative hazard evluation for each of the three fuels under four crash scenarios a comprehensive review and analysis and an identification of areas further development work. The conclusion was that the crash fire hazards are not significantly different when compared in general for the three fuels, although some fuels showed minor advantages in one respect or another.

Recent GE BWR fuel experience and design evolution

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wood, J.E.; Potts, G.A.; Proebstle, R.A.

1992-01-01

Reliable fuel operation is essential to the safe, reliable, and economic power production by today's commercial nuclear reactors. GE Nuclear Energy is committed to maximize fuel reliability through the progressive development of improved fuel design features and dedication to provide the maximum quality of the design features and dedication to provide the maximum quality of the design, fabrication, and operation of GE BWR fuel. Over the last 35 years, GE has designed, fabricated, and placed in operation over 82,000 BWR fuel bundles containing over 5 million fuel rods. This experience includes successful commercial reactor operation of fuel assemblies to greatermore » than 45000 MWd/MTU bundle average exposure. This paper reports that this extensive experience base has enabled clear identification and characterization of the active failure mechanisms. With this failure mechanism characterization, mitigating actions have been developed and implemented by GE to provide the highest reliability BWR fuel bundles possible.« less

Fuel spill identification using solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction. 1. Aviation turbine fuels.

PubMed

Lavine, B K; Brzozowski, D M; Ritter, J; Moores, A J; Mayfield, H T

2001-12-01

The water-soluble fraction of aviation jet fuels is examined using solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction. Gas chromatographic profiles of solid-phase extracts and solid-phase microextracts of the water-soluble fraction of kerosene- and nonkerosene-based jet fuels reveal that each jet fuel possesses a unique profile. Pattern recognition analysis reveals fingerprint patterns within the data characteristic of fuel type. By using a novel genetic algorithm (GA) that emulates human pattern recognition through machine learning, it is possible to identify features characteristic of the chromatographic profile of each fuel class. The pattern recognition GA identifies a set of features that optimize the separation of the fuel classes in a plot of the two largest principal components of the data. Because principal components maximize variance, the bulk of the information encoded by the selected features is primarily about the differences between the fuel classes.

Mechanical Analog Approach to Parameter Estimation of Lateral Spacecraft Fuel Slosh

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chatman, Yadira; Gangadharan, Sathya; Schlee, Keith; Sudermann, James; Walker, Charles; Ristow, James; Hubert, Carl

2007-01-01

The nutation (wobble) of a spinning spacecraft in the presence of energy dissipation is a well-known problem in dynamics and is of particular concern for space missions. Even with modern computing systems, CFD type simulations are not fast enough to allow for large scale Monte Carlo analyses of spacecraft and launch vehicle dynamic behavior with slosh included. Simplified mechanical analogs for the slosh are preferred during the initial stages of design to reduce computational time and effort to evaluate the Nutation Time Constant (NTC). Analytic determination of the slosh analog parameters has met with mixed success and is made even more difficult by the introduction of propellant management devices such as elastomeric diaphragms. By subjecting full-sized fuel tanks with actual flight fuel loads to motion similar to that experienced in flight and measuring the forces experienced by the tanks, these parameters can be determined experimentally. Currently, the identification of the model parameters is a laborious trial-and-error process in which the hand-derived equations of motion for the mechanical analog are evaluated and their results compared with the experimental results. Of particular interest is the effect of diaphragms and bladders on the slosh dynamics and how best to model these devices. An experimental set-up is designed and built to include a diaphragm in the simulated spacecraft fuel tank subjected to lateral slosh. This research paper focuses on the parameter estimation of a SimMechanics model of the simulated spacecraft propellant tank with and without diaphragms using lateral fuel slosh experiments. Automating the parameter identification process will save time and thus allow earlier identification of potential vehicle problems.

Kerosene-induced asthma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rodriguez de la Vega, A.; Casaco, A.; Garcia, M.

1990-04-01

Clinical evaluation of 286 asthmatic women showed 15.5% of those who improved clinically had contact with kerosene, while 43.9% of those who failed to improve used kerosene as fuel for cooking. In 16 women the onset of asthma occurred soon after they began to use kerosene. Kerosene can cause and aggravate asthma.

Alternative Fuels Data Center

Science.gov Websites

in Nevada unless it is capable of operating in compliance with all applicable motor vehicle and traffic laws, it has been granted an exemption by the Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), and it system fails. Autonomous vehicles are motor vehicles equipped with technology that allows vehicle

40 CFR 85.1406 - Certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-use engine that is newly rebuilt to its original configuration. (b) Diesel test fuel. Federally... used is the heavy-duty engine Federal Test Procedure as set forth in the applicable portions of part 86... provide some level of particulate emission reduction, and will not cause the urban bus engine to fail to...

40 CFR 85.1406 - Certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-use engine that is newly rebuilt to its original configuration. (b) Diesel test fuel. Federally... used is the heavy-duty engine Federal Test Procedure as set forth in the applicable portions of part 86... provide some level of particulate emission reduction, and will not cause the urban bus engine to fail to...

40 CFR 85.1406 - Certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-use engine that is newly rebuilt to its original configuration. (b) Diesel test fuel. Federally... used is the heavy-duty engine Federal Test Procedure as set forth in the applicable portions of part 86... provide some level of particulate emission reduction, and will not cause the urban bus engine to fail to...

40 CFR 85.1406 - Certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...-use engine that is newly rebuilt to its original configuration. (b) Diesel test fuel. Federally... used is the heavy-duty engine Federal Test Procedure as set forth in the applicable portions of part 86... provide some level of particulate emission reduction, and will not cause the urban bus engine to fail to...

Failing Liberty 101

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Damon, William

2012-01-01

The author presents evidence of "glaring gaps in U.S. students' civic knowledge, motivation, and interest." From the inception of the United States through the mid-20th century, he writes, civic education was at the center of U.S. schooling. Since then, however, there has been a decline in civics instruction, fueled by increasing…

ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT ANALYSIS OF MANURE DIGESTER BIOGAS-POWERED FUEL CELLS FOR THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

EPA Science Inventory

Through the ages, innovation and technology have consistently driven humanity. From his first discoveries to his latest and most cunning technological schemes, man has never failed to produce tailored ideas at the forefront of historically demanding times. This era is lik...

Internal combustion engines for alcohol motor fuels: a compilation of background technical information

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Blaser, Richard

1980-11-01

This compilation, a draft training manual containing technical background information on internal combustion engines and alcohol motor fuel technologies, is presented in 3 parts. The first is a compilation of facts from the state of the art on internal combustion engine fuels and their characteristics and requisites and provides an overview of fuel sources, fuels technology and future projections for availability and alternatives. Part two compiles facts about alcohol chemistry, alcohol identification, production, and use, examines ethanol as spirit and as fuel, and provides an overview of modern evaluation of alcohols as motor fuels and of the characteristics of alcoholmore » fuels. The final section compiles cross references on the handling and combustion of fuels for I.C. engines, presents basic evaluations of events leading to the use of alcohols as motor fuels, reviews current applications of alcohols as motor fuels, describes the formulation of alcohol fuels for engines and engine and fuel handling hardware modifications for using alcohol fuels, and introduces the multifuel engines concept. (LCL)« less

Simulation shows that HLA-matched stem cell donors can remain unidentified in donor searches

PubMed Central

Sauter, Jürgen; Solloch, Ute V.; Giani, Anette S.; Hofmann, Jan A.; Schmidt, Alexander H.

2016-01-01

The heterogeneous nature of HLA information in real-life stem cell donor registries may hamper unrelated donor searches. It is even possible that fully HLA-matched donors with incomplete HLA information are not identified. In our simulation study, we estimated the probability of these unnecessarily failed donor searches. For that purpose, we carried out donor searches in several virtual donor registries. The registries differed by size, composition with respect to HLA typing levels, and genetic diversity. When up to three virtual HLA typing requests were allowed within donor searches, the share of unnecessarily failed donor searches ranged from 1.19% to 4.13%, thus indicating that non-identification of completely HLA-matched stem cell donors is a problem of practical relevance. The following donor registry characteristics were positively correlated with the share of unnecessarily failed donor searches: large registry size, high genetic diversity, and, most strongly correlated, large fraction of registered donors with incomplete HLA typing. Increasing the number of virtual HLA typing requests within donor searches up to ten had a smaller effect. It follows that the problem of donor non-identification can be substantially reduced by complete high-resolution HLA typing of potential donors. PMID:26876789

Simulation shows that HLA-matched stem cell donors can remain unidentified in donor searches

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sauter, Jürgen; Solloch, Ute V.; Giani, Anette S.; Hofmann, Jan A.; Schmidt, Alexander H.

2016-02-01

The heterogeneous nature of HLA information in real-life stem cell donor registries may hamper unrelated donor searches. It is even possible that fully HLA-matched donors with incomplete HLA information are not identified. In our simulation study, we estimated the probability of these unnecessarily failed donor searches. For that purpose, we carried out donor searches in several virtual donor registries. The registries differed by size, composition with respect to HLA typing levels, and genetic diversity. When up to three virtual HLA typing requests were allowed within donor searches, the share of unnecessarily failed donor searches ranged from 1.19% to 4.13%, thus indicating that non-identification of completely HLA-matched stem cell donors is a problem of practical relevance. The following donor registry characteristics were positively correlated with the share of unnecessarily failed donor searches: large registry size, high genetic diversity, and, most strongly correlated, large fraction of registered donors with incomplete HLA typing. Increasing the number of virtual HLA typing requests within donor searches up to ten had a smaller effect. It follows that the problem of donor non-identification can be substantially reduced by complete high-resolution HLA typing of potential donors.

On-line detection of key radionuclides for fuel-rod failure in a pressurized water reactor.

PubMed

Qin, Guoxiu; Chen, Xilin; Guo, Xiaoqing; Ni, Ning

2016-08-01

For early on-line detection of fuel rod failure, the key radionuclides useful in monitoring must leak easily from failing rods. Yield, half-life, and mass share of fission products that enter the primary coolant also need to be considered in on-line analyses. From all the nuclides that enter the primary coolant during fuel-rod failure, (135)Xe and (88)Kr were ultimately chosen as crucial for on-line monitoring of fuel-rod failure. A monitoring system for fuel-rod failure detection for pressurized water reactor (PWR) based on the LaBr3(Ce) detector was assembled and tested. The samples of coolant from the PWR were measured using the system as well as a HPGe γ-ray spectrometer. A comparison showed the method was feasible. Finally, the γ-ray spectra of primary coolant were measured under normal operations and during fuel-rod failure. The two peaks of (135)Xe (249.8keV) and (88)Kr (2392.1keV) were visible, confirming that the method is capable of monitoring fuel-rod failure on-line. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Checklist for transition to new highway fuel(s).

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Risch, C.; Santini, D.J.

2011-12-15

Transportation is vital to the U.S. economy and society. As such, U.S. Presidents have repeatedly stated that the nation needs to reduce dependence on petroleum, especially for the highway transportation sector. Throughout history, highway transportation fuel transitions have been completed successfully both in United States and abroad. Other attempts have failed, as described in Appendix A: Historical Highway Fuel Transitions. Planning for a transition is critical because the changes can affect our nation's ability to compete in the world market. A transition will take many years to complete. While it is tempting to make quick decisions about the new fuel(s)more » of choice, it is preferable and necessary to analyze all the pertinent criteria to ensure that correct decisions are made. Doing so will reduce the number of changes in highway fuel(s). Obviously, changes may become necessary because of occurrences such as significant technology breakthroughs or major world events. With any and all of the possible transitions to new fuel(s), the total replacement of gasoline and diesel fuels is not expected. These conventional fuels are envisioned to coexist with the new fuel(s) for decades, while the revised fuel and vehicle infrastructures are implemented. The transition process must analyze the needs of the primary 'players,' which consist of the customers, the government, the fuel industry, and the automotive industry. To maximize the probability of future successes, the prime considerations of these groups must be addressed. Section 2 presents a succinct outline of the Checklist. Section 3 provides a brief discussion about the groupings on the Checklist.« less

40 CFR 52.1170 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... compounds form existing automobile, truck, and business machine plastic part coating lines 4/27/93 9/7/94... Continuous emission monitoring, fossil fuel-fired steam generators 3/19/02 6/1/06, 71 FR 31093 R 336.2102... 336.2175 Data reduction procedures for fossil fuel-fired steam generators 11/15/04 6/1/06, 71 FR 31093...

40 CFR 52.1170 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... compounds form existing automobile, truck, and business machine plastic part coating lines 4/27/93 9/7/94... Continuous emission monitoring, fossil fuel-fired steam generators 3/19/02 6/1/06, 71 FR 31093 R 336.2102... 336.2175 Data reduction procedures for fossil fuel-fired steam generators 11/15/04 6/1/06, 71 FR 31093...

40 CFR 52.1170 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... compounds form existing automobile, truck, and business machine plastic part coating lines 4/27/93 9/7/94... Continuous emission monitoring, fossil fuel-fired steam generators 3/19/02 6/1/06, 71 FR 31093 R 336.2102... 336.2175 Data reduction procedures for fossil fuel-fired steam generators 11/15/04 6/1/06, 71 FR 31093...

40 CFR 52.1170 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... compounds form existing automobile, truck, and business machine plastic part coating lines 4/27/93 9/7/94... Continuous emission monitoring, fossil fuel-fired steam generators 3/19/02 6/1/06, 71 FR 31093 R 336.2102... 336.2175 Data reduction procedures for fossil fuel-fired steam generators 11/15/04 6/1/06, 71 FR 31093...

40 CFR 52.1920 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Allowable particulate matter emission rates from combined wood fuel and fossil fuel fired steam generating... 7709 Subsection (o) only. 595:20-3-42 Responsibility for signs, forms, etc. 05/26/1994 02/29/1996 61 FR... 05/26/1994 02/29/1996 61 FR 7709 Subsection (a) only. 595:20-7-3 Rejection receipt—Form VID 44 05/26...

40 CFR 52.1920 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Allowable particulate matter emission rates from combined wood fuel and fossil fuel fired steam generating... 7709 Subsection (o) only. 595:20-3-42 Responsibility for signs, forms, etc. 05/26/1994 02/29/1996 61 FR... 05/26/1994 02/29/1996 61 FR 7709 Subsection (a) only. 595:20-7-3 Rejection receipt—Form VID 44 05/26...

40 CFR 52.1170 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... compounds form existing automobile, truck, and business machine plastic part coating lines 4/27/93 9/7/94... Continuous emission monitoring, fossil fuel-fired steam generators 3/19/02 6/1/06, 71 FR 31093 R 336.2102... 336.2175 Data reduction procedures for fossil fuel-fired steam generators 11/15/04 6/1/06, 71 FR 31093...

40 CFR 52.2020 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to... Subchapter A—Portable Fuel Containers Section 130.101 Applicability 10/5/02 12/8/04, 69 FR 70893 (c)(229... for portable fuel containers and spill-proof spouts 10/5/02 12/8/04, 69 FR 70893 (c)(229). Section 130...

40 CFR 52.1070 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Burning Equipment 11/11/02 8/6/03, 68 FR 46487 (c)(181). 26.11.06.06 Volatile Organic Compounds 9/22/97 5... a State effective date of 5/8/95 [(c)(182)(i)(C)]. 26.11.06.10 Refuse Burning Prohibited in Certain....11.09Control of Fuel Burning Equipment, Stationary Internal Combustion Engines, and Certain Fuel...

Clutter Identification Using Electromagnetic Survey Data

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-07-01

for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE JUL 2013 2 . REPORT... 2 2.0 Technology... 2 2.1 Technology Description .................................................................................................. 2 2.2

Unaware person recognition from the body when face identification fails.

PubMed

Rice, Allyson; Phillips, P Jonathon; Natu, Vaidehi; An, Xiaobo; O'Toole, Alice J

2013-11-01

How does one recognize a person when face identification fails? Here, we show that people rely on the body but are unaware of doing so. State-of-the-art face-recognition algorithms were used to select images of people with almost no useful identity information in the face. Recognition of the face alone in these cases was near chance level, but recognition of the person was accurate. Accuracy in identifying the person without the face was identical to that in identifying the whole person. Paradoxically, people reported relying heavily on facial features over noninternal face and body features in making their identity decisions. Eye movements indicated otherwise, with gaze duration and fixations shifting adaptively toward the body and away from the face when the body was a better indicator of identity than the face. This shift occurred with no cost to accuracy or response time. Human identity processing may be partially inaccessible to conscious awareness.

Developing RCM Strategy for Hydrogen Fuel Cells Utilizing On Line E-Condition Monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baglee, D.; Knowles, M. J.

2012-05-01

Fuel cell vehicles are considered to be a viable solution to problems such as carbon emissions and fuel shortages for road transport. Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells are mainly used in this purpose because they can run at low temperatures and have a simple structure. Yet high maintenance costs and the inherent dangers of maintaining equipment using hydrogen are two main issues which need to be addressed. The development of appropriate and efficient strategies is currently lacking with regard to fuel cell maintenance. A Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) approach offers considerable benefit to the management of fuel cell maintenance since it includes an identification and consideration of the impact of critical components. Technological developments in e-maintenance systems, radio-frequency identification (RFID) and personal digital assistants (PDAs) have proven to satisfy the increasing demand for improved reliability, efficiency and safety. RFID technology is used to store and remotely retrieve electronic maintenance data in order to provide instant access to up-to-date, accurate and detailed information. The aim is to support fuel cell maintenance decisions by developing and applying a blend of leading-edge communications and sensor technology including RFID. The purpose of this paper is to review and present the state of the art in fuel cell condition monitoring and maintenance utilizing RCM and RFID technologies. Using an RCM analysis critical components and fault modes are identified. RFID tags are used to store the critical information, possible faults and their cause and effect. The relationship between causes, faults, symptoms and long term implications of fault conditions are summarized. Finally conclusions are drawn regarding suggested maintenance strategies and the optimal structure for an integrated, cost effective condition monitoring and maintenance management system.

Issues in the use of Weapons-Grade MOX Fuel in VVER-1000 Nuclear Reactors: Comparison of UO2 and MOX Fuels

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carbajo, J.J.

2005-05-27

The purpose of this report is to quantify the differences between mixed oxide (MOX) and low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuels and to assess in reasonable detail the potential impacts of MOX fuel use in VVER-1000 nuclear power plants in Russia. This report is a generic tool to assist in the identification of plant modifications that may be required to accommodate receiving, storing, handling, irradiating, and disposing of MOX fuel in VVER-1000 reactors. The report is based on information from work performed by Russian and U.S. institutions. The report quantifies each issue, and the differences between LEU and MOX fuels are describedmore » as accurately as possible, given the current sources of data.« less

KSC-05PD-1587

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. Patricia Slinger (left), a test engineer, and Monica Hagley, an avionics test engineer, look at a replacement orbiter point sensor chassis. Components are being tested to determine why one of the four liquid hydrogen tank low- level fuel cut-off sensors failed in a routine prelaunch check during the launch countdown July 13. The failure caused mission managers to scrub Discovery's first launch attempt. The sensor protects the Shuttle's main engines by triggering their shutdown in the event fuel runs unexpectedly low. The sensor is one of four inside the liquid hydrogen section of the External Tank (ET).

KSC-05PD-1575

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. The gate is open to Launch Pad 39B where Space Shuttle Discovery remains on the pad after scrub of Return to Flight mission STS-114. The July 13 mission was scrubbed when a low-level fuel cut-off sensor for the liquid hydrogen tank inside the External Tank failed a routine prelaunch check during the countdown July 13, causing mission managers to scrub Discovery's first launch attempt. The sensor protects the Shuttle's main engines by triggering their shutdown in the event fuel runs unexpectedly low. The sensor is one of four inside the liquid hydrogen section of the External Tank (ET).

KSC-05PD-1585

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. On the table is a mother board with electronic components that could be used in a spare orbiter point sensor chassis. Faulty readings in the liquid hydrogen tank low- level fuel cut-off sensor are being investigated because one of the four sensors failed a routine prelaunch check during the launch countdown July 13, causing mission managers to scrub Discovery's first launch attempt. The sensor protects the Shuttle's main engines by triggering their shutdown in the event fuel runs unexpectedly low. The sensor is one of four inside the liquid hydrogen section of the External Tank (ET).

Predicting failing performance on a standardized patient clinical performance examination: the importance of communication and professionalism skills deficits.

PubMed

Chang, Anna; Boscardin, Christy; Chou, Calvin L; Loeser, Helen; Hauer, Karen E

2009-10-01

The purpose is to determine which assessment measures identify medical students at risk of failing a clinical performance examination (CPX). Retrospective case-control, multiyear design, contingency table analysis, n = 149. We identified two predictors of CPX failure in patient-physician interaction skills: low clerkship ratings (odds ratio 1.79, P = .008) and student progress review for communication or professionalism concerns (odds ratio 2.64, P = .002). No assessments predicted CPX failure in clinical skills. Performance concerns in communication and professionalism identify students at risk of failing the patient-physician interaction portion of a CPX. This correlation suggests that both faculty and standardized patients can detect noncognitive traits predictive of failing performance. Early identification of these students may allow for development of a structured supplemental curriculum with increased opportunities for practice and feedback. The lack of predictors in the clinical skills portion suggests limited faculty observation or feedback.

Solid oxide fuel cell matrix and modules

DOEpatents

Riley, B.

1988-04-22

Porous refractory ceramic blocks arranged in an abutting, stacked configuration and forming a three dimensional array provide a support structure and coupling means for a plurality of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The stack of ceramic blocks is self-supporting, with a plurality of such stacked arrays forming a matrix enclosed in an insulating refractory brick structure having an outer steel layer. The necessary connections for air, fuel, burnt gas, and anode and cathode connections are provided through the brick and steel outer shell. The ceramic blocks are so designed with respect to the strings of modules that by simple and logical design the strings could be replaced by hot reloading if one should fail. The hot reloading concept has not been included in any previous designs. 11 figs.

Evaluation of two matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) systems for the identification of Candida species.

PubMed

Lacroix, C; Gicquel, A; Sendid, B; Meyer, J; Accoceberry, I; François, N; Morio, F; Desoubeaux, G; Chandenier, J; Kauffmann-Lacroix, C; Hennequin, C; Guitard, J; Nassif, X; Bougnoux, M-E

2014-02-01

Candida spp. are responsible for severe infections in immunocompromised patients and those undergoing invasive procedures. The accurate identification of Candida species is important because emerging species can be associated with various antifungal susceptibility spectra. Conventional methods have been developed to identify the most common pathogens, but have often failed to identify uncommon species. Several studies have reported the efficiency of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for the identification of clinically relevant Candida species. In this study, we evaluated two commercially available MALDI-TOF systems, Andromas™ and Bruker Biotyper™, for Candida identification in routine diagnosis. For this purpose, we investigated 1383 Candida isolates prospectively collected in eight hospital laboratories during routine practice. MALDI-TOF MS results were compared with those obtained using conventional phenotypic methods. Analysis of rDNA gene sequences with internal transcribed regions or D1-D2 regions is considered the reference standard for identification. Both MALDI-TOF MS systems could accurately identify 98.3% of the isolates at the species level (1359/1383 for Andromas™; 1360/1383 for Bruker Biotyper™) vs. 96.5% for conventional techniques. Furthermore, whereas conventional methods failed to identify rare or emerging species, these were correctly identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Both MALDI-TOF MS systems are accurate and cost-effective alternatives to conventional methods for mycological identification of clinically relevant Candida species and should improve the diagnosis of fungal infections as well as patient management. © 2013 The Authors Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2013 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

Rocket Fuel R and D at AFRL: Recent Activities and Future Direction

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-04-12

Clearance Number 17163 Rocket Cycles and Environments SpaceX Merlin 1D 190 klbf Russian RD-180 860 klbf Gas Generator Cycle Ox-Rich Staged Combustion...affordability & reusability • Modeling & Simulation • Key to development • Requires accurate models “CFD simulations… shorten the test-fail-fix loop” SpaceX

40 CFR 52.1920 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... from combined wood fuel and fossil fuel fired steam generating units 6/1/2000 12/29/2008, 73 FR 79400... 05/26/1994 02/29/1996 61 FR 7709 Subsection (o) only. 595:20-3-42 Responsibility for signs, forms... Rejection receipt—Form VID 44 05/26/1994 02/29/1996 61 FR 7709 595:20-7-4 Station monthly report—Form VID 21...

40 CFR 52.1920 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... from combined wood fuel and fossil fuel fired steam generating units 6/1/2000 12/29/2008, 73 FR 79400... 05/26/1994 02/29/1996 61 FR 7709 Subsection (o) only. 595:20-3-42 Responsibility for signs, forms... Rejection receipt—Form VID 44 05/26/1994 02/29/1996 61 FR 7709 595:20-7-4 Station monthly report—Form VID 21...

40 CFR 52.1920 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... from combined wood fuel and fossil fuel fired steam generating units 6/1/2000 12/29/2008, 73 FR 79400... 05/26/1994 02/29/1996 61 FR 7709 Subsection (o) only. 595:20-3-42 Responsibility for signs, forms... Rejection receipt—Form VID 44 05/26/1994 02/29/1996 61 FR 7709 595:20-7-4 Station monthly report—Form VID 21...

Modeling and Parameter Estimation of Spacecraft Fuel Slosh with Diaphragms Using Pendulum Analogs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chatman, Yadira; Gangadharan, Sathya; Schlee, Keith; Ristow, James; Suderman, James; Walker, Charles; Hubert, Carl

2007-01-01

Prediction and control of liquid slosh in moving containers is an important consideration in the design of spacecraft and launch vehicle control systems. Even with modern computing systems, CFD type simulations are not fast enough to allow for large scale Monte Carlo analyses of spacecraft and launch vehicle dynamic behavior with slosh included. It is still desirable to use some type of simplified mechanical analog for the slosh to shorten computation time. Analytic determination of the slosh analog parameters has met with mixed success and is made even more difficult by the introduction of propellant management devices such as elastomeric diaphragms. By subjecting full-sized fuel tanks with actual flight fuel loads to motion similar to that experienced in flight and measuring the forces experienced by the tanks, these parameters can be determined experimentally. Currently, the identification of the model parameters is a laborious trial-and-error process in which the hand-derived equations of motion for the mechanical analog are evaluated and their results compared with the experimental results. This paper will describe efforts by the university component of a team comprised of NASA's Launch Services Program, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Southwest Research Institute and Hubert Astronautics to improve the accuracy and efficiency of modeling techniques used to predict these types of motions. Of particular interest is the effect of diaphragms and bladders on the slosh dynamics and how best to model these devices. The previous research was an effort to automate the process of slosh model parameter identification using a MATLAB/SimMechanics-based computer simulation. These results are the first step in applying the same computer estimation to a full-size tank and vehicle propulsion system. The introduction of diaphragms to this experimental set-up will aid in a better and more complete prediction of fuel slosh characteristics and behavior. Automating the parameter identification process will save time and thus allow earlier identification of potential vehicle performance problems.

Optimisation of air cooled, open-cathode fuel cells: Current of lowest resistance and electro-thermal performance mapping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meyer, Quentin; Ronaszegi, Krisztian; Pei-June, Gan; Curnick, Oliver; Ashton, Sean; Reisch, Tobias; Adcock, Paul; Shearing, Paul R.; Brett, Daniel J. L.

2015-09-01

Selecting the ideal operating point for a fuel cell depends on the application and consequent trade-off between efficiency, power density and various operating considerations. A systematic methodology for determining the optimal operating point for fuel cells is lacking; there is also the need for a single-value metric to describe and compare fuel cell performance. This work shows how the 'current of lowest resistance' can be accurately measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and used as a useful metric of fuel cell performance. This, along with other measures, is then used to generate an 'electro-thermal performance map' of fuel cell operation. A commercial air-cooled open-cathode fuel cell is used to demonstrate how the approach can be used; in this case leading to the identification of the optimum operating temperature of ∼45 °C.

A Brief Literature Overview of Various Routes to Biorenewable Fuels from Lipids for the National Alliance for Advanced Biofuels and Bio-products (NAABB) Consortium

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Albrecht, Karl O.; Hallen, Richard T.

2011-03-29

Renewable methods of producing transportation fuels are currently the focus of numerous large research efforts across the globe. Renewable fuel produced from algal lipids is one aspect of this research that could have profound implications on future transportation fuel requirements. However, technical challenges remain in several areas of algal-lipid-based fuels. These challenges include the identification and development of robust and productive algal species as well as extraction methods to recover the produced lipids. Not the least of these technical challenges is the conversion of the algae lipids to fungible fuels. This brief literature review focuses primarily on state-of-the-art “downstream” applicationsmore » of producing fuel from fats and lipids, which can be applied to ongoing research with algae-derived lipids.« less

Accurate Identification of Cancerlectins through Hybrid Machine Learning Technology.

PubMed

Zhang, Jieru; Ju, Ying; Lu, Huijuan; Xuan, Ping; Zou, Quan

2016-01-01

Cancerlectins are cancer-related proteins that function as lectins. They have been identified through computational identification techniques, but these techniques have sometimes failed to identify proteins because of sequence diversity among the cancerlectins. Advanced machine learning identification methods, such as support vector machine and basic sequence features (n-gram), have also been used to identify cancerlectins. In this study, various protein fingerprint features and advanced classifiers, including ensemble learning techniques, were utilized to identify this group of proteins. We improved the prediction accuracy of the original feature extraction methods and classification algorithms by more than 10% on average. Our work provides a basis for the computational identification of cancerlectins and reveals the power of hybrid machine learning techniques in computational proteomics.

Simultaneous identification of multi-combustion-intermediates of alkanol-air flames by femtosecond filament excitation for combustion sensing

PubMed Central

Li, Helong; Chu, Wei; Xu, Huailiang; Cheng, Ya; Chin, See-Leang; Yamanouchi, Kaoru; Sun, Hong-Bo

2016-01-01

Laser filamentation produced by the propagation of intense laser pulses in flames is opening up new possibility in application to combustion diagnostics that can provide useful information on understanding combustion processes, enhancing combustion efficiency and reducing pollutant products. Here we present simultaneous identification of multiple combustion intermediates by femtosecond filament excitation for five alkanol-air flames fueled by methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, and n-pentanol. We experimentally demonstrate that the intensities of filament-induced photoemission signals from the combustion intermediates C, C2, CH, CN increase with the increasing number of carbons in the fuel molecules, and the signal ratios between the intermediates (CH/C, CH/C2, CN/C, CH/C2, CN/CH) are different for different alkanol combustion flames. Our observation provides a way for sensing multiple combustion components by femtosecond filament excitation in various combustion conditions that strongly depend on the fuel species. PMID:27250021

Benefits of utilizing CellProfiler as a characterization tool for U–10Mo nuclear fuel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Collette, R.; Douglas, J.; Patterson, L.

