Sample records for fault system southern

  1. How fault evolution changes strain partitioning and fault slip rates in Southern California: Results from geodynamic modeling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ye, Jiyang; Liu, Mian

    2017-08-01

    In Southern California, the Pacific-North America relative plate motion is accommodated by the complex southern San Andreas Fault system that includes many young faults (<2 Ma). The initiation of these young faults and their impact on strain partitioning and fault slip rates are important for understanding the evolution of this plate boundary zone and assessing earthquake hazard in Southern California. Using a three-dimensional viscoelastoplastic finite element model, we have investigated how this plate boundary fault system has evolved to accommodate the relative plate motion in Southern California. Our results show that when the plate boundary faults are not optimally configured to accommodate the relative plate motion, strain is localized in places where new faults would initiate to improve the mechanical efficiency of the fault system. In particular, the Eastern California Shear Zone, the San Jacinto Fault, the Elsinore Fault, and the offshore dextral faults all developed in places of highly localized strain. These younger faults compensate for the reduced fault slip on the San Andreas Fault proper because of the Big Bend, a major restraining bend. The evolution of the fault system changes the apportionment of fault slip rates over time, which may explain some of the slip rate discrepancy between geological and geodetic measurements in Southern California. For the present fault configuration, our model predicts localized strain in western Transverse Ranges and along the dextral faults across the Mojave Desert, where numerous damaging earthquakes occurred in recent years.

  2. Is there a "blind" strike-slip fault at the southern end of the San Jacinto Fault system?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tymofyeyeva, E.; Fialko, Y. A.

    2015-12-01

    We have studied the interseismic deformation at the southern end of the San Jacinto fault system using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Global Positioning System (GPS) data. To complement the continuous GPS measurements from the PBO network, we have conducted campaign-style GPS surveys of 19 benchmarks along Highway 78 in the years 2012, 2013, and 2014. We processed the campaign GPS data using GAMIT to obtain horizontal velocities. The data show high velocity gradients East of the surface trace of the Coyote Creek Fault. We also processed InSAR data from the ascending and descending tracks of the ENVISAT mission between the years 2003 and 2010. The InSAR data were corrected for atmospheric artifacts using an iterative common point stacking method. We combined average velocities from different look angles to isolate the fault-parallel velocity field, and used fault-parallel velocities to compute strain rate. We filtered the data over a range of wavelengths prior to numerical differentiation, to reduce the effects of noise and to investigate both shallow and deep sources of deformation. At spatial wavelengths less than 2km the strain rate data show prominent anomalies along the San Andreas and Superstition Hills faults, where shallow creep has been documented by previous studies. Similar anomalies are also observed along parts of the Coyote Creek Fault, San Felipe Fault, and an unmapped southern continuation of the Clark strand of the San Jacinto Fault. At wavelengths on the order of 20km, we observe elevated strain rates concentrated east of the Coyote Creek Fault. The long-wavelength strain anomaly east of the Coyote Creek Fault, and the localized shallow creep observed in the short-wavelength strain rate data over the same area suggest that there may be a "blind" segment of the Clark Fault that accommodates a significant portion of the deformation on the southern end of the San Jacinto Fault.

  3. Recent deformation on the San Diego Trough and San Pedro Basin fault systems, offshore Southern California: Assessing evidence for fault system connectivity.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bormann, J. M.; Kent, G. M.; Driscoll, N. W.; Harding, A. J.

    2016-12-01

    The seismic hazard posed by offshore faults for coastal communities in Southern California is poorly understood and may be considerable, especially when these communities are located near long faults that have the ability to produce large earthquakes. The San Diego Trough fault (SDTF) and San Pedro Basin fault (SPBF) systems are active northwest striking, right-lateral faults in the Inner California Borderland that extend offshore between San Diego and Los Angeles. Recent work shows that the SDTF slip rate accounts for 25% of the 6-8 mm/yr of deformation accommodated by the offshore fault network, and seismic reflection data suggest that these two fault zones may be one continuous structure. Here, we use recently acquired CHIRP, high-resolution multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection, and multibeam bathymetric data in combination with USGS and industry MCS profiles to characterize recent deformation on the SDTF and SPBF zones and to evaluate the potential for an end-to-end rupture that spans both fault systems. The SDTF offsets young sediments at the seafloor for 130 km between the US/Mexico border and Avalon Knoll. The northern SPBF has robust geomorphic expression and offsets the seafloor in the Santa Monica Basin. The southern SPBF lies within a 25-km gap between high-resolution MCS surveys. Although there does appear to be a through-going fault at depth in industry MCS profiles, the low vertical resolution of these data inhibits our ability to confirm recent slip on the southern SPBF. Empirical scaling relationships indicate that a 200-km-long rupture of the SDTF and its southern extension, the Bahia Soledad fault, could produce a M7.7 earthquake. If the SDTF and the SPBF are linked, the length of the combined fault increases to >270 km. This may allow ruptures initiating on the SDTF to propagate within 25 km of the Los Angeles Basin. At present, the paleoseismic histories of the faults are unknown. We present new observations from CHIRP and coring surveys at

  4. Response of deformation patterns to reorganizations of the southern San Andreas fault system since ca. 1.5 Ma

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cooke, M. L.; Fattaruso, L.; Dorsey, R. J.; Housen, B. A.

    2015-12-01

    Between ~1.5 and 1.1 Ma, the southern San Andreas fault system underwent a major reorganization that included initiation of the San Jacinto fault and termination of slip on the extensional West Salton detachment fault. The southern San Andreas fault itself has also evolved since this time, with several shifts in activity among fault strands within San Gorgonio Pass. We use three-dimensional mechanical Boundary Element Method models to investigate the impact of these changes to the fault network on deformation patterns. A series of snapshot models of the succession of active fault geometries explore the role of fault interaction and tectonic loading in abandonment of the West Salton detachment fault, initiation of the San Jacinto fault, and shifts in activity of the San Andreas fault. Interpreted changes to uplift patterns are well matched by model results. These results support the idea that growth of the San Jacinto fault led to increased uplift rates in the San Gabriel Mountains and decreased uplift rates in the San Bernardino Mountains. Comparison of model results for vertical axis rotation to data from paleomagnetic studies reveals a good match to local rotation patterns in the Mecca Hills and Borrego Badlands. We explore the mechanical efficiency at each step in the evolution, and find an overall trend toward increased efficiency through time. Strain energy density patterns are used to identify regions of off-fault deformation and potential incipient faulting. These patterns support the notion of north-to-south propagation of the San Jacinto fault during its initiation. The results of the present-day model are compared with microseismicity focal mechanisms to provide additional insight into the patterns of off-fault deformation within the southern San Andreas fault system.

  5. Newport-Inglewood-Carlsbad-Coronado Bank Fault System Nearshore Southern California: Testing models for Quaternary deformation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bennett, J. T.; Sorlien, C. C.; Cormier, M.; Bauer, R. L.

    2011-12-01

    The San Andreas fault system is distributed across hundreds of kilometers in southern California. This transform system includes offshore faults along the shelf, slope and basin- comprising part of the Inner California Continental Borderland. Previously, offshore faults have been interpreted as being discontinuous and striking parallel to the coast between Long Beach and San Diego. Our recent work, based on several thousand kilometers of deep-penetration industry multi-channel seismic reflection data (MCS) as well as high resolution U.S. Geological Survey MCS, indicates that many of the offshore faults are more geometrically continuous than previously reported. Stratigraphic interpretations of MCS profiles included the ca. 1.8 Ma Top Lower Pico, which was correlated from wells located offshore Long Beach (Sorlien et. al. 2010). Based on this age constraint, four younger (Late) Quaternary unconformities are interpreted through the slope and basin. The right-lateral Newport-Inglewood fault continues offshore near Newport Beach. We map a single fault for 25 kilometers that continues to the southeast along the base of the slope. There, the Newport-Inglewood fault splits into the San Mateo-Carlsbad fault, which is mapped for 55 kilometers along the base of the slope to a sharp bend. This bend is the northern end of a right step-over of 10 kilometers to the Descanso fault and about 17 km to the Coronado Bank fault. We map these faults for 50 kilometers as they continue over the Mexican border. Both the San Mateo - Carlsbad with the Newport-Inglewood fault and the Coronado Bank with the Descanso fault are paired faults that form flower structures (positive and negative, respectively) in cross section. Preliminary kinematic models indicate ~1km of right-lateral slip since ~1.8 Ma at the north end of the step-over. We are modeling the slip on the southern segment to test our hypothesis for a kinematically continuous right-lateral fault system. We are correlating four

  6. The central branch of the North Anatolian Fault In The Southern Marmara Sea: Evidence for a distributed, Holocene-active fault system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Barın, Burcu; Okay, Seda; Çifçi, Günay; Dondurur, Derman; Cormier, Marie Helene; Sorlien, Christopher; Meriç İlkimen, Elif

    2015-04-01

    The North Anatolian Fault (NAF) is a major right-lateral transform fault in northern Turkey that branches westward into several strands in the vicinity of the Sea of Marmara. The main northern branch bisects the Marmara Sea from east to west, and seismic reflection profiles acquired over the past 15 years have revealed its complex geometry. Further, the several basins that developed along that branch record stratigraphic sequences that provide the needed framework to interpret the relative timing of tectonic deformation in the Marmara Sea. In contrast, the central branch, which snakes across the shallow southern shelf of the Marmara Sea, has been much less investigated. Here, we analyze a comprehensive dataset of high-resolution multi-channel, sparker, and CHIRP seismic profiles, which were collected with the facilities of Seismic Laboratory (SeisLab) in the Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology and R/V K. Piri Reis belonging to Dokuz Eylül University, along the central branch in 2008 (TAMAM expedition) and in 2013-2014 (SoMAR expedition), within the framework of a bilateral TÜBİTAK - NSF project. In combination with other existing seismic profiles, these new data reveal that the Central Branch consists of multiple faults strands that are distributed across the broad southern shelf. They also reveal that many of these strands are Holocene-active, although they slip at slower rates than the northern branch and are associated with slower basin subsidence or local uplift. Lastly, seismic data image a system of half-grabens across the southern shelf that are associated with the strands of the central branch. Strata within these half-grabens are progressively tilted and consistently dip to the south. Further analysis will be conducted to determine whether the formation of these grabens are controlled by oblique slip on the strands of the central branch, or by slip on detachment faults beneath the southern shelf.

  7. Active Deformation along the Southern End of the Tosco-Abreojos Fault System: New Insights from Multibeam Swath Bathymetry

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Michaud, François; Calmus, Thierry; Ratzov, Gueorgui; Royer, Jean-Yves; Sosson, Marc; Bigot-Cormier, Florence; Bandy, William; Mortera Gutiérrez, Carlos

    2011-08-01

    The relative motion of the Pacific plate with respect to the North America plate is partitioned between transcurrent faults located along the western margin of Baja California and transform faults and spreading ridges in the Gulf of California. However, the amount of right lateral offset along the Baja California western margin is still debated. We revisited multibeam swath bathymetry data along the southern end of the Tosco-Abreojos fault system. In this area the depths are less than 1,000 m and allow a finer gridding at 60 m cell spacing. This improved resolution unveils several transcurrent right lateral faults offsetting the seafloor and canyons, which can be used as markers to quantify local offsets. The seafloor of the southern end of the Tosco-Abreojos fault system (south of 24°N) displays NW-SE elongated bathymetric highs and lows, suggesting a transtensional tectonic regime associated with the formation of pull-apart basins. In such an active tectonic context, submarine canyon networks are unstable. Using the deformation rate inferred from kinematic predictions and pull-apart geometry, we suggest a minimum age for the reorganization of the canyon network.

  8. The Seismic Stratigraphic Record of Quaternary Deformation Across the North Anatolian Fault System in Southern Marmara Sea, Turkey

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sorlien, C. C.; Seeber, L.; Diebold, J.; Shillington, D.; Steckler, M. S.; Gurcay, S.; Kucuk, H. M.; Akhun, S. D.; Timur, D.; Dondurur, D.; Kurt, H.; Perincek, E.; Ozer, P.; Imren, C.; Coskun, S.; Buyukasik, E.; Cevatoglu, M.; Cifci, G.; Demirbag, E.

    2008-12-01

    We collected high-resolution multichannel seismic reflection (MCS) and chirp seismic data across the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) system in the Marmara Sea aboard the R/V K. Piri Reis during July 2008. Three 1200+ m-deep bathymetric basins are arrayed along the North strand of the NAF. This strand passes closest to Istanbul and is considered to carry most of the current and late Holocene plate motion, but other strands to the south are active and may have been more important in the past. The transverse Central Marmara Ridge, formed by a contractional anticline, separates two of the basins. Filled sedimentary basins underlie the southern shelf, and, adjacent to that shelf, the partly-filled North Imrali basin underlies a 400 m-deep platform. Our chirp data image several strands of the southern fault system, 50 km south of the northern NAF on the inner (southern) shelf, that offset strata which postdate the ~12 ka marine transgression. Another W-striking fault that deforms post-12 ka strata cuts the mid-southern shelf. A WNW-striking segment of the Imrali fault system is associated with normal-separation, 300 m-high sea floor scarps that separate the shelf from the North Imrali basin. This basin is cut by numerous NW-striking normal-separation faults, some deforming the sea floor. At least 4 complexes of shelf edge deltas, whose tops were formed near sea level or lake level, are stacked between 500 and 900 m depth in this downthrown block of the Imrali fault. The originally sub- horizontal tops of each delta are now locally progressively tilted and folded near an ENE-striking branch of the Imrali fault (known as the Yalova fault). Lacking stratigraphic control, we infer that the deltas represent glacial intervals spaced at 100 ka during the late Pleistocene. Assuming a locally constant subsidence rate, with lowstands near -90 m, and the observed 130 m vertical spacing between the deltas, subsidence rates would be ~1.3 mm/yr, and the youngest well-preserved delta would

  9. How does the 2010 El Mayor - Cucapah Earthquake Rupture Connect to the Southern California Plate Boundary Fault System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Donnellan, A.; Ben-Zion, Y.; Arrowsmith, R.

    2016-12-01

    The Pacific - North American plate boundary in southern California is marked by several major strike slip faults. The 2010 M7.2 El Mayor - Cucapah earthquake ruptured 120 km of upper crust in Baja California to the US-Mexico border. The earthquake triggered slip along an extensive network of faults in the Salton Trough from the Mexican border to the southern end of the San Andreas fault. Earthquakes >M5 were triggered in the gap between the Laguna Salada and Elsinore faults at Ocotillo and on the Coyote Creek segment of the San Jacinto fault 20 km northwest of Borrego Springs. UAVSAR observations, collected since October of 2009, measure slip associated with the M5.7 Ocotillo aftershock with deformation continuing into 2014. The Elsinore fault has been remarkably quiet, however, with only M5.0 and M5.2 earthquakes occurring on the Coyote Mountains segment of the fault in 1940 and 1968 respectively. In contrast, the Imperial Valley has been quite active historically with numerous moderate events occurring since 1935. Moderate event activity is increasing along the San Jacinto fault zone (SJFZ), especially the trifurcation area, where 6 of 12 historic earthquakes in this 20 km long fault zone have occurred since 2000. However, no recent deformation has been detected using UAVSAR measurements in this area, including the recent M5.2 June 2016 Borrego earthquake. Does the El Mayor - Cucapah rupture connect to and transfer stress primarily to a single southern California fault or several? What is its role relative to the background plate motion? UAVSAR observations indicate that the southward extension of the Elsinore fault has recently experienced the most localized deformation. Seismicity suggests that the San Jacinto fault is more active than neighboring major faults, and geologic evidence suggests that the Southern San Andreas fault has been the major plate boundary fault in southern California. Topographic data with 3-4 cm resolution using structure from motion from

  10. Response of deformation patterns to reorganization of the southern San Andreas fault system since ca. 1.5 Ma

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fattaruso, Laura A.; Cooke, Michele L.; Dorsey, Rebecca J.; Housen, Bernard A.

    2016-12-01

    Between 1.5 and 1.1 Ma, the southern San Andreas fault system underwent a major reorganization that included initiation of the San Jacinto fault zone and termination of slip on the extensional West Salton detachment fault. The southern San Andreas fault itself has also evolved since this time, with several shifts in activity among fault strands within San Gorgonio Pass. We use three-dimensional mechanical Boundary Element Method models to investigate the impact of these changes to the fault network on deformation patterns. A series of snapshot models of the succession of active fault geometries explore the role of fault interaction and tectonic loading in abandonment of the West Salton detachment fault, initiation of the San Jacinto fault zone, and shifts in activity of the San Andreas fault. Interpreted changes to uplift patterns are well matched by model results. These results support the idea that initiation and growth of the San Jacinto fault zone led to increased uplift rates in the San Gabriel Mountains and decreased uplift rates in the San Bernardino Mountains. Comparison of model results for vertical-axis rotation to data from paleomagnetic studies reveals a good match to local rotation patterns in the Mecca Hills and Borrego Badlands. We explore the mechanical efficiency at each step in the modeled fault evolution, and find an overall trend toward increased efficiency through time. Strain energy density patterns are used to identify regions of incipient faulting, and support the notion of north-to-south propagation of the San Jacinto fault during its initiation.

  11. Microearthquake sequences along the Irpinia normal fault system in Southern Apennines, Italy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Orefice, Antonella; Festa, Gaetano; Alfredo Stabile, Tony; Vassallo, Maurizio; Zollo, Aldo

    2013-04-01

    Microearthquakes reflect a continuous readjustment of tectonic structures, such as faults, under the action of local and regional stress fields. Low magnitude seismicity in the vicinity of active fault zones may reveal insights into the mechanics of the fault systems during the inter-seismic period and shine a light on the role of fluids and other physical parameters in promoting or disfavoring the nucleation of larger size events in the same area. Here we analyzed several earthquake sequences concentrated in very limited regions along the 1980 Irpinia earthquake fault zone (Southern Italy), a complex system characterized by normal stress regime, monitored by the dense, multi-component, high dynamic range seismic network ISNet (Irpinia Seismic Network). On a specific single sequence, the May 2008 Laviano swarm, we performed accurate absolute and relative locations and estimated source parameters and scaling laws that were compared with standard stress-drops computed for the area. Additionally, from EGF deconvolution, we computed a slip model for the mainshock and investigated the space-time evolution of the events in the sequence to reveal possible interactions among earthquakes. Through the massive analysis of cross-correlation based on the master event scanning of the continuous recording, we also reconstructed the catalog of repeated earthquakes and recognized several co-located sequences. For these events, we analyzed the statistical properties, location and source parameters and their space-time evolution with the aim of inferring the processes that control the occurrence and the size of microearthquakes in a swarm.

  12. Holocene and latest Pleistocene oblique dextral faulting on the southern Inyo Mountains fault, Owens Lake basin, California

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Bacon, S.N.; Jayko, A.S.; McGeehin, J.P.

    2005-01-01

    The Inyo Mountains fault (IMF) is a more or less continuous range-front fault system, with discontinuous late Quaternary activity, at the western base of the Inyo Mountains in Owens Valley, California. The southern section of the IMF trends ???N20??-40?? W for at least 12 km at the base of and within the range front near Keeler in Owens Lake basin. The southern IMF cuts across a relict early Pliocene alluvial fan complex, which has formed shutter ridges and northeast-facing scarps, and which has dextrally offset, well-developed drainages indicating long-term activity. Numerous fault scarps along the mapped trace are northeast-facing, mountain-side down, and developed in both bedrock and younger alluvium, indicating latest Quaternary activity. Latest Quaternary multiple- and single-event scarps that cut alluvium range in height from 0.5 to 3.0 m. The penultimate event on the southern IMF is bracketed between 13,310 and 10,590 cal years B.P., based on radiocarbon dates from faulted alluvium and fissure-fill stratigraphy exposed in a natural wash cut. Evidence of the most recent event is found at many sites along the mapped fault, and, in particular, is seen in an ???0.5-m northeast-facing scarp and several right-stepping en echelon ???0.5-m-deep depressions that pond fine sediment on a younger than 13,310 cal years B.P. alluvial fan. A channel that crosses transverse to this scarp is dextrally offset 2.3 ?? 0.8 m, providing a poorly constrained oblique slip rate of 0.1-0. 3 m/ k.y. The identified tectonic geomorphology and sense of displacement demonstrate that the southern IMF accommodates predominately dextral slip and should be integrated into kinematic fault models of strain distribution in Owens Valley.

  13. The SCEC 3D Community Fault Model (CFM-v5): An updated and expanded fault set of oblique crustal deformation and complex fault interaction for southern California

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nicholson, C.; Plesch, A.; Sorlien, C. C.; Shaw, J. H.; Hauksson, E.

    2014-12-01

    Southern California represents an ideal natural laboratory to investigate oblique deformation in 3D owing to its comprehensive datasets, complex tectonic history, evolving components of oblique slip, and continued crustal rotations about horizontal and vertical axes. As the SCEC Community Fault Model (CFM) aims to accurately reflect this 3D deformation, we present the results of an extensive update to the model by using primarily detailed fault trace, seismic reflection, relocated hypocenter and focal mechanism nodal plane data to generate improved, more realistic digital 3D fault surfaces. The results document a wide variety of oblique strain accommodation, including various aspects of strain partitioning and fault-related folding, sets of both high-angle and low-angle faults that mutually interact, significant non-planar, multi-stranded faults with variable dip along strike and with depth, and active mid-crustal detachments. In places, closely-spaced fault strands or fault systems can remain surprisingly subparallel to seismogenic depths, while in other areas, major strike-slip to oblique-slip faults can merge, such as the S-dipping Arroyo Parida-Mission Ridge and Santa Ynez faults with the N-dipping North Channel-Pitas Point-Red Mountain fault system, or diverge with depth. Examples of the latter include the steep-to-west-dipping Laguna Salada-Indiviso faults with the steep-to-east-dipping Sierra Cucapah faults, and the steep southern San Andreas fault with the adjacent NE-dipping Mecca Hills-Hidden Springs fault system. In addition, overprinting by steep predominantly strike-slip faulting can segment which parts of intersecting inherited low-angle faults are reactivated, or result in mutual cross-cutting relationships. The updated CFM 3D fault surfaces thus help characterize a more complex pattern of fault interactions at depth between various fault sets and linked fault systems, and a more complex fault geometry than typically inferred or expected from

  14. Slip localization on the southern Alpine Fault, New Zealand

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Barth, N. C.; Boulton, C.; Carpenter, B. M.; Batt, G. E.; Toy, V. G.

    2013-06-01

    of a detailed field study of the southern onshore portion of New Zealand's Alpine Fault reveal that for 75 km along-strike, dextral-normal slip on this long-lived structure is highly localized in phyllosilicate-rich fault core gouges and along their contact with more competent rocks. At three localities (Martyr River, McKenzie Creek, and Hokuri Creek), we document complete cross sections through the fault. New 40Ar/39Ar dates on mylonites, combined with microstructural and mechanical data on phyllosilicate-rich fault core gouges show that modern slip is localized onto a single, steeply dipping 1 to 12 m-thick fault core composed of impermeable (k = 10-20 to 10-22 m2), frictionally weak (μs = 0.12-0.37), velocity-strengthening, illite-chlorite, and saponite-chlorite-lizardite fault gouges. Fault core materials are (1) comparable to those of other major weak-cored faults (e.g., San Andreas Fault) and (2) most compatible with fault creep, despite paleoseismic evidence of quasiperiodic large magnitude earthquakes (Mw > 7) on this portion of the Alpine Fault. We conclude that frictional properties of gouges at the surface do not characterize the overall seismogenic behavior of the southern Alpine Fault.

  15. Overview of the Southern San Andreas Fault Model

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Weldon, Ray J.; Biasi, Glenn P.; Wills, Chris J.; Dawson, Timothy E.

    2008-01-01

    This appendix summarizes the data and methodology used to generate the source model for the southern San Andreas fault. It is organized into three sections, 1) a section by section review of the geological data in the format of past Working Groups, 2) an overview of the rupture model, and 3) a manuscript by Biasi and Weldon (in review Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America) that describes the correlation methodology that was used to help develop the ?geologic insight? model. The goal of the Biasi and Weldon methodology is to quantify the insight that went into developing all A faults; as such it is in concept consistent with all other A faults but applied in a more quantitative way. The most rapidly slipping fault and the only known source of M~8 earthquakes in southern California is the San Andreas fault. As such it plays a special role in the seismic hazard of California, and has received special attention in the current Working Group. The underlying philosophy of the current Working Group is to model the recurrence behavior of large, rapidly slipping faults like the San Andreas from observed data on the size, distribution and timing of past earthquakes with as few assumptions about underlying recurrence behavior as possible. In addition, we wish to carry the uncertainties in the data and the range of reasonable extrapolations from the data to the final model. To accomplish this for the Southern San Andreas fault we have developed an objective method to combine all of the observations of size, timing, and distribution of past earthquakes into a comprehensive set of earthquake scenarios that each represent a possible history of earthquakes for the past ~1400 years. The scenarios are then ranked according to their overall consistency with the data and then the frequencies of all of the ruptures permitted by the current Working Group?s segmentation model are calculated. We also present 30-yr conditional probabilities by segment and compare to previous

  16. Fault-slip directions in central and southern Greece measured from striated and corrugated fault planes: Comparison with focal mechanism and geodetic data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Roberts, Gerald P.; Ganas, Athanassios

    2000-10-01

    Fault-slip directions recorded by outcropping striated and corrugated fault planes in central and southern Greece have been measured for comparison with extension directions derived from focal mechanism and Global Positioning System (GPS) data for the last ˜100 years to test how far back in time velocity fields and deformation dynamics derived from the latter data sets can be extrapolated. The fault-slip data have been collected from the basin-bounding faults to Plio-Pleistocene to recent extensional basins and include data from arrays of footwall faults formed during the early stages of fault growth. We show that the orientation of the inferred stress field varies along faults and earthquake ruptures, so we use only slip-directions from the centers of faults, where dip-slip motion occurs, to constrain regionally significant extension directions. The fault-slip directions for the Peloponnese and Gulfs of Evia and Corinth are statistically different at the 99% confidence level but statistically the same as those implied by earthquake focal mechanisms for each region at the 99% confidence level; they are also qualitatively similar to the principal strain axes derived from GPS studies. Extension directions derived from fault-slip data are 043-047° for the southern Peloponnese, 353° for the Gulf of Corinth, and 015-014° for the Gulf of Evia. Extension on active normal faults in the two latter areas appears to grade into strike-slip along the North Anatolian Fault through a gradual change in fault-slip directions and fault strikes. To reconcile the above with 5° Myr-1 clockwise rotations suggested for the area, we suggest that the faults considered formed during a single phase of extension. The deformation and formation of the normal fault systems examined must have been sufficiently rapid and recent for rotations about vertical axes to have been unable to disperse the fault-slip directions from the extension directions implied by focal mechanisms and GPS data

  17. Late Quaternary faulting in the Vallo di Diano basin (southern Apennines, Italy)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Villani, F.; Pierdominici, S.; Cinti, F. R.

    2009-12-01

    The Vallo di Diano is the largest Quaternary extensional basin in the southern Apennines thrust-belt axis (Italy). This portion of the chain is highly seismic and is currently subject to NE-extension, which triggers large (M> 6) normal-faulting earthquakes along NW-trending faults. The eastern edge of the Vallo di Diano basin is bounded by an extensional fault system featuring three main NW-trending, SW-dipping, right-stepping, ~15-17 km long segments (from north to south: Polla, Atena Lucana-Sala Consilina and Padula faults). Holocene activity has been documented so far only for the Polla segment. We have therefore focused our geomorphological and paleoseismological study on the southern portion of the system, particularly along the ~ 4 km long Atena Lucana-Sala Consilina and Padula faults overlap zone. The latter is characterized by a complex system of coalescent alluvial fans, Middle Pleistocene to Holocene in age. Here we recognized a > 4 km long and 0.5-1.4 km wide set of scarps (ranging in height between 1 m and 2.5 m) affecting Late Pleistocene - Holocene alluvial fans. In the same area, two Late Pleistocene volcanoclastic layers at the top of an alluvial fan exposed in a quarry are affected by ~ 1 m normal displacements. Moreover, a trench excavated across a 2 m high scarp affecting a Holocene fan revealed warping of Late Holocene debris flow deposits, with a total vertical throw of about 0.3 m. We therefore infer the overlap zone of the Atena Lucana-Sala Consilina and Padula faults is a breached relay ramp, generated by hard-linkage of the two fault segments since Late Pleistocene. This ~ 32 km long fault system is active and is capable of generating Mw ≥6.5 earthquakes.

  18. The stress shadow effect: a mechanical analysis of the evenly-spaced parallel strike-slip faults in the San Andreas fault system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zuza, A. V.; Yin, A.; Lin, J. C.

    2015-12-01

    Parallel evenly-spaced strike-slip faults are prominent in the southern San Andreas fault system, as well as other settings along plate boundaries (e.g., the Alpine fault) and within continental interiors (e.g., the North Anatolian, central Asian, and northern Tibetan faults). In southern California, the parallel San Jacinto, Elsinore, Rose Canyon, and San Clemente faults to the west of the San Andreas are regularly spaced at ~40 km. In the Eastern California Shear Zone, east of the San Andreas, faults are spaced at ~15 km. These characteristic spacings provide unique mechanical constraints on how the faults interact. Despite the common occurrence of parallel strike-slip faults, the fundamental questions of how and why these fault systems form remain unanswered. We address this issue by using the stress shadow concept of Lachenbruch (1961)—developed to explain extensional joints by using the stress-free condition on the crack surface—to present a mechanical analysis of the formation of parallel strike-slip faults that relates fault spacing and brittle-crust thickness to fault strength, crustal strength, and the crustal stress state. We discuss three independent models: (1) a fracture mechanics model, (2) an empirical stress-rise function model embedded in a plastic medium, and (3) an elastic-plate model. The assumptions and predictions of these models are quantitatively tested using scaled analogue sandbox experiments that show that strike-slip fault spacing is linearly related to the brittle-crust thickness. We derive constraints on the mechanical properties of the southern San Andreas strike-slip faults and fault-bounded crust (e.g., local fault strength and crustal/regional stress) given the observed fault spacing and brittle-crust thickness, which is obtained by defining the base of the seismogenic zone with high-resolution earthquake data. Our models allow direct comparison of the parallel faults in the southern San Andreas system with other similar strike

  19. Fault-controlled development of shallow hydrothermal systems: Structural and mineralogical insights from the Southern Andes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Roquer, T.; Arancibia, G.; Rowland, J. V.; Iturrieta, P. C.; Morata, D.; Cembrano, J. M.

    2017-12-01

    Paleofluid-transporting systems can be recognized as meshes of fracture-filled veins in eroded zones of extinct hydrothermal systems. Here we conducted meso-microstructural analysis and mechanical modeling from two exhumed exposures of the faults governing regional tectonics of the Southern Andes: the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault System (LOFS) and the Andean Transverse Faults (ATF). A total of 107 fractures in both exposures were analyzed. The ATF specific segment shows two tectonic solutions that can be modeled as Andersonian and non-Andersonian tectonic regimes: (1) shear (mode II/III) failure occurs at differential stresses > 28 MPa and fluid pressures < 40-80% lithostatic in the Andersonian regime; and (2) sporadic hybrid extensional + shear (modes I + II/III) failure occurs at differential stresses < 20 MPa and anomalously high fluid pressures > 85-98% lithostatic in the non-Andersonian regime. Additionally, the LOFS exposure cyclically fails in extension (mode I) or extension + shear (modes I + II/III) in the Andersonian regime, at differential stresses < 28 MPa and fluid pressures > 40-80% lithostatic. In areas of spatial interaction between ATF and LOFS, these conditions might favor: (1) the storage of overpressured fluids in hydrothermal systems associated with the ATF faults, and (2) continuous fluid flow through vertical conduits in the LOFS faults. These observations suggest that such intersections are highly probable locations for concentrated hydrothermal activity, which must be taken into consideration for further geothermal exploration. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. PhD CONICYT grants, Centro de Excelencia en Geotermia de los Andes (CEGA-FONDAP/CONICYT Project #15090013), FONDECYT Project #1130030 and Project CONICYT REDES #140036.

  20. Rapid finite-fault inversions in Southern California using Cybershake Green's functions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Thio, H. K.; Polet, J.

    2017-12-01

    We have developed a system for rapid finite fault inversion for intermediate and large Southern California earthquakes using local, regional and teleseismic seismic waveforms as well as geodetic data. For modeling the local seismic data, we use 3D Green's functions from the Cybershake project, which were made available to us courtesy of the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). The use of 3D Green's functions allows us to extend the inversion to higher frequency waveform data and smaller magnitude earthquakes, in addition to achieving improved solutions in general. The ultimate aim of this work is to develop the ability to provide high quality finite fault models within a few hours after any damaging earthquake in Southern California, so that they may be used as input to various post-earthquake assessment tools such as ShakeMap, as well as by the scientific community and other interested parties. Additionally, a systematic determination of finite fault models has value as a resource for scientific studies on detailed earthquake processes, such as rupture dynamics and scaling relations. We are using an established least-squares finite fault inversion method that has been applied extensively both on large as well as smaller regional earthquakes, in conjunction with the 3D Green's functions, where available, as well as 1D Green's functions for areas for which the Cybershake library has not yet been developed. We are carrying out validation and calibration of this system using significant earthquakes that have occurred in the region over the last two decades, spanning a range of locations and magnitudes (5.4 and higher).

  1. Fault-controlled permeability and fluid flow in low-porosity crystalline rocks: an example from naturally fractured geothermal systems in the Southern Andes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Arancibia, G.; Roquer, T.; Sepúlveda, J.; Veloso, E. A.; Morata, D.; Rowland, J. V.

    2017-12-01

    Fault zones can control the location, emplacement, and evolution of economic mineral deposits and geothermal systems by acting as barriers and/or conduits to crustal fluid flow (e.g. magma, gas, oil, hydro-geothermal and groundwater). The nature of the fault control permeability is critical in the case of fluid flow into low porosity/permeability crystalline rocks, since structural permeability provides the main hydraulic conductivity to generate a natural fractured system. However, several processes accompanying the failure of rocks (i.e. episodic permeability given by cycling ruptures, mineral precipitation from fluids in veins, dissolution of minerals in the vicinity of a fracture) promote a complex time-dependent and enhancing/reducing fault-controlled permeability. We propose the Southern Volcanic Zone (Southern Andes, Chile) as a case study to evaluate the role of the structural permeability in low porosity crystalline rocks belonging to the Miocene North Patagonian Batholith. Recently published studies propose a relatively well-constrained first-order role of two active fault systems, the arc-parallel (NS to NNE trending) Liquiñe Ofqui Fault System and the arc-oblique (NW trending) Andean Transverse Fault Zones, in fluid flow at crustal scales. We now propose to examine the Liquiñe ( 39°S) and Maihue ( 40°S) areas as sites of interaction between these fault systems, in order to evaluate a naturally fractured geothermal system. Preliminary results indicate upwelling of thermal water directly from fractured granite or from fluvial deposits overlying granitoids. Measured temperatures of thermal springs suggest a low- to medium-enthalpy system, which could potentially be harnessed for use in geothermal energy applications (e.g. heating, wood dryer and green house), which are much needed in Southern Chile. Future work will aim to examine the nature of structural permeability from the regional to the microscopic scale connecting the paleo- and current- fluid

  2. Subsurface fault geometries in Southern California illuminated through Full-3D Seismic Waveform Tomography (F3DT)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, En-Jui; Chen, Po

    2017-04-01

    More precise spatial descriptions of fault systems play an essential role in tectonic interpretations, deformation modeling, and seismic hazard assessments. The recent developed full-3D waveform tomography techniques provide high-resolution images and are able to image the material property differences across faults to assist the understanding of fault systems. In the updated seismic velocity model for Southern California, CVM-S4.26, many velocity gradients show consistency with surface geology and major faults defined in the Community Fault Model (CFM) (Plesch et al. 2007), which was constructed by using various geological and geophysical observations. In addition to faults in CFM, CVM-S4.26 reveals a velocity reversal mainly beneath the San Gabriel Mountain and Western Mojave Desert regions, which is correlated with the detachment structure that has also been found in other independent studies. The high-resolution tomographic images of CVM-S4.26 could assist the understanding of fault systems in Southern California and therefore benefit the development of fault models as well as other applications, such as seismic hazard analysis, tectonic reconstructions, and crustal deformation modeling.

  3. Quantifying Vertical Exhumation in Intracontinental Strike-Slip Faults: the Garlock fault zone, southern California

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chinn, L.; Blythe, A. E.; Fendick, A.

    2012-12-01

    New apatite fission-track ages show varying rates of vertical exhumation at the eastern terminus of the Garlock fault zone. The Garlock fault zone is a 260 km long east-northeast striking strike-slip fault with as much as 64 km of sinistral offset. The Garlock fault zone terminates in the east in the Avawatz Mountains, at the intersection with the dextral Southern Death Valley fault zone. Although motion along the Garlock fault west of the Avawatz Mountains is considered purely strike-slip, uplift and exhumation of bedrock in the Avawatz Mountains south of the Garlock fault, as recently as 5 Ma, indicates that transpression plays an important role at this location and is perhaps related to a restricting bend as the fault wraps around and terminates southeastward along the Avawatz Mountains. In this study we complement extant thermochronometric ages from within the Avawatz core with new low temperature fission-track ages from samples collected within the adjacent Garlock and Southern Death Valley fault zones. These thermochronometric data indicate that vertical exhumation rates vary within the fault zone. Two Miocene ages (10.2 (+5.0/-3.4) Ma, 9.0 (+2.2/-1.8) Ma) indicate at least ~3.3 km of vertical exhumation at ~0.35 mm/yr, assuming a 30°C/km geothermal gradient, along a 2 km transect parallel and adjacent to the Mule Spring fault. An older Eocene age (42.9 (+8.7/-7.3) Ma) indicates ~3.3 km of vertical exhumation at ~0.08 mm/yr. These results are consistent with published exhumation rates of 0.35 mm/yr between ~7 and ~4 Ma and 0.13 mm/yr between ~15 and ~9 Ma, as determined by apatite fission-track and U-Th/He thermochronometry in the hanging-wall of the Mule Spring fault. Similar exhumation rates on both sides of the Mule Spring fault support three separate models: 1) Thrusting is no longer active along the Mule Spring fault, 2) Faulting is dominantly strike-slip at the sample locations, or 3) Miocene-present uplift and exhumation is below detection levels

  4. Two-Phase Exhumation of the Santa Rosa Mountains: Low- and High-Angle Normal Faulting During Initiation and Evolution of the Southern San Andreas Fault System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mason, Cody C.; Spotila, James A.; Axen, Gary; Dorsey, Rebecca J.; Luther, Amy; Stockli, Daniel F.

    2017-12-01

    Low-angle detachment fault systems are important elements of oblique-divergent plate boundaries, yet the role detachment faulting plays in the development of such boundaries is poorly understood. The West Salton Detachment Fault (WSDF) is a major low-angle normal fault that formed coeval with localization of the Pacific-North America plate boundary in the northern Salton Trough, CA. Apatite U-Th/He thermochronometry (AHe; n = 29 samples) and thermal history modeling of samples from the Santa Rosa Mountains (SRM) reveal that initial exhumation along the WSDF began at circa 8 Ma, exhuming footwall material from depths of >2 to 3 km. An uplifted fossil (Miocene) helium partial retention zone is present in the eastern SRM, while a deeper crustal section has been exhumed along the Pleistocene high-angle Santa Rosa Fault (SFR) to much higher elevations in the southwest SRM. Detachment-related vertical exhumation rates in the SRM were 0.15-0.36 km/Myr, with maximum fault slip rates of 1.2-3.0 km/Myr. Miocene AHe isochrons across the SRM are consistent with northeast crustal tilting of the SRM block and suggest that the post-WSDF vertical exhumation rate along the SRF was 1.3 km/Myr. The timing of extension initiation in the Salton Trough suggests that clockwise rotation of relative plate motions that began at 8 Ma is associated with initiation of the southern San Andreas system. Pleistocene regional tectonic reorganization was contemporaneous with an abrupt transition from low- to high-angle faulting and indicates that local fault geometry may at times exert a fundamental control on rock uplift rates along strike-slip fault systems.

  5. Aseismic Slip Events along the Southern San Andreas Fault System Captured by Radar Interferometry

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Vincent, P

    2001-10-01

    A seismic slip is observed along several faults in the Salton Sea and southernmost Landers rupture zone regions using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data spanning different time periods between 1992 and 1997. In the southernmost Landers rupture zone, projecting south from the Pinto Mountain Fault, sharp discontinuities in the interferometric phase are observed along the sub-parallel Burnt Mountain and Eureka Peak Faults beginning three months after the Landers earthquake and is interpreted to be post-Landers after-slip. Abrupt phase offsets are also seen along the two southernmost contiguous 11 km Durmid Hill and North Shore segments of the San Andreasmore » Fault with an abrupt termination of slip near the northern end of the North Shore Segment. A sharp phase offset is seen across 20 km of the 30 km-long Superstition Hills Fault before phase decorrelation in the Imperial Valley along the southern 10 km of the fault prevents coherent imaging by InSAR. A time series of deformation interferograms suggest most of this slip occurred between 1993 and 1995 and none of it occurred between 1992 and 1993. A phase offset is also seen along a 5 km central segment of the Coyote Creek fault that forms a wedge with an adjoining northeast-southwest trending conjugate fault. Most of the slip observed on the southern San Andreas and Superstition Hills Faults occurred between 1993 and 1995--no slip is observed in the 92-93 interferograms. These slip events, especially the Burnt Mountain and Eureka Peak events, are inferred to be related to stress redistribution from the June, 1992 M{sub w} = 7.3 Landers earthquake. Best-fit elastic models of the San Andreas and Superstition Hills slip events suggest source mechanisms with seismic moments over three orders of magnitude larger than a maximum possible summation of seismic moments from all seismicity along each fault segment during the entire 4.8-year time interval spanned by the InSAR data. Aseismic moment releases

  6. Neotectonic Investigation of the southern Rodgers Creek fault, Sonoma County, California

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Randolph, C. E.; Caskey, J.

    2001-12-01

    The 60-km-long Rodgers Creek fault (RCF) between San Pablo Bay and Santa Rosa strikes approximately N35W, and is characterized by a late Holocene right-lateral slip rate of 6.4-10.4 mm/yr. Recent field studies along the southern section of the fault have resulted in: 1) new insight concerning the structural relations across the fault and the long-term slip budget on the system of faults that make up the East Bay fault system; 2) a new annotated map documenting details of the tectonic geomorphology of the fault zone; 3) and new paleoseismic data. Structural relations found west of the RCF indicate that previously mapped thrust klippen of Donnell Ranch Volcanic's (DRV)(Ar/Ar 9-10 Ma), were emplaced over the Petaluma formation (Ar/Ar 8.52 Ma) along east-vergent thrust faults, rather than along west-vergent thrusts that splay from the RCF as previously proposed. This implies that: 1) the allochthonous DRV which have been correlated to volcanic rocks in the Berkeley Hills (Ar/Ar 9-10 Ma) must have orginated from west of the Tolay fault; and 2) much of the 45 km of northward translation of the DRV from the Berkeley Hills was accomplished along the Hayward-Tolay-Petaluma Valley system of faults, and not the RCF. Long-term offset along the RCF can be more reasonably estimated by matching similar aged Sonoma volcanic rocks (Ar/Ar 3-8 Ma) across the fault which suggests only about 10-15 km of net right-lateral translation across the fault. This estimate is more consistent with independently derived offsets across the RCF using paleogeographic reconstructions of the Roblar Tuff as well as Pliocene sedimentary units (Sarna-Wojcicki, 1992; Mclaughlin, 1996) An annotated strip map compiled from 1:6000 scale aerial photos for the southern 25 km of the fault has resulted in unprecedented new details on the surficial and bedrock deposits, and tectonic geomorphology along the fault. The new maps together with GPR surveys provided the basis for a site specific paleoseimic

  7. Faulting along the southern margin of Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Van Arsdale, R.; Purser, J.; Stephenson, W.; Odum, J.

    1998-01-01

    The Reelfoot Lake basin, Tennessee, is structurally complex and of great interest seismologically because it is located at the junction of two seismicity trends of the New Madrid seismic zone. To better understand the structure at this location, a 7.5-km-long seismic reflection profile was acquired on roads along the southern margin of Reelfoot Lake. The seismic line reveals a westerly dipping basin bounded on the west by the Reelfoot reverse fault zone, the Ridgely right-lateral transpressive fault zone on the east, and the Cottonwood Grove right-lateral strike-slip fault in the middle of the basin. The displacement history of the Reelfoot fault zone appears to be the same as the Ridgely fault zone, thus suggesting that movement on these fault zones has been synchronous, perhaps since the Cretaceous. Since the Reelfoot and Ridgely fault systems are believed responsible for two of the mainshocks of 1811-1812, the fault history revealed in the Reelfoot Lake profile suggests that multiple mainshocks may be typical of the New Madrid seismic zone. The Ridgely fault zone consists of two northeast-striking faults that lie at the base of and within the Mississippi Valley bluff line. This fault zone has 15 m of post-Eocene, up-to-the-east displacement and appears to locally control the eastern limit of Mississippi River migration. The Cottonwood Grove fault zone passes through the center of the seismic line and has approximately 5 m up-to-the-east displacement. Correlation of the Cottonwood Grove fault with a possible fault scarp on the floor of Reelfoot Lake and the New Markham fault north of the lake suggests the Cottonwood Grove fault may change to a northerly strike at Reelfoot Lake, thereby linking the northeast-trending zones of seismicity in the New Madrid seismic zone.

  8. Holocene Geologic Slip Rate for the Banning Strand of the Southern San Andreas Fault near San Gorgonio Pass, Southern California

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gold, P. O.; Behr, W. M.; Rood, D. H.; Kendrick, K. J.; Rockwell, T. K.; Sharp, W. D.

    2014-12-01

    We present the first Holocene geologic slip rate for the Banning strand of the southern San Andreas Fault in southern California. The southern San Andreas Fault splays into the sub-parallel Banning and Mission Creek strands in the northwestern Coachella Valley, and although it has long been surmised that the Banning strand eventually accommodates the majority of displacement and transfers it into San Gorgonio Pass, until now it has been uncertain how slip is actually partitioned between these two fault strands. Our new slip rate measurement, critically located at the northwestern end of the Banning strand, overlaps within errors with the published rate for the southern San Andreas Fault measured at Biskra Palms Oasis. This indicates that the majority of southern San Andreas Fault displacement transfers from the southeastern Mission Creek strand northwest to the Banning strand and into San Gorgonio Pass. Our result corroborates the UCERF3 hazard model, and is consistent with most previous interpretations of how slip is partitioned between the Banning and Mission Creek fault strands. To measure this slip rate, we used B4 airborne LiDAR to identify the apex of an alluvial fan offset laterally 30 ± 5 m from its source. We calculated the depositional age of the fan using 10Be in-situ cosmogenic exposure dating of 5 cobbles and a depth profile. We calculated a most probable fan age of 4.0 +2.0/-1.6 ka (1σ) by combining the inheritance-corrected cobble ages assuming Gaussian uncertainty. However, the probability density function yielded a multi-peaked distribution, which we attribute to variable 10Be inheritance in the cobbles, so we favor the depth profile age of 2.2-3.6 ka. Combined, these measurements yield a late Holocene slip rate for the Banning strand of the southern San Andreas Fault of 11.1 +3.1/-3.3 mm/yr. This slip rate does not preclude possibility that some slip transfers north along the Mission Creek strand and the Garnet Hill fault, but it does confirm

  9. The southern Whidbey Island fault: An active structure in the Puget Lowland, Washington

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Johnson, S.Y.; Potter, C.J.; Armentrout, J.M.; Miller, J.J.; Finn, C.; Weaver, C.S.

    1996-01-01

    Information from seismic-reflection profiles, outcrops, boreholes, and potential field surveys is used to interpret the structure and history of the southern Whidbey Island fault in the Puget Lowland of western Washington. This northwest-trending fault comprises a broad (as wide as 6-11 km), steep, northeast-dipping zone that includes several splays with inferred strike-slip, reverse, and thrust displacement. Transpressional deformation along the southern Whidbey Island fault is indicated by alongstrike variations in structural style and geometry, positive flower structure, local unconformities, out-of-plane displacements, and juxtaposition of correlative sedimentary units with different histories. The southern Whidbey Island fault represents a segment of a boundary between two major crustal blocks. The Cascade block to the northeast is floored by diverse assemblages of pre-Tertiary rocks; the Coast Range block to the southwest is floored by lower Eocene marine basaltic rocks of the Crescent Formation. The fault probably originated during the early Eocene as a dextral strike-slip fault along the eastern side of a continental-margin rift. Bending of the fault and transpressional deformation began during the late middle Eocene and continues to the present. Oblique convergence and clockwise rotation along the continental margin are the inferred driving forces for ongoing deformation. Evidence for Quaternary movement on the southern Whidbey Island fault includes (1) offset and disrupted upper Quaternary strata imaged on seismic-reflection profiles; (2) borehole data that suggests as much as 420 m of structural relief on the Tertiary-Quaternary boundary in the fault zone; (3) several meters of displacement along exposed faults in upper Quaternary sediments; (4) late Quaternary folds with limb dips of as much as ???9??; (5) large-scale liquefaction features in upper Quaternary sediments within the fault zone; and (6) minor historical seismicity. The southern Whidbey

  10. Extensional faulting in the southern Klamath Mountains, California

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Schweickert, R.A.; Irwin, W.P.

    1989-01-01

    Large northeast striking normal faults in the southern Klamath Mountains may indicate that substantial crustal extension occurred during Tertiary time. Some of these faults form grabens in the Jurassic and older bedrock of the province. The grabens contain continental Oligocene or Miocene deposits (Weaverville Formation), and in two of them the Oligocene or Miocene is underlain by Lower Cretaceous marine formations (Great Valley sequence). At the La Grange gold placer mine the Oligocene or Miocene strata dip northwest into the gently southeast dipping mylonitic footwall surface of the La Grange fault. The large normal displacement required by the relations at the La Grange mine is also suggested by omission of several kilometers of structural thickness of bedrock units across the northeast continuation of the La Grange fault, as well as by significant changes in bedrock across some northeast striking faults elsewhere in the Central Metamorphic and Eastern Klamath belts. The Trinity ultramafic sheet crops out in the Eastern Klamath terrane as part of a broad northeast trending arch that may be structurally analogous to the domed lower plate of metamorphic core complexes found in eastern parts of the Cordillera. The northeast continuation of the La Grange fault bounds the southeastern side of the Trinity arch in the Eastern Klamath terrane and locally cuts out substantial lower parts of adjacent Paleozoic strata of the Redding section. Faults bounding the northwestem side of the Trinity arch generally trend northeast and juxtapose stacked thrust sheets of lower Paleozoic strata of the Yreka terrane against the Trinity ultramafic sheet. Geometric relations suggest that the Tertiary extension of the southern Klamath Mountains was in NW-SE directions and that the Redding section and the southern part of the Central Metamorphic terrane may be a large Tertiary allochthon detached from the Trinity ultramafic sheet. Paleomagnetic data indicate a lack of rotation about a

  11. Intra-arc Seismicity: Geometry and Kinematic Constraints of Active Faulting along Northern Liquiñe-Ofqui and Andean Transverse Fault Systems [38º and 40ºS, Southern Andes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sielfeld, G.; Lange, D.; Cembrano, J. M.

    2017-12-01

    Intra-arc crustal seismicity documents the schizosphere tectonic state along active magmatic arcs. At oblique-convergent margins, a significant portion of bulk transpressional deformation is accommodated in intra-arc regions, as a consequence of stress and strain partitioning. Simultaneously, crustal fluid migration mechanisms may be controlled by the geometry and kinematics of crustal high strain domains. In such domains shallow earthquakes have been associated with either margin-parallel strike-slip faults or to volcano-tectonic activity. However, very little is known on the nature and kinematics of Southern Andes intra-arc crustal seismicity and its relation with crustal faults. Here we present results of a passive seismicity study based on 16 months of data collected from 33 seismometers deployed along the intra-arc region of Southern Andes between 38˚S and 40˚S. This region is characterized by a long-lived interplay among margin-parallel strike-slip faults (Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault System, LOFS), second order Andean-transverse-faults (ATF), volcanism and hydrothermal activity. Seismic signals recorded by our network document small magnitude (0.2P and 2,796 S phase arrival times have been located with NonLinLoc. First arrival polarities and amplitude ratios of well-constrained events, were used for focal mechanism inversion. Local seismicity occurs at shallow levels down to depth of ca. 16 km, associated either with stratovolcanoes or to master, N10˚E, and subsidiary, NE to ENE, striking branches of the LOFS. Strike-slip focal mechanisms are consistent with the long-term kinematics documented by field structural-geology studies. Unexpected, well-defined NW-SE elongated clusters are also reported. In particular, a 72-hour-long, N60˚W-oriented seismicity swarm took place at Caburgua Lake area, describing a ca. 36x12x1km3 faulting crustal volume. Results imply a unique snapshot on shallow crustal tectonics, contributing to the understanding of faulting processes

  12. Improved alignment of the Hengchun Fault (southern Taiwan) based on fieldwork, structure-from-motion, shallow drilling, and levelling data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Giletycz, Slawomir Jack; Chang, Chung-Pai; Lin, Andrew Tien-Shun; Ching, Kuo-En; Shyu, J. Bruce H.

    2017-11-01

    The fault systems of Taiwan have been repeatedly studied over many decades. Still, new surveys consistently bring fresh insights into their mechanisms, activity and geological characteristics. The neotectonic map of Taiwan is under constant development. Although the most active areas manifest at the on-land boundary of the Philippine Sea Plate and Eurasia (a suture zone known as the Longitudinal Valley), and at the southwestern area of the Western Foothills, the fault systems affect the entire island. The Hengchun Peninsula represents the most recently emerged part of the Taiwan orogen. This narrow 20-25 km peninsula appears relatively aseismic. However, at the western flank the peninsula manifests tectonic activity along the Hengchun Fault. In this study, we surveyed the tectonic characteristics of the Hengchun Fault. Based on fieldwork, four years of monitoring fault displacement in conjunction with levelling data, core analysis, UAV surveys and mapping, we have re-evaluated the fault mechanisms as well as the geological formations of the hanging and footwall. We surveyed features that allowed us to modify the existing model of the fault in two ways: 1) correcting the location of the fault line in the southern area of the peninsula by moving it westwards about 800 m; 2) defining the lithostratigraphy of the hanging and footwall of the fault. A bathymetric map of the southern area of the Hengchun Peninsula obtained from the Atomic Energy Council that extends the fault trace offshore to the south distinctively matches our proposed fault line. These insights, coupled with crust-scale tomographic data from across the Manila accretionary system, form the basis of our opinion that the Hengchun Fault may play a major role in the tectonic evolution of the southern part of the Taiwan orogen.

  13. Identifying Fault Connections of the Southern Pacific-North American Plate Boundary Using Triggered Slip and Crustal Velocities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Donnellan, A.; Grant Ludwig, L.; Rundle, J. B.; Parker, J. W.; Granat, R.; Heflin, M. B.; Pierce, M. E.; Wang, J.; Gunson, M.; Lyzenga, G. A.

    2017-12-01

    The 2010 M7.2 El Mayor - Cucapah earthquake caused extensive triggering of slip on faults proximal to the Salton Trough in southern California. Triggered slip and postseismic motions that have continued for over five years following the earthquake highlight connections between the El Mayor - Cucapah rupture and the network of faults that branch out along the southern Pacific - North American Plate Boundary. Coseismic triggering follows a network of conjugate faults from the northern end of the rupture to the Coachella segment of the southernmost San Andreas fault. Larger aftershocks and postseismic motions favor connections to the San Jacinto and Elsinore faults further west. The 2012 Brawley Swarm can be considered part of the branching on the Imperial Valley or east side of the plate boundary. Cluster analysis of long-term GPS velocities using Lloyds Algorithm, identifies bifurcation of the Pacific - North American plate boundary; The San Jacinto fault joins with the southern San Andreas fault, and the Salton Trough and Coachella segment of the San Andreas fault join with the Eastern California Shear Zone. The clustering analysis does not identify throughgoing deformation connecting the Coachella segment of the San Andreas fault with the rest of the San Andreas fault system through the San Gorgonio Pass. This observation is consistent with triggered slip from both the 1992 Landers and 2010 El Mayor - Cucapah earthquakes that follows the plate boundary bifurcation and with paleoseismic evidence of smaller earthquakes in the San Gorgonio Pass.

  14. Late quaternary paleoseismology of the southern Steens fault zone, northern Nevada

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Personius, S.F.; Crone, A.J.; Machette, M.N.; Mahan, S.A.; Kyung, J.B.; Cisneros, H.; Lidke, D.J.

    2007-01-01

    The 192-km-long Steens fault zone is the most prominent normal fault system in the northern Basin and Range province of western North America. We use trench mapping and radiometric dating to estimate displacements and timing of the last three surface-rupturing earthquakes (E1-E3) on the southern part of the fault south of Denio, Nevada. Coseismic displacements range from 1.1 to 2.2 ?? 0.5 m, and radiometric ages indicate earthquake times of 11.5 ?? 2.0 ka (E3), 6.1 ?? 0.5 ka (E2), and 4.6 ?? 1.0 ka (E1). These data yield recurrence intervals of 5.4 ?? 2.1 k.y. between E3 and E2, 1.5 ?? 1.1 k.y. between E2 and E1, and an elapsed time of 4.6 ?? 1.0 k.y. since E1. The recurrence data yield variable interval slip rates (between 0.2 ?? 0.22 and 1.5 ?? 2.3 mm/yr), but slip rates averaged over the past ???18 k.y. (0.24 ?? 0.06 mm/year) are similar to long-term (8.5-12.5 Ma) slip rates (0.2 ?? 0.1 mm /yr) measured a few kilometers to the north. We infer from the lack of significant topographic relief across the fault in Bog Hot Valley that the fault zone is propagating southward and may now be connected with a fault at the northwestern end of the Pine Forest Range. Displacements documented in the trench and a rupture length of 37 km indicate a history of three latest Quaternary earthquakes with magnitudes of M 6.6-7.1 on the southern part of the Steens fault zone.

  15. NW transverse fault system in Southern Bogota, Colombia: New seismologic and structural evidences derived from focal mechanisms and stress field determination

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Angel Amaya, J.; Fierro Morales, J.; Ordoñez Potes, M.; Blanco, M.

    2012-12-01

    We present new seismological, morphotectonic and structural data of the Southern Bogota area. The goals of the study were to characterize the NW transverse fault system and to evaluate its effect on seismic wave's generation and propagation. The data set included epicenters of the RSNC (Red Sismologica Nacional de Colombia) catalog over the period 1993-2012, historical description of seismic events (period 1644-1921), structural field data (scale 1:100000) and remote sensors interpretation. The methodology included the structural analysis of over 476 faults having a known sense of offset by using a least squares iterative inversion outlined by Angelier (1984) to determinate the mean deviatoric principal stress tensor. Preliminary conclusions showed that both propagation medium and direction are determined by the structural and mechanic conditions of the Southern Bogota Shear Zone (SBSZ) defined by Fierro & Angel, (2008) as a NW-SE oblique-slip fault zone within sinistral and normal regimes. Based on both data sources (focal mechanism and field structural data) we attempted to reconstruct the stress field starting with a strike slip faulting stress regime (S2 vertical), the solution yielded a ENE-WSW orientation for horizontal principal stress (S1). It is hypothesized that the NW oblique-slip fault zone may generate and/or propagate seismic waves, as a local source, implying local hazard to Bogota the capital city of Colombia with over 8 million habitants.

  16. Seismicity preliminary results in a geothermal and volcano activity area: study case Liquiñe-Ofqui fault system in Southern Andes, Chile

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Estay, N. P.; Yáñez Morroni, G.; Crempien, J. G. F.; Roquer, T.

    2017-12-01

    Fluid transport through the crust takes place in domains with high permeability. For this reason, fault damage zones are a main feature where fluids may circulate unimpeded, since they have much larger permeability than normal country rocks. With the location of earthquakes, it is possible to infer fault geometry and stress field of the crust, therefore we can determine potential places where fluid circualtion is taking place. With that purpose, we installed a seismic network in an active volcanic-geothermal system, the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault System (LOFS), located in Puyuhuapi, Southern Andes (44°-45°S). This allowed to link epicentral seismicity, focal mechanisms and surface expression of fluid circulation (hot-springs and volcanos). The LOFS is composed by two NS-striking dextral master faults, and several secondary NE-striking dextral and normal faults. Surface manifestation of fluid circulation in Puyuhuapi area are: 1) six hot-springs, most of them spatially associated with different mapped faults; 2) seven minor eruptive centers aligned over a 10-km-along one of the master NS-striking fault, and; 3) the Melimouyu strato-volcano without any spatial relationship with mapped faults. The network consists of 6 short period seismometers (S31f-2.0a sensor of IESE, with natural frequency of 2Hz), that were installed between July 2016 and August 2017; also 4 permanent broad-band seismometers (Guralp 6TD/ CD 24 sensor) which belong to the Volcano Observatory of Southern Andes (OVDAS). Preliminary results show a correlation between seismicity and surface manifestation of fluid circulation. Seismicity has a heterogeneous distribution: most of the earthquake are concentrated is the master NS-striking fault with fluid circulation manifestations; however along the segments without surface manifestation of fluids do not have seismicity. These results suggest that fluid circulation mostly occur in areas with high seismicity, and thus, the increment in fluid pressure enhances

  17. A Geologic and Geomorphic Mapping Approach to Understanding the Kinematic Role of Faulting in the Little San Bernardino Mountains in the Evolution of the San Andreas Fault System in Southern California

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Powell, R. E.; Matti, J. C.

    2006-12-01

    The Little San Bernardino Mountains (LSBM) constitute a pivotal yet poorly understood structural domain along the right-lateral San Andreas Fault (SAF) in southern California. The LSBM, forming a dramatic escarpment between the eastern Transverse Ranges (ETR) and the Salton Trough, contain an array of N- to NW-trending faults that occupy the zone of intersections between the SAF and the coevolving E-trending left-slip faults of the ETR. One of the N-trending faults within the LSBM domain, the West Deception Canyon Fault, previously has been identified as the locus of the Joshua Tree earthquake (Mw 6.1) of 23 April 1992. That earthquake was the initial shock in the ensuing Landers earthquake sequence. During the evolution of the plate-margin shearing associated with the opening of the Gulf of California since about 5 Ma, the left-lateral faults of the ETR have provided the kinematic transition between the S end of the broad Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ) which extends northward through the Mojave Desert and along Walker Lane and the SAF proper in southern California. The long-term geologic record of cumulative displacement on the sinistral ETR faults and the dextral SAF and Mojave Desert faults indicates that these conjugate fault sets have mutually accommodated one another rather than exhibit cross-cutting relations. In contrast, the linear array of earthquakes that make up the dextral 1992 Landers sequence extends across the sinistral Pinto Mountain Fault and has been cited by some as evidence that ECSZ is coalescing southward along the N-trending dextral faults of the northern LSBM to join the ECSZ directly to southern SAF. To gain a better understanding of the array of faults in the LSBM, we are combining mapping within the crystalline basement terrane of the LSBM with mapping both of uplifted remnants of erosional surfaces developed on basement rocks and of volcanic and sedimentary rocks deposited on those surfaces. Our preliminary findings indicate the

  18. Frictional strength and heat flow of southern San Andreas Fault

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhu, P. P.

    2016-01-01

    Frictional strength and heat flow of faults are two related subjects in geophysics and seismology. To date, the investigation on regional frictional strength and heat flow still stays at the stage of qualitative estimation. This paper is concentrated on the regional frictional strength and heat flow of the southern San Andreas Fault (SAF). Based on the in situ borehole measured stress data, using the method of 3D dynamic faulting analysis, we quantitatively determine the regional normal stress, shear stress, and friction coefficient at various seismogenic depths. These new data indicate that the southern SAF is a weak fault within the depth of 15 km. As depth increases, all the regional normal and shear stresses and friction coefficient increase. The former two increase faster than the latter. Regional shear stress increment per kilometer equals 5.75 ± 0.05 MPa/km for depth ≤15 km; regional normal stress increment per kilometer is equal to 25.3 ± 0.1 MPa/km for depth ≤15 km. As depth increases, regional friction coefficient increment per kilometer decreases rapidly from 0.08 to 0.01/km at depths less than ~3 km. As depth increases from ~3 to ~5 km, it is 0.01/km and then from ~5 to 15 km, and it is 0.002/km. Previously, frictional strength could be qualitatively determined by heat flow measurements. It is difficult to obtain the quantitative heat flow data for the SAF because the measured heat flow data exhibit large scatter. However, our quantitative results of frictional strength can be employed to investigate the heat flow in the southern SAF. We use a physical quantity P f to describe heat flow. It represents the dissipative friction heat power per unit area generated by the relative motion of two tectonic plates accommodated by off-fault deformation. P f is called "fault friction heat." On the basis of our determined frictional strength data, utilizing the method of 3D dynamic faulting analysis, we quantitatively determine the regional long-term fault

  19. The continuation of the Kazerun fault system across the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone (Iran)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Safaei, Homayon

    2009-08-01

    The Kazerun (or Kazerun-Qatar) fault system is a north-trending dextral strike-slip fault zone in the Zagros mountain belt of Iran. It probably originated as a structure in the Panafrican basement. This fault system played an important role in the sedimentation and deformation of the Phanerozoic cover sequence and is still seismically active. No previous studies have reported the continuation of this important and ancient fault system northward across the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. The Isfahan fault system is a north-trending dextral strike-slip fault across the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone that passes west of Isfahan city and is here recognized for the first time. This important fault system is about 220 km long and is seismically active in the basement as well as the sedimentary cover sequence. This fault system terminates to the south near the Main Zagros Thrust and to the north at the southern boundary of the Urumieh-Dokhtar zone. The Isfahan fault system is the boundary between the northern and southern parts of Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, which have fundamentally different stratigraphy, petrology, geomorphology, and geodynamic histories. Similarities in the orientations, kinematics, and geologic histories of the Isfahan and Kazerun faults and the way they affect the magnetic basement suggest that they are related. In fact, the Isfahan fault is a continuation of the Kazerun fault across the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone that has been offset by about 50 km of dextral strike-slip displacement along the Main Zagros Thrust.

  20. Holocene geologic slip rate for the Banning strand of the southern San Andreas Fault, southern California

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Gold, Peter O.; Behr, Whitney M.; Rood, Dylan; Sharp, Warren D.; Rockwell, Thomas; Kendrick, Katherine J.; Salin, Aaron

    2015-01-01

    Northwest directed slip from the southern San Andreas Fault is transferred to the Mission Creek, Banning, and Garnet Hill fault strands in the northwestern Coachella Valley. How slip is partitioned between these three faults is critical to southern California seismic hazard estimates but is poorly understood. In this paper, we report the first slip rate measured for the Banning fault strand. We constrain the depositional age of an alluvial fan offset 25 ± 5 m from its source by the Banning strand to between 5.1 ± 0.4 ka (95% confidence interval (CI)) and 6.4 + 3.7/−2.1 ka (95% CI) using U-series dating of pedogenic carbonate clast coatings and 10Be cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating of surface clasts. We calculate a Holocene geologic slip rate for the Banning strand of 3.9 + 2.3/−1.6 mm/yr (median, 95% CI) to 4.9 + 1.0/−0.9 mm/yr (median, 95% CI). This rate represents only 25–35% of the total slip accommodated by this section of the southern San Andreas Fault, suggesting a model in which slip is less concentrated on the Banning strand than previously thought. In rejecting the possibility that the Banning strand is the dominant structure, our results highlight an even greater need for slip rate and paleoseismic measurements along faults in the northwestern Coachella Valley in order to test the validity of current earthquake hazard models. In addition, our comparison of ages measured with U-series and 10Be exposure dating demonstrates the importance of using multiple geochronometers when estimating the depositional age of alluvial landforms.

  1. Active tectonics of the Imperial Valley, southern California: fault damage zones, complex basins and buried faults

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Persaud, P.; Ma, Y.; Stock, J. M.; Hole, J. A.; Fuis, G. S.; Han, L.

    2016-12-01

    Ongoing oblique slip at the Pacific-North America plate boundary in the Salton Trough produced the Imperial Valley. Deformation in this seismically active area is distributed across a complex network of exposed and buried faults resulting in a largely unmapped seismic hazard beneath the growing population centers of El Centro, Calexico and Mexicali. To better understand the shallow crustal structure in this region and the connectivity of faults and seismicity lineaments, we used data primarily from the Salton Seismic Imaging Project (SSIP) to construct a P-wave velocity profile to 15 km depth, and a 3-D velocity model down to 8 km depth including the Brawley Geothermal area. We obtained detailed images of a complex wedge-shaped basin at the southern end of the San Andreas Fault system. Two deep subbasins (VP <5.65 km/s) are located in the western part of the larger Imperial Valley basin, where seismicity trends and active faults play a significant role in shaping the basin edge. Our 3-D VP model reveals previously unrecognized NE-striking cross faults that are interacting with the dominant NW-striking faults to control deformation. New findings in our profile include localized regions of low VP (thickening of a 5.65-5.85 km/s layer) near faults or seismicity lineaments interpreted as possibly faulting-related. Our 3-D model and basement map reveal velocity highs associated with the geothermal areas in the eastern valley. The improved seismic velocity model from this study, and the identification of important unmapped faults or buried interfaces will help refine the seismic hazard for parts of Imperial County, California.

  2. Taking apart the Big Pine fault: Redefining a major structural feature in southern California

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Onderdonk, N.W.; Minor, S.A.; Kellogg, K.S.

    2005-01-01

    New mapping along the Big Pine fault trend in southern California indicates that this structural alignment is actually three separate faults, which exhibit different geometries, slip histories, and senses of offset since Miocene time. The easternmost fault, along the north side of Lockwood Valley, exhibits left-lateral reverse Quaternary displacement but was a north dipping normal fault in late Oligocene to early Miocene time. The eastern Big Pine fault that bounds the southern edge of the Cuyama Badlands is a south dipping reverse fault that is continuous with the San Guillermo fault. The western segment of the Big Pine fault trend is a north dipping thrust fault continuous with the Pine Mountain fault and delineates the northern boundary of the rotated western Transverse Ranges terrane. This redefinition of the Big Pine fault differs greatly from the previous interpretation and significantly alters regional tectonic models and seismic risk estimates. The outcome of this study also demonstrates that basic geologic mapping is still needed to support the development of geologic models. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.

  3. Evolution of Late Miocene to Contemporary Displacement Transfer Between the Northern Furnace Creek and Southern Fish Lake Valley Fault Zones and the Central Walker Lane, Western Great Basin, Nevada

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Oldow, J. S.; Geissman, J. W.

    2013-12-01

    Late Miocene to contemporary displacement transfer from the north Furnace Creek (FCF) and southern Fish Lake Valley (FLVF) faults to structures in the central Walker Lane was and continues to be accommodated by a belt of WNW-striking left-oblique fault zones in the northern part of the southern Walker Lane. The WNW fault zones are 2-9 km wide belts of anastomosing fault strands that intersect the NNW-striking FCF and southern FLVF in northern Death Valley and southern Fish Lake Valley, respectively. The WNW fault zones extend east for over 60 km where they merge with a 5-10 km wide belt of N10W striking faults that marks the eastern boundary of the southern Walker Lane. Left-oblique displacement on WNW faults progressively decreases to the east, as motion is successively transferred northeast on NNE-striking faults. NNE faults localize and internally deform extensional basins that each record cumulative net vertical displacements of between 3.0 and 5.2 km. The transcurrent faults and associated basins decrease in age from south to north. In the south, the WNW Sylvania Mountain fault system initiated left-oblique motion after 7 Ma but does not have evidence of contemporary displacement. Farther north, the left-oblique motion on the Palmetto Mountain fault system initiated after 6.0 to 4.0 Ma and has well-developed scarps in Quaternary deposits. Cumulative left-lateral displacement for the Sylvania Mountain fault system is 10-15 km, and is 8-12 km for the Palmetto fault system. The NNE-striking faults that emanate from the left-oblique faults merge with NNW transcurrent faults farther north in the eastern part of the Mina deflection, which links the Owens Valley fault of eastern California to the central Walker Lane. Left-oblique displacement on the Sylvania Mountain and Palmetto Mountain fault zones deformed the Furnace Creek and Fish Lake Valley faults. Left-oblique motion on Sylvania Mountain fault deflected the FCF into the 15 km wide Cucomungo Canyon restraining

  4. Strike-slip faulting in the Inner California Borderlands, offshore Southern California.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bormann, J. M.; Kent, G. M.; Driscoll, N. W.; Harding, A. J.; Sahakian, V. J.; Holmes, J. J.; Klotsko, S.; Kell, A. M.; Wesnousky, S. G.

    2015-12-01

    In the Inner California Borderlands (ICB), offshore of Southern California, modern dextral strike-slip faulting overprints a prominent system of basins and ridges formed during plate boundary reorganization 30-15 Ma. Geodetic data indicate faults in the ICB accommodate 6-8 mm/yr of Pacific-North American plate boundary deformation; however, the hazard posed by the ICB faults is poorly understood due to unknown fault geometry and loosely constrained slip rates. We present observations from high-resolution and reprocessed legacy 2D multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection datasets and multibeam bathymetry to constrain the modern fault architecture and tectonic evolution of the ICB. We use a sequence stratigraphy approach to identify discrete episodes of deformation in the MCS data and present the results of our mapping in a regional fault model that distinguishes active faults from relict structures. Significant differences exist between our model of modern ICB deformation and existing models. From east to west, the major active faults are the Newport-Inglewood/Rose Canyon, Palos Verdes, San Diego Trough, and San Clemente fault zones. Localized deformation on the continental slope along the San Mateo, San Onofre, and Carlsbad trends results from geometrical complexities in the dextral fault system. Undeformed early to mid-Pleistocene age sediments onlap and overlie deformation associated with the northern Coronado Bank fault (CBF) and the breakaway zone of the purported Oceanside Blind Thrust. Therefore, we interpret the northern CBF to be inactive, and slip rate estimates based on linkage with the Holocene active Palos Verdes fault are unwarranted. In the western ICB, the San Diego Trough fault (SDTF) and San Clemente fault have robust linear geomorphic expression, which suggests that these faults may accommodate a significant portion of modern ICB slip in a westward temporal migration of slip. The SDTF offsets young sediments between the US/Mexico border and the

  5. Paleoseismology of the Southern Section of the Black Mountains and Southern Death Valley Fault Zones, Death Valley, United States

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Sohn, Marsha S.; Knott, Jeffrey R.; Mahan, Shannon

    2014-01-01

    The Death Valley Fault System (DVFS) is part of the southern Walker Lane–eastern California shear zone. The normal Black Mountains Fault Zone (BMFZ) and the right-lateral Southern Death Valley Fault Zone (SDVFZ) are two components of the DVFS. Estimates of late Pleistocene-Holocene slip rates and recurrence intervals for these two fault zones are uncertain owing to poor relative age control. The BMFZ southernmost section (Section 1W) steps basinward and preserves multiple scarps in the Quaternary alluvial fans. We present optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates ranging from 27 to 4 ka of fluvial and eolian sand lenses interbedded with alluvial-fan deposits offset by the BMFZ. By cross-cutting relations, we infer that there were three separate ground-rupturing earthquakes on BMFZ Section 1W with vertical displacement between 5.5 m and 2.75 m. The slip-rate estimate is ∼0.2 to 1.8 mm/yr, with an earthquake recurrence interval of 4,500 to 2,000 years. Slip-per-event measurements indicate Mw 7.0 to 7.2 earthquakes. The 27–4-ka OSL-dated alluvial fans also overlie the putative Cinder Hill tephra layer. Cinder Hill is offset ∼213 m by SDVFZ, which yields a tentative slip rate of 1 to 8 mm/yr for the SDVFZ.

  6. Normal Faulting at the Western Margin of the Altiplano Plateau, Southern Peru

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schildgen, T. F.; Hodges, K. V.; Whipple, K. X.; Perignon, M.; Smith, T. M.

    2004-12-01

    Although the western margin of the Altiplano Plateau is commonly used to illustrate the marked differences in the evolution of a mountain range with strong latitudinal and longitudinal precipitation gradients, the nature of tectonism in this semi-arid region is poorly understood and much debated. The western margin of the Altiplano in southern Peru and northern Chile marks an abrupt transition from the forearc region of the Andes to the high topography of the Cordillera Occidental. This transition has been interpreted by most workers as a monocline, with modifications due to thrust faulting, normal faulting, and gravity slides. Based on recent fieldwork and satellite image analysis, we suggest that, at least in the semi-arid climate of southern Peru, this transition has been the locus of significant high-angle normal faulting related to the block uplift of the Cordillera Occidental. We have focused our initial work in the vicinity of 15\\deg S latitude, 71\\deg W longitude, where the range front crosses Colca Canyon, a major antecedent drainage northwest of Arequipa. In that area, Oligocene to Miocene sediments of the Moquegua Formation, which were eroded from uplifted terrain to the northeast, presently dip to the northeast at angles between 2 and 10º. Field observations of a normal fault contact between the Moquegua sedimentary rocks and Jurassic basement rocks, as well as 15-m resolution 3-D images generated from ASTER satellite imagery, show that the Moquegua units are down-dropped to the west across a steeply SW-dipping normal fault of regional significance. Morphology of the range front throughout southern Peru suggests that normal faulting along the range front has characterized the recent tectonic history of the region. We present geochronological data to constrain the timing of movement both directly from the fault zone as well as indirectly from canyon incision that likely responded to fault movement.