2015-07-15

Automated image processing techniques have the potential to aid in the performance evaluation of nuclear fuels by eliminating judgment calls that may vary from person-to-person or sample-to-sample. Analysis of in-core fuel performance is required for design and safety evaluations related to almost every aspect of the nuclear fuel cycle. This study presents a methodology for assessing the quality of uranium–molybdenum fuel images and describes image analysis routines designed for the characterization of several important microstructural properties. The analyses are performed in CellProfiler, an open-source program designed to enable biologists without training in computer vision or programming to automatically extract cellularmore » measurements from large image sets. The quality metric scores an image based on three parameters: the illumination gradient across the image, the overall focus of the image, and the fraction of the image that contains scratches. The metric presents the user with the ability to ‘pass’ or ‘fail’ an image based on a reproducible quality score. Passable images may then be characterized through a separate CellProfiler pipeline, which enlists a variety of common image analysis techniques. The results demonstrate the ability to reliably pass or fail images based on the illumination, focus, and scratch fraction of the image, followed by automatic extraction of morphological data with respect to fission gas voids, interaction layers, and grain boundaries. - Graphical abstract: Display Omitted - Highlights: • A technique is developed to score U–10Mo FIB-SEM image quality using CellProfiler. • The pass/fail metric is based on image illumination, focus, and area scratched. • Automated image analysis is performed in pipeline fashion to characterize images. • Fission gas void, interaction layer, and grain boundary coverage data is extracted. • Preliminary characterization results demonstrate consistency of the algorithm.« less

The chemical state of defective uranium-plutonium oxide fuel pins irradiated in sodium cooled reactors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kleykamp, H.

1997-09-01

Steady-state irradiation experiments were conducted in the sodium loop of the Siloe reactor on artificially failed mixed oxide pins that had been pre-irradiated in fast reactors up to 11.5% burnup. The formation of the predominant reaction product Na 3(U,Pu)O 4 starts on the fuel surface and is terminated when a lower O/(U + Pu) threshold of the fuel is attained. The axial extent of the reaction product depends on the size of the initial cladding defect. The occurrence of secondary cracks is possible. Na(U,Pu)O 3 forms at higher fuel temperatures. The existence of Na 3U 1- xPu xO 4 is shown in pre-irradiated blanket pins after artificial defect formation. Caesium in the oxocompounds is reduced to the metallic state and is dissolved in the coolant. Evidence of a very low chemical potential of oxygen in defective fuel pins is sustained by the occurrence of actinide-platinum metal phases formed by coupled reduction of hypostoichiometric fuel with ɛ-(Mo,Tc,Ru,Rh,Pd) precipitates. Continued operation of defective pins is not hazardous by easy precautions.

Determination of Combustion Product Radicals in a Hydrocarbon Fueled Rocket Exhaust Plume

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Langford, Lester A.; Allgood, Daniel C.; Junell, Justin C.

2007-01-01

The identification of metallic effluent materials in a rocket engine exhaust plume indicates the health of the engine. Since 1989, emission spectroscopy of the plume of the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) has been used for ground testing at NASA's Stennis Space Center (SSC). This technique allows the identification and quantification of alloys from the metallic elements observed in the plume. With the prospect of hydrocarbon-fueled rocket engines, such as Rocket Propellant 1 (RP-1) or methane (CH4) fueled engines being considered for use in future space flight systems, the contributions of intermediate or final combustion products resulting from the hydrocarbon fuels are of great interest. The effect of several diatomic molecular radicals, such as Carbon Dioxide , Carbon Monoxide, Molecular Carbon, Methylene Radical, Cyanide or Cyano Radical, and Nitric Oxide, needs to be identified and the effects of their band systems on the spectral region from 300 nm to 850 nm determined. Hydrocarbon-fueled rocket engines will play a prominent role in future space exploration programs. Although hydrogen fuel provides for higher engine performance, hydrocarbon fuels are denser, safer to handle, and less costly. For hydrocarbon-fueled engines using RP-1 or CH4 , the plume is different from a hydrogen fueled engine due to the presence of several other species, such as CO2, C2, CO, CH, CN, and NO, in the exhaust plume, in addition to the standard H2O and OH. These species occur as intermediate or final combustion products or as a result of mixing of the hot plume with the atmosphere. Exhaust plume emission spectroscopy has emerged as a comprehensive non-intrusive sensing technology which can be applied to a wide variety of engine performance conditions with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Stennis Space Center researchers have been in the forefront of advancing experimental techniques and developing theoretical approaches in order to bring this technology to a more mature stage.

Comparing extraction rates of fossil fuel producers against global climate goals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rekker, Saphira A. C.; O'Brien, Katherine R.; Humphrey, Jacquelyn E.; Pascale, Andrew C.

2018-06-01

Meeting global and national climate goals requires action and cooperation from a multitude of actors1,2. Current methods to define greenhouse gas emission targets for companies fail to acknowledge the unique influence of fossil fuel producers: combustion of reported fossil fuel reserves has the potential to push global warming above 2 °C by 2050, regardless of other efforts to mitigate climate change3. Here, we introduce a method to compare the extraction rates of individual fossil fuel producers against global climate targets, using two different approaches to quantify a burnable fossil fuel allowance (BFFA). BFFAs are calculated and compared with cumulative extraction since 2010 for the world's ten largest investor-owned companies and ten largest state-owned entities (SOEs), for oil and for gas, which together account for the majority of global oil and gas reserves and production. The results are strongly influenced by how BFFAs are quantified; allocating based on reserves favours SOEs over investor-owned companies, while allocating based on production would require most reduction to come from SOEs. Future research could refine the BFFA to account for equity, cost-effectiveness and emissions intensity.

Four-point Bend Testing of Irradiated Monolithic U-10Mo Fuel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rabin, B. H.; Lloyd, W. R.; Schulthess, J. L.

2015-03-01

This paper presents results of recently completed studies aimed at characterizing the mechanical properties of irradiated U-10Mo fuel in support of monolithic base fuel qualification. Mechanical properties were evaluated in four-point bending. Specimens were taken from fuel plates irradiated in the RERTR-12 and AFIP-6 Mk. II irradiation campaigns, and tests were conducted in the Hot Fuel Examination Facility (HFEF) at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). The monolithic fuel plates consist of a U-10Mo fuel meat covered with a Zr diffusion barrier layer fabricated by co-rolling, clad in 6061 Al using a hot isostatic press (HIP) bonding process. Specimens exhibited nominal (fresh)more » fuel meat thickness ranging from 0.25 mm to 0.64 mm, and fuel plate average burnup ranged from approximately 0.4 x 1021 fissions/cm 3 to 6.0 x 1021 fissions/cm 3. After sectioning the fuel plates, the 6061 Al cladding was removed by dissolution in concentrated NaOH. Pre- and post-dissolution dimensional inspections were conducted on test specimens to facilitate accurate analysis of bend test results. Four-point bend testing was conducted on the HFEF Remote Load Frame at a crosshead speed of 0.1 mm/min using custom-designed test fixtures and calibrated load cells. All specimens exhibited substantially linear elastic behavior and failed in a brittle manner. The influence of burnup on the observed slope of the stress-strain curve and the calculated fracture strength is discussed.« less

STRESSOR IDENTIFICATION: TECHNICAL GUIDANCE DOCUMENT

EPA Science Inventory

Since the inception of the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972, the rivers, lakes, estuaries, and wetlands of the United States have indeed become cleaner. The standard for meassuring these improvements are both chemical and biological. Yet, we know that many waterbodies still fail to ...

Identification, analysis, and remedial treatment of low guardrail in Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-01-01

Guardrails that are too low may fail to safely redirect errant vehicles; instead, the vehicles may vault the guardrails, resulting in severe accidents. An analysis of data on a small sample of guardrails throughout-Virginia showed that over 80% of th...

New Materialist Approaches to the Study of Language and Identity: Assembling the Posthuman Subject

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Freitas, Elizabeth; Curinga, Matthew X.

2015-01-01

Emphasis on discourse and language-use has fueled the study of identity in education over the last few decades. This paper argues that these approaches fail to fully account for the complex materiality of life, and should be supplemented by new materialist tools for studying language "as material". This new materialist approach considers…

Teach Your Students to Fail Better with Design Thinking

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Long, Christian

2012-01-01

Design thinking is about using design to improve the human experience. It combines collaboration, systems thinking, and a balance of creative and analytical habits. It also fuels what the students want for themselves: making an impact on the real world in real time and having adults take their passions seriously. The process essentially comes down…

Comparison of fission product release predictions using PARFUME with results from the AGR-1 safety tests

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Collin, Blaise P.; Petti, David A.; Demkowicz, Paul A.

Safety tests were conducted on fuel compacts from AGR-1, the first irradiation experiment of the Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) Fuel Development and Qualification program, at temperatures ranging from 1600 to 1800 °C to determine fission product release at temperatures that bound reactor accident conditions. The PARFUME (PARticle FUel ModEl) code was used to predict the release of fission products silver, cesium, strontium, and krypton from fuel compacts containing tristructural isotropic (TRISO) coated particles during 15 of these safety tests. Comparisons between PARFUME predictions and post-irradiation examination results of the safety tests were conducted on two types of AGR-1 compacts: compactsmore » containing only intact particles and compacts containing one or more particles whose SiC layers failed during safety testing. In both cases, PARFUME globally over-predicted the experimental release fractions by several orders of magnitude: more than three (intact) and two (failed SiC) orders of magnitude for silver, more than three and up to two orders of magnitude for strontium, and up to two and more than one orders of magnitude for krypton. The release of cesium from intact particles was also largely over-predicted (by up to five orders of magnitude) but its release from particles with failed SiC was only over-predicted by a factor of about 3. These over-predictions can be largely attributed to an over-estimation of the diffusivities used in the modeling of fission product transport in TRISO-coated particles. The integral release nature of the data makes it difficult to estimate the individual over-estimations in the kernel or each coating layer. Nevertheless, a tentative assessment of correction factors to these diffusivities was performed to enable a better match between the modeling predictions and the safety testing results. The method could only be successfully applied to silver and cesium. In the case of strontium, correction factors could not be assessed because potential release during the safety tests could not be distinguished from matrix content released during irradiation. Furthermore, in the case of krypton, all the coating layers are partly retentive and the available data did not allow the level of retention in individual layers to be determined, hence preventing derivation of any correction factors.« less

Comparison of fission product release predictions using PARFUME with results from the AGR-1 safety tests

DOE PAGES

Collin, Blaise P.; Petti, David A.; Demkowicz, Paul A.; ...

2016-04-07

Safety tests were conducted on fuel compacts from AGR-1, the first irradiation experiment of the Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) Fuel Development and Qualification program, at temperatures ranging from 1600 to 1800 °C to determine fission product release at temperatures that bound reactor accident conditions. The PARFUME (PARticle FUel ModEl) code was used to predict the release of fission products silver, cesium, strontium, and krypton from fuel compacts containing tristructural isotropic (TRISO) coated particles during 15 of these safety tests. Comparisons between PARFUME predictions and post-irradiation examination results of the safety tests were conducted on two types of AGR-1 compacts: compactsmore » containing only intact particles and compacts containing one or more particles whose SiC layers failed during safety testing. In both cases, PARFUME globally over-predicted the experimental release fractions by several orders of magnitude: more than three (intact) and two (failed SiC) orders of magnitude for silver, more than three and up to two orders of magnitude for strontium, and up to two and more than one orders of magnitude for krypton. The release of cesium from intact particles was also largely over-predicted (by up to five orders of magnitude) but its release from particles with failed SiC was only over-predicted by a factor of about 3. These over-predictions can be largely attributed to an over-estimation of the diffusivities used in the modeling of fission product transport in TRISO-coated particles. The integral release nature of the data makes it difficult to estimate the individual over-estimations in the kernel or each coating layer. Nevertheless, a tentative assessment of correction factors to these diffusivities was performed to enable a better match between the modeling predictions and the safety testing results. The method could only be successfully applied to silver and cesium. In the case of strontium, correction factors could not be assessed because potential release during the safety tests could not be distinguished from matrix content released during irradiation. Furthermore, in the case of krypton, all the coating layers are partly retentive and the available data did not allow the level of retention in individual layers to be determined, hence preventing derivation of any correction factors.« less

The Statistical Analysis Techniques to Support the NGNP Fuel Performance Experiments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bihn T. Pham; Jeffrey J. Einerson

2010-06-01

This paper describes the development and application of statistical analysis techniques to support the AGR experimental program on NGNP fuel performance. The experiments conducted in the Idaho National Laboratory’s Advanced Test Reactor employ fuel compacts placed in a graphite cylinder shrouded by a steel capsule. The tests are instrumented with thermocouples embedded in graphite blocks and the target quantity (fuel/graphite temperature) is regulated by the He-Ne gas mixture that fills the gap volume. Three techniques for statistical analysis, namely control charting, correlation analysis, and regression analysis, are implemented in the SAS-based NGNP Data Management and Analysis System (NDMAS) for automatedmore » processing and qualification of the AGR measured data. The NDMAS also stores daily neutronic (power) and thermal (heat transfer) code simulation results along with the measurement data, allowing for their combined use and comparative scrutiny. The ultimate objective of this work includes (a) a multi-faceted system for data monitoring and data accuracy testing, (b) identification of possible modes of diagnostics deterioration and changes in experimental conditions, (c) qualification of data for use in code validation, and (d) identification and use of data trends to support effective control of test conditions with respect to the test target. Analysis results and examples given in the paper show the three statistical analysis techniques providing a complementary capability to warn of thermocouple failures. It also suggests that the regression analysis models relating calculated fuel temperatures and thermocouple readings can enable online regulation of experimental parameters (i.e. gas mixture content), to effectively maintain the target quantity (fuel temperature) within a given range.« less

A review of inherent safety characteristics of metal alloy sodium-cooled fast reactor fuel against postulated accidents

DOE PAGES

Sofu, Tanju

2015-04-01

The thermal, mechanical, and neutronic performance of the metal alloy fast reactor fuel design complements the safety advantages of the liquid metal cooling and the pool-type primary system. Together, these features provide large safety margins in both normal operating modes and for a wide range of postulated accidents. In particular, they maximize the measures of safety associated with inherent reactor response to unprotected, double-fault accidents, and to minimize risk to the public and plant investment. High thermal conductivity and high gap conductance play the most significant role in safety advantages of the metallic fuel, resulting in a flatter radial temperaturemore » profile within the pin and much lower normal operation and transient temperatures in comparison to oxide fuel. Despite the big difference in melting point, both oxide and metal fuels have a relatively similar margin to melting during postulated accidents. When the metal fuel cladding fails, it typically occurs below the coolant boiling point and the damaged fuel pins remain coolable. Metal fuel is compatible with sodium coolant, eliminating the potential of energetic fuel--coolant reactions and flow blockages. All these, and the low retained heat leading to a longer grace period for operator action, are significant contributing factors to the inherently benign response of metallic fuel to postulated accidents. This paper summarizes the past analytical and experimental results obtained in past sodium-cooled fast reactor safety programs in the United States, and presents an overview of fuel safety performance as observed in laboratory and in-pile tests.« less

A review of inherent safety characteristics of metal alloy sodium-cooled fast reactor fuel against postulated accidents

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sofu, Tanju

2015-04-01

The thermal, mechanical, and neutronic performance of the metal alloy fast reactor fuel design complements the safety advantages of the liquid metal cooling and the pool-type primary system. Together, these features provide large safety margins in both normal operating modes and for a wide range of postulated accidents. In particular, they maximize the measures of safety associated with inherent reactor response to unprotected, double-fault accidents, and to minimize risk to the public and plant investment. High thermal conductivity and high gap conductance play the most significant role in safety advantages of the metallic fuel, resulting in a flatter radial temperaturemore » profile within the pin and much lower normal operation and transient temperatures in comparison to oxide fuel. Despite the big difference in melting point, both oxide and metal fuels have a relatively similar margin to melting during postulated accidents. When the metal fuel cladding fails, it typically occurs below the coolant boiling point and the damaged fuel pins remain cool-able. Metal fuel is compatible with sodium coolant, eliminating the potential of energetic fuel coolant reactions and flow blockages. All these, and the low retained heat leading to a longer grace period for operator action, are significant contributing factors to the inherently benign response of metallic fuel to postulated accidents. This paper summarizes the past analytical and experimental results obtained in past sodium-cooled fast reactor safety programs in the United States, and presents an overview of fuel safety performance as observed in laboratory and in-pile tests.« less

Accelerating chronically unresponsive children to tier 3 instruction: what level of data is necessary to ensure selection accuracy?

PubMed

Compton, Donald L; Gilbert, Jennifer K; Jenkins, Joseph R; Fuchs, Douglas; Fuchs, Lynn S; Cho, Eunsoo; Barquero, Laura A; Bouton, Bobette

2012-01-01

Response-to-intervention (RTI) approaches to disability identification are meant to put an end to the so-called wait-to-fail requirement associated with IQ discrepancy. However, in an unfortunate irony, there is a group of children who wait to fail in RTI frameworks. That is, they must fail both general classroom instruction (Tier 1) and small-group intervention (Tier 2) before becoming eligible for the most intensive intervention (Tier 3). The purpose of this article was to determine how to predict accurately which at-risk children will be unresponsive to Tiers 1 and 2, thereby allowing unresponsive children to move directly from Tier 1 to Tier 3. As part of an efficacy study of a multitier RTI approach to prevention and identification of reading disabilities (RD), 129 first-grade children who were unresponsive to classroom reading instruction were randomly assigned to 14 weeks of small-group, Tier 2 intervention. Nonresponders to this instruction (n = 33) were identified using local norms on first-grade word identification fluency growth linked to a distal outcome of RD at the end of second grade. Logistic regression models were used to predict membership in responder and nonresponder groups. Predictors were entered as blocks of data from least to most difficult to obtain: universal screening data, Tier 1 response data, norm referenced tests, and Tier 2 response data. Tier 2 response data were not necessary to classify students as responders and nonresponders to Tier 2 instruction, suggesting that some children can be accurately identified as eligible for Tier 3 intervention using only Tier 1 data, thereby avoiding prolonged periods of failure to instruction.

Advanced Method to Estimate Fuel Slosh Simulation Parameters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schlee, Keith; Gangadharan, Sathya; Ristow, James; Sudermann, James; Walker, Charles; Hubert, Carl

2005-01-01

The nutation (wobble) of a spinning spacecraft in the presence of energy dissipation is a well-known problem in dynamics and is of particular concern for space missions. The nutation of a spacecraft spinning about its minor axis typically grows exponentially and the rate of growth is characterized by the Nutation Time Constant (NTC). For launch vehicles using spin-stabilized upper stages, fuel slosh in the spacecraft propellant tanks is usually the primary source of energy dissipation. For analytical prediction of the NTC this fuel slosh is commonly modeled using simple mechanical analogies such as pendulums or rigid rotors coupled to the spacecraft. Identifying model parameter values which adequately represent the sloshing dynamics is the most important step in obtaining an accurate NTC estimate. Analytic determination of the slosh model parameters has met with mixed success and is made even more difficult by the introduction of propellant management devices and elastomeric diaphragms. By subjecting full-sized fuel tanks with actual flight fuel loads to motion similar to that experienced in flight and measuring the forces experienced by the tanks these parameters can be determined experimentally. Currently, the identification of the model parameters is a laborious trial-and-error process in which the equations of motion for the mechanical analog are hand-derived, evaluated, and their results are compared with the experimental results. The proposed research is an effort to automate the process of identifying the parameters of the slosh model using a MATLAB/SimMechanics-based computer simulation of the experimental setup. Different parameter estimation and optimization approaches are evaluated and compared in order to arrive at a reliable and effective parameter identification process. To evaluate each parameter identification approach, a simple one-degree-of-freedom pendulum experiment is constructed and motion is induced using an electric motor. By applying the estimation approach to a simple, accurately modeled system, its effectiveness and accuracy can be evaluated. The same experimental setup can then be used with fluid-filled tanks to further evaluate the effectiveness of the process. Ultimately, the proven process can be applied to the full-sized spinning experimental setup to quickly and accurately determine the slosh model parameters for a particular spacecraft mission. Automating the parameter identification process will save time, allow more changes to be made to proposed designs, and lower the cost in the initial design stages.

Identification and Analysis of Critical Gaps in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Codes Required by the SINEMA Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Adrian Miron; Joshua Valentine; John Christenson

2009-10-01

The current state of the art in nuclear fuel cycle (NFC) modeling is an eclectic mixture of codes with various levels of applicability, flexibility, and availability. In support of the advanced fuel cycle systems analyses, especially those by the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI), Unviery of Cincinnati in collaboration with Idaho State University carried out a detailed review of the existing codes describing various aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle and identified the research and development needs required for a comprehensive model of the global nuclear energy infrastructure and the associated nuclear fuel cycles. Relevant information obtained on the NFCmore » codes was compiled into a relational database that allows easy access to various codes' properties. Additionally, the research analyzed the gaps in the NFC computer codes with respect to their potential integration into programs that perform comprehensive NFC analysis.« less

Molybdenum-base cermet fuel development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pilger, James P.; Gurwell, William E.; Moss, Ronald W.; White, George D.; Seifert, David A.

Development of a multimegawatt (MMW) space nuclear power system requires identification and resolution of several technical feasibility issues before selecting one or more promising system concepts. Demonstration of reactor fuel fabrication technology is required for cermet-fueled reactor concepts. The MMW reactor fuel development activity at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) is focused on producing a molybdenum-matrix uranium-nitride (UN) fueled cermte. This cermet is to have a high matrix density (greater than or equal to 95 percent) for high strength and high thermal conductance coupled with a high particle (UN) porosity (approximately 25 percent) for retention of released fission gas at high burnup. Fabrication process development involves the use of porous TiN microspheres as surrogate fuel material until porous Un microspheres become available. Process development was conducted in the areas of microsphere synthesis, particle sealing/coating, and high-energy-rate forming (HERF) and the vacuum hot press consolidation techniques. This paper summarizes the status of these activities.

AGR-2 Irradiation Test Final As-Run Report, Rev 2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Collin, Blaise P.

2014-08-01

This document presents the as-run analysis of the AGR-2 irradiation experiment. AGR-2 is the second of the planned irradiations for the Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) Fuel Development and Qualification Program. Funding for this program is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) Technical Development Office (TDO) program. The objectives of the AGR-2 experiment are to: (a) Irradiate UCO (uranium oxycarbide) and UO 2 (uranium dioxide) fuel produced in a large coater. Fuel attributes are based on results obtained from the AGR-1 test and other project activities. (b) Provide irradiated fuel samplesmore » for post-irradiation experiment (PIE) and safety testing. (c) Support the development of an understanding of the relationship between fuel fabrication processes, fuel product properties, and irradiation performance. The primary objective of the test was to irradiate both UCO and UO 2 TRISO (tri-structural isotropic) fuel produced from prototypic scale equipment to obtain normal operation and accident condition fuel performance data. The UCO compacts were subjected to a range of burnups and temperatures typical of anticipated prismatic reactor service conditions in three capsules. The test train also includes compacts containing UO 2 particles produced independently by the United States, South Africa, and France in three separate capsules. The range of burnups and temperatures in these capsules were typical of anticipated pebble bed reactor service conditions. The results discussed in this report pertain only to U.S. produced fuel. In order to achieve the test objectives, the AGR-2 experiment was irradiated in the B-12 position of the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) for a total irradiation duration of 559.2 effective full power days (EFPD). Irradiation began on June 22, 2010, and ended on October 16, 2013, spanning 12 ATR power cycles and approximately three and a half calendar years. The test contained six independently controlled and monitored capsules. Each U.S. capsule contained 12 compacts of either UCO or UO2 AGR coated fuel. No fuel particles failed during the AGR-2 irradiation. Final burnup values on a per compact basis ranged from 7.26 to 13.15% FIMA (fissions per initial heavy-metal atom) for UCO fuel, and 9.01 to 10.69% FIMA for UO 2 fuel, while fast fluence values ranged from 1.94 to 3.47 x 10 25 n/m 2 (E >0.18 MeV) for UCO fuel, and from 3.05 to 3.53 x 10 25 n/m 2 (E >0.18 MeV) for UO 2 fuel. Time-average volume-average (TAVA) temperatures on a capsule basis at the end of irradiation ranged from 987°C in Capsule 6 to 1296°C in Capsule 2 for UCO, and from 996 to 1062°C in UO 2-fueled Capsule 3. By the end of the irradiation, all of the installed thermocouples (TCs) had failed. Fission product release-to-birth (R/B) ratios were quite low. In the UCO capsules, R/B values during the first three cycles were below 10 -6 with the exception of the hotter Capsule 2, in which the R/Bs reached 2 x 10 -6. In the UO 2 capsule (Capsule 3), the R/B values during the first three cycles were below 10 -7. R/B values for all following cycles are not reliable due to gas flow and cross talk issues.« less

Educator Perceptions of Behavior Indicators for Communication Deficits

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jeffries, Toni

2010-01-01

Communication proficiency is vital to academic achievement. However, many students with communication deficits face challenges in today's classrooms. Current measures often fail to assess classroom behaviors crucial to academic success. An effective assessment tool is needed to provide appropriate identification and instruction for students with…

Investigation of tip-depletion-induced fail in scanning capacitance microscopy for the determination of carrier type.

PubMed

Wang, Lin; Gautier, Brice; Sabac, Andrei; Bremond, Georges

2017-03-01

Scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) was performed on an n-type Si multilayer structure doped by phosphorus whose concentration ranges from 2×10 17 to 2×10 19 cm -3 . Three types of tips were used, i.e. fresh Pt/Ir coated tip, worn Pt/Ir coated tip and non-coated commercial Si tip. The use of fresh Pt/Ir coated tips produces SCM result in good agreement with the doping profile including the correct identification of the carrier type. In contrast, a worn Pt/Ir coated tip which has lost its metal coating and a non-coated tip will fail to recognize successfully the carrier type for phosphorus dopant concentration above 8×10 18 cm -3 (identifying as p instead of n) due to the tip depletion effect. These results alert us to carefully interpret the SCM results, especially in the case for identification of carrier type inside the sample of interest which is unknown. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Failure detection and isolation investigation for strapdown skew redundant tetrad laser gyro inertial sensor arrays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eberlein, A. J.; Lahm, T. G.

1976-01-01

The degree to which flight-critical failures in a strapdown laser gyro tetrad sensor assembly can be isolated in short-haul aircraft after a failure occurrence has been detected by the skewed sensor failure-detection voting logic is investigated along with the degree to which a failure in the tetrad computer can be detected and isolated at the computer level, assuming a dual-redundant computer configuration. The tetrad system was mechanized with two two-axis inertial navigation channels (INCs), each containing two gyro/accelerometer axes, computer, control circuitry, and input/output circuitry. Gyro/accelerometer data is crossfed between the two INCs to enable each computer to independently perform the navigation task. Computer calculations are synchronized between the computers so that calculated quantities are identical and may be compared. Fail-safe performance (identification of the first failure) is accomplished with a probability approaching 100 percent of the time, while fail-operational performance (identification and isolation of the first failure) is achieved 93 to 96 percent of the time.

Nonlinear empirical model of gas humidity-related voltage dynamics of a polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cell stack

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meiler, M.; Andre, D.; Schmid, O.; Hofer, E. P.

Intelligent energy management is a cost-effective key path to realize efficient automotive drive trains [R. O'Hayre, S.W. Cha, W. Colella, F.B. Prinz. Fuel Cell Fundamentals, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2006]. To develop operating strategy in fuel cell drive trains, precise and computational efficient models of all system components, especially the fuel cell stack, are needed. Should these models further be used in diagnostic or control applications, then some major requirements must be fulfilled. First, the model must predict the mean fuel cell voltage very precisely in all possible operating conditions, even during transients. The model output should be as smooth as possible to support best efficient optimization strategies of the complete system. At least, the model must be computational efficient. For most applications, a difference between real fuel cell voltage and model output of less than 10 mV and 1000 calculations per second will be sufficient. In general, empirical models based on system identification offer a better accuracy and consume less calculation resources than detailed models derived from theoretical considerations [J. Larminie, A. Dicks. Fuel Cell Systems Explained, John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, 2003]. In this contribution, the dynamic behaviour of the mean cell voltage of a polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack due to variations in humidity of cell's reactant gases is investigated. The validity of the overall model structure, a so-called general Hammerstein model (or Uryson model), was introduced recently in [M. Meiler, O. Schmid, M. Schudy, E.P. Hofer. Dynamic fuel cell stack model for real-time simulation based on system identification, J. Power Sources 176 (2007) 523-528]. Fuel cell mean voltage is calculated as the sum of a stationary and a dynamic voltage component. The stationary component of cell voltage is represented by a lookup-table and the dynamic voltage by a parallel placed, nonlinear transfer function. A suitable experimental setup to apply fast variations of gas humidity is introduced and is used to investigate a 10 cell PEMFC stack under various operation conditions. Using methods like stepwise multiple-regression a good mathematical description with reduced free parameters is achieved.

Implementing a reward and reminder underage drinking prevention program in convenience stores near Southern California American Indian reservations.

PubMed

Moore, Roland S; Roberts, Jennifer; McGaffigan, Richard; Calac, Daniel; Grube, Joel W; Gilder, David A; Ehlers, Cindy L

2012-09-01

Underage drinking is associated with a number of social and public health consequences. Preventing access to alcohol is one approach to reducing underage drinking. This study assesses the efficacy of a culturally tailored "reward and reminder" program aimed at reducing convenience store alcohol sales to youth living on or near nine American Indian reservations. First, tribal council proclamations were sought to support underage drinking prevention, including reward and reminder efforts. Then, decoys (volunteers over 21 years of age but judged to look younger) attempted to purchase alcohol without identification. Clerks who asked for identification were given "rewards" (gift cards and congratulatory letters), whereas clerks who did not were given "reminders" of the law regarding sales to minors. Following an initial baseline of 12 purchase attempts, three repeated reward and reminder visits were made to 13 convenience stores selling alcohol within 10 miles of the reservations (n = 51 total attempts). Five of nine tribal councils passed resolutions in support of the program. The baseline sales rate without requesting ID was 33%. Similarly, 38% of stores in the first reward and reminder visit round failed to request identification. However, in the following two reward and reminder rounds, 0% of the stores failed to request identification. These results indicate that environmental community-level underage drinking prevention strategies to reduce alcohol sales near rural reservations are feasible and can be effective. Environmental prevention strategies within reservation communities support integrated supply and demand reduction models for reducing underage drinking.