  7. Holocene slip rates along the San Andreas Fault System in the San Gorgonio Pass and implications for large earthquakes in southern California

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Heermance, Richard V.; Yule, Doug

    2017-06-01

    The San Gorgonio Pass (SGP) in southern California contains a 40 km long region of structural complexity where the San Andreas Fault (SAF) bifurcates into a series of oblique-slip faults with unknown slip history. We combine new 10Be exposure ages (Qt4: 8600 (+2100, -2200) and Qt3: 5700 (+1400, -1900) years B.P.) and a radiocarbon age (1260 ± 60 years B.P.) from late Holocene terraces with scarp displacement of these surfaces to document a Holocene slip rate of 5.7 (+2.7, -1.5) mm/yr combined across two faults. Our preferred slip rate is 37-49% of the average slip rates along the SAF outside the SGP (i.e., Coachella Valley and San Bernardino sections) and implies that strain is transferred off the SAF in this area. Earthquakes here most likely occur in very large, throughgoing SAF events at a lower recurrence than elsewhere on the SAF, so that only approximately one third of SAF ruptures penetrate or originate in the pass.Plain Language SummaryHow large are earthquakes on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span>? The answer to this question depends on whether or not the earthquake is contained only along individual <span class="hlt">fault</span> sections, such as the Coachella Valley section north of Palm Springs, or the rupture crosses multiple sections including the area through the San Gorgonio Pass. We have determined the age and offset of <span class="hlt">faulted</span> stream deposits within the San Gorgonio Pass to document slip rates of these <span class="hlt">faults</span> over the last 10,000 years. Our results indicate a long-term slip rate of 6 mm/yr, which is almost 1/2 of the rates east and west of this area. These new rates, combined with <span class="hlt">faulted</span> geomorphic surfaces, imply that large magnitude earthquakes must occasionally rupture a 300 km length of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> from the Salton Sea to the Mojave Desert. Although many ( 65%) earthquakes along the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> likely do not rupture through the pass, our new results suggest that large >Mw 7.5 earthquakes are possible</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.2066B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.2066B"><span>Evolving transpressional strain fields along the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California: implications for <span class="hlt">fault</span> branching, <span class="hlt">fault</span> dip segmentation and strain partitioning</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bergh, Steffen; Sylvester, Arthur; Damte, Alula; Indrevær, Kjetil</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>The San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California records only few large-magnitude earthquakes in historic time, and the recent activity is confined primarily on irregular and discontinuous strike-slip and thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span> strands at shallow depths of ~5-20 km. Despite this fact, slip along the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> is calculated to c. 35 mm/yr based on c.160 km total right lateral displacement for the <span class="hlt">southern</span> segment of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the last c. 8 Ma. Field observations also reveal complex <span class="hlt">fault</span> strands and multiple events of deformation. The presently diffuse high-magnitude crustal movements may be explained by the deformation being largely distributed along more gently dipping reverse <span class="hlt">faults</span> in fold-thrust belts, in contrast to regions to the north where deformation is less partitioned and localized to narrow strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones. In the Mecca Hills of the Salton trough transpressional deformation of an uplifted segment of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the last ca. 4.0 My is expressed by very complex <span class="hlt">fault</span>-oblique and <span class="hlt">fault</span>-parallel (en echelon) folding, and zones of uplift (fold-thrust belts), basement-involved reverse and strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> and accompanying multiple and pervasive cataclasis and conjugate fracturing of Miocene to Pleistocene sedimentary strata. Our structural analysis of the Mecca Hills addresses the kinematic nature of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> and mechanisms of uplift and strain-stress distribution along bent <span class="hlt">fault</span> strands. The San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> and subsidiary <span class="hlt">faults</span> define a wide spectrum of kinematic styles, from steep localized strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span>, to moderate dipping <span class="hlt">faults</span> related to oblique en echelon folds, and gently dipping <span class="hlt">faults</span> distributed in fold-thrust belt domains. Therefore, the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> is not a through-going, steep strike-slip crustal structure, which is commonly the basis for crustal modeling and earthquake rupture models. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> trace was steep initially, but was later multiphase deformed/modified by oblique en echelon folding</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JSG....30.1554W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JSG....30.1554W"><span>The kinematic history of the Khlong Marui and Ranong <span class="hlt">Faults</span>, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Thailand</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Watkinson, Ian; Elders, Chris; Hall, Robert</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>The Khlong Marui <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (KMF) and Ranong <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (RF) are major NNE-trending strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> which dissect peninsular Thailand. They have been assumed to be conjugate to the NW-trending Three Pagodas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (TPF) and Mae Ping <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (MPF) in Northern Thailand, which experienced a diachronous reversal in shear sense during India-Eurasia collision. It follows that the KMF and RF are expected to show the opposite shear sense and a slip sense reversal at a similar time to the TPF and MPF. New field data from the KMF and RF reveal two phases of ductile dextral shear separated by Campanian magmatism. Paleocene to Eocene post-kinematic granites date the end of this phase, while a brittle sinistral phase deforms the granites, and has exhumed the ductile <span class="hlt">fault</span> rocks. The timing of these movements precludes formation of the <span class="hlt">faults</span> in response to Himalayan extrusion tectonics. Instead, they formed near the <span class="hlt">southern</span> margin of a Late Cretaceous-Paleocene orogen, and may have been influenced by variations in the rate of subduction ahead of India and Australia. North-south compression prior to reactivation of the subduction zone around <span class="hlt">southern</span> Sundaland in the Eocene caused widespread deformation in the over-riding plate, including sinistral transpression on the KMF and RF.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3222/sim3222_poster.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3222/sim3222_poster.pdf"><span>Earthquakes and <span class="hlt">faults</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California (1970-2010)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Sleeter, Benjamin M.; Calzia, James P.; Walter, Stephen R.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The map depicts both active and inactive <span class="hlt">faults</span> and earthquakes magnitude 1.5 to 7.3 in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California (1970–2010). The bathymetry was generated from digital files from the California Department of Fish And Game, Marine Region, Coastal Bathymetry Project. Elevation data are from the U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Database. Landsat satellite image is from fourteen Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper scenes collected between 2009 and 2010. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> data are reproduced with permission from 2006 California Geological Survey and U.S. Geological Survey data. The earthquake data are from the U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=39445','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=39445"><span>Geometric incompatibility in a <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gabrielov, A; Keilis-Borok, V; Jackson, D D</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>Interdependence between geometry of a <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, its kinematics, and seismicity is investigated. Quantitative measure is introduced for inconsistency between a fixed configuration of <span class="hlt">faults</span> and the slip rates on each <span class="hlt">fault</span>. This measure, named geometric incompatibility (G), depicts summarily the instability near the <span class="hlt">fault</span> junctions: their divergence or convergence ("unlocking" or "locking up") and accumulation of stress and deformations. Accordingly, the changes in G are connected with dynamics of seismicity. Apart from geometric incompatibility, we consider deviation K from well-known Saint Venant condition of kinematic compatibility. This deviation depicts summarily unaccounted stress and strain accumulation in the region and/or internal inconsistencies in a reconstruction of block- and <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> (its geometry and movements). The estimates of G and K provide a useful tool for bringing together the data on different types of movement in a <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. An analog of Stokes formula is found that allows determination of the total values of G and K in a region from the data on its boundary. The phenomenon of geometric incompatibility implies that nucleation of strong earthquakes is to large extent controlled by processes near <span class="hlt">fault</span> junctions. The junctions that have been locked up may act as transient asperities, and unlocked junctions may act as transient weakest links. Tentative estimates of K and G are made for each end of the Big Bend of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California. Recent strong earthquakes Landers (1992, M = 7.3) and Northridge (1994, M = 6.7) both reduced K but had opposite impact on G: Landers unlocked the area, whereas Northridge locked it up again. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 PMID:11607673</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.T11A2275M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.T11A2275M"><span>Geophysical characterization of transtensional <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> in the Eastern California Shear Zone-Walker Lane Belt</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>McGuire, M.; Keranen, K. M.; Stockli, D. F.; Feldman, J. D.; Keller, G. R.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>.0 km/sec in the basin fill to 4.5-5.5 km/sec in the footwall) across the basin-bounding normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. Very fast (approaching 6.0 km/sec) basement underlies the basin fill. The residual gravity anomaly indicates that Clayton Valley is divided into a shallower northern basin, imaged by the seismic lines, and a deeper, more asymmetric <span class="hlt">southern</span> basin. <span class="hlt">Faults</span> within Clayton Valley are curvilinear in nature, similar to <span class="hlt">faults</span> observed in other step-over <span class="hlt">systems</span> (e.g., the Mina Deflection). Gravity profiles support the seismic reflection interpretation and indicate a high angle <span class="hlt">fault</span> (>60 degrees) bounding the northern sub-basin on its southeast margin, with a shallower <span class="hlt">fault</span> bounding it to the northwest. A basement high trends west-northwest and separates the northern and <span class="hlt">southern</span> basins, and is likely bounded on its <span class="hlt">southern</span> edge by a predominantly strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> crossing the valley. Much of the strain accommodated within the <span class="hlt">southern</span> sub-basin appears to be transferred into <span class="hlt">southern</span> Big Smoky Valley, northwest of Clayton Valley, via these dextral strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> that obliquely cross Clayton Valley.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70027753','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70027753"><span>Recent deformation along the offshore Malibu Coast, Dume, and related <span class="hlt">faults</span> west of Point Dume, <span class="hlt">southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Fisher, M.A.; Langenheim, V.E.; Sorlien, C.C.; Dartnell, P.; Sliter, R.W.; Cochrane, G.R.; Wong, F.L.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Offshore <span class="hlt">faults</span> west of Point Dume, <span class="hlt">southern</span> California, are part of an important regional <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> that extends for about 206 km, from near the city of Los Angeles westward along the south flank of the Santa Monica Mountains and through the northern Channel Islands. This boundary <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> separates the western Transverse Ranges, on the north, from the California Continental Borderland, on the south. Previous research showed that the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> includes many active <span class="hlt">fault</span> strands; consequently, the entire <span class="hlt">system</span> is considered a serious potential earthquake hazard to nearby Los Angeles. We present an integrated analysis of multichannel seismic- and high-resolution seismic-reflection data and multibeam-bathymetric information to focus on the central part of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> that lies west of Point Dume. We show that some of the main offshore <span class="hlt">faults</span> have cumulative displacements of 3-5 km, and many <span class="hlt">faults</span> are currently active because they deform the seafloor or very shallow sediment layers. The main offshore <span class="hlt">fault</span> is the Dume <span class="hlt">fault</span>, a large north-dipping reverse <span class="hlt">fault</span>. In the eastern part of the study area, this <span class="hlt">fault</span> offsets the seafloor, showing Holocene displacement. Onshore, the Malibu Coast <span class="hlt">fault</span> dips steeply north, is active, and shows left-oblique slip. The probable offshore extension of this <span class="hlt">fault</span> is a large <span class="hlt">fault</span> that dips steeply in its upper part but flattens at depth. High-resolution seismic data show that this <span class="hlt">fault</span> deforms shallow sediment making up the Hueneme fan complex, indicating Holocene activity. A structure near Sycamore knoll strikes transversely to the main <span class="hlt">faults</span> and could be important to the analysis of the regional earthquake hazard because the structure might form a boundary between earthquake-rupture segments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70029416','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70029416"><span>Constraints on <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip rates of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> California plate boundary from GPS velocity and stress inversions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Becker, T.W.; Hardebeck, J.L.; Anderson, G.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>We use Global Positioning <span class="hlt">System</span> (GPS) velocities and stress orientations inferred from seismicity to invert for the distribution of slip on <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> California plate-boundary region. Of particular interest is how long-term slip rates are partitioned between the Indio segment of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> (SAF), the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span> (SJF) and the San Bernardino segment of the SAE We use two new sets of constraints to address this problem. The first is geodetic velocities from the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California Earthquake Center's (SCEC) Crustal Motion Map (version 3 by Shen et al.), which includes significantly more data than previous models. The second is a regional model of stress-field orientations at seismogenic depths, as determined from earthquake focal mechanisms. While GPS data have been used in similar studies before, this is the first application of stress-field observations to this problem. We construct a simplified model of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> California <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, and estimate the interseismic surface velocities using a backslip approach with purely elastic strain accumulation, following Meade et al. In addition, we model the stress orientations at seismogenic depths, assuming that crustal stress results from the loading of active <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The geodetically derived stressing rates are found to be aligned with the stress orientations from seismicity. We therefore proceed to invert simultaneously GPS and stress observations for slip rates of the <span class="hlt">faults</span> in our network. We find that the regional patterns of crustal deformation as imaged by both data sets can be explained by our model, and that joint inversions lead to better constrained slip rates. In our preferred model, the SJF accommodates ???15 mm yr-1 and the Indio segment of the SAF ???23 mm yr-1 of right-lateral motion, accompanied by a low slip rate on the San Bernardino segment of the SAF 'Anomalous' <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments such as around the 1992 Mw = 7.3 Landers surface rupture can be detected. There, observed</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70016992','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70016992"><span>Change in failure stress on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> caused by the 1992 magnitude = 7.4 Landers earthquake</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Stein, R.S.; King, G.C.P.; Lin, J.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>The 28 June Landers earthquake brought the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> significantly closer to failure near San Bernardino, a site that has not sustained a large shock since 1812. Stress also increased on the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span> near San Bernardino and on the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> southeast of Palm Springs. Unless creep or moderate earthquakes relieve these stress changes, the next great earthquake on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> is likely to be advanced by one to two decades. In contrast, stress on the San Andreas north of Los Angeles dropped, potentially delaying the next great earthquake there by 2 to 10 years.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.T41A2869K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.T41A2869K"><span>Understanding strain transfer and basin evolution complexities in the Salton pull-apart basin near the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kell, A. M.; Sahakian, V. J.; Kent, G. M.; Driscoll, N. W.; Harding, A. J.; Baskin, R. L.; Barth, M.; Hole, J. A.; Stock, J. M.; Fuis, G. S.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Active source seismic data in the Salton Sea provide insight into the complexity of the pull-apart <span class="hlt">system</span> development. Seismic reflection data combined with tomographic cross sections give constraints on the timing of basin development and strain partitioning between the two dominant dextral <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the region; the Imperial <span class="hlt">fault</span> to the southwest and the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> (SSAF) to the northeast. Deformation associated with this step-over appears young, having formed in the last 20-40 k.a. The complexity seen in the Salton Sea is similar to that seen in pull-apart basins worldwide. In the <span class="hlt">southern</span> basin of the Salton Sea, a zone of transpression is noted near the <span class="hlt">southern</span> termination of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>, though this stress regime quickly transitions to a region of transtension in the northern reaches of the sea. The evolution seen in the basin architecture is likely related to a transition of the SSAF dying to the north, and giving way to youthful segments of the Brawley seismic zone and Imperial <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Stratigraphic signatures seen in seismic cross-sections also reveal a long-term component of slip to the southwest on a <span class="hlt">fault</span> 1-2 km west of the northeastern Salton Sea shoreline. Numerous lines of evidence, including seismic reflection data, high-resolution bathymetry within the Salton Sea, and folding patterns in the Borrego Formation to the east of the sea support an assertion of a previously unmapped <span class="hlt">fault</span>, the Salton Trough <span class="hlt">fault</span> (STF), parallel to the SAF and just offshore within the Salton Sea. Seismic observations are seen consistently within two datasets of varying vertical resolutions, up to depths of 4-5 km, suggesting that this <span class="hlt">fault</span> strand is much longer-lived than the evolution seen in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> sub-basin. The existence of the STF unifies discrepancies between the onshore seismic studies and data collected within the sea. The STF likely serves as the current bounding <span class="hlt">fault</span> to the active pull-apart <span class="hlt">system</span>, as it aligns with the "rung</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70101407','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70101407"><span><span class="hlt">Southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> evaluation field activity: approaches to measuring small geomorphic offsets--challenges and recommendations for active <span class="hlt">fault</span> studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Scharer, Katherine M.; Salisbury, J. Barrett; Arrowsmith, J. Ramon; Rockwell, Thomas K.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>In <span class="hlt">southern</span> California, where fast slip rates and sparse vegetation contribute to crisp expression of <span class="hlt">faults</span> and microtopography, field and high‐resolution topographic data (<1  m/pixel) increasingly are used to investigate the mark left by large earthquakes on the landscape (e.g., Zielke et al., 2010; Zielke et al., 2012; Salisbury, Rockwell, et al., 2012, Madden et al., 2013). These studies measure offset streams or other geomorphic features along a stretch of a <span class="hlt">fault</span>, analyze the offset values for concentrations or trends along strike, and infer that the common magnitudes reflect successive surface‐rupturing earthquakes along that <span class="hlt">fault</span> section. Wallace (1968) introduced the use of such offsets, and the challenges in interpreting their “unique complex history” with offsets on the Carrizo section of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>; these were more fully mapped by Sieh (1978) and followed by similar field studies along other <span class="hlt">faults</span> (e.g., Lindvall et al., 1989; McGill and Sieh, 1991). Results from such compilations spurred the development of classic <span class="hlt">fault</span> behavior models, notably the characteristic earthquake and slip‐patch models, and thus constitute an important component of the long‐standing contrast between magnitude–frequency models (Schwartz and Coppersmith, 1984; Sieh, 1996; Hecker et al., 2013). The proliferation of offset datasets has led earthquake geologists to examine the methods and approaches for measuring these offsets, uncertainties associated with measurement of such features, and quality ranking schemes (Arrowsmith and Rockwell, 2012; Salisbury, Arrowsmith, et al., 2012; Gold et al., 2013; Madden et al., 2013). In light of this, the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Evaluation (SoSAFE) project at the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California Earthquake Center (SCEC) organized a combined field activity and workshop (the “Fieldshop”) to measure offsets, compare techniques, and explore differences in interpretation. A thorough analysis of the measurements from the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFM.T51D1369N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFM.T51D1369N"><span>Recent Motion on the Kern Canyon <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Sierra Nevada, California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nadin, E. S.; Saleeby, J. B.</p> <p>2005-12-01</p> <p>Evidence suggests that the Kern Canyon <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (KCF), the longest <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Sierra Nevada, is an active <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Along the 140-km-long KCF, batholithic and metamorphic rocks were displaced up to 16~km in apparent dextral strike slip during at least three discrete phases of deformation throughout the past ~90~Myr. Early ductile shear is preserved along a 1.5-km-wide zone of S-C mylonites and phyllonites that constitutes the Proto-KCF; a later phase of brittle <span class="hlt">faulting</span> led to through-going cataclasis along the 50-m-wide KCF; and finally, late-stage minor <span class="hlt">faulting</span> resulted in thin, hematitic gouge zones. The KCF has been considered inactive since 3.5~Ma based on a dated basalt flow reported to cap the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. However, we believe this basalt to be disturbed, and several pieces of evidence support the idea that the KCF has been reactivated in a normal sense during the Quaternary. Fresh, high-relief <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarps at Engineer Point in Lake Isabella and near Brush Creek, suggest recent, west-side-up vertical offset. And seismicity in the area hints at local motion. The center of activity during the 1983--1984 Durrwood Meadows earthquake swarm, a series of more than 2,000 earthquakes, the largest of which was M = 4.5, was 10~km east of the KCF. The swarm spanned a discrete, 100~km-long north-south trajectory between latitudes 35° 20'N and 36° 30'N, and its focal mechanisms were consistent with pure normal <span class="hlt">faulting</span>, but the KCF has been disqualified as too far west and too steep to accommodate the seismic activity. But it could be part of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>: Near latitude 36°N, we documented a well-preserved expression of the KCF, which places Cretaceous granitic rocks against a Quaternary glacial debris flow. This <span class="hlt">fault</span> plane strikes N05°E and is consistent with west-side-up normal <span class="hlt">faulting</span>, in agreement with the focal mechanism slip planes of the Durrwood Meadows swarm. It is possible that the recent swarm represents a budding strand of the KCF <span class="hlt">system</span>, much like</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.S21A0229S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.S21A0229S"><span>The Hayward-Rodgers Creek <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>: Learning from the Past to Forecast the Future</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schwartz, D. P.; Lienkaemper, J. J.; Hecker, S.</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p>The San Francisco Bay area is located within the Pacific-North American plate boundary. As a result, the region has the highest density of active <span class="hlt">faults</span> per square kilometer of any urban center in the US. Between the Farallon Islands and Livermore, the <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> are slipping at a rate of about 40 mm/yr. Approximately 25 percent of this rate is accommodated by the Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span> and its continuation to the north, the Rodgers Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span> extends 88 km from Warm Springs on the south into San Pablo Bay on the north, traversing the most heavily urbanized part of the Bay Area. The Rodgers Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span> extends another 63 km, passing through Santa Rosa and ending south of Healdsburg. Geologic, seismologic, and geodetic studies during the past ten years have significantly increased our knowledge of this <span class="hlt">system</span>. In particular, paleoseismic studies of the timing of past earthquakes have provided critical new information for improving our understanding of how these <span class="hlt">faults</span> may work in time and space, and for estimating the probability of future earthquakes. The most spectacular result is an 11-earthquake record on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span> that extends back to A.D. 170. It suggests an average time interval between large earthquakes of 170 years for this period, with a shorter interval of 140 years for the five most recent earthquakes. Paleoseismic investigations have also shown that prior to the most recent large earthquake on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span> in 1868, large earthquakes occurred on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span> between 1658 and1786, on the northern Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span> between 1640 and 1776, and on the Rodgers Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span> between 1690 and 1776. These could have been three separate earthquakes. However, the overlapping radiocarbon dates for these paleoearthquakes allow the possibility that these <span class="hlt">faults</span> may have ruptured together in several different combinations: a combined <span class="hlt">southern</span> and northern Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span> earthquake, a Rodgers</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T22B..08H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T22B..08H"><span>3D Constraints On <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Architecture and Strain Distribution of the Newport-Inglewood Rose Canyon and San Onofre Trend <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Holmes, J. J.; Driscoll, N. W.; Kent, G. M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The Inner California Borderlands (ICB) is situated off the coast of <span class="hlt">southern</span> California and northern Baja. The structural and geomorphic characteristics of the area record a middle Oligocene transition from subduction to microplate capture along the California coast. Marine stratigraphic evidence shows large-scale extension and rotation overprinted by modern strike-slip deformation. Geodetic and geologic observations indicate that approximately 6-8 mm/yr of Pacific-North American relative plate motion is accommodated by offshore strike-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span> in the ICB. The farthest inshore <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, the Newport-Inglewood Rose Canyon (NIRC) <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is a dextral strike-slip <span class="hlt">system</span> that is primarily offshore for approximately 120 km from San Diego to the San Joaquin Hills near Newport Beach, California. Based on trenching and well data, the NIRC <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Holocene slip rate is 1.5-2.0 mm/yr to the south and 0.5-1.0 mm/yr along its northern extent. An earthquake rupturing the entire length of the <span class="hlt">system</span> could produce an Mw 7.0 earthquake or larger. West of the main segments of the NIRC <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is the San Onofre Trend (SOT) along the continental slope. Previous work concluded that this is part of a strike-slip <span class="hlt">system</span> that eventually merges with the NIRC <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. Others have interpreted this <span class="hlt">system</span> as deformation associated with the Oceanside Blind Thrust <span class="hlt">Fault</span> purported to underlie most of the region. In late 2013, we acquired the first high-resolution 3D Parallel Cable (P-Cable) seismic surveys of the NIRC and SOT <span class="hlt">faults</span> as part of the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California Regional <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Mapping project. Analysis of stratigraphy and 3D mapping of this new data has yielded a new kinematic <span class="hlt">fault</span> model of the area that provides new insight on deformation caused by interactions in both compressional and extensional regimes. For the first time, we can reconstruct <span class="hlt">fault</span> interaction and investigate how strain is distributed through time along a typical strike-slip margin using 3D constraints on <span class="hlt">fault</span></p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_3 --> <div id="page_4" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="61"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T41B2587F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T41B2587F"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> patterns in the Strait of Messina, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Italy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fu, L.; Krastel, S.; Chiocci, F. L.; Ridente, D.; Schulten, I.; Cukur, D.; Gross, F.; Bialas, J.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>The Strait of Messina is one of the seismically most active areas in the Mediterranean region. The structural and seismotectonic settings of the area are still poorly understood. A number of <span class="hlt">faults</span> have been identified on new high-resolution 2D seismic data collected in December 2011/January 2012. Most of the <span class="hlt">faults</span> trending NWW-SEE are high angle (>60°) <span class="hlt">faults</span>; they are located in the northern (off Calabria) and <span class="hlt">southern</span> part of the Messina Straits. A number of <span class="hlt">faults</span> identified in the central part of the Straits along the central channel or on the Calabrian side strike NNE-SSW or NNW-NNE. They dip at intermediate (30°-60°) to low (<30°) angles. The NNW-ward motion of Sicily and the NE-ward motion of Calabria indicate that <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the strait are transtensional and that the strait is basically an asymmetric pull-apart basin (half-graben) under transtensional condition. This is confirmed by the appearances of negative flower structures, an en-echelon <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, and two main depocentres in the northern and central part of the straits, respectively. A <span class="hlt">fault</span> located close to the Sicilian coast between Taormina and Briga may represent the so called Taormina <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The existence of this <span class="hlt">fault</span> is heavily debated in literatures. As the Strait of Messina is a transtensional basin, the Taormina <span class="hlt">fault</span> should be a surface <span class="hlt">fault</span>, which may outcrop very close to the Ionian coast off Sicily rather than a blind basement <span class="hlt">fault</span> as identified on our data. <span class="hlt">Faults</span> in the north may be the source of the 1908 Messina earthquake, because the area is in an early mature developing stage of a pull-apart basin. The cross-basin <span class="hlt">faults</span> transecting this part of the basin would increase the slippage and the potential for large-magnitude earthquakes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.T23D2714B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.T23D2714B"><span>Complex Paleotopography and <span class="hlt">Faulting</span> near the Elsinore <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, Coyote Mountains, <span class="hlt">southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brenneman, M. J.; Bykerk-Kauffman, A.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>The Coyote Mountains of <span class="hlt">southern</span> California are bounded on the southwest by the Elsinore <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, an active dextral <span class="hlt">fault</span> within the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> zone. According to Axen and Fletcher (1998) and Dorsey and others (2011), rocks exposed in these mountains comprise a portion of the hanging wall of the east-vergent Salton Detachment <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, which was active from the late Miocene-early Pliocene to Ca. 1.1-1.3 Ma. Detachment <span class="hlt">faulting</span> was accompanied by subsidence, resulting in deposition of a thick sequence of marine and nonmarine sedimentary rocks. Regional detachment <span class="hlt">faulting</span> and subsidence ceased with the inception of the Elsinore <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, which has induced uplift of the Coyote Mountains. Detailed geologic mapping in the central Coyote Mountains supports the above interpretation and adds some intriguing details. New discoveries include a buttress unconformity at the base of the Miocene/Pliocene section that locally cuts across strata at an angle so high that it could be misinterpreted as a <span class="hlt">fault</span>. We thus conclude that the syn-extension strata were deposited on a surface with very rugged topography. We also discovered that locally-derived nonmarine gravel deposits exposed near the crest of the range, previously interpreted as part of the Miocene Split Mountain Group by Winker and Kidwell (1996), unconformably overlie units of the marine Miocene/Pliocene Imperial Group and must therefore be Pliocene or younger. The presence of such young gravel deposits on the crest of the range provides evidence for its rapid uplift. Additional new discoveries flesh out details of the structural history of the range. We mapped just two normal <span class="hlt">faults</span>, both of which were relatively minor, thus supporting Axen and Fletcher's assertion that the hanging wall block of the Salton Detachment <span class="hlt">Fault</span> had not undergone significant internal deformation during extension. We found abundant complex synthetic and antithetic strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> throughout the area, some of which offset Quaternary alluvial</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T41A2894L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T41A2894L"><span>Geophysical Characterization of the Hilton Creek <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lacy, A. K.; Macy, K. P.; De Cristofaro, J. L.; Polet, J.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The Long Valley Caldera straddles the eastern edge of the Sierra Nevada Batholith and the western edge of the Basin and Range Province, and represents one of the largest caldera complexes on Earth. The caldera is intersected by numerous <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span>, including the Hartley Springs <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>, the Round Valley <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>, the Long Valley Ring <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>, and the Hilton Creek <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>, which is our main region of interest. The Hilton Creek <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> appears as a single NW-striking <span class="hlt">fault</span>, dipping to the NE, from Davis Lake in the south to the <span class="hlt">southern</span> rim of the Long Valley Caldera. Inside the caldera, it splays into numerous parallel <span class="hlt">faults</span> that extend toward the resurgent dome. Seismicity in the area increased significantly in May 1980, following a series of large earthquakes in the vicinity of the caldera and a subsequent large earthquake swarm which has been suggested to be the result of magma migration. A large portion of the earthquake swarms in the Long Valley Caldera occurs on or around the Hilton Creek <span class="hlt">Fault</span> splays. We are conducting an interdisciplinary geophysical study of the Hilton Creek <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> from just south of the onset of splay <span class="hlt">faulting</span>, to its extension into the dome of the caldera. Our investigation includes ground-based magnetic field measurements, high-resolution total station elevation profiles, Structure-From-Motion derived topography and an analysis of earthquake focal mechanisms and statistics. Preliminary analysis of topographic profiles, of approximately 1 km in length, reveals the presence of at least three distinct <span class="hlt">fault</span> splays within the caldera with vertical offsets of 0.5 to 1.0 meters. More detailed topographic mapping is expected to highlight smaller structures. We are also generating maps of the variation in b-value along different portions of the Hilton Creek <span class="hlt">system</span> to determine whether we can detect any transition to more swarm-like behavior towards the North. We will show maps of magnetic anomalies, topography</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70026358','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70026358"><span>New insights on stress rotations from a forward regional model of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> near its Big Bend in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Fitzenz, D.D.; Miller, S.A.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Understanding the stress field surrounding and driving active <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> is an important component of mechanistic seismic hazard assessment. We develop and present results from a time-forward three-dimensional (3-D) model of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> near its Big Bend in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California. The model boundary conditions are assessed by comparing model and observed tectonic regimes. The model of earthquake generation along two <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments is used to target measurable properties (e.g., stress orientations, heat flow) that may allow inferences on the stress state on the <span class="hlt">faults</span>. It is a quasi-static model, where GPS-constrained tectonic loading drives <span class="hlt">faults</span> modeled as mostly sealed viscoelastic bodies embedded in an elastic half-space subjected to compaction and shear creep. A transpressive tectonic regime develops southwest of the model bend as a result of the tectonic loading and migrates toward the bend because of <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip. The strength of the model <span class="hlt">faults</span> is assessed on the basis of stress orientations, stress drop, and overpressures, showing a departure in the behavior of 3-D finite <span class="hlt">faults</span> compared to models of 1-D or homogeneous infinite <span class="hlt">faults</span>. At a smaller scale, stress transfers from <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip transiently induce significant perturbations in the local stress tensors (where the slip profile is very heterogeneous). These stress rotations disappear when subsequent model earthquakes smooth the slip profile. Maps of maximum absolute shear stress emphasize both that (1) future models should include a more continuous representation of the <span class="hlt">faults</span> and (2) that hydrostatically pressured intact rock is very difficult to break when no material weakness is considered. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.T31A1786K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.T31A1786K"><span><span class="hlt">Faulting</span>, Seismicity and Stress Interaction in the Salton Sea Region of <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kilb, D. L.; Brothers, D. S.; Lin, G.; Kent, G.; Newman, R. L.; Driscoll, N.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>The Salton Sea region in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California provides an ideal location to study the relationship between transcurrent and extensional motion in the northern Gulf of California margin, allowing us to investigate the spatial and temporal interaction of <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the area and better understand their kinematics. In this region, the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (SAF) and Imperial <span class="hlt">Fault</span> present two major transform <span class="hlt">faults</span> separated by the Salton Sea transtensional domain. Earthquakes over magnitude 4 in this area almost always have associated aftershock sequences. Recent seismic reflection surveys in the Salton Sea reveal that the majority of <span class="hlt">faults</span> under the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Salton Sea trend ~N15°E, appear normal-dominant and have very minimal associated microseismicity. These normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> rupture every 100-300 years in large earthquakes and most of the nearby microseismicity locates east of the mapped surface traces. For example, there is profuse microseismicity in the Brawley Seismic Zone (BSZ), which is coincident with the <span class="hlt">southern</span> terminus of the SAF as it extends offshore into the Salton Sea. Earthquakes in the BSZ are dominantly swarm-like, occurring along short (<5 km) ~N45°E oriented sinistral and N35°W oriented dextral <span class="hlt">fault</span> planes. This mapped seismicity makes a rung-and-ladder pattern. In an effort to reconcile differences between processes at the surface and those at seismogenic depths we integrate near surface <span class="hlt">fault</span> kinematics, geometry and paleoseismic history with seismic data. We identify linear and planer trends in these data (20 near surface <span class="hlt">faults</span>, >20,000 relocated earthquakes and >2,000 earthquake focal mechanisms) and when appropriate estimate the <span class="hlt">fault</span> strike and dip using principal component analysis. With our more detailed image of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> structure we assess how static stress changes imparted by magnitude ~6.0 ruptures along N15E oriented normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> beneath the Salton Sea can modulate the stress field in the BSZ and along the SAF. These tests include</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T41C0638P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T41C0638P"><span>Imaging the crustal structure of Haiti's transpressional <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> using seismicity and tomography</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Possee, D.; Keir, D.; Harmon, N.; Rychert, C.; Rolandone, F.; Leroy, S. D.; Stuart, G. W.; Calais, E.; Boisson, D.; Ulysse, S. M. J.; Guerrier, K.; Momplaisir, R.; Prepetit, C.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Oblique convergence of the Caribbean and North American plates has partitioned strain across an extensive transpressional <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> that bisects Haiti. Most recently the 2010, MW7.0 earthquake ruptured multiple thrust <span class="hlt">faults</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Haiti. However, while the rupture mechanism has been well studied, how these <span class="hlt">faults</span> are segmented and link to deformation across the plate boundary is still debated. Understanding the link between strain accumulation and <span class="hlt">faulting</span> in Haiti is also key to future modelling of seismic hazards. To assess seismic activity and <span class="hlt">fault</span> structures we used data from 31 broadband seismic stations deployed on Haiti for 16-months. Local earthquakes were recorded and hypocentre locations determined using a 1D velocity model. A high-quality subset of the data was then inverted using travel-time tomography for relocated hypocentres and 2D images of Vp and Vp/Vs crustal structure. Earthquake locations reveal two clusters of seismic activity, the first delineates <span class="hlt">faults</span> associated with the 2010 earthquake and the second shows activity 100km further east along a thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span> north of Lake Enriquillo (Dominican Republic). The velocity models show large variations in seismic properties across the plate boundary; shallow low-velocity zones with a 5-8% decrease in Vp and high Vp/Vs ratios of 1.85-1.95 correspond to sedimentary basins that form the low-lying terrain on Haiti. We also image a region with a 4-5% decrease in Vp and an increased Vp/Vs ratio of 1.80-1.85 dipping south to a depth of 20km beneath <span class="hlt">southern</span> Haiti. This feature matches the location of a major thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span> and suggests a substantial damage zone around this <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Beneath northern Haiti a transition to lower Vp/Vs values of 1.70-1.75 reflects a compositional change from mafic facies such as the Caribbean large igneous province in the south, to arc magmatic facies associated with the Greater Antilles arc in the north. Our seismic images are consistent with the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> across</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70176038','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70176038"><span>The Eastern California Shear Zone as the northward extension of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Thatcher, Wayne R.; Savage, James C.; Simpson, Robert W.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Cluster analysis offers an agnostic way to organize and explore features of the current GPS velocity field without reference to geologic information or physical models using information only contained in the velocity field itself. We have used cluster analysis of the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California Global Positioning <span class="hlt">System</span> (GPS) velocity field to determine the partitioning of Pacific-North America relative motion onto major regional <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Our results indicate the large-scale kinematics of the region is best described with two boundaries of high velocity gradient, one centered on the Coachella section of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> and the Eastern California Shear Zone and the other defined by the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">Fault</span> south of Cajon Pass and the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> farther north. The ~120 km long strand of the San Andreas between Cajon Pass and Coachella Valley (often termed the San Bernardino and San Gorgonio sections) is thus currently of secondary importance and carries lesser amounts of slip over most or all of its length. We show these first order results are present in maps of the smoothed GPS velocity field itself. They are also generally consistent with currently available, loosely bounded geologic and geodetic <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip rate estimates that alone do not provide useful constraints on the large-scale partitioning we show here. Our analysis does not preclude the existence of smaller blocks and more block boundaries in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California. However, attempts to identify smaller blocks along and adjacent to the San Gorgonio section were not successful.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRB..121.2904T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRB..121.2904T"><span>The Eastern California Shear Zone as the northward extension of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Thatcher, W.; Savage, J. C.; Simpson, R. W.</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Cluster analysis offers an agnostic way to organize and explore features of the current GPS velocity field without reference to geologic information or physical models using information only contained in the velocity field itself. We have used cluster analysis of the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California Global Positioning <span class="hlt">System</span> (GPS) velocity field to determine the partitioning of Pacific-North America relative motion onto major regional <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Our results indicate the large-scale kinematics of the region is best described with two boundaries of high velocity gradient, one centered on the Coachella section of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> and the Eastern California Shear Zone and the other defined by the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">Fault</span> south of Cajon Pass and the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> farther north. The ~120 km long strand of the San Andreas between Cajon Pass and Coachella Valley (often termed the San Bernardino and San Gorgonio sections) is thus currently of secondary importance and carries lesser amounts of slip over most or all of its length. We show these first order results are present in maps of the smoothed GPS velocity field itself. They are also generally consistent with currently available, loosely bounded geologic and geodetic <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip rate estimates that alone do not provide useful constraints on the large-scale partitioning we show here. Our analysis does not preclude the existence of smaller blocks and more block boundaries in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California. However, attempts to identify smaller blocks along and adjacent to the San Gorgonio section were not successful.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1199/report.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1199/report.pdf"><span>Investigation of the Hosgri <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, offshore <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California, Point Sal to Point Conception</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Payne, C.M.; Swanson, O.E.; Schell, B.A.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>A high-resolution seismic reflection survey of the inner continental shelf between Point Sal and Point Conception has revealed <span class="hlt">faults</span> that displace post-Wisconsin strata (less than 17,000-20,000 years). These <span class="hlt">faults</span> are the Hosgri <span class="hlt">fault</span>, the Offshore Lompoc <span class="hlt">fault</span>, and smaller unnamed <span class="hlt">faults</span>. <span class="hlt">Faults</span> trending offshore from the adjacent shoreline such as the Pezzoni, Lions Head, Honda, and Pacifico <span class="hlt">faults</span>, do not show post-Wisconsin activity. The Hosgri <span class="hlt">fault</span> trends directly toward the coastline between Purisima Point and Point Arguello where it appears to merge with folds and smaller <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the western Transverse Ranges. This trend of offshore structures toward the Point Arguello-Point Conception area is consistent with a hypothesis that the regional structural fabric of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> California Coast Ranges and its adjacent offshore area merge with the Transverse Ranges.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70041938','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70041938"><span>Quasi-periodic recurrence of large earthquakes on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Scharer, Katherine M.; Biasi, Glenn P.; Weldon, Ray J.; Fumal, Tom E.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>It has been 153 yr since the last large earthquake on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> (California, United States), but the average interseismic interval is only ~100 yr. If the recurrence of large earthquakes is periodic, rather than random or clustered, the length of this period is notable and would generally increase the risk estimated in probabilistic seismic hazard analyses. Unfortunately, robust characterization of a distribution describing earthquake recurrence on a single <span class="hlt">fault</span> is limited by the brevity of most earthquake records. Here we use statistical tests on a 3000 yr combined record of 29 ground-rupturing earthquakes from Wrightwood, California. We show that earthquake recurrence there is more regular than expected from a Poisson distribution and is not clustered, leading us to conclude that recurrence is quasi-periodic. The observation of unimodal time dependence is persistent across an observationally based sensitivity analysis that critically examines alternative interpretations of the geologic record. The results support formal forecast efforts that use renewal models to estimate probabilities of future earthquakes on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Only four intervals (15%) from the record are longer than the present open interval, highlighting the current hazard posed by this <span class="hlt">fault</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.T13E2666D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.T13E2666D"><span>Structure of a seismogenic <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone in dolostones: the Foiana Line (Italian <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alps)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Di Toro, G.; Fondriest, M.; Smith, S. A.; Aretusini, S.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fault</span> zones in carbonate rocks (limestones and dolostones) represent significant upper crustal seismogenic sources in several areas worldwide (e.g. L'Aquila 2009 Mw = 6.3 in central Italy). Here we describe an exhumed example of a regionally-significant <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone cutting dolostones. The Foiana Line (FL) is a major NNE-SSW-trending sinistral transpressive <span class="hlt">fault</span> cutting sedimentary Triassic dolostones in the Italian <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alps. The FL has a cumulative vertical throw of 1.5-2 km that reduces toward its <span class="hlt">southern</span> termination. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone is 50-300 m wide and is exposed for ~ 10 km along strike within several outcrops exhumed from increasing depths from the south (1 km) to the north (2.5 km). The <span class="hlt">southern</span> portion of the FL consists of heavily fractured (shattered) dolostones, with particles of a few millimeters in size (exposed in badlands topography over an area of 6 km2), cut by a dense network of 1-20 m long mirror-like <span class="hlt">fault</span> surfaces with dispersed attitudes. The mirror-like <span class="hlt">faults</span> have mainly dip-slip reverse kinematics and displacements ranging between 0.04 m and 0.5 m. The northern portion of the FL consists of sub-parallel <span class="hlt">fault</span> strands spaced 2-5 m apart, surrounded by 2-3 m thick bands of shattered dolostones. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> strands are characterized by smooth to mirror-like sub-vertical slip surfaces with dominant strike-slip kinematics. Overall, deformation is more localized moving from South to North along the FL. Mirror-like <span class="hlt">fault</span> surfaces similar to those found in the FL were produced in friction experiments at the deformation conditions expected during seismic slip along the FL (Fondriest et al., this meeting). Scanning Electron Microscope investigations of the natural shattered dolostones beneath the mirror-like <span class="hlt">fault</span> surfaces show: 1) lack of significant shear strain (even at a few micrometers from the slip surface), 2) pervasive extensional fracturing down to the micrometer scale, 3) exploded clasts with radial fractures, and 4) chains of split</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70190709','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70190709"><span>Neotectonics of interior Alaska and the late Quaternary slip rate along the Denali <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Haeussler, Peter J.; Matmon, Ari; Schwartz, David P.; Seitz, Gordon G.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The neotectonics of <span class="hlt">southern</span> Alaska (USA) are characterized by a several hundred kilometers–wide zone of dextral transpressional that spans the Alaska Range. The Denali <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> is the largest active strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> in interior Alaska, and it produced a Mw 7.9 earthquake in 2002. To evaluate the late Quaternary slip rate on the Denali <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, we collected samples for cosmogenic surface exposure dating from surfaces offset by the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. This study includes data from 107 samples at 19 sites, including 7 sites we previously reported, as well as an estimated slip rate at another site. We utilize the interpreted surface ages to provide estimated slip rates. These new slip rate data confirm that the highest late Quaternary slip rate is ∼13 mm/yr on the central Denali <span class="hlt">fault</span> near its intersection with the eastern Denali and the Totschunda <span class="hlt">faults</span>, with decreasing slip rate both to the east and west. The slip rate decreases westward along the central and western parts of the Denali <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> to 5 mm/yr over a length of ∼575 km. An additional site on the eastern Denali <span class="hlt">fault</span> near Kluane Lake, Yukon, implies a slip rate of ∼2 mm/yr, based on geological considerations. The Totschunda <span class="hlt">fault</span> has a maximum slip rate of ∼9 mm/yr. The Denali <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> is transpressional and there are active thrust <span class="hlt">faults</span> on both the north and south sides of it. We explore four geometric models for <span class="hlt">southern</span> Alaska tectonics to explain the slip rates along the Denali <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> and the active <span class="hlt">fault</span> geometries: rotation, indentation, extrusion, and a combination of the three. We conclude that all three end-member models have strengths and shortcomings, and a combination of rotation, indentation, and extrusion best explains the slip rate observations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70026362','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70026362"><span>The Cottage Grove <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> (Illinois Basin): Late Paleozoic transpression along a Precambrian crustal boundary</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Duchek, A.B.; McBride, J.H.; Nelson, W.J.; Leetaru, H.E.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>The Cottage Grove <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Illinois has long been interpreted as an intracratonic dextral strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. We investigated its structural geometry and kinematics in detail using (1) outcrop data, (2) extensive exposures in underground coal mines, (3) abundant borehole data, and (4) a network of industry seismic reflection profiles, including data reprocessed by us. Structural contour mapping delineates distinct monoclines, broad anticlines, and synclines that express Paleozoic-age deformation associated with strike slip along the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. As shown on seismic reflection profiles, prominent near-vertical <span class="hlt">faults</span> that cut the entire Paleozoic section and basement-cover contact branch upward into outward-splaying, high-angle reverse <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The master <span class="hlt">fault</span>, sinuous along strike, is characterized along its length by an elongate anticline, ???3 km wide, that parallels the <span class="hlt">southern</span> side of the master <span class="hlt">fault</span>. These features signify that the overall kinematic regime was transpressional. Due to the absence of suitable piercing points, the amount of slip cannot be measured, but is constrained at less than 300 m near the ground surface. The Cottage Grove <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> apparently follows a Precambrian terrane boundary, as suggested by magnetic intensity data, the distribution of ultramafic igneous intrusions, and patterns of earthquake activity. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> was primarily active during the Alleghanian orogeny of Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian time, when ultramatic igneous magma intruded along en echelon tensional fractures. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T21C0572L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T21C0572L"><span>Characteristics of newly found Quaternary <span class="hlt">fault</span>, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Korea, and its tectonic implication</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lee, Y.; Kim, M. C.; Cheon, Y.; Ha, S.; Kang, H. C.; Choi, J. H.; Son, M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>This study introduces the detailed geometry and kinematics of recently found Quaternary <span class="hlt">fault</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Korea, named Seooe <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, and discusses its tectonic implication through a synthetic analysis with previous studies. The N-S striking Seooe <span class="hlt">Fault</span> shows a top-to-the-east thrust geometry and cuts the Cretaceous Goseong Formation and overlying Quaternary deposits, and its slip senses and associated minor folds in the hanging wall indicate an E-W compressional stress. The age of the lower part of the Quaternary deposits obtained by OSL dating indicates that the last movement of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> occurred after 61 60 ka. Arcuate geometry of the main <span class="hlt">fault</span> showing an upward decreasing dip-angle, reverse offset of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> breccias, and reverse-sense indicators observed on neighboring N-S striking high-angle fractures indicate that this Quaternary <span class="hlt">fault</span> was produced by the reactivation of pre-existing <span class="hlt">fault</span> under E-W compressional stress field. Using the apparent vertical displacement of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> and the attitudes of cutting slope and main <span class="hlt">fault</span> surface, its minimum net displacement is calculated as 2.17 m. When the value is applied to the empirical equation of maximum displacement - moment earthquake magnitude (Mw), the magnitude is estimated to reach about 6.7, assuming that this displacement was due to one seismic event. Most of the Quaternary <span class="hlt">faults</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Korea are observed along major inherited <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones, and their geometry and kinematics indicate that they were reactivated under ENE-WSW or E-W compressional stress field, which is concordant with the characteristics of the Seooe <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. In addition, focal mechanism solutions and geotechnical in-situ stress data in and around the Korean peninsula also support the current ENE-WSW or E-W regional compression. On the basis of the regional stress trajectories in and around East Asia, the current stress field in Korean peninsula is interpreted to have resulted from the cooperation of westward shallow subduction of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19840045113&hterms=moving+stress&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dmoving%2Bstress','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19840045113&hterms=moving+stress&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dmoving%2Bstress"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> friction, regional stress, and crust-mantle coupling in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California from finite element models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bird, P.; Baumgardner, J.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>To determine the correct <span class="hlt">fault</span> rheology of the Transverse Ranges area of California, a new finite element to represent <span class="hlt">faults</span> and a mangle drag element are introduced into a set of 63 simulation models of anelastic crustal strain. It is shown that a slip rate weakening rheology for <span class="hlt">faults</span> is not valid in California. Assuming that mantle drag effects on the crust's base are minimal, the optimal coefficient of friction in the seismogenic portion of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones is 0.4-0.6 (less than Byerly's law assumed to apply elsewhere). Depending on how the <span class="hlt">southern</span> California upper mantle seismic velocity anomaly is interpreted, model results are improved or degraded. It is found that the location of the mantle plate boundary is the most important secondary parameter, and that the best model is either a low-stress model (<span class="hlt">fault</span> friction = 0.3) or a high-stress model (<span class="hlt">fault</span> friction = 0.85), each of which has strong mantel drag. It is concluded that at least the fastest moving <span class="hlt">faults</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California have a low friction coefficient (approximtely 0.3) because they contain low strength hydrated clay gouges throughout the low-temperature seismogenic zone.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70034898','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70034898"><span>Basin geometry and cumulative offsets in the Eastern Transverse Ranges, <span class="hlt">southern</span> California: Implications for transrotational deformation along the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Langenheim, V.E.; Powell, R.E.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The Eastern Transverse Ranges, adjacent to and southeast of the big left bend of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>, <span class="hlt">southern</span> California, form a crustal block that has rotated clockwise in response to dextral shear within the San Andreas <span class="hlt">system</span>. Previous studies have indicated a discrepancy between the measured magnitudes of left slip on through-going east-striking <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones of the Eastern Transverse Ranges and those predicted by simple geometric models using paleomagnetically determined clockwise rotations of basalts distributed along the <span class="hlt">faults</span>. To assess the magnitude and source of this discrepancy, we apply new gravity and magnetic data in combination with geologic data to better constrain cumulative <span class="hlt">fault</span> offsets and to define basin structure for the block between the Pinto Mountain and Chiriaco <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones. Estimates of offset from using the length of pull-apart basins developed within left-stepping strands of the sinistral <span class="hlt">faults</span> are consistent with those derived by matching offset magnetic anomalies and bedrock patterns, indicating a cumulative offset of at most ???40 km. The upper limit of displacements constrained by the geophysical and geologic data overlaps with the lower limit of those predicted at the 95% confidence level by models of conservative slip located on margins of rigid rotating blocks and the clockwise rotation of the paleomagnetic vectors. Any discrepancy is likely resolved by internal deformation within the blocks, such as intense deformation adjacent to the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> (that can account for the absence of basins there as predicted by rigid-block models) and linkage via subsidiary <span class="hlt">faults</span> between the main <span class="hlt">faults</span>. ?? 2009 Geological Society of America.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoJI.213.1673L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoJI.213.1673L"><span>A multidisciplinary approach to characterize the geometry of active <span class="hlt">faults</span>: the example of Mt. Massico, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Italy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Luiso, P.; Paoletti, V.; Nappi, R.; La Manna, M.; Cella, F.; Gaudiosi, G.; Fedi, M.; Iorio, M.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>We present the results of a multidisciplinary and multiscale study at Mt. Massico, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Italy. Mt. Massico is a carbonate horst located along the Campanian-Latial margin of the Tyrrhenian basin, bordered by two main NE-SW <span class="hlt">systems</span> of <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and by NW-SE and N-S trending <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Our analysis deals with the modelling of the main NE-SW <span class="hlt">faults</span>. These <span class="hlt">faults</span> were capable during Plio-Pleistocene and are still active today, even though with scarce and low-energy seismicity (Mw maximum = 4.8). We inferred the pattern of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> planes through a combined interpretation of 2-D hypocentral sections, a multiscale analysis of gravity field and geochemical data. This allowed us to characterize the geometry of these <span class="hlt">faults</span> and infer their large depth extent. This region shows very striking gravimetric signatures, well-known Quaternary <span class="hlt">faults</span>, moderate seismicity and a localized geothermal fluid rise. Thus, this analysis represents a valid case study for testing the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach, and employing it in areas with buried and/or silent <span class="hlt">faults</span> of potential high hazard, such as in the Apennine chain.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Tectp.690..206S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Tectp.690..206S"><span>Contrasting <span class="hlt">fault</span> fluids along high-angle <span class="hlt">faults</span>: a case study from <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Apennines (Italy)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sinisi, Rosa; Petrullo, Angela Vita; Agosta, Fabrizio; Paternoster, Michele; Belviso, Claudia; Grassa, Fausto</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>This work focuses on two <span class="hlt">fault</span>-controlled deposits, the Atella and Rapolla travertines, which are associated with high-angle extensional <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the Bradano Trough, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Apennines (Italy). The Atella travertine is along a NW-SE striking, deep-seated extensional <span class="hlt">fault</span>, already described in literature, which crosscuts both Apulian carbonates and the overlying foredeep basin infill. The Rapolla travertine is on top of a NE-SW striking, shallow-seated <span class="hlt">fault</span>, here described for the first time, which is interpreted as a tear <span class="hlt">fault</span> associated with a shallow thrust displacing only the foredeep basin infill. The results of structural, sedimentological, mineralogical, and C and O isotope analyses are here reported and discussed to assess the provenance of mineralizing fluids, and to evaluate the control exerted by the aforementioned extensional <span class="hlt">faults</span> on deep, mantle-derived and shallow, meteoric fluids. Sedimentological analysis is consistent with five lithofacies in the studied travertines, which likely formed in a typical lacustrine depositional environment. Mineralogical analysis show that travertines mainly consist of calcite, and minor quartz, feldspar and clay minerals, indicative of a terrigenous supply during travertine precipitation. The isotope signature of the two studied travertines shows different provenance for the mineralizing fluids. At the Atella site, the δ13CPDB values range between + 5.2 and + 5.7‰ and the δ18OPDB values between - 9.0 and - 7.3‰, which are consistent with a mantle-derived CO2 component in the fluid. In contrast, at the Rapolla site the δ13CPDB values vary from - 2.7 to + 1.5‰ and the δ18OPDB values from - 6.8 to - 5.4‰, suggesting a mixed CO2 source with both biogenic-derived and mantle-derived fluids. The results of structural analyses conducted along the footwall damage zone of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> exposed at the Rapolla site, show that the whole damage zone, in which fractures and joints likely channeled the mixed fluids, acted</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70192091','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70192091"><span>The Evergreen basin and the role of the Silver Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, San Francisco Bay region, California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Jachens, Robert C.; Wentworth, Carl M.; Graymer, Russell W.; Williams, Robert; Ponce, David A.; Mankinen, Edward A.; Stephenson, William J.; Langenheim, Victoria</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The Evergreen basin is a 40-km-long, 8-km-wide Cenozoic sedimentary basin that lies mostly concealed beneath the northeastern margin of the Santa Clara Valley near the south end of San Francisco Bay (California, USA). The basin is bounded on the northeast by the strike-slip Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span> and an approximately parallel subsurface <span class="hlt">fault</span> that is structurally overlain by a set of west-verging reverse-oblique <span class="hlt">faults</span> which form the present-day southeastward extension of the Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span>. It is bounded on the southwest by the Silver Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span>, a largely dormant or abandoned <span class="hlt">fault</span> that splays from the active <span class="hlt">southern</span> Calaveras <span class="hlt">fault</span>. We propose that the Evergreen basin formed as a strike-slip pull-apart basin in the right step from the Silver Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span> to the Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span> during a time when the Silver Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span> served as a segment of the main route by which slip was transferred from the central California San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> to the Hayward and other East Bay <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The dimensions and shape of the Evergreen basin, together with palinspastic reconstructions of geologic and geophysical features surrounding it, suggest that during its lifetime, the Silver Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span> transferred a significant portion of the ∼100 km of total offset accommodated by the Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span>, and of the 175 km of total San Andreas <span class="hlt">system</span> offset thought to have been accommodated by the entire East Bay <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. As shown previously, at ca. 1.5–2.5 Ma the Hayward-Calaveras connection changed from a right-step, releasing regime to a left-step, restraining regime, with the consequent effective abandonment of the Silver Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span>. This reorganization was, perhaps, preceded by development of the previously proposed basin-bisecting Mount Misery <span class="hlt">fault</span>, a <span class="hlt">fault</span> that directly linked the <span class="hlt">southern</span> end of the Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span> with the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Calaveras <span class="hlt">fault</span> during extinction of pull-apart activity. Historic seismicity indicates that slip below a depth of 5 km is mostly transferred from the Calaveras</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70029986','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70029986"><span>Late Quaternary alluviation and offset along the eastern Big Pine <span class="hlt">fault</span>, <span class="hlt">southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>DeLong, S.B.; Minor, S.A.; Arnold, L.J.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Determining late Quaternary offset rates on specific <span class="hlt">faults</span> within active mountain belts is not only a key component of seismic hazard analysis, but sheds light on regional tectonic development over geologic timescales. Here we report an estimate of dip-slip rate on the eastern Big Pine oblique-reverse <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the upper Cuyama Valley within the western Transverse Ranges of <span class="hlt">southern</span> California, and its relation to local landscape development. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sandy beds within coarse-grained alluvial deposits indicates that deposition of alluvium shed from the Pine Mountain massif occurred near the <span class="hlt">southern</span> margin of the Cuyama structural basin at the elevation of the Cuyama River between 25 and 14??ka. This alluvial deposit has been offset ??? 10??m vertically by the eastern Big Pine <span class="hlt">fault</span>, providing a latest Quaternary dip-slip rate estimate of ??? 0.9??m/ky based on a 50?? <span class="hlt">fault</span> dip. Incision of the adjacent Cuyama River has exposed a section of older Cuyama River sediments beneath the Pine Mountain alluvium that accumulated between 45 and 30??ka on the down-thrown footwall block of the eastern Big Pine <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Corroborative evidence for Holocene reverse-slip on the eastern Big Pine <span class="hlt">fault</span> is ??? 1??m of incised bedrock that is characteristically exposed beneath 2-3.5??ka fill terraces in tributaries south of the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The eastern Big Pine <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the Cuyama Valley area has no confirmed record of historic rupture; however, based on our results, we suggest the likelihood of multiple reverse-slip rupture events since 14??ka. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_4 --> <div id="page_5" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="81"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70037090','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70037090"><span>High-resolution seismic reflection imaging of growth folding and shallow <span class="hlt">faults</span> beneath the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Puget Lowland, Washington State</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Clement, C.R.; Pratt, T.L.; Holmes, M.L.; Sherrod, B.L.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Marine seismic reflection data from <span class="hlt">southern</span> Puget Sound, Washington, were collected to investigate the nature of shallow structures associated with the Tacoma <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone and the Olympia structure. Growth folding and probable Holocene surface deformation were imaged within the Tacoma <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone beneath Case and Carr Inlets. Shallow <span class="hlt">faults</span> near potential field anomalies associated with the Olympia structure were imaged beneath Budd and Eld Inlets. Beneath Case Inlet, the Tacoma <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone includes an ???350-m wide section of south-dipping strata forming the upper part of a fold (kink band) coincident with the <span class="hlt">southern</span> edge of an uplifted shoreline terrace. An ???2 m change in the depth of the water bottom, onlapping postglacial sediments, and increasing stratal dips with increasing depth are consistent with late Pleistocene to Holocene postglacial growth folding above a blind <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Geologic data across a topographic lineament on nearby land indicate recent uplift of late Holocene age. Profiles acquired in Carr Inlet 10 km to the east of Case Inlet showed late Pleistocene or Holocene <span class="hlt">faulting</span> at one location with ???3 to 4 m of vertical displacement, south side up. North of this <span class="hlt">fault</span> the data show several other disruptions and reflector terminations that could mark <span class="hlt">faults</span> within the broad Tacoma <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. Seismic reflection profiles across part of the Olympia structure beneath <span class="hlt">southern</span> Puget Sound show two apparent <span class="hlt">faults</span> about 160 m apart having 1 to 2 m of displacement of subhorizontal bedding. Directly beneath one of these <span class="hlt">faults</span>, a dipping reflector that may mark the base of a glacial channel shows the opposite sense of throw, suggesting strike-slip motion. Deeper seismic reflection profiles show disrupted strata beneath these <span class="hlt">faults</span> but little apparent vertical offset, consistent with strike-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span>. These <span class="hlt">faults</span> and folds indicate that the Tacoma <span class="hlt">fault</span> and Olympia structure include active structures with probable postglacial motion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70173983','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70173983"><span>High-resolution seismic reflection imaging of growth folding and shallow <span class="hlt">faults</span> beneath the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Puget Lowland, Washington State</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Odum, Jackson K.; Stephenson, William J.; Pratt, Thomas L.; Blakely, Richard J.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Marine seismic reflection data from <span class="hlt">southern</span> Puget Sound, Washington, were collected to investigate the nature of shallow structures associated with the Tacoma <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone and the Olympia structure. Growth folding and probable Holocene surface deformation were imaged within the Tacoma <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone beneath Case and Carr Inlets. Shallow <span class="hlt">faults</span> near potential field anomalies associated with the Olympia structure were imaged beneath Budd and Eld Inlets. Beneath Case Inlet, the Tacoma <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone includes an ∼350-m wide section of south-dipping strata forming the upper part of a fold (kink band) coincident with the <span class="hlt">southern</span> edge of an uplifted shoreline terrace. An ∼2 m change in the depth of the water bottom, onlapping postglacial sediments, and increasing stratal dips with increasing depth are consistent with late Pleistocene to Holocene postglacial growth folding above a blind <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Geologic data across a topographic lineament on nearby land indicate recent uplift of late Holocene age. Profiles acquired in Carr Inlet 10 km to the east of Case Inlet showed late Pleistocene or Holocene <span class="hlt">faulting</span> at one location with ∼3 to 4 m of vertical displacement, south side up. North of this <span class="hlt">fault</span> the data show several other disruptions and reflector terminations that could mark <span class="hlt">faults</span> within the broad Tacoma <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. Seismic reflection profiles across part of the Olympia structure beneath <span class="hlt">southern</span> Puget Sound show two apparent <span class="hlt">faults</span> about 160 m apart having 1 to 2 m of displacement of subhorizontal bedding. Directly beneath one of these <span class="hlt">faults</span>, a dipping reflector that may mark the base of a glacial channel shows the opposite sense of throw, suggesting strike-slip motion. Deeper seismic reflection profiles show disrupted strata beneath these <span class="hlt">faults</span> but little apparent vertical offset, consistent with strike-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span>. These <span class="hlt">faults</span> and folds indicate that the Tacoma <span class="hlt">fault</span> and Olympia structure include active structures with probable postglacial motion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMOS12B..02H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMOS12B..02H"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> Deformation and Segmentation of the Newport-Inglewood Rose Canyon, and San Onofre Trend <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">Systems</span> from New High-Resolution 3D Seismic Imagery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Holmes, J. J.; Driscoll, N. W.; Kent, G. M.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The Inner California Borderlands (ICB) is situated off the coast of <span class="hlt">southern</span> California and northern Baja. The structural and geomorphic characteristics of the area record a middle Oligocene transition from subduction to microplate capture along the California coast. Marine stratigraphic evidence shows large-scale extension and rotation overprinted by modern strike-slip deformation. Geodetic and geologic observations indicate that approximately 6-8 mm/yr of Pacific-North American relative plate motion is accommodated by offshore strike-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span> in the ICB. The farthest inshore <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, the Newport-Inglewood Rose Canyon (NIRC) <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is a dextral strike-slip <span class="hlt">system</span> that is primarily offshore for approximately 120 km from San Diego to the San Joaquin Hills near Newport Beach, California. Based on trenching and well data, the NIRC <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Holocene slip rate is 1.5-2.0 mm/yr to the south and 0.5-1.0 mm/yr along its northern extent. An earthquake rupturing the entire length of the <span class="hlt">system</span> could produce an Mw 7.0 earthquake or larger. West of the main segments of the NIRC <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is the San Onofre Trend (SOT) along the continental slope. Previous work concluded that this is part of a strike-slip <span class="hlt">system</span> that eventually merges with the NIRC <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. Others have interpreted this <span class="hlt">system</span> as deformation associated with the Oceanside Blind Thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span> purported to underlie most of the region. In late 2013, we acquired the first high-resolution 3D Parallel Cable (P-Cable) seismic surveys of the NIRC and SOT <span class="hlt">faults</span> as part of the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California Regional <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Mapping project aboard the R/V New Horizon. Analysis of these data volumes provides important new insights and constraints on the <span class="hlt">fault</span> segmentation and transfer of deformation. Based on this new data, we've mapped several small <span class="hlt">fault</span> strands associated with the SOT that appear to link up with a westward jog in right-lateral <span class="hlt">fault</span> splays of the NIRC <span class="hlt">Fault</span> on the shelf and then narrowly radiate southwards. Our</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70037328','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70037328"><span>Uncertainties in slip-rate estimates for the Mission Creek strand of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> at Biskra Palms Oasis, <span class="hlt">southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Behr, W.M.; Rood, D.H.; Fletcher, K.E.; Guzman, N.; Finkel, R.; Hanks, T.C.; Hudnut, K.W.; Kendrick, K.J.; Platt, J.P.; Sharp, W.D.; Weldon, R.J.; Yule, J.D.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>This study focuses on uncertainties in estimates of the geologic slip rate along the Mission Creek strand of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> where it offsets an alluvial fan (T2) at Biskra Palms Oasis in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California. We provide new estimates of the amount of <span class="hlt">fault</span> offset of the T2 fan based on trench excavations and new cosmogenic 10Be age determinations from the tops of 12 boulders on the fan surface. We present three alternative fan offset models: a minimum, a maximum, and a preferred offset of 660 m, 980 m, and 770 m, respectively. We assign an age of between 45 and 54 ka to the T2 fan from the 10Be data, which is significantly older than previously reported but is consistent with both the degree of soil development associated with this surface, and with ages from U-series geochronology on pedogenic carbonate from T2, described in a companion paper by Fletcher et al. (this volume). These new constraints suggest a range of slip rates between ~12 and 22 mm/yr with a preferred estimate of ~14-17 mm/yr for the Mission Creek strand of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Previous studies suggested that the geologic and geodetic slip-rate estimates at Biskra Palms differed. We find, however, that considerable uncertainty affects both the geologic and geodetic slip-rate estimates, such that if a real discrepancy between these rates exists for the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> at Biskra Palms, it cannot be demonstrated with available data. ?? 2010 Geological Society of America.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70021118','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70021118"><span>Viscoelastic coupling model of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> along the big bend, <span class="hlt">southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Savage, J.C.; Lisowski, M.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>The big bend segment of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> is the 300-km-long segment in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California that strikes about N65??W, roughly 25?? counterclockwise from the local tangent to the small circle about the Pacific-North America pole of rotation. The broad distribution of deformation of trilateration networks along this segment implies a locking depth of at least 25 km as interpreted by the conventional model of strain accumulation (continuous slip on the <span class="hlt">fault</span> below the locking depth at the rate of relative plate motion), whereas the observed seismicity and laboratory data on <span class="hlt">fault</span> strength suggest that the locking depth should be no greater than 10 to 15 km. The discrepancy is explained by the viscoelastic coupling model which accounts for the viscoelastic response of the lower crust. Thus the broad distribution of deformation observed across the big bend segment can be largely associated with the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> itself, not subsidiary <span class="hlt">faults</span> distributed throughout the region. The Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities [1995] in using geodetic data to estimate the seismic risk in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California has assumed that strain accumulated off the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> is released by earthquakes located off the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Thus they count the San Andreas contribution to total seismic moment accumulation more than once, leading to an overestimate of the seismicity for magnitude 6 and greater earthquakes in their Type C zones.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFM.G53A0876L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFM.G53A0876L"><span>Geoloogic slip on offshore San Clemente <span class="hlt">fault</span>, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California, understated in GPS data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Legg, M. R.</p> <p>2005-12-01</p> <p>The San Clemente <span class="hlt">fault</span> offshore <span class="hlt">southern</span> California exhibits prominent geomorphic evidence of major late Quaternary right-slip. Like the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>, where modern Pacific-North America transform motion is focused, the San Clemente <span class="hlt">fault</span> stretches more than 700 km along the continental margin with a well-defined principal displacement zone (PDZ). Lateral offset is generally concentrated in a zone less than about 1 km wide, and linear seafloor <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarps cutting across active submarine fans and basin-filling turbidites demonstrate Holocene activity. Dextral offset of middle Miocene circular crater structures suggest as much as 60 km of Neogene and younger displacement. Offset submarine fan depositional features suggest a rate of about 4-7 mm/yr of late Quaternary slip. Nearly 75 years of seismograph recording in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California registered at least three moderate (M~6) earthquakes, activity which exceeds that of the Elsinore <span class="hlt">fault</span> with a similar measured slip rate. Geodetic data based only on a few decades of GPS observations have been interpreted to show less than 1 mm/yr right-slip on the San Clemente <span class="hlt">fault</span>, whereas larger rates, of about 5-10 mm/yr are described in the Inner Borderland between Catalina Island and the coast. Extrapolations of data from GPS stations on the Pacific Plate offshore Baja California also suggest larger rates west of San Clemente Island. Because there are few offshore locations (islands) for GPS observations, and San Clemente Island is likely within the broader zone of deformation of its namesake <span class="hlt">fault</span>, these data miss the full slip rate. Seafloor observations from submersible discovered youthful <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarps in turbidite muds that are inferred to represent large prehistoric earthquakes, (M~7). The potential for large offshore earthquakes, with tsunami generation that would affect the heavily populated adjacent coastal areas underscores the importance of resolving the slip rate and quantifying the hazard potential.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.T12A..02L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.T12A..02L"><span>Geometry of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> and its implications for seismic hazard</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Langenheim, V. E.; Dorsey, R. J.; Fuis, G. S.; Cooke, M. L.; Fattaruso, L.; Barak, S.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> (SSAF) provides rich opportunities for studying the geometry and connectivity of <span class="hlt">fault</span> stepovers and intersections, including recently recognized NE tilting of the Salton block between the SSAF and San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span> (SJF) that likely results from slight obliquity of relative plate motion to the strike of the SSAF. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> geometry and predictions of whether the SSAF will rupture through the restraining bend in San Gorgonio Pass (SGP) are controversial, with significant implications for seismic hazard. The evolution of <span class="hlt">faulting</span> in SGP has led to various models of strain accommodation, including clockwise rotation of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bounded blocks east of the restraining bend, and generation of <span class="hlt">faults</span> that siphon strike slip away from the restraining bend onto the SJF (also parallel to the SSAF). Complex deformation is not restricted to the upper crust but extends to mid- and lower-crustal depths according to magnetic data and ambient-noise surface-wave tomography. Initiation of the SJF ~1.2 Ma led to formation of the relatively intact Salton block, and end of extension on the West Salton detachment <span class="hlt">fault</span> on the west side of Coachella Valley. Geologic and geomorphic data show asymmetry of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Santa Rosa Mountains, with a steep <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bounded SW flank produced by active uplift, and gentler topographic gradients on the NE flank with tilted, inactive late Pleistocene fans that are incised by modern upper fan channels. Gravity data indicate the basin floor beneath Coachella Valley is also asymmetric, with a gently NE-dipping basin floor bound by a steep SSAF; seismic-reflection data suggest that NE tilting took place during Quaternary time. 3D numerical modeling predicts gentle NE dips in the Salton block that result from the slight clockwise orientation of relative motion across a NE-dipping SSAF. A NE dip of the SSAF, supported by various geophysical datasets, would reduce shaking in Coachella Valley compared to a vertical <span class="hlt">fault</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..1110260F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..1110260F"><span>Imaging the polarity switch between large seismogenic normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Apennines (Italy)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fracassi, U.; Milano, G.; di Giovambattista, R.; Ventura, G.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>The backbone of Italy's Apennines hosts the majority of the seismic moment release in the Italian peninsula. In particular, the area among the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Abruzzo, southeastern Lazio and Molise regions in central-<span class="hlt">southern</span> Italy includes the polarity switch, from north to south, between the large SW-verging seismogenic normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> (the southernmost one being the Aremogna-Cinque Miglia, responsible for a Mw 6.4 event dated 800 B.C-1030 A.D.) and those NE-verging ones (the northernmost one being the Boiano Basin, responsible for the 26 July 1805, Mw 6.6 Molise earthquake), including the Carpino-Le Piane <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. In addition, the area between these two <span class="hlt">faults</span> is the locus of extension parallel to the chain axis, as shown by a low-magnitude (M < 3.3) seismic sequence occurred in 2001. As GPS data illustrate, NE-SW striking extension predominates in the western and the inner sectors of the Apennines. All active normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> along the crest of the Apennines are essentially parallel to the mountain range (NW-SE) and are governed by the current extensional regime that has been in place since the Middle-Upper Pleistocene. However, the occurrence of such polarity switch between antithetic, conjugate seismogenic normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> in Italy is very uncommon. In addition, the area of research marks the abrupt end of the two (three?) sub-parallel seismogenic belts in Abruzzo (to the north) and the inception of the single, aligned one in Molise (to the south), including the western termination of E-W striking, large oblique-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span> in the foreland. In other words, this is a critical area concerning seismogenesis in central Italy and, therefore, the tectonic mechanism that either causes or influences such polarity switch could represent a key ingredient in the above scenario. Between January and May 2005, the RSN (Italy's National Seismometric Network) recorded a rise in the background seismicity, that has been recently relocated. This sequence is essentially a low magnitude</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035188','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035188"><span>Potential earthquake <span class="hlt">faults</span> offshore <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California, from the eastern Santa Barbara Channel south to Dana Point</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Fisher, M.A.; Sorlien, C.C.; Sliter, R.W.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Urban areas in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California are at risk from major earthquakes, not only quakes generated by long-recognized onshore <span class="hlt">faults</span> but also ones that occur along poorly understood offshore <span class="hlt">faults</span>. We summarize recent research findings concerning these lesser known <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Research by the U.S. Geological Survey during the past five years indicates that these <span class="hlt">faults</span> from the eastern Santa Barbara Channel south to Dana Point pose a potential earthquake threat. Historical seismicity in this area indicates that, in general, offshore <span class="hlt">faults</span> can unleash earthquakes having at least moderate (M 5-6) magnitude. Estimating the earthquake hazard in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California is complicated by strain partitioning and by inheritance of structures from early tectonic episodes. The three main episodes are Mesozoic through early Miocene subduction, early Miocene crustal extension coeval with rotation of the Western Transverse Ranges, and Pliocene and younger transpression related to plate-boundary motion along the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. Additional complication in the analysis of earthquake hazards derives from the partitioning of tectonic strain into strike-slip and thrust components along separate but kinematically related <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The eastern Santa Barbara Basin is deformed by large active reverse and thrust <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and this area appears to be underlain regionally by the north-dipping Channel Islands thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span>. These <span class="hlt">faults</span> could produce moderate to strong earthquakes and destructive tsunamis. On the Malibu coast, earthquakes along offshore <span class="hlt">faults</span> could have left-lateral-oblique focal mechanisms, and the Santa Monica Mountains thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span>, which underlies the oblique <span class="hlt">faults</span>, could give rise to large (M ??7) earthquakes. Offshore <span class="hlt">faults</span> near Santa Monica Bay and the San Pedro shelf are likely to produce both strike-slip and thrust earthquakes along northwest-striking <span class="hlt">faults</span>. In all areas, transverse structures, such as lateral ramps and tear <span class="hlt">faults</span>, which crosscut the main <span class="hlt">faults</span>, could</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T42D..06K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T42D..06K"><span>A Model of Subduction of a Mid-Paleozoic Oceanic Ridge - Transform <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> along the Eastern North American Margin in the Northern Appalachians</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kuiper, Y. D.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Crustal-scale dextral northeasterly trending ductile-brittle <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> and increased igneous activity in mid-Paleozoic eastern New England and <span class="hlt">southern</span> Maritime Canada are interpreted in terms of a subducted oceanic spreading ridge model. In the model, the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> form as a result of subduction of a spreading ridge-transform <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, similar to the way the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> formed. Ridge subduction results in the formation of a sub-surface slab window, mantle upwelling, and increased associated magmatism in the overlying plate. The ridge-transform <span class="hlt">system</span> existed in the Rheic Ocean, and was subducted below parts of Ganderia, Avalonia and Meguma in Maine, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The subduction zone jumped southeastward as a result of accretion of Avalonia. Where the ridge-transform <span class="hlt">system</span> was subducted, plate motions changed from predominantly convergent between the northern Rheic Ocean and Laurentian plates to predominantly dextral between the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Rheic Ocean and Laurentian plates. In the model, dextral <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> include the Norumbega <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> between southwestern New Brunswick and <span class="hlt">southern</span> Maine and New Hampshire, and the Kennebecasis, Belle Isle and Caledonia <span class="hlt">faults</span> in southeastern New Brunswick. A latest Silurian transition from arc- to within-plate- magmatism in the Coastal Volcanic Belt in eastern Maine may suggest the onset of ridge subduction. Examples of increased latest Silurian to Devonian within-plate magmatism include the Cranberry Island volcanic series and coastal Maine magmatic province in Maine, and the South Mountain Batholith in Nova Scotia. Widespread Devonian to earliest Carboniferous granitic to intermediate plutons, beyond the Coastal Volcanic Belt towards <span class="hlt">southern</span> Maine and central New Hampshire, may outline the shape of a subsurface slab window. The possibility of ridge-transform subduction in Newfoundland and in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Appalachians will be discussed. The northern Appalachians may be a unique</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.T41C4651W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.T41C4651W"><span>Paleoseismology of the Mt. Narryer <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone, West Central Western Australia: a Multi-Segment Intraplate <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Whitney, B. B.; Clark, D.; Hengesh, J.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The Western Australia shear zone (WASZ) is a 2000 km long <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> within the intraplate region of Australia. A paleoseismological study of <span class="hlt">faults</span> and <span class="hlt">fault</span>-related folds comprising the Mount Narryer <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone (MNfz) in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> WASZ reveals a late Quaternary history of repeated morphogenic earthquake occurrence that has profoundly influenced the planform and course of the Murchison, Roderick, and Sanford Rivers. Folding in the near surface sediments is the predominant style of surface expression of reactivated basement <span class="hlt">faults</span> which is consistent with other neotectonic structures throughout the Western Australia shear zone. CRN and OSL estimates of exposure and burial ages of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-related folds and fold derived colluvium provide constraint on Late Quaternary slip rates on the underlying <span class="hlt">faults</span> of ~0.05 - 0.1 mm/a. In the case of the Roderick River <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarp, 2-3m high tectonic risers separating inset terraces where the Murchison River crosses the scarp are consistent with multiple late Quaternary seismic events on the order of magnitude Mw 7.1-7.3. Mid-Pleistocene ages of tectonically deformed strata in the MNfz are consistent with the timing of collision between the Australian extended margin and Savu-Rote ridge 0.2-1.8 Ma.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFM.T32B..04F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFM.T32B..04F"><span>Paleoseismic Investigation of the Ranong and Khlong Marui <span class="hlt">faults</span>, Chumphon Province, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Thailand</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fenton, C. H.; Sutiwanich, C.</p> <p>2005-12-01</p> <p>The Ranong and Khlong Marui <span class="hlt">faults</span> are northeast-southwest trending structures in the Isthmus of Kra, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Thailand, that apparently link the extensional regimes of the Mergui Basin in the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. These <span class="hlt">faults</span> are depicted commonly as strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span>, acting as conjugate structures to the dominant northwest-southeast trending strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span>, in Southeast Asia. These <span class="hlt">faults</span> are parallel to the predominant structural grain in the Carboniferous rocks of peninsular Thailand. In addition, they appear to be bounding structures for several Tertiary basins, including the onshore parts of the Surat Thani basin and the offshore Chumphon basin. Initial remote sensing studies showed that both <span class="hlt">faults</span> have relatively subdued geomorphic expressions. Field reconnaissance investigations indicated a lack of youthful tectonic geomorphology along the Khlong Marui <span class="hlt">fault</span> and ambiguous evidence for recent movement along the Ranong <span class="hlt">fault</span>. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> exposures along both <span class="hlt">fault</span> trends and on minor parallel <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the region indicated that, rather than predominantly strike-slip motion, these <span class="hlt">faults</span> have experienced up-to-the-west reverse movement. Because of its more youthful geomorphic expression, several sites along the Ranong <span class="hlt">fault</span> were chosen for paleoseismic trenching. Initial trench exposures indicate an absence of Holocene movement. Some exposures indicate the possibility of Late Tertiary-Early Holocene vertical movement. These investigations are currently ongoing and we hope to report our conclusions at the Fall Meeting.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.3350G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.3350G"><span>Lateral extrusion of Tunisia : Contribution of Jeffara <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (<span class="hlt">southern</span> branch) and Petroleum Implications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ghedhoui, R.; Deffontaines, B.; Rabia, M. C.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>Contrasting to the northward African plate motion toward Eurasia and due to its geographic position in the North African margin, since early cretaceous, Tunisia seems to be submitted to an eastward migration. The aim of this work is to study the <span class="hlt">southern</span> branch of this inferred tectonic splay that may guide the Tunisian extrusion characterised to the east by the Mediterranean sea as a free eastern boundary. The Jeffara <span class="hlt">Fault</span> zone (<span class="hlt">southern</span> Tunisia), represent a case example of such deformation faced by Tunisia. Helped by the results of previous researchers (Bouaziz, 1995 ; Rabiaa, 1998 ; Touati et Rodgers, 1998 ; Sokoutis D. et al., 2000 ; Bouaziz et al., 2002 ; Jallouli et al., 2005 ; Deffontaines et al., 2008…), and new evidences developed in this study, we propose a geodynamic Tunisian east extrusion model, due to such the northern African plate migration to the Eurasian one. In this subject, structural geomorphology is undertaken herein based on both geomorphometric drainage network analysis (Deffontaines et al., 1990), the Digital Terrain Model photo-interpretation (SRTM) combined with photo-interpretation of detailed optical images (Landsat ETM+), and confirmed by field work and numerous seismic profiles at depth. All these informations were then integrated within a GIS (Geodatabase) (Deffontaines 1990 ; Deffontaines et al. 1994 ; Deffontaines, 2000 ; Slama, 2008 ; Deffontaines, 2008) and are coherent with the eastern extrusion of the Sahel block. We infer that the NW-SE Gafsa-Tozeur, which continue to the Jeffara major <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone acting as a transtensive right lateral motion since early cretaceous is the <span class="hlt">southern</span> branch of the Sahel block extrusion. Our structural analyses prove the presence of NW-SE right lateral en-echelon tension gashes, NW-SE aligned salt diapirs, numerous folds offsets, en-echelon folds, and so on that parallel this major NW-SE transtensive extrusion <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone.These evidences confirm the fact that the NW-SE Jeffara <span class="hlt">faults</span> correspond</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFM.S34A..03K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFM.S34A..03K"><span>Impact of a Large San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Earthquake on Tall Buildings in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Krishnan, S.; Ji, C.; Komatitsch, D.; Tromp, J.</p> <p>2004-12-01</p> <p>In 1857, an earthquake of magnitude 7.9 occurred on the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>, starting at Parkfield and rupturing in a southeasterly direction for more than 300~km. Such a unilateral rupture produces significant directivity toward the San Fernando and Los Angeles basins. The strong shaking in the basins due to this earthquake would have had a significant long-period content (2--8~s). If such motions were to happen today, they could have a serious impact on tall buildings in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California. In order to study the effects of large San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> earthquakes on tall buildings in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California, we use the finite source of the magnitude 7.9 2001 Denali <span class="hlt">fault</span> earthquake in Alaska and map it onto the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> with the rupture originating at Parkfield and proceeding southward over a distance of 290~km. Using the SPECFEM3D spectral element seismic wave propagation code, we simulate a Denali-like earthquake on the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> and compute ground motions at sites located on a grid with a 2.5--5.0~km spacing in the greater <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California region. We subsequently analyze 3D structural models of an existing tall steel building designed in 1984 as well as one designed according to the current building code (Uniform Building Code, 1997) subjected to the computed ground motion. We use a sophisticated nonlinear building analysis program, FRAME3D, that has the ability to simulate damage in buildings due to three-component ground motion. We summarize the performance of these structural models on contour maps of carefully selected structural performance indices. This study could benefit the city in laying out emergency response strategies in the event of an earthquake on the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>, in undertaking appropriate retrofit measures for tall buildings, and in formulating zoning regulations for new construction. In addition, the study would provide risk data associated with existing and new construction to insurance companies, real estate developers, and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T53D2620L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T53D2620L"><span>Low Velocity Zones along the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California, inferred from Local Earthquakes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Z.; Yang, H.; Peng, Z.; Ben-Zion, Y.; Vernon, F.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Natural <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones have regions of brittle damage leading to a low-velocity zone (LVZ) in the immediate vicinity of the main <span class="hlt">fault</span> interface. The LVZ may amplify ground motion, modify rupture propagation, and impact derivation of earthquke properties. Here we image low-velocity <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone structures along the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (SJF), <span class="hlt">southern</span> California, using waveforms of local earthquakes that are recorded at several dense arrays across the SJFZ. We use generalized ray theory to compute synthetic travel times to track the direct and FZ-reflected waves bouncing from the FZ boundaries. This method can effectively reduce the trade-off between FZ width and velocity reduction relative to the host rock. Our preliminary results from travel time modeling show the clear signature of LVZs along the SJF, including the segment of the Anza seismic gap. At the <span class="hlt">southern</span> part near the trifrication area, the LVZ of the Clark Valley branch (array JF) has a width of ~200 m with ~55% reduction in Vp and Vs. This is consistent with what have been suggested from previous studies. In comparison, we find that the velocity reduction relative to the host rock across the Anza seismic gap (array RA) is ~50% for both Vp and Vs, nearly as prominent as that on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> branches. The width of the LVZ is ~230 m. In addition, the LVZ across the Anza gap appears to locate in the northeast side of the RA array, implying potential preferred propagation direction of past ruptures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70177080','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70177080"><span>Late Quaternary offset of alluvial fan surfaces along the Central Sierra Madre <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, <span class="hlt">southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Burgette, Reed J.; Hanson, Austin; Scharer, Katherine M.; Midttun, Nikolas</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The Sierra Madre <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is a reverse <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> along the <span class="hlt">southern</span> flank of the San Gabriel Mountains near Los Angeles, California. This study focuses on the Central Sierra Madre <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (CSMF) in an effort to provide numeric dating on surfaces with ages previously estimated from soil development alone. We have refined previous geomorphic mapping conducted in the western portion of the CSMF near Pasadena, CA, with the aid of new lidar data. This progress report focuses on our geochronology strategy employed in collecting samples and interpreting data to determine a robust suite of terrace surface ages. Sample sites for terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide and luminescence dating techniques were selected to be redundant and to be validated through relative geomorphic relationships between inset terrace levels. Additional sample sites were selected to evaluate the post-abandonment histories of terrace surfaces. We will combine lidar-derived displacement data with surface ages to estimate slip rates for the CSMF.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45.2230S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45.2230S"><span>The 2017 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake: A Complicated Event Occurred in a Young <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sun, Jianbao; Yue, Han; Shen, Zhengkang; Fang, Lihua; Zhan, Yan; Sun, Xiangyu</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The Minshan Uplift Zone (MUZ) is located at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, which is the junction of three tectonic terranes. The observed discrepancy between a high uplifting and low shortening rate over the MUZ is attributed to the intrusion of a viscous lower crust. In the last 50 years, several significant earthquakes occurred at the boundaries of the MUZ, that is, the Huya and Mingjiang <span class="hlt">faults</span>. On 8 August 2017, the Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Mw 6.5) occurred on the northern extension of the Huya <span class="hlt">fault</span>. We adopt a joint inversion of the interferometric synthetic aperture radar and teleseismic body wave data to investigate the rupture process of this event. The obtained slip model is dominated by left-lateral strike slips on a subvertical <span class="hlt">fault</span> presenting significant shallow slip deficit. The rupture initiation is composed of both thrust and strike-slip mechanisms producing a non-double-couple solution. We also resolve a secondary <span class="hlt">fault</span> branch forming an obtuse angle with the main <span class="hlt">fault</span> plane at its northern end. These phenomena indicate that the northern Huya <span class="hlt">fault</span> is a young (less mature) <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. Focal mechanisms of the regional earthquakes demonstrate that the northern and <span class="hlt">southern</span> Huya <span class="hlt">faults</span> present different combinations of strike-slip and reversed motion. We attribute such discrepancy to the lateral extension of the viscous lower crust, which appears to extrude to the east beyond the northern Huya <span class="hlt">fault</span>, in comparison with that confined under the MUZ near the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Huya <span class="hlt">fault</span>. This conceptual model is also supported by geomorphological and magnetotelluric observations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T51C2934F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T51C2934F"><span>Development, Interaction and Linkage of Normal <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Segments along the 100-km Bilila-Mtakataka <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, Malawi</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fagereng, A.; Hodge, M.; Biggs, J.; Mdala, H. S.; Goda, K.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Faults</span> grow through the interaction and linkage of isolated <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments. Continuous <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> are those where segments interact, link and may slip synchronously, whereas non-continuous <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> comprise isolated <span class="hlt">faults</span>. As seismic moment is related to <span class="hlt">fault</span> length (Wells and Coppersmith, 1994), understanding whether a <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> is continuous or not is critical in evaluating seismic hazard. Maturity may be a control on <span class="hlt">fault</span> continuity: immature, low displacement <span class="hlt">faults</span> are typically assumed to be non-continuous. Here, we study two overlapping, 20 km long, normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments of the N-S striking Bilila-Mtakataka <span class="hlt">fault</span>, Malawi, in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> section of the East African Rift <span class="hlt">System</span>. Despite its relative immaturity, previous studies concluded the Bilila-Mtakataka <span class="hlt">fault</span> is continuous for its entire 100 km length, with the most recent event equating to an Mw8.0 earthquake (Jackson and Blenkinsop, 1997). We explore whether segment geometry and relationship to pre-existing high-grade metamorphic foliation has influenced segment interaction and <span class="hlt">fault</span> development. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> geometry and scarp height is constrained by DEMs derived from SRTM, Pleiades and `Structure from Motion' photogrammetry using a UAV, alongside direct field observations. The segment strikes differ on average by 10°, but up to 55° at their adjacent tips. The <span class="hlt">southern</span> segment is sub-parallel to the foliation, whereas the northern segment is highly oblique to the foliation. Geometrical surface discontinuities suggest two isolated <span class="hlt">faults</span>; however, displacement-length profiles and Coulomb stress change models suggest segment interaction, with potential for linkage at depth. Further work must be undertaken on other segments to assess the continuity of the entire <span class="hlt">fault</span>, concluding whether an earthquake greater than that of the maximum instrumentally recorded (1910 M7.4 Rukwa) is possible.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT.......174K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT.......174K"><span>Fractures, <span class="hlt">Faults</span>, and Hydrothermal <span class="hlt">Systems</span> of Puna, Hawaii, and Montserrat, Lesser Antilles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kenedi, Catherine Lewis</p> <p></p> <p>The focus of this work is to use geologic and geophysical methods to better understand the <span class="hlt">faults</span> and fracture <span class="hlt">systems</span> at Puna, in southeastern Hawaii, and <span class="hlt">southern</span> Montserrat, in the Lesser Antilles. The particular interest is understanding and locating the deep fracture networks that are necessary for fluid circulation in hydrothermal <span class="hlt">systems</span>. The dissertation first presents a study in which identification of large scale <span class="hlt">faulting</span> places Montserrat into a tectonic context. Then follow studies of Puna and Montserrat that focus on <span class="hlt">faults</span> and fractures of the deep hydrothermal <span class="hlt">systems</span>. The first chapter consists of the results of the SEA-CALIPSO experiment seismic reflection data, recorded on a 48 channel streamer with the active source as a 2600 in3 airgun. This chapter discusses volcaniclastic debris fans off the east coast of Montserrat and <span class="hlt">faults</span> off the west coast. The work places Montserrat in a transtensional environment (influenced by oblique subduction) as well as in a complex local stress regime. One conclusion is that the stress regime is inconsistent with the larger arc due to the influence of local magmatism and stress. The second chapter is a seismic study of the Puna hydrothermal <span class="hlt">system</span> (PHS) along the Kilauea Lower East Rift Zone. The PHS occurs at a left step in the rift, where a fracture network has been formed between <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments. It is a productive geothermal field, extracting steam and reinjecting cooled, condensed fluids. A network of eight borehole seismometers recorded >6000 earthquakes. Most of the earthquakes are very small (< M.2), and shallow (1-3 km depth), likely the result of hydrothermal fluid reinjection. Deeper earthquakes occur along the rift as well as along the south-dipping <span class="hlt">fault</span> plane that originates from the rift zone. Seismic methods applied to the PHS data set, after the initial recording, picking, and locating earthquakes, include a tomographic inversion of the P-wave first arrival data. This model indicates a high</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890015446','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890015446"><span>Predeployment validation of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant <span class="hlt">systems</span> through software-implemented <span class="hlt">fault</span> insertion</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Czeck, Edward W.; Siewiorek, Daniel P.; Segall, Zary Z.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fault</span> injection-based automated testing (FIAT) environment, which can be used to experimentally characterize and evaluate distributed realtime <span class="hlt">systems</span> under <span class="hlt">fault</span>-free and <span class="hlt">faulted</span> conditions is described. A survey is presented of validation methodologies. The need for <span class="hlt">fault</span> insertion based on validation methodologies is demonstrated. The origins and models of <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and motivation for the FIAT concept are reviewed. FIAT employs a validation methodology which builds confidence in the <span class="hlt">system</span> through first providing a baseline of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-free performance data and then characterizing the behavior of the <span class="hlt">system</span> with <span class="hlt">faults</span> present. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> insertion is accomplished through software and allows <span class="hlt">faults</span> or the manifestation of <span class="hlt">faults</span> to be inserted by either seeding <span class="hlt">faults</span> into memory or triggering error detection mechanisms. FIAT is capable of emulating a variety of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant strategies and architectures, can monitor <span class="hlt">system</span> activity, and can automatically orchestrate experiments involving insertion of <span class="hlt">faults</span>. There is a common <span class="hlt">system</span> interface which allows ease of use to decrease experiment development and run time. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> models chosen for experiments on FIAT have generated <span class="hlt">system</span> responses which parallel those observed in real <span class="hlt">systems</span> under faulty conditions. These capabilities are shown by two example experiments each using a different <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerance strategy.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_5 --> <div id="page_6" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="101"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Tecto..36.1662B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Tecto..36.1662B"><span>Active transpressional tectonics in the Andean forearc of <span class="hlt">southern</span> Peru quantified by 10Be surface exposure dating of an active <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarp</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Benavente, Carlos; Zerathe, Swann; Audin, Laurence; Hall, Sarah R.; Robert, Xavier; Delgado, Fabrizio; Carcaillet, Julien; Team, Aster</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Our understanding of the style and rate of Quaternary tectonic deformation in the forearc of the Central Andes is hampered by a lack of field observations and constraints on neotectonic structures. Here we present a detailed analysis of the Purgatorio <span class="hlt">fault</span>, a recently recognized active <span class="hlt">fault</span> located in the forearc of <span class="hlt">southern</span> Peru. Based on field and remote sensing analysis (Pléiades DEM), we define the Purgatorio <span class="hlt">fault</span> as a subvertical structure trending NW-SE to W-E along its 60 km length, connecting, on its eastern end, to the crustal Incapuquio <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>. The Purgatorio <span class="hlt">fault</span> accommodates right-lateral transpressional deformation, as shown by the numerous lateral and vertical plurimetric offsets recorded along strike. In particular, scarp with a 5 m cumulative throw is preserved and displays cobbles that are cut and covered by slickensides. Cosmogenic radionuclide exposure dating (10Be) of quartzite cobbles along the vertical <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarp yields young exposure ages that can be bracketed between 0 to 6 ka, depending on the inheritance model that is applied. Our preferred scenario, which takes in account our geomorphic observations, implies at least two distinct rupture events, each associated with 3 and 2 m of vertical offset. These two events plausibly occurred during the last thousand years. Nevertheless, an interpretation invoking more tectonic events along the <span class="hlt">fault</span> cannot be ruled out. This work affirms crustal deformation along active <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the Andean forearc of <span class="hlt">southern</span> Peru during the last thousand years.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730004626','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730004626"><span>Earthquake epicenters and <span class="hlt">fault</span> intersections in central and <span class="hlt">southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Abdel-Gawad, M. (Principal Investigator); Silverstein, J.</p> <p>1972-01-01</p> <p>The author has identifed the following significant results. ERTS-1 imagery provided evidence for the existence of short transverse <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments lodged between <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">system</span> in the Coast Ranges, California. They indicate that an early episode of transverse shear has affected the Coast Ranges prior to the establishment of the present San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> has been offset by transverse <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the Transverse Ranges. It appears feasible to identify from ERTS-1 imagery geomorphic criteria of recent <span class="hlt">fault</span> movements. Plots of historic earthquakes in the Coast Ranges and western Transverse Ranges show clusters in areas where structures are complicated by interaction of tow active <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span>. A <span class="hlt">fault</span> lineament apparently not previously mapped was identified in the Uinta Mountains, Utah. Part of the lineament show evidence of recent <span class="hlt">faulting</span> which corresponds to a moderate earthquake cluster.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950046128&hterms=riser&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Driser','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950046128&hterms=riser&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Driser"><span>Active tectonics in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Xinjiang, China: Analysis of terrace riser and normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarp degradation along the Hotan-Qira <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Avouac, Jean-Philippe; Peltzer, Gilles</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>The northern piedmont of the western Kunlun mountains (Xinjiang, China) is marked at its easternmost extremity, south of the Hotan-Qira oases, by a set of normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> trending N50E for nearly 70 km. Conspicuous on Landsat and SPOT images, these <span class="hlt">faults</span> follow the southeastern border of a deep flexural basin and may be related to the subsidence of the Tarim platform loaded by the western Kunlun northward overthrust. The Hotan-Qira normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> vertically offsets the piedmont slope by 70 m. Highest <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarps reach 20 m and often display evidence for recent reactivations about 2 m high. Successive stream entrenchments in uplifted footwallls have formed inset terraces. We have leveled topographic profiles across <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarps and transverse abandoned terrace risers. The state of degradation of each terrace edge has been characterized by a degradation coefficient tau, derived by comparison with analytical erosion models. Edges of highest abandoned terraces yield a degradation coefficient of 33 +/- 4 sq.m. Profiles of cumulative <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarps have been analyzed in a similar way using synthetic profiles generated with a simple incremental <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarp model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1990/1515/pp1515.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1990/1515/pp1515.pdf"><span>The San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>, California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Wallace, Robert E.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>Maps of northern and <span class="hlt">southern</span> California printed on flyleaf inside front cover and on adjacent pages show <span class="hlt">faults</span> that have had displacement within the past 2 million years. Those that have had displacement within historical time are shown in red. Bands of red tint emphasize zones of historical displacement; bands of orange tint emphasize major <span class="hlt">faults</span> that have had Quaternary displacement before historical time. <span class="hlt">Faults</span> are dashed where uncertain, dotted where covered by sedimentary deposits, and queried when doubtful. Arrows indicate direction of relative movement; sawteeth on upper plate of thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span>. These maps are reproductions, in major part, of selected plates from the "<span class="hlt">Fault</span> Map of California," published in 1975 by the California Division of Mines and Geology at a scale of 1:750,000; the State map was compiled and data interpreted by Charles W. Jennings. New data about <span class="hlt">faults</span>, not shown on the 1975 edition, required modest revisions, primarily additions however, most of the map was left unchanged because the California Division of Mines and Geology is currently engaged in a major revision and update of the 1975 edition. Because of the reduced scale here, names of <span class="hlt">faults</span> and places were redrafted or omitted. <span class="hlt">Faults</span> added to the reduced map are not as precise as on the original State map, and the editor of this volume selected certain <span class="hlt">faults</span> and omitted others. Principal regions for which new information was added are the region north of the San Francisco Bay area and the offshore regions.Many people have contributed to the present map, but the editor is solely responsible for any errors and omissions. Among those contributing informally, but extensively, and the regions to which each contributed were G.A. Carver, onland region north of lat 40°N.; S.H. Clarke, offshore region north of Cape Mendocino; R.J. McLaughlin, onland region between lat 40°00' and 40°30' N. and long 123°30' and 124°30' W.; D.S. McCulloch offshore region between lat 35° and 40° N</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70019988','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70019988"><span>Proterozoic structure, cambrian rifting, and younger <span class="hlt">faulting</span> as revealed by a regional seismic reflection network in the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Illinois Basin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Potter, C.J.; Drahovzal, James A.; Sargent, M.L.; McBride, J.H.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p> <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the Wabash Valley <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> produce discrete offset in Ordovician and younger strata only; one of the Wabash Valley <span class="hlt">faults</span> cuts the top of the Precambrian on this seismic profile. 7. The data show clear evidence of late Paleozoic reverse <span class="hlt">faulting</span> along both boundaries of the Rough Creek Graben in western Kentucky, although significant unreactivated Cambrian rift-bounding <span class="hlt">faults</span> are also preserved. 8. Chaotic reflection patterns in the lower and middle Paleozoic strata near Hicks Dome, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Illinois, are related to a combination of intrusive brecciation, intense <span class="hlt">faulting</span>, and alteration of carbonate strata by acidic mineralizing fluids, all of which occurred in the Permian. 9. Late Paleozoic(?) reverse <span class="hlt">faulting</span> is interpreted on one flank of the Rock Creek Graben, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Illinois. 10. Permian and Mesozoic(?) extensional <span class="hlt">faulting</span> is clearly imaged in the Fluorspar Area <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Complex; neotectonic studies suggest that these structures were reactivated in the Quaternary.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T23D0642S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T23D0642S"><span>Tectonic meaning of anomalous <span class="hlt">fault</span>-slip strain solutions in the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Volcanic Zone of the Andes: insights to assess the structural permeability of the Liquiñe-Ofqui <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> and the Andean Transverse <span class="hlt">Faults</span> (39°-40°S)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sepúlveda, J.; Roquer, T.; Arancibia, G.; Veloso, E. A.; Morata, D.; Molina Piernas, E.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Oblique subduction between the Nazca and South American plates produces the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Volcanic Zone (33-46°S) (SVZ), an active tectono-magmatic-hydrothermal setting. Tectonics of the SVZ is controlled by the Liquiñe-Ofqui <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> (LOFS) and the Andean Transverse <span class="hlt">Faults</span> (ATF). The LOFS is an active intra-arc 1200-km-long <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, with dextral and dextral-normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> that strike NS-NNE to NE-ENE. The ATF include a group of active NW-striking sinistral <span class="hlt">faults</span> and morphotectonic lineaments. Here, deformation is partitioned into a margin-parallel and a margin-orthogonal components, accommodated along and across the arc and forearc, respectively. In the inter-seismic period, shortening in the arc is NE-trending, whereas in the co- and post-seismic periods shortening switches to NW-trending. In order to determine the kinematics and style of deformation in the northern termination of the LOFS and its interaction with the ATF, we measured 81 <span class="hlt">fault</span>-slip data at the Liquiñe (39ºS) and Maihue (40ºS) areas. Here, hot springs occur above fractured granitic rocks, where structural permeability given by fracture meshes is the main hydraulic conductivity. Considering the high sensitivity of <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> regarding the rupture under prevailing stress and/or fluid overpressure conditions, to stablish past and present strain conditions is critical to assess a potential fractured geothermal <span class="hlt">system</span>. Results at Liquiñe display two strain regimes (P and T axes): 1) P=259/01, T=169/01; 2) P= 182/23, T= 275/07. Likewise, Maihue shows two regimes: 1) P= 143/12, T=235/07; 2) P=228/12, T= 136/07. In both areas, the first solutions agree with the regional regime within the SVZ, i.e. NE-trending shortening in the arc. However, the second solutions seem to be anomalous with respect to the regional strain regime. At Liquiñe, NS-trending shortening may be associated with a buttress effect at the northern termination of the LOFS. At Maihue, NW-trending shortening may be related to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989Geo....17..806Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989Geo....17..806Y"><span>Duplex development and abandonment during evolution of the Lewis thrust <span class="hlt">system</span>, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Glacier National Park, Montana</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yin, An; Kelty, Thomas K.; Davis, Gregory A.</p> <p>1989-09-01</p> <p>Geologic mapping in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Glacier National Park, Montana, reveals the presence of two duplexes sharing the same floor thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span>, the Lewis thrust. The westernmost duplex (Brave Dog Mountain) includes the low-angle Brave Dog roof <span class="hlt">fault</span> and Elk Mountain imbricate <span class="hlt">system</span>, and the easternmost (Rising Wolf Mountain) duplex includes the low-angle Rockwell roof <span class="hlt">fault</span> and Mt. Henry imbricate <span class="hlt">system</span>. The geometry of these duplexes suggests that they differ from previously described geometric-kinematic models for duplex development. Their low-angle roof <span class="hlt">faults</span> were preexisting structures that were locally utilized as roof <span class="hlt">faults</span> during the formation of the imbricate <span class="hlt">systems</span>. Crosscutting of the Brave Dog <span class="hlt">fault</span> by the Mt. Henry imbricate <span class="hlt">system</span> indicates that the two duplexes formed at different times. The younger Rockwell-Mt. Henry duplex developed 20 km east of the older Brave Dog-Elk Mountain duplex; the roof <span class="hlt">fault</span> of the former is at a higher structural level. Field relations confirm that the low-angle Rockwell <span class="hlt">fault</span> existed across the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Glacier Park area prior to localized formation of the Mt. Henry imbricate thrusts beneath it. These thrusts kinematically link the Rockwell and Lewis <span class="hlt">faults</span> and may be analogous to P shears that form between two synchronously active <span class="hlt">faults</span> bounding a simple shear <span class="hlt">system</span>. The abandonment of one duplex and its replacement by another with a new and higher roof <span class="hlt">fault</span> may have been caused by (1) warping of the older and lower Brave Dog roof <span class="hlt">fault</span> during the formation of the imbricate <span class="hlt">system</span> (Elk Mountain) beneath it, (2) an upward shifting of the highest level of a simple shear <span class="hlt">system</span> in the Lewis plate to a new decollement level in subhorizontal belt strata (= the Rockwell <span class="hlt">fault</span>) that lay above inclined strata within the first duplex, and (3) a reinitiation of P-shear development (= Mt. Henry imbricate <span class="hlt">faults</span>) between the Lewis thrust and the subparallel, synkinematic Rockwell <span class="hlt">fault</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70168587','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70168587"><span>Loading of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> by flood-induced rupture of <span class="hlt">faults</span> beneath the Salton Sea</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Brothers, Daniel; Kilb, Debi; Luttrell, Karen; Driscoll, Neal W.; Kent, Graham</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> has not experienced a large earthquake for approximately 300 years, yet the previous five earthquakes occurred at ~180-year intervals. Large strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> are often segmented by lateral stepover zones. Movement on smaller <span class="hlt">faults</span> within a stepover zone could perturb the main <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments and potentially trigger a large earthquake. The <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> terminates in an extensional stepover zone beneath the Salton Sea—a lake that has experienced periodic flooding and desiccation since the late Holocene. Here we reconstruct the magnitude and timing of <span class="hlt">fault</span> activity beneath the Salton Sea over several earthquake cycles. We observe coincident timing between flooding events, stepover <span class="hlt">fault</span> displacement and ruptures on the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Using Coulomb stress models, we show that the combined effect of lake loading, stepover <span class="hlt">fault</span> movement and increased pore pressure could increase stress on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> to levels sufficient to induce failure. We conclude that rupture of the stepover <span class="hlt">faults</span>, caused by periodic flooding of the palaeo-Salton Sea and by tectonic forcing, had the potential to trigger earthquake rupture on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Extensional stepover zones are highly susceptible to rapid stress loading and thus the Salton Sea may be a nucleation point for large ruptures on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.appliedgeologybook.com/','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://www.appliedgeologybook.com/"><span>Earthquake geology and paleoseismology of major strands of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>: Chapter 38</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Rockwell, Thomas; Scharer, Katherine M.; Dawson, Timothy E.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> in California is one of the best-studied <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the world, both in terms of the long-term geologic history and paleoseismic study of past surface ruptures. In this paper, we focus on the Quaternary to historic data that have been collected from the major strands of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, both on the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> itself, and the major subparallel strands that comprise the plate boundary, including the Calaveras-Hayward- Rogers Creek-Maacama <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone and the Concord-Green Valley-Bartlett Springs <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone in northern California, and the San Jacinto and Elsinore <span class="hlt">faults</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California. The majority of the relative motion between the Pacific and North American lithospheric plates is accommodated by these <span class="hlt">faults</span>, with the San Andreas slipping at about 34 mm/yr in central California, decreasing to about 20 mm/yr in northern California north of its juncture with the Calaveras and Concord <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The Calaveras-Hayward-Rogers Creek-Maacama <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone exhibits a slip rate of 10-15 mm/yr, whereas the rate along the Concord-Green Valley-Bartlett Springs <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone is lower at about 5 mm/yr. In <span class="hlt">southern</span> California, the San Andreas exhibits a slip rate of about 35 mm/yr along the Mojave section, decreasing to as low as 10-15 mm/yr along its juncture with the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span>, and about 20 mm/yr in the Coachella Valley. The San Jacinto and Elsinore <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones exhibit rates of about 15 and 5 mm/yr, respectively. The average recurrence interval for surface-rupturing earthquakes along individual elements of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> range from 100-500 years and is consistent with slip rate at those sites: higher slip rates produce more frequent or larger earthquakes. There is also evidence of short-term variations in strain release (slip rate) along various <span class="hlt">fault</span> sections, as expressed as “flurries” or clusters of earthquakes as well as periods of relatively fewer surface ruptures in these relatively short records. This</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1615896G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1615896G"><span>Geophysical methods for identification of active <span class="hlt">faults</span> between the Sannio-Matese and Irpinia areas of the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Apennines.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gaudiosi, Germana; Nappi, Rosa; Alessio, Giuliana; Cella, Federico; Fedi, Maurizio; Florio, Giovanni</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Apennines is one of the Italian most active areas from a geodynamic point of view since it is characterized by occurrence of intense and widely spread seismic activity. Most seismicity of the area is concentrated along the chain, affecting mainly the Irpinia and Sannio-Matese areas. The seismogenetic sources responsible for the destructive events of 1456, 1688, 1694, 1702, 1732, 1805, 1930, 1962 and 1980 (Io = X-XI MCS) occurred mostly on NW-SE <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and the relative hypocenters are concentrated within the upper 20 km of the crust. Structural observations on the Pleistocene <span class="hlt">faults</span> suggest normal to sinistral movements for the NW-SE trending <span class="hlt">faults</span> and normal to dextral for the NE-SW trending structures. The available focal mechanisms of the largest events show normal solutions consistent with NE-SW extension of the chain. After the 1980 Irpinia large earthquake, the release of seismic energy in the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Apennines has been characterized by occurrence of moderate energy sequences of main shock-aftershocks type and swarm-type activity with low magnitude sequences. Low-magnitude (Md<5) historical and recent earthquakes, generally clustered in swarms, have commonly occurred along the NE-SW <span class="hlt">faults</span>. This paper deals with integrated analysis of geological and geophysical data in GIS environment to identify surface, buried and hidden active <span class="hlt">faults</span> and to characterize their geometry. In particular we have analyzed structural data, earthquake space distribution and gravimetric data. The main results of the combined analysis indicate good correlation between seismicity and Multiscale Derivative Analysis (MDA) lineaments from gravity data. Furthermore 2D seismic hypocentral locations together with high-resolution analysis of gravity anomalies have been correlated to estimate the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> parameters (strike, dip direction and dip angle) through the application of the DEXP method (Depth from Extreme Points).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000Tecto..19..566C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000Tecto..19..566C"><span>Mechanisms for accommodation of Miocene extension: Low-angle normal <span class="hlt">faulting</span>, magmatism, and secondary breakaway <span class="hlt">faulting</span> in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Sacramento Mountains, southeastern California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Campbell-Stone, Erin; John, Barbara E.; Foster, David A.; Geissman, John W.; Livaccari, Richard F.</p> <p>2000-06-01</p> <p>The Colorado River extensional corridor (CREC) accommodated up to 100% crustal extension between ˜23 and 12 Ma. The southernmost Sacramento Mountains core complex lies within this region of extreme extension and exposes a footwall of Proterozoic, Mesozoic, and Miocene crystalline rocks as well as Miocene volcanic and sedimentary rocks in the hanging wall to the regionally developed Chemehuevi-Sacramento detachment <span class="hlt">fault</span> (CSDF) <span class="hlt">system</span>. New structural, U-Pb-zircon, Ar-Ar, and fission track geochronologic and paleomagnetic studies detail the episodic character of both magmatic and tectonic extension in this region. Extension in this part of the CREC was initiated with tectonic slip along a detachment <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> at a depth between 10 and 15 km. Magmatic extension at these crustal levels began at ˜20-19 Ma and directly account for 5-18 km of extension (10-20% of total extension) in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Sacramento Mountains. Three discrete magmatic episodes record rotation of the least principal stress direction, in the horizontal plane, from 55° to 15° over the following ˜3 Myr. The three intrusions bear brittle and semibrittle fabrics and show no crystal-plastic fabric development. The final 3-4 Myr of stretching were dominated by amagmatic or tectonic extension along a detachment <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, with extension directions rotating back toward 75°. The data are consistent with extremely rapid cooling and uplift of Miocene footwall rocks; the ˜19 Ma Sacram suite was emplaced at a mean pressure of ˜3.0 kbars and uplifted rapidly to a level in the crust where brittle deformation was manifested by movement on the detachment <span class="hlt">fault</span> at ˜16 Ma. By ˜14 Ma the footwall was exposed at the surface, with detritus shed off and deposited in adjacent hanging wall basins.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1839b0077Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1839b0077Z"><span>The engine fuel <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">fault</span> analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Yong; Song, Hanqiang; Yang, Changsheng; Zhao, Wei</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>For improving the reliability of the engine fuel <span class="hlt">system</span>, the typical <span class="hlt">fault</span> factor of the engine fuel <span class="hlt">system</span> was analyzed from the point view of structure and functional. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> character was gotten by building the fuel <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree. According the utilizing of <span class="hlt">fault</span> mode effect analysis method (FMEA), several factors of key component fuel regulator was obtained, which include the <span class="hlt">fault</span> mode, the <span class="hlt">fault</span> cause, and the <span class="hlt">fault</span> influences. All of this made foundation for next development of <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis <span class="hlt">system</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994SedG...92...79M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994SedG...92...79M"><span>Late oligocene and miocene <span class="hlt">faulting</span> and sedimentation, and evolution of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Rio Grande rift, New Mexico, USA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mack, Greg H.; Seager, William R.; Kieling, John</p> <p>1994-08-01</p> <p>The distribution of nonmarine lithofacies, paleocurrents, and provenance data are used to define the evolution of late Oligocene and Miocene basins and complementary uplifts in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Rio Grande rift in the vicinity of Hatch, New Mexico, USA. The late Oligocene-middle Miocene Hayner Ranch Formation, which consists of a maximum of 1000 m of alluvial-fan, alluvial-flat, and lacustrine-carbonate lithofacies, was deposited in a narrow (12 km), northwest-trending, northeast-tilted half graben, whose footwall was the Caballo Mountains block. Stratigraphic separation on the border <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the Caballo Mountains block was approximately 1615 m. An additional 854 m of stratigraphic separation along the Caballo Mountains border <span class="hlt">faults</span> occurred during deposition of the middle-late Miocene Rincon Valley Formation, which is composed of up to 610 m of alluvial-fan, alluvial-flat, braided-fluvial, and gypsiferous playa lithofacies. Two new, north-trending <span class="hlt">fault</span> blocks (Sierra de las Uvas and Dona Ana Mountains) and complementary west-northwest-tilted half graben also developed during Rincon Valley time, with approximately 549 m of stratigraphic separation along the border <span class="hlt">fault</span> of the Sierra de las Uvas block. In latest Miocene and early Pliocene time, following deposition of the Rincon Valley Formation, movement continued along the border <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the Caballo Mountains, Dona Ana Mountains, and Sierra de las Uvas blocks, and large parts of the Hayner Ranch and Rincon Valley basins were segmented into smaller <span class="hlt">fault</span> blocks and basins by movement along new, largely north-trending <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Analysis of the Hayner Ranch and Rincon Valley Formations, along with previous studies of the early Oligocene Bell Top Formation and late Pliocene-early Pleistocene Camp Rice Formation, indicate that the traditional two-stage model for development of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Rio Grande rift should be abandoned in favor of at least four episodes of block <span class="hlt">faulting</span> beginning 35 Ma ago. With the exception of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JGRF..120..915L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JGRF..120..915L"><span>High-resolution mapping of two large-scale transpressional <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones in the California Continental Borderland: Santa Cruz-Catalina Ridge and Ferrelo <span class="hlt">faults</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Legg, Mark R.; Kohler, Monica D.; Shintaku, Natsumi; Weeraratne, Dayanthie S.</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>New mapping of two active transpressional <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones in the California Continental Borderland, the Santa Cruz-Catalina Ridge <span class="hlt">fault</span> and the Ferrelo <span class="hlt">fault</span>, was carried out to characterize their geometries, using over 4500 line-km of new multibeam bathymetry data collected in 2010 combined with existing data. <span class="hlt">Faults</span> identified from seafloor morphology were verified in the subsurface using existing seismic reflection data including single-channel and multichannel seismic profiles compiled over the past three decades. The two <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> are parallel and are capable of large lateral offsets and reverse slip during earthquakes. The geometry of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> shows evidence of multiple segments that could experience throughgoing rupture over distances exceeding 100 km. Published earthquake hypocenters from regional seismicity studies further define the lateral and depth extent of the historic <span class="hlt">fault</span> ruptures. Historical and recent focal mechanisms obtained from first-motion and moment tensor studies confirm regional strain partitioning dominated by right slip on major throughgoing <span class="hlt">faults</span> with reverse-oblique mechanisms on adjacent structures. Transpression on west and northwest trending structures persists as far as 270 km south of the Transverse Ranges; extension persists in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Borderland. A logjam model describes the tectonic evolution of crustal blocks bounded by strike-slip and reverse <span class="hlt">faults</span> which are restrained from northwest displacement by the Transverse Ranges and the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> big bend. Because of their potential for dip-slip rupture, the <span class="hlt">faults</span> may also be capable of generating local tsunamis that would impact <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California coastlines, including populated regions in the Channel Islands.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.G13A0999A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.G13A0999A"><span>Slip distribution, strain accumulation and aseismic slip on the Chaman <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Amelug, F.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> is a transcurrent <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> developed due to the oblique convergence of the India and Eurasia plates in the western boundary of the India plate. To evaluate the contemporary rates of strain accumulation along and across the Chaman <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, we use 2003-2011 Envisat SAR imagery and InSAR time-series methods to obtain a ground velocity field in radar line-of-sight (LOS) direction. We correct the InSAR data for different sources of systematic biases including the phase unwrapping errors, local oscillator drift, topographic residuals and stratified tropospheric delay and evaluate the uncertainty due to the residual delay using time-series of MODIS observations of precipitable water vapor. The InSAR velocity field and modeling demonstrates the distribution of deformation across the Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. In the central Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, the InSAR velocity shows clear strain localization on the Chaman and Ghazaband <span class="hlt">faults</span> and modeling suggests a total slip rate of ~24 mm/yr distributed on the two <span class="hlt">faults</span> with rates of 8 and 16 mm/yr, respectively corresponding to the 80% of the total ~3 cm/yr plate motion between India and Eurasia at these latitudes and consistent with the kinematic models which have predicted a slip rate of ~17-24 mm/yr for the Chaman <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. In the northern Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> (north of 30.5N), ~6 mm/yr of the relative plate motion is accommodated across Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span>. North of 30.5 N where the topographic expression of the Ghazaband <span class="hlt">fault</span> vanishes, its slip does not transfer to the Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span> but rather distributes among different <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the Kirthar range and Sulaiman lobe. Observed surface creep on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span> between Nushki and north of City of Chaman, indicates that the <span class="hlt">fault</span> is partially locked, consistent with the recorded M<7 earthquakes in last century on this segment. The Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span> between north of the City of Chaman to North of Kabul, does not show an increase in the rate of strain</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70046030','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70046030"><span>The northwest trending north Boquerón Bay-Punta Montalva <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone; A through going active <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> in southwestern Puerto Rico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Roig‐Silva, Coral Marie; Asencio, Eugenio; Joyce, James</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The North Boquerón Bay–Punta Montalva <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone has been mapped crossing the Lajas Valley in southwest Puerto Rico. Identification of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> was based upon detailed analysis of geophysical data, satellite images, and field mapping. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone consists of a series of Cretaceous bedrock <span class="hlt">faults</span> that reactivated and deformed Miocene limestone and Quaternary alluvial fan sediments. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone is seismically active (local magnitude greater than 5.0) with numerous locally felt earthquakes. Focal mechanism solutions suggest strain partitioning with predominantly east–west left-lateral displacements with small normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> striking mostly toward the northeast. Northeast-trending fractures and normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> can be found in intermittent streams that cut through the Quaternary alluvial fan deposits along the <span class="hlt">southern</span> margin of the Lajas Valley, an east–west-trending 30-km-long <span class="hlt">fault</span>-controlled depression. Areas of preferred erosion within the alluvial fan trend toward the west-northwest parallel to the onland projection of the North Boquerón Bay <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The North Boquerón Bay <span class="hlt">fault</span> aligns with the Punta Montalva <span class="hlt">fault</span> southeast of the Lajas Valley. Both <span class="hlt">faults</span> show strong southward tilting of Miocene strata. On the western end, the Northern Boquerón Bay <span class="hlt">fault</span> is covered with flat-lying Holocene sediments, whereas at the <span class="hlt">southern</span> end the Punta Montalva <span class="hlt">fault</span> shows left-lateral displacement of stream drainage on the order of a few hundred meters.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Tectp.721...28Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Tectp.721...28Y"><span>Late Quaternary strike-slip along the Taohuala Shan-Ayouqi <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone and its tectonic implications in the Hexi Corridor and the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Gobi Alashan, China</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yu, Jing-xing; Zheng, Wen-jun; Zhang, Pei-zhen; Lei, Qi-yun; Wang, Xu-long; Wang, Wei-tao; Li, Xin-nan; Zhang, Ning</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>The Hexi Corridor and the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Gobi Alashan are composed of discontinuous a set of active <span class="hlt">faults</span> with various strikes and slip motions that are located to the north of the northern Tibetan Plateau. Despite growing understanding of the geometry and kinematics of these active <span class="hlt">faults</span>, the late Quaternary deformation pattern in the Hexi Corridor and the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Gobi Alashan remains controversial. The active E-W trending Taohuala Shan-Ayouqi <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone is located in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Gobi Alashan. Study of the geometry and nature of slip along this <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone holds crucial value for better understanding the regional deformation pattern. Field investigations combined with high-resolution imagery show that the Taohuala Shan <span class="hlt">fault</span> and the E-W trending <span class="hlt">faults</span> within the Ayouqi <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone (F2 and F5) are left-lateral strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span>, whereas the NW or WNW-trending <span class="hlt">faults</span> within the Ayouqi <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone (F1 and F3) are reverse <span class="hlt">faults</span>. We collected Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and cosmogenic exposure age dating samples from offset alluvial fan surfaces, and estimated a vertical slip rate of 0.1-0.3 mm/yr, and a strike-slip rate of 0.14-0.93 mm/yr for the Taohuala Shan <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Strata revealed in a trench excavated across the major <span class="hlt">fault</span> (F5) in the Ayouqi <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone and OSL dating results indicate that the most recent earthquake occurred between ca. 11.05 ± 0.52 ka and ca. 4.06 ± 0.29 ka. The geometry and kinematics of the Taohuala Shan-Ayouqi <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone enable us to build a deformation pattern for the entire Hexi Corridor and the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Gobi Alashan, which suggest that this region experiences northeastward oblique extrusion of the northern Tibetan Plateau. These left-lateral strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the region are driven by oblique compression but not associated with the northeastward extension of the Altyn Tagh <span class="hlt">fault</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6030685','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6030685"><span>Solar <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Farrington, R.B.; Pruett, J.C. Jr.</p> <p>1984-05-14</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">fault</span> detecting apparatus and method are provided for use with an active solar <span class="hlt">system</span>. The apparatus provides an indication as to whether one or more predetermined <span class="hlt">faults</span> have occurred in the solar <span class="hlt">system</span>. The apparatus includes a plurality of sensors, each sensor being used in determining whether a predetermined condition is present. The outputs of the sensors are combined in a pre-established manner in accordance with the kind of predetermined <span class="hlt">faults</span> to be detected. Indicators communicate with the outputs generated by combining the sensor outputs to give the user of the solar <span class="hlt">system</span> and the apparatus an indication as to whether a predetermined <span class="hlt">fault</span> has occurred. Upon detection and indication of any predetermined <span class="hlt">fault</span>, the user can take appropriate corrective action so that the overall reliability and efficiency of the active solar <span class="hlt">system</span> are increased.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/866073','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/866073"><span>Solar <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Farrington, Robert B.; Pruett, Jr., James C.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">fault</span> detecting apparatus and method are provided for use with an active solar <span class="hlt">system</span>. The apparatus provides an indication as to whether one or more predetermined <span class="hlt">faults</span> have occurred in the solar <span class="hlt">system</span>. The apparatus includes a plurality of sensors, each sensor being used in determining whether a predetermined condition is present. The outputs of the sensors are combined in a pre-established manner in accordance with the kind of predetermined <span class="hlt">faults</span> to be detected. Indicators communicate with the outputs generated by combining the sensor outputs to give the user of the solar <span class="hlt">system</span> and the apparatus an indication as to whether a predetermined <span class="hlt">fault</span> has occurred. Upon detection and indication of any predetermined <span class="hlt">fault</span>, the user can take appropriate corrective action so that the overall reliability and efficiency of the active solar <span class="hlt">system</span> are increased.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T21E..06H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T21E..06H"><span>Characterizing the Alpine <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Strike Slip <span class="hlt">System</span> Using a Novel Method for Analyzing GPS Data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Haines, A. J.; Dimitrova, L. L.; Wallace, L. M.; Williams, C. A.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Plate motion across the South Island is dominated by right-lateral strike-slip (38-39 mm/yr total in the direction parallel to the Alpine <span class="hlt">Fault</span>), with a small convergent component (8-10 mm/yr). The Alpine <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is the most active <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the region taking up 27×5 mm/yr in right-lateral strike-slip and ~10 mm/yr in dip-slip. It fails in large >=7 Mw earthquakes with recurrence time of 200-400 years and last ruptured around 1717. A significant component of the plate motion budget must occur on <span class="hlt">faults</span> other than the Alpine <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, but this is not fully accounted for in catalogues of known active <span class="hlt">faults</span>. In the central part of the South Island, low slip rate active <span class="hlt">faults</span> are not well-expressed due to the rapid erosion of the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alps and deposition of these sediments onto the Canterbury plains; the devastating 2010 Darfield earthquake sequence occurred on such previously unknown <span class="hlt">faults</span>. We apply a novel inversion technique (Dimitrova et al. 2012, 2013) to dense campaign GPS velocities in the region to solve for the vertical derivatives of horizontal stress (VDoHS) rates which are a substantially higher resolution expression of subsurface sources of ongoing deformation than the GPS velocities or GPS derived strain rates. Integrating the VDoHS rates gives us strain rates. Relationships between the VDoHS and strain rates allow us to calculate the variation in <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip rate and locking depth for the identified <span class="hlt">faults</span>; e.g., we estimate along <span class="hlt">fault</span> variations for locking depth and slip rate for the Alpine <span class="hlt">Fault</span> in the South Island in good agreement with previous estimates, and provide first estimates for those properties on the smaller, previously-uncharacterized <span class="hlt">faults</span> which account for as much as 50% of the plate motion depending on location. For the first time, we note that the area between the Alpine <span class="hlt">Fault</span> and the Main Divide of the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alps is undergoing extensional areal strain, potentially indicative of gravitational collapse of the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alps. The</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_6 --> <div id="page_7" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="121"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.S21A0239G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.S21A0239G"><span>Segmentation of the Calaveras-Hayward <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> Based on 3-D Geometry and Geology at Large-Earthquake Depth</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Graymer, R. W.; Simpson, R. W.; Jachens, R. C.; Ponce, D. A.; Phelps, G. A.; Watt, J. T.; Wentworth, C. M.</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p>For the purpose of estimating seismic hazard, the Calaveras and Hayward <span class="hlt">Faults</span> have been considered as separate structures and analyzed and segmented based largely on their surface-trace geometry and the extent of the 1868 Hayward <span class="hlt">Fault</span> earthquake. Recent relocations of earthquakes and 3-D geologic mapping have shown, however, that at depths associated with large earthquakes (>5 km) the <span class="hlt">fault</span> geology and geometry is quite different than that at the surface. Using deep <span class="hlt">fault</span> geometry inferred from these studies we treat the Hayward and Calaveras <span class="hlt">Faults</span> as a single <span class="hlt">system</span> and divide the <span class="hlt">system</span> into segments that differ from the previously accepted segments as follows: 1. The Hayward <span class="hlt">Fault</span> connects directly to the central Calaveras <span class="hlt">Fault</span> at depth, as opposed to the 5 km wide restraining stepover zone of multiple imbricate oblique right-lateral reverse <span class="hlt">faults</span> at the surface east of Fremont and San Jose (between about 37.25°-37.6°N). 2. The segment boundary between the Hayward, central Calaveras, and northern Calaveras is based on their Y- shaped intersection at depth near 37.40°N, 121.76°W (Cherry Flat Reservoir), about 8 km south of the previously accepted central-northern Calaveras <span class="hlt">Fault</span> segment boundary. 3. The central Calaveras <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is divided near 37.14°N, 121.56°W (<span class="hlt">southern</span> end of Anderson Lake) into two subsegments based on a large discontinuity at depth seen in relocated seismicity. 4. The Hayward <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is divided near 37.85°N, 122.23°W (Lake Temescal) into two segments based on a large contrast in <span class="hlt">fault</span> face geology. This segmentation is similar to that based on the extent of 1868 <span class="hlt">fault</span> rupture, but is now related to an underlying geologic cause. The direct connection of the Hayward and central Calaveras <span class="hlt">Faults</span> at depth suggests that earthquakes larger than those previously modeled should be considered (~M6.9 for the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Hayward, ~M7.2 for the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Hayward plus northern central Calaveras). A NEHRP study by Witter and others (2003; NEHRP 03</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19780015853','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19780015853"><span>Critical <span class="hlt">fault</span> patterns determination in <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant computer <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mccluskey, E. J.; Losq, J.</p> <p>1978-01-01</p> <p>The method proposed tries to enumerate all the critical <span class="hlt">fault</span>-patterns (successive occurrences of failures) without analyzing every single possible <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The conditions for the <span class="hlt">system</span> to be operating in a given mode can be expressed in terms of the static states. Thus, one can find all the <span class="hlt">system</span> states that correspond to a given critical mode of operation. The next step consists in analyzing the <span class="hlt">fault</span>-detection mechanisms, the diagnosis algorithm and the process of switch control. From them, one can find all the possible <span class="hlt">system</span> configurations that can result from a failure occurrence. Thus, one can list all the characteristics, with respect to detection, diagnosis, and switch control, that failures must have to constitute critical <span class="hlt">fault</span>-patterns. Such an enumeration of the critical <span class="hlt">fault</span>-patterns can be directly used to evaluate the overall <span class="hlt">system</span> tolerance to failures. Present research is focused on how to efficiently make use of these <span class="hlt">system</span>-level characteristics to enumerate all the failures that verify these characteristics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.T41A2851K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.T41A2851K"><span>Differential Extension, Displacement Transfer, and the South to North Decrease in Displacement on the Furnace Creek - Fish Lake Valley <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>, Western Great Basin.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Katopody, D. T.; Oldow, J. S.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The northwest-striking Furnace Creek - Fish Lake Valley (FC-FLV) <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> stretches for >250 km from southeastern California to western Nevada, forms the eastern boundary of the northern segment of the Eastern California Shear Zone, and has contemporary displacement. The FC-FLV <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> initiated in the mid-Miocene (10-12 Ma) and shows a south to north decrease in displacement from a maximum of 75-100 km to less than 10 km. Coeval elongation by extension on north-northeast striking <span class="hlt">faults</span> within the adjoining blocks to the FC-FLV <span class="hlt">fault</span> both supply and remove cumulative displacement measured at the northern end of the transcurrent <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. Elongation and displacement transfer in the eastern block, constituting the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Walker Lane of western Nevada, exceeds that of the western block and results in the net south to north decrease in displacement on the FC-FLV <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. Elongation in the eastern block is accommodated by late Miocene to Pliocene detachment <span class="hlt">faulting</span> followed by extension on superposed, east-northeast striking, high-angle structures. Displacement transfer from the FC-FLV <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> to the northwest-trending <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the central Walker Lane to the north is accomplished by motion on a series of west-northwest striking transcurrent <span class="hlt">faults</span>, named the Oriental Wash, Sylvania Mountain, and Palmetto Mountain <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span>. The west-northwest striking transcurrent <span class="hlt">faults</span> cross-cut earlier detachment structures and are kinematically linked to east-northeast high-angle extensional <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The transcurrent <span class="hlt">faults</span> are mapped along strike for 60 km to the east, where they merge with north-northwest <span class="hlt">faults</span> forming the eastern boundary of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Walker Lane. The west-northwest trending transcurrent <span class="hlt">faults</span> have 30-35 km of cumulative left-lateral displacement and are a major contributor to the decrease in right-lateral displacement on the FC-FLV <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940011075','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940011075"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> management for data <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Boyd, Mark A.; Iverson, David L.; Patterson-Hine, F. Ann</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>Issues related to automating the process of <span class="hlt">fault</span> management (<span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis and response) for data management <span class="hlt">systems</span> are considered. Substantial benefits are to be gained by successful automation of this process, particularly for large, complex <span class="hlt">systems</span>. The use of graph-based models to develop a computer assisted <span class="hlt">fault</span> management <span class="hlt">system</span> is advocated. The general problem is described and the motivation behind choosing graph-based models over other approaches for developing <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis computer programs is outlined. Some existing work in the area of graph-based <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis is reviewed, and a new <span class="hlt">fault</span> management method which was developed from existing methods is offered. Our method is applied to an automatic telescope <span class="hlt">system</span> intended as a prototype for future lunar telescope programs. Finally, an application of our method to general data management <span class="hlt">systems</span> is described.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT.......132L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT.......132L"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> properties, rheology and interseismic deformation in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California from high-precision space geodesy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lindsey, Eric Ostrom</p> <p></p> <p>This dissertation presents the collection and processing of dense high-precision geode- tic data across major <span class="hlt">faults</span> throughout <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California. The results are used to inform numerical models of the long-term slip rate and interseismic behavior of these <span class="hlt">faults</span>, as well as their frictional and rheological properties at shallow depths. The data include campaign surveys of dense networks of GPS monuments crossing the <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations from ENVISAT. Using a Bayesian framework, we first assess to what extent these data constrain relative <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip rates on the San Andreas and San Jacinto <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and show that the inferred parameters depend critically on the assumed <span class="hlt">fault</span> geometry. We next look in detail at near-field observations of strain across the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span>, and show that the source of this strain may be either deep anomalous creep or a new form of shallow, distributed yielding in the top few kilometers of the crust. On the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>, we show that this type of shallow yielding does occur, and its presence or absence is controlled by variations in the local normal stress that result from subtle bends in the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Finally, we investigate shallow creep on the Imperial <span class="hlt">fault</span>, and show that thanks to observations from all parts of the earthquake cycle it is now possible to obtain a strong constraint on the shallow frictional rheology and depth of the material responsible for creep. The results also suggest activity on a hidden <span class="hlt">fault</span> to the West, whose existence has been previously suggested but never confirmed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Geomo.303..172G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Geomo.303..172G"><span>Geomorphic evidence of Quaternary tectonics within an underlap <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone of <span class="hlt">southern</span> Apennines, Italy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Giano, Salvatore Ivo; Pescatore, Eva; Agosta, Fabrizio; Prosser, Giacomo</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>A composite seismic source, the Irpinia - Agri Valley <span class="hlt">Fault</span> zone, located in the axial sector of the fold-and-thrust belt of <span class="hlt">southern</span> Apennines, Italy, is investigated. This composite source is made up of a series of nearly parallel, NW-striking normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments which caused many historical earthquakes. Two of these <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments, known as the San Gregorio Magno and Pergola-Melandro, and the <span class="hlt">fault</span>-related mountain fronts, form a wedge-shaped, right-stepping, underlap <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. This work is aimed at documenting tectonic geomorphology and geology of this underlap <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. The goal is to decipher the evidence of surface topographic interaction between two bounding <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments and their related mountain fronts. In particular, computation of geomorphic indices such as mountain front sinuosity (Smf), water divide sinuosity (Swd), asymmetry factor (AF), drainage basin elongation (Bs), relief ratio (Rh), Hypsometry (HI), normalized steepness (Ksn), and concavity (θ) is integrated with geomorphological analysis, the geological mapping, and structural analysis in order to assess the recent activity of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarp sets recognized within the underlap zone. Results are consistent with the NW-striking <span class="hlt">faults</span> as those showing the most recent tectonic activity, as also suggested by presence of related slope deposits younger than 38 ka. The results of this work therefore show how the integration of a multidisciplinary approach that combines geomorphology, morphometry, and structural analyses may be key to solving tectonic geomorphology issues in a complex, fold-and-thrust belt configuration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.T11A4543M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.T11A4543M"><span>Present-Day Strain Transfer Across the Yakutat Collision in SW Yukon - SE Alaska: The Death of the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Denali <span class="hlt">Fault</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marechal, A.; Mazzotti, S.; Ritz, J. F.; Ferry, M. A.; Freymueller, J. T.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>In SW Yukon-SE Alaska, the present-day Pacific-North America relative motion is highly oblique to the main plate boundary, resulting in strong strain-partitioning tectonics that link the Aleutian subduction to the west to Queen Charlotte transform to the south. This transition region is also the site of present-day orogeny and accretion of the Yakutat Terrane to the Northern Cordillera. Multiple datasets (GPS, geomorphology, seismicity) are integrated to characterize and quantify strain patterns, with particular emphasis on strain partitioning between strike-slip and shortening deformation. New GPS data straddling the main <span class="hlt">faults</span> (Denali, Totschunda, Fairweather) indicate that, south of the collision corner, 95% of the Pacific-North America strike-slip motion is accommodated on the plate-boundary Fairweather <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, leaving near-zero motion on the Denali <span class="hlt">Fault</span> only ~100 km inboard. In contrast, the <span class="hlt">fault</span>-perpendicular component is strongly distributed between shortening offshore, in the orogen, and inland outward motion. In the region of highest convergence obliquity, GPS data show a diffuse indentor-like deformation, with strong along-strike variations of the main <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip rates. Preliminary results of a regional geomorphology study give further information about the Denali <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, where previous data suggest a velocity decrease from 8 mm/yr (Matmon et al.,2006) to 4 mm/yr (Seitz et al., 2010). A high resolution DEM processed from Pleiades satellite imagery highlights a significant vertical component on the Denali <span class="hlt">Fault</span> and very little to no strike-slip movement in its <span class="hlt">southern</span> part. Metric-scale displacements are measured along the "inactive" part of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> showing recent vertical deformation since the Last Glacial Maximum (~20 kyrs ago). In contrast, significant dextral offsets on post-LGM structures are measured on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Totschunda <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. Ongoing datation of geomorphological markers (Be10, OSL) will give us new slip-rate estimates along the <span class="hlt">southern</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeoRL..44.4774X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeoRL..44.4774X"><span>Finite-<span class="hlt">fault</span> slip model of the 2016 Mw 7.5 Chiloé earthquake, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Chile, estimated from Sentinel-1 data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xu, Wenbin</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Subduction earthquakes have been widely studied in the Chilean subduction zone, but earthquakes occurring in its <span class="hlt">southern</span> part have attracted less research interest primarily due to its lower rate of seismic activity. Here I use Sentinel-1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data and range offset measurements to generate coseismic crustal deformation maps of the 2016 Mw 7.5 Chiloé earthquake in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Chile. I find a concentrated crustal deformation with ground displacement of approximately 50 cm in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> part of the Chiloé island. The best fitting <span class="hlt">fault</span> model shows a pure thrust-<span class="hlt">fault</span> motion on a shallow dipping plane orienting 4° NNE. The InSAR-determined moment is 2.4 × 1020 Nm with a shear modulus of 30 GPa, equivalent to Mw 7.56, which is slightly lower than the seismic moment. The model shows that the slip did not reach the trench, and it reruptured part of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> that ruptured in the 1960 Mw 9.5 earthquake. The 2016 event has only released a small portion of the accumulated strain energy on the 1960 rupture zone, suggesting that the seismic hazard of future great earthquakes in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Chile is high.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70188502','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70188502"><span>Stafford <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>: 120 million year <span class="hlt">fault</span> movement history of northern Virginia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Powars, David S.; Catchings, Rufus D.; Horton, J. Wright; Schindler, J. Stephen; Pavich, Milan J.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The Stafford <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, located in the mid-Atlantic coastal plain of the eastern United States, provides the most complete record of <span class="hlt">fault</span> movement during the past ~120 m.y. across the Virginia, Washington, District of Columbia (D.C.), and Maryland region, including displacement of Pleistocene terrace gravels. The Stafford <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> is close to and aligned with the Piedmont Spotsylvania and Long Branch <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones. The dominant southwest-northeast trend of strong shaking from the 23 August 2011, moment magnitude Mw 5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake is consistent with the connectivity of these <span class="hlt">faults</span>, as seismic energy appears to have traveled along the documented and proposed extensions of the Stafford <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> into the Washington, D.C., area. Some other <span class="hlt">faults</span> documented in the nearby coastal plain are clearly rooted in crystalline basement <span class="hlt">faults</span>, especially along terrane boundaries. These coastal plain <span class="hlt">faults</span> are commonly assumed to have undergone relatively uniform movement through time, with average slip rates from 0.3 to 1.5 m/m.y. However, there were higher rates during the Paleocene–early Eocene and the Pliocene (4.4–27.4 m/m.y), suggesting that slip occurred primarily during large earthquakes. Further investigation of the Stafford <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> is needed to understand potential earthquake hazards for the Virginia, Maryland, and Washington, D.C., area. The combined Stafford <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> and aligned Piedmont <span class="hlt">faults</span> are ~180 km long, so if the combined <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> ruptured in a single event, it would result in a significantly larger magnitude earthquake than the Mineral earthquake. Many structures most strongly affected during the Mineral earthquake are along or near the Stafford <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> and its proposed northeastward extension.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.T11E2952B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.T11E2952B"><span>Tectonic geomorphology of large normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> bounding the Cuzco rift basin within the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Peruvian Andes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Byers, C.; Mann, P.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The Cuzco basin forms a 80-wide, relatively flat valley within the High Andes of <span class="hlt">southern</span> Peru. This larger basin includes the regional capital of Cuzco and the Urubamba Valley, or "Sacred Valley of the Incas" favored by the Incas for its mild climate and broader expanses of less rugged and arable land. The valley is bounded on its northern edge by a 100-km-long and 10-km-wide zone of down-to-the-south <span class="hlt">systems</span> of normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> that separate the lower area of the down-dropped plateau of central Peru and the more elevated area of the Eastern Cordillera foldbelt that overthrusts the Amazon lowlands to the east. Previous workers have shown that the normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> are dipslip with up to 600 m of measured displacements, reflect north-south extension, and have Holocene displacments with some linked to destructive, historical earthquakes. We have constructed topographic and structural cross sections across the entire area to demonstrate the normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> on a the plateau peneplain. The footwall of the Eastern Cordillera, capped by snowcapped peaks in excess of 6 km, tilts a peneplain surface northward while the hanging wall of the Cuzco basin is radially arched. Erosion is accelerated along the trend of the normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. As the normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone changes its strike from east-west to more more northwest-southeast, normal displacement decreases and is replaced by a left-lateral strike-slip component.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT.......173A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT.......173A"><span>Gravity constraints on the geometry of the Big Bend of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Carrizo Plains and Pine Mountain egion</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Altintas, Ali Can</p> <p></p> <p>The goal of this project is to combine gravity measurements with geologic observations to better understand the "Big Bend" of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (SAF) and its role in producing hydrocarbon-bearing structures in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Central Valley of California. The SAF is the main plate boundary structure between the Pacific and North American plates and accommodates ?35 mm/yr of dextral motion. The SAF can be divided into three main parts: the northern, central and <span class="hlt">southern</span> segments. The boundary between the central and <span class="hlt">southern</span> segments is the "Big Bend", which is characterized by an ≈30°, eastward bend. This <span class="hlt">fault</span> curvature led to the creation of a series of roughly east-west thrust <span class="hlt">faults</span> and the transverse mountain ranges. Four high-resolution gravity transects were conducted across locations on either side of the bend. A total of 166 new gravity measurements were collected. Previous studies suggest significantly inclined dip angle for the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> in the Big Bend area. Yet, our models indicate that the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is near vertical in the Big Bend area. Also gravity cross-section models suggest that flower structures occur on either side of the bend. These structures are dominated by sedimentary rocks in the north and igneous rocks in the south. The two northern transects in the Carrizo plains have an ≈-70 mgal Bouguer anomaly. The SAF has a strike of ≈315° near these transects. The northern transects are characterized by multiple <span class="hlt">fault</span> strands which cut marine and terrestrial Miocene sedimentary rocks as well as Quaternary alluvial valley deposits. These <span class="hlt">fault</span> strands are characterized by ?6 mgal short wavelength variations in the Bouguer gravity anomaly, which correspond to low density <span class="hlt">fault</span> gouge and <span class="hlt">fault</span> splays that juxtapose rocks of varying densities. The <span class="hlt">southern</span> transects cross part of the SAF with a strike of 285°, have a Bouguer anomaly of ≈-50 mgal and are characterized by a broad 15 mgal high. At this location the rocks on</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMIN13C1508D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMIN13C1508D"><span>Using UAVSAR to Estimate Creep Along the Superstition Hills <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Donnellan, A.; Parker, J. W.; Pierce, M.; Wang, J.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>UAVSAR data were first acquired over the Salton Trough region, just north of the Mexican border in October 2009. Second passes of data were acquired on 12 and 13 April 2010, about one week following the 5 April 2010 M 7.2 El Mayor - Cucapah earthquake. The earthquake resulted in creep on several <span class="hlt">faults</span> north of the main rupture, including the Yuha, Imperial, and Superstition Hills <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The UAVSAR platform acquires data about every six meters in swaths about 15 km wide. Tropospheric effects and residual aircraft motion contribute to error in the estimation of surface deformation in the Repeat Pass Interferometry products. The Superstition Hills <span class="hlt">fault</span> shows clearly in the associated radar interferogram; however, error in the data product makes it difficult to infer deformation from long profiles that cross the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Using the QuakeSim InSAR Profile tool we extracted line of site profiles on either side of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> delineated in the interferogram. We were able to remove much of the correlated error by differencing profiles 250 m on either side of the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The result shows right-lateral creep of 1.5±.4 mm along the northern 7 km of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the interferogram. The amount of creep abruptly changes to 8.4±.4 mm of right lateral creep along at least 9 km of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> covered in the image to the south. The transition occurs within less than 100 m along the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. We also extracted 2 km long line of site profiles perpendicular to this section of the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Averaging these profiles shows a step across the <span class="hlt">fault</span> of 14.9±.3 mm with greater creep on the order of 20 mm on the northern two profiles and lower creep of about 10 mm on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> two profiles. Nearby GPS stations P503 and P493 are consistent with this result. They also confirm that the creep event occurred at the time of the El Mayor - Cucapah earthquake. By removing regional deformation resulting from the main rupture we were able to invert for the depth of creep from the surface. Results indicate</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19850035686&hterms=Polling&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DPolling','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19850035686&hterms=Polling&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DPolling"><span>Ultrareliable <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant control <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Webster, L. D.; Slykhouse, R. A.; Booth, L. A., Jr.; Carson, T. M.; Davis, G. J.; Howard, J. C.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>It is demonstrated that <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant computer <span class="hlt">systems</span>, such as on the Shuttles, based on redundant, independent operation are a viable alternative in <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant <span class="hlt">system</span> designs. The ultrareliable <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant control <span class="hlt">system</span> (UFTCS) was developed and tested in laboratory simulations of an UH-1H helicopter. UFTCS includes asymptotically stable independent control elements in a parallel, cross-linked <span class="hlt">system</span> environment. Static redundancy provides the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance. A polling is performed among the computers, with results allowing for time-delay channel variations with tight bounds. When compared with the laboratory and actual flight data for the helicopter, the probability of a <span class="hlt">fault</span> was, for the first 10 hr of flight given a quintuple computer redundancy, found to be 1 in 290 billion. Two weeks of untended Space Station operations would experience a <span class="hlt">fault</span> probability of 1 in 24 million. Techniques for avoiding channel divergence problems are identified.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMOS21A1941W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMOS21A1941W"><span>High-resolution Geophysical Constraints on <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Structure and Morphology in the Catalina Basin, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California Inner Continental Borderland</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Walton, M. A. L.; Roland, E. C.; Brothers, D. S.; Kluesner, J.; Maier, K. L.; Conrad, J. E.; Hart, P. E.; Balster-Gee, A. F.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Southern</span> California's Inner Continental Borderland, offshore of Los Angeles and San Diego, contains a complex arrangement of basins, ridges, and active <span class="hlt">faults</span> that present seismic hazards to the region. In 2014 and 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey and University of Washington collected new geophysical data throughout the Catalina Basin (CB), including multibeam bathymetry, Chirp sub-bottom profiles, and more than 2000 line-km of high-resolution multi-channel seismic reflection profiles. These data provide the first detailed imaging of the San Clemente and Catalina <span class="hlt">faults</span>, which border the CB. We now have improved constraints on the seabed morphology, <span class="hlt">fault</span> structure, and deformation history along significant length of the San Clemente and Catalina <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span>, as well as insights into sediment deposition and basin development in the CB since the late Miocene. New multibeam data image the Catalina <span class="hlt">Fault</span> as a continuous linear seafloor feature along the base of Catalina Island, and subsurface imaging indicates dominantly strike-slip motion. We also image the San Clemente <span class="hlt">Fault</span> as a straight lineament along the seafloor downslope of San Clemente Island; the <span class="hlt">fault</span> offsets several gullies and ridges, suggesting recent strike-slip motion. In the northwest region of the CB, the San Clemente <span class="hlt">Fault</span>'s main trace splits into several transpressional splays, as indicated by a series of uplifted, <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bounded blocks. Growth strata throughout the CB suggest that oblique transform motion along the Catalina and San Clemente <span class="hlt">faults</span> has affected regional sedimentation patterns and depocenters over time, providing a fundamental control on sediment distribution within the CB. Buried folds, <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and unconformities within basin strata, including a prominent surface that is likely late Miocene based on regional geology, indicate multiple episodes of deformation throughout the CB's history.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.G43B0948N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.G43B0948N"><span>An integrated geodetic and seismic study of the Cusco <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> in the Cusco Region-<span class="hlt">Southern</span> Peru</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Norabuena, E. O.; Tavera, H. J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The Cusco <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> is composed by six main <span class="hlt">faults</span> (Zurite, Tamboray, Qoricocha, Tambomachay, Pachatusan, and Urcos) extending in a NW-SE direction over the Cusco Region in southeastern Peru. From these, the Tambomachay is a normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> of 20 km length, strikes N120°E and bounds a basin filled with quaternary lacustrine and fluvial deposits. Given its 5 km distance to Cusco, an historical and Inca's archeological landmark, it represents a great seismic hazard for its more than 350,000 inhabitants. The Tambomachay <span class="hlt">fault</span> as well as the other secondary <span class="hlt">faults</span> have been a source of significant seismic activity since historical times being the more damaging ones the Cusco earthquakes of 1650, 1950 and more recently April 1986 (M 5.8). Previous geological studies indicate that at the beginning of the Quaternary the <span class="hlt">fault</span> showed a transcurrent mechanism leading to the formation of the Cusco basin. However, nowadays its mechanism is normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> and scarps up to 22m can be observed. We report the current dynamics of the Tambomachay <span class="hlt">fault</span> and secondary <span class="hlt">faults</span> based on seismic activity imaged by a network of 29 broadband stations deployed in the Cusco Region as well as the deformation field inferred from GPS survey measurements carried out between 2014 and 2016.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Tectp.703..135C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Tectp.703..135C"><span>Cenozoic extension along the reactivated Aurora <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> in the East Antarctic Craton</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cianfarra, Paola; Maggi, Matteo</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The East Antarctic Craton is characterized by major intracontinental basins and highlands buried under the 34 Ma East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Their formation remains a major open question. Paleozoic to Cenozoic intraplate extensional tectonic activity has been proposed for their development and in this work the latter hypothesis is supported. Here we focus on the Aurora Trench (AT) within the Aurora Subglacial Basin (latitude 75°-77°S, longitude 117°-118°E) whose origin is still poorly constrained. The AT is an over 150-km-long, 25-km-wide subglacial trough, elongated in the NNW-SSE direction. Geophysical campaigns allowed better definition of the AT physiography showing typical half-graben geometry. The rounded morphology of the western flank of the AT was simulated through tectonic numerical modelling. We consider the subglacial landscape to primarily reflect the locally preserved relict morphology of the tectonic processes affecting the interior of East Antarctica in the Cenozoic. The bedrock morphology was replicated through the activity of the listric Aurora Trench <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, characterized by a basal detachment at 34 km (considered the base of the crust according to available geophysical interpretations) and vertical displacements ranging between 700 and 300 m. The predicted displacement is interpreted as the (partial) reactivation of a weaker zone along a major Precambrian crustal-scale tectonic boundary. We propose that the Aurora Trench <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is the <span class="hlt">southern</span> continuation of the > 1000 km long Aurora <span class="hlt">Fault</span> independently recognized by previous studies. Together they form the Aurora <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>, a long lived tectonic boundary with poly-phased tectonic history within the EAC that bounds the eastern side of the Aurora Subglacial Basin. The younger Cenozoic reactivation of the investigated segment of the Aurora <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> relates to the intraplate propagation of far-field stresses associated to the plate-scale kinematics in the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Ocean.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T31A0605G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T31A0605G"><span>Investigating Strain Transfer Along the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span>: A Geomorphic and Geodetic Study of Block Rotation in the Eastern Transverse Ranges, Joshua Tree National Park, CA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Guns, K. A.; Bennett, R. A.; Blisniuk, K.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>To better evaluate the distribution and transfer of strain and slip along the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (SSAF) zone in the northern Coachella valley in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California, we integrate geological and geodetic observations to test whether strain is being transferred away from the SSAF <span class="hlt">system</span> towards the Eastern California Shear Zone through microblock rotation of the Eastern Transverse Ranges (ETR). The <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the ETR consist of five east-west trending left lateral strike slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> that have measured cumulative offsets of up to 20 km and as low as 1 km. Present kinematic and block models present a variety of slip rate estimates, from as low as zero to as high as 7 mm/yr, suggesting a gap in our understanding of what role these <span class="hlt">faults</span> play in the larger <span class="hlt">system</span>. To determine whether present-day block rotation along these <span class="hlt">faults</span> is contributing to strain transfer in the region, we are applying 10Be surface exposure dating methods to observed offset channel and alluvial fan deposits in order to estimate <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip rates along two <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the ETR. We present observations of offset geomorphic landforms using field mapping and LiDAR data at three sites along the Blue Cut <span class="hlt">Fault</span> and one site along the Smoke Tree Wash <span class="hlt">Fault</span> in Joshua Tree National Park which indicate recent Quaternary <span class="hlt">fault</span> activity. Initial results of site mapping and clast count analyses reveal at least three stages of offset, including potential Holocene offsets, for one site along the Blue Cut <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, while preliminary 10Be geochronology is in progress. This geologic slip rate data, combined with our new geodetic surface velocity field derived from updated campaign-based GPS measurements within Joshua Tree National Park will allow us to construct a suite of elastic <span class="hlt">fault</span> block models to elucidate rates of strain transfer away from the SSAF and how that strain transfer may be affecting the length of the interseismic period along the SSAF.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730019520','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730019520"><span>Regional Tectonic Control of Tertiary Mineralization and Recent <span class="hlt">Faulting</span> in the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Basin-Range Province, an Application of ERTS-1 Data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bechtold, I. C.; Liggett, M. A.; Childs, J. F.</p> <p>1973-01-01</p> <p>Research based on ERTS-1 MSS imagery and field work in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Basin-Range Province of California, Nevada and Arizona has shown regional tectonic control of volcanism, plutonism, mineralization and <span class="hlt">faulting</span>. This paper covers an area centered on the Colorado River between 34 15' N and 36 45' N. During the mid-Tertiary, the area was the site of plutonism and genetically related volcanism fed by fissure <span class="hlt">systems</span> now exposed as dike swarms. Dikes, elongate plutons, and coeval normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> trend generally northward and are believed to have resulted from east-west crustal extension. In the extensional province, gold silver mineralization is closely related to Tertiary igneous activity. Similarities in ore, structural setting, and rock types define a metallogenic district of high potential for exploration. The ERTS imagery also provides a basis for regional inventory of small <span class="hlt">faults</span> which cut alluvium. This capability for efficient regional surveys of Recent <span class="hlt">faulting</span> should be considered in land use planning, geologic hazards study, civil engineering and hydrology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70029429','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70029429"><span>Pliocene transpressional modification of depositional basins by convergent thrusting adjacent to the "Big Bend" of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>: An example from Lockwood Valley, <span class="hlt">southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Kellogg, K.S.; Minor, S.A.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>The "Big Bend" of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the western Transverse Ranges of <span class="hlt">southern</span> California is a left stepping flexure in the dextral <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> and has long been recognized as a zone of relatively high transpression compared to adjacent regions. The Lockwood Valley region, just south of the Big Bend, underwent a profound change in early Pliocene time (???5 Ma) from basin deposition to contraction, accompanied by widespread folding and thrusting. This change followed the recently determined initiation of opening of the northern Gulf of California and movement along the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> at about 6.1 Ma, with the concomitant formation of the Big Bend. Lockwood Valley occupies a 6-km-wide, <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bounded structural basin in which converging blocks of Paleoproterozoic and Cretaceous crystalline basement and upper Oligocene and lower Miocene sedimentary rocks (Plush Ranch Formation) were thrust over Miocene and Pliocene basin-fill sedimentary rocks (in ascending order, Caliente Formation, Lockwood Clay, and Quatal Formation). All the pre-Quatal sedimentary rocks and most of the Pliocene Quatal Formation were deposited during a mid-Tertiary period of regional transtension in a crustal block that underwent little clockwise vertical-axis rotation as compared to crustal blocks to the south. Ensuing Pliocene and Quaternary transpression in the Big Bend region began during deposition of the poorly dated Quatal Formation and was marked by four converging thrust <span class="hlt">systems</span>, which decreased the areal extent of the sedimentary basin and formed the present Lockwood Valley structural basin. None of the thrusts appears presently active. Estimated shortening across the center of the basin was about 30 percent. The fortnerly defined eastern Big Pine <span class="hlt">fault</span>, now interpreted to be two separate, oppositely directed, contractional reverse or thrust <span class="hlt">faults</span>, marks the northwestern structural boundary of Lockwood Valley. The complex geometry of the Lockwood Valley basin is similar</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1715565V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1715565V"><span>Semi-automatic mapping of <span class="hlt">fault</span> rocks on a Digital Outcrop Model, Gole Larghe <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone (<span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alps, Italy)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vho, Alice; Bistacchi, Andrea</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>A quantitative analysis of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-rock distribution is of paramount importance for studies of <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone architecture, <span class="hlt">fault</span> and earthquake mechanics, and fluid circulation along <span class="hlt">faults</span> at depth. Here we present a semi-automatic workflow for <span class="hlt">fault</span>-rock mapping on a Digital Outcrop Model (DOM). This workflow has been developed on a real case of study: the strike-slip Gole Larghe <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone (GLFZ). It consists of a <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone exhumed from ca. 10 km depth, hosted in granitoid rocks of Adamello batholith (Italian <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alps). Individual seismogenic slip surfaces generally show green cataclasites (cemented by the precipitation of epidote and K-feldspar from hydrothermal fluids) and more or less well preserved pseudotachylytes (black when well preserved, greenish to white when altered). First of all, a digital model for the outcrop is reconstructed with photogrammetric techniques, using a large number of high resolution digital photographs, processed with VisualSFM software. By using high resolution photographs the DOM can have a much higher resolution than with LIDAR surveys, up to 0.2 mm/pixel. Then, image processing is performed to map the <span class="hlt">fault</span>-rock distribution with the ImageJ-Fiji package. Green cataclasites and epidote/K-feldspar veins can be quite easily separated from the host rock (tonalite) using spectral analysis. Particularly, band ratio and principal component analysis have been tested successfully. The mapping of black pseudotachylyte veins is more tricky because the differences between the pseudotachylyte and biotite spectral signature are not appreciable. For this reason we have tested different morphological processing tools aimed at identifying (and subtracting) the tiny biotite grains. We propose a solution based on binary images involving a combination of size and circularity thresholds. Comparing the results with manually segmented images, we noticed that major problems occur only when pseudotachylyte veins are very thin and discontinuous. After</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_7 --> <div id="page_8" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="141"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/openfile/details.cfml?Volume=584','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/openfile/details.cfml?Volume=584"><span>Geologic map and cross sections of the Embudo <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone in the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Taos Valley, Taos County, New Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Bauer, Paul W.; Kelson, Keith I.; Grauch, V.J.S.; Drenth, Benjamin J.; Johnson, Peggy S.; Aby, Scott B.; Felix, Brigitte</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">southern</span> Taos Valley encompasses the physiographic and geologic transition zone between the Picuris Mountains and the San Luis Basin of the Rio Grande rift. The Embudo <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone is the rift transfer structure that has accommodated the kinematic disparities between the San Luis Basin and the Española Basin during Neogene rift extension. The eastern terminus of the transfer zone coincides with the intersection of four major <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones (Embudo, Sangre de Cristo, Los Cordovas, and Picuris-Pecos), resulting in an area of extreme geologic and hydrogeologic complexities in both the basin-fill deposits and the bedrock. Although sections of the Embudo <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone are locally exposed in the bedrock of the Picuris Mountains and in the late Cenozoic sedimentary units along the top of the Picuris piedmont, the full proportions of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone have remained elusive due to a pervasive cover of Quaternary surficial deposits. We combined insights derived from the latest geologic mapping of the area with deep borehole data and high-resolution aeromagnetic and gravity models to develop a detailed stratigraphic/structural model of the rift basin in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Taos Valley area. The four <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> in the study area overlap in various ways in time and space. Our geologic model states that the Picuris-Pecos <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> exists in the basement rocks (Picuris formation and older units) of the rift, where it is progressively down dropped and offset to the west by each Embudo <span class="hlt">fault</span> strand between the Picuris Mountains and the Rio Pueblo de Taos. In this model, the Miranda graben exists in the subsurface as a series of offset basement blocks between the Ponce de Leon neighborhood and the Rio Pueblo de Taos. In the study area, the Embudo <span class="hlt">faults</span> are pervasive structures between the Picuris Mountains and the Rio Pueblo de Taos, affecting all geologic units that are older than the Quaternary surficial deposits. The Los Cordovas <span class="hlt">faults</span> are thought to represent the late Tertiary to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT.......116R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT.......116R"><span>Geology and structure of the North Boqueron Bay-Punta Montalva <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Roig Silva, Coral Marie</p> <p></p> <p>The North Boqueron Bay-Punta Montalva <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone is an active <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> that cuts across the Lajas Valley in southwestern Puerto Rico. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone has been recognized and mapped based upon detailed analysis of geophysical data, satellite images and field mapping. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone consists of a series of Cretaceous bedrock <span class="hlt">faults</span> that reactivated and deformed Miocene limestone and Quaternary alluvial fan sediments. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone is seismically active (ML < 5.0) with numerous locally felt earthquakes. Focal mechanism solutions and structural field data suggest strain partitioning with predominantly east-west left-lateral displacements with small normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> oriented mostly toward the northeast. Evidence for recent displacement consists of fractures and small normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> oriented mostly northeast found in intermittent streams that cut through the Quaternary alluvial fan deposits along the <span class="hlt">southern</span> margin of the Lajas Valley, Areas of preferred erosion, within the alluvial fan, trend toward the west-northwest parallel to the on-land projection of the North Boqueron Bay <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. Beyond the <span class="hlt">faulted</span> alluvial fan and southeast of the Lajas Valley, the Northern Boqueron Bay <span class="hlt">Fault</span> joins with the Punta Montalva <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. The Punta Montalva <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is defined by a strong topographic WNW lineament along which stream channels are displaced left laterally 200 meters and Miocene strata are steeply tilted to the south. Along the western end of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone in northern Boqueron Bay, the older strata are only tilted 3° south and are covered by flat lying Holocene sediments. Focal mechanisms solutions along the western end suggest NW-SE shortening, which is inconsistent with left lateral strain partitioning along the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. The limited deformation of older strata and inconsistent strain partitioning may be explained by a westerly propagation of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> from the southwest end. The limited geomorphic structural expression along the North Boqueron Bay <span class="hlt">Fault</span> segment</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1865g0010J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1865g0010J"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> detection and isolation for complex <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jing, Chan Shi; Bayuaji, Luhur; Samad, R.; Mustafa, M.; Abdullah, N. R. H.; Zain, Z. M.; Pebrianti, Dwi</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fault</span> Detection and Isolation (FDI) is a method to monitor, identify, and pinpoint the type and location of <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">fault</span> in a complex multiple input multiple output (MIMO) non-linear <span class="hlt">system</span>. A two wheel robot is used as a complex <span class="hlt">system</span> in this study. The aim of the research is to construct and design a <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Detection and Isolation algorithm. The proposed method for the <span class="hlt">fault</span> identification is using hybrid technique that combines Kalman filter and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The Kalman filter is able to recognize the data from the sensors of the <span class="hlt">system</span> and indicate the <span class="hlt">fault</span> of the <span class="hlt">system</span> in the sensor reading. Error prediction is based on the <span class="hlt">fault</span> magnitude and the time occurrence of <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Additionally, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is another algorithm used to determine the type of <span class="hlt">fault</span> and isolate the <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the <span class="hlt">system</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/content/84/3/806','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/content/84/3/806"><span>Slip triggered on <span class="hlt">southern</span> California <span class="hlt">faults</span> by the 1992 Joshua Tree, Landers, and big bear earthquakes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Bodin, Paul; Bilham, Roger; Behr, Jeff; Gomberg, Joan; Hudnut, Kenneth W.