40 CFR 52.570 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.../99, 64 FR 67491 391-3-1-.02(2)(d) Fuel-burning Equipment 7/20/05 2/9/09, 75 FR 6309 391-3-1-.02(2)(e.../18/79, 44 FR 54047 391-3-1-.02(2)(k) Particulate Emission from Asphaltic Concrete Hot Mix Plants 1/17...) NOX Emissions from Fuel-burning Equipment 2/16/00 7/10/01, 66 FR 35906 391-3-1-.02(2)(mmm) NOX...

Isolation and molecular characterization of multiresistant Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus haemolyticus associated with skin and soft-tissue infections.

PubMed

Shittu, Adebayo; Lin, Johnson; Morrison, Donald; Kolawole, Deboye

2004-01-01

The isolation, molecular identification and genotyping of multiresistant Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus haemolyticus from skin and soft-tissue infections are reported. Accurate and full identification of three coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates was achieved using PCR, while the API STAPH method failed to identify an isolate of S. haemolyticus fully. The PCR assay, which detects polymorphism in the 16S-23S rRNA spacer region, is shown to be potentially useful for rapid and accurate identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Identical PFGE type and antibiotic-resistance profiles of two methicillin-resistant S. haemolyticus isolates in this study suggest the existence of a multiresistant community clone.

California's Low-Carbon Fuel Standard - Compliance Trends

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Witcover, J.; Yeh, S.

2013-12-01

Policies to incentivize lower carbon transport fuels have become more prevalent even as they spark heated debate over their cost and feasibility. California's approach - performance-based regulation called the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) - has proved no exception. The LCFS aims to achieve 10% reductions in state transport fuel carbon intensity (CI) by 2020, by setting declining annual CI targets, and rewarding fuels for incremental improvements in CI beyond the targets while penalizing those that fail to meet requirements. Even as debate continues over when new, lower carbon fuels will become widely available at commercial scale, California's transport energy mix is shifting in gradual but noticeable ways under the LCFS. We analyze the changes using available data on LCFS fuels from the California Air Resources Board and other secondary sources, beginning in 2011 (the first compliance year). We examine trends in program compliance (evaluated through carbon credits and deficits generated), and relative importance of various transport energy pathways (fuel types and feedstocks, and their CI ratings, including new pathways added since the program's start). We document a roughly 2% decline in CI for gasoline and diesel substitutes under the program, with compliance achieved through small shifts toward greater reliance on fuels with lower CI ratings within a relatively stable amount of transport energy derived from alternatives to fossil fuel gasoline and diesel. We also discuss price trends in the nascent LCFS credit market. The results are important to the broader policy debate about transportation sector response to market-based policies aimed at reducing the sector's greenhouse gas emissions.

EUS-guided methylene blue cholangiopancreatography for benign biliopancreatic diseases after failed ERCP.

PubMed

Consiglieri, Claudia F; Gornals, Joan B; Albines, Gino; De-la-Hera, Meritxell; Secanella, Lluis; Pelaez, Nuria; Busquets, Juli

2016-07-01

When ERCP fails, EUS-guided interventional techniques may be an alternative. The aim of this study was to evaluate the general outcomes and safety of EUS-guided methylene blue cholangiopancreatography in patients with failed ERCP in benign biliopancreatic diseases. Patients with benign biliopancreatic diseases and failed ERCP were included. EUS-guided cholangiopancreatography plus injection of methylene blue was performed, and then ERCP using coloring agent flow as an indicator of papilla orifice was performed. Procedures were prospectively collected in this observational, single-center study. Technical success, clinical success, and adverse events were analyzed retrospectively. Eleven patients were included (10 choledocholithiasis, 1 pancreatic stricture). The main reason for failed ERCP was an unidentifiable papilla. EUS-guided ductal access with cholangiopancreatography and papilla orifice identification was obtained in all cases. Technical success and clinical success rates of 91% were achieved, with successful biliopancreatic drainage in 10 patients. Adverse events included 1 peripancreatic abscess attributed to a precut, which was successfully treated. No adverse events were related to the first EUS-guided stage. EUS-guided cholangiopancreatography with methylene blue injection seems to be a feasible and helpful technique for treatment in patients with benign biliopancreatic diseases with previous failed ERCP because of an undetectable papilla. Copyright © 2016 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Identification of microorganisms isolated from jet fuel systems.

PubMed

Edmonds, P; Cooney, J J

1967-03-01

Seventy-two samples from jet aircraft fuel systems were examined for microbial contamination. Ten contaminated samples yielded 43 microorganisms which were classified into nine genera of bacteria and three genera of fungi. The predominant types, comprising about 37% of the isolated cultures, were identified as Bacillus spp. The remaining cultures were distributed among 11 genera, each of which represented 2 to 9% of the total isolates. Four cultures could not be assigned to a genus on the basis of the diagnostic criteria used. Only five isolates, in the genera Pseudomonas and Hormodendrum (Cladosporium), grew abundantly in a mineral salts solution with JP-4 fuel as the sole source of carbon. The presence of fuel utilizers in a fuel system may be a better index to potential problems that have been correlated with microbial contamination than the presence of aerobic sporeforming bacilli.

Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel Cell for Space Shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoffman, William C., III; Vasquez, Arturo; Lazaroff, Scott M.; Downey, Michael G.

1999-01-01

Development of a PEM fuel cell powerplant (PFCP) for use in the Space Shuttle offers multiple benefits to NASA. A PFCP with a longer design life than is delivered currently from the alkaline fuel will reduce Space Shuttle Program maintenance costs. A PFCP compatible with zero-gravity can be adapted for future NASA transportation and exploration programs. Also, the commercial PEM fuel cell industry ensures a competitive environment for select powerplant components. Conceptual designs of the Space Shuttle PFCP have resulted in identification of key technical areas requiring resolution prior to development of a flight system. Those technical areas include characterization of PEM fuel cell stack durability under operational conditions and water management both within and external to the stack. Resolution of the above issues is necessary to adequately control development, production, and maintenance costs for a PFCP.

77 FR 6671 - Airworthiness Directives; Superior Air Parts, Lycoming Engines (Formerly Textron Lycoming), and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-09

... AMOCs for this AD. Use the procedures found in 14 CFR 39.19 to make your request. (i) Related... this AD to prevent an in-flight engine shutdown due to a failed fuel servo diaphragm, and damage to the... p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. For service information identified in this AD...

Testing support for an evaluation of a Houston physical and functional inspection/maintenance program. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1980-10-01

The standard mass emission (Federal Test Procedure) was performed for determination of the effects of inspection and maintenance on a sample of passenger cars operating in the Houston area. This sample was also used for obtaining abbreviated emission test (short cycle test), fuel economy, and emission component system maladjustment and disablement and other data. Four-hundred eighty vehicles were inspected under the program: one-hundred from the 1980 model year, one-hundred 1979 vehicles, one-hundred 1978 vehicles, sixty 1977 vehicles, sixty 1976 vehicles and sixty from the 1975 model year. Both domestic and imported auto makes were examined. All vehicles which failed anmore » initial inspection, a total of 206 vehicles, were subject to a baseline and set of replicate test sequences comprised of the FTP, the 50 Cruise Test, the Highway Fuel Economy Test, the Loaded Two Mode Test and the Four Speed Idle Test. A prescribed maintenance step preceded each of the replicate sequences. Failed vehicles were further subject to an emission control system maladjustment/disablement and status inspection, driveability evaluations and owner-interviews to obtain vehicle maintenance and useage data.« less

How to Use EMTS to Report Transactions for Fuel Programs

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Reporting instructions for parties who transact Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) and must enter transaction information in the EPA Moderated Transaction System (EMTS) within five (5) business days.

Data-driven simultaneous fault diagnosis for solid oxide fuel cell system using multi-label pattern identification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Shuanghong; Cao, Hongliang; Yang, Yupu

2018-02-01

Fault diagnosis is a key process for the reliability and safety of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems. However, it is difficult to rapidly and accurately identify faults for complicated SOFC systems, especially when simultaneous faults appear. In this research, a data-driven Multi-Label (ML) pattern identification approach is proposed to address the simultaneous fault diagnosis of SOFC systems. The framework of the simultaneous-fault diagnosis primarily includes two components: feature extraction and ML-SVM classifier. The simultaneous-fault diagnosis approach can be trained to diagnose simultaneous SOFC faults, such as fuel leakage, air leakage in different positions in the SOFC system, by just using simple training data sets consisting only single fault and not demanding simultaneous faults data. The experimental result shows the proposed framework can diagnose the simultaneous SOFC system faults with high accuracy requiring small number training data and low computational burden. In addition, Fault Inference Tree Analysis (FITA) is employed to identify the correlations among possible faults and their corresponding symptoms at the system component level.

Voltage instability in a simulated fuel cell stack correlated to cathode water accumulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Owejan, J. P.; Trabold, T. A.; Gagliardo, J. J.; Jacobson, D. L.; Carter, R. N.; Hussey, D. S.; Arif, M.

Single fuel cells running independently are often used for fundamental studies of water transport. It is also necessary to assess the dynamic behavior of fuel cell stacks comprised of multiple cells arranged in series, thus providing many paths for flow of reactant hydrogen on the anode and air (or pure oxygen) on the cathode. In the current work, the flow behavior of a fuel cell stack is simulated by using a single-cell test fixture coupled with a bypass flow loop for the cathode flow. This bypass simulates the presence of additional cells in a stack and provides an alternate path for airflow, thus avoiding forced convective purging of cathode flow channels. Liquid water accumulation in the cathode is shown to occur in two modes; initially nearly all the product water is retained in the gas diffusion layer until a critical saturation fraction is reached and then water accumulation in the flow channels begins. Flow redistribution and fuel cell performance loss result from channel slug formation. The application of in-situ neutron radiography affords a transient correlation of performance loss to liquid water accumulation. The current results identify a mechanism whereby depleted cathode flow on a single cell leads to performance loss, which can ultimately cause an operating proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack to fail.

High-Performance Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells with Thin-Film Yttrium-Doped Barium Cerate-Zirconate Electrolytes on Compositionally Gradient Anodes.

PubMed

Bae, Kiho; Lee, Sewook; Jang, Dong Young; Kim, Hyun Joong; Lee, Hunhyeong; Shin, Dongwook; Son, Ji-Won; Shim, Joon Hyung

2016-04-13

In this study, we used a compositionally gradient anode functional layer (AFL) consisting of Ni-BaCe(0.5)Zr(0.35)Y(0.15)O(3-δ) (BCZY) with increasing BCZY contents toward the electrolyte-anode interface for high-performance protonic ceramic fuel cells. It is identified that conventional homogeneous AFLs fail to stably accommodate a thin film of BCZY electrolyte. In contrast, a dense 2 μm thick BCZY electrolyte was successfully deposited onto the proposed gradient AFL with improved adhesion. A fuel cell containing this thin electrolyte showed a promising maximum peak power density of 635 mW cm(-2) at 600 °C, with an open-circuit voltage of over 1 V. Impedance analysis confirmed that minimizing the electrolyte thickness is essential for achieving a high power output, suggesting that the anode structure is important in stably accommodating thin electrolytes.

[U.S. renewable fuel standard implementation mechanism and market tracking].

PubMed

Kang, Liping; Earley, Robert; An, Feng; Zhang, Yu

2013-03-01

U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) is a mandatory policy for promoting the utilization of biofuels in road transpiration sector in order to reduce the country's dependency on foreign oil and greenhouse gas emissions. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines the proportion of renewable fuels according to RFS annual target, and requests obligated parties such like fossil fuel refiner, blenders and importer in the U.S. to complete Renewable Volume Obligation (RVO) every year. Obligated parties prove they have achieved their RVO through a renewable fuels certification system, which generates Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) for every gallon of qualified renewable fuels produced or imported into U.S., RINs is a key for tracking renewable fuel consumption, which in turn is a key for implementing the RFS in the U.S., separated RINs can be freely traded in market and obligated parties could fulfill their RVO through buying RINs from other stakeholders. This briefing paper highlights RFS policy implementing mechanism and marketing tracking, mainly describes importance of RINs, and the method for generating and tracking RINs by both government and fuels industry participants.

Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines: Fuel Blendstocks with the Potential to Optimize Future Gasoline Engine Performance; Identification of Five Chemical Families for Detailed Evaluation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Farrell, John T; Holladay, John; Wagner, Robert

The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines (Co-Optima) initiative is conducting the early-stage research needed to accelerate the market introduction of advanced fuel and engine technologies. The research includes both spark-ignition (SI) and compression-ignition (CI) combustion approaches, targeting applications that impact the entire on-road fleet (light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles). The initiative's major goals include significant improvements in vehicle fuel economy, lower-cost pathways to reduce emissions, and leveraging diverse U.S. fuel resources. A key objective of Co-Optima's research is to identify new blendstocks that enhance current petroleum blending components, increase blendstock diversity, and provide refiners withmore » increased flexibility to blend fuels with the key properties required to optimize advanced internal combustion engines. This report identifies eight representative blendstocks from five chemical families that have demonstrated the potential to increase boosted SI engine efficiency, meet key fuel quality requirements, and be viable for production at commercial scale by 2025-2030.« less

Identification and Targeting of Upstream Tyrosine Kinases Mediating PI3 Kinase Activation in PTEN Deficient Prostate Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

tyrosine phosphorylated proteins, but they were not recognized by an anti-pYxxM motif antibody and were not found in PTEN deficient PC3 PCa cells. LC/MS...p85 binding motif antibody (pYxxM). failed to detect Therefore, we next focused on identification of p85 associated proteins using liquid...LC/MS/MS analysis of the p85 immunoprecipitates using a more sensitive Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer, we also detected GAB1 (Table 1). However, we

Robust Speaker Authentication Based on Combined Speech and Voiceprint Recognition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malcangi, Mario

2009-08-01

Personal authentication is becoming increasingly important in many applications that have to protect proprietary data. Passwords and personal identification numbers (PINs) prove not to be robust enough to ensure that unauthorized people do not use them. Biometric authentication technology may offer a secure, convenient, accurate solution but sometimes fails due to its intrinsically fuzzy nature. This research aims to demonstrate that combining two basic speech processing methods, voiceprint identification and speech recognition, can provide a very high degree of robustness, especially if fuzzy decision logic is used.

Development of wireless vehicle remote control for fuel lid operation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sulaiman, N.; Jadin, M. S.; Najib, M. S.; Mustafa, M.; Azmi, S. N. F.

2018-04-01

Nowadays, the evolution of the vehicle technology had made the vehicle especially car to be equipped with a remote control to control the operation of the locking and unlocking system of the car’s door and rear’s bonnet. However, for the fuel or petrol lid, it merely can be opened from inside the car’s cabin by handling the fuel level inside the car’s cabin to open the fuel lid. The petrol lid can be closed by pushing the lid by hand. Due to the high usage of using fuel lever to open the fuel lid when refilling the fuel, the car driver might encounter the malfunction of fuel lid (fail to open) when pushing or pulling the fuel lever. Thus, the main aim of the research is to enhance the operation of an existing car remote control where the car fuel lid can be controlled using two techniques; remote control-based and smartphone-based. The remote control is constructed using Arduino microcontroller, wireless sensors and XCTU software to set the transmitting and receiving parameters. Meanwhile, the smartphone can control the operation of the fuel lid by communicating with Arduino microcontroller which is attached to the fuel lid using Bluetooth sensor to open the petrol lid. In order to avoid the conflict of instruction between wireless systems with the existing mechanical-based system, the servo motor will be employed to release the fuel lid merely after receiving the instruction from Arduino microcontroller and smartphone. As a conclusion, the prototype of the multipurpose vehicle remote control is successfully invented, constructed and tested. The car fuel lid can be opened either using remote control or smartphone in a sequential manner. Therefore, the outcome of the project can be used to serve as an alternative solution to solve the car fuel lid problem even though the problem rarely occurred.

Parameter Estimation of Spacecraft Fuel Slosh Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gangadharan, Sathya; Sudermann, James; Marlowe, Andrea; Njengam Charles

2004-01-01

Fuel slosh in the upper stages of a spinning spacecraft during launch has been a long standing concern for the success of a space mission. Energy loss through the movement of the liquid fuel in the fuel tank affects the gyroscopic stability of the spacecraft and leads to nutation (wobble) which can cause devastating control issues. The rate at which nutation develops (defined by Nutation Time Constant (NTC can be tedious to calculate and largely inaccurate if done during the early stages of spacecraft design. Pure analytical means of predicting the influence of onboard liquids have generally failed. A strong need exists to identify and model the conditions of resonance between nutation motion and liquid modes and to understand the general characteristics of the liquid motion that causes the problem in spinning spacecraft. A 3-D computerized model of the fuel slosh that accounts for any resonant modes found in the experimental testing will allow for increased accuracy in the overall modeling process. Development of a more accurate model of the fuel slosh currently lies in a more generalized 3-D computerized model incorporating masses, springs and dampers. Parameters describing the model include the inertia tensor of the fuel, spring constants, and damper coefficients. Refinement and understanding the effects of these parameters allow for a more accurate simulation of fuel slosh. The current research will focus on developing models of different complexity and estimating the model parameters that will ultimately provide a more realistic prediction of Nutation Time Constant obtained through simulation.

Identification Approach to Alleviate Effects of Unmeasured Heat Gains for MIMO Building Thermal Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cai, Jie; Kim, Donghun; Braun, James E.

It is important to have practical methods for constructing a good mathematical model for a building's thermal system for energy audits, retrofit analysis and advanced building controls, e.g. model predictive control. Identification approaches based on semi-physical model structures are popular in building science for those purposes. However conventional gray box identification approaches applied to thermal networks would fail when significant unmeasured heat gains present in estimation data. Although this situation is very common and practical, there has been little research to tackle this issue in building science. This paper presents an overall identification approach to alleviate influences of unmeasured disturbances,more » and hence to obtain improved gray-box building models. The approach was applied to an existing open space building and the performance is demonstrated.« less

40 CFR 52.570 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 391-3-1-.02(2)(c) Incinerators 6/15/98 12/2/99, 64 FR 67491 391-3-1-.02(2)(d) Fuel-burning Equipment 7...) Particulate Emission from Asphaltic Concrete Hot Mix Plants 1/17/79 9/18/79, 44 FR 54047 391-3-1-.02(2)(l.../2009 9/28/2012, 77 FR 59554 391-3-1-.02(2)(lll) NOX Emissions from Fuel-burning Equipment 2/16/00 7/10...

Prediction of Physicochemical Properties of Energetic Materials for Identification of Treatment Technologies for Waste Streams

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-11-01

estimate the pharmacokinetics of potential drugs (Horning and Klamt 2005). QSPR/ QSARs also have potential applications in the fuel science field...group contribution methods, and (2) quantitative structure-property/activity relationships (QSPR/ QSAR ). The group contribution methods are primarily...development of QSPR/ QSARs is the identification of the ap- propriate set of descriptors that allow the desired attribute of the compound to be adequately

Special Treatment: Are Too Many Children Being Classified as Disabled?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zirkel, Perry A.

2001-01-01

Several recent court decisions provide ammunition for fighting over-identification of students who have impairments (like Attention Deficit Disorder) but who fail to meet the remaining eligibility requirements under Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act. Distinguishing between Section 504 and IDEA requirements is crucial. (MLH)

Cost-Effective Prediction of Reading Difficulties.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heath, Steve M.; Hogben, John H.

2004-01-01

This study addressed 2 questions: (a) Can preschoolers who will fail at reading be more efficiently identified by targeting those at highest risk for reading problems? and (b) will auditory temporal processing (ATP) improve the accuracy of identification derived from phonological processing and oral language ability? A sample of 227 preschoolers…

47 CFR 10.320 - Provider alert gateway requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... must be identified by a unique IP address or domain name. (b) Authentication and validation. The CMS... alert gateway if a validation fails. (c) Security. The CMS provider gateway must support standardized IP... CMSP Name Unique identification of CMSP. CMSP gateway Address IP address or Domain Name Alternate IP...

KSC-05PD-1577

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. Members of the engineering team are meeting in the Launch Control Center to review data and possible troubleshooting plans for the liquid hydrogen tank low-level fuel cut-off sensor. At left is John Muratore, manager of Systems Engineering and Integration for the Space Shuttle Program; Ed Mango, JSC deputy manager of the orbiter project office; and Carol Scott, KSC Integration Manager. The sensor failed a routine prelaunch check during the launch countdown July 13, causing mission managers to scrub Discovery's first launch attempt. The sensor protects the Shuttle's main engines by triggering their shutdown in the event fuel runs unexpectedly low. The sensor is one of four inside the liquid hydrogen section of the External Tank (ET).

49 CFR 599.502 - Record retention.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... facility information, owner eligibility information, vehicle eligibility information (including vehicle fuel economy), dealer applications for reimbursement under the program, vehicle identification number data, vehicle ownership information, vehicle title, registration and insurance information, sales...

49 CFR 599.502 - Record retention.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... facility information, owner eligibility information, vehicle eligibility information (including vehicle fuel economy), dealer applications for reimbursement under the program, vehicle identification number data, vehicle ownership information, vehicle title, registration and insurance information, sales...

49 CFR 599.502 - Record retention.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... facility information, owner eligibility information, vehicle eligibility information (including vehicle fuel economy), dealer applications for reimbursement under the program, vehicle identification number data, vehicle ownership information, vehicle title, registration and insurance information, sales...

49 CFR 599.502 - Record retention.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... facility information, owner eligibility information, vehicle eligibility information (including vehicle fuel economy), dealer applications for reimbursement under the program, vehicle identification number data, vehicle ownership information, vehicle title, registration and insurance information, sales...

Identification of fuel cycle simulator functionalities for analysis of transition to a new fuel cycle

DOE PAGES

Brown, Nicholas R.; Carlsen, Brett W.; Dixon, Brent W.; ...

2016-06-09

Dynamic fuel cycle simulation tools are intended to model holistic transient nuclear fuel cycle scenarios. As with all simulation tools, fuel cycle simulators require verification through unit tests, benchmark cases, and integral tests. Model validation is a vital aspect as well. Although compara-tive studies have been performed, there is no comprehensive unit test and benchmark library for fuel cycle simulator tools. The objective of this paper is to identify the must test functionalities of a fuel cycle simulator tool within the context of specific problems of interest to the Fuel Cycle Options Campaign within the U.S. Department of Energy smore » Office of Nuclear Energy. The approach in this paper identifies the features needed to cover the range of promising fuel cycle options identified in the DOE-NE Fuel Cycle Evaluation and Screening (E&S) and categorizes these features to facilitate prioritization. Features were categorized as essential functions, integrating features, and exemplary capabilities. One objective of this paper is to propose a library of unit tests applicable to each of the essential functions. Another underlying motivation for this paper is to encourage an international dialog on the functionalities and standard test methods for fuel cycle simulator tools.« less

Method and apparatus for in-cell vacuuming of radiologically contaminated materials

DOEpatents

Spadaro, Peter R.; Smith, Jay E.; Speer, Elmer L.; Cecconi, Arnold L.

1987-01-01

A vacuum air flow operated cyclone separator arrangement for collecting, handling and packaging loose contaminated material in accordance with acceptable radiological and criticality control requirements. The vacuum air flow system includes a specially designed fail-safe prefilter installed upstream of the vacuum air flow power supply. The fail-safe prefilter provides in-cell vacuum system flow visualization and automatically reduces or shuts off the vacuum air flow in the event of an upstream prefilter failure. The system is effective for collecting and handling highly contaminated radiological waste in the form of dust, dirt, fuel element fines, metal chips and similar loose material in accordance with radiological and criticality control requirements for disposal by means of shipment and burial.

Performance of AGR-1 high-temperature reactor fuel during post-irradiation heating tests

DOE PAGES

Morris, Robert N.; Baldwin, Charles A.; Demkowicz, Paul A.; ...

2016-05-18

The fission product retention of irradiated low-enriched uranium oxide/uranium carbide tri-structural isotropic (TRISO) fuel compacts from the Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor 1 (AGR-1) experiment has been evaluated at temperatures of 1600–1800 °C during post-irradiation safety tests. Fourteen compacts (a total of ~58,000 particles) with a burnup ranging from 13.4% to 19.1% fissions per initial metal atom (FIMA) have been tested using dedicated furnace systems at Idaho National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The release of fission products 110mAg, 134Cs, 137Cs, 154Eu, 155Eu, 90Sr, and 85Kr was monitored while heating the fuel specimens in flowing helium. The behavior of silver, europium,more » and strontium appears to be dominated by inventory that was originally released through intact SiC coating layers during irradiation, but was retained in the compact at the end of irradiation and subsequently released during the safety tests. However, at a test temperature of 1800 °C, the data suggest that release of these elements through intact coatings may become significant after ~100 h. Cesium was very well retained by intact SiC layers, with a fractional release <5 × 10–6 after 300 h at 1600 °C or 100 h at 1800 °C. However, it was rapidly released from individual particles if the SiC layer failed, and therefore the overall cesium release fraction was dominated by the SiC defect and failure fractions in the fuel compacts. No complete TRISO coating layer failures were observed after 300 h at 1600 or 1700 °C, and 85Kr release was very low during the tests (particles with failed SiC, but intact outer pyrocarbon, retained most of their krypton). Krypton release from TRISO failures was only observed after ~210 h at 1800 °C in one compact. As a result, post-safety-test examination of fuel compacts and particles has focused on identifying specific particles from each compact with notable fission product release and detailed analysis of the coating layers to understand particle behavior.« less

Performance of AGR-1 high-temperature reactor fuel during post-irradiation heating tests

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Morris, Robert N.; Baldwin, Charles A.; Demkowicz, Paul A.

The fission product retention of irradiated low-enriched uranium oxide/uranium carbide tri-structural isotropic (TRISO) fuel compacts from the Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor 1 (AGR-1) experiment has been evaluated at temperatures of 1600–1800 °C during post-irradiation safety tests. Fourteen compacts (a total of ~58,000 particles) with a burnup ranging from 13.4% to 19.1% fissions per initial metal atom (FIMA) have been tested using dedicated furnace systems at Idaho National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The release of fission products 110mAg, 134Cs, 137Cs, 154Eu, 155Eu, 90Sr, and 85Kr was monitored while heating the fuel specimens in flowing helium. The behavior of silver, europium,more » and strontium appears to be dominated by inventory that was originally released through intact SiC coating layers during irradiation, but was retained in the compact at the end of irradiation and subsequently released during the safety tests. However, at a test temperature of 1800 °C, the data suggest that release of these elements through intact coatings may become significant after ~100 h. Cesium was very well retained by intact SiC layers, with a fractional release <5 × 10–6 after 300 h at 1600 °C or 100 h at 1800 °C. However, it was rapidly released from individual particles if the SiC layer failed, and therefore the overall cesium release fraction was dominated by the SiC defect and failure fractions in the fuel compacts. No complete TRISO coating layer failures were observed after 300 h at 1600 or 1700 °C, and 85Kr release was very low during the tests (particles with failed SiC, but intact outer pyrocarbon, retained most of their krypton). Krypton release from TRISO failures was only observed after ~210 h at 1800 °C in one compact. As a result, post-safety-test examination of fuel compacts and particles has focused on identifying specific particles from each compact with notable fission product release and detailed analysis of the coating layers to understand particle behavior.« less

40 CFR 52.2320 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... dated February 5, 1985, HAFB AO for Paint Booth, HVAC Modification, Standby Generators, and Fuel Storage... implementation of the inspection of vehicle On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) systems starting January 1, 2002 in all...

40 CFR 52.2320 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... dated February 5, 1985, HAFB AO for Paint Booth, HVAC Modification, Standby Generators, and Fuel Storage... implementation of the inspection of vehicle On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) systems starting January 1, 2002 in all...

40 CFR 52.2320 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... dated February 5, 1985, HAFB AO for Paint Booth, HVAC Modification, Standby Generators, and Fuel Storage... implementation of the inspection of vehicle On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) systems starting January 1, 2002 in all...

Intelligent Engine Systems Work Element 1.3: Sub System Health Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ashby, Malcolm; Simpson, Jeffrey; Singh, Anant; Ferguson, Emily; Frontera, mark

2005-01-01

The objectives of this program were to develop health monitoring systems and physics-based fault detection models for engine sub-systems including the start, lubrication, and fuel. These models will ultimately be used to provide more effective sub-system fault identification and isolation to reduce engine maintenance costs and engine down-time. Additionally, the bearing sub-system health is addressed in this program through identification of sensing requirements, a review of available technologies and a demonstration of a demonstration of a conceptual monitoring system for a differential roller bearing. This report is divided into four sections; one for each of the subtasks. The start system subtask is documented in section 2.0, the oil system is covered in section 3.0, bearing in section 4.0, and the fuel system is presented in section 5.0.

Advances in the Development of a WCl6 CVD System for Coating UO2 Powders with Tungsten

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mireles, Omar R.; Tieman, Alyssa; Broadway, Jeramie; Hickman, Robert

2013-01-01

W-UO2 CERMET fuels are under development to enable Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) for deep space exploration. Research efforts with an emphasis on fuel fabrication, testing, and identification of potential risks is underway. One primary risk is fuel loss due to CTE mismatch between W and UO2 and the grain boundary structure of W particles resulting in higher thermal stresses. Mechanical failure can result in significant reduction of the UO2 by hot hydrogen. Fuel loss can be mitigated if the UO2 particles are coated with a layer of high density tungsten before the consolidation process. This paper discusses the work to date, results, and advances of a fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system that utilizes the H2-WCl6 reduction process. Keywords: Space, Nuclear, Thermal, Propulsion, Fuel, CERMET, CVD, Tungsten, Uranium

Solid tags for identifying failed reactor components

DOEpatents

Bunch, Wilbur L.; Schenter, Robert E.

1987-01-01

A solid tag material which generates stable detectable, identifiable, and measurable isotopic gases on exposure to a neutron flux to be placed in a nuclear reactor component, particularly a fuel element, in order to identify the reactor component in event of its failure. Several tag materials consisting of salts which generate a multiplicity of gaseous isotopes in predetermined ratios are used to identify different reactor components.