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>Five out of six functioning creepmeters on <span class="hlt">southern</span> California <span class="hlt">faults</span> recorded slip triggered at the time of some or all of the three largest events of the 1992 Landers earthquake sequence. Digital creep data indicate that dextral slip was triggered within 1 min of each mainshock and that maximum slip velocities occurred 2 to 3 min later. The duration of triggered slip events ranged from a few hours to several weeks. We note that triggered slip occurs commonly on <span class="hlt">faults</span> that exhibit <span class="hlt">fault</span> creep. To account for the observation that slip can be triggered repeatedly on a <span class="hlt">fault</span>, we propose that the amplitude of triggered slip may be proportional to the depth of slip in the creep event and to the available near-surface tectonic strain that would otherwise eventually be released as <span class="hlt">fault</span> creep. We advance the notion that seismic surface waves, perhaps amplified by sediments, generate transient local conditions that favor the release of tectonic strain to varying depths. Synthetic strain seismograms are presented that suggest increased pore pressure during periods of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-normal contraction may be responsible for triggered slip, since maximum dextral shear strain transients correspond to times of maximum <span class="hlt">fault</span>-normal contraction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19980096374','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19980096374"><span>Multiple <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Isolation in Redundant <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Pattipati, Krishna R.; Patterson-Hine, Ann; Iverson, David</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fault</span> diagnosis in large-scale <span class="hlt">systems</span> that are products of modern technology present formidable challenges to manufacturers and users. This is due to large number of failure sources in such <span class="hlt">systems</span> and the need to quickly isolate and rectify failures with minimal down time. In addition, for <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant <span class="hlt">systems</span> and <span class="hlt">systems</span> with infrequent opportunity for maintenance (e.g., Hubble telescope, space station), the assumption of at most a single <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the <span class="hlt">system</span> is unrealistic. In this project, we have developed novel block and sequential diagnostic strategies to isolate multiple <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the shortest possible time without making the unrealistic single <span class="hlt">fault</span> assumption.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19990004612','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19990004612"><span>Multiple <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Isolation in Redundant <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Pattipati, Krishna R.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fault</span> diagnosis in large-scale <span class="hlt">systems</span> that are products of modem technology present formidable challenges to manufacturers and users. This is due to large number of failure sources in such <span class="hlt">systems</span> and the need to quickly isolate and rectify failures with minimal down time. In addition, for <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant <span class="hlt">systems</span> and <span class="hlt">systems</span> with infrequent opportunity for maintenance (e.g., Hubble telescope, space station), the assumption of at most a single <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the <span class="hlt">system</span> is unrealistic. In this project, we have developed novel block and sequential diagnostic strategies to isolate multiple <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the shortest possible time without making the unrealistic single <span class="hlt">fault</span> assumption.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1815142M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1815142M"><span>Semi-automatic mapping of <span class="hlt">fault</span> rocks on a Digital Outcrop Model, Gole Larghe <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone (<span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alps, Italy)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mittempergher, Silvia; Vho, Alice; Bistacchi, Andrea</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>A quantitative analysis of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-rock distribution in outcrops of exhumed <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones is of fundamental importance for studies of <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone architecture, <span class="hlt">fault</span> and earthquake mechanics, and fluid circulation. We present a semi-automatic workflow for <span class="hlt">fault</span>-rock mapping on a Digital Outcrop Model (DOM), developed on the Gole Larghe <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone (GLFZ), a well exposed strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the Adamello batholith (Italian <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alps). The GLFZ has been exhumed from ca. 8-10 km depth, and consists of hundreds of individual seismogenic slip surfaces lined by green cataclasites (crushed wall rocks cemented by the hydrothermal epidote and K-feldspar) and black pseudotachylytes (solidified frictional melts, considered as a marker for seismic slip). A digital model of selected outcrop exposures was reconstructed with photogrammetric techniques, using a large number of high resolution digital photographs processed with VisualSFM software. The resulting DOM has a resolution up to 0.2 mm/pixel. Most of the outcrop was imaged using images each one covering a 1 x 1 m2 area, while selected structural features, such as sidewall ripouts or stepovers, were covered with higher-resolution images covering 30 x 40 cm2 areas.Image processing algorithms were preliminarily tested using the ImageJ-Fiji package, then a workflow in Matlab was developed to process a large collection of images sequentially. Particularly in detailed 30 x 40 cm images, cataclasites and hydrothermal veins were successfully identified using spectral analysis in RGB and HSV color spaces. This allows mapping the network of cataclasites and veins which provided the pathway for hydrothermal fluid circulation, and also the volume of mineralization, since we are able to measure the thickness of cataclasites and veins on the outcrop surface. The spectral signature of pseudotachylyte veins is indistinguishable from that of biotite grains in the wall rock (tonalite), so we tested morphological analysis tools to discriminate</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T12A..07Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T12A..07Y"><span>Stress Study on <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Segment of Longmenshan <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Constrained by Focal Mechanism Data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, Y.; Liang, C.; Su, J.; Zhou, L.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The Longmenshan <span class="hlt">fault</span> (LMSF) lies at the eastern margin of Tibetan plateau and constitutes the boundary of the active Bayankala block and rigid Sichuan basin. This <span class="hlt">fault</span> was misinterpreted as an inactive <span class="hlt">fault</span> before the great Wenchuan earthquake. Five years after the devastating event, the Lushan MS 7.0 stroke the <span class="hlt">southern</span> segment of the LMSF but fractured in a very limited scale and formed a seismic gap between the two earthquakes. In this study, we determined focal mechanisms of earthquakes with magnitude M≥3 from Jan 2008 to July 2014 in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> segment of LMSF, and then applied the damped linear inversion to derive the regional stress field based on the focal mechanisms. Focal mechanisms of 755 earthquakes in total were determined. We further used a damped linear inversion technique to produce a 2D stress map in upper crust in the study region. A dominant thrust regime is determined south of the seismic gap, with a horizontal maximum compression oriented in NWW-SEE. But in the area to the north of the seismic gap is characterized as a much more complex stress environment. To the west of the Dujiangyan city, there appear to be a seismic gap in the Pengguan complex. The maximum compressions show the anti-clockwise and clockwise patterns to the south and north of this small gap. Thus the small gap seems to be an asperity that causes the maximum compression to rotate around it. While combined the maximum compression pattern with the focal solutions of strong earthquakes (Mw≥5) in this region, two of those strong earthquakes located near the back-range-<span class="hlt">fault</span> have strikes parallel to the Miyaluo <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Considering a large amount of earthquakes in Lixian branch, the Miyaluo <span class="hlt">fault</span> may be extended to LMSF following the great Wenchuan earthquake. Investigations on the stress field of different depths indicate complex spatial variations. The Pengguan complex is almost aseismic in shallow depth in its central part. In deeper depth, the maximum compressions show</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T42A..06C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T42A..06C"><span>Long term <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> reorganization of convergent and strike-slip <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cooke, M. L.; McBeck, J.; Hatem, A. E.; Toeneboehn, K.; Beyer, J. L.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Laboratory and numerical experiments representing deformation over many earthquake cycles demonstrate that <span class="hlt">fault</span> evolution includes episodes of <span class="hlt">fault</span> reorganization that optimize work on the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. Consequently, the mechanical and kinematic efficiencies of <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> do not increase monotonically through their evolution. New <span class="hlt">fault</span> configurations can optimize the external work required to accommodate deformation, suggesting that changes in <span class="hlt">system</span> efficiency can drive <span class="hlt">fault</span> reorganization. Laboratory evidence and numerical results show that <span class="hlt">fault</span> reorganization within accretion, strike-slip and oblique convergent <span class="hlt">systems</span> is associated with increasing efficiency due to increased <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip (frictional work and seismic energy) and commensurate decreased off-<span class="hlt">fault</span> deformation (internal work and work against gravity). Between episodes of <span class="hlt">fault</span> reorganization, <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> may become less efficient as they produce increasing off <span class="hlt">fault</span> deformation. For example, laboratory and numerical experiments show that the interference and interaction between different <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments may increase local internal work or that increasing convergence can increase work against gravity produced by a <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. This accumulation of work triggers <span class="hlt">fault</span> reorganization as stored work provides the energy required to grow new <span class="hlt">faults</span> that reorganize the <span class="hlt">system</span> to a more efficient configuration. The results of laboratory and numerical experiments reveal that we should expect crustal <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> to reorganize following periods of increasing inefficiency, even in the absence of changes to the tectonic regime. In other words, <span class="hlt">fault</span> reorganization doesn't require a change in tectonic loading. The time frame of <span class="hlt">fault</span> reorganization depends on <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> configuration, strain rate and processes that relax stresses within the crust. For example, stress relaxation may keep pace with stress accumulation, which would limit the increase in the internal work and gravitational work so that</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19940000324&hterms=power+distribution&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dpower%2Bdistribution','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19940000324&hterms=power+distribution&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dpower%2Bdistribution"><span>Expert <span class="hlt">System</span> Detects Power-Distribution <span class="hlt">Faults</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Walters, Jerry L.; Quinn, Todd M.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>Autonomous Power Expert (APEX) computer program is prototype expert-<span class="hlt">system</span> program detecting <span class="hlt">faults</span> in electrical-power-distribution <span class="hlt">system</span>. Assists human operators in diagnosing <span class="hlt">faults</span> and deciding what adjustments or repairs needed for immediate recovery from <span class="hlt">faults</span> or for maintenance to correct initially nonthreatening conditions that could develop into <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Written in Lisp.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5125958-south-san-fernando-valley-fault-los-angeles-california-myth-reality','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5125958-south-san-fernando-valley-fault-los-angeles-california-myth-reality"><span>The south San Fernando Valley <span class="hlt">fault</span>, Los Angeles California: Myth or reality</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Slosson, J.E.; Phipps, M.B.; Werner, S.L.</p> <p>1993-04-01</p> <p>Based on related geomorphic and hydrogeologic evidence, the authors have identified the probable existence of a <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> and related Riedel <span class="hlt">faults</span> along the southerly side of the San Fernando Valley (SFV), Los Angeles, CA. This <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, which appears to be aligned along a series of pressure ridges, artesian springs and warm water wells, is termed the South SFV <span class="hlt">Fault</span> for the purpose of this study. The trace of this <span class="hlt">fault</span> is believed to roughly follow the <span class="hlt">southern</span> extent of the SFV near the northern base of the east-west trending Santa Monica Mountains. The SFV is a <span class="hlt">fault</span>-affected synclinalmore » structure bounded on the north, east, and west by well-recognized and documented <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span>. The <span class="hlt">southern</span> boundary of the SFV is defined by the complexly <span class="hlt">faulted</span> anticlinal structure of the bordering Santa Monica Mountains. This presentation will suggest that the <span class="hlt">southern</span> boundary of the SFV (syncline) is controlled by <span class="hlt">faulting</span> similar to the <span class="hlt">fault</span>-controlled north, east, and west boundaries. The authors believe that the trace of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> in the southeastern portion of the SFV has been somewhat modified and concealed by the erosion and deposition of coarse grained sediments derived from the vast granitic-metamorphic complex of the San Gabriel Mountains to the north, the major watershed, and in part by sediment derived from similar rock type to the east and southeast. The western half of the SFV has been largely filled with fine grained sediments derived from erosion of the surrounding sedimentary uplands. Further modification has occurred due to urbanization of the area. With reference to the <span class="hlt">fault</span>-affected boundaries on the west, north, and east sides of the SFV, these structures are all considered youthfall and capable of producing earthquakes as the SFF did in 1971. The south-bounding <span class="hlt">fault</span> may fall within a similar category. Accordingly, the authors believe that the proposed South SFV <span class="hlt">Fault</span> has been a tectonic feature since the Pliocene epoch.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMOS21A1938B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMOS21A1938B"><span>Subaqueous tectonic geomorphology along a 400 km stretch of the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>, southeastern Alaska</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brothers, D. S.; Ten Brink, U. S.; Andrews, B. D.; Kluesner, J.; Haeussler, P. J.; Watt, J. T.; Dartnell, P.; Miller, N. C.; Conrad, J. E.; East, A. E.; Maier, K. L.; Balster-Gee, A.; Ebuna, D. R.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Seismic and geodetic monitoring of active <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> does not typically extend beyond one seismic cycle, hence it is challenging to link the characteristics of individual earthquakes with long-term <span class="hlt">fault</span> behavior. A compelling place to examine such linkages is the right-lateral Queen Charlotte-Fairweather <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (QCFF), a 1200 km dextral strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> offshore southeastern Alaska and western British Columbia. The QCFF defines the North America-Pacific transform plate boundary and has experienced at least eight M>7 earthquakes in the last 130 years. During 2015-2016, the USGS conducted four high-resolution marine geophysical surveys (multibeam bathymetry, sparker multichannel seismic and Chirp) along a 400-km-long section of the QCFF from Icy Point to Noyes Canyon. The QCFF displays a nearly linear and continuous <span class="hlt">fault</span> trace from Icy Point to the <span class="hlt">southern</span> tip of Baranof Island, a distance of 315 km. Subtle changes in <span class="hlt">fault</span> strike, particularly the 200 km section <span class="hlt">fault</span> south of Sitka Sound, are associated with pull-apart basins and compressional pop-up structures. Bathymetric imagery provides stunning views of strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> morphology along the continental shelf-edge and slope, including linear <span class="hlt">fault</span> valleys and knife-edge lateral offset of submarine canyons, gullies, and ridges. We also observe pervasive evidence for small-scale (<1 km^2) submarine landslides along the margin and propose that they were seismically triggered. The glacially scoured <span class="hlt">southern</span> wall of the Yakobi Sea Valley, formed 17 ka, is offset 925±25 m by the QCFF, providing a late Pleistocene-present slip-rate estimate of approximately 54 mm/yr. This suggests nearly the entire plate boundary motion is localized to a single, relatively narrow <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. We also constructed and analyzed a catalog of lateral piercing points along the <span class="hlt">fault</span> to better understand long-term <span class="hlt">fault</span> behavior, particularly along segments that have generated large historical earthquakes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.6786A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.6786A"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> fluid evolution at the outermost edges of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Apennines fold-and-thrust belt, Italy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Agosta, Fabrizio; Belviso, Claudia; Cavalcante, Francesco; Vita Petrullo, Angela</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>This work focuses on the structural architecture and mineralization of a high-angle, extensional <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone that crosscuts the Middle Pleistocene tuffs and pyroclastites of the Vulture Volcano, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Italy. This <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone is topped by a few m-thick travertine deposit formed by precipitation, in a typical lacustrine depositional environment, from a <span class="hlt">fault</span> fluid that included a mixed, biogenic- and mantle-derived CO2. The detailed analysis of its different mineralization can shed new lights into the shallow crustal fluid flow that took place during deformation of the outer edge of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Apennines fold-and-thrust belt. In fact, the study <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone is interpreted as a shallow-seated, tear <span class="hlt">fault</span> associated with a shallow thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span> displacing the most inner portion of the Bradano foredeep basin infill, and was thus active during the latest stages of contractional deformation. Far from the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, the fracture network is made up of three high-angle joint sets striking N-S, E-W and NW-SE, respectively. The former two sets can be interpreted as the older structural elements that pre-dated the latter one, which is likely due to the current stress state that affects the whole Italian peninsula. In the vicinity of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, a fourth joint high-angle set striking NE-SW is also present, which becomes the most dominant fracture set within the study footwall <span class="hlt">fault</span> damage zone. Detailed X-ray diffraction analysis of the powder obtained from hand specimens representative of the multiple mineralization present within the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, and in the surrounding volcanites, are consistent with circulation of a <span class="hlt">fault</span> fluid that modified its composition with time during the latest stages of volcanic activity and contractional deformation. Specifically, veins infilled with and slickenside coated by jarosite, Opal A and/or goethite are found in the footwall <span class="hlt">fault</span> damage zone. Based upon the relative timing of formation of the aforementioned joint sets, deciphered after</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFM.G11A0769A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFM.G11A0769A"><span>New Constraints on Models for Time-Variable Displacement Rates on the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Anderson, M.; Bennett, R.; Matti, J.</p> <p>2004-12-01</p> <p>Existing geodetic, geomorphic, and geologic studies yield apparently conflicting estimates of <span class="hlt">fault</span> displacement rates over the last 1.5 m.y. in the greater San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> (SAF) <span class="hlt">system</span> of <span class="hlt">southern</span> California. Do these differences reflect biases in one or more of the inference methods, or is <span class="hlt">fault</span> displacement really temporally variable? Arguments have been presented for both cases. We investigate the plausibility of variable-rate <span class="hlt">fault</span> models by combining basin deposit provenance, <span class="hlt">fault</span> trenching, seismicity, gravity, and magnetic data sets from the San Bernardino basin. These data allow us to trace the path and broad timing of strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> displacements in buried basement rocks, which in turn allows us to test weather variable-<span class="hlt">fault</span> rate models fit the displacement path and rate data through the basin. The San Bernardino basin lies between the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span> (SJF) and the SAF. Isostatic gravity signatures show a 2 km deep graben centered directly over the modern strand of the SJF, whereas the basin is shallow and a-symmetric next to the SAF. This observation indicates that stresses necessary to create the basin have been centered on the SJF for most of the basin's history. Linear magnetic anomalies, used as geologic markers, are offset ˜25 km across the northernmost strands of the SJF, which matches offset estimations south of the basin. These offset anomalies indicate that the SJF and SAF are discrete <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> that do not directly interact south of the San Gabriel Mountains, therefore spatial slip variability combined with sparse sampling cannot explain the conflicting rate data. Furthermore, analyses of basin deposits indicate that movement on the SJF began between 1.3 to1.5 Ma, yielding an over-all average displacement rate in the range of 17 to 19 mm/yr, which is higher than some shorter-term estimates based on geodesy and geomorphology. Average displacement rates over this same time period for the San Bernardino strand of the SAF, on the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Tectp.671...42B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Tectp.671...42B"><span>A refinement of the chronology of rift-related <span class="hlt">faulting</span> in the Broadly Rifted Zone, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Ethiopia, through apatite fission-track analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Balestrieri, Maria Laura; Bonini, Marco; Corti, Giacomo; Sani, Federico; Philippon, Melody</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>To reconstruct the timing of rift inception in the Broadly Rifted Zone in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Ethiopia, we applied the fission-track method to basement rocks collected along the scarp of the main normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> bounding (i) the Amaro Horst in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Main Ethiopian Rift and (ii) the Beto Basin in the Gofa Province. At the Amaro Horst, a vertical traverse along the major eastern scarp yielded pre-rift ages ranging between 121.4 ± 15.3 Ma and 69.5 ± 7.2 Ma, similarly to two other samples, one from the western scarp and one at the <span class="hlt">southern</span> termination of the horst (103.4 ± 24.5 Ma and 65.5 ± 4.2 Ma, respectively). More interestingly, a second traverse at the Amaro northeastern terminus released rift-related ages spanning between 12.3 ± 2.7 and 6.8 ± 0.7 Ma. In the Beto Basin, the ages determined along the base of the main (northwestern) <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarp vary between 22.8 ± 3.3 Ma and 7.0 ± 0.7 Ma. We ascertain through thermal modeling that rift-related exhumation along the northwestern <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarp of the Beto Basin started at 12 ± 2 Ma while in the eastern margin of the Amaro Horst <span class="hlt">faulting</span> took place later than 10 Ma, possibly at about 8 Ma. These results suggest a reconsideration of previous models on timing of rift activation in the different sectors of the Ethiopian Rift. Extensional basin formation initiated more or less contemporaneously in the Gofa Province (~ 12 Ma) and Northern Main Ethiopian Rift (~ 10-12 Ma) at the time of a major reorganization of the Nubia-Somalia plate boundary (i.e., 11 ± 2 Ma). Afterwards, rift-related <span class="hlt">faulting</span> involved the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> MER (Amaro Horst) at ~ 8 Ma, and only later rifting seemingly affected the Central MER (after ~ 7 Ma).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27180025','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27180025"><span>Data-based <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant control for affine nonlinear <span class="hlt">systems</span> with actuator <span class="hlt">faults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xie, Chun-Hua; Yang, Guang-Hong</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>This paper investigates the <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant control (FTC) problem for unknown nonlinear <span class="hlt">systems</span> with actuator <span class="hlt">faults</span> including stuck, outage, bias and loss of effectiveness. The upper bounds of stuck <span class="hlt">faults</span>, bias <span class="hlt">faults</span> and loss of effectiveness <span class="hlt">faults</span> are unknown. A new data-based FTC scheme is proposed. It consists of the online estimations of the bounds and a state-dependent function. The estimations are adjusted online to compensate automatically the actuator <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The state-dependent function solved by using real <span class="hlt">system</span> data helps to stabilize the <span class="hlt">system</span>. Furthermore, all signals in the resulting closed-loop <span class="hlt">system</span> are uniformly bounded and the states converge asymptotically to zero. Compared with the existing results, the proposed approach is data-based. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2016 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IJC....90.2227Q','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IJC....90.2227Q"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span>-tolerant cooperative output regulation for multi-vehicle <span class="hlt">systems</span> with sensor <span class="hlt">faults</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Qin, Liguo; He, Xiao; Zhou, D. H.</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>This paper presents a unified framework of <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis and <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant cooperative output regulation (FTCOR) for a linear discrete-time multi-vehicle <span class="hlt">system</span> with sensor <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The FTCOR control law is designed through three steps. A cooperative output regulation (COR) controller is designed based on the internal mode principle when there are no sensor <span class="hlt">faults</span>. A sufficient condition on the existence of the COR controller is given based on the discrete-time algebraic Riccati equation (DARE). Then, a decentralised <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis scheme is designed to cope with sensor <span class="hlt">faults</span> occurring in followers. A residual generator is developed to detect sensor <span class="hlt">faults</span> of each follower, and a bank of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-matching estimators are proposed to isolate and estimate sensor <span class="hlt">faults</span> of each follower. Unlike the current distributed <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis for multi-vehicle <span class="hlt">systems</span>, the presented decentralised <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis scheme in each vehicle reduces the communication and computation load by only using the information of the vehicle. By combing the sensor <span class="hlt">fault</span> estimation and the COR control law, an FTCOR controller is proposed. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the FTCOR controller.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Geote..52..100G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Geote..52..100G"><span>Quaternary Activity of the Monastir and Grombalia <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">Systems</span> in the North‒Eastern Tunisia (Seismotectonic Implication)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ghribi, R.; Zaatra, D.; Bouaziz, S.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The Monastir and Grombalia <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> consist of three strands that the northern segment corresponds to Hammamet and Grombalia <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The <span class="hlt">southern</span> strand represents Monastir <span class="hlt">Fault</span> also referred to as the Skanes-Khnis <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. These NW-trends are observed continuously in the major outcropping features of north-eastern Tunisia including both the Cap Bon peninsula and the Sahel domain. Along the Hammamet <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, the north-eastern strand of Grombalia <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, left lateral drainage offset of amount 220 m is found in Fawara valley. To the South, the left lateral movement is occurred along the Monastir <span class="hlt">Fault</span> based on 180 m of Tyrrhenian terrace displacement. Field observations supported by satellite images suggest that the Monastir and Grombalia <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> appear to slip mostly laterally with components of normal dip slip. Assuming the development of the stream networks during the Riss-Würm interglacial (115000-125000 years) and the age of the Tyrrhenian terrace (121 ± 10 ka), the strike slip rates of the Hammamet and Monastir <span class="hlt">faults</span> are calculated in the range of 1.5-1.8 mm/yr. There vertical slip rates are estimated to be 0.06 and 0.26 mm/yr, respectively. These data are consistent with the displacement rate in the Pelagian shelf (1-2 mm/yr) but they are below the convergence rate of African-Eurasian plates (8 mm/yr). Our seismotectonics study reveals that a maximum earthquake of Mw = 6.5 could occur every 470 years in the Hammamet <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone and Mw = 6-every 263 years in the Monastir <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NHESS..18..829D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NHESS..18..829D"><span>Active tectonics of the onshore Hengchun <span class="hlt">Fault</span> using UAS DSM combined with ALOS PS-InSAR time series (<span class="hlt">Southern</span> Taiwan)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Deffontaines, Benoit; Chang, Kuo-Jen; Champenois, Johann; Lin, Kuan-Chuan; Lee, Chyi-Tyi; Chen, Rou-Fei; Hu, Jyr-Ching; Magalhaes, Samuel</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Characterizing active <span class="hlt">faults</span> and quantifying their activity are major concerns in Taiwan, especially following the major Chichi earthquake on 21 September 1999. Among the targets that still remain poorly understood in terms of active tectonics are the Hengchun and Kenting <span class="hlt">faults</span> (<span class="hlt">Southern</span> Taiwan). From a geodynamic point of view, the <span class="hlt">faults</span> affect the outcropping top of the Manila accretionary prism of the Manila subduction zone that runs from Luzon (northern Philippines) to Taiwan. In order to better locate and quantify the location and quantify the activity of the Hengchun <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, we start from existing geological maps, which we update thanks to the use of two products derived from unmanned aircraft <span class="hlt">system</span> acquisitions: (1) a very high precision (< 50 cm) and resolution (< 10 cm) digital surface model (DSM) and (2) a georeferenced aerial photograph mosaic of the studied area. Moreover, the superimposition of the resulting structural sketch map with new Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) results obtained from PALSAR ALOS images, validated by Global Positioning <span class="hlt">System</span> (GPS) and leveling data, allows the characterization and quantification of the surface displacements during the monitoring period (2007-2011). We confirm herein the geometry, characterization and quantification of the active Hengchun <span class="hlt">Fault</span> deformation, which acts as an active left-lateral transpressive <span class="hlt">fault</span>. As the Hengchun ridge was the location of one of the last major earthquakes in Taiwan (26 December 2006, depth: 44 km, ML = 7.0), Hengchun Peninsula active tectonics must be better constrained in order if possible to prevent major destructions in the near future.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27164617','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27164617"><span>Distributed <span class="hlt">Fault</span>-Tolerant Control of Networked Uncertain Euler-Lagrange <span class="hlt">Systems</span> Under Actuator <span class="hlt">Faults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Gang; Song, Yongduan; Lewis, Frank L</p> <p>2016-05-03</p> <p>This paper investigates the distributed <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant control problem of networked Euler-Lagrange <span class="hlt">systems</span> with actuator and communication link <span class="hlt">faults</span>. An adaptive <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant cooperative control scheme is proposed to achieve the coordinated tracking control of networked uncertain Lagrange <span class="hlt">systems</span> on a general directed communication topology, which contains a spanning tree with the root node being the active target <span class="hlt">system</span>. The proposed algorithm is capable of compensating for the actuator bias <span class="hlt">fault</span>, the partial loss of effectiveness actuation <span class="hlt">fault</span>, the communication link <span class="hlt">fault</span>, the model uncertainty, and the external disturbance simultaneously. The control scheme does not use any <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection and isolation mechanism to detect, separate, and identify the actuator <span class="hlt">faults</span> online, which largely reduces the online computation and expedites the responsiveness of the controller. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a test-bed of multiple robot-arm cooperative control <span class="hlt">system</span> is developed for real-time verification. Experiments on the networked robot-arms are conduced and the results confirm the benefits and the effectiveness of the proposed distributed <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant control algorithms.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_8 --> <div id="page_9" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="161"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V51C0363S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V51C0363S"><span>Soil gas anomalies along the Watukosek <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, East Java, Indonesia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sciarra, A.; Ruggiero, L.; Bigi, S.; Mazzini, A.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Two soil gas surveys were carried out in the Sidoarjo district (East Java, Indonesia) to investigate the gas leaking properties along fractured zones that coincide with a strike-slip <span class="hlt">system</span> in NE Java, the Watukosek <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>. This structure has been the focus of attention since the beginning of the spectacular Lusi mud eruption on the 29th May 2006. This <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> appear to be a sinistral strike-slip <span class="hlt">system</span> that originates from the Arjuno-Welirang volcanic complex, intersects the active Lusi eruption site displaying a <span class="hlt">system</span> of antithetic <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and extends towards the NE of Java where mud volcanic structures reside. In the Lusi region we completed two geochemical surveys (222Rn and 220Rn activity, CO2 and CH4 flux and concentration) along four profiles crossing the Watukosek <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. In May 2015 two profiles ( 1.2 km long) were performed inside the 7 km2 embankment area framing the erupted mud breccia zone and across regions characterized by intense fracturing and surface deformation. In April 2017 two additional profiles ( 4 km long) were carried out in the northern and <span class="hlt">southern</span> part outside the Lusi embankment mud eruption area, intersecting the direction of main Watukosek <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. All the profiles highlight that the fractured zones have the highest 222Rn activity, CO2 and CH4 flux and concentration values. The relationship existing among the measured parameters suggest that the Watukosek <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> acts as a preferential pathway for active rise of deep fluids. In addition the longer profiles outside the embankment show very high average values of CO2 (5 - 8 %,v/v) and 222Rn (17 - 11.5 kBq/m3), while soil gas collected along the profiles inside the Lusi mud eruption are CH4-dominant (up to 4.5%,v/v).This suggests that inside the embankment area (i.e. covered by tens of meters thick deposits of erupted mud breccia) the seepage is overall methane-dominated. This is likely the result of microbial reactions ongoing in the organic-rich sediments</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100036201','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100036201"><span>High-Intensity Radiated Field <span class="hlt">Fault</span>-Injection Experiment for a <span class="hlt">Fault</span>-Tolerant Distributed Communication <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Yates, Amy M.; Torres-Pomales, Wilfredo; Malekpour, Mahyar R.; Gonzalez, Oscar R.; Gray, W. Steven</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Safety-critical distributed flight control <span class="hlt">systems</span> require robustness in the presence of <span class="hlt">faults</span>. In general, these <span class="hlt">systems</span> consist of a number of input/output (I/O) and computation nodes interacting through a <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant data communication <span class="hlt">system</span>. The communication <span class="hlt">system</span> transfers sensor data and control commands and can handle most <span class="hlt">faults</span> under typical operating conditions. However, the performance of the closed-loop <span class="hlt">system</span> can be adversely affected as a result of operating in harsh environments. In particular, High-Intensity Radiated Field (HIRF) environments have the potential to cause random <span class="hlt">fault</span> manifestations in individual avionic components and to generate simultaneous <span class="hlt">system</span>-wide communication <span class="hlt">faults</span> that overwhelm existing <span class="hlt">fault</span> management mechanisms. This paper presents the design of an experiment conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center's HIRF Laboratory to statistically characterize the <span class="hlt">faults</span> that a HIRF environment can trigger on a single node of a distributed flight control <span class="hlt">system</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000SPIE.4010..136W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000SPIE.4010..136W"><span>Subaru FATS (<span class="hlt">fault</span> tracking <span class="hlt">system</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Winegar, Tom W.; Noumaru, Junichi</p> <p>2000-07-01</p> <p>The Subaru Telescope requires a <span class="hlt">fault</span> tracking <span class="hlt">system</span> to record the problems and questions that staff experience during their work, and the solutions provided by technical experts to these problems and questions. The <span class="hlt">system</span> records each <span class="hlt">fault</span> and routes it to a pre-selected 'solution-provider' for each type of <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The solution provider analyzes the <span class="hlt">fault</span> and writes a solution that is routed back to the <span class="hlt">fault</span> reporter and recorded in a 'knowledge-base' for future reference. The specifications of our <span class="hlt">fault</span> tracking <span class="hlt">system</span> were unique. (1) Dual language capacity -- Our staff speak both English and Japanese. Our contractors speak Japanese. (2) Heterogeneous computers -- Our computer workstations are a mixture of SPARCstations, Macintosh and Windows computers. (3) Integration with prime contractors -- Mitsubishi and Fujitsu are primary contractors in the construction of the telescope. In many cases, our 'experts' are our contractors. (4) Operator scheduling -- Our operators spend 50% of their work-month operating the telescope, the other 50% is spent working day shift at the base facility in Hilo, or day shift at the summit. We plan for 8 operators, with a frequent rotation. We need to keep all operators informed on the current status of all <span class="hlt">faults</span>, no matter the operator's location.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006JSG....28..654W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006JSG....28..654W"><span>A remote sensing study of active folding and <span class="hlt">faulting</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Kerman province, S.E. Iran</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Walker, Richard Thomas</p> <p>2006-04-01</p> <p>Geomorphological observations reveal a major oblique fold-and-thrust belt in Kerman province, S.E. Iran. The active <span class="hlt">faults</span> appear to link the Sabzevaran right-lateral strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> in southeast Iran to other strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> within the interior of the country and may provide the means of distributing right-lateral shear between the Zagros and Makran mountains over a wider region of central Iran. The Rafsanjan <span class="hlt">fault</span> is manifest at the Earth's surface as right-lateral strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarps and folding in alluvial sediments. Height changes across the anticlines, and widespread incision of rivers, are likely to result from hanging-wall uplift above thrust <span class="hlt">faults</span> at depth. Scarps in recent alluvium along the northern margins of the folds suggest that the thrusts reach the surface and are active at the present-day. The observations from Rafsanjan are used to identify similar late Quaternary <span class="hlt">faulting</span> elsewhere in Kerman province near the towns of Mahan and Rayen. No instrumentally recorded destructive earthquakes have occurred in the study region and only one historical earthquake (Lalehzar, 1923) is recorded. In addition GPS studies show that present-day rates of deformation are low. However, <span class="hlt">fault</span> structures in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Kerman province do appear to be active in the late Quaternary and may be capable of producing destructive earthquakes in the future. This study shows how widely available remote sensing data can be used to provide information on the distribution of active <span class="hlt">faulting</span> across large areas of deformation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Tectp.691..375V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Tectp.691..375V"><span>New constraints shed light on strike-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span> beneath the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Apennines (Italy): The 21 August 1962 Irpinia multiple earthquake</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vannoli, Paola; Bernardi, Fabrizio; Palombo, Barbara; Vannucci, Gianfranco; Console, Rodolfo; Ferrari, Graziano</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>On 21 August 1962 an earthquake sequence set off near the city of Benevento, in Italy's <span class="hlt">southern</span> Apennines. Three earthquakes, the largest having Mw 6.1, struck virtually the same area in less than 40 min (at 18:09, 18:19 and 18:44 UTC, respectively). Several historical earthquakes hit this region, and its seismic hazard is accordingly among the highest countrywide. Although poorly understood in the past, the seismotectonics of this region can be revealed by the 1962 sequence, being the only significant earthquake in the area for which modern seismograms are available. We determine location, magnitude, and nodal planes of the first event (18:09 UTC) of the sequence. The focal mechanism exhibits dominant strike-slip rupture along a north-dipping, E-W striking plane or along a west-dipping, N-S striking plane. Either of these solutions is significantly different from the kinematics of the typical large earthquakes occurring along the crest of the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Apennines, such as the 23 November 1980 Irpinia earthquake (Mw 6.9), caused by predominant normal <span class="hlt">faulting</span> along NW-SE-striking planes. The epicentre of the 21 August 1962, 18:09 event is located immediately east of the chain axis, near one of the three north-dipping, E-W striking oblique-slip sources thought to have caused one of the three main events of the December 1456 sequence (Io XI MCS), the most destructive events in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Apennines known to date. We maintain that the 21 August 1962, 18:09 earthquake occurred along the E-W striking <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> responsible for the southernmost event of the 1456 sequence and for two smaller but instrumentally documented events that occurred on 6 May 1971 (Mw 5.0) and 27 September 2012 (Mw 4.6), further suggesting that normal <span class="hlt">faulting</span> is not the dominant tectonic style in this portion of the Italian peninsula.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GeoJI.202..313K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GeoJI.202..313K"><span>5000 yr of paleoseismicity along the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Dead Sea <span class="hlt">fault</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Klinger, Y.; Le Béon, M.; Al-Qaryouti, M.</p> <p>2015-07-01</p> <p> with no significant earthquake along the entire <span class="hlt">southern</span> part of the Dead Sea <span class="hlt">fault</span>, between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba. We computed the Coefficient of Variation for our site and three other sites along the Dead Sea <span class="hlt">fault</span>, south of Lebanon, to compare time distribution of earthquakes at different locations along the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. With one exception at a site located next to Lake Tiberias, the three other sites are consistent to show some temporal clustering at the scale of few thousands years.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031071','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031071"><span>Deep <span class="hlt">faulting</span> and structural reactivation beneath the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Illinois basin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>McBride, J.H.; Leetaru, H.E.; Bauer, R.A.; Tingey, B.E.; Schmidt, S.E.A.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>The investigation of deep <span class="hlt">fault</span> structure and seismogenesis within "stable" continental interiors has been hindered by the paucity of detailed subsurface information and by low levels of seismicity. Outstanding seismotectonic questions for these areas include whether pre-existing structures govern the release of seismic energy as earthquakes, can reactivation of such structures be recognized, and to what extent have Precambrian basement structures exerted long-lived controls on the development of overlying Phanerozoic features. The <span class="hlt">southern</span> portion of the Illinois basin provides a premier area in which to study the relation between contemporary seismicity and pre-existing structures due to the frequency of seismic events, the concentration of available geophysical data, and the wealth of borehole information. We have integrated the study of this information in order to create a 2.5-dimensional picture of the earth for local seismogenic depths (0-15 km) for a study area of moderate 20th century earthquake activity. The area is located along the western flanks of two of the major structures within the Illinois basin, the Wabash Valley <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> (WVFS) and the La Salle anticlinal belt (LSA). The results of reprocessing seismic reflection profiles, combined with earthquake hypocenter parameters, suggest three distinct seismotectonic environments in the upper crust. First, we have delineated a <span class="hlt">fault</span> pattern that appears to correspond to the steep nodal plane of a strike-slip mechanism event (1974.04.03; mb = 4.7). The <span class="hlt">fault</span> pattern is interpreted to be a deeply buried rift zone or zone of intense normal <span class="hlt">faulting</span> underpinning a major Paleozoic depocenter of the Illinois basin (Fairfield basin). Second, a similar event (1987.06.10; mb = 5.2) and its well-located aftershocks define a narrow zone of deformation that occurs along and parallel to the frontal thrust of the LSA. Third, the hypocenter of the largest event in the study area (1968.11.09; mb = 5.5) may be</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SedG..332...13C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SedG..332...13C"><span>Depositional architecture of a mixed travertine-terrigenous <span class="hlt">system</span> in a <span class="hlt">fault</span>-controlled continental extensional basin (Messinian, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Tuscany, Central Italy)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Croci, Andrea; Della Porta, Giovanna; Capezzuoli, Enrico</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>The extensional Neogene Albegna Basin (<span class="hlt">Southern</span> Tuscany, Italy) includes several thermogene travertine units dating from the Miocene to Holocene time. During the late Miocene (Messinian), a continental <span class="hlt">fault</span>-controlled basin (of nearly 500-km2 width) was filled by precipitated travertine and detrital terrigenous strata, characterized by a wedge-shaped geometry that thinned northward, with a maximum thickness of nearly 70 m. This mixed travertine-terrigenous succession was investigated in terms of lithofacies types, depositional environment and architecture and the variety of precipitated travertine fabrics. Deposited as beds with thickness ranging from centimetres to a few decimetres, carbonates include nine travertine facies types: F1) clotted peloidal micrite and microsparite boundstone, F2) raft rudstone/floatstone, F3) sub-rounded radial coated grain grainstone, F4) coated gas bubble boundstone, F5) crystalline dendrite cementstone, F6) laminated boundstone, F7) coated reed boundstone and rudstone, F8) peloidal skeletal grainstone and F9) calci-mudstone and microsparstone. Beds of terrigenous deposits with thickness varying from a decimetre to > 10 m include five lithofacies: F10) breccia, F11) conglomerate, F12) massive sandstone, F13) laminated sandstone and F14) claystone. The succession recorded the following three phases of evolution of the depositional setting: 1) At the base, a northward-thinning thermogene travertine terraced slope (Phase I, travertine slope lithofacies association, F1-F6) developed close to the extensional <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, placed southward with respect to the travertine deposition. 2) In Phase II, the accumulation of travertines was interrupted by the deposition of colluvial fan deposits with a thickness of several metres (colluvial fan lithofacies association, F10 and F12), which consisted of massive breccias, adjacent to the alluvial plain lithofacies association (F11-F14) including massive claystone and sandstone and channelized</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.S11A2753L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.S11A2753L"><span>Earthquake relocation near the Leech River <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Vancouver Island</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, G.; Liu, Y.; Regalla, C.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The Leech River <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (LRF), a northeast dipping thrust, extends across the <span class="hlt">southern</span> tip of Vancouver Island in Southwest British Columbia, where local tectonic regime is dominated by the subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath the North American plate at the present rate of 40-50 mm/year. British Columbia geologic map (Geoscience Map 2009-1A) shows that this area also consists of many crosscutting minor <span class="hlt">faults</span> in addition to the San Juan <span class="hlt">Fault</span> north of the LRF. To investigate the seismic evidence of the subsurface structures of these minor <span class="hlt">faults</span> and of possible hidden active structures in this area, precise earthquake locations are required. In this study, we relocate 941 earthquakes reported by Canadian National Seismograph Network (CNSN) catalog from 2000 to 2015 within a 100km x 55km study area surrounding the LRF. We use HypoDD [Waldhauser, F., 2001] double-difference relocation method by combining P/S phase arrivals provided by the CNSN at 169 stations and waveform data with correlation coefficient values greater than 0.7 at 50 common stations and event separation less than 10km. A total of 900 out of the 931 events satisfy the above relocation criteria. Velocity model used is a 1-D model extracted from the Ramachandran et al. (2005) model. Average relative location errors estimated by the bootstrap method are 546.5m (horizontal) and 1128.6m (in depth). Absolute errors reported by SVD method for individual clusters are ~100m in both dimensions. We select 5 clusters visually according to their epicenters (see figure). Cluster 1 is parallel to the LRF and a thrust FID #60. Clusters 2 and 3 are bounded by two <span class="hlt">faults</span>: FID #75, a northeast dipping thrust marking the southwestern boundary of the Wrangellia terrane, and FID #2 marking the northern boundary. Clusters 4 and 5, to the northeast and northwest of Victoria respectively, however, do not represent the surface traces of any mapped <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The depth profile of Cluster 5 depicts a hidden northeast</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150015508','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150015508"><span>Advanced Ground <span class="hlt">Systems</span> Maintenance Functional <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Models For <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Isolation Project</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Perotti, Jose M. (Compiler)</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>This project implements functional <span class="hlt">fault</span> models (FFM) to automate the isolation of failures during ground <span class="hlt">systems</span> operations. FFMs will also be used to recommend sensor placement to improve <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation capabilities. The project enables the delivery of <span class="hlt">system</span> health advisories to ground <span class="hlt">system</span> operators.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.earthquakegeology.com/index.php?page=publications&s=6','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://www.earthquakegeology.com/index.php?page=publications&s=6"><span>Testing geomorphology-derived rupture histories against the paleoseismic record of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Scharer, Katherine M.; Weldon, Ray; Bemis, Sean</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Evidence for the 340-km-long Fort Tejon earthquake of 1857 is found at each of the high-resolution paleoseismic sites on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. Using trenching data from these sites, we find that the assemblage of dated paleoearthquakes recurs quasi-periodically (coefficient of variation, COV, of 0.6, Biasi, 2013) and requires ~80% of ruptures were shorter than the 1857 rupture with an average of Mw7.5. In contrast, paleorupture lengths reconstructed from preserved geomorphic offsets extracted from lidar are longer and have repeating displacements that are quite regular (COV=0.2; Zielke et al., 2015). Direct comparison shows that paleoruptures determined from geomorphic offset populations cannot be reconciled with dated paleoearthquakes. Our study concludes that the 1857 rupture was larger than average, average displacements must be < 5 m, and suggests that <span class="hlt">fault</span> geometry may play a role in <span class="hlt">fault</span> behavior.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70025485','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70025485"><span>Imaging the complexity of an active normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>: The 1997 Colfiorito (central Italy) case study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Chiaraluce, L.; Ellsworth, W.L.; Chiarabba, C.; Cocco, M.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Six moderate magnitude earthquakes (5 < Mw < 6) ruptured normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> sector of the North Apennine belt (central Italy) in the 1997 Colfiorito earthquake sequence. We study the progressive activation of adjacent and nearby parallel <span class="hlt">faults</span> of this complex normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> using ???1650 earthquake locations obtained by applying a double-difference location method, using travel time picks and waveform cross-correlation measurements. The lateral extent of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments range from 5 to 10 km and make up a broad, ???45 km long, NW trending <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. The geometry of each segment is quite simple and consists of planar <span class="hlt">faults</span> gently dipping toward SW with an average dip of 40??-45??. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> planes are not listric but maintain a constant dip through the entire seismogenic volume, down to 8 km depth. We observe the activation of <span class="hlt">faults</span> on the hanging wall and the absence of seismicity in the footwall of the structure. The observed <span class="hlt">fault</span> segmentation appears to be due to the lateral heterogeneity of the upper crust: preexisting thrusts inherited from Neogene's compressional tectonic intersect the active normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> and control their maximum length. The stress tensor obtained by inverting the six main shock focal mechanisms of the sequence is in agreement with the tectonic stress active in the inner chain of the Apennine, revealing a clear NE trending extension direction. Aftershock focal mechanisms show a consistent extensional kinematics, 70% of which are mechanically consistent with the main shock stress field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6577172-folding-associated-extensional-faulting-sheep-range-detachment-southern-nevada','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6577172-folding-associated-extensional-faulting-sheep-range-detachment-southern-nevada"><span>Folding associated with extensional <span class="hlt">faulting</span>: Sheep Range detachment, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Nevada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Guth, P.L.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>The Sheep Range detachment is a major Miocene extensional <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> of the Great Basin. Its major <span class="hlt">faults</span> have a scoop shape, with straight, N-S traces extending 15-30 km and then abruptly turning to strike E-W. Tertiary deformation involved simultaneous normal <span class="hlt">faulting</span>, sedimentation, landsliding, and strike-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span>. Folds occur in two settings: landslide blocks and drag along major <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Folds occur in landslide blocks and beneath them. Most folds within landslide blocks are tight anticlines, with limbs dipping 40-60 degrees. Brecciation of the folds and landslide blocks suggests brittle deformation. Near Quijinump Canyon in the Sheep Range, at least threemore » landslide blocks (up to 500 by 1500 m) slid into a small Tertiary basin. Tertiary limestone beneath the Paleozoic blocks was isoclinally folded. Westward dips reveal drag folds along major normal <span class="hlt">faults</span>, as regional dips are consistently to the east. The Chowderhead anticline is the largest drag fold, along an extensional <span class="hlt">fault</span> that offsets Ordovician units 8 km. East-dipping Ordovician and Silurian rocks in the Desert Range form the hanging wall. East-dipping Cambrian and Ordovician units in the East Desert Range form the foot wall and east limb of the anticline. Caught along the <span class="hlt">fault</span> plane, the anticline's west-dipping west limb contains mostly Cambrian units.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T43E3102H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T43E3102H"><span>Heterogeneous State of Stress and Seismicity Distribution Along the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California: New Insights into Rupture Terminations of Past Earthquakes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hauksson, E.; Ross, Z. E.; Yu, C.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (SAF) accommodates 80% of the plate motion between the Pacific and North America plates in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California. We image complex patterns of the state of stress, style of <span class="hlt">faulting</span>, and seismicity adjacent to the SAF, both along strike and away from the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. This complexity is not captured in previous one-dimensional profiles of stress orientations across the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. On average the maximum principal stress (S1) rotates from N30°E in central California, along the Cholame segment, to N0°-20°W along the Mojave and San Bernardino segments. Farther south, along the Coachella Valley segment the orientation is again N30°E. On a broad scale these changes in S1 orientation coincide with the more westerly strike of the SAF across the Mojave Desert but in detail they suggest significant variations in frictional coefficient or strength along strike. Similarly, on a more detailed scale, the size of the S1 rotations is spatially heterogeneous, with the largest rotations associated with the two bends in the SAF, at Gorman and Cajon Pass. In each location a major <span class="hlt">fault</span>, Garlock <span class="hlt">fault</span> and San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span>, intersects the SAF. In these intersected regions, the seismicity is more abundant and the S1 orientation is more likely to exhibit abrupt changes in trend by up to 10° across the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The GPS maximum principal strain rate orientations exhibit a similar but smoother pattern with mostly west of north orientations along the Mojave and San Bernardino segments. The style of <span class="hlt">faulting</span> as derived from stress inversion is similarly heterogeneous with a mixture of strike-slip and thrust <span class="hlt">faulting</span> forming complex spatial patterns. The D95% maximum depth of earthquakes changes abruptly both along and across the SAF suggesting that local variations in composition affect the maximum seismicity depth. The heterogeneity in the state of stress is not influenced by the average heat flow, which is similar along the whole length of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> SAF. The crustal</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1513937M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1513937M"><span>The role of <span class="hlt">fault</span> surface geometry in the evolution of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> deformation zone: comparing modeling with field example from the Vignanotica normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> (Gargano, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Italy).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Maggi, Matteo; Cianfarra, Paola; Salvini, Francesco</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p> cell, the acting stress and strength are computed by analytical laws (Coulomb failure). Total brittle deformation for each cell is then computed by cumulating the brittle failure values along the path of each cell belonging to one side onto the facing one. The brittle failure value is provided by the DF function, that is the difference between the computed shear and the strength of the cell at each step along its path by using the Frap in-house developed software. The width of the FC and the FDZ are computed as a function of the DF distribution and displacement around the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. This methodology has been successfully applied to model the brittle deformation pattern of the Vignanotica normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> (Gargano, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Italy) where fracture intensity is expressed by the dimensionless H/S ratio representing the ratio between the dimension and the spacing of homologous fracture sets (i.e., group of parallel fractures that can be ascribed to the same event/stage/stress field).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70021083','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70021083"><span>The San Gabriel mountains bright reflective zone: Possible evidence of young mid-crustal thrust <span class="hlt">faulting</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Ryberg, T.; Fuis, G.S.</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>During the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), a reflection/retraction survey was conducted along a line extending northeastward from Seal Beach, California, to the Mojave Desert, crossing the Los Angeles basin and San Gabriel Mountains. Shots and receivers were spaced most densely through the San Gabriel Mountains for the purpose of obtaining a combined reflection and refraction image of the crust in that area. A stack of common-midpoint (CMP) data reveals a bright reflective zone, 1-s thick, that dominates the stack and extends throughout most of the mid-crust of the San Gabriel Mountains. The top of this zone ranges in depth from 6 s (???18-km depth) in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Gabriel Mountains to 7.5 s (???23-km depth) in the northern San Gabriel Mountains. The zone bends downward beneath the surface traces of the San Gabriel and San Andreas <span class="hlt">faults</span>. It is brightest between these two <span class="hlt">faults</span>, where it is given the name San Gabriel Mountains 'bright spot' (SGMBS). and becomes more poorly defined south of the San Gabriel <span class="hlt">fault</span> and north of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The polarity of the seismic signal at the top of this zone is clearly negative, and our analysis suggests it represents a negative velocity step. The magnitude of the velocity step is approximately 1.7 km/s. In at least one location, an event with positive polarity can be observed 0.2 s beneath the top of this zone, indicating a thickness of the order of 500 m for the low-velocity zone at this location. Several factors combine to make the preferred interpretation of this bright reflective zone a young <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, possibly a 'master' decollement. (1) It represents a significant velocity reduction. If the rocks in this zone contain fluids, such a reduction could be caused by a differential change in fluid pressure between the caprock and the rocks in the SGMBS; near-lithostatic fluid pressure is required in the SGMBS. Such differential changes are believed to occur in the neighborhood of active <span class="hlt">fault</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19960052316&hterms=knowledge+power&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dknowledge%2Bpower','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19960052316&hterms=knowledge+power&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dknowledge%2Bpower"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> Diagnosis of Power <span class="hlt">Systems</span> Using Intelligent <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Momoh, James A.; Oliver, Walter E. , Jr.</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>The power <span class="hlt">system</span> operator's need for a reliable power delivery <span class="hlt">system</span> calls for a real-time or near-real-time Al-based <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis tool. Such a tool will allow NASA ground controllers to re-establish a normal or near-normal degraded operating state of the EPS (a DC power <span class="hlt">system</span>) for Space Station Alpha by isolating the <span class="hlt">faulted</span> branches and loads of the <span class="hlt">system</span>. And after isolation, re-energizing those branches and loads that have been found not to have any <span class="hlt">faults</span> in them. A proposed solution involves using the <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Diagnosis Intelligent <span class="hlt">System</span> (FDIS) to perform near-real time <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis of Alpha's EPS by downloading power transient telemetry at <span class="hlt">fault</span>-time from onboard data loggers. The FDIS uses an ANN clustering algorithm augmented with a wavelet transform feature extractor. This combination enables this <span class="hlt">system</span> to perform pattern recognition of the power transient signatures to diagnose the <span class="hlt">fault</span> type and its location down to the orbital replaceable unit. FDIS has been tested using a simulation of the LeRC Testbed Space Station Freedom configuration including the topology from the DDCU's to the electrical loads attached to the TPDU's. FDIS will work in conjunction with the Power Management Load Scheduler to determine what the state of the <span class="hlt">system</span> was at the time of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> condition. This information is used to activate the appropriate diagnostic section, and to refine if necessary the solution obtained. In the latter case, if the FDIS reports back that it is equally likely that the faulty device as 'start tracker #1' and 'time generation unit,' then based on a priori knowledge of the <span class="hlt">system</span>'s state, the refined solution would be 'star tracker #1' located in cabinet ITAS2. It is concluded from the present studies that artificial intelligence diagnostic abilities are improved with the addition of the wavelet transform, and that when such a <span class="hlt">system</span> such as FDIS is coupled to the Power Management Load Scheduler, a faulty device can be located and isolated</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AGUFMNG12B..05R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AGUFMNG12B..05R"><span>Computing and Visualizing the Complex Dynamics of Earthquake <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">Systems</span>: Towards Ensemble Earthquake Forecasting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rundle, J.; Rundle, P.; Donnellan, A.; Li, P.</p> <p>2003-12-01</p> <p>We consider the problem of the complex dynamics of earthquake <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span>, and whether numerical simulations can be used to define an ensemble forecasting technology similar to that used in weather and climate research. To effectively carry out such a program, we need 1) a topological realistic model to simulate the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>; 2) data sets to constrain the model parameters through a systematic program of data assimilation; 3) a computational technology making use of modern paradigms of high performance and parallel computing <span class="hlt">systems</span>; and 4) software to visualize and analyze the results. In particular, we focus attention of a new version of our code Virtual California (version 2001) in which we model all of the major strike slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> extending throughout California, from the Mexico-California border to the Mendocino Triple Junction. We use the historic data set of earthquakes larger than magnitude M > 6 to define the frictional properties of all 654 <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments (degrees of freedom) in the model. Previous versions of Virtual California had used only 215 <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments to model the strike slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California. To compute the dynamics and the associated surface deformation, we use message passing as implemented in the MPICH standard distribution on a small Beowulf cluster consisting of 10 cpus. We are also planning to run the code on significantly larger machines so that we can begin to examine much finer spatial scales of resolution, and to assess scaling properties of the code. We present results of simulations both as static images and as mpeg movies, so that the dynamical aspects of the computation can be assessed by the viewer. We also compute a variety of statistics from the simulations, including magnitude-frequency relations, and compare these with data from real <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19860026709&hterms=computer+Operating+systems&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dcomputer%2BOperating%2Bsystems','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19860026709&hterms=computer+Operating+systems&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dcomputer%2BOperating%2Bsystems"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span>-tolerant software - Experiment with the sift operating <span class="hlt">system</span>. [Software Implemented <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Tolerance computer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Brunelle, J. E.; Eckhardt, D. E., Jr.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>Results are presented of an experiment conducted in the NASA Avionics Integrated Research Laboratory (AIRLAB) to investigate the implementation of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant software techniques on <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant computer architectures, in particular the Software Implemented <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Tolerance (SIFT) computer. The N-version programming and recovery block techniques were implemented on a portion of the SIFT operating <span class="hlt">system</span>. The results indicate that, to effectively implement <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant software design techniques, <span class="hlt">system</span> requirements will be impacted and suggest that retrofitting <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant software on existing designs will be inefficient and may require <span class="hlt">system</span> modification.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70021300','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70021300"><span>Stress sensitivity of <span class="hlt">fault</span> seismicity: A comparison between limited-offset oblique and major strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Parsons, T.; Stein, R.S.; Simpson, R.W.; Reasenberg, P.A.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>We present a new three-dimensional inventory of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Francisco Bay area <span class="hlt">faults</span> and use it to calculate stress applied principally by the 1989 M = 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake and to compare <span class="hlt">fault</span> seismicity rates before and after 1989. The major high-angle right-lateral <span class="hlt">faults</span> exhibit a different response to the stress change than do minor oblique (right-lateral/thrust) <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Seismicity on oblique-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Santa Clara Valley thrust belt increased where the <span class="hlt">faults</span> were unclamped. The strong dependence of seismicity change on normal stress change implies a high coefficient of static friction. In contrast, we observe that <span class="hlt">faults</span> with significant offset (>50-100 km) behave differently; microseismicity on the Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span> diminished where right-lateral shear stress was reduced and where it was unclamped by the Loma Prieta earthquake. We observe a similar response on the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California after the Landers earthquake sequence. Additionally, the offshore San Gregorio <span class="hlt">fault</span> shows a seismicity rate increase where right-lateral/oblique shear stress was increased by the Loma Prieta earthquake despite also being clamped by it. These responses are consistent with either a low coefficient of static friction or high pore fluid pressures within the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones. We can explain the different behavior of the two styles of <span class="hlt">faults</span> if those with large cumulative offset become impermeable through gouge buildup; coseismically pressurized pore fluids could be trapped and negate imposed normal stress changes, whereas in more limited offset <span class="hlt">faults</span>, fluids could rapidly escape. The difference in behavior between minor and major <span class="hlt">faults</span> may explain why frictional failure criteria that apply intermediate coefficients of static friction can be effective in describing the broad distributions of aftershocks that follow large earthquakes, since many of these events occur both inside and outside major <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_9 --> <div id="page_10" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="181"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770020363','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770020363"><span>Intermittent/transient <span class="hlt">fault</span> phenomena in digital <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Masson, G. M.</p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p>An overview of the intermittent/transient (IT) <span class="hlt">fault</span> study is presented. An interval survivability evaluation of digital <span class="hlt">systems</span> for IT <span class="hlt">faults</span> is discussed along with a method for detecting and diagnosing IT <span class="hlt">faults</span> in digital <span class="hlt">systems</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T13C2540L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T13C2540L"><span>Three-thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> at the plate suture of arc-continent collision in the southernmost Longitudinal Valley, eastern Taiwan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lee, J.; Chen, H.; Hsu, Y.; Yu, S.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Active <span class="hlt">faults</span> developed into a rather complex three-thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> at the <span class="hlt">southern</span> end of the narrow Longitudinal Valley in eastern Taiwan, a present-day on-land plate suture between the Philippine Sea plate and Eurasia. Based on more than ten years long geodetic data (including GPS and levelling), field geological investigation, seismological data, and regional tomography, this paper aims at elucidating the architecture of this three-thrust <span class="hlt">system</span> and the associated surface deformation, as well as providing insights on <span class="hlt">fault</span> kinematics, slip behaviors and implications of regional tectonics. Combining the results of interseismic (secular) horizontal and vertical velocities, we are able to map the surface traces of the three active <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the Taitung area. The west-verging Longitudinal Valley <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (LVF), along which the Coastal Range of the northern Luzon arc is thrusting over the Central Range of the Chinese continental margin, braches into two active strands bounding both sides of an uplifted, folded Quaternary fluvial deposits (Peinanshan massif) within the valley: the Lichi <span class="hlt">fault</span> to the east and the Luyeh <span class="hlt">fault</span> to the west. Both <span class="hlt">faults</span> are creeping, to some extent, in the shallow surface level. However, while the Luyeh <span class="hlt">fault</span> shows nearly pure thrust type, the Lichi <span class="hlt">fault</span> reveals transpression regime in the north and transtension in the south end of the LVF in the Taitung plain. The results suggest that the deformation in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> end of the Longitudinal Valley corresponds to a transition zone from present arc-collision to pre-collision zone in the offshore SE Taiwan. Concerning the Central Range, the third major <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the area, the secular velocities indicate that the <span class="hlt">fault</span> is mostly locked during the interseismic period and the accumulated strain would be able to produce a moderate earthquake, such as the example of the 2006 M6.1 Peinan earthquake, expressed by an oblique thrust (verging toward east) with significant left-lateral strike slip</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20150008774&hterms=fundamentals+operating+system&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dfundamentals%2Boperating%2Bsystem','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20150008774&hterms=fundamentals+operating+system&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dfundamentals%2Boperating%2Bsystem"><span>Managing Space <span class="hlt">System</span> <span class="hlt">Faults</span>: Coalescing NASA's Views</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Muirhead, Brian; Fesq, Lorraine</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Managing <span class="hlt">faults</span> and their resultant failures is a fundamental and critical part of developing and operating aerospace <span class="hlt">systems</span>. Yet, recent studies have shown that the engineering "discipline" required to manage <span class="hlt">faults</span> is not widely recognized nor evenly practiced within the NASA community. Attempts to simply name this discipline in recent years has been fraught with controversy among members of the Integrated <span class="hlt">Systems</span> Health Management (ISHM), <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Management (FM), <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Protection (FP), Hazard Analysis (HA), and Aborts communities. Approaches to managing space <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">faults</span> typically are unique to each organization, with little commonality in the architectures, processes and practices across the industry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.S33A2747H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.S33A2747H"><span>Interseismic deformation and moment deficit along the Manila subduction zone and the Philippine <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hsu, Y. J.; Yu, S. B.; Loveless, J. P.; Bacolcol, T.; Woessner, J.; Solidum, R., Jr.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The Sunda plate converges obliquely with the Philippine Sea plate with a rate of ~100 mm/yr and results in the sinistral slip along the 1300 km-long Philippine <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Using GPS data from 1998 to 2013 as well as a block modeling approach, we decompose the crustal motion into multiple rotating blocks and elastic deformation associated with <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip at block boundaries. Our preferred model composed of 8 blocks, produces a mean residual velocity of 3.4 mm/yr at 93 GPS stations. Estimated long-term slip rates along the Manila subduction zone show a gradual southward decrease from 66 mm/yr at the northwest tip of Luzon to 60 mm/yr at the <span class="hlt">southern</span> portion of the Manila Trench. We infer a low coupling fraction of 11% offshore northwest Luzon and a coupling fraction of 27% near the subduction of Scarborough Seamount. The accumulated strain along the Manila subduction zone at latitudes 15.5°~18.5°N could be balanced by earthquakes with composite magnitudes of Mw 8.7 and Mw 8.9 based on a recurrence interval of 500 years and 1000 years, respectively. Estimates of sinistral slip rates on the major splay <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the Philippine <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> in central Luzon increase from east to west: sinistral slip rates are 2 mm/yr on the Dalton <span class="hlt">fault</span>, 8 mm/yr on the Abra River <span class="hlt">fault</span>, and 12 mm/yr on the Tubao <span class="hlt">fault</span>. On the <span class="hlt">southern</span> segment of the Philippine <span class="hlt">fault</span> (Digdig <span class="hlt">fault</span>), we infer left-lateral slip of ~20 mm/yr. The Vigan-Aggao <span class="hlt">fault</span> in northwest Luzon exhibits significant reverse slip of up to 31 mm/yr, although deformation may be distributed across multiple offshore thrust <span class="hlt">faults</span>. On the Northern Cordillera <span class="hlt">fault</span>, we calculate left-lateral slip of ~7 mm/yr. Results of block modeling suggest that the majority of active <span class="hlt">faults</span> in Luzon are fully locked to a depth of 15-20 km. Inferred moment magnitudes of inland large earthquakes in Luzon fall in the range of Mw 7.0-7.5 based on a recurrence interval of 100 years. Using the long-term plate convergence rate between the Sunda plate</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040139819','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040139819"><span>Abstractions for <span class="hlt">Fault</span>-Tolerant Distributed <span class="hlt">System</span> Verification</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Pike, Lee S.; Maddalon, Jeffrey M.; Miner, Paul S.; Geser, Alfons</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Four kinds of abstraction for the design and analysis of <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant distributed <span class="hlt">systems</span> are discussed. These abstractions concern <span class="hlt">system</span> messages, <span class="hlt">faults</span>, <span class="hlt">fault</span> masking voting, and communication. The abstractions are formalized in higher order logic, and are intended to facilitate specifying and verifying such <span class="hlt">systems</span> in higher order theorem provers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950018573','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950018573"><span>Software <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance in computer operating <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Iyer, Ravishankar K.; Lee, Inhwan</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>This chapter provides data and analysis of the dependability and <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance for three operating <span class="hlt">systems</span>: the Tandem/GUARDIAN <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant <span class="hlt">system</span>, the VAX/VMS distributed <span class="hlt">system</span>, and the IBM/MVS <span class="hlt">system</span>. Based on measurements from these <span class="hlt">systems</span>, basic software error characteristics are investigated. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> tolerance in operating <span class="hlt">systems</span> resulting from the use of process pairs and recovery routines is evaluated. Two levels of models are developed to analyze error and recovery processes inside an operating <span class="hlt">system</span> and interactions among multiple instances of an operating <span class="hlt">system</span> running in a distributed environment. The measurements show that the use of process pairs in Tandem <span class="hlt">systems</span>, which was originally intended for tolerating hardware <span class="hlt">faults</span>, allows the <span class="hlt">system</span> to tolerate about 70% of defects in <span class="hlt">system</span> software that result in processor failures. The loose coupling between processors which results in the backup execution (the processor state and the sequence of events occurring) being different from the original execution is a major reason for the measured software <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance. The IBM/MVS <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance almost doubles when recovery routines are provided, in comparison to the case in which no recovery routines are available. However, even when recovery routines are provided, there is almost a 50% chance of <span class="hlt">system</span> failure when critical <span class="hlt">system</span> jobs are involved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0502/pdf/of01-502.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0502/pdf/of01-502.pdf"><span>Relationship of <span class="hlt">faults</span> in basin sediments to the gravity and magnetic expression of their underlying <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Baldyga, Christopher A.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Gravity and magnetic surveys were performed along the western flanks of the Santa Rita Mountain range located in southeastern Arizona to develop an understanding of the relationship between surface <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarps within the basin fill sediments and theirgeophysical response of the <span class="hlt">faults</span> at depth within the bedrock. Data were acquired for three profiles, one of them along the northern terrace of Montosa Canyon, and the other two along the northern and <span class="hlt">southern</span> terraces of Cottonwood Canyon. A total of 122 gravity stations were established as well as numerous magnetic data collected by a truckmounted cesium-vapor magnetometer. In addition, aeromagnetic data previously acquired were interpreted to obtain a geologically sound model, which produced a good fit to the data. Gravity anomalies associated with <span class="hlt">faults</span> exhibiting surface rupture were more pronounced than the respective magnetic anomalies. More credence was given to the gravity data when determining <span class="hlt">fault</span> structures and it was found in all three profiles that <span class="hlt">faults</span> at depth projected through alluvium at a steeper dip than the bedrock <span class="hlt">fault</span> indicating brittle behavior within the overlying sediments. The gravity data also detected a significant horst and graben structure within Cottonwood Canyon. The aeromagnetic data did not provide any insight into the response of the minor <span class="hlt">faults</span> but rather served to verify the regional response of the whole profile.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.S44B..06K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.S44B..06K"><span>Active Tectonics of Himalayan <span class="hlt">Faults</span>/Thrusts <span class="hlt">System</span> in Northern India on the basis of recent & Paleo earthquake Studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kumar, S.; Biswal, S.; Parija, M. P.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The Himalaya overrides the Indian plate along a decollement <span class="hlt">fault</span>, referred as the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT). The 2400 km long Himalayan mountain arc in the northern boundary of the Indian sub-continent is one of the most seismically active regions of the world. The Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) is characterized by an abrupt physiographic and tectonic break between the Himalayan front and the Indo-Gangetic plain. The HFT represents the <span class="hlt">southern</span> surface expression of the MHT on the Himalayan front. The tectonic zone between the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and the HFT encompasses the Himalayan Frontal <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> (HFFS). The zone indicates late Quaternary-Holocene active deformation. Late Quaternary intramontane basin of Dehradun flanked to the south by the Mohand anticline lies between the MBT and the HFT in Garhwal Sub Himalaya. Slip rate 13-15 mm/yr has been estimated on the HFT based on uplifted strath terrace on the Himalyan front (Wesnousky et al. 2006). An out of sequence active <span class="hlt">fault</span>, Bhauwala Thrust (BT), is observed between the HFT and the MBT. The Himalayan Frontal <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> includes MBT, BT, HFT and PF active <span class="hlt">fault</span> structures (Thakur, 2013). The HFFS structures were developed analogous to proto-thrusts in subduction zone, suggesting that the plate boundary is not a single structure, but series of structures across strike. Seismicity recorded by WIHG shows a concentrated belt of seismic events located in the Main Central Thrust Zone and the physiographic transition zone between the Higher and Lesser Himalaya. However, there is quiescence in the Himalayan frontal zone where surface rupture and active <span class="hlt">faults</span> are reported. GPS measurements indicate the segment between the <span class="hlt">southern</span> extent of microseismicity zone and the HFT is locked. The great earthquake originating in the locked segment rupture the plate boundary <span class="hlt">fault</span> and propagate to the Himalaya front and are registered as surface rupture reactivating the <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the HFFS.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1991/report.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1991/report.pdf"><span>Late Quaternary <span class="hlt">faulting</span> along the Death Valley-Furnace Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, California and Nevada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Brogan, George E.; Kellogg, Karl; Slemmons, D. Burton; Terhune, Christina L.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>The Death Valley-Furnace Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, in California and Nevada, has a variety of impressive late Quaternary neotectonic features that record a long history of recurrent earthquake-induced <span class="hlt">faulting</span>. Although no neotectonic features of unequivocal historical age are known, paleoseismic features from multiple late Quaternary events of surface <span class="hlt">faulting</span> are well developed throughout the length of the <span class="hlt">system</span>. Comparison of scarp heights to amount of horizontal offset of stream channels and the relationships of both scarps and channels to the ages of different geomorphic surfaces demonstrate that Quaternary <span class="hlt">faulting</span> along the northwest-trending Furnace Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone is predominantly right lateral, whereas that along the north-trending Death Valley <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone is predominantly normal. These observations are compatible with tectonic models of Death Valley as a northwest-trending pull-apart basin. The largest late Quaternary scarps along the Furnace Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, with vertical separation of late Pleistocene surfaces of as much as 64 m (meters), are in Fish Lake Valley. Despite the predominance of normal <span class="hlt">faulting</span> along the Death Valley <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, vertical offset of late Pleistocene surfaces along the Death Valley <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone apparently does not exceed about 15 m. Evidence for four to six separate late Holocene <span class="hlt">faulting</span> events along the Furnace Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone and three or more late Holocene events along the Death Valley <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone are indicated by rupturing of Q1B (about 200-2,000 years old) geomorphic surfaces. Probably the youngest neotectonic feature observed along the Death Valley-Furnace Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, possibly historic in age, is vegetation lineaments in southernmost Fish Lake Valley. Near-historic <span class="hlt">faulting</span> in Death Valley, within several kilometers south of Furnace Creek Ranch, is represented by (1) a 2,000-year-old lake shoreline that is cut by sinuous scarps, and (2) a <span class="hlt">system</span> of young scarps with free-faceted faces (representing several <span class="hlt">faulting</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Tectp.422..159M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Tectp.422..159M"><span>Active transfer <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone linking a segmented extensional <span class="hlt">system</span> (Betics, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Spain): Insight into heterogeneous extension driven by edge delamination</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Martínez-Martínez, José Miguel; Booth-Rea, Guillermo; Azañón, José Miguel; Torcal, Federico</p> <p>2006-08-01</p> <p>Pliocene and Quaternary tectonic structures mainly consisting of segmented northwest-southeast normal <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and associated seismicity in the central Betics do not agree with the transpressive tectonic nature of the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary in the Ibero-Maghrebian region. Active extensional deformation here is heterogeneous, individual segmented normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> being linked by relay ramps and transfer <span class="hlt">faults</span>, including oblique-slip and both dextral and sinistral strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> extend the hanging wall of an extensional detachment that is the active segment of a complex <span class="hlt">system</span> of successive WSW-directed extensional detachments which have thinned the Betic upper crust since middle Miocene. Two areas, which are connected by an active 40-km long dextral strike-slip transfer <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, concentrate present-day extension. Both the seismicity distribution and focal mechanisms agree with the position and regime of the observed <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The activity of the transfer zone during middle Miocene to present implies a mode of extension which must have remained substantially the same over the entire period. Thus, the mechanisms driving extension should still be operating. Both the westward migration of the extensional loci and the high asymmetry of the extensional <span class="hlt">systems</span> can be related to edge delamination below the south Iberian margin coupled with roll-back under the Alborán Sea; involving the asymmetric westward inflow of asthenospheric material under the margins.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.T13C2215C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.T13C2215C"><span>Continuation, south of Oaxaca City (<span class="hlt">southern</span> Mexico) of the Oaxaca-Juarez terrane boundary and of the Oaxaca <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. Based in MT, gravity and magnetic studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Campos-Enriquez, J. O.; Corbo, F.; Arzate-Flores, J.; Belmonte-Jimenez, S.; Arango-Galván, C.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>The Oaxaca <span class="hlt">Fault</span> represents Tertiary extensional reactivation of the Juarez shear zone constituting the boundary-suture between the Oaxaca and Juarez terranes (<span class="hlt">southern</span> Mexico). South of Oaxaca City, the <span class="hlt">fault</span> trace disappears and there are not clear evidences for its southward continuation at depth. The crust in <span class="hlt">southern</span> México has been studied through seismic refraction, and seismological and magnetotelluric (MT) studies. The refraction studies did not image the Oaxaca <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. However, previous regional MT studies suggest that the Oaxaca-Juarez terrane boundary lies to the east of the Zaachila and Mitla sub-basins, which implies sinistral displacement along the Donaji <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. Campos-Enriquez et al. (2009) established the shallow structure of the Oaxaca-Juarez terrane boundary based in detailed gravity and magnetic studies. This study enabled: 1) to establish the shallow structure of the composite depression comprising three N-S sub-basins: the northern Etla and <span class="hlt">southern</span> Zaachila sub-basins separated by the Atzompa sub-basin. According to the Oaxaca-Juarez terrane boundary is displaced sinistrally ca. 20 km along the E-W Donají <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, which defines the northern boundary of the Zaachila sub-basin. At the same time,, the Oaxaca <span class="hlt">Fault</span> may either continue unbroken southwards along the western margin of a horst in the Zaachila sub-basin or be offset along with the terrane boundary. This model implies that originally the suture was continuous south of the Donaji <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. A constraint for the accreation of the Oaxaca and Juarez terranes. Thirty MT soundings were done in the area of the Central Valleys, Oaxaca City (<span class="hlt">southern</span> Mexico). In particular we wanted to image the possible southward continuation of the Oaxaca <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. 22 Mt sounding are located along two NE-SW profiles to the northern and to the south of the City of Oaxaca. To the north of Oaxaca City, the electrical resistivity distribution obtained show a clear discontinuity across the superficial trace of the Oaxaca</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.T21B0406K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.T21B0406K"><span>Fragmented Landscapes in the San Gorgonio Pass Region: Insights into Quaternary Strain History of the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kendrick, K. J.; Matti, J. C.; Landis, G. P.; Alvarez, R. M.</p> <p>2006-12-01</p> <p>The San Gorgonio Pass (SGP) region is a zone of structural complexity within the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> that is characterized by (1) multiple strands of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (SAF), (2) intense and diverse microseismicity, (3) contraction within the SGP <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone (SGPfz), and (4) complex and diverse landforms - all a consequence of structural complications in the vicinity of the southeastern San Bernardino Mountains (SBM). Multiple strands of the SAF zone in the SGP region partition the landscape into discrete geomorphic/geologic domains, including: San Gorgonio Mountain (SGM), Yucaipa Ridge (YR), Kitching Peak (KP), Pisgah Peak (PP), and Coachella Valley (CV) domains. The morphology of each domain reflects the tectonic history unique to that region. Development of the SGP knot in the Mission Creek strand of the SAF (SAFmi) led to westward deflection of the SAFmi, juxtaposition of the KP, PP, and SGM domains, initiation of uplift of YR domain along thrust <span class="hlt">faults</span> in headwaters of San Gorgonio River, and development of the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. Slip on the SAF diminished as a result, thereby allowing integrated drainage <span class="hlt">systems</span> to develop in the greater SGP region. San Gorgonio River, Whitewater River, and Mission Creek are discrete drainages that transport sediment across the SGM, YR, PP, KP, and CV domains into alluvial <span class="hlt">systems</span> peripheral to the SGP region. There, depositional units (San Timoteo Formation, upper member, deformed gravels of Whitewater River) all contain clasts of SBM-type and San Gabriel Mountain-type basement, thus constraining slip on the SAF in the SGP region. Middle and late Pleistocene slip on the Mill Creek strand of the SAF (SAFm) in the SGP region has attempted to bypass the SGP knot, and has disrupted landscapes established during SAFmi quiescence. Restoration of right-slip on the SAFm is key to deciphering landscape history. Matti and others (1985, 1992) proposed that a bi-lobed alluvial deposit in the Raywood Flats area has been</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T21E..02M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T21E..02M"><span>Strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> propagation and linkage via work optimization with application to the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span>, California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Madden, E. H.; McBeck, J.; Cooke, M. L.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Over multiple earthquake cycles, strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> link to form through-going structures, as demonstrated by the continuous nature of the mature San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> in California relative to the younger and more segmented San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> nearby. Despite its immaturity, the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">system</span> accommodates between one third and one half of the slip along the boundary between the North American and Pacific plates. It therefore poses a significant seismic threat to <span class="hlt">southern</span> California. Better understanding of how the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">system</span> has evolved over geologic time and of current interactions between <span class="hlt">faults</span> within the <span class="hlt">system</span> is critical to assessing this seismic hazard accurately. Numerical models are well suited to simulating kilometer-scale processes, but models of <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> development are challenged by the multiple physical mechanisms involved. For example, laboratory experiments on brittle materials show that <span class="hlt">faults</span> propagate and eventually join (hard-linkage) by both opening-mode and shear failure. In addition, <span class="hlt">faults</span> interact prior to linkage through stress transfer (soft-linkage). The new algorithm GROW (GRowth by Optimization of Work) accounts for this complex array of behaviors by taking a global approach to <span class="hlt">fault</span> propagation while adhering to the principals of linear elastic fracture mechanics. This makes GROW a powerful tool for studying <span class="hlt">fault</span> interactions and <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> development over geologic time. In GROW, <span class="hlt">faults</span> evolve to minimize the work (or energy) expended during deformation, thereby maximizing the mechanical efficiency of the entire <span class="hlt">system</span>. Furthermore, the incorporation of both static and dynamic friction allows GROW models to capture <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip and <span class="hlt">fault</span> propagation in single earthquakes as well as over consecutive earthquake cycles. GROW models with idealized <span class="hlt">faults</span> reveal that the initial <span class="hlt">fault</span> spacing and the applied stress orientation control <span class="hlt">fault</span> linkage propensity and linkage patterns. These models allow the gains in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAESc.147..452C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAESc.147..452C"><span>Active tectonic deformation of the western Indian plate boundary: A case study from the Chaman <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Crupa, Wanda E.; Khan, Shuhab D.; Huang, Jingqiu; Khan, Abdul S.; Kasi, Aimal</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>Collision of the Eurasian and Indian plates has resulted in two spatially offset subduction zones, the Makran subduction zone to the south and the Himalayan convergent margin to the north. These zones are linked by a <span class="hlt">system</span> of left-lateral strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> known as the Chaman <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>, ∼1200 km, which spans along western Pakistan. Although this is one of the greatest strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span>, yet temporal and spatial variation in displacement has not been adequately defined along this <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. This study conducted geomorphic and geodetic investigations along the Chaman <span class="hlt">Fault</span> in a search for evidence of spatial variations in motion. Four study areas were selected over the span of the Chaman <span class="hlt">Fault</span>: (1) Tarnak-Rud area over the Tarnak-Rud valley, (2) Spinatizha area over the Spinatizha Mountain Range, (3) Nushki area over the Nushki basin, and (4) Kharan area over the northern tip of the Central Makran Mountains. Remote sensing data allowed for in depth mapping of different components and <span class="hlt">faults</span> within the Kohjak group. Wind and water gap pairs along with offset rivers were identified using high-resolution imagery and digital-elevation models to show displacement for the four study areas. The mountain-front-sinuosity ratio, valley height-to-width-ratio, and the stream-length-gradient index were calculated and used to determine the relative tectonic activity of each area. These geomorphic indices suggest that the Kharan area is the most active and the Tarnak-Rud area is the least active. GPS data were processed into a stable Indian plate reference frame and analyzed. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> parallel velocity versus <span class="hlt">fault</span> normal distance yielded a ∼8-10 mm/yr displacement rate along the Chaman <span class="hlt">Fault</span> just north of the Spinatizha area. InSAR data were also integrated to assess displacement rates along the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. Geodetic data support that ultra-slow earthquakes similar to those that strike along other major strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span>, such as the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>, are</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.G33B0658K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.G33B0658K"><span>Tectonic geomorphology and paleoseismology of strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> in Jamaica: Implications for distribution of strain and seismic hazard along the <span class="hlt">southern</span> edge of the Gonave microplate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Koehler, R. D.; Mann, P.; Brown, L. A.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>The east-west, left lateral strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> forming the <span class="hlt">southern</span> edge of the Gonave microplate crosses the110-km-long and 70-km-wide island of Jamaica. GPS measurements in the northeastern Caribbean are supportive of the microplate interpretation and indicate that ~ half of the Caribbean-North America left-lateral plate motion (8-14 mm/yr) is carried by the Plantain Garden (PGFZ) and associated <span class="hlt">faults</span> in Jamaica. We performed Neotectonic mapping of the Plantain Garden <span class="hlt">fault</span> along the <span class="hlt">southern</span> rangefront of the Blue Mountains and conducted a paleoseismic study of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> at Morant River. Between Holland Bay and Morant River, the <span class="hlt">fault</span> is characterized by a steep, faceted, linear mountain front, prominent linear valleys and depressions, shutter ridges, and springs. At the eastern end of the island, the PGFZ is characterized by a left-stepping <span class="hlt">fault</span> geometry that includes a major, active hot spring. The river cut exposure at Morant River exposes a 1.5-m-wide, sub-vertical <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone juxtaposing sheared alluvium and <span class="hlt">faulted</span> Cretaceous basement rocks. This section is overlain by an, unfaulted 3-m-thick fluvial terrace inset into a late Pleistocene terrace that is culturally modified. Upward <span class="hlt">fault</span> terminations indicate the occurrence of three paleoearthquakes that occurred prior to deposition of the flat lying inset terrace around 341-628 cal yr BP. At this time, our radiocarbon results suggest that we can rule out the PGFZ as the source of the 1907 Kingston earthquake 102 years ago, as well as, the 1692 event that destroyed Port Royal 317 years ago and produced a major landslide at Yallahs. Pending OSL ages will constrain the age of the penultimate and most recent ruptures. Gently to steeply dipping rocks as young as Pliocene exposed in roadcuts within the low coastal hills south of and parallel to the Plantain Garden <span class="hlt">fault</span> may indicate active folding and blind thrust <span class="hlt">faulting</span>. These structures are poorly characterized and may accommodate an unknown amount of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70024811','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70024811"><span>Geologic and paleoseismic study of the Lavic Lake <span class="hlt">fault</span> at Lavic Lake Playa, Mojave Desert, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Rymer, M.J.; Seitz, G.G.; Weaver, K.D.; Orgil, A.; Faneros, G.; Hamilton, J.C.; Goetz, C.</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>Paleoseismic investigations of the Lavic Lake <span class="hlt">fault</span> at Lavic Lake playa place constraints on the timing of a possible earlier earthquake along the 1999 Hector Mine rupture trace and reveal evidence of the timing of the penultimate earthquake on a strand of the Lavic Lake <span class="hlt">fault</span> that did not rupture in 1999. Three of our four trenches, trenches A, B, and C, were excavated across the 1999 Hector Mine rupture; a fourth trench, D, was excavated across a vegetation lineament that had only minor slip at its <span class="hlt">southern</span> end in 1999. Trenches A-C exposed strata that are broken only by the 1999 rupture; trench D exposed horizontal bedding that is locally warped and offset by <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Stratigraphic evidence for the timing of an earlier earthquake along the 1999 rupture across Lavic Lake playa was not exposed. Thus, an earlier event, if there was one along that rupture trace, predates the lowest stratigraphic level exposed in our trenches. Radiocarbon dating of strata near the bottom of trenches constrains a possible earlier event to some time earlier than about 4950 B.C. Buried <span class="hlt">faults</span> revealed in trench D are below a vegetation lineament at the ground surface. A depositional contact about 80 cm below the ground surface acts as the upward termination of <span class="hlt">fault</span> breaks in trench D. Thus, this contact may be the event horizon for a surface-rupturing earthquake prior to 1999-the penultimate earthquake on the Lavic Lake <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Radiocarbon ages of detrital charcoal samples from immediately below the event horizon indicate that the earthquake associated with the <span class="hlt">faulting</span> occurred later than A.D. 260. An approximately 1300-year age difference between two samples at about the same stratigraphic level below the event horizon suggests the potential for a long residence time of detrital charcoal in the area. Coupled with a lack of bioturbation that could introduce young organic material into the stratigraphic section, the charcoal ages provide only a maximum bounding age; thus, the recognized</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70024218','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70024218"><span>Spatial and temporal deformation along the northern San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span>, <span class="hlt">southern</span> California: Implications for slip rates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Kendrick, K.J.; Morton, D.M.; Wells, S.G.; Simpson, R.W.</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>The San Timoteo badlands is an area of uplift and erosional dissection that has formed as a result of late Quaternary uplift along a restraining bend in the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span>, of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California. This bend currently is located in a region where late Quaternary deposits and associated surfaces have formed in lower San Timoteo Canyon. We have used morphometric analysis of these surfaces, in conjunction with computer modeling of deformational patterns along the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span>, to reconstruct spatial and temporal variations in uplift along the bend. Morphometric techniques used include envelope/subenvelope mapping, a gradient-length index along channels, and denudation values. Age control is determined using a combination of thermoluminescence (TL) and near infrared optical simulation luminescence dating (IROSL) and correlation of soil-development indices. These approaches are combined with an elastic half-space model used to determine the deformation associated with the <span class="hlt">fault</span> bend. The region of modeled uplift has a similar distribution as that determined by morphometric techniques. Luminescence dates and soil-correlation age estimates generally agree. Based on soil development, surfaces within the study area were stabilized at approximately 300-700 ka for Q3, 43-67 ka for Q2, and 27.5-67 ka for Q1. Luminescence ages (both TL and IROSL) for the formation of the younger two surfaces are 58 to 94 ka for Q2 and 37 to 62 ka for Q1 (ages reported to 1?? uncertainty). Periods of uplift were determined for the surfaces in the study area, resulting in approximate uplift rates of 0.34 to 0.84 m/ka for the past 100 ka and 0.13 to 1.00 m/ka for the past 66 ka. Comparison of these rates of uplift to those generated by the model support a higher rate of lateral slip along the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span> than commonly assumed (greater than 20 mm/yr, as compared to 8-12 mm/yr commonly cited). This higher slip rate supports the proposal that a greater</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930012970','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930012970"><span>A <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant intelligent robotic control <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Marzwell, Neville I.; Tso, Kam Sing</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>This paper describes the concept, design, and features of a <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant intelligent robotic control <span class="hlt">system</span> being developed for space and commercial applications that require high dependability. The comprehensive strategy integrates <span class="hlt">system</span> level hardware/software <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance with task level handling of uncertainties and unexpected events for robotic control. The underlying architecture for <span class="hlt">system</span> level <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance is the distributed recovery block which protects against application software, <span class="hlt">system</span> software, hardware, and network failures. Task level <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance provisions are implemented in a knowledge-based <span class="hlt">system</span> which utilizes advanced automation techniques such as rule-based and model-based reasoning to monitor, diagnose, and recover from unexpected events. The two level design provides tolerance of two or more <span class="hlt">faults</span> occurring serially at any level of command, control, sensing, or actuation. The potential benefits of such a <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant robotic control <span class="hlt">system</span> include: (1) a minimized potential for damage to humans, the work site, and the robot itself; (2) continuous operation with a minimum of uncommanded motion in the presence of failures; and (3) more reliable autonomous operation providing increased efficiency in the execution of robotic tasks and decreased demand on human operators for controlling and monitoring the robotic servicing routines.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/12453','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/12453"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> management and <span class="hlt">systems</span> knowledge</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Pilots are asked to manage <span class="hlt">faults</span> during flight operations. This leads to the training question of the type and depth of <span class="hlt">system</span> knowledge required to respond to these <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Based on discussions with multiple airline operators, there is agreement th...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70160882','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70160882"><span>Crustal-scale tilting of the central Salton block, <span class="hlt">southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Dorsey, Rebecca; Langenheim, Victoria</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> (California, USA) provides an excellent natural laboratory for studying the controls on vertical crustal motions related to strike-slip deformation. Here we present geologic, geomorphic, and gravity data that provide evidence for active northeastward tilting of the Santa Rosa Mountains and <span class="hlt">southern</span> Coachella Valley about a horizontal axis oriented parallel to the San Jacinto and San Andreas <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The Santa Rosa <span class="hlt">fault</span>, a strand of the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, is a large southwest-dipping normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> on the west flank of the Santa Rosa Mountains that displays well-developed triangular facets, narrow footwall canyons, and steep hanging-wall alluvial fans. Geologic and geomorphic data reveal ongoing footwall uplift in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Santa Rosa Mountains, and gravity data suggest total vertical separation of ∼5.0–6.5 km from the range crest to the base of the Clark Valley basin. The northeast side of the Santa Rosa Mountains has a gentler topographic gradient, large alluvial fans, no major active <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and tilted inactive late Pleistocene fan surfaces that are deeply incised by modern upper fan channels. Sediments beneath the Coachella Valley thicken gradually northeast to a depth of ∼4–5 km at an abrupt boundary at the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>. These features all record crustal-scale tilting to the northeast that likely started when the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone initiated ca. 1.2 Ma. Tilting appears to be driven by oblique shortening and loading across a northeast-dipping <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>, consistent with the results of a recent boundary-element modeling study.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.S33A2819B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.S33A2819B"><span>Low-Frequency Earthquakes Associated with the Late-Interseismic Central Alpine <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alps, New Zealand</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Baratin, L. M.; Chamberlain, C. J.; Townend, J.; Savage, M. K.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Characterising the seismicity associated with slow deformation in the vicinity of the Alpine <span class="hlt">Fault</span> may provide constraints on the state of stress of this major transpressive margin prior to a large (≥M8) earthquake. Here, we use recently detected tremor and low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) to examine how slow tectonic deformation is loading the Alpine <span class="hlt">Fault</span> toward an anticipated large rupture. We initially work with a continous seismic dataset collected between 2009 and 2012 from an array of short-period seismometers, the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alps Microearthquake Borehole Array. Fourteen primary LFE templates are used in an iterative matched-filter and stacking routine. This method allows the detection of similar signals and establishes LFE families with common locations. We thus generate a 36 month catalogue of 10718 LFEs. The detections are then combined for each LFE family using phase-weighted stacking to yield a signal with the highest possible signal to noise ratio. We found phase-weighted stacking to be successful in increasing the number of LFE detections by roughly 20%. Phase-weighted stacking also provides cleaner phase arrivals of apparently impulsive nature allowing more precise phase and polarity picks. We then compute improved non-linear earthquake locations using a 3D velocity model. We find LFEs to occur below the seismogenic zone at depths of 18-34 km, locating on or near the proposed deep extent of the Alpine <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. Our next step is to estimate seismic source parameters by implementing a moment tensor inversion technique. Our focus is currently on generating a more extensive catalogue (spanning the years 2009 to 2016) using synthetic waveforms as primary templates, with which to detect LFEs. Initial testing shows that this technique paired up with phase-weighted stacking increases the number of LFE families and overall detected events roughly sevenfold. This catalogue should provide new insight into the geometry of the Alpine <span class="hlt">Fault</span> and the prevailing stress</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100028297','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100028297"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> Injection and Monitoring Capability for a <span class="hlt">Fault</span>-Tolerant Distributed Computation <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Torres-Pomales, Wilfredo; Yates, Amy M.; Malekpour, Mahyar R.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The Configurable <span class="hlt">Fault</span>-Injection and Monitoring <span class="hlt">System</span> (CFIMS) is intended for the experimental characterization of effects caused by a variety of adverse conditions on a distributed computation <span class="hlt">system</span> running flight control applications. A product of research collaboration between NASA Langley Research Center and Old Dominion University, the CFIMS is the main research tool for generating actual <span class="hlt">fault</span> response data with which to develop and validate analytical performance models and design methodologies for the mitigation of <span class="hlt">fault</span> effects in distributed flight control <span class="hlt">systems</span>. Rather than a fixed design solution, the CFIMS is a flexible <span class="hlt">system</span> that enables the systematic exploration of the problem space and can be adapted to meet the evolving needs of the research. The CFIMS has the capabilities of <span class="hlt">system</span>-under-test (SUT) functional stimulus generation, <span class="hlt">fault</span> injection and state monitoring, all of which are supported by a configuration capability for setting up the <span class="hlt">system</span> as desired for a particular experiment. This report summarizes the work accomplished so far in the development of the CFIMS concept and documents the first design realization.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70018494','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70018494"><span>Misinterpretation of lateral acoustic variations on high-resolution seismic reflection profiles as <span class="hlt">fault</span> offsets of Holocene bay mud beneath the <span class="hlt">southern</span> part of San Francisco Bay, California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Marlow, M. S.; Hart, P.E.; Carlson, P.R.; Childs, J. R.; Mann, D. M.; Anima, R.J.; Kayen, R.E.</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>We collected high-resolution seismic reflection profiles in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> part of San Francisco Bay in 1992 and 1993 to investigate possible Holocene <span class="hlt">faulting</span> along postulated transbay bedrock <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones. The initial analog records show apparent offsets of reflection packages along sharp vertical boundaries. These records were originally interpreted as showing a complex series of <span class="hlt">faults</span> along closely spaced, sharp vertical boundaries in the upper 10 m (0.013 s two-way travel time) of Holocene bay mud. A subsequent survey in 1994 was run with a different seismic reflection <span class="hlt">system</span>, which utilized a higher power source. This second <span class="hlt">system</span> generated records with deeper penetration (max. 20 m, 0.026 s two-way travel time) and demonstrated that the reflections originally interpreted as <span class="hlt">fault</span> offsets by <span class="hlt">faulting</span> were actually laterally continuous reflection horizons. The pitfall in the original interpretations was caused by lateral variations in the amplitude brightness of reflection events, coupled with a long (greater than 15 ms) source signature of the low-power <span class="hlt">system</span>. These effects combined to show apparent offsets of reflection packages along sharp vertical boundaries. These boundaries, as shown by the second <span class="hlt">system</span>, in fact occur where the reflection amplitude diminishes abruptly on laterally continuous reflection events. This striking lateral variation in reflection amplitude is attributable to the localized presence of biogenic(?) gas.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JPhCS.364a2002J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JPhCS.364a2002J"><span>Modeling and <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Simulation of Propellant Filling <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jiang, Yunchun; Liu, Weidong; Hou, Xiaobo</p> <p>2012-05-01</p> <p>Propellant filling <span class="hlt">system</span> is one of the key ground plants in launching site of rocket that use liquid propellant. There is an urgent demand for ensuring and improving its reliability and safety, and there is no doubt that Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) is a good approach to meet it. Driven by the request to get more <span class="hlt">fault</span> information for FMEA, and because of the high expense of propellant filling, in this paper, the working process of the propellant filling <span class="hlt">system</span> in <span class="hlt">fault</span> condition was studied by simulating based on AMESim. Firstly, based on analyzing its structure and function, the filling <span class="hlt">system</span> was modular decomposed, and the mathematic models of every module were given, based on which the whole filling <span class="hlt">system</span> was modeled in AMESim. Secondly, a general method of <span class="hlt">fault</span> injecting into dynamic <span class="hlt">system</span> was proposed, and as an example, two typical <span class="hlt">faults</span> - leakage and blockage - were injected into the model of filling <span class="hlt">system</span>, based on which one can get two <span class="hlt">fault</span> models in AMESim. After that, <span class="hlt">fault</span> simulation was processed and the dynamic characteristics of several key parameters were analyzed under <span class="hlt">fault</span> conditions. The results show that the model can simulate effectively the two <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and can be used to provide guidance for the filling <span class="hlt">system</span> maintain and amelioration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.T42A..03S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.T42A..03S"><span>A New Correlation of Large Earthquakes Along the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Scharer, K. M.; Weldon, R. J.; Biasi, G. P.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>There are now three sites on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> (SSAF) with records of 10 or more dated ground rupturing earthquakes (Frazier Mountain, Wrightwood and Pallett Creek) and at least seven other sites with 3-5 dated events. Numerous sites have related information including geomorphic offsets caused by 1 to a few earthquakes, a known amount of slip spanning a specific interval of time or number of earthquakes, or the number (but not necessarily the exact ages) of earthquakes in an interval of time. We use this information to construct a record of recent large earthquakes on the SSAF. Strongly overlapping C-14 age ranges, especially between closely spaced sites like Pallett Creek and Wrightwood on the Mojave segment and Thousand Palms, Indio, Coachella and Salt Creek on the southernmost 100 kms of the <span class="hlt">fault</span>, and overlap between the more distant Frazier Mountain and Bidart Fan sites on the northernmost part of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> suggest that the paleoseismic data are robust and can be explained by a relatively small number of events that span substantial portions of the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. This is consistent with the extent of rupture of the two historic events (1857 was ~300 km long and 1812 was 100-200 km long); slip per event data that averages 3-5 m per event at most sites; and the long historical hiatus since 1857. While some sites have smaller offsets for individual events, correlation between sites suggests that many small offsets are near the end of long ruptures. While the long event series on the Mojave are quasi-periodic, individual intervals range about an order of magnitude, from a few decades up to ~200 years. This wide range of intervals and the apparent anti-slip predictable behavior of ruptures (small intervals are not followed by small events) suggest weak clustering or periods of time spanning multiple intervals when strain release is higher low lower than average. These properties defy the application of simple hazard analysis but need to be understood to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhDT.......249M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhDT.......249M"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> reactivation: The Picuris-Pecos <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> of north-central New Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>McDonald, David Wilson</p> <p></p> <p>The PPFS is a N-trending <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> extending over 80 km in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of northern New Mexico. Precambrian basement rocks are offset 37 km in a right-lateral sense; however, this offset includes dextral strike-slip (Precambrian), mostly normal dip-slip (Pennsylvanian), mostly reverse dip-slip (Early Laramide), limited strike-slip (Late Laramide) and mostly normal dip-slip (Cenozoic). The PPFS is broken into at least 3 segments by the NE-trending Embudo <span class="hlt">fault</span> and by several Laramide age NW-trending tear <span class="hlt">faults</span>. These segments are (from N to S): the Taos, the Picuris, and the Pecos segments. On the east side of the Picuris segment in the Picuris Mountains, the Oligocene-Miocene age Miranda graben developed and represents a complex extension zone south of the Embudo <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Regional analysis of remotely sensed data and geologic maps indicate that lineaments subparallel to the trace of the PPFS are longer and less frequent than lineaments that trend orthogonal to the PPFS. Significant cross cutting <span class="hlt">faults</span> and subtle changes in <span class="hlt">fault</span> trends in each segment are clear in the lineament data. Detailed mapping in the eastern Picuris Mountains showed that the favorably oriented Picuris segment was not reactivated in the Tertiary development of the Rio Grande rift. Segmentation of the PPFS and post-Laramide annealing of the Picuris segment are interpreted to have resulted in the development of the subparallel La Serna <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The Picuris segment of the PPFS is offset by several E-ESE trending <span class="hlt">faults</span>. These <span class="hlt">faults</span> are Late Cenozoic in age and interpreted to be related to the uplift of the Picuris Mountains and the continuing sinistral motion on the Embudo <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Differential subsidence within the Miranda graben caused the development of several synthetic and orthogonal <span class="hlt">faults</span> between the bounding La Serna and Miranda <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Analysis of over 10,000 outcrop scale brittle structures reveals a strong correlation between <span class="hlt">faults</span> and fracture <span class="hlt">systems</span>. The dominant</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T44C..05W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T44C..05W"><span>The Queen Charlotte-Fairweather <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone - Geomorphology of a submarine transform <span class="hlt">fault</span>, offshore British Columbia and southeastern Alaska</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Walton, M. A. L.; Barrie, V.; Greene, H. G.; Brothers, D. S.; Conway, K.; Conrad, J. E.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The Queen Charlotte-Fairweather (QC-FW) <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone is the Pacific - North America transform plate boundary and is clearly seen for over 900 km on the seabed as a linear and continuous feature from offshore central Haida Gwaii, British Columbia to Icy Point, Alaska. Recently (July - September 2017) collected multibeam bathymetry, seismic-reflection profiles and sediment cores provide evidence for the continuous strike-slip morphology along the continental shelfbreak and upper slope, including a linear <span class="hlt">fault</span> valley, offset submarine canyons and gullies, and right-step offsets (pull apart basins). South of central Haida Gwaii, the QC-FW is represented by several NW-SE to N-S trending <span class="hlt">faults</span> to the <span class="hlt">southern</span> end of the islands. Adjacent to the <span class="hlt">fault</span> at the <span class="hlt">southern</span> extreme and offshore Dixon Entrance (Canada/US boundary) are 400 to 600 m high mud volcanos in 1000 to 1600 m water depth that have plumes extending up 700 m into the water column and contain extensive carbonate crusts and chemosynthetic communities within the craters. In addition, gas plumes have been identified that appear to be directly associated with the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. Surficial Quaternary sediments within and adjacent to the central and <span class="hlt">southern</span> <span class="hlt">fault</span> date either to the deglaciation of this region of the Pacific north coast (16,000 years BP) or to the last interstadial period ( 40,000 years BP). Sediment accumulation is minimal and the sediments cored are primarily hard-packed dense sands that appear to have been transported along the <span class="hlt">fault</span> valley. The majority of the right-lateral slip along the entire QC-FW appears to be accommodated by the single <span class="hlt">fault</span> north of the convergence at its <span class="hlt">southern</span> most extent.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T44C..05W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T44C..05W"><span>The Queen Charlotte-Fairweather <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone - Geomorphology of a submarine transform <span class="hlt">fault</span>, offshore British Columbia and southeastern Alaska</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Walton, M. A. L.; Barrie, V.; Greene, H. G.; Brothers, D. S.; Conway, K.; Conrad, J. E.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The Queen Charlotte-Fairweather (QC-FW) <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone is the Pacific - North America transform plate boundary and is clearly seen for over 900 km on the seabed as a linear and continuous feature from offshore central Haida Gwaii, British Columbia to Icy Point, Alaska. Recently (July - September 2017) collected multibeam bathymetry, seismic-reflection profiles and sediment cores provide evidence for the continuous strike-slip morphology along the continental shelfbreak and upper slope, including a linear <span class="hlt">fault</span> valley, offset submarine canyons and gullies, and right-step offsets (pull apart basins). South of central Haida Gwaii, the QC-FW is represented by several NW-SE to N-S trending <span class="hlt">faults</span> to the <span class="hlt">southern</span> end of the islands. Adjacent to the <span class="hlt">fault</span> at the <span class="hlt">southern</span> extreme and offshore Dixon Entrance (Canada/US boundary) are 400 to 600 m high mud volcanos in 1000 to 1600 m water depth that have plumes extending up 700 m into the water column and contain extensive carbonate crusts and chemosynthetic communities within the craters. In addition, gas plumes have been identified that appear to be directly associated with the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. Surficial Quaternary sediments within and adjacent to the central and <span class="hlt">southern</span> <span class="hlt">fault</span> date either to the deglaciation of this region of the Pacific north coast (16,000 years BP) or to the last interstadial period ( 40,000 years BP). Sediment accumulation is minimal and the sediments cored are primarily hard-packed dense sands that appear to have been transported along the <span class="hlt">fault</span> valley. The majority of the right-lateral slip along the entire QC-FW appears to be accommodated by the single <span class="hlt">fault</span> north of the convergence at its <span class="hlt">southern</span> most extent.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMOS21A1935S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMOS21A1935S"><span>Tectonic activity and stratigraphic history over the last 130-540 ka on the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Shelf of the Sea of Marmara, western North Anatolian <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, Turkey</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Smith, W. H.; Grall, C.; Sorlien, C. C.; Steckler, M. S.; Okay, S.; Cormier, M. H.; Seeber, L.; Cifci, G.; Dondurur, D.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The submerged section of the North Anatolian <span class="hlt">Fault</span> in the Sea of Marmara, which corresponds to the dextral plate boundary between Eurasia and Anatolia, poses strong hazard for earthquakes and subsequent submarine landslides and tsunamis in the vicinity of the highly populated region of Istanbul. Most of the right-lateral slip is accommodated by the Northern Branch of the North Anatolian <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (NAF-N), which crosses the central part of the Sea of Marmara and is capable of an earthquake with a magnitude greater than 7. However, both the geology and the geodesy suggest that the NAF-N accommodates only 3/4 of the total slip between the plates. The deformation mechanisms for the rest of the strain (slip distributed on secondary <span class="hlt">faults</span>, strain partitioning, and diffuse deformation) remains unexplained. Other <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span>, primarily south of the NAF-N, are shown to be important regarding the tectonic evolution of the Sea of Marmara. However, the activity of these peripheral <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> as well as their relationships with the NAF-N need to be further constrained. For this purpose, a dense dataset of 2D geophysical images (high-resolution seismic reflection data, sparker reflection, CHIRP sub-bottom profiling), as well as multibeam bathymetry, have been acquired in 2008, 2010, 2013 and 2014 during TAMAM and SOMAR cruises, primarily in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> shelf of the Sea of Marmara. The 15-20 km-wide <span class="hlt">southern</span> shelf ledge is relatively flat and mostly shallower than 90 m. In this shallow marine region, we have been able to image the detailed stratigraphic record associated with the 125 ka and younger glacio-eustatic cycles and, notably, to identify paleo-shorelines at water depths shallower than 100 m. Several erosional unconformities, laterally correlative to low-stand deltas have been regionally linked to the stratigraphic boundaries previously defined for the last 130-540 ka. While the present-day shelf is relatively flat, a shallow ridge separates the inner and outer parts</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EP%26S...62..401Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EP%26S...62..401Y"><span>Audio-frequency magnetotelluric imaging of the Hijima <span class="hlt">fault</span>, Yamasaki <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, southwest Japan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yamaguchi, S.; Ogawa, Y.; Fuji-Ta, K.; Ujihara, N.; Inokuchi, H.; Oshiman, N.</p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>An audio-frequency magnetotelluric (AMT) survey was undertaken at ten sites along a transect across the Hijima <span class="hlt">fault</span>, a major segment of the Yamasaki <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, Japan. The data were subjected to dimensionality analysis, following which two-dimensional inversions for the TE and TM modes were carried out. This model is characterized by (1) a clear resistivity boundary that coincides with the downward projection of the surface trace of the Hijima <span class="hlt">fault</span>, (2) a resistive zone (>500 Ω m) that corresponds to Mesozoic sediment, and (3) shallow and deep two highly conductive zones (30-40 Ω m) along the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The shallow conductive zone is a common feature of the Yamasaki <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, whereas the deep conductor is a newly discovered feature at depths of 800-1,800 m to the southwest of the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The conductor is truncated by the Hijima <span class="hlt">fault</span> to the northeast, and its upper boundary is the resistive zone. Both conductors are interpreted to represent a combination of clay minerals and a fluid network within a <span class="hlt">fault</span>-related fracture zone. In terms of the development of the fluid networks, the <span class="hlt">fault</span> core of the Hijima <span class="hlt">fault</span> and the highly resistive zone may play important roles as barriers to fluid flow on the northeast and upper sides of the conductive zones, respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AGUFM.T22A0505W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AGUFM.T22A0505W"><span>Neotectonic Geomorphology of the Owen Stanley Oblique-slip <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>, Eastern Papua New Guinea</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Watson, L.; Mann, P.; Taylor, F.</p> <p>2003-12-01</p> <p>Previous GPS studies have shown that the Australia-Woodlark plate boundary bisects the Papuan Peninsula of Papua New Guinea and that interplate motion along the boundary varies from about 19 mm/yr of orthogonal opening in the area of the western Woodlark spreading center and D'Entrecasteaux Islands, to about 12 mm/yr of highly oblique opening in the central part of the peninsula, to about 10 mm/yr of transpressional motion on the western part of the peninsula. We have compiled a GIS database for the peninsula that includes a digital elevation model, geologic map, LANDSAT and radar imagery, and earthquake focal mechanisms. This combined data set demonstrates the regional importance of the 600-km-long Owen Stanley <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> (OSFS) in accommodating interplate motion and controlling the geomorphology and geologic exposures of the peninsula. The OSFS originated as a NE-dipping, reactivated Oligocene-Early Miocene age ophiolitic suture zone between an Australian continental margin and the Melanesian arc <span class="hlt">system</span>. Pliocene to recent motion on the plate boundary has reactivated motion on the former NE-dipping thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span> either as a NE-dipping normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the eastern area or as a more vertical strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the western area. The broadly arcuate shape of the OSFS is probably an inherited feature from the original thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span>. <span class="hlt">Faults</span> in the eastern area (east of 148° E) exhibit characteristics expected for normal and oblique slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> including: discontinuous <span class="hlt">fault</span> traces bounding an upthrown highland block and a downthrown coastal plain or submarine block, transfer <span class="hlt">faults</span> parallel to the opening direction, scarps facing to both the northeast and southwest, and spatial association with recent volcanism. <span class="hlt">Faults</span> in the western area (west of 148° E) exibit characteristics expected for left-lateral strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> including: linear and continuous <span class="hlt">fault</span> trace commonly confined to a deep, intermontane valley and sinistral offsets and deflections of rivers and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.T11A2279M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.T11A2279M"><span>Characterizing the recent behavior and earthquake potential of the blind western San Cayetano and Ventura <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>McAuliffe, L. J.; Dolan, J. F.; Hubbard, J.; Shaw, J. H.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>The recent occurrence of several destructive thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span> earthquakes highlights the risks posed by such events to major urban centers around the world. In order to determine the earthquake potential of such <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the western Transverse Ranges of <span class="hlt">southern</span> California, we are studying the activity and paleoearthquake history of the blind Ventura and western San Cayetano <span class="hlt">faults</span> through a multidisciplinary analysis of strata that have been folded above the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tiplines. These two thrust <span class="hlt">faults</span> form the middle section of a >200-km-long, east-west belt of large, interconnected reverse <span class="hlt">faults</span> that extends across <span class="hlt">southern</span> California. Although each of these <span class="hlt">faults</span> represents a major seismic source in its own right, we are exploring the possibility of even larger-magnitude, multi-segment ruptures that may link these <span class="hlt">faults</span> to other major <span class="hlt">faults</span> to the east and west in the Transverse Ranges <span class="hlt">system</span>. The proximity of this large reverse-<span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> to several major population centers, including the metropolitan Los Angeles region, and the potential for tsunami generation during offshore ruptures of the western parts of the <span class="hlt">system</span>, emphasizes the importance of understanding the behavior of these <span class="hlt">faults</span> for seismic hazard assessment. During the summer of 2010 we used a mini-vibrator source to acquire four, one- to three-km-long, high-resolution seismic reflection profiles. The profiles were collected along the locus of active folding above the blind, western San Cayetano and Ventura <span class="hlt">faults</span> - specifically, across prominent fold scarps that have developed in response to recent slip on the underlying thrust ramps. These high-resolution data overlap with the uppermost parts of petroleum-industry seismic reflection data, and provide a near-continuous image of recent folding from several km depth to within 50-100 m of the surface. Our initial efforts to document the earthquake history and slip-rate of this large, multi-<span class="hlt">fault</span> reverse <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> focus on a site above the blind</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70033215','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70033215"><span>Pleistocene Brawley and Ocotillo Formations: Evidence for initial strike-slip deformation along the San Felipe and San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span> zonez, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Kirby, S.M.; Janecke, S.U.; Dorsey, R.J.; Housen, B.A.; Langenheim, V.E.; McDougall, K.A.; Steeley, A.N.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>We examine the Pleistocene tectonic reorganization of the Pacific-North American plate boundary in the Salton Trough of <span class="hlt">southern</span> California with an integrated approach that includes basin analysis, magnetostratigraphy, and geologic mapping of upper Pliocene to Pleistocene sedimentary rocks in the San Felipe Hills. These deposits preserve the earliest sedimentary record of movement on the San Felipe and San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones that replaced and deactivated the late Cenozoic West Salton detachment <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Sandstone and mudstone of the Brawley Formation accumulated between ???1.1 and ???0.6-0.5 Ma in a delta on the margin of an arid Pleistocene lake, which received sediment from alluvial fans of the Ocotillo Formation to the west-southwest. Our analysis indicates that the Ocotillo and Brawley formations prograded abruptly to the east-northeast across a former mud-dominated perennial lake (Borrego Formation) at ???1.1 Ma in response to initiation of the dextral-oblique San Felipe <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. The ???25-km-long San Felipe anticline initiated at about the same time and produced an intrabasinal basement-cored high within the San Felipe-Borrego basin that is recorded by progressive unconformities on its north and south limbs. A disconformity at the base of the Brawley Formation in the eastern San Felipe Hills probably records initiation and early blind slip at the southeast tip of the Clark strand of the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. Our data are consistent with abrupt and nearly synchronous inception of the San Jacinto and San Felipe <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones southwest of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the early Pleistocene during a pronounced southwestward broadening of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. The current contractional geometry of the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone developed after ???0.5-0.6 Ma during a second, less significant change in structural style. ?? 2007 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040121140','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040121140"><span>Formal Techniques for Synchronized <span class="hlt">Fault</span>-Tolerant <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>DiVito, Ben L.; Butler, Ricky W.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>We present the formal verification of synchronizing aspects of the Reliable Computing Platform (RCP), a <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant computing <span class="hlt">system</span> for digital flight control applications. The RCP uses NMR-style redundancy to mask <span class="hlt">faults</span> and internal majority voting to purge the effects of transient <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The <span class="hlt">system</span> design has been formally specified and verified using the EHDM verification <span class="hlt">system</span>. Our formalization is based on an extended state machine model incorporating snapshots of local processors clocks.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110013148','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110013148"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> recovery for real-time, multi-tasking computer <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hess, Richard (Inventor); Kelly, Gerald B. (Inventor); Rogers, Randy (Inventor); Stange, Kent A. (Inventor)</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">System</span> and methods for providing a recoverable real time multi-tasking computer <span class="hlt">system</span> are disclosed. In one embodiment, a <span class="hlt">system</span> comprises a real time computing environment, wherein the real time computing environment is adapted to execute one or more applications and wherein each application is time and space partitioned. The <span class="hlt">system</span> further comprises a <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection <span class="hlt">system</span> adapted to detect one or more <span class="hlt">faults</span> affecting the real time computing environment and a <span class="hlt">fault</span> recovery <span class="hlt">system</span>, wherein upon the detection of a <span class="hlt">fault</span> the <span class="hlt">fault</span> recovery <span class="hlt">system</span> is adapted to restore a backup set of state variables.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040084794','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040084794"><span>Parameter Transient Behavior Analysis on <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Tolerant Control <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Belcastro, Christine (Technical Monitor); Shin, Jong-Yeob</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>In a <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant control (FTC) <span class="hlt">system</span>, a parameter varying FTC law is reconfigured based on <span class="hlt">fault</span> parameters estimated by <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection and isolation (FDI) modules. FDI modules require some time to detect <span class="hlt">fault</span> occurrences in aero-vehicle dynamics. This paper illustrates analysis of a FTC <span class="hlt">system</span> based on estimated <span class="hlt">fault</span> parameter transient behavior which may include false <span class="hlt">fault</span> detections during a short time interval. Using Lyapunov function analysis, the upper bound of an induced-L2 norm of the FTC <span class="hlt">system</span> performance is calculated as a function of a <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection time and the exponential decay rate of the Lyapunov function.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhDT........82W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhDT........82W"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> detection and diagnosis of photovoltaic <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wu, Xing</p> <p></p> <p>The rapid growth of the solar industry over the past several years has expanded the significance of photovoltaic (PV) <span class="hlt">systems</span>. One of the primary aims of research in building-integrated PV <span class="hlt">systems</span> is to improve the performance of the <span class="hlt">system</span>'s efficiency, availability, and reliability. Although much work has been done on technological design to increase a photovoltaic module's efficiency, there is little research so far on <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis for PV <span class="hlt">systems</span>. <span class="hlt">Faults</span> in a PV <span class="hlt">system</span>, if not detected, may not only reduce power generation, but also threaten the availability and reliability, effectively the "security" of the whole <span class="hlt">system</span>. In this paper, first a circuit-based simulation baseline model of a PV <span class="hlt">system</span> with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is developed using MATLAB software. MATLAB is one of the most popular tools for integrating computation, visualization and programming in an easy-to-use modeling environment. Second, data collection of a PV <span class="hlt">system</span> at variable surface temperatures and insolation levels under normal operation is acquired. The developed simulation model of PV <span class="hlt">system</span> is then calibrated and improved by comparing modeled I-V and P-V characteristics with measured I--V and P--V characteristics to make sure the simulated curves are close to those measured values from the experiments. Finally, based on the circuit-based simulation model, a PV model of various types of <span class="hlt">faults</span> will be developed by changing conditions or inputs in the MATLAB model, and the I--V and P--V characteristic curves, and the time-dependent voltage and current characteristics of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> modalities will be characterized for each type of <span class="hlt">fault</span>. These will be developed as benchmark I-V or P-V, or prototype transient curves. If a <span class="hlt">fault</span> occurs in a PV <span class="hlt">system</span>, polling and comparing actual measured I--V and P--V characteristic curves with both normal operational curves and these baseline <span class="hlt">fault</span> curves will aid in <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T23C0620H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T23C0620H"><span>Investigating the ancient landscape and Cenozoic drainage development of <span class="hlt">southern</span> Yukon (Canada), through restoration modeling of the Cordilleran-scale Tintina <span class="hlt">Fault</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hayward, N.; Jackson, L. E.; Ryan, J. J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>This study of <span class="hlt">southern</span> Yukon (Canada) challenges the notion that the landscape in the long-lived, tectonically active, northern Canadian Cordillera is implicitly young. The impact of Cenozoic displacement along the continental- scale Tintina <span class="hlt">Fault</span> on the development of the Yukon River and drainage basins of central Yukon is investigated through geophysical and hydrological modeling of digital terrain model data. Regional geological evidence suggests that the age of the planation of the Yukon plateaus is at least Late Cretaceous, rather than Neogene as previously concluded, and that there has been little penetrative deformation or net incision in the region since the late Mesozoic. The Tintina <span class="hlt">Fault</span> has been interpreted as having experienced 430 km of dextral displacement, primarily during the Eocene. However, the alignment of river channels across the <span class="hlt">fault</span> at specific displacements, coupled with recent seismic events and related <span class="hlt">fault</span> activity, indicate that the <span class="hlt">fault</span> may have moved in stages over a longer time span. Topographic restoration and hydrological models show that the drainage of the Yukon River northwestward into Alaska via the ancestral Kwikhpak River was only possible at restored displacements of up to 50-55 km on the Tintina <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. We interpret the published drainage reversals convincingly attributed to the effects of Pliocene glaciation as an overprint on earlier Yukon River reversals or diversions attributed to tectonic displacements along the Tintina <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. At restored <span class="hlt">fault</span> displacements of between 230 and 430 km, our models illustrate that paleo Yukon River drainage conceivably may have flowed eastward into the Atlantic Ocean via an ancestral Liard River, which was a tributary of the paleo Bell River <span class="hlt">system</span>. The revised drainage evolution if correct requires wide-reaching reconsideration of surficial geology deposits, the flow direction and channel geometries of the region's ancient rivers, and importantly, exploration strategies of placer gold</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70154742','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70154742"><span><span class="hlt">Southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> seismicity is consistent with the Gutenberg-Richter magnitude-frequency distribution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Page, Morgan T.; Felzer, Karen</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The magnitudes of any collection of earthquakes nucleating in a region are generally observed to follow the Gutenberg-Richter (G-R) distribution. On some major <span class="hlt">faults</span>, however, paleoseismic rates are higher than a G-R extrapolation from the modern rate of small earthquakes would predict. This, along with other observations, led to formulation of the characteristic earthquake hypothesis, which holds that the rate of small to moderate earthquakes is permanently low on large <span class="hlt">faults</span> relative to the large-earthquake rate (Wesnousky et al., 1983; Schwartz and Coppersmith, 1984). We examine the rate difference between recent small to moderate earthquakes on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> (SSAF) and the paleoseismic record, hypothesizing that the discrepancy can be explained as a rate change in time rather than a deviation from G-R statistics. We find that with reasonable assumptions, the rate changes necessary to bring the small and large earthquake rates into alignment agree with the size of rate changes seen in epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) modeling, where aftershock triggering of large earthquakes drives strong fluctuations in the seismicity rates for earthquakes of all magnitudes. The necessary rate changes are also comparable to rate changes observed for other <span class="hlt">faults</span> worldwide. These results are consistent with paleoseismic observations of temporally clustered bursts of large earthquakes on the SSAF and the absence of M greater than or equal to 7 earthquakes on the SSAF since 1857.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22596843-fault-tolerant-filtering-fault-detection-quantum-systems-driven-fields-single-photon-states','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22596843-fault-tolerant-filtering-fault-detection-quantum-systems-driven-fields-single-photon-states"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> tolerant filtering and <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection for quantum <span class="hlt">systems</span> driven by fields in single photon states</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Gao, Qing, E-mail: qing.gao.chance@gmail.com; Dong, Daoyi, E-mail: daoyidong@gmail.com; Petersen, Ian R., E-mail: i.r.petersen@gmai.com</p> <p></p> <p>The purpose of this paper is to solve the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant filtering and <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection problem for a class of open quantum <span class="hlt">systems</span> driven by a continuous-mode bosonic input field in single photon states when the <span class="hlt">systems</span> are subject to stochastic <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Optimal estimates of both the <span class="hlt">system</span> observables and the <span class="hlt">fault</span> process are simultaneously calculated and characterized by a set of coupled recursive quantum stochastic differential equations.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.5795K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.5795K"><span>Deformation ages within the Klong Marui continental wrench <span class="hlt">fault</span>, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Thailand</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kanjanapayont, P.; Grasemann, B.; Edwards, M. A.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>The Klong Marui <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is a ductile to brittle dextral strike-slip shear zone characterized by strong NNE-SSW geomorphic ridges trending up to 150 km. from Thai Gulf to Andaman Sea. At it <span class="hlt">southern</span> part in the Phung Nga region, the ductile core forms a 40km long ridge. The geology within this wrench zone consisted of steep strongly deformed layers of migmatitic gneisses, mylonitic granites/pegmatites and phyllonitic metapelites. Brittle cataclasitc zones were localized in the eastern and western margin of this ductile core zone. The first deformation stage was dextral ductile strike-slip movement at mid to upper crustal levels and formed the main mylonitic foliation (c), secondary synthetic foliations (c'), and lineation in the migmatitic gneisses, mylonitic granites and metapelites. Locally sillimanite-clasts in high-temperature recrystallization quartz fabric fabric suggest deformation at amphibolite facies condition. More typically, quartz dynamically recrystallize by subgrain rotation and grain boundary migration under greenschist facies conditions. Microstructure of myrmekite and "V"-pull-apart clearly indicates dextral sense of shear. Pegmatites cross-cut the main mylonitic foliation but were sheared at the rims indicating syn-kinematic emplacement. Dynamically recrystallizing quartz mainly by basal gliding, bulging and low-temperature subgrain rotation record the latest stage of ductile dextral strike-slip deformation during decreasing temperature conditions. The NNE-SSW trending dextral strike-slip deformation accommodated the E-W transpression as a result of the differential movement of the northward drifting Indian craton and Asia. The brittle/ductile deformation produced cataclasites and minor <span class="hlt">faults</span> which overprint the higher temperature fabric causing exhumation and juxtaposition of <span class="hlt">fault</span> rocks developed under different metamorphic conditions in a positive flower structure.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFM.S41A0938H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFM.S41A0938H"><span>The analysis and study of <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> in the Southernmost Part of Okinawa Trough</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Huang, Y.; Tsai, C.; Lee, C.</p> <p>2004-12-01</p> <p>Taiwan is located in the boundary between the Eurasian and Philippine Sea plates. Due to different subduction, two arc-trench <span class="hlt">systems</span> in different direction were happened. One is Luzon arc-trench <span class="hlt">system</span> in N-S direction; the other one is called Ryukyu arc-trench <span class="hlt">system</span> in E-W direction. The Okinawa Trough is a back-arc basin which was formed by extension of Eurasian plate, and the tectonic setting in this area has a series of normal-<span class="hlt">faults</span> and igneous bodies. According to previous studies, we know that Southernmost Part of Okinawa Trough (SPOT) have evolved at least two main tensional phases of Okinawa Trough, the first phase probably came up in early Pleistocene and struck in NE-SW direction; and the second phases occurred during late Pleistocene and Holocene changed the direction to E-W. In this study, we have used seismic data collected by R/V Chiu-Lien, Ocean Research I, and R/V L'Atalante to explain the normal-<span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> in the SPOT area. We integrate seismic profiles with corrected bathymetry to relocate these normal <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Our results show these normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> has two main strikes, respectively N60° E and N80° E. We find that most of N60° E <span class="hlt">faults</span> are located in the northern slope of SPOT and landward to Taiwan. The N80° E <span class="hlt">faults</span> are found in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> slop and center area of SPOT. Compare with the <span class="hlt">faults</span> and a new topographic map, we find there were a lot of <span class="hlt">faults</span> around the canyon, such as North-Mienhua Canyon. We suggest that the origin of the canyon is probably due to these tectonic forces. The canyon is a weak area, and is eroded much fast than the surrounding continental shelf. Passing through a series of erosional processes, the canyon becomes what looks like today. We find a lot of graben structure located in the center of SPOT. This area is the extension axis of SPOT right now. We also find many possible igneous rocks in the seismic profiles, some of them are intrusions and the others penetrate the seabed along the weak zone and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S53B0675R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S53B0675R"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> Interaction and Stress Accumulation in Chaman <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>, Balouchistan, Pakistan, Since 1892</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Riaz, M. S.; Shan, B.; Xiong, X.; Xie, Z.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The curved-shaped left-lateral Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span> is the Western boundary of the Indian plate, which is approximately 1000 km long. The Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span> is an active <span class="hlt">fault</span> and also locus of many catastrophic earthquakes. Since the inception of strike-slip movement at 20-25Ma along the western collision boundary between Indian and Eurasian plates, the average geologically constrained slip rate of 24 to 35 mm/yr accounts for a total displacement of 460±10 km along the Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> (Beun et al., 1979; Lawrence et al., 1992). Based on earthquake triggering theory, the change in Coulomb Failure Stress (DCFS) either halted (shadow stress) or advances (positive stress) the occurrence of subsequent earthquakes. Several major earthquakes occurred in Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, and this region is poorly studied to understand the earthquake/<span class="hlt">fault</span> interaction and hazard assessment. In order to do so, we have analyzed the earthquakes catalog and collected significant earthquakes with M ≥6.2 since 1892. We then investigate the evolution of DCFS in the Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> is computed by integration of coseismic static and postseismic viscoelastic relaxation stress transfer since the 1892, using the codePSGRN/PSCMP (Wang et al., 2006). Moreover, for postseismic stress transfer simulation, we adopted linear Maxwell rheology to calculate the viscoelastic effects in this study. Our results elucidate that three out of four earthquakes are triggered by the preceding earthquakes. The 1892-earthquake with magnitude Mw6.8, which occurred on the North segment of Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span> has not influence the 1935-earthquake which occurred on Ghazaband <span class="hlt">fault</span>, a parallel <span class="hlt">fault</span> 20km east to Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The 1935-earthquake with magnitude Mw7.7 significantly loaded the both ends of rupture with positive stress (CFS ≥0.01 Mpa), which later on triggered the 1975-earthquake with 23% of its rupture length where CFS ≥0.01 Mpa, on Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span>, and 1990-earthquke with 58% of its rupture length where CFS ≥0</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUSM.S43C..03V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUSM.S43C..03V"><span>The Morelia-Acambay <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Velázquez Bucio, M.; Soria-Caballero, D.; Garduño-Monroy, V.; Mennella, L.</p> <p>2013-05-01</p> <p>The Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) is one of the most actives and representative zones of Mexico geologically speaking. Research carried out in this area gives stratigraphic, seismologic and historical evidence of its recent activity during the quaternary (Martinez and Nieto, 1990). Specifically the Morelia-Acambay <span class="hlt">faults</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> (MAFS) consist in a series of normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> of dominant direction E - W, ENE - WSW y NE - SW which is cut in center west of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. This <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> appeared during the early Miocene although the north-south oriented structures are older and have been related to the activity of the tectonism inherited from the "Basin and Range" <span class="hlt">system</span>, but that were reactivated by the east- west <span class="hlt">faults</span>. It is believed that the activity of these <span class="hlt">faults</span> has contributed to the creation and evolution of the longed lacustrine depressions such as: Chapala, Zacapu, Cuitzeo, Maravatio y Acambay also the location of monogenetic volcanoes that conformed the Michoacan-Guanajuato volcanic field (MGVF) and tend to align in the direction of the SFMA dominant effort. In a historical time different segments of the MAFS have been the epicenter of earthquakes from moderated to strong magnitude like the events of 1858 in Patzcuaro, Acambay in 1912, 1979 in Maravatio and 2007 in Morelia, among others. Several detailed analysis and semi-detailed analysis through a GIS platform based in the vectorial archives and thematic charts 1:50 000 scaled from the data base of the INEGI which has allowed to remark the influence of the MAFS segments about the morphology of the landscape and the identification of other structures related to the movement of the existent <span class="hlt">faults</span> like fractures, alignments, collapses and others from the zone comprehended by the northwest of Morelia in Michoacán to the East of Acambay, Estado de México. Such analysis suggests that the <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments possess a normal displacement plus a left component. In addition it can be</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFM.S43B1077B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFM.S43B1077B"><span>Seismic Hazard and <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Length</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Black, N. M.; Jackson, D. D.; Mualchin, L.</p> <p>2005-12-01</p> <p>If mx is the largest earthquake magnitude that can occur on a <span class="hlt">fault</span>, then what is mp, the largest magnitude that should be expected during the planned lifetime of a particular structure? Most approaches to these questions rely on an estimate of the Maximum Credible Earthquake, obtained by regression (e.g. Wells and Coppersmith, 1994) of <span class="hlt">fault</span> length (or area) and magnitude. Our work differs in two ways. First, we modify the traditional approach to measuring <span class="hlt">fault</span> length, to allow for hidden <span class="hlt">fault</span> complexity and multi-<span class="hlt">fault</span> rupture. Second, we use a magnitude-frequency relationship to calculate the largest magnitude expected to occur within a given time interval. Often <span class="hlt">fault</span> length is poorly defined and multiple <span class="hlt">faults</span> rupture together in a single event. Therefore, we need to expand the definition of a mapped <span class="hlt">fault</span> length to obtain a more accurate estimate of the maximum magnitude. In previous work, we compared <span class="hlt">fault</span> length vs. rupture length for post-1975 earthquakes in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California. In this study, we found that mapped <span class="hlt">fault</span> length and rupture length are often unequal, and in several cases rupture broke beyond the previously mapped <span class="hlt">fault</span> traces. To expand the geologic definition of <span class="hlt">fault</span> length we outlined several guidelines: 1) if a <span class="hlt">fault</span> truncates at young Quaternary alluvium, the <span class="hlt">fault</span> line should be inferred underneath the younger sediments 2) <span class="hlt">faults</span> striking within 45° of one another should be treated as a continuous <span class="hlt">fault</span> line and 3) a step-over can link together <span class="hlt">faults</span> at least 5 km apart. These definitions were applied to <span class="hlt">fault</span> lines in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California. For example, many of the along-strike <span class="hlt">faults</span> lines in the Mojave Desert are treated as a single <span class="hlt">fault</span> trending from the Pinto Mountain to the Garlock <span class="hlt">fault</span>. In addition, the Rose Canyon and Newport-Inglewood <span class="hlt">faults</span> are treated as a single <span class="hlt">fault</span> line. We used these more generous <span class="hlt">fault</span> lengths, and the Wells and Coppersmith regression, to estimate the maximum magnitude (mx) for the major <span class="hlt">faults</span> in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/902293','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/902293"><span>Long-term slip rate of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, from 10Be-26Al surface exposure dating of an offset alluvial fan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>der Woerd, J v; Klinger, Y; Sieh, K</p> <p></p> <p>We determine the long-term slip rate of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> in the southeastern Indio Hills using {sup 10}Be and {sup 26}Al isotopes to date an offset alluvial fan surface. Field mapping complemented with topographic data, air photos and satellite images allow to precisely determine piercing points across the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone that are used to measure an offset of 565 {+-} 80 m. A total of twenty-six quartz-rich cobbles from three different fan surfaces were collected and dated. The tight cluster of nuclide concentrations from 19 samples out of 20 from the offset fan surface implies a simple exposuremore » history, negligible prior exposure and erosion, and yield an age of 35.5 {+-} 2.5 ka. The long-term slip rate of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> south of Biskra Palms is thus 15.9 {+-} 3.4 mm/yr. This rate is about 10 mm/yr slower than geological (0-14 ka) and short-term geodetic estimates for this part of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> implying changes in slip rate or in <span class="hlt">faulting</span> behavior. This result puts new constraints on the slip rate of the San Jacinto and on the Eastern California Shear Zone for the last 35 ka. Our study shows that more sites along the major <span class="hlt">faults</span> of <span class="hlt">southern</span> California need to be targeted to better constrain the slip-rates over different time scales.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.T33A2380M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.T33A2380M"><span>Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Interpretations and 2.5D Cross-Section Models over the Border Ranges <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> and Aleutian Subduction Zone, Alaska</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mankhemthong, N.; Doser, D. I.; Baker, M. R.; Kaip, G.; Jones, S.; Eslick, B. E.; Budhathoki, P.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Quaternary glacial covers and lack of dense geophysical data on the Kenai Peninsula cause a location and geometry of the Border Ranges <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> (BRFS) within a recent forearc-accretionary boundary of Aleutian subduction zone in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Alaska are unclear. Using new ~1,300 gravity collections within the Anchorage and Kenai Peninsula regions complied with prior 1997 gravity and aeromagnetic data help us better imaging these <span class="hlt">fault</span> and the subduction structures. Cook Inlet forearc basin is corresponded by deep gravity anomaly lows; basin boundaries are characterized by a strong gravity gradient, where are considered to be traces of Border Ranges <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> on the east and Castle Mountain and Bruin Bay <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> on the west and northwest of the forearc basin respectively. Gravity anomaly highs over accreted rocks generally increase southeastward to the Aleutian trench, but show a gravity depression over the Kenai Mountains region. The lineament between gravity high and low in the same terrenes over the Kenai Peninsula is may be another evidence to determine the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Edge of the Yakutat Microplate (SEY) as inferred by Eberhart-Phillips et al. (2006). Our 2.5-D models illustrate the main <span class="hlt">fault</span> of the BRFS dips steeply toward the west with a downslip displacement. Gravity and Magnetic anomaly highs, on the east of the BRFS, probably present a slice of the ultramafic complex emplaced by <span class="hlt">faults</span> along the boundary of the forearc basin and accretionary wedge terranes. Another magnetic high beneath the basin in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> forearc basin support a serpentiznied body inferred by Saltus et al. (2001), with a decreasing size toward the north. Regional density-gravity models show the Pacific subducting slab beneath the foreacre-arc teranes with a gentle and flatted dip where the subducting plate is located in north of SEY and dips more steeply where it is located on the south of SEY. The gravity depression over the accreted terrene can be explained by a density low</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1952b0016K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1952b0016K"><span>Smart intimation and location of <span class="hlt">faults</span> in distribution <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hari Krishna, K.; Srinivasa Rao, B.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Location of <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the distribution <span class="hlt">system</span> is one of the most complicated problems that we are facing today. Identification of <span class="hlt">fault</span> location and severity of <span class="hlt">fault</span> within a short time is required to provide continuous power supply but <span class="hlt">fault</span> identification and information transfer to the operator is the biggest challenge in the distribution network. This paper proposes a <span class="hlt">fault</span> location method in the distribution <span class="hlt">system</span> based on Arduino nano and GSM module with flame sensor. The main idea is to locate the <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the distribution transformer by sensing the arc coming out from the fuse element. The biggest challenge in the distribution network is to identify the location and the severity of <span class="hlt">faults</span> under different conditions. Well operated transmission and distribution <span class="hlt">systems</span> will play a key role for uninterrupted power supply. Whenever <span class="hlt">fault</span> occurs in the distribution <span class="hlt">system</span> the time taken to locate and eliminate the <span class="hlt">fault</span> has to be reduced. The proposed design was achieved with flame sensor and GSM module. Under faulty condition, the <span class="hlt">system</span> will automatically send an alert message to the operator in the distribution <span class="hlt">system</span>, about the abnormal conditions near the transformer, site code and its exact location for possible power restoration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.5461K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.5461K"><span>Aksu-Dinar <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>: Its bearing on the evolution of the Isparta Angle (SW Turkey)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kaymakci, Nuretdin; Özacar, Arda; Langereis, Cornelis G.; Özkaptan, Murat; Gülyüz, Erhan; van Hinsbergen, Douwe J. J.; Uzel, Bora; McPhee, Peter; Sözbilir, Hasan</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The Isparta Angle is a triangular structure in SW Turkey with NE-SW trending western and NW-SE trending eastern flanks. Aksu <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is located within the core of this structure and have been taken-up large E-W shortening and sinistral translation since the Late Miocene. It is an inherited structure which emplaced Antalya nappes over the Beydaǧları Platform during the late Eocene to Late Miocene and was reactivated by the Pliocene as a high angle reverse <span class="hlt">fault</span> to accommodate the counter-clockwise rotation of Beydaǧları and SW Anatolia. On the other hand, the Dinar <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is a normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> with slight sinistral component has been active since Pliocene. These two structures are collinear and delimit areas with clockwise and counter-clockwise rotations. The areas to the north and east of these structures rotated clockwise while <span class="hlt">southern</span> and western areas are rotated counter-clockwise. We claim that the Dinar-Aksu <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> facilitate rotational deformation in the region as a scissor like mechanism about a pivot point north of Burdur. This mechanism resulted in the normal motion along the Dinar and reverse motion along the Aksu <span class="hlt">faults</span> with combined sinistral translation component on both structures. We claim that the driving force for the motion of these <span class="hlt">faults</span> and counter-clockwise rotation of the SW Anatolia seems to be slab-pull forces exerted by the east dipping Antalya Slab, a relic of Tethys oceanic lithosphere. The research for this paper is supported by TUBITAK - Grant Number 111Y239. Key words: Dinar <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, Aksu <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, Isparta Angle, SW Turkey, Burdur Pivot, Normal <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, Reverse <span class="hlt">Fault</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.S21A2141Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.S21A2141Y"><span>Long Return Periods for Earthquakes in San Gorgonio Pass and Implications for Large Ruptures of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yule, J.; McBurnett, P.; Ramzan, S.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>The largest discontinuity in the surface trace of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> occurs in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California at San Gorgonio Pass. Here, San Andreas motion moves through a 20 km-wide compressive stepover on the dextral-oblique-slip thrust <span class="hlt">system</span> known as the San Gorgonio Pass <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. This thrust-dominated <span class="hlt">system</span> is thought to rupture during very large San Andreas events that also involve strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments north and south of the Pass region. A wealth of paleoseismic data document that the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments on either side of the Pass, in the San Bernardino/Mojave Desert and Coachella Valley regions, rupture on average every ~100 yrs and ~200 yrs, respectively. In contrast, we report here a notably longer return period for ruptures of the San Gorgonio Pass <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. For example, features exposed in trenches at the Cabezon site reveal that the most recent earthquake occurred 600-700 yrs ago (this and other ages reported here are constrained by C-14 calibrated ages from charcoal). The rupture at Cabezon broke a 10 m-wide zone of east-west striking thrusts and produced a >2 m-high scarp. Slip during this event is estimated to be >4.5 m. Evidence for a penultimate event was not uncovered but presumably lies beneath ~1000 yr-old strata at the base of the trenches. In Millard Canyon, 5 km to the west of Cabezon, the San Gorgonio Pass <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone splits into two splays. The northern splay is expressed by 2.5 ± 0.7 m and 5.0 ± 0.7 m scarps in alluvial terraces constrained to be ~1300 and ~2500 yrs old, respectively. The scarp on the younger, low terrace postdates terrace abandonment ~1300 yrs ago and probably correlates with the 600-700 yr-old event at Cabezon, though we cannot rule out that a different event produced the northern Millard scarp. Trenches excavated in the low terrace reveal growth folding and secondary <span class="hlt">faulting</span> and clear evidence for a penultimate event ~1350-1450 yrs ago, during alluvial deposition prior to the abandonment of the low terrace</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19920016862','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19920016862"><span>Advanced information processing <span class="hlt">system</span>: <span class="hlt">Fault</span> injection study and results</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Burkhardt, Laura F.; Masotto, Thomas K.; Lala, Jaynarayan H.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>The objective of the AIPS program is to achieve a validated <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant distributed computer <span class="hlt">system</span>. The goals of the AIPS <span class="hlt">fault</span> injection study were: (1) to present the <span class="hlt">fault</span> injection study components addressing the AIPS validation objective; (2) to obtain feedback for <span class="hlt">fault</span> removal from the design implementation; (3) to obtain statistical data regarding <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection, isolation, and reconfiguration responses; and (4) to obtain data regarding the effects of <span class="hlt">faults</span> on <span class="hlt">system</span> performance. The parameters are described that must be varied to create a comprehensive set of <span class="hlt">fault</span> injection tests, the subset of test cases selected, the test case measurements, and the test case execution. Both pin level hardware <span class="hlt">faults</span> using a hardware <span class="hlt">fault</span> injector and software injected memory mutations were used to test the <span class="hlt">system</span>. An overview is provided of the hardware <span class="hlt">fault</span> injector and the associated software used to carry out the experiments. Detailed specifications are given of <span class="hlt">fault</span> and test results for the I/O Network and the AIPS <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Tolerant Processor, respectively. The results are summarized and conclusions are given.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19920001799','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19920001799"><span>Real-time <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis for propulsion <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Merrill, Walter C.; Guo, Ten-Huei; Delaat, John C.; Duyar, Ahmet</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>Current research toward real time <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis for propulsion <span class="hlt">systems</span> at NASA-Lewis is described. The research is being applied to both air breathing and rocket propulsion <span class="hlt">systems</span>. Topics include <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection methods including neural networks, <span class="hlt">system</span> modeling, and real time implementations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IJSS...48..107T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IJSS...48..107T"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span>-tolerant continuous flow <span class="hlt">systems</span> modelling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tolbi, B.; Tebbikh, H.; Alla, H.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>This paper presents a structural modelling of <span class="hlt">faults</span> with hybrid Petri nets (HPNs) for the analysis of a particular class of hybrid dynamic <span class="hlt">systems</span>, continuous flow <span class="hlt">systems</span>. HPNs are first used for the behavioural description of continuous flow <span class="hlt">systems</span> without <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Then, <span class="hlt">faults</span>' modelling is considered using a structural method without having to rebuild the model to new. A translation method is given in hierarchical way, it gives a hybrid automata (HA) from an elementary HPN. This translation preserves the behavioural semantics (timed bisimilarity), and reflects the temporal behaviour by giving semantics for each model in terms of timed transition <span class="hlt">systems</span>. Thus, advantages of the power modelling of HPNs and the analysis ability of HA are taken. A simple example is used to illustrate the ideas.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940010534','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940010534"><span>Results of an electrical power <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">fault</span> study (CDDF)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Dugal-Whitehead, N. R.; Johnson, Y. B.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>This report gives the results of an electrical power <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">fault</span> study which has been conducted over the last 2 and one-half years. First, the results of the literature search into electrical power <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">faults</span> in space and terrestrial power <span class="hlt">system</span> applications are reported. A description of the intended implementations of the power <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">faults</span> into the Large Autonomous Spacecraft Electrical Power <span class="hlt">System</span> (LASEPS) breadboard is then presented. Then, the actual implementation of the <span class="hlt">faults</span> into the breadboard is discussed along with a discussion describing the LASEPS breadboard. Finally, the results of the injected <span class="hlt">faults</span> and breadboard failures are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRB..122..372B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRB..122..372B"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> creep rates of the Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span> (Afghanistan and Pakistan) inferred from InSAR</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Barnhart, William D.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span> is the major strike-slip structural boundary between the India and Eurasia plates. Despite sinistral slip rates similar to the North America-Pacific plate boundary, no major (>M7) earthquakes have been documented along the Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span>, indicating that the <span class="hlt">fault</span> either creeps aseismically or is at a late stage in its seismic cycle. Recent work with remotely sensed interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series documented a heterogeneous distribution of <span class="hlt">fault</span> creep and interseismic coupling along the entire length of the Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span>, including an 125 km long creeping segment and an 95 km long locked segment within the region documented in this study. Here I present additional InSAR time series results from the Envisat and ALOS radar missions spanning the <span class="hlt">southern</span> and central Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span> in an effort to constrain the locking depth, dip, and slip direction of the Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span>. I find that the <span class="hlt">fault</span> deviates little from a vertical geometry and accommodates little to no <span class="hlt">fault</span>-normal displacements. Peak-documented creep rates on the <span class="hlt">fault</span> are 9-12 mm/yr, accounting for 25-33% of the total motion between India and Eurasia, and locking depths in creeping segments are commonly shallower than 500 m. The magnitude of the 1892 Chaman earthquake is well predicted by the total area of the 95 km long coupled segment. To a first order, the heterogeneous distribution of aseismic creep combined with consistently shallow locking depths suggests that the <span class="hlt">southern</span> and central Chaman <span class="hlt">fault</span> may only produce small to moderate earthquakes (<M7).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110009998','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110009998"><span>Robust <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Detection and Isolation for Stochastic <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>George, Jemin; Gregory, Irene M.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>This paper outlines the formulation of a robust <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection and isolation scheme that can precisely detect and isolate simultaneous actuator and sensor <span class="hlt">faults</span> for uncertain linear stochastic <span class="hlt">systems</span>. The given robust <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection scheme based on the discontinuous robust observer approach would be able to distinguish between model uncertainties and actuator failures and therefore eliminate the problem of false alarms. Since the proposed approach involves precise reconstruction of sensor <span class="hlt">faults</span>, it can also be used for sensor <span class="hlt">fault</span> identification and the reconstruction of true outputs from faulty sensor outputs. Simulation results presented here validate the effectiveness of the robust <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection and isolation <span class="hlt">system</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T41B2923M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T41B2923M"><span>Holocene geologic slip rate for the Mission Creek strand of the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, northern Coachella Valley, CA.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Munoz, J. J.; Behr, W. M.; Sharp, W. D.; Fryer, R.; Gold, P. O.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Slip on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the northwestern Coachella Valley in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California is partitioned between three strands, the Mission Creek, Garnet Hill, and Banning strands. In the vicinity of the Indio Hills, the NW striking Mission Creek strand extends from the Indio Hills into the San Bernardino Mountains, whereas the Banning and Garnet Hill strands strike WNW and transfer slip into the San Gorgonio Pass region. Together, these three <span class="hlt">faults</span> accommodate 20 mm/yr of right-lateral motion. Determining which strand accommodates the majority of <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip and how slip rates on these strands have varied during the Quaternary is critical to seismic hazard assessment for the <span class="hlt">southern</span> California region. Here we present a new Holocene geologic slip rate from an alluvial fan offset along the Mission Creek strand at the Three Palms site in the Indio Hills. Field mapping and remote sensing using the B4 LiDAR data indicates that the Three Palms fan is offset 57 +/- 3 meters. U-series dating on pedogenic carbonate rinds collected at 25-100 cm depth within the fan deposit constrain the minimum depositional age to 3.49 +/- 0.92 ka, yielding a maximum slip rate of 16 +6.1/-3.8 mm/yr. This Holocene maximum slip rate overlaps within errors with a previously published late Pleistocene slip rate of 12-22 mm/yr measured at Biskra Palms, a few kilometers to the south. Cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure samples were also collected from the fan surface to bracket the maximum depositional age. These samples have been processed and are currently awaiting AMS measurement.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..118a2002A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..118a2002A"><span>The geometry of pull-apart basins in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> part of Sumatran strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Aribowo, Sonny</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Models of pull-apart basin geometry have been described by many previous studies in a variety tectonic setting. 2D geometry of Ranau Lake represents a pull-apart basin in the Sumatran <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone. However, there are unclear geomorphic traces of two sub-parallel overlapping strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the boundary of the lake. Nonetheless, clear geomorphic traces that parallel to Kumering Segment of the Sumatran <span class="hlt">Fault</span> are considered as inactive <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> side of the lake. I demonstrate the angular characteristics of the Ranau Lake and Suoh complex pull-apart basins and compare with pull-apart basin examples from published studies. I use digital elevation model (DEM) image to sketch the shape of the depression of Ranau Lake and Suoh Valley and measure 2D geometry of pull-apart basins. This study shows that Ranau Lake is not a pull-apart basin, and the pull-apart basin is actually located in the eastern side of the lake. Since there is a clear connection between pull-apart basin and volcanic activity in Sumatra, I also predict that the unclear trace of the pull-apart basin near Ranau Lake may be covered by Ranau Caldera and Seminung volcanic products.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeoRL..44.2427F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeoRL..44.2427F"><span>Tsunamigenic potential of a newly discovered active <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone in the outer Messina Strait, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Italy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fu, Lili; Heidarzadeh, Mohammad; Cukur, Deniz; Chiocci, Francesco L.; Ridente, Domenico; Gross, Felix; Bialas, Jörg; Krastel, Sebastian</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>The 1908 Messina tsunami was the most catastrophic tsunami hitting the coastline of <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Italy in the younger past. The source of this tsunami, however, is still heavily debated, and both rupture along a <span class="hlt">fault</span> and a slope failure have been postulated as potential origin of the tsunami. Here we report a newly discovered active Fiumefreddo-Melito di Porto Salvo <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone (F-MPS_FZ), which is located in the outer Messina Strait in a proposed landslide source area of the 1908 Messina tsunami. Tsunami modeling showed that this <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone would produce devastating tsunamis by assuming slip amounts of ≥5 m. An assumed slip of up to 17 m could even generate a tsunami comparable to the 1908 Messina tsunami, but we do not consider the F-MPS_FZ as a source for the 1908 Messina tsunami because its E-W strike contradicts seismological observations of the 1908 Messina earthquake. Future researches on the F-MPS_FZ, however, may contribute to the tsunami risk assessment in the Messina Strait.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19890027986&hterms=power+cables&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dpower%2Bcables','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19890027986&hterms=power+cables&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dpower%2Bcables"><span>Dynamic characteristics of a 20 kHz resonant power <span class="hlt">system</span> - <span class="hlt">Fault</span> identification and <span class="hlt">fault</span> recovery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wasynczuk, O.</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>A detailed simulation of a dc inductor resonant driver and receiver is used to demonstrate the transient characteristics of a 20 kHz resonant power <span class="hlt">system</span> during <span class="hlt">fault</span> and overload conditions. The simulated <span class="hlt">system</span> consists of a dc inductor resonant inverter (driver), a 50-meter transmission cable, and a dc inductor resonant receiver load. Of particular interest are the driver and receiver performance during <span class="hlt">fault</span> and overload conditions and on the recovery characteristics following removal of the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The information gained from these studies sets the stage for further work in <span class="hlt">fault</span> identification and autonomous power <span class="hlt">system</span> control.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SedG..365...62L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SedG..365...62L"><span>Sedimentary evidence of historical and prehistorical earthquakes along the Venta de Bravo <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>, Acambay Graben (Central Mexico)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lacan, Pierre; Ortuño, María; Audin, Laurence; Perea, Hector; Baize, Stephane; Aguirre-Díaz, Gerardo; Zúñiga, F. Ramón</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The Venta de Bravo normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> is one of the longest structures in the intra-arc <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. It defines, together with the Pastores <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, the 80 km long <span class="hlt">southern</span> margin of the Acambay Graben. We focus on the westernmost segment of the Venta de Bravo <span class="hlt">Fault</span> and provide new paleoseismological information, evaluate its earthquake history, and assess the related seismic hazard. We analyzed five trenches, distributed at three different sites, in which Holocene surface <span class="hlt">faulting</span> offsets interbedded volcanoclastic, fluvio-lacustrine and colluvial deposits. Despite the lack of known historical destructive earthquakes along this <span class="hlt">fault</span>, we found evidence of at least eight earthquakes during the late Quaternary. Our results indicate that this is one of the major seismic sources of the Acambay Graben, capable of producing by itself earthquakes with magnitudes (MW) up to 6.9, with a slip rate of 0.22-0.24 mm yr- 1 and a recurrence interval between 1940 and 2390 years. In addition, a possible multi-<span class="hlt">fault</span> rupture of the Venta de Bravo <span class="hlt">Fault</span> together with other <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the Acambay Graben could result in a MW > 7 earthquake. These new slip rates, earthquake recurrence rates, and estimation of slips per event help advance our understanding of the seismic hazard posed by the Venta de Bravo <span class="hlt">Fault</span> and provide new parameters for further hazard assessment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T22B..03K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T22B..03K"><span>Earthquake behavior along the Levant <span class="hlt">fault</span> from paleoseismology (Invited)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Klinger, Y.; Le Beon, M.; Wechsler, N.; Rockwell, T. K.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>The Levant <span class="hlt">fault</span> is a major continental structure 1200 km-long that bounds the Arabian plate to the west. The finite offset of this left-lateral strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> is estimated to be 105 km for the section located south of the restraining bend corresponding roughly to Lebanon. Along this <span class="hlt">southern</span> section the slip-rate has been estimated over a large range of time scales, from few years to few hundreds thousands of years. Over these different time scales, studies agree for the slip-rate to be 5mm/yr × 2 mm/yr. The <span class="hlt">southern</span> section of the Levant <span class="hlt">fault</span> is particularly attractive to study earthquake behavior through time for several reasons: 1/ The <span class="hlt">fault</span> geometry is simple and well constrained. 2/ The <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> is isolated and does not interact with obvious neighbor <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span>. 3/ The Middle-East, where the Levant <span class="hlt">fault</span> is located, is the region in the world where one finds the longest and most complete historical record of past earthquakes. About 30 km north of the city of Aqaba, we opened a trench in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> part of the Yotvata playa, along the Wadi Araba <span class="hlt">fault</span> segment. The stratigraphy presents silty sand playa units alternating with coarser sand sediments from alluvial fans flowing westwards from the Jordan plateau. Two <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones can be recognized in the trench and a minimum of 8 earthquakes can be identified, based on upward terminations of ground ruptures. Dense 14C dating through the entire exposure allows matching the 4 most recent events with historical events in AD1458, AD1212, AD1068 and AD748. Size of the ground rupture suggests a bi-modal distribution of earthquakes with earthquakes rupturing the entire Wadi Araba segment and earthquakes ending in the extensional jog forming the playa. Timing of earthquakes shows that no earthquakes occurred at this site since about 600 years, suggesting earthquake clustering along this section of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> and potential for a large earthquake in the near future. 3D paleoseismological trenches at the Beteiha</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25747198','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25747198"><span>Sliding mode based <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection, reconstruction and <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant control scheme for motor <span class="hlt">systems</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mekki, Hemza; Benzineb, Omar; Boukhetala, Djamel; Tadjine, Mohamed; Benbouzid, Mohamed</p> <p>2015-07-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant control problem belongs to the domain of complex control <span class="hlt">systems</span> in which inter-control-disciplinary information and expertise are required. This paper proposes an improved <span class="hlt">faults</span> detection, reconstruction and <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant control (FTC) scheme for motor <span class="hlt">systems</span> (MS) with typical <span class="hlt">faults</span>. For this purpose, a sliding mode controller (SMC) with an integral sliding surface is adopted. This controller can make the output of <span class="hlt">system</span> to track the desired position reference signal in finite-time and obtain a better dynamic response and anti-disturbance performance. But this controller cannot deal directly with total <span class="hlt">system</span> failures. However an appropriate combination of the adopted SMC and sliding mode observer (SMO), later it is designed to on-line detect and reconstruct the <span class="hlt">faults</span> and also to give a sensorless control strategy which can achieve tolerance to a wide class of total additive failures. The closed-loop stability is proved, using the Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation results in healthy and faulty conditions confirm the reliability of the suggested framework. Copyright © 2015 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1334/','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1334/"><span>The Trans-Rocky Mountain <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> - A Fundamental Precambrian Strike-Slip <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Sims, P.K.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Recognition of a major Precambrian continental-scale, two-stage conjugate strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> - here designated as the Trans-Rocky Mountain <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> - provides new insights into the architecture of the North American continent. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> consists chiefly of steep linear to curvilinear, en echelon, braided and branching ductile-brittle shears and <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and local coeval en echelon folds of northwest strike, that cut indiscriminately across both Proterozoic and Archean cratonic elements. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> formed during late stages of two distinct tectonic episodes: Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic orogenies at about 2.70 and 1.70 billion years (Ga). In the Archean Superior province, the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> formed (about 2.70-2.65 Ga) during a late stage of the main deformation that involved oblique shortening (dextral transpression) across the region and progressed from crystal-plastic to ductile-brittle deformation. In Paleoproterozoic terranes, the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> formed about 1.70 Ga, shortly following amalgamation of Paleoproterozoic and Archean terranes and the main Paleoproterozoic plastic-fabric-producing events in the protocontinent, chiefly during sinistral transpression. The postulated driving force for the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> is subcontinental mantle deformation, the bottom-driven deformation of previous investigators. This model, based on seismic anisotropy, invokes mechanical coupling and subsequent shear between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere such that a major driving force for plate motion is deep-mantle flow.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.S51C1432B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.S51C1432B"><span>Quasi-dynamic earthquake <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> with rheological heterogeneity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brietzke, G. B.; Hainzl, S.; Zoeller, G.; Holschneider, M.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>Seismic risk and hazard estimates mostly use pure empirical, stochastic models of earthquake <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> tuned specifically to the vulnerable areas of interest. Although such models allow for reasonable risk estimates, such models cannot allow for physical statements of the described seismicity. In contrary such empirical stochastic models, physics based earthquake <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> models allow for a physical reasoning and interpretation of the produced seismicity and <span class="hlt">system</span> dynamics. Recently different <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> earthquake simulators based on frictional stick-slip behavior have been used to study effects of stress heterogeneity, rheological heterogeneity, or geometrical complexity on earthquake occurrence, spatial and temporal clustering of earthquakes, and <span class="hlt">system</span> dynamics. Here we present a comparison of characteristics of synthetic earthquake catalogs produced by two different formulations of quasi-dynamic <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> earthquake simulators. Both models are based on discretized frictional <span class="hlt">faults</span> embedded in an elastic half-space. While one (1) is governed by rate- and state-dependent friction with allowing three evolutionary stages of independent <span class="hlt">fault</span> patches, the other (2) is governed by instantaneous frictional weakening with scheduled (and therefore causal) stress transfer. We analyze spatial and temporal clustering of events and characteristics of <span class="hlt">system</span> dynamics by means of physical parameters of the two approaches.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.S31A2716B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.S31A2716B"><span>Application of Phase-Weighted Stacking to Low-Frequency Earthquakes near the Alpine <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, Central <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alps, New Zealand</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Baratin, L. M.; Townend, J.; Chamberlain, C. J.; Savage, M. K.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Characterising seismicity in the vicinity of the Alpine <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, a major transform boundary late in its typical earthquake cycle, may provide constraints on the state of stress preceding a large earthquake. Here, we use recently detected tremor and low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) to examine how slow tectonic deformation is loading the Alpine <span class="hlt">Fault</span> toward an anticipated major rupture. We work with a continuous seismic dataset collected between 2009 and 2012 from a network of short-period seismometers, the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alps Microearthquake Borehole Array (SAMBA). Fourteen primary LFE templates have been used to scan the dataset using a matched-filter technique based on an iterative cross-correlation routine. This method allows the detection of similar signals and establishes LFE families with common hypocenter locations. The detections are then combined for each LFE family using phase-weighted stacking (Thurber et al., 2014) to produce a signal with the highest possible signal to noise ratio. We find this method to be successful in increasing the number of LFE detections by roughly 10% in comparison with linear stacking. Our next step is to manually pick polarities on first arrivals of the phase-weighted stacked signals and compute preliminary locations. We are working to estimate LFE focal mechanism parameters and refine the focal mechanism solutions using an amplitude ratio technique applied to the linear stacks. LFE focal mechanisms should provide new insight into the geometry and rheology of the Alpine <span class="hlt">Fault</span> and the stress field prevailing in the central <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alps.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70018406','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70018406"><span>The Border Ranges <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska: Evidence for major early Cenozoic dextral strike-slip motion</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Smart, K.J.; Pavlis, T.L.; Sisson, V.B.; Roeske, S.M.; Snee, L.W.</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>The Border Ranges <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> of <span class="hlt">southern</span> Alaska, the fundamental break between the arc basement and the forearc accretionary complex, is the boundary between the Peninsular-Alexander-Wrangellia terrane and the Chugach terrane. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> separates crystalline rocks of the Alexander terrane from metamorphic rocks of the Chugach terrane in Glacier Bay National Park. Mylonitic rocks in the zone record abundant evidence for dextral strike-slip motion along north-northwest-striking subvertical surfaces. Geochronologic data together with regional correlations of Chugach terrane rocks involved in the deformation constrain this movement between latest Cretaceous and Early Eocene (???50 Ma). These findings are in agreement with studies to the northwest and southeast along the Border Ranges <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> which show dextral strike-slip motion occurring between 58 and 50 Ma. Correlations between Glacier Bay plutons and rocks of similar ages elsewhere along the Border Ranges <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> suggest that as much as 700 km of dextral motion may have been accommodated by this structure. These observations are consistent with oblique convergence of the Kula plate during early Cenozoic and forearc slivering above an ancient subduction zone following late Mesozoic accretion of the Peninsular-Alexander-Wrangellia terrane to North America.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19830013861&hterms=pragmatics&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dpragmatics','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19830013861&hterms=pragmatics&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dpragmatics"><span>Software <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance for real-time avionics <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Anderson, T.; Knight, J. C.</p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p>Avionics <span class="hlt">systems</span> have very high reliability requirements and are therefore prime candidates for the inclusion of <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance techniques. In order to provide tolerance to software <span class="hlt">faults</span>, some form of state restoration is usually advocated as a means of recovery. State restoration can be very expensive for <span class="hlt">systems</span> which utilize concurrent processes. The concurrency present in most avionics <span class="hlt">systems</span> and the further difficulties introduced by timing constraints imply that providing tolerance for software <span class="hlt">faults</span> may be inordinately expensive or complex. A straightforward pragmatic approach to software <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance which is believed to be applicable to many real-time avionics <span class="hlt">systems</span> is proposed. A classification <span class="hlt">system</span> for software errors is presented together with approaches to recovery and continued service for each error type.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AGUFM.S31D..04S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AGUFM.S31D..04S"><span>Parallel <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Strands at 9-km Depth Resolved on the Imperial <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shearer, P. M.</p> <p>2001-12-01</p> <p>The Imperial <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is one of the most active <span class="hlt">faults</span> in California with several M>6 events during the 20th century and geodetic results suggesting that it currently carries almost 80% of the total plate motion between the Pacific and North American plates. We apply waveform cross-correlation to a group of ~1500 microearthquakes along the Imperial <span class="hlt">Fault</span> and find that about 25% of the events form similar event clusters. Event relocation based on precise differential times among events in these clusters reveals multiple streaks of seismicity up to 5 km in length that are at a nearly constant depth of ~9 km but are spaced about 0.5 km apart in map view. These multiples are unlikely to be a location artifact because they are spaced more widely than the computed location errors and different streaks can be resolved within individual similar event clusters. The streaks are parallel to the mapped surface rupture of the 1979 Mw=6.5 Imperial Valley earthquake. No obvious temporal migration of the event locations is observed. Limited focal mechanism data for the events within the streaks are consistent with right-lateral slip on vertical <span class="hlt">fault</span> planes. The seismicity not contained in similar event clusters cannot be located as precisely; our locations for these events scatter between 7 and 11 km depth, but it is possible that their true locations could be much more tightly clustered. The observed streaks have some similarities to those previously observed in northern California along the San Andreas and Hayward <span class="hlt">faults</span> (e.g., Rubin et al., 1999; Waldhauser et al., 1999); however those streaks were imaged within a single <span class="hlt">fault</span> plane rather than the multiple <span class="hlt">faults</span> resolved on the Imperial <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. The apparent constant depth of the Imperial streaks is similar to that seen in Hawaii at much shallower depth by Gillard et al. (1996). Geodetic results (e.g., Lyons et al., 2001) suggest that the Imperial <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is currently slipping at 45 mm/yr below a locked portion that extends to ~10</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T31F2573K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T31F2573K"><span>3D seismic detection of shallow <span class="hlt">faults</span> and fluid migration pathways offshore <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Costa Rica: Application of neural-network meta-attributes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kluesner, J. W.; Silver, E. A.; Nale, S. M.; Bangs, N. L.; McIntosh, K. D.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>We employ a seismic meta-attribute workflow to detect and analyze probable <span class="hlt">faults</span> and fluid-pathways in 3D within the sedimentary section offshore <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Costa Rica. During the CRISP seismic survey in 2011 we collected an 11 x 55 km grid of 3D seismic reflection data and high-resolvability EM122 multibeam data, with coverage extending from the incoming plate to the outer-shelf. We mapped numerous seafloor seep indicators, with distributions ranging from the lower-slope to ~15 km landward of the shelf break [Kluesner et al., 2013, G3, doi:10.1002/ggge.20058; Silver et al., this meeting]. We used the OpendTect software package to calculate meta-attribute volumes from the 3D seismic data in order to detect and visualize seismic discontinuities in 3D. This methodology consists of dip-steered filtering to pre-condition the data, followed by combining a set of advanced dip-steered seismic attributes into a single object probability attribute using a user-trained neural-network pattern-recognition algorithm. The parameters of the advanced seismic attributes are set for optimal detection of the desired geologic discontinuity (e.g. <span class="hlt">faults</span> or fluid-pathways). The product is a measure of probability for the desired target that ranges between 0 and 1, with 1 representing the highest probability. Within the sedimentary section of the CRISP survey the results indicate focused fluid-migration pathways along dense networks of intersecting normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> with approximately N-S and E-W trends. This pattern extends from the middle slope to the outer-shelf region. Dense clusters of fluid-migration pathways are located above basement highs and deeply rooted reverse <span class="hlt">faults</span> [see Bangs et al., this meeting], including a dense zone of fluid-pathways imaged below IODP Site U1413. In addition, <span class="hlt">fault</span> intersections frequently show an increased signal of fluid-migration and these zones may act as major conduits for fluid-flow through the sedimentary cover. Imaged fluid pathways root into high</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.T41C..04R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.T41C..04R"><span>The Non-Regularity of Earthquake Recurrence in California: Lessons From Long Paleoseismic Records in Simple vs Complex <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Regions (Invited)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rockwell, T. K.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>A long paleoseismic record at Hog Lake on the central San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span> (SJF) in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California documents evidence for 18 surface ruptures in the past 3.8-4 ka. This yields a long-term recurrence interval of about 210 years, consistent with its slip rate of ~16 mm/yr and field observations of 3-4 m of displacement per event. However, during the past 3800 years, the <span class="hlt">fault</span> has switched from a quasi-periodic mode of earthquake production, during which the recurrence interval is similar to the long-term average, to clustered behavior with the inter-event periods as short as a few decades. There are also some periods as long as 450 years during which there were no surface ruptures, and these periods are commonly followed by one to several closely-timed ruptures. The coefficient of variation (CV) for the timing of these earthquakes is about 0.6 for the past 4000 years (17 intervals). Similar behavior has been observed on the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (SAF) south of the Transverse Ranges where clusters of earthquakes have been followed by periods of lower seismic production, and the CV is as high as 0.7 for some portions of the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. In contrast, the central North Anatolian <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (NAF) in Turkey, which ruptured in 1944, appears to have produced ruptures with similar displacement at fairly regular intervals for the past 1600 years. With a CV of 0.16 for timing, and close to 0.1 for displacement, the 1944 rupture segment near Gerede appears to have been both periodic and characteristic. The SJF and SAF are part of a broad plate boundary <span class="hlt">system</span> with multiple parallel strands with significant slip rates. Additional <span class="hlt">faults</span> lay to the east (Eastern California shear zone) and west (<span class="hlt">faults</span> of the LA basin and <span class="hlt">southern</span> California Borderland), which makes the <span class="hlt">southern</span> SAF <span class="hlt">system</span> a complex and broad plate boundary zone. In comparison, the 1944 rupture section of the NAF is simple, straight and highly localized, which contrasts with the complex <span class="hlt">system</span> of parallel <span class="hlt">faults</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70017964','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70017964"><span>Probability of one or more M ≥7 earthquakes in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California in 30 years</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Savage, J.C.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>Eight earthquakes of magnitude greater than or equal to seven have occurred in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California in the past 200 years. If one assumes that such events are the product of a Poisson process, the probability of one or more earthquakes of magnitude seven or larger in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California within any 30 year interval is 67% ?? 23% (95% confidence interval). Because five of the eight M ??? 7 earthquakes in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California in the last 200 years occurred away from the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, the probability of one or more M ??? 7 earthquakes in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California but not on the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> occurring within 30 years is 52% ?? 