Quantity and management of spent fuel from prototype and research reactors in Germany

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dorr, Sabine; Bollingerfehr, Wilhelm; Filbert, Wolfgang

Within the scope of an R and D project (project identification number FKZ 02 S 8679) sponsored by BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research), the current state of storage and management of fuel elements from prototype and research reactors was established, and an approach for their future storage/management was developed. The spent fuels from prototype and research reactors in Germany that require disposal were specified and were described in regard to their repository-relevant characteristics. As there are currently no casks licensed for disposal in Germany, descriptions of casks that were considered to be suitable were provided. Based on themore » information provided on the spent fuel from prototype and research reactors and the potential casks, a technical disposal concept was developed. In this context, concepts to integrate the spent fuel from prototype and research reactors into existing disposal concepts for spent fuel from German nuclear power plants and for waste from reprocessing were developed for salt and clay formations. (authors)« less

Implementing a reward and reminder underage drinking prevention program in convenience stores near Southern California American Indian reservations

PubMed Central

Moore, Roland S.; Roberts, Jennifer; McGaffigan, Richard; Calac, Daniel; Grube, Joel W.; Gilder, David A.; Ehlers, Cindy L.

2012-01-01

Background Underage drinking is associated with a number of social and public health consequences. Preventing access to alcohol is one approach to reducing underage drinking. Objectives This study assesses the efficacy of a culturally tailored “reward and reminder” program aimed at reducing convenience store alcohol sales to youth living on or near nine American Indian reservations. Methods First, tribal council proclamations were sought to support underage drinking prevention, including reward and reminder efforts. Then, decoys (volunteers over 21 years of age but judged to look younger) attempted to purchase alcohol without identification. Clerks who asked for identification were given “rewards” (gift cards and congratulatory letters), whereas clerks who did not were given “reminders” of the law regarding sales to minors. Following an initial baseline of 12 purchase attempts, three repeated reward and reminder visits were made to 13 convenience stores selling alcohol within ten miles of the reservations (n=51 total attempts). Results Five of nine tribal councils passed resolutions in support of the program. The baseline sales rate without requesting ID was 33%. Similarly, 38% of stores in the first reward and reminder visit round failed to request identification. However, in the following two reward and reminder rounds, 0% of the stores failed to request identification. Conclusions These results indicate that environmental community-level underage drinking prevention strategies to reduce alcohol sales near rural reservations are feasible and can be effective. Scientific Significance Environmental prevention strategies within reservation communities support integrated supply and demand reduction models for reducing underage drinking. PMID:22931080

40 CFR 52.570 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) Incinerators 6/15/98 12/2/99, 64 FR 67491 391-3-1-.02(2)(d) Fuel-burning Equipment 7/20/05 2/9/09, 75 FR 6309... Concrete Hot Mix Plants 1/17/79 9/18/79, 44 FR 54047 391-3-1-.02(2)(l) Conical Burners 1/17/79 9/18/79, 44... Emissions from Fuel-burning Equipment 2/16/00 7/10/01, 66 FR 35906 391-3-1-.02(2)(mmm) NOX Emissions from...

Distributed Low Temperature Combustion: Fundamental Understanding of Combustion Regime Transitions

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-07

behaviour as compared to ethanol. The latter fuel has also been considered along with methane. Work has also been performed on the further assessment of... behaviour as compared to ethanol. The latter fuel has also been considered along with methane. Work has also been performed on the further assess- ment of...identification of various combustion gas states. A range of Damköhler numbers (Da) from the conventional propagating flamelet regime well into the distributed

Motor vehicle accident or driver suicide? Identifying cases of failed driver suicide in the trauma setting.

PubMed

Henderson, Antony F; Joseph, Anthony P

2012-01-01

Many authors have suggested that some road traffic crashes are disguised suicide attempts. A case report and literature review is used to explore this claim and to examine the frequency and risk factors associated with driver suicide. The author concludes the methodological difficulty of establishing the driver's intent of suicide accounts for an under-estimation of the frequency of this event and that many cases of driver suicide go unrecognised. Familiarity with the risk factors associated with driver suicide may assist in the identification of cases of failed driver suicide and referral to psychiatric services. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Failure detection and identification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Massoumnia, Mohammad-Ali; Verghese, George C.; Willsky, Alan S.

1989-01-01

Using the geometric concept of an unobservability subspace, a solution is given to the problem of detecting and identifying control system component failures in linear, time-invariant systems. Conditions are developed for the existence of a causal, linear, time-invariant processor that can detect and uniquely identify a component failure, first for the case where components can fail simultaneously, and then for the case where they fail only one at a time. Explicit design algorithms are provided when these conditions are satisfied. In addition to time-domain solvability conditions, frequency-domain interpretations of the results are given, and connections are drawn with results already available in the literature.

Effects of alternate fuels. Report No. 2. Analysis of basic refractories degraded by residual oil combustion products

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wei, G. C.; Tennery, V. J.

1978-02-01

Industrial conversion in the U.S. to alternate fuels from natural gas is presently under way and will accelerate rapidly as a result of gas curtailments and National policy considerations. Currently the prime alternate fuels are distillate and residual oils and coal. Conversion to residual oils or coal for high-temperature process heat applications is anticipated to result in accelerated refractory and insulation corrosion and degradation due to reactions between fuel impurities and the ceramic linings of high-temperature equipment. Understanding the nature of such reactions and identification of means for preventing or retarding them will be of considerable assistance to both refractorymore » manufacturers and users as well as a significant contribution to energy conservation.« less

Fission gas bubble identification using MATLAB's image processing toolbox

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Collette, R.

Automated image processing routines have the potential to aid in the fuel performance evaluation process by eliminating bias in human judgment that may vary from person-to-person or sample-to-sample. This study presents several MATLAB based image analysis routines designed for fission gas void identification in post-irradiation examination of uranium molybdenum (U–Mo) monolithic-type plate fuels. Frequency domain filtration, enlisted as a pre-processing technique, can eliminate artifacts from the image without compromising the critical features of interest. This process is coupled with a bilateral filter, an edge-preserving noise removal technique aimed at preparing the image for optimal segmentation. Adaptive thresholding proved to bemore » the most consistent gray-level feature segmentation technique for U–Mo fuel microstructures. The Sauvola adaptive threshold technique segments the image based on histogram weighting factors in stable contrast regions and local statistics in variable contrast regions. Once all processing is complete, the algorithm outputs the total fission gas void count, the mean void size, and the average porosity. The final results demonstrate an ability to extract fission gas void morphological data faster, more consistently, and at least as accurately as manual segmentation methods. - Highlights: •Automated image processing can aid in the fuel qualification process. •Routines are developed to characterize fission gas bubbles in irradiated U–Mo fuel. •Frequency domain filtration effectively eliminates FIB curtaining artifacts. •Adaptive thresholding proved to be the most accurate segmentation method. •The techniques established are ready to be applied to large scale data extraction testing.« less

Method and apparatus for reading lased bar codes on shiny-finished fuel rod cladding tubes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goldenfield, M.P.; Lambert, D.V.

1990-10-02

This patent describes, in a nuclear fuel rod identification system, a method of reading a bar code etched directly on a surface of a nuclear fuel rod. It comprises: defining a pair of light diffuser surfaces adjacent one another but in oppositely inclined relation to a beam of light emitted from a light reader; positioning a fuel rod, having a cylindrical surface portion with a bar code etched directly thereon, relative to the light diffuser surfaces such that the surfaces are disposed adjacent to and in oppositely inclined relation along opposite sides of the fuel rod surface portion and themore » fuel rod surface portion is aligned with the beam of light emitted from the light reader; directing the beam of light on the bar code on fuel rod cylindrical surface portion such that the light is reflected therefrom onto one of the light diffuser surfaces; and receiving and reading the reflected light from the bar code via the one of the light diffuser surfaces to the light reader.« less

49 CFR 599.502 - Record retention.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... under this subpart include all documentary materials and other information-storing media that contain... facility information, owner eligibility information, vehicle eligibility information (including vehicle fuel economy), dealer applications for reimbursement under the program, vehicle identification number...

33 CFR 174.19 - Contents of a certificate of number.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... commercial use. (7) Manufacturer's hull identification number (if any). (8) Make of vessel. (9) Year vessel..., inboard-outdrive, or sail. (14) Whether the fuel is gasoline, diesel, or other. (b) A certificate of...

Quantity of 135I released from the AGR-1, AGR-2, and AGR-3/4 experiments and discovery of 131I at the FPMS traps during the AGR-3/4 experiment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scates, Dawn M.

2014-09-01

A series of three Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) experiments have been conducted in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). From 2006 through 2014, these experiments supported the development and qualification of the new U.S. tristructural isotropic (TRISO) particle fuel for Very High Temperature Reactors (VHTR). Each AGR experiment consisted of multiple fueled capsules, each plumbed for independent temperature control using a mix of helium and neon gases. The gas leaving a capsule was routed to individual Fission Product Monitor (FPM) detectors. For intact fuel particles, the TRISO particle coatings provide a substantial barrier to fission productmore » release. However, particles with failed coatings, whether because of a minute percentage of initially defective particles, those which fail during irradiation, or those designed to fail (DTF) particles, can release fission products to the flowing gas stream. Because reactive fission product elements like iodine and cesium quickly deposit on cooler capsule components and piping structures as the effluent gas leaves the reactor core, only the noble fission gas isotopes of Kr and Xe tend to reach FPM detectors. The FPM system utilizes High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors coupled with a thallium activated sodium iodide NaI(Tl) scintillator. The HPGe detector provides individual isotopic information, while the NaI(Tl) scintillator is used as a gross count rate meter. During irradiation, the 135mXe concentration reaching the FPM detectors is from both direct fission and by decay of the accumulated 135I. About 2.5 hours after irradiation (ten 15.3 minute 135mXe half lives) the directly produced 135mXe has decayed and only the longer lived 135I remains as a source. Decay systematics dictate that 135mXe will be in secular equilibrium with its 135I parent, such that its production rate very nearly equals the decay rate of the parent, and its concentration in the flowing gas stream will appear to decay with the parent half life. This equilibrium condition enables the determination of the amount of 135I released from the fuel particles by measurement of the 135mXe at the FPM following reactor shutdown. In this paper, the 135I released will be reported and compared to similar releases for noble gases as well as the unexpected finding of 131I deposition from intentional impure gas injection into capsule 11 of experiment AGR 3/4.« less

Identification of a hybrid PKS-NRPS required for the biosynthesis of NG-391 in Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

A 19,818 kb genomic region harboring six predicted ORFs was identified in M. anisopliae ARSEF 2575. ORF4, putatively encoding a hybrid polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS-NRPS) was targeted using Agrobacterium-mediated gene knockout. Homologous recombinants failed to produce det...

USING THE STRESSOR IDENTIFICATION GUIDANCE TO IDENTIFY THE CAUSE OF DEGRADATION OF THE BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY IN THE PRESUMPSCOT RIVER, MAINE

EPA Science Inventory

From 1984 to 1996, an impounded segment of the Presumpscot River, downstream of a major point source, failed to attain Maine's Class C aquatic life standards based on benthic invertebrate assemblages. Eight candidate causes were hypothesized: 1) toxic chemicals; 2) floc resultin...

A Fortran Program to Aid in Mineral Identification Using Optical Properties.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blanchard, Frank N.

1980-01-01

Describes a search and match computer program which retreives from a user-generated mineral file those minerals which are not incompatible with the observed or measured optical properties of an unknown. Careful selection of input lists make it unlikely that the program will fail when reasonably accurate observations are recorded. (Author/JN)

Social Influence and Cognitive-Motivational Effects on Terrorism Preparedness: A Hurdle Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wirtz, Philip W.; Rohrbeck, Cynthia A.

2017-01-01

Objectives: The identification of factors which influence peoples' preparation for health safety risks posed by natural and man-made disasters is a central concern in health education. Prior studies have generally approached this issue from either a cognitive or a social influence perspective, and have failed to recognise the increased importance…

Interference with the operation of medical devices resulting from the use of radio frequency identification technology.

PubMed

Houliston, Bryan; Parry, David; Webster, Craig S; Merry, Alan F

2009-06-19

To replicate electromagnetic interference (EMI) with a common drug infusion device resulting from the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology in a simulated operating theatre environment. An infusion pump, of a type previously reported as having failed due to RFID EMI, was placed in radio frequency (RF) fields of various strengths, and its operation observed. Different strength RF fields were created by varying the number of RFID readers, the use of a high-gain RFID antenna, the distance between the reader(s) and the infusion pump, and the presence of an RFID tag on the infusion pump. The infusion pump was not affected by low-power RFID readers, even when in direct contact. The pump was disrupted by a high-power reader at 10 cm distance when an RFID tag was attached, and by a combination of high-power and low-power readers at 10 cm distance. Electronic medical devices may fail in the presence of high-power RFID readers, especially if the device is tagged. However, low-power RFID readers appear to be safer.

Mixed fuel strategy for carbon deposition mitigation in solid oxide fuel cells at intermediate temperatures.

PubMed

Su, Chao; Chen, Yubo; Wang, Wei; Ran, Ran; Shao, Zongping; Diniz da Costa, João C; Liu, Shaomin

2014-06-17

In this study, we propose and experimentally verified that methane and formic acid mixed fuel can be employed to sustain solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) to deliver high power outputs at intermediate temperatures and simultaneously reduce the coke formation over the anode catalyst. In this SOFC system, methane itself was one part of the fuel, but it also played as the carrier gas to deliver the formic acid to reach the anode chamber. On the other hand, the products from the thermal decomposition of formic acid helped to reduce the carbon deposition from methane cracking. In order to clarify the reaction pathways for carbon formation and elimination occurring in the anode chamber during the SOFC operation, O2-TPO and SEM analysis were carried out together with the theoretical calculation. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that stable and high power output at an intermediate temperature range was well-maintained with a peak power density of 1061 mW cm(-2) at 750 °C. With the synergic functions provided by the mixed fuel, the SOFC was running for 3 days without any sign of cell performance decay. In sharp contrast, fuelled by pure methane and tested at similar conditions, the SOFC immediately failed after running for only 30 min due to significant carbon deposition. This work opens a new way for SOFC to conquer the annoying problem of carbon deposition just by properly selecting the fuel components to realize their synergic effects.

Identification and Quantification of Carbon Phases in Conversion Fuel for the Transient Reactor Test Facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Steele, Robert; Mata, Angelica; Dunzik-Gougar, Mary Lou

2016-06-01

As part of an overall effort to convert US research reactors to low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel use, a LEU conversion fuel is being designed for the Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) at the Idaho National Laboratory. TREAT fuel compacts are comprised of UO2 fuel particles in a graphitic matrix material. In order to refine heat transfer modeling, as well as determine other physical and nuclear characteristics of the fuel, the amount and type of graphite and non-graphite phases within the fuel matrix must be known. In this study, we performed a series of complementary analyses, designed to allow detailed characterizationmore » of the graphite and phenolic resin based fuel matrix. Methods included Scanning Electron and Transmission Electron Microscopies, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, and Dual-Beam Focused Ion Beam Tomography. Our results indicate that no single characterization technique will yield all of the desired information; however, through the use of statistical and empirical data analysis, such as curve fitting, partial least squares regression, volume extrapolation and spectra peak ratios, a degree of certainty for the quantity of each phase can be obtained.« less

Exploring the Relationship Between Octane Sensitivity and Heat-of-Vaporization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sluder, C. Scott; Szybist, James P.; McCormick, Robert L.

2016-04-05

The latent heat-of-vaporization (HoV) of blends of biofuel and hydrocarbon components into gasolines has recently experienced expanded interest because of the potential for increased HoV to increase fuel knock resistance in direct-injection (DI) engines. Several studies have been conducted, with some studies identifying an additional anti-knock benefit from HoV and others failing to arrive at the same conclusion. Consideration of these studies holistically shows that they can be grouped according to the level of fuel octane sensitivity variation within their fuel matrices. When comparing fuels of different octane sensitivity significant additional anti-knock benefits associated with HoV are sometimes observed. Studiesmore » that fix the octane sensitivity find that HoV does not produce additional anti-knock benefit. New studies were performed at ORNL and NREL to further investigate the relationship between HoV and octane sensitivity. Three fuels were formulated for the ORNL study with matched RON and octane sensitivity, but with differing HoV. Experiments with these fuels in a 1.6-liter GTDI engine showed that the fuels exhibited very similar combustion phasing under knock-limited spark advance (KLSA) conditions. Fuels having a range of RON, octane sensitivity, and HoV were tested at NREL in a single-cylinder GDI engine under conditions where octane sensitivity has little effect on knock resistance. KLSA was found to be well correlated with RON. These results reinforce the concept that HoV anti-knock effects can be viewed as a contributor to octane sensitivity. From this viewpoint, HoV effects manifest themselves as increases in octane sensitivity.« less

Fission gas bubble identification using MATLAB's image processing toolbox

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Collette, R.; King, J.; Keiser, Jr., D.

Automated image processing routines have the potential to aid in the fuel performance evaluation process by eliminating bias in human judgment that may vary from person-to-person or sample-to-sample. In addition, this study presents several MATLAB based image analysis routines designed for fission gas void identification in post-irradiation examination of uranium molybdenum (U–Mo) monolithic-type plate fuels. Frequency domain filtration, enlisted as a pre-processing technique, can eliminate artifacts from the image without compromising the critical features of interest. This process is coupled with a bilateral filter, an edge-preserving noise removal technique aimed at preparing the image for optimal segmentation. Adaptive thresholding provedmore » to be the most consistent gray-level feature segmentation technique for U–Mo fuel microstructures. The Sauvola adaptive threshold technique segments the image based on histogram weighting factors in stable contrast regions and local statistics in variable contrast regions. Once all processing is complete, the algorithm outputs the total fission gas void count, the mean void size, and the average porosity. The final results demonstrate an ability to extract fission gas void morphological data faster, more consistently, and at least as accurately as manual segmentation methods.« less

Fission gas bubble identification using MATLAB's image processing toolbox

DOE PAGES

Collette, R.; King, J.; Keiser, Jr., D.; ...

2016-06-08

Automated image processing routines have the potential to aid in the fuel performance evaluation process by eliminating bias in human judgment that may vary from person-to-person or sample-to-sample. In addition, this study presents several MATLAB based image analysis routines designed for fission gas void identification in post-irradiation examination of uranium molybdenum (U–Mo) monolithic-type plate fuels. Frequency domain filtration, enlisted as a pre-processing technique, can eliminate artifacts from the image without compromising the critical features of interest. This process is coupled with a bilateral filter, an edge-preserving noise removal technique aimed at preparing the image for optimal segmentation. Adaptive thresholding provedmore » to be the most consistent gray-level feature segmentation technique for U–Mo fuel microstructures. The Sauvola adaptive threshold technique segments the image based on histogram weighting factors in stable contrast regions and local statistics in variable contrast regions. Once all processing is complete, the algorithm outputs the total fission gas void count, the mean void size, and the average porosity. The final results demonstrate an ability to extract fission gas void morphological data faster, more consistently, and at least as accurately as manual segmentation methods.« less

KSC-04pd0954

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-04-21

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - A KSC employee stops to look at a car equipped to use natural gas as fuel. Several cars using alternative fuel technology were part of an exhibit during KSC’s annual Environmental and Energy Awareness Week, held April 20-22. The slogan for this year’s event was “Today's Conservation Defines Tomorrow's Future.” Presentations included Chemistry Safety, Cost-Effective Solar Applications, Non-Native Invasive Plant Identification and Control, Energy Efficient Lighting Systems, and Historical Changes in KSC’s Ecosystems.

40 CFR 52.2070 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... fuel fired steam or hot water generating units 10/5/1982 3/29/1983, 48 FR 13026 Air Pollution Control... organic solvent emissions from six paper coating lines. (A) Letter from the RIDEM dated November 5, 1985...

Tutorial on Managing the Blocked List in the EPA Moderated Transaction System (EMTS)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

A tutorial describing how to manage the blocked list in EMTS, which allows you to block transactions that contain Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) generated by a specific fuel producer or importer.

Patient identification errors are common in a simulated setting.

PubMed

Henneman, Philip L; Fisher, Donald L; Henneman, Elizabeth A; Pham, Tuan A; Campbell, Megan M; Nathanson, Brian H

2010-06-01

We evaluate the frequency and accuracy of health care workers verifying patient identity before performing common tasks. The study included prospective, simulated patient scenarios with an eye-tracking device that showed where the health care workers looked. Simulations involved nurses administering an intravenous medication, technicians labeling a blood specimen, and clerks applying an identity band. Participants were asked to perform their assigned task on 3 simulated patients, and the third patient had a different date of birth and medical record number than the identity information on the artifact label specific to the health care workers' task. Health care workers were unaware that the focus of the study was patient identity. Sixty-one emergency health care workers participated--28 nurses, 16 technicians, and 17 emergency service associates--in 183 patient scenarios. Sixty-one percent of health care workers (37/61) caught the identity error (61% nurses, 94% technicians, 29% emergency service associates). Thirty-nine percent of health care workers (24/61) performed their assigned task on the wrong patient (39% nurses, 6% technicians, 71% emergency service associates). Eye-tracking data were available for 73% of the patient scenarios (133/183). Seventy-four percent of health care workers (74/100) failed to match the patient to the identity band (87% nurses, 49% technicians). Twenty-seven percent of health care workers (36/133) failed to match the artifact to the patient or the identity band before performing their task (33% nurses, 9% technicians, 33% emergency service associates). Fifteen percent (5/33) of health care workers who completed the steps to verify patient identity on the patient with the identification error still failed to recognize the error. Wide variation exists among health care workers verifying patient identity before performing everyday tasks. Education, process changes, and technology are needed to improve the frequency and accuracy of patient identification. Copyright (c) 2009. Published by Mosby, Inc.

Membrane electrode gasket assembly (MEGA) technology for polymer electrolyte fuel cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pozio, A.; Giorgi, L.; De Francesco, M.; Silva, R. F.; Lo Presti, R.; Danzi, A.

A new technology for the production of a membrane electrode gasket assembly (MEGA) for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) is defined. The MEGA system was prepared by sealing a previously prepared membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in a moulded gasket. For this aim, a proprietary silicone based liquid mixture was injected directly into the MEA borders. Gaskets obtained in different shapes and hardness grades are stable in a wide temperature range. The MEGA technology shows several advantages with respect to traditional PEFCs stack assembling systems: effective membrane saving, reduced fabrication time, possibility of quality control and failed elements substitution. This technology was successfully tested at the ENEA laboratories and the results were acquired in laboratory scale, but industrial production appears to be simple and cheap.

Aeroassisted orbital maneuvering using Lyapunov optimal feedback control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grantham, Walter J.; Lee, Byoung-Soo

1987-01-01

A Liapunov optimal feedback controller incorporating a preferred direction of motion at each state of the system which is opposite to the gradient of a specified descent function is developed for aeroassisted orbital transfer from high-earth orbit to LEO. The performances of the Liapunov controller and a calculus-of-variations open-loop minimum-fuel controller, both of which are based on the 1962 U.S. Standard Atmosphere, are simulated using both the 1962 U.S. Standard Atmosphere and an atmosphere corresponding to the STS-6 Space Shuttle flight. In the STS-6 atmosphere, the calculus-of-variations open-loop controller fails to exit the atmosphere, while the Liapunov controller achieves the optimal minimum-fuel conditions, despite the + or - 40 percent fluctuations in the STS-6 atmosphere.

Non-Self-Maintained Discharge Application for Fuel Activation

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-21

provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently ...voltage accelerating tube (1); - An injector of electrons with the thermo emission heated cathode (2); - The high-voltage rectifier (3); - A...auxiliary systems of the accelerator. The electron injector (2) is supplied by the thermo - emission cathode, allowing to generate an electron

Reviewing the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-05-01

aim was to determine the critical masses of nuclear explosives by tapping two subcritical masses toward each other with a screw- driver, all the...record. Not only has the IAEA failed to find existing covert reactors and fuel-making plants, which are critical to bomb making, the agency still...sort as possible will be critical if the NPT is to re- main effective against further proliferation. Certainly, such a goal informs the present vol

AIDS and National Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-04-07

prevention and education programs. This increase in migrant workers is transforming local HIV epidemics and spreading the virus throughout the country.41...consumers, represents a huge, untapped market that would otherwise be promising for U.S. trade growth, but for the instability in the region, fueled...in states that are suffering from increasing HIV infection rates than waiting until those states fail and we suffer loss of trade or we are forced to

Defense Standardization Program Journal. January-March 2012

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-01

tanks and voids with solvent-based epoxy coatings, ap- plied with varying levels of process control. Because the coatings tended to fail initially at...solids (UHS) epoxy resins and contained no added solvent. In addition, the coat- dsp.dla.mil ings contained thixotropes to counter the tendency of...standardized materials, using universal application processes, to all ballast tanks, fuel tanks, and voids, on all Navy ship classes, including submarines

Economics of Direct Hydrogen Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mahadevan, Kathyayani

Battelle's Economic Analysis of PEM Fuel Cell Systems project was initiated in 2003 to evaluate the technology and markets that are near-term and potentially could support the transition to fuel cells in automotive markets. The objective of Battelle?s project was to assist the DOE in developing fuel cell systems for pre-automotive applications by analyzing the technical, economic, and market drivers of direct hydrogen PEM fuel cell adoption. The project was executed over a 6-year period (2003 to 2010) and a variety of analyses were completed in that period. The analyses presented in the final report include: Commercialization scenarios for stationarymore » generation through 2015 (2004); Stakeholder feedback on technology status and performance status of fuel cell systems (2004); Development of manufacturing costs of stationary PEM fuel cell systems for backup power markets (2004); Identification of near-term and mid-term markets for PEM fuel cells (2006); Development of the value proposition and market opportunity of PEM fuel cells in near-term markets by assessing the lifecycle cost of PEM fuel cells as compared to conventional alternatives used in the marketplace and modeling market penetration (2006); Development of the value proposition of PEM fuel cells in government markets (2007); Development of the value proposition and opportunity for large fuel cell system application at data centers and wastewater treatment plants (2008); Update of the manufacturing costs of PEM fuel cells for backup power applications (2009).« less

An explosion of a CNG fuel vessel in an urban bus.

PubMed

Park, Chan-Seong; Jeon, Seung-Won; Moon, Jung-Eun; Lee, Kyu-Jung

2010-03-01

An investigation is presented of the explosion of a CNG (compressed natural gas) fuel vessel, called a liner, in an urban bus. The explosion happened at a gas station 10 min after filling was completed. There were no traces of soot and flames at the failed liner, which would be indicative of explosion by ignition of the gas. The filling process of the station was automatically monitored and recorded in a computer. There was no unusual record of the filling system that indicated excess pressure at the time of the accident. There were cracks on the liner that were initiated at the outer surface of the cylindrical shell located at a point 4 cm above the lower dome where cracks did not originate easily as a result of overload. Chemical analysis was performed on a specimen that was cut from the liner, and there was no peculiarity in the mix. Mechanical analysis was performed on the specimens and showed that the hardness was not in the specified range because of inadequate heat treatment of the metal. The hardness of the liner was strictly controlled in the manufacturing process. All the liners that were manufactured at the same period with the failed liner were recalled for examination.

Novel application of explicit dynamics occupancy models to ongoing aquatic invasions

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sepulveda, Adam J.

2018-01-01

Identification of suitable habitats, where invasive species can establish, is an important step towards controlling their spread. Accurate identification is difficult for new or slow invaders because unoccupied habitats may be suitable, given enough time for dispersal, while occupied habitats may prove to be unsuitable for establishment.To identify the suitable habitat of a recent invader, I used an explicit dynamics occupancy modelling framework to evaluate habitat covariates related to successful and failed establishments of American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) within the Yellowstone River floodplain of Montana, USA from 2012-2016.During this five-year period, bullfrogs failed to establish at most sites they colonized. Bullfrog establishment was most likely to occur and least likely to fail at sites closest to human-modified ponds and lakes and those with emergent vegetation. These habitat covariates were generally associated with the presence of permanent water.Suitable habitat for bullfrog establishment is abundant in the Yellowstone River floodplain, though many sites with suitable habitat remain uncolonized. Thus, the maximum distribution of bullfrogs is much greater than their current distribution.Synthesis and applications. Focused control efforts on habitats with or proximate to permanent waters are most likely to reduce the potential for invasive bullfrog establishment and spread in the Yellowstone River. The novel application of explicit dynamics occupancy models is a useful and widely applicable tool for guiding management efforts towards those habitats where new or slow invaders are most likely to establish and persist.

Optical sensor system for time-resolved quantification of methane densities in CH4-fueled spark ignition engines.

PubMed

Golibrzuch, Kai; Digulla, Finn-Erik; Bauke, Stephan; Wackerbarth, Hainer; Thiele, Olaf; Berg, Thomas

2017-08-01

We present the development and the first application of an optical sensor system that allows single-cycle determination of methane (CH 4 ) concentration inside internal combustion (IC) engines. We use non-dispersive infrared absorption spectroscopy to detect the CH 4 density with a time resolution up to 33 μs at acquisition rates of 30 kHz. The measurement scheme takes advantage of the strong temperature dependence of the absorption band applying two detection channels for CH 4 that detect different spectral regions of the ν 3 anti-symmetric C-H-stretch absorption. The strategy allows the simultaneous determination of fuel concentration as well as gas temperature. We show the proof-of-concept by validation of the measurement strategy in static pressure cell experiments as well as its application to a methane-fueled IC engine using a modified spark plug probe. Our results clearly demonstrate that it is crucial to determine the CH 4 temperature in the probe volume. Due to thermal influences of the sensor probe, the temperature needed to calculate the desired quantities (fuel density, fuel concentration) significantly differs from the gas phase temperature in the rest of the combustion chamber and estimations from standard thermodynamic models, e.g., polytropic compression, will fail.

Core thermal response and hydrogen generation of the N Reactor hydrogen mitigation design basis accident

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

White, M.D.; Lombardo, N.J.; Heard, F.J.

1988-04-01

Calculations were performed to determine core heatup, core damage, and subsequent hydrogen production of a hypothetical loss-of-cooling accident at the Department of Energy's N Reactor. The thermal transient response of the reactor core was solved using the TRUMP-BD computer program. Estimates of whole-core thermal damage and hydrogen production were made by weighting the results of multiple half-length pressure tube simulations at various power levels. The Baker-Just and Wilson parabolic rate equations for the metal-water chemical reactions modeled the key phenomena of chemical energy and hydrogen evolution. Unlimited steam was assumed available for continuous oxidation of exposed Zircaloy-2 surfaces and formore » uranium metal with fuel cladding beyond the failure temperature (1038 C). Intact fuel geometry was modeled. Maximum fuel temperatures (1181 C) in the cooled central regions of the core were predicted to occur one-half hour into the accident scenario. Maximum fuel temperatures of 1447 C occurred in the core GSCS-regions at the end of the 10-h transient. After 10-h 26% of the fuel inventory was predicted to have failed. Peak hydrogen evolution equaled 42 g/s, while 10-h integrated hydrogen evolution equaled 167 kg. 12 refs., 12 figs., 2 tabs.« less

10 CFR 51.22 - Criterion for categorical exclusion; identification of licensing and regulatory actions eligible...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... requirements. (11) Issuance of amendments to licenses for fuel cycle plants and radioactive waste disposal... licensees, except processing of source material for extraction of rare earth and other metals. (xiv) Nuclear...

40 CFR 80.1125 - Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... categorized as cellulosic biomass ethanol as defined in § 80.1101(a). (2) D has the value of 2 if the renewable fuel cannot be categorized as cellulosic biomass ethanol as defined in § 80.1101(a). (h) SSSSSSSS...

40 CFR 80.1125 - Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... categorized as cellulosic biomass ethanol as defined in § 80.1101(a). (2) D has the value of 2 if the renewable fuel cannot be categorized as cellulosic biomass ethanol as defined in § 80.1101(a). (h) SSSSSSSS...

40 CFR 80.1125 - Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... categorized as cellulosic biomass ethanol as defined in § 80.1101(a). (2) D has the value of 2 if the renewable fuel cannot be categorized as cellulosic biomass ethanol as defined in § 80.1101(a). (h) SSSSSSSS...

40 CFR 80.1125 - Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... categorized as cellulosic biomass ethanol as defined in § 80.1101(a). (2) D has the value of 2 if the renewable fuel cannot be categorized as cellulosic biomass ethanol as defined in § 80.1101(a). (h) SSSSSSSS...

40 CFR 79.11 - Information and assurances to be provided by the fuel manufacturer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... description (or identification, in the case of a generally accepted method) of a suitable analytical technique... sold, offered for sale, or introduced into commerce for use in motor vehicles manufactured after model...

40 CFR 80.1125 - Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... categorized as cellulosic biomass ethanol as defined in § 80.1101(a). (2) D has the value of 2 if the renewable fuel cannot be categorized as cellulosic biomass ethanol as defined in § 80.1101(a). (h) SSSSSSSS...

Light-duty vehicle fuel economy improvements, 1979--1998: A consumer purchase model of corporate average fuel economy, fuel price, and income effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chien, David Michael

2000-10-01

The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975, which created fuel economy standards for automobiles and light trucks, was passed by Congress in response to the rapid rise in world oil prices as a result of the 1973 oil crisis. The standards were first implemented in 1978 for automobiles and 1979 for light trucks, and began with initial standards of 18 MPG for automobiles and 17.2 MPG for light trucks. The current fuel economy standards for 1998 have been held constant at 27.5 MPG for automobiles and 20.5 MPG for light trucks since 1990--1991. While actual new automobile fuel economy has almost doubled from 14 MPG in 1974 to 27.2 MPG in 1994, it is reasonable to ask if the CAFE standards are still needed. Each year Congress attempts to pass another increase in the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standard and fails. Many have called for the abolition of CAFE standards citing the ineffectiveness of the standards in the past. In order to determine whether CAFE standards should be increased, held constant, or repealed, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the CAFE standards to date must be established. Because fuel prices were rising concurrently with the CAFE standards, many authors have attributed the rapid rise in new car fuel economy solely to fuel prices. The purpose of this dissertation is to re-examine the determinants of new car fuel economy via three effects: CAFE regulations, fuel price, and income effects. By measuring the marginal effects of the three fuel economy determinants upon consumers and manufacturers choices, for fuel economy, an estimate was made of the influence of each upon new fuel economy. The conclusions of this dissertation present some clear signals to policymakers: CAFE standards have been very effective in increasing fuel economy from 1979 to 1998. Furthermore, they have been the main cause of fuel economy improvement, with income being a much smaller component. Furthermore, this dissertation has suggested that fuel prices have very limited effects upon fuel economy, ranging from no primary effect on certain size classes to a minimal secondary effect through higher performance or horsepower demanded.

Reliability analysis and initial requirements for FC systems and stacks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Åström, K.; Fontell, E.; Virtanen, S.

In the year 2000 Wärtsilä Corporation started an R&D program to develop SOFC systems for CHP applications. The program aims to bring to the market highly efficient, clean and cost competitive fuel cell systems with rated power output in the range of 50-250 kW for distributed generation and marine applications. In the program Wärtsilä focuses on system integration and development. System reliability and availability are key issues determining the competitiveness of the SOFC technology. In Wärtsilä, methods have been implemented for analysing the system in respect to reliability and safety as well as for defining reliability requirements for system components. A fault tree representation is used as the basis for reliability prediction analysis. A dynamic simulation technique has been developed to allow for non-static properties in the fault tree logic modelling. Special emphasis has been placed on reliability analysis of the fuel cell stacks in the system. A method for assessing reliability and critical failure predictability requirements for fuel cell stacks in a system consisting of several stacks has been developed. The method is based on a qualitative model of the stack configuration where each stack can be in a functional, partially failed or critically failed state, each of the states having different failure rates and effects on the system behaviour. The main purpose of the method is to understand the effect of stack reliability, critical failure predictability and operating strategy on the system reliability and availability. An example configuration, consisting of 5 × 5 stacks (series of 5 sets of 5 parallel stacks) is analysed in respect to stack reliability requirements as a function of predictability of critical failures and Weibull shape factor of failure rate distributions.

49 CFR 599.201 - Identification of salvage auctions and disposal facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... on the Web site at http://www.cars.gov/disposal; or (3) A facility that disposes of vehicles in...) of this section, be currently listed on the Web site at http://www.cars.gov/disposal, as of the date.... (1) A disposal facility that qualifies as such by active membership in ELVS and that fails to...

49 CFR 599.201 - Identification of salvage auctions and disposal facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... on the Web site at http://www.cars.gov/disposal; or (3) A facility that disposes of vehicles in...) of this section, be currently listed on the Web site at http://www.cars.gov/disposal, as of the date.... (1) A disposal facility that qualifies as such by active membership in ELVS and that fails to...

49 CFR 599.201 - Identification of salvage auctions and disposal facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... on the Web site at http://www.cars.gov/disposal; or (3) A facility that disposes of vehicles in...) of this section, be currently listed on the Web site at http://www.cars.gov/disposal, as of the date.... (1) A disposal facility that qualifies as such by active membership in ELVS and that fails to...

49 CFR 599.201 - Identification of salvage auctions and disposal facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... on the Web site at http://www.cars.gov/disposal; or (3) A facility that disposes of vehicles in...) of this section, be currently listed on the Web site at http://www.cars.gov/disposal, as of the date.... (1) A disposal facility that qualifies as such by active membership in ELVS and that fails to...

Advancing the IS Curricula: The Identification of Important Communication Skills Needed by IS Staff during Systems Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Ruth A.; Luse, Donna W.

2004-01-01

Although research indicates communication is important among information systems (IS) staff, users, and managers to ensure successful development projects, the ineffective communication skills of IS staff are often cited as a possible cause of failed IS projects. To develop effective systems, communication between IS users and systems developers…

An Investigation of Circumstances Affecting Consumer Behavioral Intentions to Use Telemedicine Technology: An Interpretative Phenomenological Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cutts, Haywood

2017-01-01

Concerns related to the protection of personal identification information, graphic user interface, patient privacy, and consumer acceptance, to name a few, have plagued the implementation of telemedicine. Advocates of telemedicine have gained the interests of consumers but failed to recognize the true nature of consumer attitudes towards the use…

Reactive Attachment Disorder: Challenges for Early Identification and Intervention within the Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Floyd, Kimberly K.; Hester, Peggy; Griffin, Harold C.; Golden, Jeannie; Canter, Lora Lee Smith

2008-01-01

Attachment is of key importance in childhood development. The quality of attachment relationship between the child and parent/primary caregiver may have an effect on the child and future relationships and social success (Rubin, Bukowski, & Parker, 1998). When a child fails to bond with a caring adult, attachment becomes disordered and children may…

Evaluation of In Vitro Biotransformation Using HepaRG Cells to Improve High-Throughput Chemical Hazard Prediction: A Toxicogenomics Analysis (SOT)

EPA Science Inventory

The US EPA’s ToxCast program has generated a wealth of data in >600 in vitro assayson a library of 1060 environmentally relevant chemicals and failed pharmaceuticals to facilitate hazard identification. An inherent criticism of many in vitro-based strategies is the inability of a...

Turning a Molehill into a Mountain? How Reading Curricula Are Failing the Poor Worldwide

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abadzi, Helen

2016-01-01

Reading programs for low-income populations often give disappointing results. Failures may be partly due to a neglect of practice in decoding letters. Visual stimuli are best learned symbol by symbol, with pattern analogies and much practice to unite smaller components and speed up identification. The prerequisite for comprehending volumes of text…

Digging Deeper: Understanding Non-Proficient Students through an Understanding of Reading and Motivational Profiles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Hiawatha D.

2017-01-01

With the continued emphasis on accountability for students, schools are working to increase the reading academic performance of their non-proficient students. Many remedial approaches fail to identify the individual strengths and weaknesses and tend to treat these students with a singular remedial focus on word identification (Allington, 2001). In…

Progress of fossil fuel science

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Demirbas, M.F.

2007-07-01

Coal is the most abundant and widely distributed fossil fuel. More than 45% of the world's electricity is generated from coal, and it is the major fuel for generating electricity worldwide. The known coal reserves in the world are enough for more than 215 years of consumption, while the known oil reserves are only about 39 times of the world's consumption and the known natural gas reserves are about 63 times of the world's consumption level in 1998. In recent years, there have been effective scientific investigations on Turkish fossil fuels, which are considerable focused on coal resources. Coal ismore » a major fossil fuel source for Turkey. Turkish coal consumption has been stable over the past decade and currently accounts for about 24% of the country's total energy consumption. Lignite coal has had the biggest share in total fossil fuel production, at 43%, in Turkey. Turkish researchers may investigate ten broad pathways of coal species upgrading, such as desulfurization and oxydesulfurization, pyrolysis and hydropyrolysis, liquefaction and hydroliquefaction, extraction and supercritical fluid extraction, gasification, oxidation, briquetting, flotation, and structure identification.« less

Mapping and quantifying isomer sets of hydrocarbons (≥ C12) in diesel exhaust, lubricating oil and diesel fuel samples using GC × GC-ToF-MS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alam, Mohammed S.; Zeraati-Rezaei, Soheil; Liang, Zhirong; Stark, Christopher; Xu, Hongming; MacKenzie, A. Rob; Harrison, Roy M.

2018-05-01

Airborne particles and vapours, like many other environmental samples including water, soils and sediments, contain complex mixtures of hydrocarbons, often deriving from crude oil either before or after fractionation into fuels, lubricants and feedstocks. Comprehensive 2D gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-ToF-MS), offers a very powerful technique that separates and identifies many compounds in complicated hydrocarbon mixtures. However, quantification and identification of individual constituents at high ionization energies would require hundreds of expensive (when available) standards for calibration. Although the precise chemical structure of hydrocarbons does matter for their environmental impact and fate, strong similarities can be expected for compounds having very similar chemical structures and carbon numbers. There is, therefore, a clear benefit in an analytical technique which is specific enough to separate different classes of compounds and to distinguish homologous series while avoiding the need to handle each isomer individually. Varying EI (electron impact) ionization mass spectrometry significantly enhances the identification of individual isomers and homologous compound groups, which we refer to as isomer sets. Advances are reported in mapping and quantifying isomer sets of hydrocarbons (≥ C12) in diesel fuel, lubricating oil and diesel exhaust emissions. By using this analysis we report mass closures of ca. 90 and 75 % for diesel fuel and lubricating oil, and identify 85 and 75 % of the total ion current for gas- and particulate-phase diesel exhaust emissions.

76 FR 54830 - Identification of Interstate Motor Vehicles: The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey's...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-02

... an adequate system of safely engineered highways; to foster and promote sound and reasonable taxation... taxation not subject to collection through the International Fuel Tax Agreement; (3) under a State law...

Renewables cannot be stored economically on a well-run power system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Swift-Hook, Donald

2017-11-01

Economic storage on a power system must rely on arbitrage, buying electrical power when it is cheap and selling when it is dear. In practice, this means a store must buy power at night and sell it during the day. There is no solar power at night [by definition], so solar power cannot be stored economically on a well-run power system. Also renewables [and nuclear] are installed commercially to save fuel but fuel costs the same at night as it does during the day, so there is no arbitrage on fuel-saving to justify storage. Pumped water storage has always been widely used on power systems and is still the only method that is economic today, although many others have been tried, including fuels cells, compressed air and batteries. Devices for power correction and balancing [e.g. capacitor banks and batteries] may physically involve the storage of energy [just as a mobile phone does] but it is misleading to describe them as methods of power system storage, [just as it would be misleading to call a School bus a fuel transportation system, even though it does transport fuel]. When a power system has different sorts of plant generating - coal, gas, nuclear, wind etc - any power being put into storage is from the plant that would need to be switched off [because less power was needed] if storage ceased [e.g. because the store became full or failed]. On a well-run power system, that always has the highest fuel/running cost, but the wind blows free and has zero fuel/running cost, so wind is never [normally] stored unless there is no other plant on line i.e. wind power is the last to be stored.

Investigation of the Feasibility of Utilizing Gamma Emission Computed Tomography in Evaluating Fission Product Migration in Irradiated TRISO Fuel Experiments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jason M. Harp; Paul A. Demkowicz

2014-10-01

In the High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) the TRISO particle fuel serves as the primary fission product containment. However the large number of TRISO particles present in proposed HTGRs dictates that there will be a small fraction (~10 -4 to 10 -5) of as manufactured and in-pile particle failures that will lead to some fission product release. The matrix material surrounding the TRISO particles in fuel compacts and the structural graphite holding the TRISO particles in place can also serve as sinks for containing any released fission products. However data on the migration of solid fission products through these materialsmore » is lacking. One of the primary goals of the AGR-3/4 experiment is to study fission product migration from failed TRISO particles in prototypic HTGR components such as structural graphite and compact matrix material. In this work, the potential for a Gamma Emission Computed Tomography (GECT) technique to non-destructively examine the fission product distribution in AGR-3/4 components and other irradiation experiments is explored. Specifically, the feasibility of using the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Hot Fuels Examination Facility (HFEF) Precision Gamma Scanner (PGS) system for this GECT application is considered. To test the feasibility, the response of the PGS system to idealized fission product distributions has been simulated using Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations. Previous work that applied similar techniques during the AGR-1 experiment will also be discussed as well as planned uses for the GECT technique during the post irradiation examination of the AGR-2 experiment. The GECT technique has also been applied to other irradiated nuclear fuel systems that were currently available in the HFEF hot cell including oxide fuel pins, metallic fuel pins, and monolithic plate fuel.« less

Water Chemistry Control System for Recovery of Damaged and Degraded Spent Fuel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sindelar, R.; Fisher, D.; Thomas, J.

2011-02-18

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the government of Serbia have led the project cosponsored by the U.S, Russia, European Commission, and others to repackage and repatriate approximately 8000 spent fuel elements from the RA reactor fuel storage basins at the VIN?A Institute of Nuclear Sciences to Russia for reprocessing. The repackaging and transportation activities were implemented by a Russian consortium which includes the Sosny Company, Tekhsnabeksport (TENEX) and Mayak Production Association. High activity of the water of the fuel storage basin posed serious risk and challenges to the fuel removal from storage containers and repackaging for transportation. Themore » risk centered on personnel exposure, even above the basin water, due to the high water activity levels caused by Cs-137 leached from fuel elements with failed cladding. A team of engineers from the U.S. DOE-NNSA's Global Threat Reduction Initiative, the Vinca Institute, and the IAEA performed the design, development, and deployment of a compact underwater water chemistry control system (WCCS) to remove the Cs-137 from the basin water and enable personnel safety above the basin water for repackaging operations. Key elements of the WCCS system included filters, multiple columns containing an inorganic sorbent, submersible pumps and flow meters. All system components were designed to be remotely serviceable and replaceable. The system was assembled and successfully deployed at the Vinca basin to support the fuel removal and repackaging activities. Following the successful operations, the Cs-137 is now safely contained and consolidated on the zeolite sorbent used in the columns of the WCCS, and the fuel has been removed from the basins. This paper reviews the functional requirements, design, and deployment of the WCCS.« less

Comparison of silver, cesium, and strontium release predictions using PARFUME with results from the AGR-1 irradiation experiment

DOE PAGES

Collin, Blaise P.; Petti, David A.; Demkowicz, Paul A.; ...

2015-08-22

Here, the PARFUME (PARticle FUel ModEl) code was used to predict the release of fission products silver, cesium, and strontium from tristructural isotropic coated fuel particles and compacts during the first irradiation experiment (AGR-1) of the Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification program. The PARFUME model for the AGR-1 experiment used the fuel compact volume average temperature for each of the 620 days of irradiation to calculate the release of silver, cesium, and strontium from a representative particle for a select number of AGR-1 compacts. Post-irradiation examination measurements provided data on release of these fission products from fuel compactsmore » and fuel particles, and retention of silver in the compacts outside of the silicon carbide (SiC) layer. PARFUME-predicted fractional release of silver, cesium, and strontium was determined and compared to the PIE measurements. For silver, comparisons show a trend of over-prediction at low burnup and under-prediction at high burnup. PARFUME has limitations in the modeling of the temporal and spatial distributions of the temperature and burnup across the compacts, which affects the accuracy of its predictions. Nevertheless, the comparisons on silver release lie in the same order of magnitude. Results show an overall over-prediction of the fractional release of cesium by PARFUME. For particles with failed SiC layers, the over-prediction is by a factor of up to 3, corresponding to a potential over-estimation of the diffusivity in uranium oxycarbide (UCO) by a factor of up to 250. For intact particles, whose release is much lower, the over-prediction is by a factor of up to 100, which could be attributed to an over-estimated diffusivity in SiC by about 40% on average. The release of strontium from intact particles is also over-predicted by PARFUME, which also points towards an over-estimated diffusivity of strontium in either SiC or UCO, or possibly both. The measured strontium fractional release from intact particles varied considerably from compact to compact, making it difficult to assess the effective over-estimation of the diffusivities. Moreover, the release of strontium from particles with failed SiC is difficult to observe experimentally due to the release from intact particles, preventing any conclusions to be made on the accuracy or validity of the PARFUME predictions and the modeled diffusivity of strontium in UCO.« less

Comparison of silver, cesium, and strontium release predictions using PARFUME with results from the AGR-1 irradiation experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Collin, Blaise P.; Petti, David A.; Demkowicz, Paul A.; Maki, John T.

2015-11-01

The PARFUME (PARticle FUel ModEl) code was used to predict the release of fission products silver, cesium, and strontium from tristructural isotropic coated fuel particles and compacts during the first irradiation experiment (AGR-1) of the Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification program. The PARFUME model for the AGR-1 experiment used the fuel compact volume average temperature for each of the 620 days of irradiation to calculate the release of silver, cesium, and strontium from a representative particle for a select number of AGR-1 compacts. Post-irradiation examination (PIE) measurements provided data on release of these fission products from fuel compacts and fuel particles, and retention of silver in the compacts outside of the silicon carbide (SiC) layer. PARFUME-predicted fractional release of silver, cesium, and strontium was determined and compared to the PIE measurements. For silver, comparisons show a trend of over-prediction at low burnup and under-prediction at high burnup. PARFUME has limitations in the modeling of the temporal and spatial distributions of the temperature and burnup across the compacts, which affects the accuracy of its predictions. Nevertheless, the comparisons on silver release lie in the same order of magnitude. Results show an overall over-prediction of the fractional release of cesium by PARFUME. For particles with failed SiC layers, the over-prediction is by a factor of up to 3, corresponding to a potential over-estimation of the diffusivity in uranium oxycarbide (UCO) by a factor of up to 250. For intact particles, whose release is much lower, the over-prediction is by a factor of up to 100, which could be attributed to an over-estimated diffusivity in SiC by about 40% on average. The release of strontium from intact particles is also over-predicted by PARFUME, which also points towards an over-estimated diffusivity of strontium in either SiC or UCO, or possibly both. The measured strontium fractional release from intact particles varied considerably from compact to compact, making it difficult to assess the effective over-estimation of the diffusivities. Furthermore, the release of strontium from particles with failed SiC is difficult to observe experimentally due to the release from intact particles, preventing any conclusions to be made on the accuracy or validity of the PARFUME predictions and the modeled diffusivity of strontium in UCO.

Identification of Federal Aviation Administration regulations and procedures that impact fuel consumption

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mckinly, J.B.

The impact of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) on fuel conservation in the air-transportation system. To date there exist over 89 identifiable fuel-conservation program and research areas. Operational constraints in the areas of FARs and Air Traffic Control (ATC), which hinder further fuel savings in any of the 89 program and research areas, are identified. The nature of this investigation presents an update of analyses from previous FAA, DOE, and NASA publications from a DOE viewpoint. The short duration and cost constraints of this study did not allow an assessment of safety, social, or any of the broader impacts ofmore » the regulations. However, this study was not intended to solve all of the regulatory problems. Rather, this was a cursory review of the FARs intended to pinpoint those fuel inefficient regulations which could be changed to improve the overall fuel-conservation effort in the air transportation industry. The program and research areas identified as being negatively impacted by FARs were analyzed to quantify the fuel savings available through revision or removal of those constraints. A recommended list of new R and D initiatives are proposed in order to improve fuel efficiency of the FARs in the air-transportation industry.« less

Characterization of microbial contamination in United States Air Force aviation fuel tanks.

PubMed

Rauch, Michelle E; Graef, Harold W; Rozenzhak, Sophie M; Jones, Sharon E; Bleckmann, Charles A; Kruger, Randell L; Naik, Rajesh R; Stone, Morley O

2006-01-01

Bacteria and fungi, isolated from United States Air Force (USAF) aviation fuel samples, were identified by gas chromatograph fatty acid methyl ester (GC-FAME) profiling and 16S or 18S rRNA gene sequencing. Thirty-six samples from 11 geographically separated USAF bases were collected. At each base, an above-ground storage tank, a refueling truck, and an aircraft wing tank were sampled at the lowest sample point, or sump, to investigate microbial diversity and dispersion within the fuel distribution chain. Twelve genera, including four Bacillus species and two Staphylococcus species, were isolated and identified. Bacillus licheniformis, the most prevalent organism isolated, was found at seven of the 11 bases. Of the organisms identified, Bacillus sp., Micrococcus luteus, Sphinogmonas sp., Staphylococcus sp., and the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans have previously been isolated from aviation fuel samples. The bacteria Pantoea ananatis, Arthrobacter sp., Alcaligenes sp., Kocuria rhizophilia, Leucobacter komagatae, Dietza sp., and the fungus Discophaerina fagi have not been previously reported in USAF aviation fuel. Only at two bases were the same organisms isolated from all three sample points in the fuel supply distribution chain. Isolation of previously undocumented organisms suggests either, changes in aviation fuel microbial community in response to changes in aviation fuel composition, additives and biocide use, or simply, improvements in isolation and identification techniques.

AGR-1 Irradiation Test Final As-Run Report, Rev. 3

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Collin, Blaise P.

2015-01-01

This document presents the as-run analysis of the AGR-1 irradiation experiment. AGR-1 is the first of eight planned irradiations for the Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) Fuel Development and Qualification Program. Funding for this program is provided by the US Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Next-Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) project. The objectives of the AGR-1 experiment are: 1. To gain experience with multi-capsule test train design, fabrication, and operation with the intent to reduce the probability of capsule or test train failure in subsequent irradiation tests. 2. To irradiate fuel produced in conjunction with the AGR fuel processmore » development effort. 3. To provide data that will support the development of an understanding of the relationship between fuel fabrication processes, fuel product properties, and irradiation performance. In order to achieve the test objectives, the AGR-1 experiment was irradiated in the B-10 position of the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) for a total duration of 620 effective full power days of irradiation. Irradiation began on December 24, 2006 and ended on November 6, 2009 spanning 13 ATR cycles and approximately three calendar years. The test contained six independently controlled and monitored capsules. Each capsule contained 12 compacts of a single type, or variant, of the AGR coated fuel. No fuel particles failed during the AGR-1 irradiation. Final burnup values on a per compact basis ranged from 11.5 to 19.6 %FIMA, while fast fluence values ranged from 2.21 to 4.39 x 10 25 n/m 2 (E >0.18 MeV). We’ll say something here about temperatures once thermal recalc is done. Thermocouples performed well, failing at a lower rate than expected. At the end of the irradiation, nine of the originally-planned 19 TCs were considered functional. Fission product release-to-birth (R/B) ratios were quite low. In most capsules, R/B values at the end of the irradiation were at or below 10 -7 with only one capsule significantly exceeding this value. A maximum R/B of around 2 x 10 -7 was reached at the end of the irradiation in Capsule 5. Several shakedown issues were encountered and resolved during the first three cycles. These include the repair of minor gas line leaks; repair of faulty gas line valves; the need to position moisture monitors in regions of low radiation fields for proper functioning; the enforcement of proper on-line data storage and backup, the need to monitor thermocouple performance, correcting for detector spectral gain shift, and a change in the mass flow rate range of the neon flow controllers.« less

Open-type ferry safety system design for using LNG fuel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pagonis, D. N.; Livanos, G.; Theotokatos, G.; Peppa, S.; Themelis, N.

2016-12-01

In this feasibility study, we investigate the viability of using Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) fuel in an open type Ro-Ro passenger ferry and the associated potential challenges with regard to the vessel safety systems. We recommend an appropriate methodology for converting existing ships to run on LNG fuel, discuss all the necessary modifications to the ship's safety systems, and also evaluate the relevant ship evacuation procedures. We outline the basic requirements with which the ship already complies for each safety system and analyze the additional restrictions that must be taken into consideration for the use of LNG fuel. Appropriate actions are recommended. Furthermore, we carry out a hazard identification study. Overall, we clearly demonstrate the technical feasibility of the investigated scenario. Minimal modifications to the ship's safety systems are required to comply with existing safety rules for this specific type of ship.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Weise, David; Johnson, Timothy J.; Reardon, James

Management of smoke from prescribed fires requires knowledge of fuel quantity and the amount and composition of the smoke produced by the fire to minimize adverse impacts on human health. A five-year study produced new emissions information for more than 100 trace gases and particulate matter in smoke for fuel types found in the southern United States of America using state-of-the-art instrumentation in both laboratory and field experiments. Emission factors for flaming, smoldering, and residual smoldering were developed. Agreement between laboratory and field-derived emission factors was generally good in most cases. Reference spectra of over 50 wildland fire gas-phase smokemore » components were added to a publicly-available database to support identification via infrared spectroscopy. Fuel loading for the field experiments was similar to previously measured fuels. This article summarizes the results of a five-year study to better understand the composition of smoke during all phases of burning for such forests.« less

Inertial parameter identification using contact force information for an unknown object captured by a space manipulator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chu, Zhongyi; Ma, Ye; Hou, Yueyang; Wang, Fengwen

2017-02-01

This paper presents a novel identification method for the intact inertial parameters of an unknown object in space captured by a manipulator in a space robotic system. With strong dynamic and kinematic coupling existing in the robotic system, the inertial parameter identification of the unknown object is essential for the ideal control strategy based on changes in the attitude and trajectory of the space robot via capturing operations. Conventional studies merely refer to the principle and theory of identification, and an error analysis process of identification is deficient for a practical scenario. To solve this issue, an analysis of the effect of errors on identification is illustrated first, and the accumulation of measurement or estimation errors causing poor identification precision is demonstrated. Meanwhile, a modified identification equation incorporating the contact force, as well as the force/torque of the end-effector, is proposed to weaken the accumulation of errors and improve the identification accuracy. Furthermore, considering a severe disturbance condition caused by various measured noises, the hybrid immune algorithm, Recursive Least Squares and Affine Projection Sign Algorithm (RLS-APSA), is employed to decode the modified identification equation to ensure a stable identification property. Finally, to verify the validity of the proposed identification method, the co-simulation of ADAMS-MATLAB is implemented by multi-degree of freedom models of a space robotic system, and the numerical results show a precise and stable identification performance, which is able to guarantee the execution of aerospace operations and prevent failed control strategies.

KSC-05PD-1592

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. Media gather in the television studio at the NASA News Center to hear members of the Mission Management Team reveal aspects of the troubleshooting and testing being done on the liquid hydrogen tank low-level fuel cut-off sensor. On the stage at right are (from left) Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle deputy program manager; John Muratore, manager of Systems Engineering and Integration for the Space Shuttle Program; and Mike Wetmore, director of Space Shuttle Processing. The sensor failed a routine prelaunch check during the launch countdown July 13, causing mission managers to scrub Discovery's first launch attempt. The sensor protects the Shuttle's main engines by triggering their shutdown in the event fuel runs unexpectedly low. The sensor is one of four inside the liquid hydrogen section of the External Tank (ET).

Bread: CDC 7600 program that processes Spent Fuel Test Climax data

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hage, G.L.

BREAD will process a family of files copied from a data tape made by Hewlett-Packard equipment employed for data acquisition on the Spent Fuel Test-Climax at NTS. Tapes are delivered to Livermore approximately monthly. The process at this stage consists of four steps: read the binary files and convert from H-P 16-bit words to CDC 7600 60-bit words; check identification and data ranges; write the data in 6-bit ASCII (BCD) format, one data point per line; then sort the file by identifier and time.

Follower-Centered Perspective on Feedback: Effects of Feedback Seeking on Identification and Feedback Environment.

PubMed

Gong, Zhenxing; Li, Miaomiao; Qi, Yaoyuan; Zhang, Na

2017-01-01

In the formation mechanism of the feedback environment, the existing research pays attention to external feedback sources and regards individuals as objects passively accepting feedback. Thus, the external source fails to realize the individuals' need for feedback, and the feedback environment cannot provide them with useful information, leading to a feedback vacuum. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of feedback-seeking by different strategies on the supervisor-feedback environment through supervisor identification. The article consists of an empirical study with a sample of 264 employees in China; here, participants complete a series of questionnaires in three waves. After controlling for the effects of demography, the results indicate that supervisor identification partially mediates the relationship between feedback-seeking (including feedback monitoring and feedback inquiry) and the supervisor-feedback environment. Implications are also discussed.