27% (95% confidence interval). -Author</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..261a2003R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..261a2003R"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span>-tolerant Control of a Cyber-physical <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Roxana, Rusu-Both; Eva-Henrietta, Dulf</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>Cyber-physical <span class="hlt">systems</span> represent a new emerging field in automatic control. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> is a key component, because modern, large scale processes must meet high standards of performance, reliability and safety. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> propagation in large scale chemical processes can lead to loss of production, energy, raw materials and even environmental hazard. The present paper develops a multi-agent <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant control architecture using robust fractional order controllers for a (13C) cryogenic separation column cascade. The JADE (Java Agent DEvelopment Framework) platform was used to implement the multi-agent <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant control <span class="hlt">system</span> while the operational model of the process was implemented in Matlab/SIMULINK environment. MACSimJX (Multiagent Control Using Simulink with Jade Extension) toolbox was used to link the control <span class="hlt">system</span> and the process model. In order to verify the performance and to prove the feasibility of the proposed control architecture several <span class="hlt">fault</span> simulation scenarios were performed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900012177','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900012177"><span>Age constraints for the present <span class="hlt">fault</span> configuration in the Imperial Valley, California: Evidence for northwestward propagation of the Gulf of California rift <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Larsen, Shawn; Reilinger, Robert</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>Releveling and other geophysical data for the Imperial Valley of <span class="hlt">southern</span> California suggest the northern section of the Imperial-Brawley <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, which includes the Mesquite Basin and Brawley Seismic Zone, is much younger than the 4 to 5 million year age of the valley itself. A minimum age of 3000 years is calculated for the northern segment of the Imperial <span class="hlt">fault</span> from correlations between surface topography and geodetically observed seismic/interseismic vertical movements. Calculations of a maximum age of 80,000 years is based upon displacements in the crystalline basement along the Imperial <span class="hlt">fault</span>, inferred from seismic refraction surveys. This young age supports recent interpretations of heat flow measurements, which also suggest that the current patterns of seismicity and <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the Imperial Valley are not long lived. The current <span class="hlt">fault</span> geometry and basement morphology suggest northwestward growth of the Imperial <span class="hlt">fault</span> and migration of the Brawley Seismic Zone. It is suggested that this migration is a manifestation of the propagation of the Gulf of California rift <span class="hlt">system</span> into the North American continent.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090035864','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090035864"><span>Estimation of <span class="hlt">Faults</span> in DC Electrical Power <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gorinevsky, Dimitry; Boyd, Stephen; Poll, Scott</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>This paper demonstrates a novel optimization-based approach to estimating <span class="hlt">fault</span> states in a DC power <span class="hlt">system</span>. Potential <span class="hlt">faults</span> changing the circuit topology are included along with faulty measurements. Our approach can be considered as a relaxation of the mixed estimation problem. We develop a linear model of the circuit and pose a convex problem for estimating the <span class="hlt">faults</span> and other hidden states. A sparse <span class="hlt">fault</span> vector solution is computed by using 11 regularization. The solution is computed reliably and efficiently, and gives accurate diagnostics on the <span class="hlt">faults</span>. We demonstrate a real-time implementation of the approach for an instrumented electrical power <span class="hlt">system</span> testbed, the ADAPT testbed at NASA ARC. The estimates are computed in milliseconds on a PC. The approach performs well despite unmodeled transients and other modeling uncertainties present in the <span class="hlt">system</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T23E0653H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T23E0653H"><span>Role of the Precambrian Mughese Shear Zone on Cenozoic <span class="hlt">faulting</span> along the Rukwa-Malawi Rift segment of the East African Rift <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Heilman, E.; Kolawole, F.; Mayle, M.; Atekwana, E. A.; Abdelsalam, M. G.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>We address the longstanding question of the role of long-lived basement structures in strain accommodation within active rift <span class="hlt">systems</span>. Studies have highlighted the influence of pre-existing zones of lithospheric weakness in modulating <span class="hlt">faulting</span> and <span class="hlt">fault</span> kinematics. Here, we investigate the role of the Neoproterozoic Mughese Shear Zone (MSZ) in Cenozoic rifting along the Rukwa-Malawi rift segment of the East African Rift <span class="hlt">System</span> (EARS). Detailed analyses of Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM and filtered aeromagnetic data allowed us to determine the relationship between rift-related basement-rooted normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> and the MSZ fabric extending along the <span class="hlt">southern</span> boundary of the Rukwa-Malawi Rift North Basin. Our results show that the magnetic lineaments defining the MSZ coincide with the collinear Rukwa Rift border <span class="hlt">fault</span> (Ufipa <span class="hlt">Fault</span>), a dextral strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> (Mughese <span class="hlt">Fault</span>), and the North Basin hinge-zone <span class="hlt">fault</span> (Mbiri <span class="hlt">Fault</span>). <span class="hlt">Fault</span>-scarp and minimum <span class="hlt">fault</span>-throw analyses reveal that within the Rukwa Rift, the Ufipa Border <span class="hlt">Fault</span> has been accommodating significant displacement relative to the Lupa Border <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, which represents the northeastern border <span class="hlt">fault</span> of the Rukwa Rift. Our analysis also shows that within the North Basin half-graben, the Mbiri <span class="hlt">Fault</span> has accommodated the most vertical displacement relative to other <span class="hlt">faults</span> along the half-graben hinge zone. We propose that the Cenozoic reactivation along the MSZ facilitated significant normal slip displacement along the Ufipa Border <span class="hlt">Fault</span> and the Mbiri <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, and minor dextral strike-slip between the two <span class="hlt">faults</span>. We suggest that the <span class="hlt">fault</span> kinematics along the Rukwa-Malawi Rift is the result of reactivation of the MSZ through regional oblique extension.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EPSC...10..927G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EPSC...10..927G"><span>Timing of activity of two <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> on Mercury</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Galluzzi, V.; Guzzetta, L.; Giacomini, L.; Ferranti, L.; Massironi, M.; Palumbo, P.</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>Here we discuss about two <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> found in the Victoria and Shakespeare quadrangles of Mercury. The two <span class="hlt">fault</span> sets intersect each other and show probable evidence for two stages of deformation. The most prominent <span class="hlt">system</span> is N-S oriented and encompasses several tens to hundreds of kilometers long and easily recognizable <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments. The other <span class="hlt">system</span> strikes NE- SW and encompasses mostly degraded and short <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments. The structural framework of the studied area and the morphological appearance of the <span class="hlt">faults</span> suggest that the second <span class="hlt">system</span> is older than the first one. We intend to apply the buffered crater counting technique on both <span class="hlt">systems</span> to make a quantitative study of their timing of activity that could confirm the already clear morphological evidence.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Tectp.724..171H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Tectp.724..171H"><span>GPS measurements of crustal deformation across the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Arava Valley section of the Dead Sea <span class="hlt">Fault</span> and implications to regional seismic hazard assessment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hamiel, Yariv; Masson, Frederic; Piatibratova, Oksana; Mizrahi, Yaakov</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Detailed analysis of crustal deformation along the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Arava Valley section of the Dead Sea <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is presented. Using dense GPS measurements we obtain the velocities of new near- and far-field campaign stations across the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. We find that this section is locked with a locking depth of 19.9 ± 7.7 km and a slip rate of 5.0 ± 0.8 mm/yr. The geodetically determined locking depth is found to be highly consistent with the thickness of the seismogenic zone in this region. Analysis of instrumental seismic record suggests that only 1% of the total seismic moment accumulated since the last large event occurred about 800 years ago, was released by small to moderate earthquakes. Historical and paleo-seismic catalogs of this region together with instrumental seismic data and calculations of Coulomb stress changes induced by the 1995 Mw 7.2 Nuweiba earthquake suggest that the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Arava Valley section of the Dead Sea <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is in the late stage of the current interseismic period.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Tectp.722...11C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Tectp.722...11C"><span>Geomorphological and structural characterization of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Weihe Graben, central China: Implications for <span class="hlt">fault</span> segmentation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cheng, Yali; He, Chuanqi; Rao, Gang; Yan, Bing; Lin, Aiming; Hu, Jianmin; Yu, Yangli; Yao, Qi</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The Cenozoic graben <span class="hlt">systems</span> around the tectonically stable Ordos Block, central China, have been considered as ideal places for investigating active deformation within continental rifts, such as the Weihe Graben at the <span class="hlt">southern</span> margin with high historical seismicity (e.g., 1556 M 8.5 Huaxian great earthquake). However, previous investigations have mostly focused on the active structures in the eastern and northern parts of this graben. By contrast, in the southwest, tectonic activity along the northern margin of the Qinling Mountains has not been systematically investigated yet. In this study, based on digital elevation models (DEMs), we carried out geomorphological analysis to evaluate the relative tectonic activity along the whole South Border <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (SBF). On the basis of field observations, high resolution DEMs acquired by small unmanned aerial vehicles (sUVA) using structure-for-motion techniques, radiocarbon (14C) age dating, we demonstrate that: 1) Tectonic activity along the SBF changes along strike, being higher in the eastern sector. 2) Seven major segment boundaries have been assigned, where the <span class="hlt">fault</span> changes its strike and has lower tectonic activity. 3) The <span class="hlt">fault</span> segment between the cities of Huaxian and Huayin characterized by almost pure normal slip has been active during the Holocene. We suggest that these findings would provide a basis for further investigating on the seismic risk in densely-populated Weihe Graben. Table S2. The values and classification of geomorphic indices obtained in this study. Fig. S1. Morphological features of the stream long profiles (Nos. 1-75) and corresponding SLK values. Fig. S2. Comparison of geomorphological parameters acquired from different DEMs (90-m SRTM and 30-m ASTER GDEM): (a) HI values; (b) HI linear regression; (c) mean slope of drainage basin; (d) mean slope linear regression.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900012989','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900012989"><span>NASA ground terminal communication equipment automated <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation expert <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Tang, Y. K.; Wetzel, C. R.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>The prototype expert <span class="hlt">systems</span> are described that diagnose the Distribution and Switching <span class="hlt">System</span> I and II (DSS1 and DSS2), Statistical Multiplexers (SM), and Multiplexer and Demultiplexer <span class="hlt">systems</span> (MDM) at the NASA Ground Terminal (NGT). A <span class="hlt">system</span> level <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation expert <span class="hlt">system</span> monitors the activities of a selected data stream, verifies that the <span class="hlt">fault</span> exists in the NGT and identifies the faulty equipment. Equipment level <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation expert <span class="hlt">systems</span> are invoked to isolate the <span class="hlt">fault</span> to a Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) level. Input and sometimes output data stream activities for the equipment are available. The <span class="hlt">system</span> level <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation expert <span class="hlt">system</span> compares the equipment input and output status for a data stream and performs loopback tests (if necessary) to isolate the faulty equipment. The equipment level <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation <span class="hlt">system</span> utilizes the process of elimination and/or the maintenance personnel's <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation experience stored in its knowledge base. The DSS1, DSS2 and SM <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation <span class="hlt">systems</span>, using the knowledge of the current equipment configuration and the equipment circuitry issues a set of test connections according to the predefined rules. The faulty component or board can be identified by the expert <span class="hlt">system</span> by analyzing the test results. The MDM <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation <span class="hlt">system</span> correlates the failure symptoms with the faulty component based on maintenance personnel experience. The faulty component can be determined by knowing the failure symptoms. The DSS1, DSS2, SM, and MDM equipment simulators are implemented in PASCAL. The DSS1 <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation expert <span class="hlt">system</span> was converted to C language from VP-Expert and integrated into the NGT automation software for offline switch diagnoses. Potentially, the NGT <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation algorithms can be used for the DSS1, SM, amd MDM located at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT.......198A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT.......198A"><span>Comparing Different <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Identification Algorithms in Distributed Power <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Alkaabi, Salim</p> <p></p> <p>A power <span class="hlt">system</span> is a huge complex <span class="hlt">system</span> that delivers the electrical power from the generation units to the consumers. As the demand for electrical power increases, distributed power generation was introduced to the power <span class="hlt">system</span>. <span class="hlt">Faults</span> may occur in the power <span class="hlt">system</span> at any time in different locations. These <span class="hlt">faults</span> cause a huge damage to the <span class="hlt">system</span> as they might lead to full failure of the power <span class="hlt">system</span>. Using distributed generation in the power <span class="hlt">system</span> made it even harder to identify the location of the <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the <span class="hlt">system</span>. The main objective of this work is to test the different <span class="hlt">fault</span> location identification algorithms while tested on a power <span class="hlt">system</span> with the different amount of power injected using distributed generators. As <span class="hlt">faults</span> may lead the <span class="hlt">system</span> to full failure, this is an important area for research. In this thesis different <span class="hlt">fault</span> location identification algorithms have been tested and compared while the different amount of power is injected from distributed generators. The algorithms were tested on IEEE 34 node test feeder using MATLAB and the results were compared to find when these algorithms might fail and the reliability of these methods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19750005274','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19750005274"><span>Analysis of pseudocolor transformations of ERTS-1 images of <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California area. [geological <span class="hlt">faults</span> and lineaments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Merifield, P. M. (Principal Investigator); Lamar, D. L.; Stratton, R. H.; Lamar, J. V.; Gazley, C., Jr.</p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p>The author has identified the following significant results. Representative <span class="hlt">faults</span> and lineaments, natural features on the Mojave Desert, and cultural features of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> California area were studied on ERTS-1 images. The relative appearances of the features were compared on a band 4 and 5 subtraction image, its pseudocolor transformation, and pseudocolor images of bands 4, 5, and 7. Selected features were also evaluated in a test given students at the University of California, Los Angeles. Observations and the test revealed no significant improvement in the ability to detect and locate <span class="hlt">faults</span> and lineaments on the pseudocolor transformations. With the exception of dry lake surfaces, no enhancement of the features studied was observed on the bands 4 and 5 subtraction images. Geologic and geographic features characterized by minor tonal differences on relatively flat surfaces were enhanced on some of the pseudocolor images.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0111/pdf/of01-111.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0111/pdf/of01-111.pdf"><span>Seismic images and <span class="hlt">fault</span> relations of the Santa Monica thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span>, West Los Angeles, California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Catchings, R.D.; Gandhok, G.; Goldman, M.R.; Okaya, D.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>In May 1997, the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the University of <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California (USC) acquired high-resolution seismic reflection and refraction images on the grounds of the Wadsworth Veterans Administration Hospital (WVAH) in the city of Los Angeles (Fig. 1a,b). The objective of the seismic survey was to better understand the near-surface geometry and <span class="hlt">faulting</span> characteristics of the Santa Monica <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. In this report, we present seismic images, an interpretation of those images, and a comparison of our results with results from studies by Dolan and Pratt (1997), Pratt et al. (1998) and Gibbs et al. (2000). The Santa Monica <span class="hlt">fault</span> is one of the several northeast-southwest-trending, north-dipping, reverse <span class="hlt">faults</span> that extend through the Los Angeles metropolitan area (Fig. 1a). Through much of area, the Santa Monica <span class="hlt">fault</span> trends subparallel to the Hollywood <span class="hlt">fault</span>, but the two <span class="hlt">faults</span> apparently join into a single <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone to the southwest and to the northeast (Dolan et al., 1995). The Santa Monica and Hollywood <span class="hlt">faults</span> may be part of a larger <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> that extends from the Pacific Ocean to the Transverse Ranges. Crook et al. (1983) refer to this <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> as the Malibu Coast-Santa Monica-Raymond-Cucamonga <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. They suggest that these <span class="hlt">faults</span> have not formed a contiguous zone since the Pleistocene and conclude that each of the <span class="hlt">faults</span> should be treated as a separate <span class="hlt">fault</span> with respect to seismic hazards. However, Dolan et al. (1995) suggest that the Hollywood and Santa Monica <span class="hlt">faults</span> are capable of generating Mw 6.8 and Mw 7.0 earthquakes, respectively. Thus, regardless of whether the overall <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> is connected and capable of rupturing in one event, individually, each of the <span class="hlt">faults</span> present a sizable earthquake hazard to the Los Angeles metropolitan area. If, however, these <span class="hlt">faults</span> are connected, and they were to rupture along a continuous <span class="hlt">fault</span> rupture, the resulting hazard would be even greater. Although the Santa Monica <span class="hlt">fault</span> represents</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19820018700','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19820018700"><span>Intermittent/transient <span class="hlt">faults</span> in digital <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Masson, G. M.; Glazer, R. E.</p> <p>1982-01-01</p> <p>Containment set techniques are applied to 8085 microprocessor controllers so as to transform a typical control <span class="hlt">system</span> into a slightly modified version, shown to be crashproof: after the departure of the intermittent/transient <span class="hlt">fault</span>, return to one proper control algorithm is assured, assuming no permanent <span class="hlt">faults</span> occur.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760052254&hterms=secure+system&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dsecure%2Bsystem','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760052254&hterms=secure+system&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dsecure%2Bsystem"><span>Implementation of an experimental <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant memory <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Carter, W. C.; Mccarthy, C. E.</p> <p>1976-01-01</p> <p>The experimental <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant memory <span class="hlt">system</span> described in this paper has been designed to enable the modular addition of spares, to validate the theoretical <span class="hlt">fault</span>-secure and self-testing properties of the translator/corrector, to provide a basis for experiments using the new testing and correction processes for recovery, and to determine the practicality of such <span class="hlt">systems</span>. The hardware design and implementation are described, together with methods of <span class="hlt">fault</span> insertion. The hardware/software interface, including a restricted single error correction/double error detection (SEC/DED) code, is specified. Procedures are carefully described which, (1) test for specified physical <span class="hlt">faults</span>, (2) ensure that single error corrections are not miscorrections due to triple <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and (3) enable recovery from double errors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.G43A0901E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.G43A0901E"><span>Plate rotations, <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip rates, <span class="hlt">fault</span> locking, and distributed deformation in northern Central America from 1999-2017 GPS observations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ellis, A. P.; DeMets, C.; Briole, P.; Cosenza, B.; Flores, O.; Guzman-Speziale, M.; Hernandez, D.; Kostoglodov, V.; La Femina, P. C.; Lord, N. E.; Lasserre, C.; Lyon-Caen, H.; McCaffrey, R.; Molina, E.; Rodriguez, M.; Staller, A.; Rogers, R.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>We describe plate rotations, <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip rates, and <span class="hlt">fault</span> locking estimated from a new 100-station GPS velocity field at the western end of the Caribbean plate, where the Motagua-Polochic <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, Middle America trench, and Central America volcanic arc <span class="hlt">faults</span> converge. In northern Central America, fifty-one upper-plate earthquakes caused approximately 40,000 fatalities since 1900. The proximity of main population centers to these destructive earthquakes and the resulting loss of human life provide strong motivation for studying the present-day tectonics of Central America. Plate rotations, <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip rates, and deformation are quantified via a two-stage inversion of daily GPS position time series using TDEFNODE modeling software. In the first stage, transient deformation associated with three M>7 earthquakes in 2009 and 2012 is estimated and removed from the GPS position time series. In Stage 2, linear velocities determined from the corrected GPS time series are inverted to estimate deformation within the western Caribbean plate, slip rates along the Motagua-Polochic <span class="hlt">faults</span> and <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the Central America volcanic arc, and the gradient of extension in the Honduras-Guatemala wedge. Major outcomes of the second inversion include the following: (1) Confirmation that slip rates on the Motagua <span class="hlt">fault</span> decrease from 17-18 mm/yr at its eastern end to 0-5 mm/yr at its western end, in accord with previous results. (2) A transition from moderate subduction zone locking offshore from <span class="hlt">southern</span> Mexico and parts of <span class="hlt">southern</span> Guatemala to weak or zero coupling offshore from El Salvador and parts of Nicaragua along the Middle America trench. (3) Evidence for significant east-west extension in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Guatemala between the Motagua <span class="hlt">fault</span> and volcanic arc. Our study also shows evidence for creep on the eastern Motagua <span class="hlt">fault</span> that diminishes westward along the North America-Caribbean plate boundary.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JSG....46...76G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JSG....46...76G"><span>Mountain front migration and drainage captures related to <span class="hlt">fault</span> segment linkage and growth: The Polopos transpressive <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone (southeastern Betics, SE Spain)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Giaconia, Flavio; Booth-Rea, Guillermo; Martínez-Martínez, José Miguel; Azañón, José Miguel; Pérez-Romero, Joaquín; Villegas, Irene</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The Polopos E-W- to ESE-WNW-oriented dextral-reverse <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone is formed by the North Alhamilla reverse <span class="hlt">fault</span> and the North and South Gafarillos dextral <span class="hlt">faults</span>. It is a conjugate <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> of the sinistral NNE-SSW Palomares <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, active from the late most Tortonian (≈7 Ma) up to the late Pleistocene (≥70 ky) in the southeastern Betics. The helicoidal geometry of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone permits to shift SE-directed movement along the South Cabrera reverse <span class="hlt">fault</span> to NW-directed shortening along the North Alhamilla reverse <span class="hlt">fault</span> via vertical Gafarillos <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments, in between. Since the Messinian, <span class="hlt">fault</span> activity migrated southwards forming the South Gafarillos <span class="hlt">fault</span> and displacing the active <span class="hlt">fault</span>-related mountain-front from the north to the south of Sierra de Polopos; whilst recent activity of the North Alhamilla reverse <span class="hlt">fault</span> migrated westwards. The Polopos <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone determined the differential uplift between the Sierra Alhamilla and the Tabernas-Sorbas basin promoting the middle Pleistocene capture that occurred in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> margin of the Sorbas basin. Continued tectonic uplift of the Sierra Alhamilla-Polopos and Cabrera anticlinoria and local subsidence associated to the Palomares <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone in the Vera basin promoted the headward erosion of the Aguas river drainage that captured the Sorbas basin during the late Pleistocene.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T13A2507A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T13A2507A"><span>Extent and architecture of major <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> between northern Victoria Land and the eastern margin of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin (East Antarctica)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Armadillo, E.; Ferraccioli, F.; Balbi, P.; Bozzo, E.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Terrane bounding and intra-terrane <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the Ross Orogen in East Antarctica are linked to several phases of Cambrian to Ordovician age subduction and accretion along the active paleo-Pacific margin of Gondwana. Here we compile and analyse new enhanced aeromagnetic anomaly images over the Northern Victoria Land (NVL) segment of the Ross Orogen and the eastern margin of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin (WSB) that help constrain the extent and structural architecture of these <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> and enable us re-assess their tectonic evolution. Long-wavelength magnetic lows and residual Bouguer gravity highs are modelled as several-km thick inverted sedimentary basins of early Cambrian(?) age. Tectonic inversion occurred along major thrust <span class="hlt">faults</span> during the late stages of the Ross Orogen, forming a major high-grade pop-up structure within the central Wilson Terrane, flanked by lower grade rocks. The Prince Albert <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> can now be recongnised as being located to the west of the Exiles Thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> rather than representing its <span class="hlt">southern</span> continuation. Relatively thin sheets of mylonitic sheared granitoids and possible ultramafic lenses are associated with the late-Ross (ca 480 Ma) Exiles Thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, while significantly larger and thicker batholiths were emplaced along the Prince Albert <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>. Recent zircon U-Pb dating over small exposures of gabbro-diorites within the Prince Albert Mountains to the south lead us to propose that this part of the magmatic arc was emplaced during an earlier phase of subduction (~520 Ma or older?), compared to the late-Ross intrusions to the east. Whether the Prince Albert <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> was indeed a major cryptic suture in early Cambrian times (Ferraccioli et al., 2002, GRL) remains speculative, but possible. Our aeromagnetic interpretation leads us to conclude that these inherited terrane bounding and intra-terrane <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> of the Ross Orogen exerted a key influence on Cenozoic tectonic blocks and <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930000401&hterms=tree+identification&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dtree%2Bidentification','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930000401&hterms=tree+identification&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dtree%2Bidentification"><span>Software For <span class="hlt">Fault</span>-Tree Diagnosis Of A <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Iverson, Dave; Patterson-Hine, Ann; Liao, Jack</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fault</span> Tree Diagnosis <span class="hlt">System</span> (FTDS) computer program is automated-diagnostic-<span class="hlt">system</span> program identifying likely causes of specified failure on basis of information represented in <span class="hlt">system</span>-reliability mathematical models known as <span class="hlt">fault</span> trees. Is modified implementation of failure-cause-identification phase of Narayanan's and Viswanadham's methodology for acquisition of knowledge and reasoning in analyzing failures of <span class="hlt">systems</span>. Knowledge base of if/then rules replaced with object-oriented <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tree representation. Enhancement yields more-efficient identification of causes of failures and enables dynamic updating of knowledge base. Written in C language, C++, and Common LISP.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080004629','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080004629"><span>Arc burst pattern analysis <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Russell, B. Don (Inventor); Aucoin, B. Michael (Inventor); Benner, Carl L. (Inventor)</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>A method and apparatus are provided for detecting an arcing <span class="hlt">fault</span> on a power line carrying a load current. Parameters indicative of power flow and possible <span class="hlt">fault</span> events on the line, such as voltage and load current, are monitored and analyzed for an arc burst pattern exhibited by arcing <span class="hlt">faults</span> in a power <span class="hlt">system</span>. These arcing <span class="hlt">faults</span> are detected by identifying bursts of each half-cycle of the fundamental current. Bursts occurring at or near a voltage peak indicate arcing on that phase. Once a <span class="hlt">faulted</span> phase line is identified, a comparison of the current and voltage reveals whether the <span class="hlt">fault</span> is located in a downstream direction of power flow toward customers, or upstream toward a generation station. If the <span class="hlt">fault</span> is located downstream, the line is de-energized, and if located upstream, the line may remain energized to prevent unnecessary power outages.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T51A2894D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T51A2894D"><span>Flexure in the Corinth rift: reconciling marine terraces, rivers, offshore data and <span class="hlt">fault</span> modeling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>de Gelder, G.; Fernández-Blanco, D.; Jara-Muñoz, J.; Melnick, D.; Duclaux, G.; Bell, R. E.; Lacassin, R.; Armijo, R.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The Corinth rift (Greece) is an exceptional area to study the large-scale mechanics of a young rift <span class="hlt">system</span>, due to its extremely high extension rates and <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip rates. Late Pleistocene activity of large normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> has created a mostly asymmetric E-W trending graben, mainly driven by N-dipping <span class="hlt">faults</span> that shape the <span class="hlt">southern</span> margin of the Corinth Gulf. Flexural footwall uplift of these <span class="hlt">faults</span> is evidenced by Late Pleistocene coastal fan deltas that are presently up to 1700m in elevation, a drainage reversal of some major river <span class="hlt">systems</span>, and flights of marine terraces that have been uplifted along the <span class="hlt">southern</span> margin of the Gulf. To improve constraints on this footwall uplift, we analysed the extensive terrace sequence between Xylokastro and Corinth - uplifted by the Xylokastro <span class="hlt">Fault</span> - using 2m-resolution digital surface models developed from Pleiades satellite imagery (acquired through the Isis and Tosca programs of the French CNES). We refined and improved the spatial uplift pattern and age correlation of these terraces, through a detailed analysis of the shoreline angles using the graphical interface TerraceM, and 2D numerical modeling of terrace formation. We combine the detailed record of flexure provided by this analysis with a morphometric analysis of the major river <span class="hlt">systems</span> along the <span class="hlt">southern</span> shore, obtaining constraints of footwall uplift on a longer time scale and larger spatial scale. Flexural subsidence of the hanging wall is evidenced by offshore seismic sections, for which we depth-converted a multi-channel seismic section north of the Xylokastro <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. We use the full profile of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> geometry and its associated deformation pattern as constraints to reproduce the long-term flexural wavelength and uplift/subsidence ratio through <span class="hlt">fault</span> modeling. Using PyLith, an open-source finite element code for quasi-static viscoelastic simulations, we find that a steep-dipping planar <span class="hlt">fault</span> to the brittle-ductile transition provides the best fit to reproduce</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70003765','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70003765"><span>Characterization of intrabasin <span class="hlt">faulting</span> and deformation for earthquake hazards in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Utah Valley, Utah, from high-resolution seismic imaging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Stephenson, William J.; Odum, Jack K.; Williams, Robert A.; McBride, John H.; Tomlinson, Iris</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>We conducted active and passive seismic imaging investigations along a 5.6-km-long, east–west transect ending at the mapped trace of the Wasatch <span class="hlt">fault</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Utah Valley. Using two-dimensional (2D) P-wave seismic reflection data, we imaged basin deformation and <span class="hlt">faulting</span> to a depth of 1.4 km and developed a detailed interval velocity model for prestack depth migration and 2D ground-motion simulations. Passive-source microtremor data acquired at two sites along the seismic reflection transect resolve S-wave velocities of approximately 200 m/s at the surface to about 900 m/s at 160 m depth and confirm a substantial thickening of low-velocity material westward into the valley. From the P-wave reflection profile, we interpret shallow (100–600 m) bedrock deformation extending from the surface trace of the Wasatch <span class="hlt">fault</span> to roughly 1.5 km west into the valley. The bedrock deformation is caused by multiple interpreted <span class="hlt">fault</span> splays displacing <span class="hlt">fault</span> blocks downward to the west of the range front. Further west in the valley, the P-wave data reveal subhorizontal horizons from approximately 90 to 900 m depth that vary in thickness and whose dip increases with depth eastward toward the Wasatch <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Another inferred <span class="hlt">fault</span> about 4 km west of the mapped Wasatch <span class="hlt">fault</span> displaces horizons within the valley to as shallow as 100 m depth. The overall deformational pattern imaged in our data is consistent with the Wasatch <span class="hlt">fault</span> migrating eastward through time and with the abandonment of earlier synextensional <span class="hlt">faults</span>, as part of the evolution of an inferred 20-km-wide half-graben structure within Utah Valley. Finite-difference 2D modeling suggests the imaged subsurface basin geometry can cause fourfold variation in peak ground velocity over distances of 300 m.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T43E..08B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T43E..08B"><span>Neogene-Recent Reactivation of Cretaceous-age <span class="hlt">Faults</span> in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Vietnam, with Implications for the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogen</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Burberry, C. M.; Elkins, L. J.; Hoang, N.; Anh, L. D.; Dinh, S. Q.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The tectonic activity and ongoing diffuse volcanic activity of the Central Highlands of Vietnam have, to date, been challenging to explain using accepted plate tectonics principles. The various hypotheses invoked to explain the voluminous magmatism include extrusion related to the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen, extension related to the South China Sea, and plume activity beneath Hainan. We present a combined remote sensing and field study, focused on <span class="hlt">fault</span> orientation and age relative to lava flows in order to discriminate between these models. Landsat ETM+ and SPOT data were processed to highlight variations in lithology and to remove vegetation, and lineaments were interpreted from these images. The lineament data were compared to existing geologic maps, and to regions of known flow age. Key locations were visited in the field, where <span class="hlt">fault</span> orientations and relative age were recorded. At many locations, the slip direction could be measured using trend and plunge of mineral lineations. The remote data reveal a complex pattern of lineaments, with prominent N-S, NE-SW and NW-SE directions. Lineaments are observed to cut lava flows with ages of 2.2+/- 0.1 Ma and younger. In the field, NE-SW oriented <span class="hlt">faults</span> were identified in Jurassic-Cretaceous sedimentary rocks with two phases of movement; a dip-slip phase and a younger, dominantly strike-slip phase. Strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> were identified in lava flows of approx. 3.2 Ma, also oriented NE-SW. These results indicate that there has been <span class="hlt">fault</span> activity since the Pliocene, and that this <span class="hlt">fault</span> activity includes reactivation of dip-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> as strike-slip. This is consistent with the movement vector of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Indochina Block SE with respect to the Sunda block, and with microplate rotation due to asthenospheric extrusion. These results therefore suggest that ongoing Himalayan-Tibetan collision is still being accommodated, in part, by active lithospheric extrusion of the Indo-China block.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060024582','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060024582"><span>Simultaneous Sensor and Process <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Diagnostics for Propellant Feed <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Cao, J.; Kwan, C.; Figueroa, F.; Xu, R.</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>The main objective of this research is to extract <span class="hlt">fault</span> features from sensor <span class="hlt">faults</span> and process <span class="hlt">faults</span> by using advanced <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection and isolation (FDI) algorithms. A tank <span class="hlt">system</span> that has some common characteristics to a NASA testbed at Stennis Space Center was used to verify our proposed algorithms. First, a generic tank <span class="hlt">system</span> was modeled. Second, a mathematical model suitable for FDI has been derived for the tank <span class="hlt">system</span>. Third, a new and general FDI procedure has been designed to distinguish process <span class="hlt">faults</span> and sensor <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Extensive simulations clearly demonstrated the advantages of the new design.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060042983&hterms=Solar+system+facts&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3DSolar%2Bsystem%2Bfacts','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060042983&hterms=Solar+system+facts&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3DSolar%2Bsystem%2Bfacts"><span>MER surface <span class="hlt">fault</span> protection <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Neilson, Tracy</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>The Mars Exploration Rovers surface <span class="hlt">fault</span> protection design was influenced by the fact that the solar-powered rovers must recharge their batteries during the day to survive the night. the rovers needed to autonomously maintain thermal stability, initiate safe and reliable communication with orbiting assets or directly to Earth, while maintaining energy balance. This paper will describe the <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">fault</span> protection design for the surface phase of the mission.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.T44A..05D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.T44A..05D"><span>A New Estimate for Total Offset on the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span>: Implications for Cumulative Plate Boundary Shear in the Northern Gulf of California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Darin, M. H.; Dorsey, R. J.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>-NAM) relative plate motion since ~12 Ma (Atwater and Stock, 1998). We propose that the continental component of PAC-NAM shear is accommodated by: (1) 195 ± 15 km on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> SAF (this study); (2) 12 ± 2 km on the Whittier-Elsinore <span class="hlt">fault</span>; (3) 75 ± 20 km of cumulative shear across the central Mojave in the eastern California shear zone; (4) 30 ± 4 km of post-13 Ma slip on the Stateline <span class="hlt">fault</span>; and (5) 47 ± 18 km of NW-directed translation produced by north-south shortening. Together, these components sum to 359 ± 31 km of net dextral displacement on the SAF <span class="hlt">system</span> (sensu lato) in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California since ca. 12 Ma, or ~300 km less than what is required by the global plate circuit. This suggests that the continental component of post-12 Ma PAC-NAM transform motion can be no more than ~390 km in the adjacent northern Gulf of California, substantially less than the 450 km of shear proposed in some models. We suggest that the remaining ~270-300 km of NW-directed relative plate motion is accommodated by a small component of late Miocene extension and roughly 225 km of slip on the offshore borderland <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> west of Baja California.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.G14A..02B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.G14A..02B"><span>Crustal strain accumulation on <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Basin and Range Province <span class="hlt">faults</span> modulated by distant plate boundary earthquakes? Evidence from geodesy, seismic imaging, and paleoseismology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bennett, R. A.; Shirzaei, M.; Broermann, J.; Spinler, J. C.; Holland, A. A.; Pearthree, P.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>GPS in Arizona reveals a change in the pattern of crustal strain accumulation in 2010 and based on viscoelastic modeling appears to be associated with the distant M7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah (EMC) earthquake in Baja California, Mexico. GPS data collected between 1999 and 2009 near the Santa Rita normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> in SE Arizona reveal a narrow zone of crustal deformation coincident with the <span class="hlt">fault</span> trace, delineated by W-NW facing Pleistocene <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarps of heights 1 to 7 m. The apparent deformation zone is also seen in a preliminary InSAR interferogram. Total motion across the zone inferred using an elastic block model constrained by the pre-2010 GPS measurements is ~1 mm/yr in a sense consistent with normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> motion. However, continuous GPS measurements throughout Arizona reveal pronounced changes in crustal velocity following the EMC earthquake, such that the relative motion across the Santa Rita <span class="hlt">fault</span> post-2010 is negligible. Paleoseismic evidence indicates that mapped Santa Rita <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarps were formed by two or more large magnitude (M6.7 to M7.6) surface rupturing normal-<span class="hlt">faulting</span> earthquakes 60 to 100 kyrs ago. Seismic refraction and reflection data constrained by deep (~800 m) well log data provide evidence of progressive, possibly intermittent, displacement on the <span class="hlt">fault</span> through time. The rate of strain accumulation observed geodetically prior to 2010, if constant over the past 60 to 100 kyrs, would imply an untenable minimum slip rate deficit of 60 to 100 m since the most recent earthquake. One explanation for the available geodetic, seismic, and paleoseismic evidence is that strain accumulation is modulated by viscoelastic relaxation associated with frequent large magnitude earthquakes in the Salton Trough region, episodically inhibiting the accumulation of elastic strain required to generate large earthquakes on the Santa Rita and possibly other <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Basin and Range. An important question is thus for how long the postseismic velocity changes</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050158766','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050158766"><span>ROBUS-2: A <span class="hlt">Fault</span>-Tolerant Broadcast Communication <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Torres-Pomales, Wilfredo; Malekpour, Mahyar R.; Miner, Paul S.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>The Reliable Optical Bus (ROBUS) is the core communication <span class="hlt">system</span> of the Scalable Processor-Independent Design for Enhanced Reliability (SPIDER), a general-purpose <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant integrated modular architecture currently under development at NASA Langley Research Center. The ROBUS is a time-division multiple access (TDMA) broadcast communication <span class="hlt">system</span> with medium access control by means of time-indexed communication schedule. ROBUS-2 is a developmental version of the ROBUS providing guaranteed <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant services to the attached processing elements (PEs), in the presence of a bounded number of <span class="hlt">faults</span>. These services include message broadcast (Byzantine Agreement), dynamic communication schedule update, clock synchronization, and distributed diagnosis (group membership). The ROBUS also features <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant startup and restart capabilities. ROBUS-2 is tolerant to internal as well as PE <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and incorporates a dynamic self-reconfiguration capability driven by the internal diagnostic <span class="hlt">system</span>. This version of the ROBUS is intended for laboratory experimentation and demonstrations of the capability to reintegrate failed nodes, dynamically update the communication schedule, and tolerate and recover from correlated transient <span class="hlt">faults</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19880001115','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19880001115"><span>Hardware <span class="hlt">fault</span> insertion and instrumentation <span class="hlt">system</span>: Mechanization and validation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Benson, J. W.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>Automated test capability for extensive low-level hardware <span class="hlt">fault</span> insertion testing is developed. The test capability is used to calibrate <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection coverage and associated latency times as relevant to projecting overall <span class="hlt">system</span> reliability. Described are modifications made to the NASA Ames Reconfigurable Flight Control <span class="hlt">System</span> (RDFCS) Facility to fully automate the total test loop involving the Draper Laboratories' <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Injector Unit. The automated capability provided included the application of sequences of simulated low-level hardware <span class="hlt">faults</span>, the precise measurement of <span class="hlt">fault</span> latency times, the identification of <span class="hlt">fault</span> symptoms, and bulk storage of test case results. A PDP-11/60 served as a test coordinator, and a PDP-11/04 as an instrumentation device. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> injector was controlled by applications test software in the PDP-11/60, rather than by manual commands from a terminal keyboard. The time base was especially developed for this application to use a variety of signal sources in the <span class="hlt">system</span> simulator.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910016382','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910016382"><span>A distributed <span class="hlt">fault</span>-detection and diagnosis <span class="hlt">system</span> using on-line parameter estimation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Guo, T.-H.; Merrill, W.; Duyar, A.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>The development of a model-based <span class="hlt">fault</span>-detection and diagnosis <span class="hlt">system</span> (FDD) is reviewed. The <span class="hlt">system</span> can be used as an integral part of an intelligent control <span class="hlt">system</span>. It determines the <span class="hlt">faults</span> of a <span class="hlt">system</span> from comparison of the measurements of the <span class="hlt">system</span> with a priori information represented by the model of the <span class="hlt">system</span>. The method of modeling a complex <span class="hlt">system</span> is described and a description of diagnosis models which include process <span class="hlt">faults</span> is presented. There are three distinct classes of <span class="hlt">fault</span> modes covered by the <span class="hlt">system</span> performance model equation: actuator <span class="hlt">faults</span>, sensor <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and performance degradation. A <span class="hlt">system</span> equation for a complete model that describes all three classes of <span class="hlt">faults</span> is given. The strategy for detecting the <span class="hlt">fault</span> and estimating the <span class="hlt">fault</span> parameters using a distributed on-line parameter identification scheme is presented. A two-step approach is proposed. The first step is composed of a group of hypothesis testing modules, (HTM) in parallel processing to test each class of <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The second step is the <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis module which checks all the information obtained from the HTM level, isolates the <span class="hlt">fault</span>, and determines its magnitude. The proposed FDD <span class="hlt">system</span> was demonstrated by applying it to detect actuator and sensor <span class="hlt">faults</span> added to a simulation of the Space Shuttle Main Engine. The simulation results show that the proposed FDD <span class="hlt">system</span> can adequately detect the <span class="hlt">faults</span> and estimate their magnitudes.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930068765&hterms=planning+Miner&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dplanning%2BMiner','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930068765&hterms=planning+Miner&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dplanning%2BMiner"><span>Characterization of the <span class="hlt">faulted</span> behavior of digital computers and <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bavuso, Salvatore J.; Miner, Paul S.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>A development status evaluation is presented for efforts conducted at NASA-Langley since 1977, toward the characterization of the latent <span class="hlt">fault</span> in digital <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant <span class="hlt">systems</span>. Attention is given to the practical, high speed, generalized gate-level logic <span class="hlt">system</span> simulator developed, as well as to the validation methodology used for the simulator, on the basis of faultable software and hardware simulations employing a prototype MIL-STD-1750A processor. After validation, latency tests will be performed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JSG...108..256M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JSG...108..256M"><span>Comparison of different digital elevation models and satellite imagery for lineament analysis: Implications for identification and spatial arrangement of <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones in crystalline basement rocks of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Black Forest (Germany)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Meixner, J.; Grimmer, J. C.; Becker, A.; Schill, E.; Kohl, T.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>GIS-based remote sensing techniques and lineament mapping provide additional information on the spatial arrangement of <span class="hlt">faults</span> and fractures in large areas with variable outcrop conditions. Due to inherent censoring and truncation bias mapping of lineaments is still a challenging task. In this study we show how statistical evaluations help to improve the reliability of lineament mappings by comparing two digital elevation models (ASTER, LIDAR) and satellite imagery data sets in the seismically active <span class="hlt">southern</span> Black Forest. A statistical assessment of the orientation, average length, and the total length of mapped lineaments reveals an impact of the different resolutions of the data sets that allow to define maximum (censoring bias) and minimum (truncation bias) observable lineament length for each data set. The increase of the spatial resolution of the digital elevation model from 30 m × 30 m to 5 m × 5 m results in a decrease of total lineament length by about 40% whereby the average lineament lengths decrease by about 60%. Lineament length distributions of both data sets follow a power law distribution as documented elsewhere for <span class="hlt">fault</span> and fracture <span class="hlt">systems</span>. Predominant NE-, N-, NNW-, and NW-directions of the lineaments are observed in all data sets and correlate with well-known, mappable large-scale structures in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Black Forest. Therefore, mapped lineaments can be correlated with <span class="hlt">faults</span> and hence display geological significance. Lineament density in the granite-dominated areas is apparently higher than in the gneiss-dominated areas. Application of a slip- and dilation tendency analysis on the <span class="hlt">fault</span> pattern reveals largest reactivation potentials for WNW-ESE and N-S striking <span class="hlt">faults</span> as strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> whereas normal <span class="hlt">faulting</span> may occur along NW-striking <span class="hlt">faults</span> within the ambient stress field. Remote sensing techniques in combination with highly resolved digital elevation models and a slip- and dilation tendency analysis thus can be used to quickly get</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S53A0660F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S53A0660F"><span>Identifying Conventionally Sub-Seismic <span class="hlt">Faults</span> in Polygonal <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fry, C.; Dix, J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Polygonal <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">Systems</span> (PFS) are prevalent in hydrocarbon basins globally and represent potential fluid pathways. However the characterization of these pathways is subject to the limitations of conventional 3D seismic imaging; only capable of resolving features on a decametre scale horizontally and metres scale vertically. While outcrop and core examples can identify smaller features, they are limited by the extent of the exposures. The disparity between these scales can allow for smaller <span class="hlt">faults</span> to be lost in a resolution gap which could mean potential pathways are left unseen. Here the focus is upon PFS from within the London Clay, a common bedrock that is tunnelled into and bears construction foundations for much of London. It is a continuation of the Ieper Clay where PFS were first identified and is found to approach the seafloor within the Outer Thames Estuary. This allows for the direct analysis of PFS surface expressions, via the use of high resolution 1m bathymetric imaging in combination with high resolution seismic imaging. Through use of these datasets surface expressions of over 1500 <span class="hlt">faults</span> within the London Clay have been identified, with the smallest <span class="hlt">fault</span> measuring 12m and the largest at 612m in length. The displacements over these <span class="hlt">faults</span> established from both bathymetric and seismic imaging ranges from 30cm to a couple of metres, scales that would typically be sub-seismic for conventional basin seismic imaging. The orientations and dimensions of the <span class="hlt">faults</span> within this network have been directly compared to 3D seismic data of the Ieper Clay from the offshore Dutch sector where it exists approximately 1km below the seafloor. These have typical PFS attributes with lengths of hundreds of metres to kilometres and throws of tens of metres, a magnitude larger than those identified in the Outer Thames Estuary. The similar orientations and polygonal patterns within both locations indicates that the smaller <span class="hlt">faults</span> exist within typical PFS structure but are</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19880019996','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19880019996"><span>ARGES: an Expert <span class="hlt">System</span> for <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Diagnosis Within Space-Based ECLS <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Pachura, David W.; Suleiman, Salem A.; Mendler, Andrew P.</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>ARGES (Atmospheric Revitalization Group Expert <span class="hlt">System</span>) is a demonstration prototype expert <span class="hlt">system</span> for <span class="hlt">fault</span> management for the Solid Amine, Water Desorbed (SAWD) CO2 removal assembly, associated with the Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) <span class="hlt">System</span>. ARGES monitors and reduces data in real time from either the SAWD controller or a simulation of the SAWD assembly. It can detect gradual degradations or predict failures. This allows graceful shutdown and scheduled maintenance, which reduces crew maintenance overhead. Status and <span class="hlt">fault</span> information is presented in a user interface that simulates what would be seen by a crewperson. The user interface employs animated color graphics and an object oriented approach to provide detailed status information, <span class="hlt">fault</span> identification, and explanation of reasoning in a rapidly assimulated manner. In addition, ARGES recommends possible courses of action for predicted and actual <span class="hlt">faults</span>. ARGES is seen as a forerunner of AI-based <span class="hlt">fault</span> management <span class="hlt">systems</span> for manned space <span class="hlt">systems</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AGUFM.S42A0149B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AGUFM.S42A0149B"><span>The Cottage Lake Lineament, Washington: Onshore Extension of the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Whidbey Island <span class="hlt">Fault</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Blakely, R. J.; Weaver, C. S.; Sherrod, B. L.; Troost, K. G.; Haugerud, R. A.; Wells, R. E.; McCormack, D. H.</p> <p>2003-12-01</p> <p>The northwest-striking <span class="hlt">southern</span> Whidbey Island <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone (SWIF) is reasonably well expressed by borehole data, marine seismic surveys, and potential-field anomalies on Whidbey Island and beneath surrounding waterways. Johnson et al. (1996) described evidence for Quaternary movement on the SWIF, suggested the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone is capable of a M 7 earthquake, and projected three <span class="hlt">fault</span> strands onto the mainland between the cities of Seattle and Everett. Evidence for this onshore projection is scant, however, and the exact location of the SWIF in this populated region is unknown. Four linear, northwest-striking magnetic anomalies on the mainland may help address this issue. All of the anomalies are low in amplitude and best illuminated in residual magnetic fields. The most prominent of the magnetic anomalies extends at least 15 km, is on strike with the SWIF on Whidbey Island, and passes near Cottage Lake, about 15 km south of downtown Everett. The magnetic anomaly is associated with linear topography along its entire length, but spectral analysis indicates that the source of the anomaly lies principally beneath the topographic surface and extends to depths greater than 2 km. The anomalies are likely created by northwest-trending, <span class="hlt">faulted</span> and folded Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Cascade foothills, which rise from beneath the Quaternary lowland fill to the southeast of the SWIF. High-resolution Lidar topography provided by King County shows subtle scarps cutting the latest Pleistocene glaciated surface at two locations along the magnetic anomaly; scarps are parallel to the anomaly trend. In the field, one scarp has 2 to 3 m of north-side-up offset; paleoseismic trench excavations are planned for Fall 2003 to determine their nature and history. Preliminary examination of boreholes, recently acquired as part of an ongoing sewer tunnel project, show anomalous stratigraphic and structural disturbances in the area of the magnetic anomalies. Analyses are underway</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT........67B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT........67B"><span>The mechanics of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bend folding and tear-<span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> in the Niger Delta</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Benesh, Nathan Philip</p> <p></p> <p>This dissertation investigates the mechanics of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bend folding using the discrete element method (DEM) and explores the nature of tear-<span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> in the deep-water Niger Delta fold-and-thrust belt. In Chapter 1, we employ the DEM to investigate the development of growth structures in anticlinal <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bend folds. This work was inspired by observations that growth strata in active folds show a pronounced upward decrease in bed dip, in contrast to traditional kinematic <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bend fold models. Our analysis shows that the modeled folds grow largely by parallel folding as specified by the kinematic theory; however, the process of folding over a broad axial surface zone yields a component of fold growth by limb rotation that is consistent with the patterns observed in natural folds. This result has important implications for how growth structures can he used to constrain slip and paleo-earthquake ages on active blind-thrust <span class="hlt">faults</span>. In Chapter 2, we expand our DEM study to investigate the development of a wider range of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bend folds. We examine the influence of mechanical stratigraphy and quantitatively compare our models with the relationships between fold and <span class="hlt">fault</span> shape prescribed by the kinematic theory. While the synclinal <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bend models closely match the kinematic theory, the modeled anticlinal <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bend folds show robust behavior that is distinct from the kinematic theory. Specifically, we observe that modeled structures maintain a linear relationship between fold shape (gamma) and <span class="hlt">fault</span>-horizon cutoff angle (theta), rather than expressing the non-linear relationship with two distinct modes of anticlinal folding that is prescribed by the kinematic theory. These observations lead to a revised quantitative relationship for <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bend folds that can serve as a useful interpretation tool. Finally, in Chapter 3, we examine the 3D relationships of tear- and thrust-<span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> in the western, deep-water Niger Delta. Using 3D seismic reflection data and new</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27076476','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27076476"><span>Event-Triggered <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Detection of Nonlinear Networked <span class="hlt">Systems</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Hongyi; Chen, Ziran; Wu, Ligang; Lam, Hak-Keung; Du, Haiping</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>This paper investigates the problem of <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection for nonlinear discrete-time networked <span class="hlt">systems</span> under an event-triggered scheme. A polynomial fuzzy <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection filter is designed to generate a residual signal and detect <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the <span class="hlt">system</span>. A novel polynomial event-triggered scheme is proposed to determine the transmission of the signal. A <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection filter is designed to guarantee that the residual <span class="hlt">system</span> is asymptotically stable and satisfies the desired performance. Polynomial approximated membership functions obtained by Taylor series are employed for filtering analysis. Furthermore, sufficient conditions are represented in terms of sum of squares (SOSs) and can be solved by SOS tools in MATLAB environment. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.S51B2375M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.S51B2375M"><span>Rupture Synchronicity in Complex <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Milner, K. R.; Jordan, T. H.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>While most investigators would agree that the timing of large earthquakes within a <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> depends on stress-mediated interactions among its elements, much of the debate relevant to time-dependent forecasting has been centered on single-<span class="hlt">fault</span> concepts, such as characteristic earthquake behavior. We propose to broaden this discussion by quantifying the multi-<span class="hlt">fault</span> concept of rupture synchronicity. We consider a finite set of small, <span class="hlt">fault</span>-spanning volumes {Vk} within a <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> of arbitrary (fractal) complexity. We let Ck be the catalog of length tmax comprising Nk discrete times {ti(k)} that mark when the kth volume participates in a rupture of magnitude > M. The main object of our analysis is the complete set of event time differences {τij(kk') = ti(k) - tj(k')}, which we take to be a random process with an expected density function ρkk'(t). When k = k', we call this function the auto-catalog density function (ACDF); when k ≠ k', we call it the cross-catalog density function (CCDF). The roles of the ACDF and CCDF in synchronicity theory are similar to those of autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions in time-series analysis. For a renewal process, the ACDF can be written in terms of convolutions of the interevent-time distribution, and many of its properties (e.g., large-t asymptote) can be derived analytically. The interesting information in the CCDF, like that in the ACDF, is concentrated near t = 0. If two catalogs are completely asynchronous, the CCDF collapses to an asymptote given by the harmonic mean of the ACDF asymptotes. Synchronicity can therefore be characterized by the variability of the CCDF about this asymptote. The brevity of instrumental catalogs makes the identification of synchronicity at large M difficult, but we will illustrate potentially interesting behaviors through the analysis of a million-year California catalog generated by the earthquake simulator, RSQSim (Deiterich & Richards-Dinger, 2010), which we sampled at a</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19...65L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19...65L"><span>Estimation of Maximum Ground Motions in the Form of ShakeMaps and Assessment of Potential Human Fatalities from Scenario Earthquakes on the Chishan Active <span class="hlt">Fault</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Taiwan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liu, Kun Sung; Huang, Hsiang Chi; Shen, Jia Rong</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Historically, there were many damaging earthquakes in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Taiwan during the last century. Some of these earthquakes had resulted in heavy loss of human lives. Accordingly, assessment of potential seismic hazards has become increasingly important in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Taiwan, including Kaohsiung, Tainan and northern Pingtung areas since the Central Geological Survey upgraded the Chishan active <span class="hlt">fault</span> from suspected <span class="hlt">fault</span> to Category I in 2010. In this study, we first estimate the maximum seismic ground motions in term of PGA, PGV and MMI by incorporating a site-effect term in attenuation relationships, aiming to show high seismic hazard areas in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Taiwan. Furthermore, we will assess potential death tolls due to large future earthquakes occurring on Chishan active <span class="hlt">fault</span>. As a result, from the maximum PGA ShakeMap for an Mw7.2 scenario earthquake on the Chishan active <span class="hlt">fault</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Taiwan, we can see that areas with high PGA above 400 gals, are located in the northeastern, central and northern parts of southwestern Kaohsiung as well as the <span class="hlt">southern</span> part of central Tainan. In addition, comparing the cities located in Tainan City at similar distances from the Chishan <span class="hlt">fault</span> have relatively greater PGA and PGV than those in Kaohsiung City and Pingtung County. This is mainly due to large site response factors in Tainan. On the other hand, seismic hazard in term of PGA and PGV, respectively, show that they are not particular high in the areas near the Chishan <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The main reason is that these areas are marked with low site response factors. Finally, the estimated fatalities in Kaohsiung City at 5230, 4285 and 2786, respectively, for Mw 7.2, 7.0 and 6.8 are higher than those estimated for Tainan City and Pingtung County. The main reason is high population density above 10000 persons per km2 are present in Fongshan, Zuoying, Sanmin, Cianjin, Sinsing, Yancheng, Lingya Districts and between 5,000 and 10,000 persons per km2 are present in Nanzih and Gushan Districts in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT.......273B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT.......273B"><span>Transfer zones in listric normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bose, Shamik</p> <p></p> <p>Listric normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> are common in passive margin settings where sedimentary units are detached above weaker lithological units, such as evaporites or are driven by basal structural and stratigraphic discontinuities. The geometries and styles of <span class="hlt">faulting</span> vary with the types of detachment and form landward and basinward dipping <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span>. Complex transfer zones therefore develop along the terminations of adjacent <span class="hlt">faults</span> where deformation is accommodated by secondary <span class="hlt">faults</span>, often below seismic resolution. The rollover geometry and secondary <span class="hlt">faults</span> within the hanging wall of the major <span class="hlt">faults</span> also vary with the styles of <span class="hlt">faulting</span> and contribute to the complexity of the transfer zones. This study tries to understand the controlling factors for the formation of the different styles of listric normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> and the different transfer zones formed within them, by using analog clay experimental models. Detailed analyses with respect to <span class="hlt">fault</span> orientation, density and connectivity have been performed on the experiments in order to gather insights on the structural controls and the resulting geometries. A new high resolution 3D laser scanning technology has been introduced to scan the surfaces of the clay experiments for accurate measurements and 3D visualizations. Numerous examples from the Gulf of Mexico have been included to demonstrate and geometrically compare the observations in experiments and real structures. A salt cored convergent transfer zone from the South Timbalier Block 54, offshore Louisiana has been analyzed in detail to understand the evolutionary history of the region, which helps in deciphering the kinematic growth of similar structures in the Gulf of Mexico. The dissertation is divided into three chapters, written in a journal article format, that deal with three different aspects in understanding the listric normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> and the transfer zones so formed. The first chapter involves clay experimental models to understand the <span class="hlt">fault</span> patterns in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020077965','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020077965"><span>Reliability of <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Tolerant Control <span class="hlt">Systems</span>. Part 1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wu, N. Eva</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>This paper reports Part I of a two part effort, that is intended to delineate the relationship between reliability and <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant control in a quantitative manner. Reliability analysis of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant control <span class="hlt">systems</span> is performed using Markov models. Reliability properties, peculiar to <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant control <span class="hlt">systems</span> are emphasized. As a consequence, coverage of failures through redundancy management can be severely limited. It is shown that in the early life of a syi1ein composed of highly reliable subsystems, the reliability of the overall <span class="hlt">system</span> is affine with respect to coverage, and inadequate coverage induces dominant single point failures. The utility of some existing software tools for assessing the reliability of <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant control <span class="hlt">systems</span> is also discussed. Coverage modeling is attempted in Part II in a way that captures its dependence on the control performance and on the diagnostic resolution.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/520833','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/520833"><span>Area balance and strain in an extensional <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>: Strategies for improved oil recovery in fractured chalk, Gilbertown Field, southwestern Alabama. Annual report, March 1996--March 1997</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Pashin, J.C.; Raymond, D.E.; Rindsberg, A.K.</p> <p>1997-08-01</p> <p>Gilbertown Field is the oldest oil field in Alabama and produces oil from chalk of the Upper Cretaceous Selma Group and from sandstone of the Eutaw Formation along the <span class="hlt">southern</span> margin of the Gilbertown <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. Most of the field has been in primary recovery since establishment, but production has declined to marginally economic levels. This investigation applies advanced geologic concepts designed to aid implementation of improved recovery programs. The Gilbertown <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> is detached at the base of Jurassic salt. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> began forming as a half graben and evolved in to a full graben by the Latemore » Cretaceous. Conventional trapping mechanisms are effective in Eutaw sandstone, whereas oil in Selma chalk is trapped in <span class="hlt">faults</span> and <span class="hlt">fault</span>-related fractures. Burial modeling establishes that the subsidence history of the Gilbertown area is typical of extensional basins and includes a major component of sediment loading and compaction. Surface mapping and fracture analysis indicate that <span class="hlt">faults</span> offset strata as young as Miocene and that joints may be related to regional uplift postdating <span class="hlt">fault</span> movement. Preliminary balanced structural models of the Gilbertown <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> indicate that synsedimentary growth factors need to be incorporated into the basic equations of area balance to model strain and predict fractures in Selma and Eutaw reservoirs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AcGeo..65..727Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AcGeo..65..727Z"><span>The electrical resistivity signature of a <span class="hlt">fault</span> controlling gold mineralization and the implications for Mesozoic mineralization: a case study from the Jiaojia <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, eastern China</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Kun; Lü, Qingtian; Yan, Jiayong; Hu, Hao; Fu, GuangMing</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>We use 3D audio magnetotelluric method to the south segment of Jiaojia <span class="hlt">fault</span> belt, and obtain the 3D electrical model of this area. Regional geophysical data were combined in an analysis of strata and major structural distribution in the study area, and included the <span class="hlt">southern</span> segment of the Jiaojia <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone transformed into two <span class="hlt">fault</span> assemblages. Together with the previous studies of the ore-controlling action of the Jiaojia <span class="hlt">fault</span> belt and deposit characteristics, the two <span class="hlt">faults</span> are considered to be favorable metallogenic provinces, because some important features coupled with them, such as the subordinate <span class="hlt">fault</span> intersection zone and several <span class="hlt">fault</span> assemblages in one <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. It was also suggested the control action of later <span class="hlt">fault</span> with reversed downthrows to the ore distribution. These studies have enabled us to predict the presence of two likely target regions of mineralization, and are prospecting breakthrough in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> section of Jiaojia in the Shandong Peninsula, China.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030106079&hterms=InSAR&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3DInSAR','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030106079&hterms=InSAR&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3DInSAR"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> Creep along the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> San Andreas from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, Permanent Scatterers, and Stacking</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lyons, Suzanne; Sandwell, David</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) provides a practical means of mapping creep along major strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The small amplitude of the creep signal (less than 10 mm/yr), combined with its short wavelength, makes it difficult to extract from long time span interferograms, especially in agricultural or heavily vegetated areas. We utilize two approaches to extract the <span class="hlt">fault</span> creep signal from 37 ERS SAR images along the southem San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. First, amplitude stacking is utilized to identify permanent scatterers, which are then used to weight the interferogram prior to spatial filtering. This weighting improves correlation and also provides a mask for poorly correlated areas. Second, the unwrapped phase is stacked to reduce tropospheric and other short-wavelength noise. This combined processing enables us to recover the near-field (approximately 200 m) slip signal across the <span class="hlt">fault</span> due to shallow creep. Displacement maps fiom 60 interferograms reveal a diffuse secular strain buildup, punctuated by localized interseismic creep of 4-6 mm/yr line of sight (LOS, 12-18 mm/yr horizontal). With the exception of Durmid Hill, this entire segment of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas experienced right-lateral triggered slip of up to 10 cm during the 3.5-year period spanning the 1992 Landers earthquake. The deformation change following the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake was much smaller (4 cm) and broader than for the Landers event. Profiles across the <span class="hlt">fault</span> during the interseismic phase show peak-to-trough amplitude ranging from 15 to 25 mm/yr (horizontal component) and the minimum misfit models show a range of creeping/locking depth values that fit the data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890013838','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890013838"><span>Expert <span class="hlt">systems</span> for real-time monitoring and <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Edwards, S. J.; Caglayan, A. K.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Methods for building real-time onboard expert <span class="hlt">systems</span> were investigated, and the use of expert <span class="hlt">systems</span> technology was demonstrated in improving the performance of current real-time onboard monitoring and <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis applications. The potential applications of the proposed research include an expert <span class="hlt">system</span> environment allowing the integration of expert <span class="hlt">systems</span> into conventional time-critical application solutions, a grammar for describing the discrete event behavior of monitoring and <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis <span class="hlt">systems</span>, and their applications to new real-time hardware <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis and monitoring <span class="hlt">systems</span> for aircraft.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990Tecto...9..585L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990Tecto...9..585L"><span>Kinematics of wrench and divergent-wrench deformation along a central part of the Border Ranges <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>, Northern Chugach Mountains, Alaska</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Little, Timothy A.</p> <p>1990-08-01</p> <p>The Border Ranges <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> (BRFS) bounds the inboard edge of the subduction-accretion complex of <span class="hlt">southern</span> Alaska. In Eocene time a central segment of this <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> was reactivated as a zone of dextral wrench- and oblique-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span> having a cumulative strike-slip offset of at least several tens of kilometers, but probably less than 100 km. Early wrench folds are upright, trend at less than 45° to the strike of adjacent <span class="hlt">faults</span> and developed with fold axes oriented subparallel to the axis of maximum incremental stretch λ1. These en echelon folds rotated and tightened with progressive deformation and then were overprinted by younger wrench folds that trend at about 60° to adjacent throughgoing <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The latter folds are interpreted as forming during a late increment of distributed wrench deformation within the BRFS that included a component of extension (divergence) orthogonal to the mean strike of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. A sharp releasing bend in exposures of a strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> originally at >4 km depth today coincides with a narrow pull-apart graben bounded by oblique-normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> that dip toward the basin. Widening of this pull-apart graben by brittle <span class="hlt">faulting</span> and dike intrusion accommodated less than 2 km of strike-slip and was a late-stage phenomenon, possibly occurring at supracrustal levels. Prior to formation of this graben during a period of predominantly ductile deformation at deeper structural levels, wrench-folded rocks on one side of the nonplanar <span class="hlt">fault</span> were translated around the releasing bend without significant <span class="hlt">faulting</span> or loss of coherence. Kinematically, the earlier deformation was accomplished by <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bend folding and rotation of a relatively deformable block as it passed through a <span class="hlt">system</span> of upright megakinks. Such a ductile mechanism of <span class="hlt">fault</span> block translation around a strike-slip bend may be typical of intermediate levels of the crust beneath pull-apart grabens and may be transitional downward into heterogeneous laminar flow occuring</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910066604&hterms=tree+identification&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dtree%2Bidentification','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910066604&hterms=tree+identification&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dtree%2Bidentification"><span>Object-oriented <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree models applied to <span class="hlt">system</span> diagnosis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Iverson, David L.; Patterson-Hine, F. A.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>When a diagnosis <span class="hlt">system</span> is used in a dynamic environment, such as the distributed computer <span class="hlt">system</span> planned for use on Space Station Freedom, it must execute quickly and its knowledge base must be easily updated. Representing <span class="hlt">system</span> knowledge as object-oriented augmented <span class="hlt">fault</span> trees provides both features. The diagnosis <span class="hlt">system</span> described here is based on the failure cause identification process of the diagnostic <span class="hlt">system</span> described by Narayanan and Viswanadham. Their <span class="hlt">system</span> has been enhanced in this implementation by replacing the knowledge base of if-then rules with an object-oriented <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree representation. This allows the <span class="hlt">system</span> to perform its task much faster and facilitates dynamic updating of the knowledge base in a changing diagnosis environment. Accessing the information contained in the objects is more efficient than performing a lookup operation on an indexed rule base. Additionally, the object-oriented <span class="hlt">fault</span> trees can be easily updated to represent current <span class="hlt">system</span> status. This paper describes the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree representation, the diagnosis algorithm extensions, and an example application of this <span class="hlt">system</span>. Comparisons are made between the object-oriented <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree knowledge structure solution and one implementation of a rule-based solution. Plans for future work on this <span class="hlt">system</span> are also discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26523080','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26523080"><span>A low-temperature ductile shear zone: The gypsum-dominated western extension of the brittle Fella-Sava <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alps.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bartel, Esther Maria; Neubauer, Franz; Heberer, Bianca; Genser, Johann</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Based on structural and fabric analyses at variable scales we investigate the evaporitic gypsum-dominated Comeglians-Paularo shear zone in the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alps (Friuli). It represents the lateral western termination of the brittle Fella-Sava <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. Missing dehydration products of gypsum and the lack of annealing indicate temperatures below 100 °C during development of the shear zone. Despite of such low temperatures the shear zone clearly exhibits mylonitic flow, thus evidencing laterally coeval activity of brittle and viscous deformation. The dominant structures within the gypsum rocks of the Lower Bellerophon Formation are a steeply to gently S-dipping foliation, a subhorizontal stretching lineation and pure shear-dominated porphyroclast <span class="hlt">systems</span>. A subordinate simple shear component with dextral displacement is indicated by scattered σ-clasts. Both meso- and microscale structures are characteristic of a subsimple shear type of deformation with components of both coaxial and non-coaxial strain. Shortening in a transpressive regime was accommodated by right-lateral displacement and internal pure shear deformation within the Comeglians-Paularo shear zone. The shear zone shows evidence for a combination of two stretching <span class="hlt">faults</span>, where stretching occurred in the rheologically weaker gypsum member and brittle behavior in enveloping lithologies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110000831','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110000831"><span>Method and <span class="hlt">system</span> for environmentally adaptive <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant computing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Copenhaver, Jason L. (Inventor); Jeremy, Ramos (Inventor); Wolfe, Jeffrey M. (Inventor); Brenner, Dean (Inventor)</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>A method and <span class="hlt">system</span> for adapting <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant computing. The method includes the steps of measuring an environmental condition representative of an environment. An on-board processing <span class="hlt">system</span>'s sensitivity to the measured environmental condition is measured. It is determined whether to reconfigure a <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance of the on-board processing <span class="hlt">system</span> based in part on the measured environmental condition. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance of the on-board processing <span class="hlt">system</span> may be reconfigured based in part on the measured environmental condition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRB..121.4290V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRB..121.4290V"><span>Low shear velocity in a normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> imaged by ambient noise cross correlation: The case of the Irpinia <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Italy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vassallo, Maurizio; Festa, Gaetano; Bobbio, Antonella; Serra, Marcello</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>We extracted the Green's functions from cross correlation of ambient noise recorded at broadband stations located across the Apennine belt, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Italy. Continuous records at 26 seismic stations acquired for 3 years were analyzed. We found the emergence of surface waves in the whole range of the investigated distances (10-140 km) with energy confined in the frequency band 0.04-0.09 Hz. This phase reproduces Rayleigh waves generated by earthquakes in the same frequency range. Arrival time of Rayleigh waves was picked at all the couples of stations to obtain the average group velocity along the path connecting the two stations. The picks were inverted in separated frequency bands to get group velocity maps then used to obtain an S wave velocity model. Penetration depth of the model ranges between 12 and 25 km, depending on the velocity values and on the depth of the interfaces, here associated to strong velocity gradients. We found a low-velocity anomaly in the region bounded by the two main <span class="hlt">faults</span> that generated the 1980, M 6.9 Irpinia earthquake. A second anomaly was retrieved in the southeast part of the region and can be ascribed to a reminiscence of the Adria slab under the Apennine Chain.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70045027','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70045027"><span>Recent, slow normal and strike-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span> in the Pasto Ventura region of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Puna Plateau, NW Argentina</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Zhou, Renjie; Schoenbohm, Lindsay M.; Cosca, Michael</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Recent normal and strike-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span> on the Puna Plateau of NW Argentina has been linked to lithospheric foundering, gravitational spreading, plate boundary forces and a decrease in crustal shortening from north to south. However, the timing, kinematics and rate of extension remain poorly constrained. We focus on the Pasto Ventura region (NW Argentina) located on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Puna Plateau and recent deformation (<1 Ma). Field mapping and kinematic analysis across offset volcanic cinder cones show that the overall extension direction is subhorizontal, is oriented NE-SW to NNE-SSW, and occurs at a slow, time-integrated rate of 0.02 to 0.08 mm/yr since at least 0.8–0.5 Ma. A regional compilation from this study and existing data shows that recent extension across the Puna Plateau is subhorizontal but varies in azimuthal orientation dramatically. Data from the Pasto Ventura region are consistent with a number of models to explain normal and strike-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span> on the Puna Plateau, all of which likely influence the region. Some role for lower lithospheric foundering through dripping appears to be seen based on the regional extension directions and ages of mafic volcanism in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Puna Plateau.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1813502B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1813502B"><span>Morphostructural study of the Belledonne <span class="hlt">faults</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> (French Alps).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Billant, Jérémy; Bellier, Olivier; Hippolyte, Jean-Claude; Godard, Vincent; Manchuel, Kevin</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The NE trending Belledonne <span class="hlt">faults</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, located in the Alps, is a potentially active <span class="hlt">faults</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> that extends from the Aiguilles Rouges and Mont Blanc massifs in the NE to the Vercors massif in the SW (subalpine massifs). It includes the Belledonne border <span class="hlt">fault</span> (BBF), defined by an alignment of micro earthquakes (ML≤3.5) along the eastern part of the Grésivaudan valley (Thouvenot et al., 2003). Focal mechanisms and their respective depths tend to confirm a dextral strike-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span> at crustal scale. In the scope of the Sigma project (http://projet-sigma.com/index.html, EDF), this study aims at better constraining the geometry, kinematic and seismogenic potential of the constitutive <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the Belledonne <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, by using a multidisciplinary approach that includes tectonics, geomorphology and geophysics. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> kinematic analysis along the BBF (Billant et al., 2015) and the Jasneuf <span class="hlt">fault</span> allows the determination of a strike-slip tectonic regime characterised by an ENE trending σ1 stress axes, which is consistent with stress state deduced from the focal mechanisms. Although no morphological anomalies could be related to recent <span class="hlt">faulting</span> along the BBF, new clues of potential Quaternary deformations were observed along the other <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the <span class="hlt">system</span>: -right lateral offset of morphologic markers (talwegs...) along the NE trending Arcalod <span class="hlt">fault</span> located at the north-eastern terminations of the BBF; -left lateral offset of the valley formed by the Isère glacier along the NW trending Brion <span class="hlt">fault</span> which is consistent with its left-lateral slip inferred from the focal mechanisms; -<span class="hlt">fault</span> scarps and right lateral offsets of cliffs bordering a calcareous plateau and talwegs along the four <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments of the NE trending Jasneuf <span class="hlt">fault</span> located at the south-western termination of the BBF in the Vercors massif. Some offsets were measured using a new method that does not require the identification of piercing points and take advantage of the high resolution</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19740011833','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19740011833"><span>Crustal extension and transform <span class="hlt">faulting</span> in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Basin Range Province. [California, Arizona, and Nevada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Liggett, M. A. (Principal Investigator); Childs, J. F.</p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p>The author has identified the following significant results. Field reconnaissance and study of geologic literature guided by analysis of ERTS-1 MSS imagery have led to a hypothesis of tectonic control of Miocene volcanism, plutonism, and related mineralization in part of the Basin Range Province of <span class="hlt">southern</span> Nevada and northwestern Arizona. The easterly trending right-lateral Las Vegas Shear Zone separates two volcanic provinces believed to represent areas of major east-west crustal extension. One volcanic province is aligned along the Colorado River south of the eastern termination of the Las Vegas Shear Zone; the second province is located north of the western termination of the shear zone in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Nye County, Nevada. Geochronologic, geophysical, and structural evidence suggests that the Las Vegas Shear Zone may have formed in response to crustal extension in the two volcanic provinces in a manner similar to the formation of a ridge-ridge transform <span class="hlt">fault</span>, as recognized in ocean floor tectonics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050010139','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050010139"><span>Immunity-Based Aircraft <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Detection <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Dasgupta, D.; KrishnaKumar, K.; Wong, D.; Berry, M.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>In the study reported in this paper, we have developed and applied an Artificial Immune <span class="hlt">System</span> (AIS) algorithm for aircraft <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection, as an extension to a previous work on intelligent flight control (IFC). Though the prior studies had established the benefits of IFC, one area of weakness that needed to be strengthened was the control dead band induced by commanding a failed surface. Since the IFC approach uses <span class="hlt">fault</span> accommodation with no detection, the dead band, although it reduces over time due to learning, is present and causes degradation in handling qualities. If the failure can be identified, this dead band can be further A ed to ensure rapid <span class="hlt">fault</span> accommodation and better handling qualities. The paper describes the application of an immunity-based approach that can detect a broad spectrum of known and unforeseen failures. The approach incorporates the knowledge of the normal operational behavior of the aircraft from sensory data, and probabilistically generates a set of pattern detectors that can detect any abnormalities (including <span class="hlt">faults</span>) in the behavior pattern indicating unsafe in-flight operation. We developed a tool called MILD (Multi-level Immune Learning Detection) based on a real-valued negative selection algorithm that can generate a small number of specialized detectors (as signatures of known failure conditions) and a larger set of generalized detectors for unknown (or possible) <span class="hlt">fault</span> conditions. Once the <span class="hlt">fault</span> is detected and identified, an adaptive control <span class="hlt">system</span> would use this detection information to stabilize the aircraft by utilizing available resources (control surfaces). We experimented with data sets collected under normal and various simulated failure conditions using a piloted motion-base simulation facility. The reported results are from a collection of test cases that reflect the performance of the proposed immunity-based <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection algorithm.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994JHyd..155..103W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994JHyd..155..103W"><span>The <span class="hlt">fault</span> pattern in the northern Negev and <span class="hlt">southern</span> Coastal Plain of Israel and its hydrogeological implications for groundwater flow in the Judea Group aquifer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Weinberger, G.; Rosenthal, E.</p> <p>1994-03-01</p> <p>On the basis of a broadly expanding data base, the hydrogeological properties of the Judea Group sequence in the northern Negev and <span class="hlt">southern</span> Coastal Plain of Israel have been reassessed. The updated subsurface model is based on data derived from water- and oil-wells and on recent large-scale geophysical investigations. A new regional pattern of the reassessed geological through the subsurface of the study area has been revealed. In view of the reassessed geological and hydrological subsurface setting, it appears that the Judea Group aquifer should not be regarded as one continuous and undisturbed hydrological unit; owing to the occurrence of regional <span class="hlt">faults</span>, its subaquifers are locally interconnected. These subaquifers, which contain mainly high-quality water, are juxtaposed, as a result of <span class="hlt">faulting</span>, against Kurnub Group sandstones containing brackish paleowater. The latter Group is <span class="hlt">faulted</span> against late Jurassic formations containing highly saline groundwater. In the Beer Sheva area, the Judea Group aquifer is vertically displaced against the Senonian and Eocene Mt. Scopus and Avdat Groups, which also contain brackish and saline water. In the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Coastal Plain, major <span class="hlt">faults</span> locally dissect also the Pleistocene Kurkar Group, facilitating inflow of Mg-rich groundwater deriving from Judea Group dolomites. The new geological evidence and its hydrogeological implications provide new solutions for previously unexplained salinization phenomena.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018IJSS...49..179H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018IJSS...49..179H"><span>Sensor <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis of singular delayed LPV <span class="hlt">systems</span> with inexact parameters: an uncertain <span class="hlt">system</span> approach</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hassanabadi, Amir Hossein; Shafiee, Masoud; Puig, Vicenc</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>In this paper, sensor <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis of a singular delayed linear parameter varying (LPV) <span class="hlt">system</span> is considered. In the considered <span class="hlt">system</span>, the model matrices are dependent on some parameters which are real-time measurable. The case of inexact parameter measurements is considered which is close to real situations. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> diagnosis in this <span class="hlt">system</span> is achieved via <span class="hlt">fault</span> estimation. For this purpose, an augmented <span class="hlt">system</span> is created by including sensor <span class="hlt">faults</span> as additional <span class="hlt">system</span> states. Then, an unknown input observer (UIO) is designed which estimates both the <span class="hlt">system</span> states and the <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the presence of measurement noise, disturbances and uncertainty induced by inexact measured parameters. Error dynamics and the original <span class="hlt">system</span> constitute an uncertain <span class="hlt">system</span> due to inconsistencies between real and measured values of the parameters. Then, the robust estimation of the <span class="hlt">system</span> states and the <span class="hlt">faults</span> are achieved with H∞ performance and formulated with a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The designed UIO is also applicable for <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis of singular delayed LPV <span class="hlt">systems</span> with unmeasurable scheduling variables. The efficiency of the proposed approach is illustrated with an example.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMNH21A0157A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMNH21A0157A"><span>Effect of <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Parameter Uncertainties on PSHA explored by Monte Carlo Simulations: A case study for <span class="hlt">southern</span> Apennines, Italy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Akinci, A.; Pace, B.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>In this study, we discuss the seismic hazard variability of peak ground acceleration (PGA) at 475 years return period in the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Apennines of Italy. The uncertainty and parametric sensitivity are presented to quantify the impact of the several <span class="hlt">fault</span> parameters on ground motion predictions for 10% exceedance in 50-year hazard. A time-independent PSHA model is constructed based on the long-term recurrence behavior of seismogenic <span class="hlt">faults</span> adopting the characteristic earthquake model for those sources capable of rupturing the entire <span class="hlt">fault</span> segment with a single maximum magnitude. The <span class="hlt">fault</span>-based source model uses the dimensions and slip rates of mapped <span class="hlt">fault</span> to develop magnitude-frequency estimates for characteristic earthquakes. Variability of the selected <span class="hlt">fault</span> parameter is given with a truncated normal random variable distribution presented by standard deviation about a mean value. A Monte Carlo approach, based on the random balanced sampling by logic tree, is used in order to capture the uncertainty in seismic hazard calculations. For generating both uncertainty and sensitivity maps, we perform 200 simulations for each of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> parameters. The results are synthesized both in frequency-magnitude distribution of modeled <span class="hlt">faults</span> as well as the different maps: the overall uncertainty maps provide a confidence interval for the PGA values and the parameter uncertainty maps determine the sensitivity of hazard assessment to variability of every logic tree branch. These branches of logic tree, analyzed through the Monte Carlo approach, are maximum magnitudes, <span class="hlt">fault</span> length, <span class="hlt">fault</span> width, <span class="hlt">fault</span> dip and slip rates. The overall variability of these parameters is determined by varying them simultaneously in the hazard calculations while the sensitivity of each parameter to overall variability is determined varying each of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> parameters while fixing others. However, in this study we do not investigate the sensitivity of mean hazard results to the consideration of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.483....1W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.483....1W"><span>High sedimentation rates and thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span> modulation: Insights from ocean drilling offshore the St. Elias Mountains, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Alaska</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Worthington, Lindsay L.; Daigle, Hugh; Clary, Wesley A.; Gulick, Sean P. S.; Montelli, Aleksandr</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">southern</span> Alaskan margin offshore the St. Elias Mountains has experienced the highest recorded offshore sediment accumulation rates globally. Combined with high uplift rates, active convergence and extensive temperate glaciation, the margin provides a superb setting for evaluating competing influences of tectonic and surface processes on orogen development. We correlate results from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 341 Sites U1420 and U1421 with regional seismic data to determine the spatial and temporal evolution of the Pamplona Zone fold-thrust belt that forms the offshore St. Elias deformation front on the continental shelf. Our mapping shows that the pattern of active <span class="hlt">faulting</span> changed from distributed across the shelf to localized away from the primary glacial depocenter over ∼300-780 kyrs, following an order-of-magnitude increase in sediment accumulation rates. Simple Coulomb stress calculations show that the suppression of <span class="hlt">faulting</span> is partially controlled by the change in sediment accumulation rates which created a differential pore pressure regime between the underlying, <span class="hlt">faulted</span> strata and the overlying, undeformed sediments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19750021448','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19750021448"><span><span class="hlt">Faults</span> on Skylab imagery of the Salton Trough area, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Merifield, P. M.; Lamar, D. L. (Principal Investigator)</p> <p>1975-01-01</p> <p>The author has identified the following significant results. Large segments of the major high angle <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the Salton Trough area are readily identifiable in Skylab images. Along active <span class="hlt">faults</span>, distinctive topographic features such as scarps and offset drainage, and vegetation differences due to ground water blockage in alluvium are visible. Other <span class="hlt">fault</span>-controlled features along inactive as well as active <span class="hlt">faults</span> visible in Skylab photography include straight mountain fronts, linear valleys, and lithologic differences producing contrasting tone, color or texture. A northwestern extension of a <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the San Andreas set, is postulated by the regional alignment of possible <span class="hlt">fault</span>-controlled features. The suspected <span class="hlt">fault</span> is covered by Holocene deposits, principally windblown sand. A northwest trending tonal change in cultivated fields across Mexicali Valley is visible on Skylab photos. Surface evidence for <span class="hlt">faulting</span> was not observed; however, the linear may be caused by differences in soil conditions along an extension of a segment of the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. No evidence of <span class="hlt">faulting</span> could be found along linears which appear as possible extensions of the Substation and Victory Pass <span class="hlt">faults</span>, demonstrating that the interpretation of linears as <span class="hlt">faults</span> in small scale photography must be corroborated by field investigations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110005477','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110005477"><span>Functional <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Modeling of a Cryogenic <span class="hlt">System</span> for Real-Time <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Detection and Isolation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ferrell, Bob; Lewis, Mark; Perotti, Jose; Oostdyk, Rebecca; Brown, Barbara</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The purpose of this paper is to present the model development process used to create a Functional <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Model (FFM) of a liquid hydrogen (L H2) <span class="hlt">system</span> that will be used for realtime <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation in a <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Detection, Isolation and Recover (FDIR) <span class="hlt">system</span>. The paper explains th e steps in the model development process and the data products required at each step, including examples of how the steps were performed fo r the LH2 <span class="hlt">system</span>. It also shows the relationship between the FDIR req uirements and steps in the model development process. The paper concl udes with a description of a demonstration of the LH2 model developed using the process and future steps for integrating the model in a live operational environment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040121216','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040121216"><span>Provable Transient Recovery for Frame-Based, <span class="hlt">Fault</span>-Tolerant Computing <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>DiVito, Ben L.; Butler, Ricky W.