Why eyewitnesses fail

PubMed Central

Albright, Thomas D.

2017-01-01

Eyewitness identifications play an important role in the investigation and prosecution of crimes, but it is well known that eyewitnesses make mistakes, often with serious consequences. In light of these concerns, the National Academy of Sciences recently convened a panel of experts to undertake a comprehensive study of current practice and use of eyewitness testimony, with an eye toward understanding why identification errors occur and what can be done to prevent them. The work of this committee led to key findings and recommendations for reform, detailed in a consensus report entitled Identifying the Culprit: Assessing Eyewitness Identification. In this review, I focus on the scientific issues that emerged from this study, along with brief discussions of how these issues led to specific recommendations for additional research, best practices for law enforcement, and use of eyewitness evidence by the courts. PMID:28739937

[Beliefs about the adversary, political violence and peace processes].

PubMed

Borja, Henry; Barreto, Idaly; Alzate, Mónica; Sabucedo, José Manuel; López López, Wilson

2009-11-01

The aim of this study is to test in a real political context whether or not a change in the beliefs which were fueling the political violence in question is required during the advent of a peace process. Two hypothesis are considered: a) in the case of these beliefs not being modified, there will be difficulties to reach an atmosphere of trust between both parts and the process will fail, and b) if this happens, the groups will develop more extreme beliefs against the opponent. The results obtained through a textual analysis support both hypotheses. During the failure of the peace process, neither the strategy of the delegitimization of the opponent nor the identities in conflict were modified. Consequently, when the process failed, responsibility for this failure was attributed to the opponent, and, at the same time, delegitimization against the opponent intensified.

49 CFR 501.2 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

.... (2) Chapter 303—National Driver Register. (3) Chapter 305—National Automobile Title Information.... (7) Chapter 327—Odometers. (8) Chapter 329—Automobile Fuel Economy. (9) Chapter 331—Theft Prevention... and maintenance, traffic control devices, identification and surveillance of accident locations, and...

49 CFR 501.2 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

.... (2) Chapter 303—National Driver Register. (3) Chapter 305—National Automobile Title Information.... (7) Chapter 327—Odometers. (8) Chapter 329—Automobile Fuel Economy. (9) Chapter 331—Theft Prevention... and maintenance, traffic control devices, identification and surveillance of accident locations, and...

40 CFR 52.515 - Original identification of plan section.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Natural Resources and Environmental Control. (19) The Plan revision entitled “Revisions to the..., Cylinder wipe, Emission unit, Federally enforceable, Flexography, Fugitive emission, Gas services, Gas..., Freeboard ratio, Mayor, Vehicular fuel tank. Abbreviations: (Degree), VOC, “%”. (ii) Additional material. (A...

Identification of the heart wall and chamber based on temporal change of ultrasonic scatterer distribution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takahashi, Kohei; Taki, Hirofumi; Kanai, Hiroshi

2017-07-01

In most current methods for evaluating the cardiac function by ultrasound, the heart wall area is identified manually by an examiner. To eliminate examiner dependence and to improve usability, an automatic heart wall identification method is desirable. Identification based on only echogenicity often fails because of low echogenicity of some areas of the heart wall. In the present study, to determine more essential features, we focused on the relative temporal change of ultrasonic scatterer distribution and proposed three features for identification of the heart wall and the chamber: cross-correlation of RF signals, that of envelopes, and spatial dispersion of movement vectors in small regions. In an in vivo experiment, using echogenicity and the three features, we identified the heart wall and the chamber in the left ventricular long-axis view, resulting in criteria of separability J of 1.69, 1.40, and 3.02 using these features compared with the result of 0.979 using echogenicity.

Development of Neutron Energy Spectral Signatures for Passive Monitoring of Spent Nuclear Fuels in Dry Cask Storage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harkness, Ira; Zhu, Ting; Liang, Yinong; Rauch, Eric; Enqvist, Andreas; Jordan, Kelly A.

2018-01-01

Demand for spent nuclear fuel dry casks as an interim storage solution has increased globally and the IAEA has expressed a need for robust safeguards and verification technologies for ensuring the continuity of knowledge and the integrity of radioactive materials inside spent fuel casks. Existing research has been focusing on "fingerprinting" casks based on count rate statistics to represent radiation emission signatures. The current research aims to expand to include neutron energy spectral information as part of the fuel characteristics. First, spent fuel composition data are taken from the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative Spent Fuel Libraries, representative for Westinghouse 17ˣ17 PWR assemblies. The ORIGEN-S code then calculates the spontaneous fission and (α,n) emissions for individual fuel rods, followed by detailed MCNP simulations of neutrons transported through the fuel assemblies. A comprehensive database of neutron energy spectral profiles is to be constructed, with different enrichment, burn-up, and cooling time conditions. The end goal is to utilize the computational spent fuel library, predictive algorithm, and a pressurized 4He scintillator to verify the spent fuel assemblies inside a cask. This work identifies neutron spectral signatures that correlate with the cooling time of spent fuel. Both the total and relative contributions from spontaneous fission and (α,n) change noticeably with respect to cooling time, due to the relatively short half-life (18 years) of the major neutron source 244Cm. Identification of this and other neutron spectral signatures allows the characterization of spent nuclear fuels in dry cask storage.

The Probabilistic Thinking of Primary School Pupils in Cyprus: The Case of Tree Diagrams

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lamprianou, Iasonas; Lamprianou, Thekla Afantiti

2003-01-01

In this research work we explored the nature of 9-12 year old pupils' responses to probabilistic problems with tree diagrams. It was found that a large percentage of pupils failed to respond correctly even to very simple problems that demanded the identification of "possible routes/paths" in figures with tree diagrams/mazes. The results…

Identification of an ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA1/GRIA1 polymorphism in crossbred beef cows differing in fertility

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

A proposed functional polymorphism in the ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA1 (GRIA1) has been reported to influence antral follicle numbers and fertility in cows. Repeat Breeder cows that fail to produce a calf in multiple seasons have been reported to have reduced numbers of small (1-3 mm) antral ...

Initiating heavy-atom-based phasing by multi-dimensional molecular replacement.

PubMed

Pedersen, Bjørn Panyella; Gourdon, Pontus; Liu, Xiangyu; Karlsen, Jesper Lykkegaard; Nissen, Poul

2016-03-01

To obtain an electron-density map from a macromolecular crystal the phase problem needs to be solved, which often involves the use of heavy-atom derivative crystals and concomitant heavy-atom substructure determination. This is typically performed by dual-space methods, direct methods or Patterson-based approaches, which however may fail when only poorly diffracting derivative crystals are available. This is often the case for, for example, membrane proteins. Here, an approach for heavy-atom site identification based on a molecular-replacement parameter matrix (MRPM) is presented. It involves an n-dimensional search to test a wide spectrum of molecular-replacement parameters, such as different data sets and search models with different conformations. Results are scored by the ability to identify heavy-atom positions from anomalous difference Fourier maps. The strategy was successfully applied in the determination of a membrane-protein structure, the copper-transporting P-type ATPase CopA, when other methods had failed to determine the heavy-atom substructure. MRPM is well suited to proteins undergoing large conformational changes where multiple search models should be considered, and it enables the identification of weak but correct molecular-replacement solutions with maximum contrast to prime experimental phasing efforts.

Initiating heavy-atom-based phasing by multi-dimensional molecular replacement

PubMed Central

Pedersen, Bjørn Panyella; Gourdon, Pontus; Liu, Xiangyu; Karlsen, Jesper Lykkegaard; Nissen, Poul

2016-01-01

To obtain an electron-density map from a macromolecular crystal the phase problem needs to be solved, which often involves the use of heavy-atom derivative crystals and concomitant heavy-atom substructure determination. This is typically performed by dual-space methods, direct methods or Patterson-based approaches, which however may fail when only poorly diffracting derivative crystals are available. This is often the case for, for example, membrane proteins. Here, an approach for heavy-atom site identification based on a molecular-replacement parameter matrix (MRPM) is presented. It involves an n-dimensional search to test a wide spectrum of molecular-replacement parameters, such as different data sets and search models with different conformations. Results are scored by the ability to identify heavy-atom positions from anomalous difference Fourier maps. The strategy was successfully applied in the determination of a membrane-protein structure, the copper-transporting P-type ATPase CopA, when other methods had failed to determine the heavy-atom substructure. MRPM is well suited to proteins undergoing large conformational changes where multiple search models should be considered, and it enables the identification of weak but correct molecular-replacement solutions with maximum contrast to prime experimental phasing efforts. PMID:26960131

Metabolic fuel and clinical implications for female reproduction.

PubMed

Mircea, Carmen N; Lujan, Marla E; Pierson, Roger A

2007-11-01

Reproduction is a physiologically costly process that consumes significant amounts of energy. The physiological mechanisms controlling energy balance are closely linked to fertility. This close relationship ensures that pregnancy and lactation occur only in favourable conditions with respect to energy. The primary metabolic cue that modulates reproduction is the availability of oxidizable fuel. An organism's metabolic status is transmitted to the brain through metabolic fuel detectors. There are many of these detectors at both the peripheral (e.g., leptin, insulin, ghrelin) and central (e.g., neuropeptide Y, melanocortin, orexins) levels. When oxidizable fuel is scarce, the detectors function to inhibit the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone, thereby altering steroidogenesis, reproductive cyclicity, and sexual behaviour. Infertility can also result when resources are abundant but food intake fails to compensate for increased energy demands. Examples of these conditions in women include anorexia nervosa and exercise-induced amenorrhea. Infertility associated with obesity appears to be less related to an effect of oxidizable fuel on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Impaired insulin sensitivity may play a role in the etiology of these conditions, but their specific etiology remains unresolved. Research into the metabolic regulation of reproductive function has implications for elucidating mechanisms of impaired pubertal development, nutritional amenorrhea, and obesity-related infertility. A better understanding of these etiologies has far-reaching implications for the prevention and management of reproductive dysfunction and its associated comorbidities.

Benefits of utilizing CellProfiler as a characterization tool for U-10Mo nuclear fuel

DOE PAGES

Collette, R.; Douglas, J.; Patterson, L.; ...

2015-05-01

Automated image processing techniques have the potential to aid in the performance evaluation of nuclear fuels by eliminating judgment calls that may vary from person-to-person or sample-to-sample. Analysis of in-core fuel performance is required for design and safety evaluations related to almost every aspect of the nuclear fuel cycle. This study presents a methodology for assessing the quality of uranium-molybdenum fuel images and describes image analysis routines designed for the characterization of several important microstructural properties. The analyses are performed in CellProfiler, an open-source program designed to enable biologists without training in computer vision or programming to automatically extract cellularmore » measurements from large image sets. The quality metric scores an image based on three parameters: the illumination gradient across the image, the overall focus of the image, and the fraction of the image that contains scratches. The metric presents the user with the ability to ‘pass’ or ‘fail’ an image based on a reproducible quality score. Passable images may then be characterized through a separate CellProfiler pipeline, which enlists a variety of common image analysis techniques. The results demonstrate the ability to reliably pass or fail images based on the illumination, focus, and scratch fraction of the image, followed by automatic extraction of morphological data with respect to fission gas voids, interaction layers, and grain boundaries.« less

Application of Framework for Integrating Safety, Security and Safeguards (3Ss) into the Design Of Used Nuclear Fuel Storage Facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Badwan, Faris M.; Demuth, Scott F

Department of Energy’s Office of Nuclear Energy, Fuel Cycle Research and Development develops options to the current commercial fuel cycle management strategy to enable the safe, secure, economic, and sustainable expansion of nuclear energy while minimizing proliferation risks by conducting research and development focused on used nuclear fuel recycling and waste management to meet U.S. needs. Used nuclear fuel is currently stored onsite in either wet pools or in dry storage systems, with disposal envisioned in interim storage facility and, ultimately, in a deep-mined geologic repository. The safe management and disposition of used nuclear fuel and/or nuclear waste is amore » fundamental aspect of any nuclear fuel cycle. Integrating safety, security, and safeguards (3Ss) fully in the early stages of the design process for a new nuclear facility has the potential to effectively minimize safety, proliferation, and security risks. The 3Ss integration framework could become the new national and international norm and the standard process for designing future nuclear facilities. The purpose of this report is to develop a framework for integrating the safety, security and safeguards concept into the design of Used Nuclear Fuel Storage Facility (UNFSF). The primary focus is on integration of safeguards and security into the UNFSF based on the existing Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approach to addressing the safety/security interface (10 CFR 73.58 and Regulatory Guide 5.73) for nuclear power plants. The methodology used for adaptation of the NRC safety/security interface will be used as the basis for development of the safeguards /security interface and later will be used as the basis for development of safety and safeguards interface. Then this will complete the integration cycle of safety, security, and safeguards. The overall methodology for integration of 3Ss will be proposed, but only the integration of safeguards and security will be applied to the design of the UNFSF. The framework for integration of safeguards and security into the UNFSF will include 1) identification of applicable regulatory requirements, 2) selection of a common system that share dual safeguard and security functions, 3) development of functional design criteria and design requirements for the selected system, 4) identification and integration of the dual safeguards and security design requirements, and 5) assessment of the integration and potential benefit.« less

Oil spill source identification by principal component analysis of electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectra.

PubMed

Corilo, Yuri E; Podgorski, David C; McKenna, Amy M; Lemkau, Karin L; Reddy, Christopher M; Marshall, Alan G; Rodgers, Ryan P

2013-10-01

One fundamental challenge with either acute or chronic oil spills is to identify the source, especially in highly polluted areas, near natural oil seeps, when the source contains more than one petroleum product or when extensive weathering has occurred. Here we focus on heavy fuel oil that spilled (~200,000 L) from two suspected fuel tanks that were ruptured on the motor vessel (M/V) Cosco Busan when it struck the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge in November 2007. We highlight the utility of principal component analysis (PCA) of elemental composition data obtained by high resolution FT-ICR mass spectrometry to correctly identify the source of environmental contamination caused by the unintended release of heavy fuel oil (HFO). Using ultrahigh resolution electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, we uniquely assigned thousands of elemental compositions of heteroatom-containing species in neat samples from both tanks and then applied principal component analysis. The components were based on double bond equivalents for constituents of elemental composition, CcHhN1S1. To determine if the fidelity of our source identification was affected by weathering, field samples were collected at various intervals up to two years after the spill. We are able to identify a suite of polar petroleum markers that are environmentally persistent, enabling us to confidently identify that only one tank was the source of the spilled oil: in fact, a single principal component could account for 98% of the variance. Although identification is unaffected by the presence of higher polarity, petrogenic oxidation (weathering) products, future studies may require removal of such species by anion exchange chromatography prior to mass spectral analysis due to their preferential ionization by ESI.

Department of Defense Energy Initiatives: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-12-10

alternatives and acquisition program design trades .” The provision is codified at 10 U.S.C. 2911 note. Contractor Fuel Costs The military relies on...acquisition program design trades .” The provision is codified at 10 U.S.C. 2911 note. Annual DOD Reports Relating to DOD Energy Use Congress has...should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of

Caught in a Severe Thunderstorm, Fuel Is Low, Passenger Having Heart Attack, Hydraulics Are Failing, Instruments Are Iffy, and No Airport Is in Sight: Quick--As the Pilot, What Do You Do?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Budden, Michael Craig; Budden, Connie Browning

2007-01-01

University administrators can take a cue from pilots. Pilots regularly face decision situations where much lies in the balance. So it is with university administrators. The department, college or university itself can be compared to an aircraft. In flight, there are times when the sun shines and winds are favorable: a comfortable flight results…

Embedded Media: Failed Test or the Future of Military/Media Relations?

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-03-19

Napoleon The Media View? “War is a drug…….it is peddled by myth makers, historians, war correspondents, filmmakers , novelists and the state... effectively throwing fuel on a fire that was already beginning to burn out of control. As the administration wrestled with the challenge of getting its...press censorship , no matter how complex the problems that might have generated.”10 This is an indicator of how extensively the relationship had

AGR-3/4 Irradiation Test Predictions using PARFUME

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Skerjanc, William Frances; Collin, Blaise Paul

2016-03-01

PARFUME, a fuel performance modeling code used for high temperature gas reactors, was used to model the AGR-3/4 irradiation test using as-run physics and thermal hydraulics data. The AGR-3/4 test is the combined third and fourth planned irradiations of the Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) Fuel Development and Qualification Program. The AGR-3/4 test train consists of twelve separate and independently controlled and monitored capsules. Each capsule contains four compacts filled with both uranium oxycarbide (UCO) unaltered “driver” fuel particles and UCO designed-to-fail (DTF) fuel particles. The DTF fraction was specified to be 1×10-2. This report documents the calculations performed to predictmore » failure probability of TRISO-coated fuel particles during the AGR-3/4 experiment. In addition, this report documents the calculated source term from both the driver fuel and DTF particles. The calculations include the modeling of the AGR-3/4 irradiation that occurred from December 2011 to April 2014 in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) over a total of ten ATR cycles including seven normal cycles, one low power cycle, one unplanned outage cycle, and one Power Axial Locator Mechanism cycle. Results show that failure probabilities are predicted to be low, resulting in zero fuel particle failures per capsule. The primary fuel particle failure mechanism occurred as a result of localized stresses induced by the calculated IPyC cracking. Assuming 1,872 driver fuel particles per compact, failure probability calculated by PARFUME leads to no predicted particle failure in the AGR-3/4 driver fuel. In addition, the release fraction of fission products Ag, Cs, and Sr were calculated to vary depending on capsule location and irradiation temperature. The maximum release fraction of Ag occurs in Capsule 7 reaching up to 56% for the driver fuel and 100% for the DTF fuel. The release fraction of the other two fission products, Cs and Sr, are much smaller and in most cases less than 1% for the driver fuel. The notable exception occurs in Capsule 7 where the release fraction for Cs and Sr reach up to 0.73% and 2.4%, respectively, for the driver fuel. For the DTF fuel in Capsule 7, the release fraction for Cs and Sr are estimated to be 100% and 5%, respectively.« less

Load compensation in a lean burn natural gas vehicle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gangopadhyay, Anupam

A new multivariable PI tuning technique is developed in this research that is primarily developed for regulation purposes. Design guidelines are developed based on closed-loop stability. The new multivariable design is applied in a natural gas vehicle to combine idle and A/F ratio control loops. This results in better recovery during low idle operation of a vehicle under external step torques. A powertrain model of a natural gas engine is developed and validated for steady-state and transient operation. The nonlinear model has three states: engine speed, intake manifold pressure and fuel fraction in the intake manifold. The model includes the effect of fuel partial pressure in the intake manifold filling and emptying dynamics. Due to the inclusion of fuel fraction as a state, fuel flow rate into the cylinders is also accurately modeled. A linear system identification is performed on the nonlinear model. The linear model structure is predicted analytically from the nonlinear model and the coefficients of the predicted transfer function are shown to be functions of key physical parameters in the plant. Simulations of linear system and model parameter identification is shown to converge to the predicted values of the model coefficients. The multivariable controller developed in this research could be designed in an algebraic fashion once the plant model is known. It is thus possible to implement the multivariable PI design in an adaptive fashion combining the controller with identified plant model on-line. This will result in a self-tuning regulator (STR) type controller where the underlying design criteria is the multivariable tuning technique designed in this research.

Analysis of fuel cycle strategies and U.S. transition scenarios

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wigeland, Roald; Taiwo, Temitope A.

2016-10-17

The nuclear fuel cycle Evaluation and Screening (E&S) study that was completed in October 2014 [1] enabled the identification of four fuel cycle groups that are considered most promising based on a set of nine evaluation criteria: (a) six benefit criteria of Nuclear Waste Management, Proliferation Risk, Nuclear Material Security Risk, Safety, Environmental Impact, Resource Utilization, and (b) three challenge criteria of Development and Deployment Risk, Institutional Issues, Financial Risk and Economics. The E&S study was conducted at a level of analysis that is "technology- neutral," that is, without consideration of specific technologies, but using the fundamental physics characteristics ofmore » each part of the fuel cycle. The study focused on the fuel cycle performance benefits at the fuel cycle equilibrium state, with only limited consideration of transition and deployment impacts. Common characteristics of the four most promising fuel cycle options include continuous recycle of all U/Pu or U/TRU, the use of fast-spectrum reactors, and no use of uranium enrichment once fuel cycle equilibrium has been established. The high-level wastes are mainly from processing of irradiated fuel, and there would be no disposal of any spent fuel. Building on the findings of the E&S study, additional studies have been conducted in the last two years following the information exchange meeting, the 13th IEMPT, which was held in Seoul, the Republic of Korea in 2014. Insights are presented from the recent studies on the benefits and challenges of recycling minor actinides, and transition considerations to some of the most promising fuel cycle options.« less

Testing of Lightweight Fuel Cell Vehicles System at Low Speeds with Energy Efficiency Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mustaffa, Muhammad Rizuwan B.; Mohamed, Wan Ahmad Najmi B. Wan

2013-12-01

A fuel cell vehicle power train mini test bench was developed which consists of a 1 kW open cathode hydrogen fuel cell, electric motor, wheel, gearing system, DC/DC converter and vehicle control system (VCS). Energy efficiency identification and energy flow evaluation is a useful tool in identifying a detail performance of each component and sub-systems in a fuel cell vehicle system configuration. Three artificial traction loads was simulated at 30 kg, 40 kg and 50 kg force on a single wheel drive configuration. The wheel speed range reported here covers from idle to 16 km/h (low speed range) as a preliminary input in the research work frame. The test result shows that the system efficiency is 84.5 percent when the energy flow is considered from the fuel cell to the wheel and 279 watts of electrical power was produced by the fuel cell during that time. Dynamic system responses was also identified as the load increases beyond the motor traction capabilities where the losses at the converter and motor controller increased significantly as it tries to meet the motor traction power demands. This work is currently being further expanded within the work frame of developing a road-worthy fuel cell vehicle.

Energy Security Role of Biofuels in Evolving Liquid Fuel Markets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brown, Maxwell; Uria-Martinez, Rocio; Leiby, Paul N.

We explore the role of biofuels in mitigating the negative impacts of oil supply shocks on fuel markets under a range of oil price trajectories and biofuel blending mandate levels. Using a partial equilibrium model of US biofuels production and petroleum fuels trade, we discuss the adjustments in light-duty vehicle fuel mix, fuel prices, and renewable identification number (RIN) prices following each shock as well as the distribution of shock costs across market participants. Ethanol is used as both a complement (blend component in E10) and a substitute (in E15 and E85 blends) to gasoline. Results show that, during oilmore » supply shocks, the role of ethanol as a substitute dominates and allows some mitigation of the shock. As US petroleum imports decrease with growing US oil production, the net economic welfare effect of sudden oil price changes and the energy security role of biofuels becomes less clear than it has been in the past. Although fuel consumers lose when oil price increases due to an external shock, domestic fuel producers gain. In some cases, depending on import share and supply and demand elasticities, we show that the gain to producers could more than offset consumer losses. However, in most cases evaluated here, sudden oil-price increases remain costly.« less

Building application of solar energy. Study no. 2: Representative buildings for solar energy performance analysis and market penetration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hirshberg, A. S.

1975-01-01

The following topics are discussed: (1) Assignment of population to microclimatic zones; (2) specifications of the mix of buildings in the SCE territory; (3) specification of four typical buildings for thermal analysis and market penetration studies; (4) identification of the materials and energy conserving characteristics of these typical buildings; (5) specifications of the HVAC functions used in each typical building, and determination of the HVAC systems used in each building; and (6) identification of the type of fuel used in each building.

Evaluating and Addressing Potential Hazards of Fuel Tanks Surviving Atmospheric Reentry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kelley, Robert L.; Johnson, Nicholas L.

2011-01-01

In order to ensure reentering spacecraft do not pose an undue risk to the Earth's population it is important to design satellites and rocket bodies with end of life considerations in mind. In addition to considering the possible consequences of deorbiting a vehicle, consideration must also be given to the possible risks associated with a vehicle failing to become operational or reach its intended orbit. Based on recovered space debris and numerous reentry survivability analyses, fuel tanks are of particular concern in both of these considerations. Most spacecraft utilize some type of fuel tank as part of their propulsion system. These fuel tanks are most often constructed using stainless steel or titanium and are filled with potentially hazardous substances such as hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide. For a vehicle which has reached its scheduled end of mission the contents of the tanks are typically depleted. In this scenario the use of stainless steel and titanium results in the tanks posing a risk to people and property do to the high melting point and large heat of ablation of these materials leading to likely survival of the tank during reentry. If a large portion of the fuel is not depleted prior to reentry, there is the added risk of hazardous substance being released when the tank impact the ground. This paper presents a discussion of proactive methods which have been utilized by NASA satellite projects to address the risks associated with fuel tanks reentering the atmosphere. In particular it will address the design of a demiseable fuel tank as well as the evaluation of off the shelf designs which are selected to burst during reentry.

Technologies and Materials for Recovering Waste Heat in Harsh Environments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nimbalkar, Sachin U.; Thekdi, Arvind; Rogers, Benjamin M.

2014-12-15

A large amount (7,204 TBtu/year) of energy is used for process heating by the manufacturing sector in the United States (US). This energy is in the form of fuels mostly natural gas with some coal or other fuels and steam generated using fuels such as natural gas, coal, by-product fuels, and some others. Combustion of these fuels results in the release of heat, which is used for process heating, and in the generation of combustion products that are discharged from the heating system. All major US industries use heating equipment such as furnaces, ovens, heaters, kilns, and dryers. The hotmore » exhaust gases from this equipment, after providing the necessary process heat, are discharged into the atmosphere through stacks. This report deals with identification of industries and industrial heating processes in which the exhaust gases are at high temperature (>1200 F), contain all of the types of reactive constituents described, and can be considered as harsh or contaminated. It also identifies specific issues related to WHR for each of these processes or waste heat streams.« less

Mexico: The Crisis of Identity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ewen, Alexander

1994-01-01

Examines the place of Indian people in Mexican society and politics, from the conquest to the 1994 Zapatista uprising in Chiapas (fueled by the threat to rural indigenous communal lands posed by economic reforms). Although Indianness is celebrated as contributing to the idealized mestizo "race," self-identification as Indian threatens…

40 CFR 52.515 - Original identification of plan section.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Amendments to Sections 8-2:702 (Definitions), 8-2:708 (Fuel Burning Particulate Emission) and 8-2:720..., submitted on December 6, 1983. (25) Plan revision, excluding the required vehicle emission inspection... Carbon Monoxide Attainment Plan consisting of an approvable vehicle emission inspection and maintenance...

40 CFR 52.2770 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... approval, the sulfur-in-fuel-oil limitation to 1.5 percent, by weight, applicable to Martin Marietta... weight, applicable to Martin Marietta Alumina and the Hess Oil Virgin Islands Corporation, both located..., applicable to Martin Marietta Alumina and the Hess Oil Virgin Islands Corporation, both located in the...

Identification by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of an Actinomyces hongkongensis isolate recovered from a patient with pelvic actinomycosis.

PubMed

Flynn, A N; Lyndon, C A; Church, D L

2013-08-01

A case of Actinomyces hongkongensis pelvic actinomycosis in an adult woman is described. Conventional phenotypic tests failed to identify the Gram-positive bacillus isolated from a fluid aspirate of a pelvic abscess. The bacterium was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis using the SmartGene Integrated Database Network System software.

Student Enrollment in a Supplement Course for Anatomy and Physiology Results in Improved Retention and Success

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hopper, Mari

2011-01-01

Anatomy and Physiology I (A&P 1) has one of the highest failure and withdrawal rates on campus. To increase academic success, a course to supplement A&P 1 (Supplement) was developed and taught by anatomy and physiology faculty. Primary goals for the Supplement included (1) early identification of students at risk for failing or withdrawal;…

Molecular Genetics of Sex Identification, Breed Ancestry and Polydactyly in the Norwegian Lundehund Breed.

PubMed

Kropatsch, Regina; Melis, Claudia; Stronen, Astrid V; Jensen, Henrik; Epplen, Joerg T

2015-01-01

The Norwegian Lundehund breed of dog has undergone a severe loss of genetic diversity as a result of inbreeding and epizootics of canine distemper. As a consequence, the breed is extremely homogeneous and accurate sex identification is not always possible by standard screening of X-chromosomal loci. To improve our genetic understanding of the breed we genotyped 17 individuals using a genome-wide array of 170 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Standard analyses based on expected homozygosity of X-chromosomal loci failed in assigning individuals to the correct sex, as determined initially by physical examination and confirmed with the Y-chromosomal marker, amelogenin. This demonstrates that identification of sex using standard SNP assays can be erroneous in highly inbred individuals. © The American Genetic Association 2015. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Follower-Centered Perspective on Feedback: Effects of Feedback Seeking on Identification and Feedback Environment

PubMed Central

Gong, Zhenxing; Li, Miaomiao; Qi, Yaoyuan; Zhang, Na

2017-01-01

In the formation mechanism of the feedback environment, the existing research pays attention to external feedback sources and regards individuals as objects passively accepting feedback. Thus, the external source fails to realize the individuals’ need for feedback, and the feedback environment cannot provide them with useful information, leading to a feedback vacuum. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of feedback-seeking by different strategies on the supervisor-feedback environment through supervisor identification. The article consists of an empirical study with a sample of 264 employees in China; here, participants complete a series of questionnaires in three waves. After controlling for the effects of demography, the results indicate that supervisor identification partially mediates the relationship between feedback-seeking (including feedback monitoring and feedback inquiry) and the supervisor-feedback environment. Implications are also discussed. PMID:28919872

KSC-05PD-1590

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. Media gather in the television studio at the NASA News Center to hear members of the Mission Management Team reveal aspects of the troubleshooting and testing being done on the liquid hydrogen tank low-level fuel cut-off sensor. On the stage at right are (from left) Bruce Buckingham, NASA news chief; Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle deputy program manager; John Muratore, manager of Systems Engineering and Integration for the Space Shuttle Program; and Mike Wetmore, director of Space Shuttle Processing. The sensor failed a routine prelaunch check during the launch countdown July 13, causing mission managers to scrub Discovery's first launch attempt. The sensor protects the Shuttle's main engines by triggering their shutdown in the event fuel runs unexpectedly low. The sensor is one of four inside the liquid hydrogen section of the External Tank (ET).