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>We present a formal verification of the transient <span class="hlt">fault</span> recovery aspects of the Reliable Computing Platform (RCP), a <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant computing <span class="hlt">system</span> architecture for digital flight control applications. The RCP uses NMR-style redundancy to mask <span class="hlt">faults</span> and internal majority voting to purge the effects of transient <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The <span class="hlt">system</span> design has been formally specified and verified using the EHDM verification <span class="hlt">system</span>. Our formalization accommodates a wide variety of voting schemes for purging the effects of transients.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SedG..344..135O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SedG..344..135O"><span>Seismically-induced soft-sediment deformation structures associated with the Magallanes-Fagnano <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> (Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Onorato, M. Romina; Perucca, Laura; Coronato, Andrea; Rabassa, Jorge; López, Ramiro</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>In this paper, evidence of paleoearthquake-induced soft-sediment deformation structures associated with the Magallanes-Fagnano <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> in the Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Argentina, has been identified. Well-preserved soft-sediment deformation structures were found in a Holocene sequence of the Udaeta pond. These structures were analyzed in terms of their geometrical characteristics, deformation mechanism, driving force <span class="hlt">system</span> and possible trigger agent. They were also grouped in different morphological types: sand dykes, convolute lamination, load structures and <span class="hlt">faulted</span> soft-sediment deformation features. Udaeta, a small pond in Argentina Tierra del Fuego, is considered a Quaternary pull-apart basin related to the Magallanes-Fagnano <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>. The recognition of these seismically-induced features is an essential tool for paleoseismic studies. Since the three main urban centers in the Tierra del Fuego province of Argentina (Ushuaia, Río Grande and Tolhuin) have undergone an explosive growth in recent years, the results of this study will hopefully contribute to future analyses of the seismic risk of the region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050192243','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050192243"><span>Soft-<span class="hlt">Fault</span> Detection Technologies Developed for Electrical Power <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Button, Robert M.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>The NASA Glenn Research Center, partner universities, and defense contractors are working to develop intelligent power management and distribution (PMAD) technologies for future spacecraft and launch vehicles. The goals are to provide higher performance (efficiency, transient response, and stability), higher <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance, and higher reliability through the application of digital control and communication technologies. It is also expected that these technologies will eventually reduce the design, development, manufacturing, and integration costs for large, electrical power <span class="hlt">systems</span> for space vehicles. The main focus of this research has been to incorporate digital control, communications, and intelligent algorithms into power electronic devices such as direct-current to direct-current (dc-dc) converters and protective switchgear. These technologies, in turn, will enable revolutionary changes in the way electrical power <span class="hlt">systems</span> are designed, developed, configured, and integrated in aerospace vehicles and satellites. Initial successes in integrating modern, digital controllers have proven that transient response performance can be improved using advanced nonlinear control algorithms. One technology being developed includes the detection of "soft <span class="hlt">faults</span>," those not typically covered by current <span class="hlt">systems</span> in use today. Soft <span class="hlt">faults</span> include arcing <span class="hlt">faults</span>, corona discharge <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and undetected leakage currents. Using digital control and advanced signal analysis algorithms, we have shown that it is possible to reliably detect arcing <span class="hlt">faults</span> in high-voltage dc power distribution <span class="hlt">systems</span> (see the preceding photograph). Another research effort has shown that low-level leakage <span class="hlt">faults</span> and cable degradation can be detected by analyzing power <span class="hlt">system</span> parameters over time. This additional <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection capability will result in higher reliability for long-lived power <span class="hlt">systems</span> such as reusable launch vehicles and space exploration missions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70187389','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70187389"><span>Structural superposition in <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> bounding Santa Clara Valley, California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Graymer, Russell W.; Stanley, Richard G.; Ponce, David A.; Jachens, Robert C.; Simpson, Robert W.; Wentworth, Carl M.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Santa Clara Valley is bounded on the southwest and northeast by active strike-slip and reverse-oblique <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. On both sides of the valley, these <span class="hlt">faults</span> are superposed on older normal and/or right-lateral normal oblique <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The older <span class="hlt">faults</span> comprised early components of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> as it formed in the wake of the northward passage of the Mendocino Triple Junction. On the east side of the valley, the great majority of <span class="hlt">fault</span> displacement was accommodated by the older <span class="hlt">faults</span>, which were almost entirely abandoned when the presently active <span class="hlt">faults</span> became active after ca. 2.5 Ma. On the west side of the valley, the older <span class="hlt">faults</span> were abandoned earlier, before ca. 8 Ma and probably accumulated only a small amount, if any, of the total right-lateral offset accommodated by the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone as a whole. Apparent contradictions in observations of <span class="hlt">fault</span> offset and the relation of the gravity field to the distribution of dense rocks at the surface are explained by recognition of superposed structures in the Santa Clara Valley region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT.......239G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT.......239G"><span>Energy-efficient <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance in multiprocessor real-time <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Guo, Yifeng</p> <p></p> <p>The recent progress in the multiprocessor/multicore <span class="hlt">systems</span> has important implications for real-time <span class="hlt">system</span> design and operation. From vehicle navigation to space applications as well as industrial control <span class="hlt">systems</span>, the trend is to deploy multiple processors in real-time <span class="hlt">systems</span>: <span class="hlt">systems</span> with 4 -- 8 processors are common, and it is expected that many-core <span class="hlt">systems</span> with dozens of processing cores will be available in near future. For such <span class="hlt">systems</span>, in addition to general temporal requirement common for all real-time <span class="hlt">systems</span>, two additional operational objectives are seen as critical: energy efficiency and <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance. An intriguing dimension of the problem is that energy efficiency and <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance are typically conflicting objectives, due to the fact that tolerating <span class="hlt">faults</span> (e.g., permanent/transient) often requires extra resources with high energy consumption potential. In this dissertation, various techniques for energy-efficient <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance in multiprocessor real-time <span class="hlt">systems</span> have been investigated. First, the Reliability-Aware Power Management (RAPM) framework, which can preserve the <span class="hlt">system</span> reliability with respect to transient <span class="hlt">faults</span> when Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) is applied for energy savings, is extended to support parallel real-time applications with precedence constraints. Next, the traditional Standby-Sparing (SS) technique for dual processor <span class="hlt">systems</span>, which takes both transient and permanent <span class="hlt">faults</span> into consideration while saving energy, is generalized to support multiprocessor <span class="hlt">systems</span> with arbitrary number of identical processors. Observing the inefficient usage of slack time in the SS technique, a Preference-Oriented Scheduling Framework is designed to address the problem where tasks are given preferences for being executed as soon as possible (ASAP) or as late as possible (ALAP). A preference-oriented earliest deadline (POED) scheduler is proposed and its application in multiprocessor <span class="hlt">systems</span> for energy-efficient <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance is</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160001200','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160001200"><span>Orion GN&C <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Management <span class="hlt">System</span> Verification: Scope And Methodology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Brown, Denise; Weiler, David; Flanary, Ronald</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>In order to ensure long-term ability to meet mission goals and to provide for the safety of the public, ground personnel, and any crew members, nearly all spacecraft include a <span class="hlt">fault</span> management (FM) <span class="hlt">system</span>. For a manned vehicle such as Orion, the safety of the crew is of paramount importance. The goal of the Orion Guidance, Navigation and Control (GN&C) <span class="hlt">fault</span> management <span class="hlt">system</span> is to detect, isolate, and respond to <span class="hlt">faults</span> before they can result in harm to the human crew or loss of the spacecraft. Verification of <span class="hlt">fault</span> management/<span class="hlt">fault</span> protection capability is challenging due to the large number of possible <span class="hlt">faults</span> in a complex spacecraft, the inherent unpredictability of <span class="hlt">faults</span>, the complexity of interactions among the various spacecraft components, and the inability to easily quantify human reactions to failure scenarios. The Orion GN&C <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Detection, Isolation, and Recovery (FDIR) team has developed a methodology for bounding the scope of FM <span class="hlt">system</span> verification while ensuring sufficient coverage of the failure space and providing high confidence that the <span class="hlt">fault</span> management <span class="hlt">system</span> meets all safety requirements. The methodology utilizes a swarm search algorithm to identify failure cases that can result in catastrophic loss of the crew or the vehicle and rare event sequential Monte Carlo to verify safety and FDIR performance requirements.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T31A0621M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T31A0621M"><span>Constant <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Slip-Rates Over Hundreds of Millenia Constrained By Deformed Quaternary Palaeoshorelines: the Vibo and Capo D'Orlando <span class="hlt">Faults</span>, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Italy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Meschis, M.; Roberts, G.; Robertson, J.; Houghton, S.; Briant, R. M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Whether slip-rates on active <span class="hlt">faults</span> accumulated over multiple seismic events is constant or varying over tens to hundreds of millenia timescales is an open question that can be addressed through study of deformed Quaternary palaeoshorelines. It is important to know the answer so that one can judge whether shorter timescale measurements (e.g. Holocene palaeoseismology or decadal geodesy) are suitable for determining earthquake recurrence intervals for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment or more suitable for studying temporal earthquake clustering. We present results from the Vibo <span class="hlt">Fault</span> and the Capo D'Orlando <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, that lie within the deforming Calabrian Arc, which has experienced damaging seismic events such as the 1908 Messina Strait earthquake ( Mw 7) and the 1905 Capo Vaticano earthquake ( Mw 7). These normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> deform uplifted Late Quaternary palaeoshorelines, which outcrop mainly within their hangingwalls, but also partially in their footwalls, showing that a regional subduction and mantle-related uplift outpaces local <span class="hlt">fault</span>-related subsidence. Through (1) field and DEM-based mapping of palaeoshorelines, both up flights of successively higher, older inner edges, and along the strike of the <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and (2) utilisation of synchronous correlation of non-uniformly-spaced inner edge elevations with non-uniformly spaced sea-level highstand ages, we show that slip-rates decrease towards <span class="hlt">fault</span> tips and that slip-rates have remained constant since 340 ka (given the time resolution we obtain). The slip-rates for the Capo D'Orlando <span class="hlt">Fault</span> and Vibo <span class="hlt">Fault</span> are 0.61mm/yr and 1mm/yr respectively. We show that the along-strike gradients in slip-rate towards <span class="hlt">fault</span> tips differ for the two <span class="hlt">faults</span> hinting at <span class="hlt">fault</span> interaction and also discuss this in terms of other regions of extension like the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, where slip-rate has been shown to change through time through the Quaternary. We make the point that slip-rates may change through time as <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> grow</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/19/7/690.abstract','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/19/7/690.abstract"><span>SeaMARC II mapping of transform <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the Cayman Trough, Caribbean Sea</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Rosencrantz, Eric; Mann, Paul</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>SeaMARC II maps of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> wall of the Cayman Trough between Honduras and Jamaica show zones of continuous, well-defined <span class="hlt">fault</span> lineaments adjacent and parallel to the wall, both to the east and west of the Cayman spreading axis. These lineaments mark the present, active traces of transform <span class="hlt">faults</span> which intersect the <span class="hlt">southern</span> end of the spreading axis at a triple junction. The Swan Islands transform <span class="hlt">fault</span> to the west is dominated by two major lineaments that overlap with right-stepping sense across a large push-up ridge beneath the Swan Islands. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone to the east of the axis, named the Walton <span class="hlt">fault</span>, is more complex, containing multiple <span class="hlt">fault</span> strands and a large pull-apart structure. The Walton <span class="hlt">fault</span> links the spreading axis to Jamaican and Hispaniolan strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and it defines the <span class="hlt">southern</span> boundary of a microplate composed of the eastern Cayman Trough and western Hispaniola. The presence of this microplate raises questions about the veracity of Caribbean plate velocities based primarily on Cayman Trough opening rates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1147/ofr20151147_pamphlet.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1147/ofr20151147_pamphlet.pdf"><span>Photomosaics and event evidence from the Frazier Mountain paleoseismic site, trench 1, cuts 5–24, San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone, <span class="hlt">southern</span> California (2010–2012)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Scharer, Katherine M.; Fumal, Tom E.; Weldon, Ray J.; Streig, Ashley R.</p> <p>2015-08-24</p> <p>The Frazier Mountain paleoseismic site is located within the northern Big Bend of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (lat 34.8122° N., lon 118.9034° W.), in a small structural basin formed by the <span class="hlt">fault</span> (fig. 1). The site has been the focus of over a decade of paleoseismic study due to high stratigraphic resolution and abundant dateable material. Trench 1 (T1) was initially excavated as a 50-m long, <span class="hlt">fault</span>-perpendicular trench crossing the northern half of the basin (Lindvall and others, 2002; Scharer and others, 2014a). Owing to the importance of a high-resolution trench site at this location on a 200-km length of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> with no other long paleoseismic records, later work progressively lengthened and deepened T1 in a series of excavations, or cuts, that enlarged the original excavation. Scharer and others (2014a) provide the photomosaics and event evidence for the first four cuts, which largely show the upper section of the site, represented by alluvial deposits that date from about A.D. 1500 to present. Scharer and others (2014b) discuss the earthquake evidence and dating at the site within the context of prehistoric rupture lengths and magnitudes on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. Here we present the photomosaics and event evidence for a series of cuts from the lower section, covering sediments that were deposited from about A.D. 500 to 1500 (fig. 2).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.6566A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.6566A"><span>Using <span class="hlt">faults</span> for PSHA in a volcanic context: the Etna case (<span class="hlt">Southern</span> Italy)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Azzaro, Raffaele; D'Amico, Salvatore; Gee, Robin; Pace, Bruno; Peruzza, Laura</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>At Mt. Etna volcano (<span class="hlt">Southern</span> Italy), recurrent volcano-tectonic earthquakes affect the urbanised areas, with an overall population of about 400,000 and with important infrastructures and lifelines. For this reason, seismic hazard analyses have been undertaken in the last decade focusing on the capability of local <span class="hlt">faults</span> to generate damaging earthquakes especially in the short-term (30-5 yrs); these results have to be intended as complementary to the regulatory seismic hazard maps, and devoted to establish priority in the seismic retrofitting of the exposed municipalities. Starting from past experience, in the framework of the V3 Project funded by the Italian Department of Civil Defense we performed a fully probabilistic seismic hazard assessment by using an original definition of seismic sources and ground-motion prediction equations specifically derived for this volcanic area; calculations are referred to a new brand topographic surface (Mt. Etna reaches more than 3,000 m in elevation, in less than 20 km from the coast), and to both Poissonian and time-dependent occurrence models. We present at first the process of defining seismic sources that includes individual <span class="hlt">faults</span>, seismic zones and gridded seismicity; they are obtained by integrating geological field data with long-term (the historical macroseismic catalogue) and short-term earthquake data (the instrumental catalogue). The analysis of the Frequency Magnitude Distribution identifies areas in the volcanic complex, with a- and b-values of the Gutenberg-Richter relationship representative of different dynamic processes. Then, we discuss the variability of the mean occurrence times of major earthquakes along the main Etnean <span class="hlt">faults</span> estimated by using a purely geologic approach. This analysis has been carried out through the software code FISH, a Matlab® tool developed to turn <span class="hlt">fault</span> data representative of the seismogenic process into hazard models. The utilization of a magnitude-size scaling relationship</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940031556','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940031556"><span>Transient <span class="hlt">Faults</span> in Computer <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Masson, Gerald M.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>A powerful technique particularly appropriate for the detection of errors caused by transient <span class="hlt">faults</span> in computer <span class="hlt">systems</span> was developed. The technique can be implemented in either software or hardware; the research conducted thus far primarily considered software implementations. The error detection technique developed has the distinct advantage of having provably complete coverage of all errors caused by transient <span class="hlt">faults</span> that affect the output produced by the execution of a program. In other words, the technique does not have to be tuned to a particular error model to enhance error coverage. Also, the correctness of the technique can be formally verified. The technique uses time and software redundancy. The foundation for an effective, low-overhead, software-based certification trail approach to real-time error detection resulting from transient <span class="hlt">fault</span> phenomena was developed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930003352','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930003352"><span>Measurement and analysis of operating <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lee, I.; Tang, D.; Iyer, R. K.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>This paper demonstrates a methodology to model and evaluate the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance characteristics of operational software. The methodology is illustrated through case studies on three different operating <span class="hlt">systems</span>: the Tandem GUARDIAN <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant <span class="hlt">system</span>, the VAX/VMS distributed <span class="hlt">system</span>, and the IBM/MVS <span class="hlt">system</span>. Measurements are made on these <span class="hlt">systems</span> for substantial periods to collect software error and recovery data. In addition to investigating basic dependability characteristics such as major software problems and error distributions, we develop two levels of models to describe error and recovery processes inside an operating <span class="hlt">system</span> and on multiple instances of an operating <span class="hlt">system</span> running in a distributed environment. Based on the models, reward analysis is conducted to evaluate the loss of service due to software errors and the effect of the <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerance techniques implemented in the <span class="hlt">systems</span>. Software error correlation in multicomputer <span class="hlt">systems</span> is also investigated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AIPC.1285..471A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AIPC.1285..471A"><span>Discrete Wavelet Transform for <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Locations in Underground Distribution <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Apisit, C.; Ngaopitakkul, A.</p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>In this paper, a technique for detecting <span class="hlt">faults</span> in underground distribution <span class="hlt">system</span> is presented. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based on traveling wave is employed in order to detect the high frequency components and to identify <span class="hlt">fault</span> locations in the underground distribution <span class="hlt">system</span>. The first peak time obtained from the faulty bus is employed for calculating the distance of <span class="hlt">fault</span> from sending end. The validity of the proposed technique is tested with various <span class="hlt">fault</span> inception angles, <span class="hlt">fault</span> locations and faulty phases. The result is found that the proposed technique provides satisfactory result and will be very useful in the development of power <span class="hlt">systems</span> protection scheme.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910007729','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910007729"><span>Flight elements: <span class="hlt">Fault</span> detection and <span class="hlt">fault</span> management</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lum, H.; Patterson-Hine, A.; Edge, J. T.; Lawler, D.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fault</span> management for an intelligent computational <span class="hlt">system</span> must be developed using a top down integrated engineering approach. An approach proposed includes integrating the overall environment involving sensors and their associated data; design knowledge capture; operations; <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection, identification, and reconfiguration; testability; causal models including digraph matrix analysis; and overall performance impacts on the hardware and software architecture. Implementation of the concept to achieve a real time intelligent <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection and management <span class="hlt">system</span> will be accomplished via the implementation of several objectives, which are: Development of <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant/FDIR requirement and specification from a <span class="hlt">systems</span> level which will carry through from conceptual design through implementation and mission operations; Implementation of monitoring, diagnosis, and reconfiguration at all <span class="hlt">system</span> levels providing <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation and <span class="hlt">system</span> integration; Optimize <span class="hlt">system</span> operations to manage degraded <span class="hlt">system</span> performance through <span class="hlt">system</span> integration; and Lower development and operations costs through the implementation of an intelligent real time <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection and <span class="hlt">fault</span> management <span class="hlt">system</span> and an information management <span class="hlt">system</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870007126','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870007126"><span>Evaluation of reliability modeling tools for advanced <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Baker, Robert; Scheper, Charlotte</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>The Computer Aided Reliability Estimation (CARE III) and Automated Reliability Interactice Estimation <span class="hlt">System</span> (ARIES 82) reliability tools for application to advanced <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance aerospace <span class="hlt">systems</span> were evaluated. To determine reliability modeling requirements, the evaluation focused on the Draper Laboratories' Advanced Information Processing <span class="hlt">System</span> (AIPS) architecture as an example architecture for <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance aerospace <span class="hlt">systems</span>. Advantages and limitations were identified for each reliability evaluation tool. The CARE III program was designed primarily for analyzing ultrareliable flight control <span class="hlt">systems</span>. The ARIES 82 program's primary use was to support university research and teaching. Both CARE III and ARIES 82 were not suited for determining the reliability of complex nodal networks of the type used to interconnect processing sites in the AIPS architecture. It was concluded that ARIES was not suitable for modeling advanced <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant <span class="hlt">systems</span>. It was further concluded that subject to some limitations (the difficulty in modeling <span class="hlt">systems</span> with unpowered spare modules, <span class="hlt">systems</span> where equipment maintenance must be considered, <span class="hlt">systems</span> where failure depends on the sequence in which <span class="hlt">faults</span> occurred, and <span class="hlt">systems</span> where multiple <span class="hlt">faults</span> greater than a double near coincident <span class="hlt">faults</span> must be considered), CARE III is best suited for evaluating the reliability of advanced tolerant <span class="hlt">systems</span> for air transport.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120016069','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120016069"><span>Designing <span class="hlt">Fault</span>-Injection Experiments for the Reliability of Embedded <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>White, Allan L.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>This paper considers the long-standing problem of conducting <span class="hlt">fault</span>-injections experiments to establish the ultra-reliability of embedded <span class="hlt">systems</span>. There have been extensive efforts in <span class="hlt">fault</span> injection, and this paper offers a partial summary of the efforts, but these previous efforts have focused on realism and efficiency. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> injections have been used to examine diagnostics and to test algorithms, but the literature does not contain any framework that says how to conduct <span class="hlt">fault</span>-injection experiments to establish ultra-reliability. A solution to this problem integrates field-data, arguments-from-design, and <span class="hlt">fault</span>-injection into a seamless whole. The solution in this paper is to derive a model reduction theorem for a class of semi-Markov models suitable for describing ultra-reliable embedded <span class="hlt">systems</span>. The derivation shows that a tight upper bound on the probability of <span class="hlt">system</span> failure can be obtained using only the means of <span class="hlt">system</span>-recovery times, thus reducing the experimental effort to estimating a reasonable number of easily-observed parameters. The paper includes an example of a <span class="hlt">system</span> subject to both permanent and transient <span class="hlt">faults</span>. There is a discussion of integrating <span class="hlt">fault</span>-injection with field-data and arguments-from-design.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70188394','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70188394"><span>The western limits of the Seattle <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone and its interaction with the Olympic Peninsula, Washington</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>A.P. Lamb,; L.M. Liberty,; Blakely, Richard J.; Pratt, Thomas L.; Sherrod, B.L.; Van Wijk, K.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>We present evidence that the Seattle <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone of Washington State extends to the west edge of the Puget Lowland and is kinemati-cally linked to active <span class="hlt">faults</span> that border the Olympic Massif, including the Saddle Moun-tain deformation zone. Newly acquired high-resolution seismic reflection and marine magnetic data suggest that the Seattle <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone extends west beyond the Seattle Basin to form a >100-km-long active <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. We provide evidence for a strain transfer zone, expressed as a broad set of <span class="hlt">faults</span> and folds connecting the Seattle and Saddle Mountain deformation zones near Hood Canal. This connection provides an explanation for the apparent synchroneity of M7 earthquakes on the two <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> ~1100 yr ago. We redefi ne the boundary of the Tacoma Basin to include the previously termed Dewatto basin and show that the Tacoma <span class="hlt">fault</span>, the <span class="hlt">southern</span> part of which is a backthrust of the Seattle <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, links with a previously unidentifi ed <span class="hlt">fault</span> along the western margin of the Seattle uplift. We model this north-south <span class="hlt">fault</span>, termed the Dewatto <span class="hlt">fault</span>, along the western margin of the Seattle uplift as a low-angle thrust that initiated with exhu-mation of the Olympic Massif and today accommodates north-directed motion. The Tacoma and Dewatto <span class="hlt">faults</span> likely control both the <span class="hlt">southern</span> and western boundaries of the Seattle uplift. The inferred strain trans-fer zone linking the Seattle <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone and Saddle Mountain deformation zone defi nes the northern margin of the Tacoma Basin, and the Saddle Mountain deformation zone forms the northwestern boundary of the Tacoma Basin. Our observations and model suggest that the western portions of the Seattle <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone and Tacoma <span class="hlt">fault</span> are com-plex, require temporal variations in principal strain directions, and cannot be modeled as a simple thrust and/or backthrust <span class="hlt">system</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995Tecto..14..933J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995Tecto..14..933J"><span>Structural and metamorphic evolution of the Orocopia Schist and related rocks, <span class="hlt">southern</span> California: Evidence for late movement on the Orocopia <span class="hlt">fault</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jacobson, Carl E.; Dawson, M. Robert</p> <p>1995-08-01</p> <p>The Pelona, Orocopia, and Rand Schists (POR schists) of <span class="hlt">southern</span> California and southwesternmost Arizona are late Mesozoic or early Tertiary subduction complexes that underlie Precambrian to Mesozoic continental basement along the low-angle Vincent-Chocolate Mountains (VCM) <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. The VCM <span class="hlt">faults</span> are often considered to be remnants of the original subduction zone, but recent work indicates that many have undergone substantial postsubduction reactivation. In the Orocopia Mountains, for example, the Orocopia Schist exhibits an exceptionally complex structural and metamorphic history due to multiple periods of movement along the Orocopia <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Structures in the schist include isoclinal folds with axial-planar schistosity, open-to-tight folds that fold schistosity, penetrative stretching lineations, and crenulation lineations, all of which show a nearly 360° range in trend. Folds and lineations that trend approximately NE-SW occur throughout the schist and are thought to be part of an early phase of deformation related to subduction. Folds of this orientation show no consistent vergence. Folds and lineations that trend approximately NW-SE are concentrated near the Orocopia <span class="hlt">fault</span> and are interpreted to have formed during exhumation of the schist. The NW-SE trending folds, and shear indicators in late-stage mylonite at the top of the schist, consistently verge NE. The exhumation event culminated in emplacement of the schist against brittlely deformed upper plate. Exhumation of the Orocopia Schist was accompanied by retrograde replacement of garnet, biotite, epidote, and calcic amphibole by chlorite, calcite, and sericite. Matrix amphibole has a lower Na/Al ratio than amphibole inclusions in albite, consistent with a late-stage decrease in pressure. As NE vergence in the Orocopia Mountains is associated with exhumation of the schist, the NE movement along other segments of the VCM <span class="hlt">fault</span> may also be late and therefore have no bearing on the facing direction of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70118529','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70118529"><span>Evolution of the Rodgers Creek–Maacama right-lateral <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> and associated basins east of the northward-migrating Mendocino Triple Junction, northern California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>McLaughlin, Robert J.; Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M.; Wagner, David L.; Fleck, Robert J.; Langenheim, V.E.; Jachens, Robert C.; Clahan, Kevin; Allen, James R.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The Rodgers Creek–Maacama <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> in the northern California Coast Ranges (United States) takes up substantial right-lateral motion within the wide transform boundary between the Pacific and North American plates, over a slab window that has opened northward beneath the Coast Ranges. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> evolved in several right steps and splays preceded and accompanied by extension, volcanism, and strike-slip basin development. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> and basin geometries have changed with time, in places with younger basins and <span class="hlt">faults</span> overprinting older structures. Along-strike and successional changes in <span class="hlt">fault</span> and basin geometry at the <span class="hlt">southern</span> end of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> probably are adjustments to frequent <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone reorganizations in response to Mendocino Triple Junction migration and northward transit of a major releasing bend in the northern San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The earliest Rodgers Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone displacement is interpreted to have occurred ca. 7 Ma along extensional basin-forming <span class="hlt">faults</span> that splayed northwest from a west-northwest proto-Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, opening a transtensional basin west of Santa Rosa. After ca. 5 Ma, the early transtensional basin was compressed and extensional <span class="hlt">faults</span> were reactivated as thrusts that uplifted the northeast side of the basin. After ca. 2.78 Ma, the Rodgers Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone again splayed from the earlier extensional and thrust <span class="hlt">faults</span> to steeper dipping <span class="hlt">faults</span> with more north-northwest orientations. In conjunction with the changes in orientation and slip mode, the Rodgers Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone dextral slip rate increased from ∼2–4 mm/yr 7–3 Ma, to 5–8 mm/yr after 3 Ma. The Maacama <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone is shown from several data sets to have initiated ca. 3.2 Ma and has slipped right-laterally at ∼5–8 mm/yr since its initiation. The initial Maacama <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone splayed northeastward from the south end of the Rodgers Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, accompanied by the opening of several strike-slip basins, some of which were later uplifted and compressed</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930041880&hterms=electrical+power+systems&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Delectrical%2Bpower%2Bsystems','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930041880&hterms=electrical+power+systems&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Delectrical%2Bpower%2Bsystems"><span>Results of an electrical power <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">fault</span> study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Dugal-Whitehead, Norma R.; Johnson, Yvette B.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>NASA-Marshall conducted a study of electrical power <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">faults</span> with a view to the development of AI control <span class="hlt">systems</span> for a spacecraft power <span class="hlt">system</span> breadboard. The results of this study have been applied to a multichannel high voltage dc spacecraft power <span class="hlt">system</span>, the Large Autonomous Spacecraft Electrical Power <span class="hlt">System</span> (LASEPS) breadboard. Some of the <span class="hlt">faults</span> encountered in testing LASEPS included the shorting of a bus an a falloff in battery cell capacity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993JSG....15..335W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993JSG....15..335W"><span>A footwall <span class="hlt">system</span> of <span class="hlt">faults</span> associated with a foreland thrust in Montana</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Watkinson, A. J.</p> <p>1993-05-01</p> <p>Some recent structural geology models of <span class="hlt">faulting</span> have promoted the idea of a rigid footwall behaviour or response under the main thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span>, especially for <span class="hlt">fault</span> ramps or <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bend folds. However, a very well-exposed thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the Montana fold and thrust belt shows an intricate but well-ordered <span class="hlt">system</span> of subsidiary minor <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the footwall position with respect to the main thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span> plane. Considerable shortening has occurred off the main <span class="hlt">fault</span> in this footwall collapse zone and the distribution and style of the minor <span class="hlt">faults</span> accord well with published patterns of aftershock foci associated with thrust <span class="hlt">faults</span>. In detail, there appear to be geometrically self-similar <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> from metre length down to a few centimetres. The smallest sets show both slip and dilation. The slickensides show essentially two-dimensional displacements, and three slip <span class="hlt">systems</span> were operative—one parallel to the bedding, and two conjugate and symmetric about the bedding (acute angle of 45-50°). A reconstruction using physical analogue models suggests one possible model for the evolution and sequencing of slip of the thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030106066&hterms=coulomb&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dcoulomb','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030106066&hterms=coulomb&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dcoulomb"><span>Coulomb Stress Accumulation along the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Smith, Bridget; Sandwell, David</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Stress accumulation rates along the primary segments of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> are computed using a three-dimensional (3-D) elastic half-space model with realistic <span class="hlt">fault</span> geometry. The model is developed in the Fourier domain by solving for the response of an elastic half-space due to a point vector body force and analytically integrating the force from a locking depth to infinite depth. This approach is then applied to the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> using published slip rates along 18 major <span class="hlt">fault</span> strands of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. GPS-derived horizontal velocity measurements spanning the entire 1700 x 200 km region are then used to solve for apparent locking depth along each primary <span class="hlt">fault</span> segment. This simple model fits remarkably well (2.43 mm/yr RMS misfit), although some discrepancies occur in the Eastern California Shear Zone. The model also predicts vertical uplift and subsidence rates that are in agreement with independent geologic and geodetic estimates. In addition, shear and normal stresses along the major <span class="hlt">fault</span> strands are used to compute Coulomb stress accumulation rate. As a result, we find earthquake recurrence intervals along the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> to be inversely proportional to Coulomb stress accumulation rate, in agreement with typical coseismic stress drops of 1 - 10 MPa. This 3-D deformation model can ultimately be extended to include both time-dependent forcing and viscoelastic response.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19840019666','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19840019666"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> tolerant architectures for integrated aircraft electronics <span class="hlt">systems</span>, task 2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Levitt, K. N.; Melliar-Smith, P. M.; Schwartz, R. L.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>The architectural basis for an advanced <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant on-board computer to succeed the current generation of <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant computers is examined. The network error tolerant <span class="hlt">system</span> architecture is studied with particular attention to intercluster configurations and communication protocols, and to refined reliability estimates. The diagnosis of <span class="hlt">faults</span>, so that appropriate choices for reconfiguration can be made is discussed. The analysis relates particularly to the recognition of transient <span class="hlt">faults</span> in a <span class="hlt">system</span> with tasks at many levels of priority. The demand driven data-flow architecture, which appears to have possible application in <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant <span class="hlt">systems</span> is described and work investigating the feasibility of automatic generation of aircraft flight control programs from abstract specifications is reported.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T33C2657N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T33C2657N"><span>Evidence for Seismic and Aseismic Slip along a Foreland Thrust <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Appalachians</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Newman, J.; Wells, R. K.; Holyoke, C. W.; Wojtal, S. F.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Studies of deformation along ancient thrust <span class="hlt">faults</span> form the basis for much of our fundamental understanding of <span class="hlt">fault</span> and shear zone processes. These classic studies interpreted meso- and microstructures as formed during aseismic creep. Recent experimental studies, and studies of naturally deformed rocks in seismically active regions, reveal similar microstructures to those observed locally in a carbonate foreland thrust from the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Appalachians, suggesting that this thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span> preserves evidence of both seismic and aseismic deformation. The Copper Creek thrust, TN, accommodated 15-20 km displacement, at depths of 4-6 km, as estimated from balanced cross-sections. At the Diggs Gap exposure of the Copper Creek thrust, an approximately 2 cm thick, vein-like shear zone separates shale layers in the hanging wall and footwall. The shear zone is composed of anastomosing layers of ultrafine-grained calcite and/or shale as well as aggregate clasts of ultrafine-grained calcite or shale. The boundary between the shear zone and the hanging wall is sharp, with slickensides along the boundary, parallel to the shear zone movement direction. A 350 μm-thick layer of ultrafine-grained calcite separates the shear zone and the footwall. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> parallel and perpendicular calcite veins are common in the footwall and increase in density towards the shear zone. Microstructures within the vein-like shear zone that are similar to those observed in experimental studies of unstable slip include: ultrafine-grained calcite (~0.34 μm), nano-aggregate clasts (100-300 nm), injection structures, and vein-wrapped and matrix-wrapped clasts. Not all structures within the shear zone and ultrafine-grained calcite layer suggest seismic slip. Within the footwall veins and calcite aggregate clasts within the shear zone, pores at twin-twin intersections suggest plasticity-induced fracturing as the main mechanism for grain size reduction. Interpenetrating grain boundaries in ultrafine</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA272878','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA272878"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> Tolerant Real-Time <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1993-09-30</p> <p>The ART (Advanced Real-Time Technology) Project of Carnegie Mellon University is engaged in wide ranging research on hard real - time <span class="hlt">systems</span> . The...including hardware and software <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance using temporal redundancy and analytic redundancy to permit the construction of real - time <span class="hlt">systems</span> whose</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Tecto..33..485P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Tecto..33..485P"><span>Evolution, distribution, and characteristics of rifting in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Ethiopia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Philippon, Melody; Corti, Giacomo; Sani, Federico; Bonini, Marco; Balestrieri, Maria-Laura; Molin, Paola; Willingshofer, Ernst; Sokoutis, Dimitrios; Cloetingh, Sierd</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Southern</span> Ethiopia is a key region to understand the evolution of the East African rift <span class="hlt">system</span>, since it is the area of interaction between the main Ethiopian rift (MER) and the Kenyan rift. However, geological data constraining rift evolution in this remote area are still relatively sparse. In this study the timing, distribution, and style of rifting in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Ethiopia are constrained by new structural, geochronological, and geomorphological data. The border <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the area are roughly parallel to preexisting basement fabrics and are progressively more oblique with respect to the regional Nubia-Somalia motion proceeding southward. Kinematic indicators along these <span class="hlt">faults</span> are mainly dip slip, pointing to a progressive rotation of the computed direction of extension toward the south. Radiocarbon data indicate post 30 ka <span class="hlt">faulting</span> at both western and eastern margins of the MER with limited axial deformation. Similarly, geomorphological data suggest recent <span class="hlt">fault</span> activity along the western margins of the basins composing the Gofa Province and in the Chew Bahir basin. This supports that interaction between the MER and the Kenyan rift in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Ethiopia occurs in a 200 km wide zone of ongoing deformation. <span class="hlt">Fault</span>-related exhumation at ~10-12 Ma in the Gofa Province, as constrained by new apatite fission track data, occurred later than the ~20 Ma basement exhumation of the Chew Bahir basin, thus pointing to a northward propagation of the Kenyan rift-related extension in the area.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70026869','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70026869"><span>The offshore Palos Verdes <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone near San Pedro, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Fisher, M.A.; Normark, W.R.; Langenheim, V.E.; Calvert, A.J.; Sliter, R.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>High-resolution seismic-reflection data are combined with a variety of other geophysical and geological data to interpret the offshore structure and earthquake hazards of the San Pedro shelf, near Los Angeles, California. Prominent structures investigated include the Wilmington graben, the Palos Verdes <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, various <span class="hlt">faults</span> below the west part of the San Pedro shelf and slope, and the deep-water San Pedro basin. The structure of the Palos Verdes <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone changes markedly along strike southeastward across the San Pedro shelf and slope. Under the north part of the shelf, this <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone includes several strands, with the main strand dipping west. Under the slope, the main <span class="hlt">fault</span> strands exhibit normal separation and mostly dip east. To the southeast near Lasuen Knoll, the Palos Verdes <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone locally is low angle, but elsewhere near this knoll, the <span class="hlt">fault</span> dips steeply. Fresh seafloor scarps near Lasuen Knoll indicate recent <span class="hlt">fault</span> movement. We explain the observed structural variation along the Palos Verdes <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone as the result of changes in strike and <span class="hlt">fault</span> geometry along a master right-lateral strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> at depth. Complicated movement along this deep <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone is suggested by the possible wave-cut terraces on Lasuen Knoll, which indicate subaerial exposure during the last sea level lowstand and subsequent subsidence of the knoll. Modeling of aeromagnetic data indicates a large magnetic body under the west part of the San Pedro shelf and upper slope. We interpret this body to be thick basalt of probable Miocene age. This basalt mass appears to have affected the pattern of rock deformation, perhaps because the basalt was more competent during deformation than the sedimentary rocks that encased the basalt. West of the Palos Verdes <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, other northwest-striking <span class="hlt">faults</span> deform the outer shelf and slope. Evidence for recent movement along these <span class="hlt">faults</span> is equivocal, because we lack age dates on deformed or offset sediment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1814458B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1814458B"><span>Towards a <span class="hlt">Fault</span>-based SHA in the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Upper Rhine Graben</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Baize, Stéphane; Reicherter, Klaus; Thomas, Jessica; Chartier, Thomas; Cushing, Edward Marc</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>A brief overview at a seismic map of the Upper Rhine Graben area (say between Strasbourg and Basel) reveals that the region is seismically active. The area has been hit recently by shallow and moderate quakes but, historically, strong quakes damaged and devastated populated zones. Several authors previously suggested, through preliminary geomorphological and geophysical studies, that active <span class="hlt">faults</span> could be traced along the eastern margin of the graben. Thus, <span class="hlt">fault</span>-based PSHA (probabilistic seismic hazard assessment) studies should be developed. Nevertheless, most of the input data in <span class="hlt">fault</span>-based PSHA models are highly uncertain, based upon sparse or hypothetical data. Geophysical and geological data document the presence of post-Tertiary westward dipping <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the area. However, our first investigations suggest that the available surface <span class="hlt">fault</span> map do not provide a reliable document of Quaternary <span class="hlt">fault</span> traces. Slip rate values that can be currently used in <span class="hlt">fault</span>-PSHA models are based on regional stratigraphic data, but these include neither detailed datings nor clear base surface contours. Several hints on <span class="hlt">fault</span> activity do exist and we have now relevant tools and techniques to figure out the activity of the <span class="hlt">faults</span> of concern. Our preliminary analyses suggest that the LiDAR topography can adequately image the <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments and, thanks to detailed geomorphological analysis, these data allow tracking cumulative <span class="hlt">fault</span> offsets. Because the <span class="hlt">fault</span> models can therefore be considered highly uncertain, our coming project for the next 3 years is to acquire and analyze these accurate topographical data, to trace the active <span class="hlt">faults</span> and to determine slip rates through relevant features dating. Eventually, we plan to find a key site to perform a paleoseismological trench because this approach has been proved to be worth in the Graben, both to the North (Wörms and Strasbourg) and to the South (Basel). This would be done in order to definitely prove whether the <span class="hlt">faults</span> ruptured</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/4169124','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/4169124"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> trees for decision making in <span class="hlt">systems</span> analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Lambert, Howard E.</p> <p>1975-10-09</p> <p>The application of <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree analysis (FTA) to <span class="hlt">system</span> safety and reliability is presented within the framework of <span class="hlt">system</span> safety analysis. The concepts and techniques involved in manual and automated <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree construction are described and their differences noted. The theory of mathematical reliability pertinent to FTA is presented with emphasis on engineering applications. An outline of the quantitative reliability techniques of the Reactor Safety Study is given. Concepts of probabilistic importance are presented within the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree framework and applied to the areas of <span class="hlt">system</span> design, diagnosis and simulation. The computer code IMPORTANCE ranks basic events and cut setsmore » according to a sensitivity analysis. A useful feature of the IMPORTANCE code is that it can accept relative failure data as input. The output of the IMPORTANCE code can assist an analyst in finding weaknesses in <span class="hlt">system</span> design and operation, suggest the most optimal course of <span class="hlt">system</span> upgrade, and determine the optimal location of sensors within a <span class="hlt">system</span>. A general simulation model of <span class="hlt">system</span> failure in terms of <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree logic is described. The model is intended for efficient diagnosis of the causes of <span class="hlt">system</span> failure in the event of a <span class="hlt">system</span> breakdown. It can also be used to assist an operator in making decisions under a time constraint regarding the future course of operations. The model is well suited for computer implementation. New results incorporated in the simulation model include an algorithm to generate repair checklists on the basis of <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree logic and a one-step-ahead optimization procedure that minimizes the expected time to diagnose <span class="hlt">system</span> failure.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.T21B0407M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.T21B0407M"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span>-Bounded Late Neogene Sedimentary Deposits in the Santa Rosa Mountains, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> CA: Constraints on the Evolution of the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">Fault</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Matti, J. C.; Morton, D. M.; Cox, B. F.; Landis, G. P.; Langenheim, V. E.; Premo, W. R.; Kistler, R.; Budahn, J. R.</p> <p>2006-12-01</p> <p>In the Santa Rosa Mountains (SRM) on the W side of the Salton Trough, a late Neogene sedimentary sequence (Zosel sequence, ZS) in the hanging wall of the E-dipping Zosel normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> (ZFHW) has implications for the geologic history of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (SAF) <span class="hlt">system</span>. The upper conglomeratic part of the ZS records the culmination of slip on the ZF, which preceded strike-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span> on the right-lateral San Jacinto <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (SJF) a few km to the W. The conglomerate is an alluvial-fan complex of fluvial, debris-flow, and rock-avalanche deposits that prograded NE over underlying paralic and marine deposits. Clasts are ?10m, and fluvial imbrications indicate mean streamflow trending ~N30E; paleocurrent indicators and clast compositions suggest sediment was derived mainly from granitoid terrains SW of the SRM. Deposition appears to have ceased by early Quaternary time: cosmogenic analysis of boulders from the eroded upper surface of the ZS indicates min and max exposure ages of 500Ka and 1.3Ma (Ne in qtz), 514Ka to 1.17Ma (Ne in hbl), and 647Ka to 1.158Ma (He). Granitoid clasts include distinctive texturally massive hbl- bio tonalite unlike any basement rock exposed in the SRM or in other footwall crystalline terranes directly to the W. The tonalite clasts are similar to bedrock in the White Wash (WW) area 24 km to the NW on the W side of the Clark strand of the SJF (SJFC). Initial Sr ratios for WW samples range from 0.70622 to 0.70631; ZS clasts range from 0.70615 to 0.70638. One sample from ZS and WW have identical light REE patterns that appear to be unique in the Peninsular Ranges batholith. U/Pb zircon ages for WW samples range from 96.6 to 98.2Ma while ZS clasts range from 95.8 to 98.7Ma. Based on these data, tonalite clasts in the ZS match tonalite now exposed in the WW area. We propose the following reconstruction: (1) From 6Ma to 1.2Ma, Zosel sediment is deposited near sea level as an alluvial-fan and fan-delta complex interfingering NE-ward with</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S53B0687C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S53B0687C"><span>Paleoseismology of Sinistral-Slip <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>, Focusing on the Mae Chan <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, on the Shan Plateau, SE Asia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Curtiss, E. R.; Weldon, R. J.; Wiwegwin, W.; Weldon, E. M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The Shan Plateau, which includes portions of Myanmar, China, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam lies between the dextral NS-trending Sagaing and SE-trending Red River <span class="hlt">faults</span> and contains 14 active E-W sinistral-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span>, including the Mae Chan <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (MCF) in northern Thailand. The last ground-rupturing earthquake to occur on the broader sinistral <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> was the M6.8 Tarlay earthquake in Myanmar in March 2011 on the Nam Ma <span class="hlt">fault</span> immediately north of the MCF the last earthquake to occur on the MCF was a M4.0 in the 5th century that destroyed the entire city of Wiang Yonok (Morley et al., 2011). We report on a trenching study of the MCF, which is part of a broader study to create a regional seismic hazard map of the entire Shan Plateau. By studying the MCF, which appears to be representative of the sinistral <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and easy to work on, we hope to characterize both it and the other unstudied <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the <span class="hlt">system</span>. As part of a paleoseismology training course we dug two trenches at the Pa Tueng site on the MCF, within an offset river channel and the trenches exposed young sediment with abundant charcoal (in process of dating), cultural artifacts, and evidence for the last two (or three) ground-rupturing earthquakes on the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. We hope to use the data from this site to narrow the recurrence interval, which is currently to be 2,000-4,000 years and the slip rate of 1-2 mm/year, being developed at other sites on the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. By extrapolating the data of the MCF to the other <span class="hlt">faults</span> we will have a better understanding of the whole <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. Once we have characterized the MCF, we plan to use geomorphic offsets and strain rates from regional GPS to relatively estimate the activity of the other <span class="hlt">faults</span> in this sinistral <span class="hlt">system</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..108e2099W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..108e2099W"><span>Application Research of <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Tree Analysis in Grid Communication <span class="hlt">System</span> Corrective Maintenance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Jian; Yang, Zhenwei; Kang, Mei</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>This paper attempts to apply the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree analysis method to the corrective maintenance field of grid communication <span class="hlt">system</span>. Through the establishment of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree model of typical <span class="hlt">system</span> and the engineering experience, the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree analysis theory is used to analyze the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree model, which contains the field of structural function, probability importance and so on. The results show that the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree analysis can realize fast positioning and well repairing of the <span class="hlt">system</span>. Meanwhile, it finds that the analysis method of <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree has some guiding significance to the reliability researching and upgrading f the <span class="hlt">system</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1017458','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1017458"><span>All-to-all sequenced <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Archer, Charles Jens; Pinnow, Kurt Walter; Ratterman, Joseph D.; Smith, Brian Edward</p> <p>2010-11-02</p> <p>An apparatus, program product and method enable nodal <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection by sequencing communications between all <span class="hlt">system</span> nodes. A master node may coordinate communications between two slave nodes before sequencing to and initiating communications between a new pair of slave nodes. The communications may be analyzed to determine the nodal <span class="hlt">fault</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060044150&hterms=trees&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dtrees','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060044150&hterms=trees&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dtrees"><span>A dynamic <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree model of a propulsion <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Xu, Hong; Dugan, Joanne Bechta; Meshkat, Leila</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>We present a dynamic <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree model of the benchmark propulsion <span class="hlt">system</span>, and solve it using Galileo. Dynamic <span class="hlt">fault</span> trees (DFT) extend traditional static <span class="hlt">fault</span> trees with special gates to model spares and other sequence dependencies. Galileo solves DFT models using a judicious combination of automatically generated Markov and Binary Decision Diagram models. Galileo easily handles the complexities exhibited by the benchmark problem. In particular, Galileo is designed to model phased mission <span class="hlt">systems</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890016671','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890016671"><span>Advanced power <span class="hlt">system</span> protection and incipient <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection and protection of spaceborne power <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Russell, B. Don</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>This research concentrated on the application of advanced signal processing, expert <span class="hlt">system</span>, and digital technologies for the detection and control of low grade, incipient <span class="hlt">faults</span> on spaceborne power <span class="hlt">systems</span>. The researchers have considerable experience in the application of advanced digital technologies and the protection of terrestrial power <span class="hlt">systems</span>. This experience was used in the current contracts to develop new approaches for protecting the electrical distribution <span class="hlt">system</span> in spaceborne applications. The project was divided into three distinct areas: (1) investigate the applicability of <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection algorithms developed for terrestrial power <span class="hlt">systems</span> to the detection of <span class="hlt">faults</span> in spaceborne <span class="hlt">systems</span>; (2) investigate the digital hardware and architectures required to monitor and control spaceborne power <span class="hlt">systems</span> with full capability to implement new detection and diagnostic algorithms; and (3) develop a real-time expert operating <span class="hlt">system</span> for implementing diagnostic and protection algorithms. Significant progress has been made in each of the above areas. Several terrestrial <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection algorithms were modified to better adapt to spaceborne power <span class="hlt">system</span> environments. Several digital architectures were developed and evaluated in light of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection algorithms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5023866-observations-extended-tectonic-history-southern-sierra-nevada','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5023866-observations-extended-tectonic-history-southern-sierra-nevada"><span>Observations on the extended tectonic history of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Sierra Nevada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Silver, L.T.</p> <p>1993-04-01</p> <p>The crust of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Sierra Nevada has been the site of repeated major tectonic dislocations in keeping with its Mesozoic-Cenzoic positions near active plate boundaries. The several Mesozoic magmatic arc which invaded it show evidence of pre- and inter-batholithic juxtapositions of different lithospheres as far back as the Jurassic. This has been noted in mapping strontium, neodymium and lead initial ratios and [delta][sup 18]O variations. The Cretaceous arc carries isotopic zonations consistent with a major lithospheric dislocation extending SE from the Melones-Bear Mountain <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> through the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Sierra Nevada into the Mojave desert (restoring the Garlock <span class="hlt">fault</span>). Thismore » is a candidate site for the postulated late Jurassic Mojave-Sonora megashear. During Cretaceous arc evolution major plate changes have taken place at [approximately]104[+-]2 ma and [approximately]80--85 ma. A broad (100( )km) wedge of accreted deepwater sediments and oceanic crust was partly subducted eastward under the Cretaceous arc, producing the Rand, Pelona, Orocopia and Chocolate Mountain schists of <span class="hlt">southern</span> California. The <span class="hlt">southern</span> Sierra Nevada saw the northern part of this event. The underlying subduction zone was not disrupted; arc magmatism was quickly renewed in the northern part of the wedge (Rand Mountains). Eastern underthrusting was accompanied and followed by a succession of major westward-vergent low angle <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the interval 80--60( ) ma with net displacements well in excess of 150 km, and shallow crustal surface rotations in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Sierra Nevada and adjacent regions. The <span class="hlt">southern</span> Sierra Nevada is now clearly detached from its plutonic roots by several generations of low-angle <span class="hlt">faulting</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930022936&hterms=maintenance+roads&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dmaintenance%2Broads','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930022936&hterms=maintenance+roads&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dmaintenance%2Broads"><span>On the design of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant robotic manipulator <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Tesar, Delbert</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>Robotic <span class="hlt">systems</span> are finding increasing use in space applications. Many of these devices are going to be operational on board the Space Station Freedom. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> tolerance has been deemed necessary because of the criticality of the tasks and the inaccessibility of the <span class="hlt">systems</span> to maintenance and repair. Design for <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance in manipulator <span class="hlt">systems</span> is an area within robotics that is without precedence in the literature. In this paper, we will attempt to lay down the foundations for such a technology. Design for <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance demands new and special approaches to design, often at considerable variance from established design practices. These design aspects, together with reliability evaluation and modeling tools, are presented. Mechanical architectures that employ protective redundancies at many levels and have a modular architecture are then studied in detail. Once a mechanical architecture for <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance has been derived, the chronological stages of operational <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance are investigated. Failure detection, isolation, and estimation methods are surveyed, and such methods for robot sensors and actuators are derived. Failure recovery methods are also presented for each of the protective layers of redundancy. Failure recovery tactics often span all of the layers of a control hierarchy. Thus, a unified framework for decision-making and control, which orchestrates both the nominal redundancy management tasks and the failure management tasks, has been derived. The well-developed field of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant computers is studied next, and some design principles relevant to the design of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant robot controllers are abstracted. Conclusions are drawn, and a road map for the design of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant manipulator <span class="hlt">systems</span> is laid out with recommendations for a 10 DOF arm with dual actuators at each joint.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..274a2002Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..274a2002Y"><span>A <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Recognition <span class="hlt">System</span> for Gearboxes of Wind Turbines</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, Zhiling; Huang, Haiyue; Yin, Zidong</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Costs of maintenance and loss of power generation caused by the <span class="hlt">faults</span> of wind turbines gearboxes are the main components of operation costs for a wind farm. Therefore, the technology of condition monitoring and <span class="hlt">fault</span> recognition for wind turbines gearboxes is becoming a hot topic. A condition monitoring and <span class="hlt">fault</span> recognition <span class="hlt">system</span> (CMFRS) is presented for CBM of wind turbines gearboxes in this paper. The vibration signals from acceleration sensors at different locations of gearbox and the data from supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) <span class="hlt">system</span> are collected to CMFRS. Then the feature extraction and optimization algorithm is applied to these operational data. Furthermore, to recognize the <span class="hlt">fault</span> of gearboxes, the GSO-LSSVR algorithm is proposed, combining the least squares support vector regression machine (LSSVR) with the Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) algorithm. Finally, the results show that the <span class="hlt">fault</span> recognition <span class="hlt">system</span> used in this paper has a high rate for identifying three states of wind turbines’ gears; besides, the combination of date features can affect the identifying rate and the selection optimization algorithm presented in this paper can get a pretty good date feature subset for the <span class="hlt">fault</span> recognition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060034363&hterms=QUALITY+SOFTWARE&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3DQUALITY%2BSOFTWARE','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060034363&hterms=QUALITY+SOFTWARE&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3DQUALITY%2BSOFTWARE"><span>Practical Methods for Estimating Software <span class="hlt">Systems</span> <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Content and Location</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Nikora, A.; Schneidewind, N.; Munson, J.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Over the past several years, we have developed techniques to discriminate between <span class="hlt">fault</span>-prone software modules and those that are not, to estimate a software <span class="hlt">system</span>'s residual <span class="hlt">fault</span> content, to identify those portions of a software <span class="hlt">system</span> having the highest estimated number of <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and to estimate the effects of requirements changes on software quality.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70034995','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70034995"><span>The ShakeOut scenario: A hypothetical Mw7.8 earthquake on the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Porter, K.; Jones, L.; Cox, D.; Goltz, J.; Hudnut, K.; Mileti, D.; Perry, S.; Ponti, D.; Reichle, M.; Rose, A.Z.; Scawthorn, C.R.; Seligson, H.A.; Shoaf, K.I.; Treiman, J.; Wein, A.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>In 2008, an earthquake-planning scenario document was released by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and California Geological Survey that hypothesizes the occurrence and effects of a Mw7.8 earthquake on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. It was created by more than 300 scientists and engineers. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> offsets reach 13 m and up to 8 m at lifeline crossings. Physics-based modeling was used to generate maps of shaking intensity, with peak ground velocities of 3 m/sec near the <span class="hlt">fault</span> and exceeding 0.5 m/sec over 10,000 km2. A custom HAZUS??MH analysis and 18 special studies were performed to characterize the effects of the earthquake on the built environment. The scenario posits 1,800 deaths and 53,000 injuries requiring emergency room care. Approximately 1,600 fires are ignited, resulting in the destruction of 200 million square feet of the building stock, the equivalent of 133,000 single-family homes. Fire contributes $87 billion in property and business interruption loss, out of the total $191 billion in economic loss, with most of the rest coming from shakerelated building and content damage ($46 billion) and business interruption loss from water outages ($24 billion). Emergency response activities are depicted in detail, in an innovative grid showing activities versus time, a new format introduced in this study. ?? 2011, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.8073Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.8073Z"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> geometric complexity and how it may cause temporal slip-rate variation within an interacting <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zielke, Olaf; Arrowsmith, Ramon</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>Slip-rates along individual <span class="hlt">faults</span> may differ as a function of measurement time scale. Short-term slip-rates may be higher than the long term rate and vice versa. For example, vertical slip-rates along the Wasatch <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, Utah are 1.7+/-0.5 mm/yr since 6ka, <0.6 mm/yr since 130ka, and 0.5-0.7 mm/yr since 10Ma (Friedrich et al., 2003). Following conventional earthquake recurrence models like the characteristic earthquake model, this observation implies that the driving strain accumulation rates may have changed over the respective time scales as well. While potential explanations for such slip-rate variations may be found for example in the reorganization of plate tectonic motion or mantle flow dynamics, causing changes in the crustal velocity field over long spatial wavelengths, no single geophysical explanation exists. Temporal changes in earthquake rate (i.e., event clustering) due to elastic interactions within a complex <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> may present an alternative explanation that requires neither variations in strain accumulation rate or nor changes in <span class="hlt">fault</span> constitutive behavior for frictional sliding. In the presented study, we explore this scenario and investigate how <span class="hlt">fault</span> geometric complexity, <span class="hlt">fault</span> segmentation and <span class="hlt">fault</span> (segment) interaction affect the seismic behavior and slip-rate along individual <span class="hlt">faults</span> while keeping tectonic stressing-rate and frictional behavior constant in time. For that, we used FIMozFric--a physics-based numerical earthquake simulator, based on Okada's (1992) formulations for internal displacements and strains due to shear and tensile <span class="hlt">faults</span> in a half-space. <span class="hlt">Faults</span> are divided into a large number of equal-sized <span class="hlt">fault</span> patches which communicate via elastic interaction, allowing implementation of geometrically complex, non-planar <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Each patch has assigned a static and dynamic friction coefficient. The difference between those values is a function of depth--corresponding to the temperature-dependence of velocity-weakening that is</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19920063374&hterms=evaluation+framework&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Devaluation%2Bframework','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19920063374&hterms=evaluation+framework&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Devaluation%2Bframework"><span>Probabilistic evaluation of on-line checks in <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant multiprocessor <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Nair, V. S. S.; Hoskote, Yatin V.; Abraham, Jacob A.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>The analysis of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant multiprocessor <span class="hlt">systems</span> that use concurrent error detection (CED) schemes is much more difficult than the analysis of conventional <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant architectures. Various analytical techniques have been proposed to evaluate CED schemes deterministically. However, these approaches are based on worst-case assumptions related to the failure of <span class="hlt">system</span> components. Often, the evaluation results do not reflect the actual <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance capabilities of the <span class="hlt">system</span>. A probabilistic approach to evaluate the <span class="hlt">fault</span> detecting and locating capabilities of on-line checks in a <span class="hlt">system</span> is developed. The various probabilities associated with the checking schemes are identified and used in the framework of the matrix-based model. Based on these probabilistic matrices, estimates for the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance capabilities of various <span class="hlt">systems</span> are derived analytically.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120010425','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120010425"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> Tolerance Middleware for a Multi-Core <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Some, Raphael R.; Springer, Paul L.; Zima, Hans P.; James, Mark; Wagner, David A.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fault</span> Tolerance Middleware (FTM) provides a framework to run on a dedicated core of a multi-core <span class="hlt">system</span> and handles detection of single-event upsets (SEUs), and the responses to those SEUs, occurring in an application running on multiple cores of the processor. This software was written expressly for a multi-core <span class="hlt">system</span> and can support different kinds of <span class="hlt">fault</span> strategies, such as introspection, algorithm-based <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance (ABFT), and triple modular redundancy (TMR). It focuses on providing <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance for the application code, and represents the first step in a plan to eventually include <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance in message passing and the FTM itself. In the multi-core <span class="hlt">system</span>, the FTM resides on a single, dedicated core, separate from the cores used by the application. This is done in order to isolate the FTM from application <span class="hlt">faults</span> and to allow it to swap out any application core for a substitute. The structure of the FTM consists of an interface to a <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant strategy module, a responder module, a <span class="hlt">fault</span> manager module, an error factory, and an error mapper that determines the severity of the error. In the present reference implementation, the only <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant strategy implemented is introspection. The introspection code waits for an application node to send an error notification to it. It then uses the error factory to create an error object, and at this time, a severity level is assigned to the error. The introspection code uses its built-in knowledge base to generate a recommended response to the error. Responses might include ignoring the error, logging it, rolling back the application to a previously saved checkpoint, swapping in a new node to replace a bad one, or restarting the application. The original error and recommended response are passed to the top-level <span class="hlt">fault</span> manager module, which invokes the response. The responder module also notifies the introspection module of the generated response. This provides additional information to the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFM.S53A0179W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFM.S53A0179W"><span>The Relationships Between Earthquakes, <span class="hlt">Faults</span>, and Recent Glacial Fluctuations in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alaska</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wiest, K. R.; Sauber, J. M.; Doser, D. I.; Hurtado, J. M.; Velasco, A. A.</p> <p>2004-12-01</p> <p>In <span class="hlt">southern</span> Alaska, northwestward-directed subduction of the Pacific plate is accompanied by accretion of the Yakutat terrane to continental Alaska. In the tectonically complex region between the transcurrent Fairweather <span class="hlt">fault</span> and the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone, active crustal shortening and strike-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span> occurs. Since a series of large earthquakes in 1899 (Mw = 8.1, Yakataga; Mw=8.1 Yakutat), there has been only one large event (1979 St. Elias Mw = 7.4) in the Yakutat region between the aftershock zones of the 1964 Prince William Sound (Mw = 9.2) and 1958 Fairweather (Mw = 8.2) earthquakes. In this region, the glaciers are extensive and many of them have undergone significant retreat in the last 100 years. This study investigates the relationships between small to moderate magnitude events, ongoing crustal deformation, active geological structures in the region, and recent glacial fluctuations. To map earthquake locations with respect to current glacier positions, we will incorporate Ice Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) data into an updated Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of key glaciated regions that has been created using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images in conjunction with Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data. For the seismological investigation, we focused on relocating events that have occurred since the last large earthquake at St. Elias in 1979 using data obtained from the Alaska Earthquake Information Center (AEIC). P-wave polarity first motion focal mechanisms were generated for the relocated events and evaluated. Our preliminary relocations suggest a dipping slab in cross-section and also show a number of shallow event clusters around local glaciers. The focal mechanisms are quite variable but, in general, indicate strike-slip and oblique-slip focal mechanisms. Some of our highest quality focal mechanisms show dip-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span> and are from shallow events located near glacial</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70019979','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70019979"><span>Seismic interpretation of the deep structure of the Wabash Valley <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Bear, G.W.; Rupp, J.A.; Rudman, A.J.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>Interpretations of newly available seismic reflection profiles near the center of the Illinois Basin indicate that the Wabash Valley <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> is rooted in a series of basement-penetrating <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> is composed predominantly of north-northeast-trending high-angle normal <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The largest <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the <span class="hlt">system</span> bound the 22-km wide 40-km long Grayville Graben. Structure contour maps drawn on the base of the Mount Simon Sandstone (Cambrian <span class="hlt">System</span>) and a deeper pre-Mount Simon horizon show dip-slip displacements totaling at least 600 meters across the New Harmony <span class="hlt">fault</span>. In contrast to previous interpretations, the N-S extent of significant <span class="hlt">fault</span> offsets is restricted to a region north of 38?? latitude and south of 38.35?? latitude. This suggests that the graben is not a NE extension of the structural complex composed of the Rough Creek <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> and the Reelfoot Rift as previously interpreted. Structural complexity on the graben floor also decreases to the south. Structural trends north of 38?? latitude are offset laterally across several large <span class="hlt">faults</span>, indicating strike-slip motions of 2 to 4 km. Some of the major <span class="hlt">faults</span> are interpreted to penetrate to depths of 7 km or more. Correlation of these <span class="hlt">faults</span> with steep potential field gradients suggests that the <span class="hlt">fault</span> positions are controlled by major lithologic contacts within the basement and that the <span class="hlt">faults</span> may extend into the depth range where earthquakes are generated, revealing a potential link between specific <span class="hlt">faults</span> and recently observed low-level seismicity in the area.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910069988&hterms=disabled&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Ddisabled','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910069988&hterms=disabled&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Ddisabled"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> recovery characteristics of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant multi-processor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Padilla, Peter A.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">fault</span> handling performance of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant multiprocessor (FTMP) was investigated. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> handling errors detected during <span class="hlt">fault</span> injection experiments were characterized. In these <span class="hlt">fault</span> injection experiments, the FTMP disabled a working unit instead of the <span class="hlt">faulted</span> unit once every 500 <span class="hlt">faults</span>, on the average. <span class="hlt">System</span> design weaknesses allow active <span class="hlt">faults</span> to exercise a part of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> management software that handles byzantine or lying <span class="hlt">faults</span>. It is pointed out that these weak areas in the FTMP's design increase the probability that, for any hardware <span class="hlt">fault</span>, a good LRU (line replaceable unit) is mistakenly disabled by the <span class="hlt">fault</span> management software. It is concluded that <span class="hlt">fault</span> injection can help detect and analyze the behavior of a <span class="hlt">system</span> in the ultra-reliable regime. Although <span class="hlt">fault</span> injection testing cannot be exhaustive, it has been demonstrated that it provides a unique capability to unmask problems and to characterize the behavior of a <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant <span class="hlt">system</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1857c0004H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1857c0004H"><span>Identification of active <span class="hlt">fault</span> using analysis of derivatives with vertical second based on gravity anomaly data (Case study: Seulimeum <span class="hlt">fault</span> in Sumatera <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hududillah, Teuku Hafid; Simanjuntak, Andrean V. H.; Husni, Muhammad</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Gravity is a non-destructive geophysical technique that has numerous application in engineering and environmental field like locating a <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. The purpose of this study is to spot the Seulimeum <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> in Iejue, Aceh Besar (Indonesia) by using a gravity technique and correlate the result with geologic map and conjointly to grasp a trend pattern of <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. An estimation of subsurface geological structure of Seulimeum <span class="hlt">fault</span> has been done by using gravity field anomaly data. Gravity anomaly data which used in this study is from Topex that is processed up to Free Air Correction. The step in the Next data processing is applying Bouger correction and Terrin Correction to obtain complete Bouger anomaly that is topographically dependent. Subsurface modeling is done using the Gav2DC for windows software. The result showed a low residual gravity value at a north half compared to south a part of study space that indicated a pattern of <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. Gravity residual was successfully correlate with the geologic map that show the existence of the Seulimeum <span class="hlt">fault</span> in this study space. The study of earthquake records can be used for differentiating the active and non active <span class="hlt">fault</span> elements, this gives an indication that the delineated <span class="hlt">fault</span> elements are active.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900017997','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900017997"><span>A diagnosis <span class="hlt">system</span> using object-oriented <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Iverson, David L.; Patterson-Hine, F. A.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>Spaceborne computing <span class="hlt">systems</span> must provide reliable, continuous operation for extended periods. Due to weight, power, and volume constraints, these <span class="hlt">systems</span> must manage resources very effectively. A <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis algorithm is described which enables fast and flexible diagnoses in the dynamic distributed computing environments planned for future space missions. The algorithm uses a knowledge base that is easily changed and updated to reflect current <span class="hlt">system</span> status. Augmented <span class="hlt">fault</span> trees represented in an object-oriented form provide deep <span class="hlt">system</span> knowledge that is easy to access and revise as a <span class="hlt">system</span> changes. Given such a <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree, a set of failure events that have occurred, and a set of failure events that have not occurred, this diagnosis <span class="hlt">system</span> uses forward and backward chaining to propagate causal and temporal information about other failure events in the <span class="hlt">system</span> being diagnosed. Once the <span class="hlt">system</span> has established temporal and causal constraints, it reasons backward from heuristically selected failure events to find a set of basic failure events which are a likely cause of the occurrence of the top failure event in the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree. The diagnosis <span class="hlt">system</span> has been implemented in common LISP using Flavors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.T23C2969K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.T23C2969K"><span>Geomorphological expression of a complex structural region: San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> through the San Gorgonio Pass, <span class="hlt">southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kendrick, K. J.; Matti, J. C.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The San Gorgonio Pass (SGP) region of <span class="hlt">southern</span> California is a locus of extensive Quaternary deformation surrounding a complex section of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (SAF) zone. The geomorphology of the SGP region reflects the complicated history of geologic events in the formation of this structural 'knot'. Critical questions remain in assessing earthquake hazard for this region: What is the likelihood that rupture will propagate through the SGP? If rupture is able to propagate, what pathway will connect the various <span class="hlt">fault</span> strands? To address these questions, we focus on the geology and geomorphology of the SGP region. We have identified <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bounded blocks, and focus on three that are developed within crystalline bedrock: the Yucaipa Ridge block (YRB) block, the Kitching Peak block (KPB), and the Pisgah Peak block (PPB). The latter two blocks are positioned south of the YRB, and partially separated from each other by the San Bernardino strand; this strand cannot be mapped at the surface as an active connection between <span class="hlt">fault</span> strands. Both KPB and PPB are bounded to the south by the San Gorgonio Pass <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone. Morphometric analyses consistently demonstrate distinctions between KPB and PPB, though the bedrock lithologies are the same. Geologic mapping of the region highlights the differences in Quaternary units within the blocks. These geomorphic and geologic distinctions lead to our interpretation that KPB and PPB have experienced markedly different uplift histories that constrain the history of dextral slip on the SAF through SGP. Specifically, although the latest Quaternary geologic setting of SGP raises questions about modern slip transfer through the Pass, the contrasting uplift histories of KPB and PPB strongly suggest that earlier in Quaternary time SGP was not a barrier to slip transfer between the Coachella Valley to the SE and the San Bernardino Basin to the NW.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA....13604B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA....13604B"><span>A Wrench <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> and nappe emplacement in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Kenya and Northern Tanzania.- A key area for Pan-African continental collision in East Africa?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bauernhofer, A.; Wallbrecher, E.; Hauzenberger, C.; Fritz, H.; Loizenbauer, J.; Hoinkes, G.; Muhongo, S.; Mathu, E.</p> <p>2003-04-01</p> <p>In the Voi Area of <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Kenya, the granulite facies rocks of the Taita Hills and the Tsavo East National Park (Galana River) can be divided into three structural domains: The Galana-East unit consists of an intercalation of flat lying metapelites and marbles of continental margin origin. These metasediments can be traced further east to the Umba Steppe (Between Mombasa and Tanga). Galana-West consists of a N-S oriented wrench <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone with vertical foliation planes and horizontal stretching lineation. Numerous shear sense indicators always show sinistral shear sense. Amphibolites of MORB affinity are involved in this wrench <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. To the west, this zone is bordered by calc-alkaline metatonalites of the Sagala Hills. The westernmost unit consists of the Taita Hills. They form an imbricated pile of southwestward thrusted nappe sheets containing metapelites, marbles, and ultramafics. The Taita Hills may be explained as part of an accretionary wedge. Southwestward nappe thrusting is also the prominent structure in the Pare and Usambara Mountains of Northern Tanzania. The following model may may explain these observations: The <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Kenya -- Northern Tanzania section of the Mozambique Belt is the result of continental collision tectonics. Remnants of an island arc and of an accretionary wedge that occur at least in the Voi area may be part of a former subduction zone. An oceanic domain between an eastern passive continental margin and a western terrane, now represented by the Tanzanian granulite belt has been closed incorporating island arc and accretionary wedge material. Oblique convergence of two continental blocks is suggested from wrench tectonics. The age of convergent tectonics is 530 -- 580 Ma, dated by Sm-Nd garnet-whole rock analysis. This is interpreted as the age of peak metamorphism.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19850027329','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19850027329"><span>Study of <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant software technology for dynamic <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Caglayan, A. K.; Zacharias, G. L.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>The major aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using <span class="hlt">systems</span>-based failure detection isolation and compensation (FDIC) techniques in building <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant software and extending them, whenever possible, to the domain of software <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance. First, it is shown that <span class="hlt">systems</span>-based FDIC methods can be extended to develop software error detection techniques by using <span class="hlt">system</span> models for software modules. In particular, it is demonstrated that <span class="hlt">systems</span>-based FDIC techniques can yield consistency checks that are easier to implement than acceptance tests based on software specifications. Next, it is shown that <span class="hlt">systems</span>-based failure compensation techniques can be generalized to the domain of software <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance in developing software error recovery procedures. Finally, the feasibility of using <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant software in flight software is investigated. In particular, possible <span class="hlt">system</span> and version instabilities, and functional performance degradation that may occur in N-Version programming applications to flight software are illustrated. Finally, a comparative analysis of N-Version and recovery block techniques in the context of generic blocks in flight software is presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.T41A2870J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.T41A2870J"><span>Character and Implications of a Newly Identified Creeping Strand of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> NE of Salton Sea, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Janecke, S. U.; Markowski, D.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The overdue earthquake on the Coachella section, San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> (SAF), the model ShakeOut earthquake, and the conflict between cross-<span class="hlt">fault</span> models involving the Extra <span class="hlt">fault</span> array and mapped shortening in the Durmid Hill area motivate new analyses at the <span class="hlt">southern</span> SAF tip. Geologic mapping, LiDAR, seismic reflection, magnetic and gravity datasets, and aerial photography confirm the existence of the East Shoreline strand (ESS) of the SAF southwest of the main trace of the SAF. We mapped the 15 km long ESS, in a band northeast side of the Salton Sea. Other data suggest that the ESS continues N to the latitude of the Mecca Hills, and is >35 km long. The ESS cuts and folds upper Holocene beds and appears to creep, based on discovery of large NW-striking cracks in modern beach deposits. The two traces of the SAF are parallel and ~0.5 to ~2.5 km apart. Groups of east, SE, and ENE-striking strike-slip cross-<span class="hlt">faults</span> connect the master dextral <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the SAF. There are few sinistral-normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> that could be part of the Extra <span class="hlt">fault</span> array. The 1-km wide ESS contains short, discontinuous traces of NW-striking dextral-oblique <span class="hlt">faults</span>. These en-echelon <span class="hlt">faults</span> bound steeply dipping Pleistocene beds, cut out section, parallel tight NW-trending folds, and produced growth folds. Beds commonly dip toward the ESS on both sides, in accord with persistent NE-SW shortening across the ESS. The dispersed <span class="hlt">fault</span>-fold structural style of the ESS is due to decollements in <span class="hlt">faulted</span> mud-rich Pliocene to Holocene sediment and ramps and flats along the strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span>. A sheared ladder-like geometric model of the two master dextral strands of the SAF and their intervening cross-<span class="hlt">faults</span>, best explains the field relationships and geophysical datasets. Contraction across >40 km2 of the southernmost SAF zone in the Durmid Hills suggest that interaction of active structures in the SAF zone may inhibit the nucleation of large earthquakes in this region. The ESS may cross the northern Coachella</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70170237','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70170237"><span>New cooperative seismograph networks established in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Hill, D.P.</p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Southern</span> California has more active <span class="hlt">faults</span> located close to large, urban population centers than any other region in the United States. Reduction of risk to life and property posed by potential earthquakes along these active <span class="hlt">faults</span> is a primary motivation for a cooperative earthquake research program between the U.S Geological Survey and major universities in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California. </p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009E%26PSL.284...94N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009E%26PSL.284...94N"><span><span class="hlt">Faulting</span> and hydration of the Juan de Fuca plate <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nedimović, Mladen R.; Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R.; Carbotte, Suzanne M.; Pablo Canales, J.; Dziak, Robert P.</p> <p>2009-06-01</p> <p>Multichannel seismic observations provide the first direct images of crustal scale normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> within the Juan de Fuca plate <span class="hlt">system</span> and indicate that brittle deformation extends up to ~ 200 km seaward of the Cascadia trench. Within the sedimentary layering steeply dipping <span class="hlt">faults</span> are identified by stratigraphic offsets, with maximum throws of 110 ± 10 m found near the trench. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> throws diminish both upsection and seaward from the trench. Long-term throw rates are estimated to be 13 ± 2 mm/kyr. <span class="hlt">Faulted</span> offsets within the sedimentary layering are typically linked to larger offset scarps in the basement topography, suggesting reactivation of the normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> formed at the spreading center. Imaged reflections within the gabbroic igneous crust indicate swallowing <span class="hlt">fault</span> dips at depth. These reflections require local alteration to produce an impedance contrast, indicating that the imaged <span class="hlt">fault</span> structures provide pathways for fluid transport and hydration. As the depth extent of imaged <span class="hlt">faulting</span> within this young and sediment insulated oceanic plate is primarily limited to approximately Moho depths, <span class="hlt">fault</span>-controlled hydration appears to be largely restricted to crustal levels. If dehydration embrittlement is an important mechanism for triggering intermediate-depth earthquakes within the subducting slab, then the limited occurrence rate and magnitude of intraslab seismicity at the Cascadia margin may in part be explained by the limited amount of water imbedded into the uppermost oceanic mantle prior to subduction. The distribution of submarine earthquakes within the Juan de Fuca plate <span class="hlt">system</span> indicates that propagator wake areas are likely to be more <span class="hlt">faulted</span> and therefore more hydrated than other parts of this plate <span class="hlt">system</span>. However, being largely restricted to crustal levels, this localized increase in hydration generally does not appear to have a measurable effect on the intraslab seismicity along most of the subducted propagator wakes at the Cascadia margin.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060051813&hterms=flight+control+system&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dflight%2Bcontrol%2Bsystem','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060051813&hterms=flight+control+system&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dflight%2Bcontrol%2Bsystem"><span>In-flight <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Detection and Isolation in Aircraft Flight Control <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Azam, Mohammad; Pattipati, Krishna; Allanach, Jeffrey; Poll, Scott; Patterson-Hine, Ann</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>In this paper we consider the problem of test design for real-time <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection and isolation (FDI) in the flight control <span class="hlt">system</span> of fixed-wing aircraft. We focus on the <span class="hlt">faults</span> that are manifested in the control surface elements (e.g., aileron, elevator, rudder and stabilizer) of an aircraft. For demonstration purposes, we restrict our focus on the <span class="hlt">faults</span> belonging to nine basic <span class="hlt">fault</span> classes. The diagnostic tests are performed on the features extracted from fifty monitored <span class="hlt">system</span> parameters. The proposed tests are able to uniquely isolate each of the <span class="hlt">faults</span> at almost all severity levels. A neural network-based flight control simulator, FLTZ(Registered TradeMark), is used for the simulation of various <span class="hlt">faults</span> in fixed-wing aircraft flight control <span class="hlt">systems</span> for the purpose of FDI.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70026294','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70026294"><span>The susitna glacier thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span>: Characteristics of surface ruptures on the <span class="hlt">fault</span> that initiated the 2002 denali <span class="hlt">fault</span> earthquake</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Crone, A.J.; Personius, S.F.; Craw, P.A.; Haeussler, P.J.; Staft, L.A.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>The 3 November 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali <span class="hlt">fault</span> earthquake sequence initiated on the newly discovered Susitna Glacier thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span> and caused 48 km of surface rupture. Rupture of the Susitna Glacier <span class="hlt">fault</span> generated scarps on ice of the Susitna and West Fork glaciers and on tundra and surficial deposits along the <span class="hlt">southern</span> front of the central Alaska Range. Based on detailed mapping, 27 topographic profiles, and field observations, we document the characteristics and slip distribution of the 2002 ruptures and describe evidence of pre-2002 ruptures on the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The 2002 surface <span class="hlt">faulting</span> produced structures that range from simple folds on a single trace to complex thrust-<span class="hlt">fault</span> ruptures and pressure ridges on multiple, sinuous strands. The deformation zone is locally more than 1 km wide. We measured a maximum vertical displacement of 5.4 m on the south-directed main thrust. North-directed backthrusts have more than 4 m of surface offset. We measured a well-constrained near-surface <span class="hlt">fault</span> dip of about 19?? at one site, which is considerably less than seismologically determined values of 35??-48??. Surface-rupture data yield an estimated magnitude of Mw 7.3 for the <span class="hlt">fault</span>, which is similar to the seismological value of Mw 7.2. Comparison of field and seismological data suggest that the Susitna Glacier <span class="hlt">fault</span> is part of a large positive flower structure associated with northwest-directed transpressive deformation on the Denali <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Prehistoric scarps are evidence of previous rupture of the Sustina Glacier <span class="hlt">fault</span>, but additional work is needed to determine if past failures of the Susitna Glacier <span class="hlt">fault</span> have consistently induced rupture of the Denali <span class="hlt">fault</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70019787','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70019787"><span>Geophysical setting of the Wabash Valley <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Hildenbrand, T.G.; Ravat, D.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>Interpretation of existing regional magnetic and gravity data and new local high-resolution aeromagnetic data provides new insights on the tectonic history and structural development of the Wabash Valley <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> in Illinois and Indiana. Enhancement of short-wavelength magnetic anomalies reveal numerous NW- to NNE-trending ultramafic dikes and six intrusive complexes (including those at Hicks Dome and Omaha Dome). Inversion models indicate that the interpreted dikes are narrow (???3 m), lie at shallow depths (500 km long and generally >50 km wide) and with deep basins (locally >3 km thick), the ancestral Wabash Valley <span class="hlt">faults</span> express, in comparison, minor tectonic structures and probably do not represent a failed rift arm. There is a lack of any obvious relation between the Wabash Valley <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> and the epicenters of historic and prehistoric earthquakes. Five prehistoric earthquakes lie conspicuously near structures associated with the Commerce geophysical lineament, a NE-trending magnetic and gravity lineament lying oblique to the Wabash Valley <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> and possibly extending over 600 km from NE Arkansas to central Indiana.