Blended Wing Body (BWB) Boundary Layer Ingestion (BLI) Inlet Configuration and System Studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kawai, Ronald T.; Friedman, Douglas M.; Serrano, Leonel

2006-01-01

A study was conducted to determine the potential reduction in fuel burned for BLI (boundary layer ingestion) inlets on a BWB (blended wing body) airplane employing AFC (active flow control). The BWB is a revolutionary type airplane configuration with engines on the aft upper surface where thick boundary layer offers the greatest opportunity for ram drag reduction. AFC is an emerging technology for boundary layer control. Several BLI inlet configurations were analyzed in the NASA-developed RANS Overflow CFD code. The study determined that, while large reductions in ram drag result from BLI, lower inlet pressure recovery produces engine performance penalties that largely offset this ram drag reduction. AFC could, however, enable a short BLI inlet that allows surface mounting of the engine which, when coupled with a short diffuser, would significantly reduce drag and weight for a potential 10% reduction in fuel burned. Continuing studies are therefore recommended to achieve this reduction in fuel burned considering the use of more modest amounts of BLI coupled with both AFC and PFC (Passive Flow Control) to produce a fail-operational system.

Parameter identification in ODE models with oscillatory dynamics: a Fourier regularization approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chiara D'Autilia, Maria; Sgura, Ivonne; Bozzini, Benedetto

2017-12-01

In this paper we consider a parameter identification problem (PIP) for data oscillating in time, that can be described in terms of the dynamics of some ordinary differential equation (ODE) model, resulting in an optimization problem constrained by the ODEs. In problems with this type of data structure, simple application of the direct method of control theory (discretize-then-optimize) yields a least-squares cost function exhibiting multiple ‘low’ minima. Since in this situation any optimization algorithm is liable to fail in the approximation of a good solution, here we propose a Fourier regularization approach that is able to identify an iso-frequency manifold {{ S}} of codimension-one in the parameter space \

Causes and Mitigation of Fuel Pilot Operated Valve Pilot Seal Extrusion in Space Shuttle Orbiter Primary RCS Thrusters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Waller, Jess M.; Roth, Tim E.; Saulsberry, Regor L.; Haney, William A.; Kelly, Terence S; Forsyth, Bradley S.

2004-01-01

Extrusion of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) pilot seal located in the Space Shuttle Orbiter Primary Reaction Control Subsystem (PRCS) thruster fuel valve has been implicated in 68 ground and on-orbit fuel valve failures. A rash of six extrusion-related in-flight anomalies over a six-mission span from December 2001 to October 2002 led to heightened activity at various NASA centers, and the formation of a multidisciplinary team to solve the problem. Empirical and theoretical approaches were used. For example, thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and exposure tests showed that some extrusion is produced by thermal cycling; however, a review of thruster service histories did not reveal a strong link between thermal cycling and extrusion. Calculations showed that the amount of observed extrusion often exceeded the amount allowed by thermally-induced stress relief. Failure analysis of failed hardware also revealed the presence of fuel-oxidizer reaction product (FORP) inside the fuel valve pilot seal cavity, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the FORP was intimately associated with the pilot seal material. Component-level exposure tests showed that FORP of similar composition could be produced by adjacent oxidizer valve leakage in the absence of thruster firing. Specific gravity data showed that extruded fuel valve pilot seals were less dense than new pilot seals or oxidizer valve pilot seals, indicating permanent modification of the PTFE occurred during service. It is concluded that some thermally-induced extrusion is unavoidable; however, oxidizer leakage-induced extrusion is mostly avoidable and can be mitigated. Several engineering level mitigation strategies are discussed.

Intelligent Design and Intelligent Failure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jerman, Gregory

2015-01-01

Good Evening, my name is Greg Jerman and for nearly a quarter century I have been performing failure analysis on NASA's aerospace hardware. During that time I had the distinct privilege of keeping the Space Shuttle flying for two thirds of its history. I have analyzed a wide variety of failed hardware from simple electrical cables to cryogenic fuel tanks to high temperature turbine blades. During this time I have found that for all the time we spend intelligently designing things, we need to be equally intelligent about understanding why things fail. The NASA Flight Director for Apollo 13, Gene Kranz, is best known for the expression "Failure is not an option." However, NASA history is filled with failures both large and small, so it might be more accurate to say failure is inevitable. It is how we react and learn from our failures that makes the difference.

An analysis of the technical status of high level radioactive waste and spent fuel management systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

English, T.; Miller, C.; Bullard, E.; Campbell, R.; Chockie, A.; Divita, E.; Douthitt, C.; Edelson, E.; Lees, L.

1977-01-01

The technical status of the old U.S. mailine program for high level radioactive nuclear waste management, and the newly-developing program for disposal of unreprocessed spent fuel was assessed. The method of long term containment for both of these waste forms is considered to be deep geologic isolation in bedded salt. Each major component of both waste management systems is analyzed in terms of its scientific feasibility, technical achievability and engineering achievability. The resulting matrix leads to a systematic identification of major unresolved technical or scientific questions and/or gaps in these programs.

Guide to Permitting Hydrogen Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rivkin, Carl; Buttner, William; Burgess, Robert

2016-03-28

The purpose of this guide is to assist project developers, permitting officials, code enforcement officials, and other parties involved in developing permit applications and approving the implementation of hydrogen motor fuel dispensing facilities. The guide facilitates the identification of the elements to be addressed in the permitting of a project as it progresses through the approval process; the specific requirements associated with those elements; and the applicable (or potentially applicable) codes and standards by which to determine whether the specific requirements have been met. The guide attempts to identify all applicable codes and standards relevant to the permitting requirements.

Exploration for fossil and nuclear fuels from orbital altitudes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Short, N. M.

1975-01-01

A review of satellite-based photographic (optical and infrared) and microwave exploration and large-area mapping of the earth's surface in the ERTS program. Synoptic cloud-free coverage of large areas has been achieved with planimetric vertical views of the earth's surface useful in compiling close-to-orthographic mosaics. Radar penetration of cloud cover and infrared penetration of forest cover have been successful to some extent. Geological applications include map editing (with corrections in scale and computer processing of images), landforms analysis, structural geology studies, lithological identification, and exploration for minerals and fuels. Limitations of the method are noted.

HLRW management during MR reactor decommissioning in NRC 'Kurchatov Institute'

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chesnokov, Alexander; Ivanov, Oleg; Kolyadin, Vyacheslav

2013-07-01

A program of decommissioning of MR research reactor in the Kurchatov institute started in 2008. The decommissioning work presumed a preliminary stage, which included: removal of spent fuel from near reactor storage; removal of spent fuel assemble of metal liquid loop channel from a core; identification, sorting and disposal of radioactive objects from gateway of the reactor; identification, sorting and disposal of radioactive objects from cells of HLRW storage of the Kurchatov institute for radwaste creating form the decommissioning of MR. All these works were performed by a remote controlled means with use of a remote identification methods of highmore » radioactive objects. A distribution of activity along high radiated objects was measured by a collimated radiometer installed on the robot Brokk-90, a gamma image of the object was registered by gamma-visor. Spectrum of gamma radiation was measured by a gamma locator and semiconductor detector system. For identification of a presence of uranium isotopes in the HLRW a technique, based on the registration of characteristic radiation of U, was developed. For fragmentation of high radiated objects was used a cold cutting technique and dust suppression system was applied for reduction of volume activity of aerosols in air. The management of HLRW was performed by remote controlled robots Brokk-180 and Brokk-330. They executed sorting, cutting and parking of high radiated part of contaminated equipment. The use of these techniques allowed to reduce individual and collective doses of personal performed the decommissioning. The average individual dose of the personnel was 1,9 mSv/year in 2011, and the collective dose is estimated by 0,0605 man x Sv/year. Use of the remote control machines enables reducing the number of working personal (20 men) and doses. X-ray spectrometric methods enable determination of a presence of the U in high radiated objects and special cans and separation of them for further spent fuel inspection. The sorting of radwaste enabled shipping of the LLRW and ILRW to special repositories and keeping of the HLRW for decay in the Kurchatov institute repository. (authors)« less

Transforming the Way DOD Looks at Energy. An Approach to Establishing an Energy Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-01

than the aromatic-containing, petroleum-based gasoline and diesel, reducing emissions . Two biofuels in current use are B20 and E85.6 These fuels...penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE APR 2007 2...areas of disconnect between DoD’s current energy consump- tion practices and the capability requirements of its strategic goals: Strategic. DoD seeks

U.S. Airline Transport Pilot International Flight Language Experiences, Report 3: Language Experiences in Non-Native English-Speaking Airspace/Airports

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-05-01

Aviation Administration Oklahoma City, OK 73125 Alan Campbell Johns Creek, GA 30022 Alfred M. Hendrix Ruby Hendrix HCS Consulting Services Roswell , NM...OK 73125 2A. Campbell, Johns Creek, GA, 30022 3HCS Consulting Service, Roswell , NM 88201 12. Sponsoring Agency name and Address 13. Type...52 was making its third approach into JFK Airport and failed to inform air traffic control they had a fuel emergency and crashed . 2 In November

Rand Corporation National Security Research Division. Annual Report 2010-2011

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

Approval of Sole-Source DoD Contracts to Native American Organizations A n nuA l R e p o R t 2 0 1 0 – 2 0 11 29 Alternative Fuels for the...average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed...shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1

KSC-2011-3201

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-05-01

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- This diagram of a space shuttle orbiter shows the location of avionics bay 5. Space shuttle Endeavour was scheduled to launch on the STS-134 mission to the International Space Station on April 29, but that attempt was scrubbed to allow engineers to assess an issue associated with failed heaters on a fuel line for Endeavour's auxiliary power unit-1 (APU-1). STS-134 will be the final spaceflight for Endeavour. For more information, visit www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts134/index.html. Image credit: NASA

Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) over-the-wing control system design report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

A control system incorporating a digital electronic control was designed for the over-the-wing engine. The digital electronic control serves as the primary controlling element for engine fuel flow and core compressor stator position. It also includes data monitoring capability, a unique failure indication and corrective action feature, and optional provisions for operating with a new type of servovalve designed to operate in response to a digital-type signal and to fail with its output device hydraulically locked into position.

Air Superiority and Airfield Attack - Lessons from History.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-05-15

escaped the port of Dunkirk and the Luftwaffe had failed miserably to fulfill Giring’s unwarranted boast, "My.Luftwaffe will do it alone.",25 In the forty...AMIENS + CHERBOURG LE HARV" le11 0+ + Figure 2. Combat environment. 35 a single-engine fighter with a flashing fuel-warning light or oil streaming...Brussels-Evere (c) Brussels-Grimbergen (d) Brussels-Melsbrock (e) Antwerp-Durne (f) St. Trond (g) Le Culot (h) Asch (2) Holland (a) Eindhoven, and

Chemocoding as an identification tool where morphological- and DNA-based methods fall short: Inga as a case study.

PubMed

Endara, María-José; Coley, Phyllis D; Wiggins, Natasha L; Forrister, Dale L; Younkin, Gordon C; Nicholls, James A; Pennington, R Toby; Dexter, Kyle G; Kidner, Catherine A; Stone, Graham N; Kursar, Thomas A

2018-04-01

The need for species identification and taxonomic discovery has led to the development of innovative technologies for large-scale plant identification. DNA barcoding has been useful, but fails to distinguish among many species in species-rich plant genera, particularly in tropical regions. Here, we show that chemical fingerprinting, or 'chemocoding', has great potential for plant identification in challenging tropical biomes. Using untargeted metabolomics in combination with multivariate analysis, we constructed species-level fingerprints, which we define as chemocoding. We evaluated the utility of chemocoding with species that were defined morphologically and subject to next-generation DNA sequencing in the diverse and recently radiated neotropical genus Inga (Leguminosae), both at single study sites and across broad geographic scales. Our results show that chemocoding is a robust method for distinguishing morphologically similar species at a single site and for identifying widespread species across continental-scale ranges. Given that species are the fundamental unit of analysis for conservation and biodiversity research, the development of accurate identification methods is essential. We suggest that chemocoding will be a valuable additional source of data for a quick identification of plants, especially for groups where other methods fall short. © 2018 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2018 New Phytologist Trust.

Multicenter Evaluation of the Vitek MS Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry System for Identification of Gram-Positive Aerobic Bacteria

PubMed Central

Burnham, Carey-Ann D.; Bythrow, Maureen; Garner, Omai B.; Ginocchio, Christine C.; Jennemann, Rebecca; Lewinski, Michael A.; Manji, Ryhana; Mochon, A. Brian; Procop, Gary W.; Richter, Sandra S.; Sercia, Linda; Westblade, Lars F.; Ferraro, Mary Jane; Branda, John A.

2013-01-01

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) is gaining momentum as a tool for bacterial identification in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Compared with conventional methods, this technology can more readily and conveniently identify a wide range of organisms. Here, we report the findings from a multicenter study to evaluate the Vitek MS v2.0 system (bioMérieux, Inc.) for the identification of aerobic Gram-positive bacteria. A total of 1,146 unique isolates, representing 13 genera and 42 species, were analyzed, and results were compared to those obtained by nucleic acid sequence-based identification as the reference method. For 1,063 of 1,146 isolates (92.8%), the Vitek MS provided a single identification that was accurate to the species level. For an additional 31 isolates (2.7%), multiple possible identifications were provided, all correct at the genus level. Mixed-genus or single-choice incorrect identifications were provided for 18 isolates (1.6%). Although no identification was obtained for 33 isolates (2.9%), there was no specific bacterial species for which the Vitek MS consistently failed to provide identification. In a subset of 463 isolates representing commonly encountered important pathogens, 95% were accurately identified to the species level and there were no misidentifications. Also, in all but one instance, the Vitek MS correctly differentiated Streptococcus pneumoniae from other viridans group streptococci. The findings demonstrate that the Vitek MS system is highly accurate for the identification of Gram-positive aerobic bacteria in the clinical laboratory setting. PMID:23658261

Multicenter evaluation of the Vitek MS matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry system for identification of Gram-positive aerobic bacteria.

PubMed

Rychert, Jenna; Burnham, Carey-Ann D; Bythrow, Maureen; Garner, Omai B; Ginocchio, Christine C; Jennemann, Rebecca; Lewinski, Michael A; Manji, Ryhana; Mochon, A Brian; Procop, Gary W; Richter, Sandra S; Sercia, Linda; Westblade, Lars F; Ferraro, Mary Jane; Branda, John A

2013-07-01

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) is gaining momentum as a tool for bacterial identification in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Compared with conventional methods, this technology can more readily and conveniently identify a wide range of organisms. Here, we report the findings from a multicenter study to evaluate the Vitek MS v2.0 system (bioMérieux, Inc.) for the identification of aerobic Gram-positive bacteria. A total of 1,146 unique isolates, representing 13 genera and 42 species, were analyzed, and results were compared to those obtained by nucleic acid sequence-based identification as the reference method. For 1,063 of 1,146 isolates (92.8%), the Vitek MS provided a single identification that was accurate to the species level. For an additional 31 isolates (2.7%), multiple possible identifications were provided, all correct at the genus level. Mixed-genus or single-choice incorrect identifications were provided for 18 isolates (1.6%). Although no identification was obtained for 33 isolates (2.9%), there was no specific bacterial species for which the Vitek MS consistently failed to provide identification. In a subset of 463 isolates representing commonly encountered important pathogens, 95% were accurately identified to the species level and there were no misidentifications. Also, in all but one instance, the Vitek MS correctly differentiated Streptococcus pneumoniae from other viridans group streptococci. The findings demonstrate that the Vitek MS system is highly accurate for the identification of Gram-positive aerobic bacteria in the clinical laboratory setting.

Vitek 2 ANC card versus BBL Crystal Anaerobe and RapID ANA II for identification of clinical anaerobic bacteria.

PubMed

Blairon, Laurent; Maza, Mengi L; Wybo, Ingrid; Piérard, Denis; Dediste, Anne; Vandenberg, Olivier

2010-08-01

The Vitek 2 Anaerobe and Corynebacterium Identification Card (ANC) was recently evaluated in a multicentre study. In the present work, this system was compared with the BBL Crystal Anaerobe and RapID ANA II panels. These kits were tested using 196 strains of anaerobes that had been previously identified by gas-liquid chromatography. Identification to the species or to the genus level was 75.0%, 81.1% and 70.9% for Crystal, RapID and Vitek, respectively. Vitek ANC failed to provide any identification in 20.4% of the strains, but it had fewer misidentifications than RapID. The confidence factors provided on the results report of each kit were not always correlated with a lower risk of major errors, with the exception of Vitek 2 in which a confidence factor higher than 0.86 excluded the risk of misidentification in more than 87% of isolates. The lower rate of identification by the Vitek and Crystal panels is mostly due the lower ability of these systems to identify the Clostridia. Overall, the three panels are comparable but need improvement to a better accuracy. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 52.515 - Original identification of plan section.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... decision (District of Columbia v. Costle, 567 F. 2d 1091 (D.C. Cir. 1977)), Congressional action, or... material. (A) Remainder of October 22, 1993 District of Columbia submittal. (29)-(31) [Reserved] (32..., Freeboard ratio, Mayor, Vehicular fuel tank. Abbreviations: (Degree), VOC, “%”. (ii) Additional material. (A...

40 CFR 52.515 - Original identification of plan section.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., 567 F. 2d 1091 (D.C. Cir. 1977)), Congressional action, or rescission by EPA. (20) Inspection and... September 30, 1993. (ii) Additional material. (A) Remainder of October 22, 1993 District of Columbia..., Freeboard ratio, Mayor, Vehicular fuel tank. Abbreviations: (Degree), VOC, “%”. (ii) Additional material. (A...

40 CFR 52.2470 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) as in effect 10/18/90; Washington Administrative Code Chapter 173-433 (Solid Fuel Burning Device... supplements to include the VMT Tracking Report data required for the Puget Sound CO Nonattainment Areas, dated... its I/M program in the two Washington ozone nonattainment areas classified as “marginal” and in the...

40 CFR 63.1003 - Equipment identification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... a group, and the number of connectors subject is indicated. (2) Routed to a process or fuel gas... of this subpart. Individual components in an instrumentation system need not be identified. (5) Equipment in service less than 300 hours per calendar year. The identity, either by list, location (area or...

40 CFR 63.1003 - Equipment identification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... a group, and the number of connectors subject is indicated. (2) Routed to a process or fuel gas... of this subpart. Individual components in an instrumentation system need not be identified. (5) Equipment in service less than 300 hours per calendar year. The identity, either by list, location (area or...

40 CFR 63.1003 - Equipment identification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... a group, and the number of connectors subject is indicated. (2) Routed to a process or fuel gas... of this subpart. Individual components in an instrumentation system need not be identified. (5) Equipment in service less than 300 hours per calendar year. The identity, either by list, location (area or...

40 CFR 63.1003 - Equipment identification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... a group, and the number of connectors subject is indicated. (2) Routed to a process or fuel gas... of this subpart. Individual components in an instrumentation system need not be identified. (5) Equipment in service less than 300 hours per calendar year. The identity, either by list, location (area or...

77 FR 20438 - Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation, Virginia Electric and Power Company: North Anna...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-04

... Units 1 and 2 AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Issuance of an environmental assessment and finding of no significant impact. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jennie Rankin, Project Manager..., located in Louisa County, Virginia. II. Environmental Assessment (EA) Identification of Proposed Action...

40 CFR 52.1535 - Original identification of plan section.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Pollution Control Agency. (2) Non-regulatory provisions for retention and availability of air quality data submitted on March 23, 1972, by the New Hampshire Air Pollution Control Agency. (3) Attainment dates of... Pollution Control Agency. (4) Revision of regulation No. 5, section 111.A, limiting sulfur content of fuels...

40 CFR 52.1535 - Original identification of plan section.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Pollution Control Agency. (2) Non-regulatory provisions for retention and availability of air quality data submitted on March 23, 1972, by the New Hampshire Air Pollution Control Agency. (3) Attainment dates of... Pollution Control Agency. (4) Revision of regulation No. 5, section 111.A, limiting sulfur content of fuels...

40 CFR 52.1535 - Original identification of plan section.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Pollution Control Agency. (2) Non-regulatory provisions for retention and availability of air quality data submitted on March 23, 1972, by the New Hampshire Air Pollution Control Agency. (3) Attainment dates of... Pollution Control Agency. (4) Revision of regulation No. 5, section 111.A, limiting sulfur content of fuels...

40 CFR 52.1535 - Original identification of plan section.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Pollution Control Agency. (2) Non-regulatory provisions for retention and availability of air quality data submitted on March 23, 1972, by the New Hampshire Air Pollution Control Agency. (3) Attainment dates of... Pollution Control Agency. (4) Revision of regulation No. 5, section 111.A, limiting sulfur content of fuels...

40 CFR 52.1535 - Original identification of plan section.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Pollution Control Agency. (2) Non-regulatory provisions for retention and availability of air quality data submitted on March 23, 1972, by the New Hampshire Air Pollution Control Agency. (3) Attainment dates of... Pollution Control Agency. (4) Revision of regulation No. 5, section 111.A, limiting sulfur content of fuels...

A transcriptional signature of "exercise resistance" in skeletal muscle of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

PubMed

Stephens, Natalie A; Xie, Hui; Johannsen, Neil M; Church, Timothy S; Smith, Steven R; Sparks, Lauren M

2015-09-01

Exercise benefits most, but not all, individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to determine whether a proportion of individuals with T2DM would fail to demonstrate exercise-induced metabolic improvements. We hypothesized that this lack of response would be related to their skeletal muscle transcriptional profile. 42 participants with T2DM from the previously reported HART-D study underwent a 9-month supervised exercise intervention. We performed a principal components analysis to distinguish Responders from Non-Responders (n=9 each) based on: decreases in (1) HbA1c, (2) %fat (3) BMI and (4) increase in skeletal muscle mtDNA. mRNA expression patterns in muscle tissue at baseline were assessed by microarray and qRT-PCR analysis in both groups. Of 186 genes identified by microarray analysis, 70% were up-regulated in Responders and down-regulated in Non-Responders. Several genes involved in substrate metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis were significantly different (fold-change>1.5, p<0.05) between the groups at baseline, indicating a blunted oxidative capacity at baseline in Non-Responders. These data suggest that a unique baseline expression pattern of genes involved in muscle fuel metabolism may predict an individual's lack of exercise response in metabolic outcomes, thus allowing exercise interventions to be targeted to these individuals and aid in the identification of novel approaches to treat Non-Responders in the future. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for the Measurement of Spatial Structures and Fuel Distribution in Flames.

PubMed

Kotzagianni, Maria; Kakkava, Eirini; Couris, Stelios

2016-04-01

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is used for the mapping of local structures (i.e., reactants and products zones) and for the determination of fuel distribution by means of the local equivalence ratio ϕ in laminar, premixed air-hydrocarbon flames. The determination of laser threshold energy to induce breakdown in the different zones of flames is employed for the identification and demarcation of the local structures of a premixed laminar flame, while complementary results about fuel concentration were obtained from measurements of the cyanogen (CN) band Β(2)Σ(+)--Χ(2)Σ(+), (Δυ = 0) at 388.3 nm and the ratio of the atomic lines of hydrogen (Hα) and oxygen (O(I)), Hα/O. The combination of these LIBS-based methods provides a relatively simple to use, rapid, and accurate tool for online and in situ combustion diagnostics, providing valuable information about the fuel distribution and the spatial variations of the local structures of a flame. © The Author(s) 2016.

Professionally responsible malpractice reform.

PubMed

Brody, Howard; Hermer, Laura D

2011-07-01

Medical malpractice reform is both necessary and desirable, yet certain types of reform are clearly preferable to others. We argue that "traditional" tort reform remedies such as stringent damage caps not only fail to address the root causes of negligence and the adverse effects that fear of suit can have on physicians, but also fail to address the needs of patients. Physicians ought to view themselves as professionals who are dedicated to putting patients' interests ahead of their own. Professionally responsible malpractice reform should therefore be at least as patient-centered as it is physician-centered. Examples of more professionally responsible malpractice reform exist where institutions take a pro-active approach to identification, investigation, and remediation of possible malpractice. Such programs should be implemented more generally, and state laws enacted to facilitate them.

System analysis with improved thermo-mechanical fuel rod models for modeling current and advanced LWR materials in accident scenarios

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Porter, Ian Edward

A nuclear reactor systems code has the ability to model the system response in an accident scenario based on known initial conditions at the onset of the transient. However, there has been a tendency for these codes to lack the detailed thermo-mechanical fuel rod response models needed for accurate prediction of fuel rod failure. This proposed work will couple today's most widely used steady-state (FRAPCON) and transient (FRAPTRAN) fuel rod models with a systems code TRACE for best-estimate modeling of system response in accident scenarios such as a loss of coolant accident (LOCA). In doing so, code modifications will be made to model gamma heating in LWRs during steady-state and accident conditions and to improve fuel rod thermal/mechanical analysis by allowing axial nodalization of burnup-dependent phenomena such as swelling, cladding creep and oxidation. With the ability to model both burnup-dependent parameters and transient fuel rod response, a fuel dispersal study will be conducted using a hypothetical accident scenario under both PWR and BWR conditions to determine the amount of fuel dispersed under varying conditions. Due to the fuel fragmentation size and internal rod pressure both being dependent on burnup, this analysis will be conducted at beginning, middle and end of cycle to examine the effects that cycle time can play on fuel rod failure and dispersal. Current fuel rod and system codes used by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) are compilations of legacy codes with only commonly used light water reactor materials, Uranium Dioxide (UO2), Mixed Oxide (U/PuO 2) and zirconium alloys. However, the events at Fukushima Daiichi and Three Mile Island accident have shown the need for exploration into advanced materials possessing improved accident tolerance. This work looks to further modify the NRC codes to include silicon carbide (SiC), an advanced cladding material proposed by current DOE funded research on accident tolerant fuels (ATF). Several additional fuels will also be analyzed, including uranium nitride (UN), uranium carbide (UC) and uranium silicide (U3Si2). Focusing on the system response in an accident scenario, an emphasis is placed on the fracture mechanics of the ceramic cladding by design the fuel rods to eliminate pellet cladding mechanical interaction (PCMI). The time to failure and how much of the fuel in the reactor fails with an advanced fuel design will be analyzed and compared to the current UO2/Zircaloy design using a full scale reactor model.

Predicting the velocity and azimuth of fragments generated by the range destruction or random failure of rocket casings and tankage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eck, M.; Mukunda, M.

The proliferation of space vehicle launch sites and the projected utilization of these facilities portends an increase in the number of on-pad, ascent, and on-orbit solid-rocket motor (SRM) casings and liquid-rocket tanks which will randomly fail or will fail from range destruct actions. Beyond the obvious safety implications, these failures may have serious resource implications for mission system and facility planners. SRM-casing failures and liquid-rocket tankage failures result in the generation of large, high velocity fragments which may be serious threats to the safety of launch support personnel if proper bunkers and exclusion areas are not provided. In addition, these fragments may be indirect threats to the general public's safety if they encounter hazardous spacecraft payloads which have not been designed to withstand shrapnel of this caliber. They may also become threats to other spacecraft if, by failing on-orbit, they add to the ever increasing space-junk collision cross-section. Most prior attempts to assess the velocity of fragments from failed SRM casings have simply assigned the available chamber impulse to available casing and fuel mass and solved the resulting momentum balance for velocity. This method may predict a fragment velocity which is high or low by a factor of two depending on the ratio of fuel to casing mass extant at the time of failure. Recognizing the limitations of existing methods, the authors devised an analytical approach which properly partitions the available impulse to each major system-mass component. This approach uses the Physics International developed PISCES code to couple the forces generated by an Eulerian modeled gas flow field to a Lagrangian modeled fuel and casing system. The details of a predictive analytical modeling process as well as the development of normalized relations for momentum partition as a function of SRM burn time and initial geometry are discussed in this paper. Methods for applying similar modeling techniques to liquid-tankage-over-pressure failures are also discussed. These methods have been calibrated against observed SRM ascent failures and on-orbit tankage failures. Casing-quadrant sized fragments with velocities exceeding 100 m/s resulted from Titan 34D-SRM range destruct actions at 10 s mission elapsed time (MET). Casing-quadrant sized fragments with velocities of approx. 200 m/s resulted from STS-SRM range destruct actions at 110 s MET. Similar sized fragments for Ariane third stage and Delta second stage tankage were predicted to have maximum velocities of 260 and 480 m/s respectively. Good agreement was found between the predictions and observations for five specific events and it was concluded that the methods developed have good potential for use in predicting the fragmentation process of a number of generically similar casing and tankage systems.

A prospective clinical study to evaluate the safety and performance of wireless localization of nonpalpable breast lesions using radiofrequency identification technology.

PubMed

Dauphine, Christine; Reicher, Joshua J; Reicher, Murray A; Gondusky, Christina; Khalkhali, Iraj; Kim, Michelle

2015-06-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and performance of localizing nonpalpable breast lesions using radiofrequency identification technology. Twenty consecutive women requiring preoperative localization of a breast lesion were recruited. Subjects underwent placement of both a hook wire and a radiofrequency identification tag immediately before surgery. The radiofrequency identification tag was the primary method used by the operating surgeon to localize each lesion during excision, with the hook wire serving as backup in case of tag migration or failed localization. Successful localization with removal of the intended lesion was the primary outcome measured. Tag migration and postoperative infection were also noted to assess safety. Twenty patients underwent placement of a radiofrequency identification tag, 12 under ultrasound guidance and eight with stereotactic guidance. In all cases, the radiofrequency identification tag was successfully localized by the reader at the level of the skin before incision, and the intended lesion was removed along with the radiofrequency identification tag. There were no localization failures and no postoperative infections. Tag migration did not occur before incision, but in three cases, occurred as the lesion was being retracted with fingers to make the final cut along the deep surface of the specimen. In this initial clinical study, radiofrequency tags were safe and able to successfully localize nonpalpable breast lesions. Radiofrequency identification technology may represent an alternative method to hook wire localization.

Targeting regional pediatric congenital hearing loss using a spatial scan statistic.

PubMed

Bush, Matthew L; Christian, Warren Jay; Bianchi, Kristin; Lester, Cathy; Schoenberg, Nancy

2015-01-01

Congenital hearing loss is a common problem, and timely identification and intervention are paramount for language development. Patients from rural regions may have many barriers to timely diagnosis and intervention. The purpose of this study was to examine the spatial and hospital-based distribution of failed infant hearing screening testing and pediatric congenital hearing loss throughout Kentucky. Data on live births and audiological reporting of infant hearing loss results in Kentucky from 2009 to 2011 were analyzed. The authors used spatial scan statistics to identify high-rate clusters of failed newborn screening tests and permanent congenital hearing loss (PCHL), based on the total number of live births per county. The authors conducted further analyses on PCHL and failed newborn hearing screening tests, based on birth hospital data and method of screening. The authors observed four statistically significant (p < 0.05) high-rate clusters with failed newborn hearing screenings in Kentucky, including two in the Appalachian region. Hospitals using two-stage otoacoustic emission testing demonstrated higher rates of failed screening (p = 0.009) than those using two-stage automated auditory brainstem response testing. A significant cluster of high rate of PCHL was observed in Western Kentucky. Five of the 54 birthing hospitals were found to have higher relative risk of PCHL, and two of those hospitals are located in a very rural region of Western Kentucky within the cluster. This spatial analysis in children in Kentucky has identified specific regions throughout the state with high rates of congenital hearing loss and failed newborn hearing screening tests. Further investigation regarding causative factors is warranted. This method of analysis can be useful in the setting of hearing health disparities to focus efforts on regions facing high incidence of congenital hearing loss.

Optimal Battery Utilization Over Lifetime for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle to Maximize Fuel Economy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Patil, Chinmaya; Naghshtabrizi, Payam; Verma, Rajeev

This paper presents a control strategy to maximize fuel economy of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle over a target life of the battery. Many approaches to maximizing fuel economy of parallel hybrid electric vehicle do not consider the effect of control strategy on the life of the battery. This leads to an oversized and underutilized battery. There is a trade-off between how aggressively to use and 'consume' the battery versus to use the engine and consume fuel. The proposed approach addresses this trade-off by exploiting the differences in the fast dynamics of vehicle power management and slow dynamics of batterymore » aging. The control strategy is separated into two parts, (1) Predictive Battery Management (PBM), and (2) Predictive Power Management (PPM). PBM is the higher level control with slow update rate, e.g. once per month, responsible for generating optimal set points for PPM. The considered set points in this paper are the battery power limits and State Of Charge (SOC). The problem of finding the optimal set points over the target battery life that minimize engine fuel consumption is solved using dynamic programming. PPM is the lower level control with high update rate, e.g. a second, responsible for generating the optimal HEV energy management controls and is implemented using model predictive control approach. The PPM objective is to find the engine and battery power commands to achieve the best fuel economy given the battery power and SOC constraints imposed by PBM. Simulation results with a medium duty commercial hybrid electric vehicle and the proposed two-level hierarchical control strategy show that the HEV fuel economy is maximized while meeting a specified target battery life. On the other hand, the optimal unconstrained control strategy achieves marginally higher fuel economy, but fails to meet the target battery life.« less

Investigation and Mitigation of Degradation in Hydrogen Fuel Cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mandal, Pratiti

The ever increasing demand of petroleum in the transport sector has led to depletion of low cost/low risk reserves, increased level of pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions that take a heavy toll on the environment as well as the national economy. There is an urgent need to utilize alternative energy resources along with an efficient and affordable energy conversion system to arrest environmental degradation. Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) show great promise in this regard, they use hydrogen gas as a fuel that electrochemically reacts with air to produce electrical energy and water as the by product. In a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV), these zero tail pipe emission systems offer high efficiency and power density for medium-heavy duty and long range transportation. However, PEFC technology is currently challenged by its limited durability when subjected to harsh and adverse operating conditions and transients that arises during the normal course of vehicle operation. The hydrogen-based fuel cell power train for electric vehicles must achieve high durability while maintaining high power efficiency and fuel economy in order to equal the range and lifetime of an internal-combustion engine vehicle. The technology also needs to meet the cost targets to make FCEVs a commercial success. In this dissertation, one of the degradation phenomena that severely impede the durability of the system has been investigated. In scenarios where the cell becomes locally starved of hydrogen fuel, "cell reversal" occurs, which causes the cell to consume itself through carbon corrosion and eventually fail. Carbon corrosion in the anode disrupts the original structure of the electrode and can cause undesirable outcomes like catalyst particle migration, aggregation, loss of structural and chemical integrity. Through a comprehensive study using advanced electrochemical diagnostics and high resolution 3D imaging, a new understanding to extend PEFC life time and robustness by implementing engineered materials solutions has been achieved. This will eventually help in making fuel cell systems more efficient, durable and economically viable, in order to better harness clean energy resources.

KIRMES: kernel-based identification of regulatory modules in euchromatic sequences.

PubMed

Schultheiss, Sebastian J; Busch, Wolfgang; Lohmann, Jan U; Kohlbacher, Oliver; Rätsch, Gunnar

2009-08-15

Understanding transcriptional regulation is one of the main challenges in computational biology. An important problem is the identification of transcription factor (TF) binding sites in promoter regions of potential TF target genes. It is typically approached by position weight matrix-based motif identification algorithms using Gibbs sampling, or heuristics to extend seed oligos. Such algorithms succeed in identifying single, relatively well-conserved binding sites, but tend to fail when it comes to the identification of combinations of several degenerate binding sites, as those often found in cis-regulatory modules. We propose a new algorithm that combines the benefits of existing motif finding with the ones of support vector machines (SVMs) to find degenerate motifs in order to improve the modeling of regulatory modules. In experiments on microarray data from Arabidopsis thaliana, we were able to show that the newly developed strategy significantly improves the recognition of TF targets. The python source code (open source-licensed under GPL), the data for the experiments and a Galaxy-based web service are available at http://www.fml.mpg.de/raetsch/suppl/kirmes/.

Positive relationship between odor identification and affective responses of negatively valenced odors

PubMed Central

Martinec Nováková, Lenka; Plotěná, Dagmar; Roberts, S. Craig; Havlíček, Jan

2015-01-01

Hedonic ratings of odors and olfactory preferences are influenced by a number of modulating factors, such as prior experience and knowledge about an odor’s identity. The present study addresses the relationship between knowledge about an odor’s identity due to prior experience, assessed by means of a test of cued odor identification, and odor pleasantness ratings in children who exhibit ongoing olfactory learning. Ninety-one children aged 8–11 years rated the pleasantness of odors in the Sniffin’ Sticks test and, subsequently, took the odor identification test. A positive association between odor identification and pleasantness was found for two unpleasant food odors (garlic and fish): higher pleasantness ratings were exhibited by those participants who correctly identified these odors compared to those who failed to correctly identify them. However, we did not find a similar effect for any of the more pleasant odors. The results of this study suggest that pleasantness ratings of some odors may be modulated by the knowledge of their identity due to prior experience and that this relationship might be more evident in unpleasant odors. PMID:26029143

Call recognition and individual identification of fish vocalizations based on automatic speech recognition: An example with the Lusitanian toadfish.

PubMed

Vieira, Manuel; Fonseca, Paulo J; Amorim, M Clara P; Teixeira, Carlos J C

2015-12-01

The study of acoustic communication in animals often requires not only the recognition of species specific acoustic signals but also the identification of individual subjects, all in a complex acoustic background. Moreover, when very long recordings are to be analyzed, automatic recognition and identification processes are invaluable tools to extract the relevant biological information. A pattern recognition methodology based on hidden Markov models is presented inspired by successful results obtained in the most widely known and complex acoustical communication signal: human speech. This methodology was applied here for the first time to the detection and recognition of fish acoustic signals, specifically in a stream of round-the-clock recordings of Lusitanian toadfish (Halobatrachus didactylus) in their natural estuarine habitat. The results show that this methodology is able not only to detect the mating sounds (boatwhistles) but also to identify individual male toadfish, reaching an identification rate of ca. 95%. Moreover this method also proved to be a powerful tool to assess signal durations in large data sets. However, the system failed in recognizing other sound types.

Identification and Reconfigurable Control of Impaired Multi-Rotor Drones

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stepanyan, Vahram; Krishnakumar, Kalmanje; Bencomo, Alfredo

2016-01-01

The paper presents an algorithm for control and safe landing of impaired multi-rotor drones when one or more motors fail simultaneously or in any sequence. It includes three main components: an identification block, a reconfigurable control block, and a decisions making block. The identification block monitors each motor load characteristics and the current drawn, based on which the failures are detected. The control block generates the required total thrust and three axis torques for the altitude, horizontal position and/or orientation control of the drone based on the time scale separation and nonlinear dynamic inversion. The horizontal displacement is controlled by modulating the roll and pitch angles. The decision making algorithm maps the total thrust and three torques into the individual motor thrusts based on the information provided by the identification block. The drone continues the mission execution as long as the number of functioning motors provide controllability of it. Otherwise, the controller is switched to the safe mode, which gives up the yaw control, commands a safe landing spot and descent rate while maintaining the horizontal attitude.

Identification by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing of an Actinomyces hongkongensis Isolate Recovered from a Patient with Pelvic Actinomycosis

PubMed Central

Flynn, A. N.; Lyndon, C. A.

2013-01-01

A case of Actinomyces hongkongensis pelvic actinomycosis in an adult woman is described. Conventional phenotypic tests failed to identify the Gram-positive bacillus isolated from a fluid aspirate of a pelvic abscess. The bacterium was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis using the SmartGene Integrated Database Network System software. PMID:23698532

Microbial Monitoring of Common Opportunistic Pathogens by Comparing Multiple Real-time PCR Platforms for Potential Space Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roman, Monserrate C.; Jones, Kathy U.; Oubre, Cherie M.; Castro, Victoria; Ott, Mark C.; Birmele, Michele; Venkateswaran, Kasthuri J.; Vaishampayan, Parag A.

2013-01-01

Current methods for microbial detection: a) Labor & time intensive cultivation-based approaches that can fail to detect or characterize all cells present. b) Requires collection of samples on orbit and transportation back to ground for analysis. Disadvantages to current detection methods: a) Unable to perform quick and reliable detection on orbit. b) Lengthy sampling intervals. c) No microbe identification.

Some psychological aspects of tinnitus.

PubMed

Reiss, M; Reiss, G

1999-06-01

Tinnitus rarely can be cured. The patient, however, needs help to avoid countless ineffective treatments and considerable cost. The clinical examination of patients with severe and chronic tinnitus must include associated psychological disturbances. After all medical and audiological treatments have failed, tinnitus patients often are advised to "learn to live with it." The aim of psychosocial treatment is assisting patients in the identification of aggravating factors in tinnitus and teaching them various coping skills.

Candidate Medical Countermeasures Targeting Ebola Virus Cell Entry

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-04-03

interface, rather than as expected to the more exposed surface of the 134 GP1,2 trimer [16]. Importantly, KZ52 protected guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus...from death after 135 inoculation with guinea pig -adapted EBOV [64], but failed to have a beneficial effect on EBOV-136 exposed rhesus monkeys... guinea pigs infected with 145 rodent-adapted EBOV or its antigenically distant relative, Sudan virus (SUDV) [68]. 146 Identification of ebolavirus

Candidate Medical Countermeasures Targeting Ebola Virus Cell Entry

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-31

interface, rather than as expected to the more exposed surface of the 134 GP1,2 trimer [16]. Importantly, KZ52 protected guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus...from death after 135 inoculation with guinea pig -adapted EBOV [64], but failed to have a beneficial effect on EBOV-136 exposed rhesus monkeys... guinea pigs infected with 145 rodent-adapted EBOV or its antigenically distant relative, Sudan virus (SUDV) [68]. 146 Identification of ebolavirus

Genetic transformation assays for identification of strains of Moraxella urethralis.

PubMed Central

Juni, E

1977-01-01

Studies of 31 strains of Moraxella urethralis have shown that 20 of them are competent for genetic transformation. This finding has led to the development of transformation assays for identification of newly isolated strains of this organism. Crude deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples from all strains of M. urethralis readily transform auxotrophic mutants of competent strains to prototrophy, whereas DNA samples from unrelated bacteria such as Acinetobacter, Moraxella, and Neisseria species uniformly fail to elicit positive transformation of mutant tester strains. One of the competent strains of M. urethralis investigated is a naturally occurring mutant defective in its ability to utilize citrate as a carbon and energy source. DNA samples from 29 of the 30 remaining strains of utilization; the one nonreacting strain is citrate negative and probably possesses the same genetic lesion as the citrate-negative mutant. Three organisms originally identified as strains of M. urethralis, because of their phenotypic properties, are probably incorrectly designated, since DNA samples from these strains failed to transform any of the tester mutant strains used in the present study. The transformation assay for M. urethralis is very simple and can be performed readily in a clinical laboratory. The entire procedure can be carried out in less than 24 h. Images PMID:845247

Fault detection and identification in missile system guidance and control: a filtering approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Padgett, Mary Lou; Evers, Johnny; Karplus, Walter J.

1996-03-01

Real-world applications of computational intelligence can enhance the fault detection and identification capabilities of a missile guidance and control system. A simulation of a bank-to- turn missile demonstrates that actuator failure may cause the missile to roll and miss the target. Failure of one fin actuator can be detected using a filter and depicting the filter output as fuzzy numbers. The properties and limitations of artificial neural networks fed by these fuzzy numbers are explored. A suite of networks is constructed to (1) detect a fault and (2) determine which fin (if any) failed. Both the zero order moment term and the fin rate term show changes during actuator failure. Simulations address the following questions: (1) How bad does the actuator failure have to be for detection to occur, (2) How bad does the actuator failure have to be for fault detection and isolation to occur, (3) are both zero order moment and fine rate terms needed. A suite of target trajectories are simulated, and properties and limitations of the approach reported. In some cases, detection of the failed actuator occurs within 0.1 second, and isolation of the failure occurs 0.1 after that. Suggestions for further research are offered.

FY13 Summary Report on the Augmentation of the Spent Fuel Composition Dataset for Nuclear Forensics: SFCOMPO/NF

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brady Raap, Michaele C.; Lyons, Jennifer A.; Collins, Brian A.

This report documents the FY13 efforts to enhance a dataset of spent nuclear fuel isotopic composition data for use in developing intrinsic signatures for nuclear forensics. A review and collection of data from the open literature was performed in FY10. In FY11, the Spent Fuel COMPOsition (SFCOMPO) excel-based dataset for nuclear forensics (NF), SFCOMPO/NF was established and measured data for graphite production reactors, Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) and Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) were added to the dataset and expanded to include a consistent set of data simulated by calculations. A test was performed to determine whether the SFCOMPO/NF dataset willmore » be useful for the analysis and identification of reactor types from isotopic ratios observed in interdicted samples.« less

Demonstration of thermonuclear conditions in magnetized liner inertial fusion experiments

DOE PAGES

Gomez, Matthew R.; Slutz, Stephen A.; Sefkow, Adam B.; ...

2015-04-29

In this study, the magnetized liner inertial fusion concept [S. A. Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas17, 056303 (2010)] utilizes a magnetic field and laser heating to relax the pressure requirements of inertial confinement fusion. The first experiments to test the concept [M. R. Gomez et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 155003 (2014)] were conducted utilizing the 19 MA, 100 ns Z machine, the 2.5 kJ, 1 TW Z Beamlet laser, and the 10 T Applied B-field on Z system. Despite an estimated implosion velocity of only 70 km/s in these experiments, electron and ion temperatures at stagnation were as highmore » as 3 keV, and thermonuclear deuterium-deuterium neutron yields up to 2 × 10 12 have been produced. X-ray emission from the fuel at stagnation had widths ranging from 50 to 110 μm over a roughly 80% of the axial extent of the target (6–8 mm) and lasted approximately 2 ns. X-ray yields from these experiments are consistent with a stagnation density of the hot fuel equal to 0.2–0.4 g/cm 3. In these experiments, up to 5 ×10 10 secondary deuterium-tritium neutrons were produced. Given that the areal density of the plasma was approximately 1–2 mg/cm 2, this indicates the stagnation plasma was significantly magnetized, which is consistent with the anisotropy observed in the deuterium-tritium neutron spectra. Control experiments where the laser and/or magnetic field were not utilized failed to produce stagnation temperatures greater than 1 keV and primary deuterium-deuterium yields greater than 10 10. An additional control experiment where the fuel contained a sufficient dopant fraction to substantially increase radiative losses also failed to produce a relevant stagnation temperature. The results of these experiments are consistent with a thermonuclear neutron source.« less

Demonstration of thermonuclear conditions in magnetized liner inertial fusion experiments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gomez, M. R.; Slutz, S. A.; Sefkow, A. B.

2015-05-15

The magnetized liner inertial fusion concept [S. A. Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 056303 (2010)] utilizes a magnetic field and laser heating to relax the pressure requirements of inertial confinement fusion. The first experiments to test the concept [M. R. Gomez et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 155003 (2014)] were conducted utilizing the 19 MA, 100 ns Z machine, the 2.5 kJ, 1 TW Z Beamlet laser, and the 10 T Applied B-field on Z system. Despite an estimated implosion velocity of only 70 km/s in these experiments, electron and ion temperatures at stagnation were as high as 3 keV, and thermonuclear deuterium-deuterium neutronmore » yields up to 2 × 10{sup 12} have been produced. X-ray emission from the fuel at stagnation had widths ranging from 50 to 110 μm over a roughly 80% of the axial extent of the target (6–8 mm) and lasted approximately 2 ns. X-ray yields from these experiments are consistent with a stagnation density of the hot fuel equal to 0.2–0.4 g/cm{sup 3}. In these experiments, up to 5 × 10{sup 10} secondary deuterium-tritium neutrons were produced. Given that the areal density of the plasma was approximately 1–2 mg/cm{sup 2}, this indicates the stagnation plasma was significantly magnetized, which is consistent with the anisotropy observed in the deuterium-tritium neutron spectra. Control experiments where the laser and/or magnetic field were not utilized failed to produce stagnation temperatures greater than 1 keV and primary deuterium-deuterium yields greater than 10{sup 10}. An additional control experiment where the fuel contained a sufficient dopant fraction to substantially increase radiative losses also failed to produce a relevant stagnation temperature. The results of these experiments are consistent with a thermonuclear neutron source.« less

Comparison of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by the extracts of methanol and gasoline engine exhausts.

PubMed

Zhang, Zunzhen; Che, Wangjun; Liang, Ying; Wu, Mei; Li, Na; Shu, Ya; Liu, Fang; Wu, Desheng

2007-09-01

Gasoline engine exhaust has been considered a major source of air pollution in China, and methanol is considered as a potential substitute for gasoline fuel. In this study, the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of organic extracts of condensate, particulate matters (PM) and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC) of gasoline and absolute methanol engine exhaust were examined by using MTT assay, micronucleus assay, comet assay and Ames test. The results have showed that gasoline engine exhaust exhibited stronger cytotoxicity to human lung carcinoma cell lines (A549 cell) than methanol engine exhaust. Furthermore, gasoline engine exhaust increased micronucleus formation, induced DNA damage in A549 cells and increased TA98 revertants in the presence of metabolic activating enzymes in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, methanol engine exhaust failed to exhibit these adverse effects. The results suggest methanol may be used as a cleaner fuel for automobile.

Ionic-liquid materials for the electrochemical challenges of the future.

PubMed

Armand, Michel; Endres, Frank; MacFarlane, Douglas R; Ohno, Hiroyuki; Scrosati, Bruno

2009-08-01

Ionic liquids are room-temperature molten salts, composed mostly of organic ions that may undergo almost unlimited structural variations. This review covers the newest aspects of ionic liquids in applications where their ion conductivity is exploited; as electrochemical solvents for metal/semiconductor electrodeposition, and as batteries and fuel cells where conventional media, organic solvents (in batteries) or water (in polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cells), fail. Biology and biomimetic processes in ionic liquids are also discussed. In these decidedly different materials, some enzymes show activity that is not exhibited in more traditional systems, creating huge potential for bioinspired catalysis and biofuel cells. Our goal in this review is to survey the recent key developments and issues within ionic-liquid research in these areas. As well as informing materials scientists, we hope to generate interest in the wider community and encourage others to make use of ionic liquids in tackling scientific challenges.

Ionic-liquid materials for the electrochemical challenges of the future

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Armand, Michel; Endres, Frank; Macfarlane, Douglas R.; Ohno, Hiroyuki; Scrosati, Bruno

2009-08-01

Ionic liquids are room-temperature molten salts, composed mostly of organic ions that may undergo almost unlimited structural variations. This review covers the newest aspects of ionic liquids in applications where their ion conductivity is exploited; as electrochemical solvents for metal/semiconductor electrodeposition, and as batteries and fuel cells where conventional media, organic solvents (in batteries) or water (in polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cells), fail. Biology and biomimetic processes in ionic liquids are also discussed. In these decidedly different materials, some enzymes show activity that is not exhibited in more traditional systems, creating huge potential for bioinspired catalysis and biofuel cells. Our goal in this review is to survey the recent key developments and issues within ionic-liquid research in these areas. As well as informing materials scientists, we hope to generate interest in the wider community and encourage others to make use of ionic liquids in tackling scientific challenges.

Test Results of the RS-44 Integrated Component Evaluator Liquid Oxygen/Hydrogen Rocket Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sutton, R. F.; Lariviere, B. W.

1993-01-01

An advanced LOX/LH2 expander cycle rocket engine, producing 15,000 lbf thrust for Orbital Transfer Vehicle missions, was tested to determine ignition, transition, and main stage characteristics. Detail design and fabrication of the pump fed RS44 integrated component evaluator (ICE) was accomplished using company discretionary resources and was tested under this contracted effort. Successful demonstrations were completed to about the 50 percent fuel turbopump power level (87,000 RPM), but during this last test, a high pressure fuel turbopump (HPFTP) bearing failed curtailing the test program. No other hardware were affected by the HPFTP premature shutdown. The ICE operations matched well with the predicted start transient simulations. The tests demonstrated the feasibility of a high performance advanced expander cycle engine. All engine components operated nominally, except for the HPFTP, during the engine hot-fire tests. A failure investigation was completed using company discretionary resources.

Global progress and backsliding on gasoline taxes and subsidies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ross, Michael L.; Hazlett, Chad; Mahdavi, Paasha

2017-01-01

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the coming decades, many governments will have to reform their energy policies. These policies are difficult to measure with any precision. As a result, it is unclear whether progress has been made towards important energy policy reforms, such as reducing fossil fuel subsidies. We use new data to measure net taxes and subsidies for gasoline in almost all countries at the monthly level and find evidence of both progress and backsliding. From 2003 to 2015, gasoline taxes rose in 83 states but fell in 46 states. During the same period, the global mean gasoline tax fell by 13.3% due to faster consumption growth in countries with lower taxes. Our results suggest that global progress towards fossil fuel price reform has been mixed, and that many governments are failing to exploit one of the most cost-effective policy tools for limiting greenhouse gas emissions.

A Two-Way Spinoff

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

Gougeon Brothers, Inc. successfully applied their boat building expertise to a NASA problem in wind turbine development. NASA and the department of Energy began experimenting with large wind turbine machines as an energy alternative to fossil fuels. During the development of a first generation wind turbine generator known as MOD-OA, Lewis Research Center faced the problem of supersize rotor blades made of metal that kept failing under stress. Using the techniques they had developed for fabricating wood composite structures, the Gougeon Brothers went on to build several sets of blades for the MOD-OA system; all worked successfully. Gougeon Brothers acquired new know-how during the course of studying rotor blade aerodynamics which they applied to their boat building. They developed the innovative "aerodynamic mast" for sailboats. Their mast, a strong, lightweight wood composite which needs no supporting rigging and is free to rotate with the wind, could cut a ship's fuel cost by as much as 40 percent.

Carbon monoxide formation in UO2 kerneled HTR fuel particles containing oxygen getters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Proksch, E.; Strigl, A.; Nabielek, H.

1986-01-01

Mass spectrometric measurements of CO in irradiated UO2 fuel particles containing oxygen getters are summarized. Uranium carbide addition in the 3% to 15% range reduces the CO release by factors between 25 and 80, up to burn-up levels as high as 70% FIMA. Unintentional gettering by SiC in TRISO coated particles with failed inner pyrocarbon layers results in CO reduction factors between 15 and 110. For ZrC, ambiguous results are obtained; ZrC probably results in CO reduction by a factor of 40; Ce2O3 and La2O3 seem less effective than the carbides; for Ce2O3, reduction factors between 3 and 15 are found. However, the results are possibly incorrect due to premature oxidation of the getter already during fabrication. Addition of SiO2 + Al2O3 has no influence on CO release.

Identification of involved tissue during surgical treatment of doxorubicin-induced extravasation necrosis.

PubMed

Cohen, F J; Manganaro, J; Bezozo, R C

1983-01-01

The extravascular escape of intravenously administered doxorubicin (Adriamycin) leads to a painful, slowly enlarging subcutaneous lesion which, if not diagnosed, will progress to a chronic severe cellulitis with inflammatory reaction, ulceration of the skin, and possible further involvement. Past attempts at immediate treatment have failed because of, or have been complicated by, incomplete removal of the doxorubicin with continuing tissue necrosis. Three patients who underwent antineoplastic therapy with doxorubicin suffered extravasation leading to deep tissue necrosis requiring skin grafts. In all cases identification of doxorubicin-containing tissue was accomplished by injection of fluorescein. The residual necrotic tissue that did not fluoresce was removed. A protocol is presented to detect doxorubicin extravasation and distinguish the viable from the nonviable components.

Audience-tuning effects on memory: the role of shared reality.

PubMed

Echterhoff, Gerald; Higgins, E Tory; Groll, Stephan

2005-09-01

After tuning to an audience, communicators' own memories for the topic often reflect the biased view expressed in their messages. Three studies examined explanations for this bias. Memories for a target person were biased when feedback signaled the audience's successful identification of the target but not after failed identification (Experiment 1). Whereas communicators tuning to an in-group audience exhibited the bias, communicators tuning to an out-group audience did not (Experiment 2). These differences did not depend on communicators' mood but were mediated by communicators' trust in their audience's judgment about other people (Experiments 2 and 3). Message and memory were more closely associated for high than for low trusters. Apparently, audience-tuning effects depend on the communicators' experience of a shared reality.

10 CFR 73.38 - Personnel access authorization requirements for irradiated reactor fuel in transit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... number, sex, and other applicable physical characteristics for identification. (4) The licensee shall..., the filing of charges, or a conviction, but excluding minor civil actions or misdemeanors such as... believes that it is incorrect or incomplete in any respect and wishes to change, correct, update, or...

Identification of Factors for Selecting Modes and Routes for Shipping High-Level Radioactive Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-04-01

Section 15 of the Hazardous Materials Transportation Uniform Safety Act of 1990 (see 49 U.S.C. Section 5105(d)(1994)) requires the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) to conduct a study: "To decide which safety factors, if any, shippers and carri...

40 CFR 52.1020 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... you wish to obtain materials from a docket in the EPA Headquarters Library, please call the Office of... 102 Open Burning 03/17/2005 02/21/2008, 73 FR 9459 Chapter 103 Fuel Burning Equipment Particular... Applicability. State of Maine MAPA 1 form for Chapter 102 Open Burning Regulation Maine 01/03/2003 02/21/2008...

40 CFR 52.1020 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... you wish to obtain materials from a docket in the EPA Headquarters Library, please call the Office of... 102 Open Burning 03/17/2005 02/21/2008, 73 FR 9459 Chapter 103 Fuel Burning Equipment Particular... Applicability. State of Maine MAPA 1 form for Chapter 102 Open Burning Regulation Maine 01/03/2003 02/21/2008...

40 CFR 52.2770 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Regulations, submitted on August 17, 1972, by the Governor. (3) Sections 206-30 (Review of new sources and modifications) and 206-31 (Review of new or modified indirect sources) were submitted on February 12, 1974, by... the sulfur-in-fuel-oil limitation to 1.5 percent, by weight, for the Virgin Islands Water and Power...

40 CFR 52.2770 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Regulations, submitted on August 17, 1972, by the Governor. (3) Sections 206-30 (Review of new sources and modifications) and 206-31 (Review of new or modified indirect sources) were submitted on February 12, 1974, by... the sulfur-in-fuel-oil limitation to 1.5 percent, by weight, for the Virgin Islands Water and Power...

40 CFR 52.2770 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Regulations, submitted on August 17, 1972, by the Governor. (3) Sections 206-30 (Review of new sources and modifications) and 206-31 (Review of new or modified indirect sources) were submitted on February 12, 1974, by... the sulfur-in-fuel-oil limitation to 1.5 percent, by weight, for the Virgin Islands Water and Power...

40 CFR 52.2770 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Regulations, submitted on August 17, 1972, by the Governor. (3) Sections 206-30 (Review of new sources and modifications) and 206-31 (Review of new or modified indirect sources) were submitted on February 12, 1974, by... the sulfur-in-fuel-oil limitation to 1.5 percent, by weight, for the Virgin Islands Water and Power...

40 CFR 52.2087 - Original identification of plan section.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Content in Fuels” and 13, “Particulate Emissions from Fossil Fired Steam or Hot Water Generating Units..., “Sulfur Content of Fuels” and 13, “Particulate Emissions from Fossil Fuel Fired Steam or Hot Water... incorporated by reference in its present form on July 6, 1984 at paragraph (c)(22), above. The entire...

40 CFR 52.2087 - Original identification of plan section.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Content in Fuels” and 13, “Particulate Emissions from Fossil Fired Steam or Hot Water Generating Units..., “Sulfur Content of Fuels” and 13, “Particulate Emissions from Fossil Fuel Fired Steam or Hot Water... incorporated by reference in its present form on July 6, 1984 at paragraph (c)(22), above. The entire...

40 CFR 52.2087 - Original identification of plan section.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Content in Fuels” and 13, “Particulate Emissions from Fossil Fired Steam or Hot Water Generating Units..., “Sulfur Content of Fuels” and 13, “Particulate Emissions from Fossil Fuel Fired Steam or Hot Water... incorporated by reference in its present form on July 6, 1984 at paragraph (c)(22), above. The entire...

40 CFR 52.1470 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

....513 “Fossil fuel” defined 12/4/76 49 FR 11626 (3/27/84) Most recently approved version was submitted... modification or relocation of plants to generate electricity using steam produced by burning of fossil fuels 10... for each source; form of application; issuance or denial; posting 05/04/06 77 FR 59321, 9/27/12...