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..322g2056C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..322g2056C"><span>A <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation method based on the incidence matrix of an augmented <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Changxiong; Chen, Liping; Ding, Jianwan; Wu, Yizhong</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>A new approach is proposed for isolating <span class="hlt">faults</span> and fast identifying the redundant sensors of a <span class="hlt">system</span> in this paper. By introducing <span class="hlt">fault</span> signal as additional state variable, an augmented <span class="hlt">system</span> model is constructed by the original <span class="hlt">system</span> model, <span class="hlt">fault</span> signals and sensor measurement equations. The structural properties of an augmented <span class="hlt">system</span> model are provided in this paper. From the viewpoint of evaluating <span class="hlt">fault</span> variables, the calculating correlations of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> variables in the <span class="hlt">system</span> can be found, which imply the <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation properties of the <span class="hlt">system</span>. Compared with previous isolation approaches, the highlights of the new approach are that it can quickly find the <span class="hlt">faults</span> which can be isolated using exclusive residuals, at the same time, and can identify the redundant sensors in the <span class="hlt">system</span>, which are useful for the design of diagnosis <span class="hlt">system</span>. The simulation of a four-tank <span class="hlt">system</span> is reported to validate the proposed method.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMED11D0143B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMED11D0143B"><span>Constraining Basin Depth and <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Displacement in the Malombe Basin Using Potential Field Methods</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Beresh, S. C. M.; Elifritz, E. A.; Méndez, K.; Johnson, S.; Mynatt, W. G.; Mayle, M.; Atekwana, E. A.; Laó-Dávila, D. A.; Chindandali, P. R. N.; Chisenga, C.; Gondwe, S.; Mkumbwa, M.; Kalaguluka, D.; Kalindekafe, L.; Salima, J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The Malombe Basin is part of the Malawi Rift which forms the <span class="hlt">southern</span> part of the Western Branch of the East African Rift <span class="hlt">System</span>. At its <span class="hlt">southern</span> end, the Malawi Rift bifurcates into the Bilila-Mtakataka and Chirobwe-Ntcheu <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> and the Lake Malombe Rift Basin around the Shire Horst, a competent block under the Nankumba Peninsula. The Malombe Basin is approximately 70km from north to south and 35km at its widest point from east to west, bounded by reversing-polarity border <span class="hlt">faults</span>. We aim to constrain the depth of the basin to better understand displacement of each border <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Our work utilizes two east-west gravity profiles across the basin coupled with Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) derived from a high-resolution aeromagnetic survey. The first gravity profile was done across the northern portion of the basin and the second across the <span class="hlt">southern</span> portion. Gravity and magnetic data will be used to constrain basement depths and the thickness of the sedimentary cover. Additionally, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data is used to understand the topographic expression of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarps. Estimates for minimum displacement of the border <span class="hlt">faults</span> on either side of the basin were made by adding the elevation of the scarps to the deepest SPI basement estimates at the basin borders. Our preliminary results using SPI and SRTM data show a minimum displacement of approximately 1.3km for the western border <span class="hlt">fault</span>; the minimum displacement for the eastern border <span class="hlt">fault</span> is 740m. However, SPI merely shows the depth to the first significantly magnetic layer in the subsurface, which may or may not be the actual basement layer. Gravimetric readings are based on subsurface density and thus circumvent issues arising from magnetic layers located above the basement; therefore expected results for our work will be to constrain more accurate basin depth by integrating the gravity profiles. Through more accurate basement depth estimates we also gain more accurate displacement</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040030573','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040030573"><span>Glacier Ice Mass Fluctuations and <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Instability in Tectonically Active <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alaska</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>SauberRosenberg, Jeanne M.; Molnia, Bruce F.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Across <span class="hlt">southern</span> Alaska the northwest directed subduction of the Pacific plate is accompanied by accretion of the Yakutat terrane to continental Alaska. This has led to high tectonic strain rates and dramatic topographic relief of more than 5000 meters within 15 km of the Gulf of Alaska coast. The glaciers of this area are extensive and include large glaciers undergoing wastage (glacier retreat and thinning) and surges. The large glacier ice mass changes perturb the tectonic rate of deformation at a variety of temporal and spatial scales. We estimated surface displacements and stresses associated with ice mass fluctuations and tectonic loading by examining GPS geodetic observations and numerical model predictions. Although the glacial fluctuations perturb the tectonic stress field, especially at shallow depths, the largest contribution to ongoing crustal deformation is horizontal tectonic strain due to plate convergence. Tectonic forces are thus the primary force responsible for major earthquakes. However, for geodetic sites located < 10-20 km from major ice mass fluctuations, the changes of the solid Earth due to ice loading and unloading are an important aspect of interpreting geodetic results. The ice changes associated with Bering Glacier s most recent surge cycle are large enough to cause discernible surface displacements. Additionally, ice mass fluctuations associated with the surge cycle can modify the short-term seismicity rates in a local region. For the thrust <span class="hlt">faulting</span> environment of the study region a large decrease in ice load may cause an increase in seismic rate in a region close to failure whereas ice loading may inhibit thrust <span class="hlt">faulting</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080004121','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080004121"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span>-tolerant processing <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Palumbo, Daniel L. (Inventor)</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant, fiber optic interconnect, or backplane, which serves as a via for data transfer between modules. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> tolerance algorithms are embedded in the backplane by dividing the backplane into a read bus and a write bus and placing a redundancy management unit (RMU) between the read bus and the write bus so that all data transmitted by the write bus is subjected to the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance algorithms before the data is passed for distribution to the read bus. The RMU provides both backplane control and <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031369','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031369"><span>A record of large earthquakes on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span> for the past 1800 years</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Lienkaemper, J.J.; Williams, P.L.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>This is the second article presenting evidence of the occurrence and timing of paleoearthquakes on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span> as interpreted from trenches excavated within a sag pond at the Tyson's Lagoon site in Fremont, California. We use the information to estimate the mean value and aperiodicity of the <span class="hlt">fault</span>'s recurrence interval (RI): two fundamental parameters for estimation of regional seismic hazard. An earlier article documented the four most recent earthquakes, including the historic 1868 earthquake. In this article we present evidence for at least seven earlier paleoruptures since about A.D. 170. We document these events with evidence for ground rupture, such as the presence of blocky colluvium at the base of the main trace <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarp, and by corroborating evidence such as simultaneous liquefaction or an increase in deformation immediately below event horizons. The mean RI is 170 ?? 82 yr (1??, standard deviation of the sample), aperiodicity is 0.48, and individual intervals may be expected to range from 30 to 370 yr (95.4% confidence). The mean RI is consistent with the recurrence model of the Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (2003) (mean, 161 yr; range, 99 yr [2.5%]; 283 yr [97.5%]). We note that the mean RI for the five most recent events may have been only 138 ?? 58 yr (1??). Hypothesis tests for the shorter RI do not demonstrate that any recent acceleration has occurred compared to the earlier period or the entire 1800-yr record, principally because of inherent uncertainties of the event ages.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeoRL..43.8399F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeoRL..43.8399F"><span>InSAR observations of strain accumulation and <span class="hlt">fault</span> creep along the Chaman <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, Pakistan and Afghanistan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fattahi, Heresh; Amelung, Falk</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>We use 2004-2011 Envisat synthetic aperture radar imagery and InSAR time series methods to estimate the contemporary rates of strain accumulation in the Chaman <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> in Pakistan and Afghanistan. At 29 N we find long-term slip rates of 16 ± 2.3 mm/yr for the Ghazaband <span class="hlt">Fault</span> and of 8 ± 3.1 mm/yr for the Chaman <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. This makes the Ghazaband <span class="hlt">Fault</span> one of the most hazardous <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the plate boundary zone. We further identify a 340 km long segment displaying aseismic surface creep along the Chaman <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, with maximum surface creep rate of 8.1 ± 2 mm/yr. The observation that the Chaman <span class="hlt">Fault</span> accommodates only 30% of the relative plate motion between India and Eurasia implies that the remainder is accommodated south and east of the Katawaz block microplate.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.T51D1565R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.T51D1565R"><span>Thrust Belt Architecture of the Central and <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Western Foothills of Taiwan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rodriguez, F.; Wiltschko, D.</p> <p>2006-12-01</p> <p>A structural model of the central and <span class="hlt">southern</span> Western Foothills Fold and Thrust Belt (WFFTB) was constructed from serial balanced cross sections using available surface, drill, seismic and thermochronologic data. The WFFTB is composed of four main thrust sheets with minor splays. On the east, the Tulungwan <span class="hlt">fault</span>, which separates the sedimentary rocks of the WFFTB from the low grade meta-sediments of the Slate Belt, evolves from a basement cored fold in the north (around 24°10' N) where the conformable contact between foothills sediments and meta-sediments from the Slate Belt on its western flank is present. At this point the tip of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> is below the unconformity and the displacement amount is small. To the south this <span class="hlt">fault</span> breaks the back limb of the fold and gains displacement, and continues gaining displacement to the south. The next thrust sheet to the west includes the Schuantung, Fenghuangchan, Luku, Tatou, Hopiya, and Pingchi <span class="hlt">faults</span>. This <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> is interpreted as characterized by a long flat with small ramps along a Miocene detachment, not a series of imbricates, as it has been interpreted before. The next thrust sheet to the west is the Chulungupu-Chukou-Lunhou, this <span class="hlt">system</span> appears to gain displacement to the south as the Schuantung <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> decreases in amount of displacement. The Chulungpu-Chukou-Lunhou <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> contains a wide monocline in the central foothills related with the Chulungpu <span class="hlt">fault</span> and two wide synclines in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> part, the Yuching and Tinpligling synclines. Modeling of these two last structures shows that both are uplifted with respect to the regional level above a wide and flat feature; the footwall of the Lunhou <span class="hlt">fault</span> is a monocline. A geometric solution to lift the Lunhou <span class="hlt">system</span> involves a major <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bend-fold anticline with a long ramp and a detachment at ~13 km of depth. It explains, 1) the frontal monocline, which is the from limb of this <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bend- fold, 2) the minor structures associated with minor back</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IJBC...2550042K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IJBC...2550042K"><span>Study on Unified Chaotic <span class="hlt">System</span>-Based Wind Turbine Blade <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Diagnostic <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kuo, Ying-Che; Hsieh, Chin-Tsung; Yau, Her-Terng; Li, Yu-Chung</p> <p></p> <p>At present, vibration signals are processed and analyzed mostly in the frequency domain. The spectrum clearly shows the signal structure and the specific characteristic frequency band is analyzed, but the number of calculations required is huge, resulting in delays. Therefore, this study uses the characteristics of a nonlinear <span class="hlt">system</span> to load the complete vibration signal to the unified chaotic <span class="hlt">system</span>, applying the dynamic error to analyze the wind turbine vibration signal, and adopting extenics theory for artificial intelligent <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis of the analysis signal. Hence, a <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnostor has been developed for wind turbine rotating blades. This study simulates three wind turbine blade states, namely stress rupture, screw loosening and blade loss, and validates the methods. The experimental results prove that the unified chaotic <span class="hlt">system</span> used in this paper has a significant effect on vibration signal analysis. Thus, the operating conditions of wind turbines can be quickly known from this <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnostic <span class="hlt">system</span>, and the maintenance schedule can be arranged before the <span class="hlt">faults</span> worsen, making the management and implementation of wind turbines smoother, so as to reduce many unnecessary costs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19960002911','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19960002911"><span>A PC based <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis expert <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Marsh, Christopher A.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>The Integrated Status Assessment (ISA) prototype expert <span class="hlt">system</span> performs <span class="hlt">system</span> level <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis using rules and models created by the user. The ISA evolved from concepts to a stand-alone demonstration prototype using OPS5 on a LISP Machine. The LISP based prototype was rewritten in C and the C Language Integrated Production <span class="hlt">System</span> (CLIPS) to run on a Personal Computer (PC) and a graphics workstation. The ISA prototype has been used to demonstrate <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis functions of Space Station Freedom's Operation Management <span class="hlt">System</span> (OMS). This paper describes the development of the ISA prototype from early concepts to the current PC/workstation version used today and describes future areas of development for the prototype.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70188384','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70188384"><span>Large-scale splay <span class="hlt">faults</span> on a strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>: The Yakima Folds, Washington State</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Pratt, Thomas L.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The Yakima Folds (YF) comprise anticlines above reverse <span class="hlt">faults</span> cutting flows of the Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group of central Washington State. The YF are bisected by the ~1100-km-long Olympic-Wallowa Lineament (OWL), which is an alignment of topographic features including known <span class="hlt">faults</span>. There is considerable debate about the origin and earthquake potential of both the YF and OWL, which lie near six major dams and a large nuclear waste storage site. Here I show that the trends of the <span class="hlt">faults</span> forming the YF relative to the OWL match remarkably well the trends of the principal stress directions at the end of a vertical strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span>. This comparison and the termination of some YF against the OWL are consistent with the YF initially forming as splay <span class="hlt">faults</span> caused by an along-strike decrease in the amount of strike-slip on the OWL. The hypothesis is that the YF <span class="hlt">faults</span> initially developed as splay <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the early to mid Miocene under NNW-oriented principal compressive stress, but the anticlines subsequently grew with thrust motion after the principal compressive stress direction rotated to N-S or NNE after the mid-Miocene. A seismic profile across one of the YF anticlines shows folding at about 7 km depth, indicating deformation of sub-basalt strata. The seismic profile and the hypothesized relationship between the YF and the OWL suggest that the structures are connected in the middle or lower crust, and that the <span class="hlt">faults</span> forming the YF are large-scale splay <span class="hlt">faults</span> associated with a major strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.8960T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.8960T"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span>Lab: Results on the crustal structure of the North Anatolian <span class="hlt">Fault</span> from a dense seismic network</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Thompson, David; Rost, Sebastian; Houseman, Greg; Cornwell, David; Türkelli, Niyazi; Uǧur, Teoman, Kahraman, Metin; Altuncu Poyraz, Selda; Gülen, Levent; Utkucu, Murat; Frederiksen, Andrew</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>The North Anatolian <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone (NAFZ) is a major continental strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, similar in size and scale to the San Andreas <span class="hlt">system</span>, that extends ~1200 km across Turkey from the Aegean coast on the west to the Lake Van region in the east. <span class="hlt">Fault</span>Lab is a multidisciplinary project that aims to better understand deformation throughout the entire crust in the NAFZ, in particular the expected transition from narrow zones of brittle deformation in the upper crust to broad shear zones in the lower crust/upper mantle and how these features contribute to the earthquake loading cycle. The project incorporates broadband seismology, satellite geodesy, structural geology and numerical modelling in order to give an unprecedented view of the dynamic state of the NAFZ in the vicinity of the devastating 1999 Izmit and Düzce earthquakes. This contribution will discuss the first results from the seismic component of the project, a 73 station network encompassing the northern and <span class="hlt">southern</span> branches of the NAFZ in the Sakarya region. Deployed in May 2012, the Dense Array for North Anatolia (DANA) is arranged as a 6×11 grid with a nominal station spacing of 7 km, with a further 7 stations located outside of the grid. Receiver function analysis will provide estimates of bulk crustal properties, along with information regarding heterogeneity at depth (dipping interfaces/anisotropy). With the excellent resolution afforded by the DANA network, we will present results using the technique of teleseismic scattering tomography. The method uses a full waveform inversion of teleseismic signals coupled with array processing techniques to infer the properties and location of small-scale heterogeneities (with scales on the order of the seismic wavelength) within the crust. Images obtained using these methods will provide evidence for how the deformation is distributed within the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone at depth, providing constraints that can be used in conjunction with structural analyses of exhumed</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70135097','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70135097"><span>Quaternary landscape development, alluvial fan chronology and erosion of the Mecca Hills at the <span class="hlt">southern</span> end of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> zone</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Gray, Harrison J.; Owen, Lewis A.; Dietsch, Craig; Beck, Richard A.; Caffee, Marc A.; Finkelman, Robert B.; Mahan, Shannon</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Quantitative geomorphic analysis combined with cosmogenic nuclide 10Be-based geochronology and denudation rates have been used to further the understanding of the Quaternary landscape development of the Mecca Hills, a zone of transpressional uplift along the <span class="hlt">southern</span> end of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California. The similar timing of convergent uplifts along the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> with the initiation of the sub-parallel San Jacinto <span class="hlt">Fault</span> suggest a possible link between the two tectonic events. The ages of alluvial fans and the rates of catchment-wide denudation have been integrated to assess the relative influence of climate and tectonic uplift on the development of catchments within the Mecca Hills. Ages for major geomorphic surfaces based on 10Be surface exposure dating of boulders and 10Be depth profiles define the timing of surface stabilization to 2.6 +5.6/–1.3 ka (Qyf1 surface), 67.2 ± 5.3 ka (Qvof2 surface), and 280 ± 24 ka (Qvof1 surface). Comparison of 10Be measurements from active channel deposits (Qac) and fluvial terraces (Qt) illustrate a complex history of erosion, sediment storage, and sediment transport in this environment. Beryllium-10 catchment-wide denudation rates range from 19.9 ± 3.2 to 149 ± 22.5 m/Ma and demonstrate strong correlations with mean catchment slope and with total active <span class="hlt">fault</span> length normalized by catchment area. The lack of strong correlation with other geomorphic variables suggests that tectonic uplift and rock weakening have the greatest control. The currently measured topography and denudation rates across the Mecca Hills may be most consistent with a model of radial topographic growth in contrast to a model based on the rapid uplift and advection of crust.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.T13C2214R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.T13C2214R"><span>'Extra-regional' strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> in Chile and Alaska: the North Pacific Rim orogenic Stream vs. Beck's Buttress</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Redfield, T. F.; Scholl, D. W.; Fitzgerald, P. G.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>The ~2000 km long Denali <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> (DFS) of Alaska is an example of an extra-regional strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> that terminates in a zone of widely-distributed deformation. The ~1200 km long Liquiñe-Ofqui <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone (LOFZ) of Patagonia (<span class="hlt">southern</span> Chile) is another. Both <span class="hlt">systems</span> are active, having undergone large-magnitude seismic rupture is 2002 (DFS) and 2007 (LOFZ). Both <span class="hlt">systems</span> appear to be long-lived: the DFS juxtaposes terranes that docked in at least early Tertiary time, whilst the central LOFZ appears to also record early Tertiary or Mesozoic deformation. Both <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> comprise a relatively well-defined central zone where individual <span class="hlt">fault</span> traces can be identified from topographic features or zones of deformed rock. In both cases the proximal and distal traces are much more diffuse tributary and distributary <span class="hlt">systems</span> of individual, branching <span class="hlt">fault</span> traces. However, since their inception the DFS and LOFZ have followed very different evolutionary paths. Copious Alaskan paleomagnetic data are consistent with vertical axis small block rotation, long-distance latitudinal translation, and a recently-postulated tectonic extrusion towards a distributary of subordinate <span class="hlt">faults</span> that branch outward towards the Aleution subduction zone (the North Pacific Rim orogenic Stream; see Redfield et al., 2007). Paleomagnetic data from the LOFZ region are consistent with small block rotation but preclude statistically-significant latitudinal transport. Limited field data from the southernmost LOFZ suggest that high-angle normal and reverse <span class="hlt">faults</span> dominate over oblique to strike-slip structures. Rather than the high-angle oblique 'slivering regime' of the southeasternmost DFS, the initiation of the LOFZ appears to occur across a 50 to 100 km wide zone of brittly-deformed granitic and gneissic rock characterized by bulk compression and vertical pathways of exhumation. In both cases, relative plate motions are consistent with the hypothetical style, and degree, of offset, leading</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T33E..01B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T33E..01B"><span>High-angle <span class="hlt">faults</span> control the geometry and morphology of the Corinth Rift</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bell, R. E.; Duclaux, G.; Nixon, C.; Gawthorpe, R.; McNeill, L. C.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Slip along low-angle normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> is mechanically difficult, and the existence of low angle detachment <span class="hlt">faults</span> presents one of most important paradoxes in structural geology. Only a few examples of young continental rifts where low-angle <span class="hlt">faults</span> may be a mechanism for accommodating strain have been described in the literature, and an important example is the Gulf of Corinth, central Greece. Here, microseismicity, the geometry of onshore <span class="hlt">faults</span> and deep seismic reflection images have been used to argue for the presence of <30o dipping <span class="hlt">faults</span>. However, new and reinterpreted data calls into question whether low-angle <span class="hlt">faults</span> have been influential in controlling rift geometry. We seek to definitively test whether slip on a mature low-angle normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> can reproduce the long-term geometry and morphology of the Corinth Rift, which involves i) significant uplift of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> margin, ii) long-term uplift to subsidence ratios across south coast <span class="hlt">faults</span> of 1 -2, and iii) a northern margin that does not undergo significant long-term uplift. We use PyLith, an open-source finite-element code for quasi-static viscoelastic simulations of crustal deformation and model the uplift and subsidence fields associated with the following <span class="hlt">fault</span> geometries: i) planar <span class="hlt">faults</span> with dips of 45-60° that sole onto a 10° detachment at a depth of 6 to 8 km, ii) 45-60° <span class="hlt">faults</span>, which change to a dip angle of 25-45° at a depth of 3 km and continue to a brittle-ductile transition at 10 km and iii) planar <span class="hlt">faults</span> which dip 45-60° to the brittle-ductile transition at a depth of 10 km. We show that models involving low-angle detachments, shallower than 8 km produce very minor coseismic uplift of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> margin and post-seismic relaxation results in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> margin experiencing net subsidence over many seismic cycles, incompatible with geological observations. Models involving planar <span class="hlt">faults</span> produce long-term displacement fields involving uplifted <span class="hlt">southern</span> margin with uplift to subsidence</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JEE....66...42P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JEE....66...42P"><span>Use of Fuzzy Logic <span class="hlt">Systems</span> for Assessment of Primary <span class="hlt">Faults</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Petrović, Ivica; Jozsa, Lajos; Baus, Zoran</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>In electric power <span class="hlt">systems</span>, grid elements are often subjected to very complex and demanding disturbances or dangerous operating conditions. Determining initial <span class="hlt">fault</span> or cause of those states is a difficult task. When <span class="hlt">fault</span> occurs, often it is an imperative to disconnect affected grid element from the grid. This paper contains an overview of possibilities for using fuzzy logic in an assessment of primary <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the transmission grid. The tool for this task is SCADA <span class="hlt">system</span>, which is based on information of currents, voltages, events of protection devices and status of circuit breakers in the grid. The function model described with the membership function and fuzzy logic <span class="hlt">systems</span> will be presented in the paper. For input data, diagnostics <span class="hlt">system</span> uses information of protection devices tripping, states of circuit breakers and measurements of currents and voltages before and after <span class="hlt">faults</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19840027230&hterms=microprocessor&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dmicroprocessor','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19840027230&hterms=microprocessor&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dmicroprocessor"><span>Distributed asynchronous microprocessor architectures in <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant integrated flight <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Dunn, W. R.</p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p>The paper discusses the implementation of <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant digital flight control and navigation <span class="hlt">systems</span> for rotorcraft application. It is shown that in implementing <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance at the <span class="hlt">systems</span> level using advanced LSI/VLSI technology, aircraft physical layout and flight <span class="hlt">systems</span> requirements tend to define a <span class="hlt">system</span> architecture of distributed, asynchronous microprocessors in which <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance can be achieved locally through hardware redundancy and/or globally through application of analytical redundancy. The effects of asynchronism on the execution of dynamic flight software is discussed. It is shown that if the asynchronous microprocessors have knowledge of time, these errors can be significantly reduced through appropiate modifications of the flight software. Finally, the papear extends previous work to show that through the combined use of time referencing and stable flight algorithms, individual microprocessors can be configured to autonomously tolerate intermittent <span class="hlt">faults</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T31E2958X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T31E2958X"><span>Is the Vincent <span class="hlt">fault</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California the Laramide subduction zone megathrust?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xia, H.; Platt, J. P.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The Vincent <span class="hlt">fault</span> (VF) in the San Gabriel Mountains, <span class="hlt">southern</span> California separates a Meso-Proterozoic gneiss complex and Mesozoic granitoid rocks in the upper plate from the ocean-affiliated Late Cretaceous Pelona schist in the lower plate, and it has been widely interpreted as the original Laramide subduction megathrust. A 500 to 1000 m thick mylonite zone, consisting of a low-stress (LS) section at the bottom, a high-stress (HS) section at the top, and a weakly deformed section in between, is developed above the VF. Our kinematic, thermobarometric and geochronological analysis of the mylonite zone indicates that the VF is a normal <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Shear sense indicators including asymmetric porphyroblasts, quartz new grain fabric, mineral fish, and quartz CPO from the HS and the LS sections exhibit a top-to-SE sense of shear on the SW-dipping mylonitic foliation, which is contrary to what one would expect for the Laramide subduction megathrust. A few samples from the LS section were overprinted by HS microstructure, implying that the LS mylonites predate the HS mylonites. TitaniQ thermometer and Si-in-muscovite barometer show that the P-T conditions are 389 ± 6 °C, 5 kbar for the LS mylonites and 329 ± 6 °C, 2.4 kbar for HS mylonites. Considering the temporal sequence of HS and LS mylonites, they are likely to be formed during exhumation. A comparison with the lower plate leads to the same conclusion. The top 80-100 m of the Pelona schist underneath the VF is folded and also mylonitized, forming the Narrows synform and S3 simultaneously. Our previous study found that S3 of the Pelona schist has a top-to-SE sense of shear and similar P-T conditions as the LS mylonite in the upper plate, so S3 of the Pelona schist is likely to be formed together with the LS mylonites in the upper plate. While mylonitization of Pelona schist (S3) overprinted both the subduction-related S1 fabric and the return-flow-related S2 fabric, it is reasonable to argue that the mylonite zone above</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T22C..02H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T22C..02H"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span>-scale controls on rift geometry: the Bilila-Mtakataka <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, Malawi</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hodge, M.; Fagereng, A.; Biggs, J.; Mdala, H. S.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Border <span class="hlt">faults</span> that develop during initial stages of rifting determine the geometry of rifts and passive margins. At outcrop and regional scales, it has been suggested that border <span class="hlt">fault</span> orientation may be controlled by reactivation of pre-existing weaknesses. Here, we perform a multi-scale investigation on the influence of anisotropic fabrics along a major developing border <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> East African Rift, Malawi. The 130 km long Bilila-Mtakataka <span class="hlt">fault</span> has been proposed to have slipped in a single MW 8 earthquake with 10 m of normal displacement. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> is marked by an 11±7 m high scarp with an average trend that is oblique to the current plate motion. Variations in scarp height are greatest at lithological boundaries and where the scarp switches between following and cross-cutting high-grade metamorphic foliation. Based on the scarp's geometry and morphology, we define 6 geometrically distinct segments. We suggest that the segments link to at least one deeper structure that strikes parallel to the average scarp trend, an orientation consistent with the kinematics of an early phase of rift initiation. The slip required on a deep <span class="hlt">fault(s</span>) to match the height of the current scarp suggests multiple earthquakes along the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. We test this hypothesis by studying the scarp morphology using high-resolution satellite data. Our results suggest that during the earthquake(s) that formed the current scarp, the propagation of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> toward the surface locally followed moderately-dipping foliation well oriented for reactivation. In conclusion, although well oriented pre-existing weaknesses locally influence shallow <span class="hlt">fault</span> geometry, large-scale border <span class="hlt">fault</span> geometry appears primarily controlled by the stress field at the time of <span class="hlt">fault</span> initiation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1917929B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1917929B"><span>Characteristics of the recent seismic activity on a near-shore <span class="hlt">fault</span> south of Malta, Central Mediterranean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bozionelos, George; Galea, Pauline; D'Amico, Sebastiano; Agius, Matthew</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The tectonic setting of the Maltese islands is mainly influenced by two dominant rift <span class="hlt">systems</span> belonging to different ages and having different trends. The first and older rift created the horst and graben structure in northern Malta. The second rift generation, in the south, including the Maghlaq <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, is associated with the Pantelleria Rift. The Maghlaq <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is a spectacular NW - SE trending and left-stepping normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> running along the <span class="hlt">southern</span> coastline of the Maltese islands, cutting the Oligo-Miocene pre to syn-rift carbonates. Its surface expression is traceable along 4 km of the coastline, where vertical displacements of the island's Tertiary stratigraphic sequence are clearly visible and exceed 210m. These displacements have given rise to sheer, slickensided <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarps, as well as isolating the small island of Filfla 4km offshore the <span class="hlt">southern</span> coast. Identification and assessment of the seismic activity related with Maghlaq <span class="hlt">fault</span>, for the recent years, is performed, re-evaluating and redetermining the hypocentral locations and the source parameters of both recent and older events. The earthquakes that have affected the Maltese islands in the historical past, have occurred mainly at the Sicily Channel, at eastern Sicily, even as far away as the Hellenic arc. Some of these earthquakes also have caused considerable damage to buildings. The Maghlaq <span class="hlt">fault</span> is believed to be one of the master <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the Sicily Channel Rift, being parallel to the Malta graben, which passes around 20km south of Malta and shows continuous seismic activity. Despite the relationship of this <span class="hlt">fault</span> with the graben <span class="hlt">system</span>, no seismic activity on the Maghlaq <span class="hlt">fault</span> had been documented previous to 2015. On the July 30nth 2015, an earthquake was widely felt in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> half of Malta and was approximately located just offshore the <span class="hlt">southern</span> coast. Since then, a swarm of seismic events lasting several days, as well as other isolated events have occurred, indicating the <span class="hlt">fault</span> to be</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1917002F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1917002F"><span>Experimental approach to domino-style basement <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> with evaporites during extension and subsequent inversion</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ferrer, Oriol; McClay, Ken</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Salt is mechanically weaker than other sedimentary rocks in rift basins. During extension it commonly acts as a strain localizer, decoupling supra- and sub-salt deformation. In this scenario the movement of the subsalt <span class="hlt">faults</span> combined with the salt migration commonly constraint the development of syncline basins. The shape of these synclines is basically controlled by the thickness and strength of the overlying salt section, as well as by the shapes of the extensional <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and the magnitudes and slip rates along the <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The inherited extensional structure, and particularly the continuity of the salt section, plays a key role if the rift basin is subsequently inverted. This research utilizes scaled physical models to analyse the interplay between subsalt structures and suprasalt units during both extension and inversion in domino-style basement <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span>. The experimental program includes twelve analogue models to analyze how the thickness and stratigraphy of the salt unit as well as the thickness of the pre-extensional cover constraint the structural style during extension and subsequent inversion. Different models with the same setup have been used to examine the kinematic evolution. Model kinematics was documented and analyzed combining high-resolution photographs and sub-millimeter resolution scanners. The vertical sections carried out at the end of the experiments have been used to characterize the variations of the structures along strike using new methodologies (3D voxel models in image processing software and 3D seismic). The experimental results show that after extension, rift <span class="hlt">systems</span> with salt affected by domino-style basement <span class="hlt">faults</span> don't show the classical growth stratal wedges. In this case synclinal basins develop above the salt on the hangingwall of the basement <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The evolution of supra- and subsalt deformation is initially decoupled by the salt layer. Salt migrates from the main depocenters towards the edges of the basin constraining</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JSG...104..159S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JSG...104..159S"><span>The emergence of asymmetric normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> under symmetric boundary conditions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schöpfer, Martin P. J.; Childs, Conrad; Manzocchi, Tom; Walsh, John J.; Nicol, Andrew; Grasemann, Bernhard</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Many normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> and, on a smaller scale, fracture boudinage often exhibit asymmetry with one <span class="hlt">fault</span> dip direction dominating. It is a common belief that the formation of domino and shear band boudinage with a monoclinic symmetry requires a component of layer parallel shearing. Moreover, domains of parallel <span class="hlt">faults</span> are frequently used to infer the presence of a décollement. Using Distinct Element Method (DEM) modelling we show, that asymmetric <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> can emerge under symmetric boundary conditions. A statistical analysis of DEM models suggests that the <span class="hlt">fault</span> dip directions and <span class="hlt">system</span> polarities can be explained using a random process if the strength contrast between the brittle layer and the surrounding material is high. The models indicate that domino and shear band boudinage are unreliable shear-sense indicators. Moreover, the presence of a décollement should not be inferred on the basis of a domain of parallel <span class="hlt">faults</span> alone.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986JGR....9114080F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986JGR....9114080F"><span>Distinctive Triassic megaporphyritic monzogranite: Evidence for only 160 km offset along the San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, <span class="hlt">southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Frizzell, Virgil A., Jr.; Mattinson, James M.; Matti, Jonathan C.</p> <p>1986-12-01</p> <p>Distinctive megaporphyritic bodies of monzogranite to quartz monzonite that occur in the Mill Creek region of the San Bernardino Mountains and across the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> on Liebre Mountain share identical modal and chemical compositions, intrusive ages, and petrogenesis and similar thermal histories. Both bodies are strontium-rich and contain large potassium feldspar phenocrysts and hornblende. U-Pb determinations on zircon from both bodies indicate Triassic intrusive ages (215 Ma) and derivation, in part, from homogeneous Precambrian continental crust. U-Pb analyses on apatite and sphene and K-Ar analyses on hornblende and biotite show that the bodies suffered a Late Cretaceous thermal event (70-75 Ma). The strong similarities between the two bodies suggest that they constitute segments of a formerly continuous pluton that has been offset about 160 km by movement on the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>, about 80 km less than the generally accepted distance. Plutons having monzonitic compositions, reassembled with the megaporphyritic bodies are used as a piercing point, form a relatively coherent province within the varied suite of Mesozoic batholithic and prebatholithic rocks in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20150007988&hterms=MANAGEMENT+ORGANIZATIONAL+BEHAVIOR&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DMANAGEMENT%2BOF%2BORGANIZATIONAL%2BBEHAVIOR','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20150007988&hterms=MANAGEMENT+ORGANIZATIONAL+BEHAVIOR&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DMANAGEMENT%2BOF%2BORGANIZATIONAL%2BBEHAVIOR"><span>Automated Generation of <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Management Artifacts from a Simple <span class="hlt">System</span> Model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kennedy, Andrew K.; Day, John C.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Our understanding of off-nominal behavior - failure modes and <span class="hlt">fault</span> propagation - in complex <span class="hlt">systems</span> is often based purely on engineering intuition; specific cases are assessed in an ad hoc fashion as a (fallible) <span class="hlt">fault</span> management engineer sees fit. This work is an attempt to provide a more rigorous approach to this understanding and assessment by automating the creation of a <span class="hlt">fault</span> management artifact, the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) through querying a representation of the <span class="hlt">system</span> in a SysML model. This work builds off the previous development of an off-nominal behavior model for the upcoming Soil Moisture Active-Passive (SMAP) mission at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We further developed the previous <span class="hlt">system</span> model to more fully incorporate the ideas of State Analysis, and it was restructured in an organizational hierarchy that models the <span class="hlt">system</span> as layers of control <span class="hlt">systems</span> while also incorporating the concept of "design authority". We present software that was developed to traverse the elements and relationships in this model to automatically construct an FMEA spreadsheet. We further discuss extending this model to automatically generate other typical <span class="hlt">fault</span> management artifacts, such as <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Trees, to efficiently portray <span class="hlt">system</span> behavior, and depend less on the intuition of <span class="hlt">fault</span> management engineers to ensure complete examination of off-nominal behavior.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940026147','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940026147"><span>Development of an accurate transmission line <span class="hlt">fault</span> locator using the global positioning <span class="hlt">system</span> satellites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lee, Harry</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>A highly accurate transmission line <span class="hlt">fault</span> locator based on the traveling-wave principle was developed and successfully operated within B.C. Hydro. A transmission line <span class="hlt">fault</span> produces a fast-risetime traveling wave at the <span class="hlt">fault</span> point which propagates along the transmission line. This <span class="hlt">fault</span> locator <span class="hlt">system</span> consists of traveling wave detectors located at key substations which detect and time tag the leading edge of the <span class="hlt">fault</span>-generated traveling wave as if passes through. A master station gathers the time-tagged information from the remote detectors and determines the location of the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Precise time is a key element to the success of this <span class="hlt">system</span>. This <span class="hlt">fault</span> locator <span class="hlt">system</span> derives its timing from the Global Positioning <span class="hlt">System</span> (GPS) satellites. <span class="hlt">System</span> tests confirmed the accuracy of locating <span class="hlt">faults</span> to within the design objective of +/-300 meters.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19760016574','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19760016574"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> tectonics and earthquake hazards in parts of <span class="hlt">southern</span> California. [penninsular ranges, Garlock <span class="hlt">fault</span>, Salton Trough area, and western Mojave Desert</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Merifield, P. M. (Principal Investigator); Lamar, D. L.; Gazley, C., Jr.; Lamar, J. V.; Stratton, R. H.</p> <p>1976-01-01</p> <p>The author has identified the following significant results. Four previously unknown <span class="hlt">faults</span> were discovered in basement terrane of the Peninsular Ranges. These have been named the San Ysidro Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span>, Thing Valley <span class="hlt">fault</span>, Canyon City <span class="hlt">fault</span>, and Warren Canyon <span class="hlt">fault</span>. In addition <span class="hlt">fault</span> gouge and breccia were recognized along the San Diego River <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Study of features on Skylab imagery and review of geologic and seismic data suggest that the risk of a damaging earthquake is greater along the northwestern portion of the Elsinore <span class="hlt">fault</span> than along the southeastern portion. Physiographic indicators of active <span class="hlt">faulting</span> along the Garlock <span class="hlt">fault</span> identifiable in Skylab imagery include scarps, linear ridges, shutter ridges, faceted ridges, linear valleys, undrained depressions and offset drainage. The following previously unrecognized <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments are postulated for the Salton Trough Area: (1) An extension of a previously known <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> set located southeast of the Salton Sea; (2) An extension of the active San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone along a tonal change in cultivated fields across Mexicali Valley ( the tonal change may represent different soil conditions along opposite sides of a <span class="hlt">fault</span>). For the Skylab and LANDSAT images studied, pseudocolor transformations offer no advantages over the original images in the recognition of <span class="hlt">faults</span> in Skylab and LANDSAT images. Alluvial deposits of different ages, a marble unit and iron oxide gossans of the Mojave Mining District are more readily differentiated on images prepared from ratios of individual bands of the S-192 multispectral scanner data. The San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> was also made more distinct in the 8/2 and 9/2 band ratios by enhancement of vegetation differences on opposite sides of the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Preliminary analysis indicates a significant earth resources potential for the discrimination of soil and rock types, including mineral alteration zones. This application should be actively pursued.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70157080','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70157080"><span>The Palos Verdes <span class="hlt">Fault</span> offshore <span class="hlt">southern</span> California: late Pleistocene to present tectonic geomorphology, seascape evolution and slip rate estimate based on AUV and ROV surveys</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Brothers, Daniel S.; Conrad, James E.; Maier, Katherine L.; Paull, Charles K.; McGann, Mary L.; Caress, David W.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The Palos Verdes <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (PVF) is one of few active <span class="hlt">faults</span> in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California that crosses the shoreline and can be studied using both terrestrial and subaqueous methodologies. To characterize the near-seafloor <span class="hlt">fault</span> morphology, tectonic influences on continental slope sedimentary processes and late Pleistocene to present slip rate, a grid of high-resolution multibeam bathymetric data, and chirp subbottom profiles were acquired with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) along the main trace of PVF in water depths between 250 and 600 m. Radiocarbon dates were obtained from vibracores collected using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and ship-based gravity cores. The PVF is expressed as a well-defined seafloor lineation marked by subtle along-strike bends. Right-stepping transtensional bends exert first-order control on sediment flow dynamics and the spatial distribution of Holocene depocenters; deformed strata within a small pull-apart basin record punctuated growth <span class="hlt">faulting</span> associated with at least three Holocene surface ruptures. An upper (shallower) landslide scarp, a buried sedimentary mound, and a deeper scarp have been right-laterally offset across the PVF by 55 ± 5, 52 ± 4 , and 39 ± 8 m, respectively. The ages of the upper scarp and buried mound are approximately 31 ka; the age of the deeper scarp is bracketed to 17–24 ka. These three piercing points bracket the late Pleistocene to present slip rate to 1.3–2.8 mm/yr and provide a best estimate of 1.6–1.9 mm/yr. The deformation observed along the PVF is characteristic of strike-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span> and accounts for 20–30% of the total right-lateral slip budget accommodated offshore <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19880001419&hterms=computer+security&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dcomputer%2Bsecurity','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19880001419&hterms=computer+security&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dcomputer%2Bsecurity"><span>Reliability modeling of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant computer based <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bavuso, Salvatore J.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>Digital <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant computer-based <span class="hlt">systems</span> have become commonplace in military and commercial avionics. These <span class="hlt">systems</span> hold the promise of increased availability, reliability, and maintainability over conventional analog-based <span class="hlt">systems</span> through the application of replicated digital computers arranged in <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant configurations. Three tightly coupled factors of paramount importance, ultimately determining the viability of these <span class="hlt">systems</span>, are reliability, safety, and profitability. Reliability, the major driver affects virtually every aspect of design, packaging, and field operations, and eventually produces profit for commercial applications or increased national security. However, the utilization of digital computer <span class="hlt">systems</span> makes the task of producing credible reliability assessment a formidable one for the reliability engineer. The root of the problem lies in the digital computer's unique adaptability to changing requirements, computational power, and ability to test itself efficiently. Addressed here are the nuances of modeling the reliability of <span class="hlt">systems</span> with large state sizes, in the Markov sense, which result from <span class="hlt">systems</span> based on replicated redundant hardware and to discuss the modeling of factors which can reduce reliability without concomitant depletion of hardware. Advanced <span class="hlt">fault</span>-handling models are described and methods of acquiring and measuring parameters for these models are delineated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.2969R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.2969R"><span>Fibrous gypsum veins as diffuse features and within <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones: the case study of the Pisco Basin (Ica desert, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Peru)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rustichelli, Andrea; Di Celma, Claudio; Tondi, Emanuele; Baud, Patrick; Vinciguerra, Sergio</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>New knowledge on patterns of fibrous gypsum veins, their genetic mechanisms, deformation style and weathering are provided by a field- and laboratory-based study carried out on the Neogene to Quaternary Pisco Basin sedimentary strata (porous sandstones, siltstones and diatomites) exposed in the Ica desert, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Peru. Gypsum veins vary considerably in dimensions, attitudes and timing and can develop in layered and moderately fractured rocks also in the absence of evaporitic layers. Veins occur both as diffuse features, confined to certain stratigraphic levels, and localised within <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones. Arrays formed by layer-bounded, mutually orthogonal sets of steeply-dipping gypsum veins are reported for the first time. Vein length, height and spacing depend on the thickness of the bed packages in which they are confined. Within <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones, veins are partly a product of <span class="hlt">faulting</span> but also inherited layer-bounded features along which <span class="hlt">faults</span> are superimposed. Due to the different petrophysical properties with respect to the parent rocks and their susceptibility to textural and mineralogical modifications, water dissolution and rupture, gypsum veins may have a significant role in geofluid management. Depending on their patterns and grade of physical and chemical alteration, veins may influence geofluid circulation and storage, acting as barriers to flow and possibly also as conduits.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JGE.....6..120T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JGE.....6..120T"><span>Imaging 2D structures by the CSAMT method: application to the Pantano di S. Gregorio Magno <span class="hlt">faulted</span> basin (<span class="hlt">Southern</span> Italy)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Troiano, Antonio; Di Giuseppe, Maria Giulia; Petrillo, Zaccaria; Patella, Domenico</p> <p>2009-06-01</p> <p>A controlled source audiofrequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) survey has been undertaken in the Pantano di San Gregorio Magno <span class="hlt">faulted</span> basin, an earthquake prone area of <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Apennines in Italy. A dataset from 11 soundings, distributed along a nearly N-S 780 m long profile, was acquired in the basin's easternmost area, where the fewest data are available as to the <span class="hlt">faulting</span> shallow features. A preliminary skew analysis allowed a prevailing 2D nature of the dataset to be ascertained. Then, using a single-site multi-frequency approach, Dantzig's simplex algorithm was introduced for the first time to estimate the CSAMT decomposition parameters. The simplex algorithm, freely available online, proved to be fast and efficient. By this approach, the TM and TE mode field diagrams were obtained and a N35°W ± 10° 2D strike mean direction was estimated along the profile, in substantial agreement with the <span class="hlt">fault</span> traces within the basin. A 2D inversion of the apparent resistivity and phase curves at seven almost noise-free sites distributed along the central portion of the profile was finally elaborated, reinforced by a sensitivity analysis, which allowed the best resolved portion of the model to be imaged from the first few meters of depth down to a mean depth of 300 m b.g.l. From the inverted section, the following features have been outlined: (i) a cover layer with resistivity in the range 3-30 Ω m ascribed to the Quaternary lacustrine clayey deposits filling the basin, down to an average depth of about 35 m b.g.l., underlain by a structure with resistivity over 50 Ω m up to about 600 Ω m, ascribed to the Mesozoic carbonate bedrock; (ii) a <span class="hlt">system</span> of two normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> within the carbonate basement, extending down to the maximum best resolved depth of the order of 300 m b.g.l.; (iii) two wedge-shaped domains separating the opposite blocks of the <span class="hlt">faults</span> with resistivity ranging between 30 Ω m and 50 Ω m and horizontal extent of the order of some tens of metres, likely</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.T41A0357B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.T41A0357B"><span>Late Quaternary <span class="hlt">Faulting</span> along the San Juan de los Planes <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone, Baja California Sur, Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Busch, M. M.; Coyan, J. A.; Arrowsmith, J.; Maloney, S. J.; Gutierrez, G.; Umhoefer, P. J.</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p>As a result of continued distributed deformation in the Gulf Extensional Province along an oblique-divergent plate margin, active normal <span class="hlt">faulting</span> is well manifest in southeastern Baja California. By characterizing normal-<span class="hlt">fault</span> related deformation along the San Juan de los Planes <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone (SJPFZ) southwest of La Paz, Baja California Sur we contribute to understanding the patterns and rates of <span class="hlt">faulting</span> along the southwest gulf-margin <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. The geometry, history, and rate of <span class="hlt">faulting</span> provide constraints on the relative significance of gulf-margin deformation as compared to axial <span class="hlt">system</span> deformation. The SJPFZ is a major north-trending structure in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Baja margin along which we focused our field efforts. These investigations included: a detailed strip map of the active <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, including delineation of active scarp traces and geomorphic surfaces on the hanging wall and footwall; <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarp profiles; analysis of bedrock structures to better understand how the pattern and rate of strain varied during the development of this <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone; and a gravity survey across the San Juan de los Planes basin to determine basin geometry and <span class="hlt">fault</span> behavior. The map covers a N-S swath from the Gulf of California in the north to San Antonio in the south, an area ~45km long and ~1-4km wide. Bedrock along the SJPFZ varies from Cretaceous Las Cruces Granite in the north to Cretaceous Buena Mujer Tonalite in the south and is scarred by shear zones and brittle <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The active scarp-forming <span class="hlt">fault</span> juxtaposes bedrock in the footwall against Late Quaternary sandstone-conglomerate. This ~20m wide zone is highly fractured bedrock infused with carbonate. The northern ~12km of the SJPFZ, trending 200°, preserves discontinuous scarps 1-2km long and 1-3m high in Quaternary units. The scarps are separated by stretches of bedrock embayed by hundreds of meters-wide tongues of Quaternary sandstone-conglomerate, implying low Quaternary slip rate. Further south, ~2 km north of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19850007684','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19850007684"><span>cost and benefits optimization model for <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant aircraft electronic <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p>The factors involved in economic assessment of <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant <span class="hlt">systems</span> (FTS) and <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant flight control <span class="hlt">systems</span> (FTFCS) are discussed. Algorithms for optimization and economic analysis of FTFCS are documented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMOS43C1841J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMOS43C1841J"><span>Influence of <span class="hlt">fault</span> trend, <span class="hlt">fault</span> bends, and <span class="hlt">fault</span> convergence on shallow structure, geomorphology, and hazards, Hosgri strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span>, offshore central California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Johnson, S. Y.; Watt, J. T.; Hartwell, S. R.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>We mapped a ~94-km-long portion of the right-lateral Hosgri <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone from Point Sal to Piedras Blancas in offshore central California using high-resolution seismic reflection profiles, marine magnetic data, and multibeam bathymetry. The database includes 121 seismic profiles across the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone and is perhaps the most comprehensive reported survey of the shallow structure of an active strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span>. These data document the location, length, and near-surface continuity of multiple <span class="hlt">fault</span> strands, highlight <span class="hlt">fault</span>-zone heterogeneity, and demonstrate the importance of <span class="hlt">fault</span> trend, <span class="hlt">fault</span> bends, and <span class="hlt">fault</span> convergences in the development of shallow structure and tectonic geomorphology. The Hosgri <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone is continuous through the study area passing through a broad arc in which <span class="hlt">fault</span> trend changes from about 338° to 328° from south to north. The <span class="hlt">southern</span> ~40 km of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone in this area is more extensional, resulting in accommodation space that is filled by deltaic sediments of the Santa Maria River. The central ~24 km of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone is characterized by oblique convergence of the Hosgri <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone with the more northwest-trending Los Osos and Shoreline <span class="hlt">Faults</span>. Convergence between these <span class="hlt">faults</span> has resulted in the formation of local restraining and releasing <span class="hlt">fault</span> bends, transpressive uplifts, and transtensional basins of varying size and morphology. We present a hypothesis that links development of a paired <span class="hlt">fault</span> bend to indenting and bulging of the Hosgri <span class="hlt">Fault</span> by a strong crustal block translated to the northwest along the Shoreline <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. Two diverging Hosgri <span class="hlt">Fault</span> strands bounding a central uplifted block characterize the northern ~30 km of the Hosgri <span class="hlt">Fault</span> in this area. The eastern Hosgri strand passes through releasing and restraining bends; the releasing bend is the primary control on development of an elongate, asymmetric, "Lazy Z" sedimentary basin. The western strand of the Hosgri <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone passes through a significant restraining bend and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.G23A1017F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.G23A1017F"><span>Refining interseismic <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip and shallow creep on the Hayward and Calaveras <span class="hlt">Faults</span>, California, using UAVSAR, satellite InSAR and GPS data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Farge, G.; Delbridge, B. G.; Materna, K.; Johnson, C. W.; Chaussard, E.; Jones, C. E.; Burgmann, R.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Understanding the role of the Hayward/Calaveras <span class="hlt">fault</span> junction in major earthquake ruptures in the East San Francisco Bay Area is a major challenge in trying to assess the regional seismic hazard. We use updated GPS velocities, and surface geodetic measurements from both traditional space-based InSAR and the NASA JPL's Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) <span class="hlt">system</span> to quantify the deep long-term interseismic deformation and shallow temporally variable <span class="hlt">fault</span> creep. Here, we present a large data set of interseismic deformation over the Hayward/Calaveras <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, combining far-field deformation from 1992-2011 ERS and Envisat InSAR data, near-field deformation from 2009-2016 UAVSAR data and 1997-2016 regional GPS measurements from the Bay Area Velocity Unification model (BAVU4) in both near-field and far field. We perform a joint inversion of the data to obtain the long-term slip on deep through-going dislocations and the distribution of shallow creep on a 3D model of the Hayward and Calaveras <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Spatially adaptative weights are given to each data set in order to account for its importance in constraining slip at different depths. The coherence and resolution of the UAVSAR data allow us to accurately resolve the near-field <span class="hlt">fault</span> deformation, thus providing stronger constraints on the location of active strands of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Hayward and Calaveras <span class="hlt">faults</span> and their shallow interseismic creep distribution.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.H23C1513H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.H23C1513H"><span>Conditions of Fissuring in a Pumped-<span class="hlt">Faulted</span> Aquifer <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hernandez-Marin, M.; Burbey, T. J.</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p>Earth fissuring associated with subsidence from groundwater pumping is problematic in many arid-zone heavily pumped basins such as Las Vegas Valley. Long-term pumping at rates considerably greater than the natural recharge rate has stressed the heterogeneous aquifer <span class="hlt">system</span> resulting in a complex stress-strain regime. A rigorous artificial recharge program coupled with increased surface-water importation has allowed water levels to appreciably recover, which has led to surface rebound in some localities. Nonetheless, new fissures continue to appear, particularly near basin-fill <span class="hlt">faults</span> that behave as barriers to subsidence bowls. The purpose of this research is to develop a series of computational models to better understand the influence that structure (<span class="hlt">faults</span>), pumping, and hydrostratigraphy has in the generation and propagation of fissures. The hydrostratigraphy of Las Vegas Valley consists of aquifers, aquitards and a relatively dry vadoze zone that may be as thick as 100m in much of the valley. Quaternary <span class="hlt">faults</span> are typically depicted as scarps resulting from pre- pumping extensional tectonic events and are probably not responsible for the observed strain. The models developed to simulate the stress-strain and deformation processes in a <span class="hlt">faulted</span> pumped aquifer-aquitard <span class="hlt">system</span> of Las Vegas use the ABAQUS CAE (Complete ABAQUS Environment) software <span class="hlt">system</span>. ABAQUS is a sophisticated engineering industry finite-element modeling package capable of simulating the complex <span class="hlt">fault</span>- fissure <span class="hlt">system</span> described here. A brittle failure criteria based on the tensile strength of the materials and the acting stresses (from previous models) are being used to understand how and where fissures are likely to form. , Hypothetical simulations include the role that <span class="hlt">faults</span> and the vadose zone may play in fissure formation</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T41C0644C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T41C0644C"><span>The 2014 Mw6.9 Gokceada and 2017 Mw6.3 Lesvos Earthquakes in the Northern Aegean Sea: The Transition from Right-Lateral Strike-Slip <span class="hlt">Faulting</span> on the North Anatolian <span class="hlt">Fault</span> to Extension in the Central Aegean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cetin, S.; Konca, A. O.; Dogan, U.; Floyd, M.; Karabulut, H.; Ergintav, S.; Ganas, A.; Paradisis, D.; King, R. W.; Reilinger, R. E.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The 2014 Mw6.9 Gokceada (strike-slip) and 2017 Mw6.3 Lesvos (normal) earthquakes represent two of the set of <span class="hlt">faults</span> that accommodate the transition from right-lateral strike-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span> on the North Anatolian <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (NAF) to normal <span class="hlt">faulting</span> along the Gulf of Corinth. The Gokceada earthquake was a purely strike-slip event on the western extension of the NAF where it enters the northern Aegean Sea. The Lesvos earthquake, located roughly 200 km south of Gokceada, occurred on a WNW-ESE-striking normal <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Both earthquakes respond to the same regional stress field, as indicated by their sub-parallel seismic tension axis and far-field coseismic GPS displacements. Interpretation of GPS-derived velocities, active <span class="hlt">faults</span>, crustal seismicity, and earthquake focal mechanisms in the northern Aegean indicates that this pattern of complementary <span class="hlt">faulting</span>, involving WNW-ESE-striking normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> (e.g. Lesvos earthquake) and SW-NE-striking strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> (e.g. Gokceada earthquake), persists across the full extent of the northern Aegean Sea. The combination of these two "families" of <span class="hlt">faults</span>, combined with some <span class="hlt">systems</span> of conjugate left-lateral strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span>, complement one another and culminate in the purely extensional rift structures that form the large Gulfs of Evvia and Corinth. In addition to being consistent with seismic and geodetic observations, these <span class="hlt">fault</span> geometries explain the increasing velocity of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Aegean and Peloponnese regions towards the Hellenic subduction zone. Alignment of geodetic extension and seismic tension axes with motion of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Aegean towards the Hellenic subduction zone suggests a direct association of Aegean extension with subduction, possibly by trench retreat, as has been suggested by prior investigators.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910009034','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910009034"><span>Abnormal <span class="hlt">fault</span>-recovery characteristics of the <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant multiprocessor uncovered using a new <span class="hlt">fault</span>-injection methodology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Padilla, Peter A.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>An investigation was made in AIRLAB of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> handling performance of the <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Tolerant MultiProcessor (FTMP). <span class="hlt">Fault</span> handling errors detected during <span class="hlt">fault</span> injection experiments were characterized. In these <span class="hlt">fault</span> injection experiments, the FTMP disabled a working unit instead of the <span class="hlt">faulted</span> unit once in every 500 <span class="hlt">faults</span>, on the average. <span class="hlt">System</span> design weaknesses allow active <span class="hlt">faults</span> to exercise a part of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> management software that handles Byzantine or lying <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Byzantine <span class="hlt">faults</span> behave such that the <span class="hlt">faulted</span> unit points to a working unit as the source of errors. The design's problems involve: (1) the design and interface between the simplex error detection hardware and the error processing software, (2) the functional capabilities of the FTMP <span class="hlt">system</span> bus, and (3) the communication requirements of a multiprocessor architecture. These weak areas in the FTMP's design increase the probability that, for any hardware <span class="hlt">fault</span>, a good line replacement unit (LRU) is mistakenly disabled by the <span class="hlt">fault</span> management software.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.H12A..06J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.H12A..06J"><span>Large-Scale Multiphase Flow Modeling of Hydrocarbon Migration and Fluid Sequestration in <span class="hlt">Faulted</span> Cenozoic Sedimentary Basins, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jung, B.; Garven, G.; Boles, J. R.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Major <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> play a first-order role in controlling fluid migration in the Earth's crust, and also in the genesis/preservation of hydrocarbon reservoirs in young sedimentary basins undergoing deformation, and therefore understanding the geohydrology of <span class="hlt">faults</span> is essential for the successful exploration of energy resources. For actively deforming <span class="hlt">systems</span> like the Santa Barbara Basin and Los Angeles Basin, we have found it useful to develop computational geohydrologic models to study the various coupled and nonlinear processes affecting multiphase fluid migration, including relative permeability, anisotropy, heterogeneity, capillarity, pore pressure, and phase saturation that affect hydrocarbon mobility within <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> and to search the possible hydrogeologic conditions that enable the natural sequestration of prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs in these young basins. Subsurface geology, reservoir data (fluid pressure-temperature-chemistry), structural reconstructions, and seismic profiles provide important constraints for model geometry and parameter testing, and provide critical insight on how large-scale <span class="hlt">faults</span> and aquifer networks influence the distribution and the hydrodynamics of liquid and gas-phase hydrocarbon migration. For example, pore pressure changes at a methane seepage site on the seafloor have been carefully analyzed to estimate large-scale <span class="hlt">fault</span> permeability, which helps to constrain basin-scale natural gas migration models for the Santa Barbara Basin. We have developed our own 2-D multiphase finite element/finite IMPES numerical model, and successfully modeled hydrocarbon gas/liquid movement for intensely <span class="hlt">faulted</span> and heterogeneous basin profiles of the Los Angeles Basin. Our simulations suggest that hydrocarbon reservoirs that are today aligned with the Newport-Inglewood <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone were formed by massive hydrocarbon flows from deeply buried source beds in the central synclinal region during post-Miocene time. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> permeability, capillarity</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005SedG..181...73T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005SedG..181...73T"><span>Late Ordovician (Ashgillian) glacial deposits in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Jordan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Turner, Brian R.; Makhlouf, Issa M.; Armstrong, Howard A.</p> <p>2005-11-01</p> <p>The Late Ordovician (Ashgillian) glacial deposits in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Jordan, comprise a lower and upper glacially incised palaeovalley <span class="hlt">system</span>, occupying reactivated basement and Pan-African <span class="hlt">fault</span>-controlled depressions. The lower palaeovalley, incised into shoreface sandstones of the pre-glacial Tubeiliyat Formation, is filled with thin glaciofluvial sandstones at the base, overlain by up to 50 m of shoreface sandstone. A prominent glaciated surface near the top of this palaeovalley-fill contains intersecting glacial striations aligned E-W and NW-SE. The upper palaeovalley-fill comprises glaciofluvial and marine sandstones, incised into the lower palaeovalley or, where this is absent, into the Tubeiliyat Formation. <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Jordan lay close to the margin of a Late Ordovician terrestrial ice sheet in Northwest Saudi Arabia, characterised by two major ice advances. These are correlated with the lower and upper palaeovalleys in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Jordan, interrupted by two subsidiary glacial advances during late stage filling of the lower palaeovalley when ice advanced from the west and northwest. Thus, four ice advances are now recorded from the Late Ordovician glacial record of <span class="hlt">southern</span> Jordan. Disturbed and deformed green sandstones beneath the upper palaeovalley-fill in the Jebel Ammar area, are confined to the margins of the Hutayya graben, and have been interpreted as structureless glacial loessite or glacial rock flour. Petrographic and textural analyses of the deformed sandstones, their mapped lateral transition into undeformed Tubeiliyat marine sandstones away from the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, and the presence of similar sedimentary structures to those in the pre-glacial marine Tubeiliyat Formation suggest that they are a locally deformed facies equivalent of the Tubeiliyat, not part of the younger glacial deposits. Deformation is attributed to glacially induced crustal stresses and seismic reactivation of pre-existing <span class="hlt">faults</span>, previously weakened by epeirogenesis, triggering sediment</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IJSyS..46.2287X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IJSyS..46.2287X"><span>ISHM-oriented adaptive <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnostics for avionics based on a distributed intelligent agent <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xu, Jiuping; Zhong, Zhengqiang; Xu, Lei</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>In this paper, an integrated <span class="hlt">system</span> health management-oriented adaptive <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnostics and model for avionics is proposed. With avionics becoming increasingly complicated, precise and comprehensive avionics <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnostics has become an extremely complicated task. For the proposed <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnostic <span class="hlt">system</span>, specific approaches, such as the artificial immune <span class="hlt">system</span>, the intelligent agents <span class="hlt">system</span> and the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory, are used to conduct deep <span class="hlt">fault</span> avionics diagnostics. Through this proposed <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnostic <span class="hlt">system</span>, efficient and accurate diagnostics can be achieved. A numerical example is conducted to apply the proposed hybrid diagnostics to a set of radar transmitters on an avionics <span class="hlt">system</span> and to illustrate that the proposed <span class="hlt">system</span> and model have the ability to achieve efficient and accurate <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnostics. By analyzing the diagnostic <span class="hlt">system</span>'s feasibility and pragmatics, the advantages of this <span class="hlt">system</span> are demonstrated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/1048/report.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/1048/report.pdf"><span>An aeromagnetic interpretation of eleven map sheets, scale 1:250,000, in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Najd and part of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Tuwayq quadrangles, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Griscom, Andrew</p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p>Eleven magnetic interpretation maps (scale 1:250,000) have been prepared for the area .of. exposed crystalline rocks in the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Najd and part of the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Tuwayq quadrangles (scale 1:500,000) from available published data. Boundaries of a variety of rock units that produce distinctive magnetic anomalies .or anomaly patterns are delineated. In some cases these magnetic boundaries correspond with previously mapped geologic contacts, and in other cases they indicate the possibility of additional, as yet unmapped, geologic contacts. The magnetic boundaries also allow the extrapolation of geologic contacts across areas covered by Quaternary deposits. Many boundaries are identified as part of the Najd <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, and offset magnetic anomalies may be correlated across certain <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones. Approximate dips were calculated for a few boundaries that represent igneous contacts, <span class="hlt">faults</span>, or unconformities. Some characteristic anomalies appear to be associated in a general way with areas of gold mineralization and thus provide a guide for further prospecting.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19840002701','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19840002701"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> tolerant architectures for integrated aircraft electronics <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Levitt, K. N.; Melliar-Smith, P. M.; Schwartz, R. L.</p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p>Work into possible architectures for future flight control computer <span class="hlt">systems</span> is described. Ada for <span class="hlt">Fault</span>-Tolerant <span class="hlt">Systems</span>, the NETS Network Error-Tolerant <span class="hlt">System</span> architecture, and voting in asynchronous <span class="hlt">systems</span> are covered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1105002','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1105002"><span>Award ER25750: Coordinated Infrastructure for <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Tolerance <span class="hlt">Systems</span> Indiana University Final Report</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Lumsdaine, Andrew</p> <p>2013-03-08</p> <p>The main purpose of the Coordinated Infrastructure for <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Tolerance in <span class="hlt">Systems</span> initiative has been to conduct research with a goal of providing end-to-end <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance on a systemwide basis for applications and other <span class="hlt">system</span> software. While <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance has been an integral part of most high-performance computing (HPC) <span class="hlt">system</span> software developed over the past decade, it has been treated mostly as a collection of isolated stovepipes. Visibility and response to <span class="hlt">faults</span> has typically been limited to the particular hardware and software subsystems in which they are initially observed. Little <span class="hlt">fault</span> information is shared across subsystems, allowing little flexibility ormore » control on a <span class="hlt">system</span>-wide basis, making it practically impossible to provide cohesive end-to-end <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance in support of scientific applications. As an example, consider <span class="hlt">faults</span> such as communication link failures that can be seen by a network library but are not directly visible to the job scheduler, or consider <span class="hlt">faults</span> related to node failures that can be detected by <span class="hlt">system</span> monitoring software but are not inherently visible to the resource manager. If information about such <span class="hlt">faults</span> could be shared by the network libraries or monitoring software, then other <span class="hlt">system</span> software, such as a resource manager or job scheduler, could ensure that failed nodes or failed network links were excluded from further job allocations and that further diagnosis could be performed. As a founding member and one of the lead developers of the Open MPI project, our efforts over the course of this project have been focused on making Open MPI more robust to failures by supporting various <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance techniques, and using <span class="hlt">fault</span> information exchange and coordination between MPI and the HPC <span class="hlt">system</span> software stack from the application, numeric libraries, and programming language runtime to other common <span class="hlt">system</span> components such as jobs schedulers, resource managers, and monitoring tools.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78432.htm','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78432.htm"><span>Trench Logs and Scarp Data from an Investigation of the Steens <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone, Bog Hot Valley and Pueblo Valley, Humboldt County, Nevada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Personius, Stephen F.; Crone, Anthony J.; Machette, Michael N.; Kyung, Jai Bok; Cisneros, Hector; Lidke, David J.; Mahan, Shannon</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Introduction: This report contains field and laboratory data from a study of the Steens <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone near Denio, Nev. The 200-km-long Steens <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone forms the longest, most topographically prominent <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bounded escarpment in the Basin and Range of <span class="hlt">southern</span> Oregon and northern Nevada. The down-to-the-east normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> is marked by Holocene <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarps along nearly half its length, including the <span class="hlt">southern</span> one-third of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> from the vicinity of Pueblo Mountain in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Oregon to the <span class="hlt">southern</span> margin of Bog Hot Valley (BHV) southwest of Denio, Nev. We studied this section of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> to better constrain late Quaternary slip rates, which we hope to compare to deformation rates derived from a recently established geodetic network in the region (Hammond and Thatcher, 2005). We excavated a trench in May 2003 across one of a series of right-stepping <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarps that extend south from the <span class="hlt">southern</span> end of the Pueblo Mountains and traverse the floor of Bog Hot Valley, about 4 km south of Nevada State Highway 140. This site was chosen because of the presence of well-preserved <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarps, their development on lacustrine deposits thought to be suitable for luminescence dating, and the proximity of two geodetic stations that straddle the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. We excavated a second trench in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> BHV, but the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone in this trench collapsed during excavation and thus no information about <span class="hlt">fault</span> history was documented from this site. We also excavated a soil pit on a lacustrine barrier bar in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Pueblo Valley (PV) to better constrain the age of lacustrine deposits exposed in the trench. The purpose of this report is to present photomosaics and trench logs, scarp profiles and slip data, soils data, luminescence and radiocarbon ages, and unit descriptions obtained during this investigation. We do not attempt to use the data presented herein to construct a paleoseismic history of this part of the Steens <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone; that history will be the subject of a future</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017FrEaS...5..101W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017FrEaS...5..101W"><span>Kinematics of polygonal <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span>: observations from the northern North Sea</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wrona, Thilo; Magee, Craig; Jackson, Christopher A.-L.; Huuse, Mads; Taylor, Kevin G.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Layer-bound, low-displacement normal <span class="hlt">faults</span>, arranged into a broadly polygonal pattern, are common in many sedimentary basins. Despite having constrained their gross geometry, we have a relatively poor understanding of the processes controlling the nucleation and growth (i.e. the kinematics) of polygonal <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span>. In this study we use high-resolution 3-D seismic reflection and borehole data from the northern North Sea to undertake a detailed kinematic analysis of <span class="hlt">faults</span> forming part of a seismically well-imaged polygonal <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> hosted within the up to 1000 m thick, Early Palaeocene-to-Middle Miocene mudstones of the Hordaland Group. Growth strata and displacement-depth profiles indicate <span class="hlt">faulting</span> commenced during the Eocene to early Oligocene, with reactivation possibly occurring in the late Oligocene to middle Miocene. Mapping the position of displacement maxima on 137 polygonal <span class="hlt">faults</span> suggests that the majority (64%) nucleated in the lower 500 m of the Hordaland Group. The uniform distribution of polygonal <span class="hlt">fault</span> strikes in the area indicates that nucleation and growth were not driven by gravity or far-field tectonic extension as has previously been suggested. Instead, <span class="hlt">fault</span> growth was likely facilitated by low coefficients of residual friction on existing slip surfaces, and probably involved significant layer-parallel contraction (strains of 0.01-0.19) of the host strata. To summarize, our kinematic analysis provides new insights into the spatial and temporal evolution of polygonal <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70160311','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70160311"><span>A <span class="hlt">fault</span>-based model for crustal deformation, <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip-rates and off-<span class="hlt">fault</span> strain rate in California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Zeng, Yuehua; Shen, Zheng-Kang</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>We invert Global Positioning <span class="hlt">System</span> (GPS) velocity data to estimate <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip rates in California using a fault‐based crustal deformation model with geologic constraints. The model assumes buried elastic dislocations across the region using Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast Version 3 (UCERF3) <span class="hlt">fault</span> geometries. New GPS velocity and geologic slip‐rate data were compiled by the UCERF3 deformation working group. The result of least‐squares inversion shows that the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> slips at 19–22  mm/yr along Santa Cruz to the North Coast, 25–28  mm/yr along the central California creeping segment to the Carrizo Plain, 20–22  mm/yr along the Mojave, and 20–24  mm/yr along the Coachella to the Imperial Valley. Modeled slip rates are 7–16  mm/yr lower than the preferred geologic rates from the central California creeping section to the San Bernardino North section. For the Bartlett Springs section, <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip rates of 7–9  mm/yr fall within the geologic bounds but are twice the preferred geologic rates. For the central and eastern Garlock, inverted slip rates of 7.5 and 4.9  mm/yr, respectively, match closely with the geologic rates. For the western Garlock, however, our result suggests a low slip rate of 1.7  mm/yr. Along the eastern California shear zone and <span class="hlt">southern</span> Walker Lane, our model shows a cumulative slip rate of 6.2–6.9  mm/yr across its east–west transects, which is ∼1  mm/yr increase of the geologic estimates. For the off‐coast <span class="hlt">faults</span> of central California, from Hosgri to San Gregorio, <span class="hlt">fault</span> slips are modeled at 1–5  mm/yr, similar to the lower geologic bounds. For the off‐<span class="hlt">fault</span> deformation, the total moment rate amounts to 0.88×1019  N·m/yr, with fast straining regions found around the Mendocino triple junction, Transverse Ranges and Garlock <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones, Landers and Brawley seismic zones, and farther south. The overall California moment rate is 2.76×1019</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.S51A1911M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.S51A1911M"><span>Scaling Relations of Earthquakes on Inland Active Mega-<span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Murotani, S.; Matsushima, S.; Azuma, T.; Irikura, K.; Kitagawa, S.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>Since 2005, The Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion (HERP) has been publishing 'National Seismic Hazard Maps for Japan' to provide useful information for disaster prevention countermeasures for the country and local public agencies, as well as promote public awareness of disaster prevention of earthquakes. In the course of making the year 2009 version of the map, which is the commemorate of the tenth anniversary of the settlement of the Comprehensive Basic Policy, the methods to evaluate magnitude of earthquakes, to predict strong ground motion, and to construct underground structure were investigated in the Earthquake Research Committee and its subcommittees. In order to predict the magnitude of earthquakes occurring on mega-<span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span>, we examined the scaling relations for mega-<span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> using 11 earthquakes of which source processes were analyzed by waveform inversion and of which surface information was investigated. As a result, we found that the data fit in between the scaling relations of seismic moment and rupture area by Somerville et al. (1999) and Irikura and Miyake (2001). We also found that maximum displacement of surface rupture is two to three times larger than the average slip on the seismic <span class="hlt">fault</span> and surface <span class="hlt">fault</span> length is equal to length of the source <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Furthermore, compiled data of the source <span class="hlt">fault</span> shows that displacement saturates at 10m when <span class="hlt">fault</span> length(L) is beyond 100km, L>100km. By assuming the <span class="hlt">fault</span> width (W) to be 18km in average of inland earthquakes in Japan, and the displacement saturate at 10m for length of more than 100 km, we derived a new scaling relation between source area and seismic moment, S[km^2] = 1.0 x 10^-17 M0 [Nm] for mega-<span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> that seismic moment (M0) exceeds 1.8×10^20 Nm.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6136097-thermochronologic-constraints-mylonite-detachment-fault-development-kettle-highlands-northeastern-washington-southern-british-columbia','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6136097-thermochronologic-constraints-mylonite-detachment-fault-development-kettle-highlands-northeastern-washington-southern-british-columbia"><span>Thermochronologic constraints on mylonite and detachment <span class="hlt">fault</span> development, Kettle Highlands, northeastern Washington and <span class="hlt">southern</span> British Columbia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Berger, B.R.; Snee, L.W.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>The Kettle dome, northeastern Washington and <span class="hlt">southern</span> British Columbia, is one of several large metamorphic core complexes in the region. New Ar-40/Ar-39 cooling dates from the mylonite immediately beneath the Kettle River detachment <span class="hlt">fault</span> at Barney's Junction, a cross-cutting mafic dike, and the youngest Eocene lavas in the Republic graben set constraints on kinematic models of the tectonic evolution of the dome and related grabens: Amphibolite--hornblende (59.0 [+-] 0.2); Pegmatite--muscovite (49.3 [+-] 0.2); Pegmatite--K-feldspar (49.2 [+-] 1); Augen gneiss--K-feldspar (48.0 [+-] 1); Mafic dike--hornblende (54.5 [+-] 0.1) and biotite (49.6 [+-] 0.1); Klondike Mt. Formation lava--feeder dike (48.8 [+-] 1).more » The authors interpret the dates to indicate that the tectonized amphibolite, part of a Cretaceous and older metamorphosed terrane, had formed and cooled to [approx] 500 C by Late Paleocene, the mylonite zone was being domed above the ductile zone by Early Eocene at the time of emplacement of the dike--temporally equivalent to the Keller Butte suite, Eocene Colville batholith--which crosscuts the mylonite, and incipient rifting was occurring in the Republic graben as evidenced by dike swarms. The mylonite complex reached 300 C by 49Ma coincident with the termination of Sanpoil volcanism, and then cooled rapidly to near or below 150 C by 48 Ma. At about this time, mafic Klondike Mt. lavas mark the termination of Republic graben rifting and possibly detachment <span class="hlt">faulting</span> along the Kettle River <span class="hlt">fault</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70037700','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70037700"><span>Evidence for a twelfth large earthquake on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span> in the past 1900 years</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Lienkaemper, J.J.; Williams, P.L.; Guilderson, T.P.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>We present age and stratigraphic evidence for an additional paleoearthquake at the Tyson Lagoon site. The acquisition of 19 additional radiocarbon dates and the inclusion of this additional event has resolved a large age discrepancy in our earlier earthquake chronology. The age of event E10 was previously poorly constrained, thus increasing the uncertainty in the mean recurrence interval (RI), a critical factor in seismic hazard evaluation. Reinspection of many trench logs revealed substantial evidence suggesting that an additional earthquake occurred between E10 and E9 within unit u45. Strata in older u45 are <span class="hlt">faulted</span> in the main <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone and overlain by scarp colluviums in two locations.We conclude that an additional surfacerupturing event (E9.5) occurred between E9 and E10. Since 91 A.D. (??40 yr, 1??), 11 paleoearthquakes preceded the M 6:8 earthquake in 1868, yielding a mean RI of 161 ?? 65 yr (1??, standard deviation of recurrence intervals). However, the standard error of the mean (SEM) is well determined at ??10 yr. Since ~1300 A.D., the mean rate has increased slightly, but is indistinguishable from the overall rate within the uncertainties. Recurrence for the 12-event sequence seems fairly regular: the coefficient of variation is 0.40, and it yields a 30-yr earthquake probability of 29%. The apparent regularity in timing implied by this earthquake chronology lends support for the use of time-dependent renewal models rather than assuming a random process to forecast earthquakes, at least for the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T21B2815D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T21B2815D"><span><span class="hlt">Southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Slip History Refined Using Pliocene Colorado River Deposits in the Western Salton Trough</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dorsey, R. J.; Bennett, S. E. K.; Housen, B. A.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Tectonic reconstructions of Pacific-North America plate motion in the Salton Trough region (Bennett et al., 2016) are constrained by: (1) late Miocene volcanic rocks that record 255 +/-10 km of transform offset across the northern Gulf of California since 6 Ma (average 42 mm/yr; Oskin and Stock, 2003); and (2) GPS data that show modern rates of 50-52 mm/yr between Pacific and North America plates, and 46-48 mm/yr between Baja California (BC) and North America (NAM) (Plattner et al., 2007). New data from Pliocene Colorado River deposits in the Salton Trough provide an important additional constraint on the geologic history of slip on the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Andreas <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (SAF). The Arroyo Diablo Formation (ADF) in the San Felipe Hills SW of the Salton Sea contains abundant cross-bedded channel sandstones deformed in the dextral Clark <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. The ADF ranges in age from 4.3 to 2.8 Ma in the Fish Creek-Vallecito basin, and in the Borrego Badlands its upper contact with the Borrego Formation is 2.9 Ma based on our new magnetostratigraphy. ADF paleocurrent data from a 20-km wide, NW-oriented belt near Salton City record overall transport to the SW (corrected for bedding dip, N=165), with directions ranging from NW to SE. Spatial domain analysis reveals radial divergence of paleoflow to the: W and NW in the NW domain; SW in the central domain; and S in the SE domain. Data near Borrego Sink, which restores to south of Salton City after removing offset on the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, show overall transport to the SE. Pliocene patterns of radial paleoflow divergence strongly resemble downstream bifurcation of fluvial distributary channels on the modern Colorado River delta SW of Yuma, and indicate that Salton City has translated 120-130 km NW along the SAF since 3 Ma. We propose a model in which post-6 Ma BC-NAM relative motion gradually accelerated to 50 mm/yr by 4 Ma, continued at 50 mm/yr from 4-1 Ma, and decreased to 46 mm/yr from 1-0 Ma (split equally between the SAF and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009cip3.conf..125H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009cip3.conf..125H"><span>An Ontology for Identifying Cyber Intrusion Induced <span class="hlt">Faults</span> in Process Control <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hieb, Jeffrey; Graham, James; Guan, Jian</p> <p></p> <p>This paper presents an ontological framework that permits formal representations of process control <span class="hlt">systems</span>, including elements of the process being controlled and the control <span class="hlt">system</span> itself. A <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis algorithm based on the ontological model is also presented. The algorithm can identify traditional process elements as well as control <span class="hlt">system</span> elements (e.g., IP network and SCADA protocol) as <span class="hlt">fault</span> sources. When these elements are identified as a likely <span class="hlt">fault</span> source, the possibility exists that the process <span class="hlt">fault</span> is induced by a cyber intrusion. A laboratory-scale distillation column is used to illustrate the model and the algorithm. Coupled with a well-defined statistical process model, this <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis approach provides cyber security enhanced <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis information to plant operators and can help identify that a cyber attack is underway before a major process failure is experienced.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SolE....6..185D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SolE....6..185D"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> evolution in the Potiguar rift termination, equatorial margin of Brazil</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>de Castro, D. L.; Bezerra, F. H. R.</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>The transform shearing between South American and African plates in the Cretaceous generated a series of sedimentary basins on both plate margins. In this study, we use gravity, aeromagnetic, and resistivity surveys to identify architecture of <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> and to analyze the evolution of the eastern equatorial margin of Brazil. Our study area is the <span class="hlt">southern</span> onshore termination of the Potiguar rift, which is an aborted NE-trending rift arm developed during the breakup of Pangea. The basin is located along the NNE margin of South America that faces the main transform zone that separates the North and the South Atlantic. The Potiguar rift is a Neocomian structure located at the intersection of the equatorial and western South Atlantic and is composed of a series of NE-trending horsts and grabens. This study reveals new grabens in the Potiguar rift and indicates that stretching in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> rift termination created a WNW-trending, 10 km wide, and ~ 40 km long right-lateral strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone. This zone encompasses at least eight depocenters, which are bounded by a left-stepping, en echelon <span class="hlt">system</span> of NW-SE- to NS-striking normal <span class="hlt">faults</span>. These depocenters form grabens up to 1200 m deep with a rhomb-shaped geometry, which are filled with rift sedimentary units and capped by postrift sedimentary sequences. The evolution of the rift termination is consistent with the right-lateral shearing of the equatorial margin in the Cretaceous and occurs not only at the rift termination but also as isolated structures away from the main rift. This study indicates that the strike-slip shearing between two plates propagated to the interior of one of these plates, where <span class="hlt">faults</span> with similar orientation, kinematics, geometry, and timing of the major transform are observed. These <span class="hlt">faults</span> also influence rift geometry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19850063787&hterms=INFORMATION+PROCESSING&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3DINFORMATION%2BPROCESSING','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19850063787&hterms=INFORMATION+PROCESSING&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3DINFORMATION%2BPROCESSING"><span>Advanced Information Processing <span class="hlt">System</span> - <span class="hlt">Fault</span> detection and error handling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lala, J. H.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>The Advanced Information Processing <span class="hlt">System</span> (AIPS) is designed to provide a <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant and damage tolerant data processing architecture for a broad range of aerospace vehicles, including tactical and transport aircraft, and manned and autonomous spacecraft. A proof-of-concept (POC) <span class="hlt">system</span> is now in the detailed design and fabrication phase. This paper gives an overview of a preliminary <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection and error handling philosophy in AIPS.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Tecto..30.6004S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Tecto..30.6004S"><span>Structure, paleogeographic inheritance, and deformation history of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Atlas foreland fold and thrust belt of Tunisia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>SaïD, Aymen; Baby, Patrice; Chardon, Dominique; Ouali, Jamel</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Structural analysis of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Tunisian Atlas was carried out using field observation, seismic interpretation, and cross section balancing. It shows a mix of thick-skinned and thin-skinned tectonics with lateral variations in regional structural geometry and amounts of shortening controlled by NW-SE oblique ramps and tear <span class="hlt">faults</span>. It confirms the role of the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic rifting inheritance in the structuring of the active foreland fold and thrust belt of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Tunisian Atlas, in particular in the development of NW-SE oblique structures such as the Gafsa <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The Late Triassic-Early Jurassic structural pattern is characterized by a family of first-order NW-SE trending normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> dipping to the east and by second-order E-W trending normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> limiting a complex <span class="hlt">system</span> of grabens and horsts. These <span class="hlt">faults</span> have been inverted during two contractional tectonic events. The first event occurred between the middle Turonian and the late Maastrichtian and can be correlated with the onset of the convergence between Africa and Eurasia. The second event corresponding to the principal shortening tectonic event in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Atlas started in the Serravalian-Tortonian and is still active. During the Neogene, the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Atlas foreland fold and thrust belt propagated on the evaporitic décollement level infilling the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic rift. The major Eocene "Atlas event," described in hinterland domains and in eastern Tunisia, did not deform significantly the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Tunisian Atlas, which corresponded in this period to a backbulge broad depozone.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.S51D..08C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.S51D..08C"><span>New Methodologies Applied to Seismic Hazard Assessment in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Calabria (Italy)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Console, R.; Chiappini, M.; Speranza, F.; Carluccio, R.; Greco, M.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Although it is generally recognized that the M7+ 1783 and 1908 Calabria earthquakes were caused by normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> rupturing the upper crust of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Calabria-Peloritani area, no consensus exists on seismogenic source location and orientation. A recent high-resolution low-altitude aeromagnetic survey of <span class="hlt">southern</span> Calabria and Messina straits suggested that the sources of the 1783 and 1908 earthquakes are en echelon <span class="hlt">faults</span> belonging to the same NW dipping normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> straddling the whole <span class="hlt">southern</span> Calabria. The application of a newly developed physics-based earthquake simulator to the active <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> modeled by the data obtained from the aeromagnetic survey and other recent geological studies has allowed the production of catalogs lasting 100,000 years and containing more than 25,000 events of magnitudes ≥ 4.0. The algorithm on which this simulator is based is constrained by several physical elements as: (a) an average slip rate due to tectonic loading for every single segment in the investigated <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, (b) the process of rupture growth and termination, leading to a self-organized earthquake magnitude distribution, and (c) interaction between earthquake sources, including small magnitude events. Events nucleated in one segment are allowed to expand into neighboring segments, if they are separated by a given maximum range of distance. The application of our simulation algorithm to Calabria region provides typical features in time, space and magnitude behaviour of the seismicity, which can be compared with those of the real observations. These features include long-term pseudo-periodicity and clustering of strong earthquakes, and a realistic earthquake magnitude distribution departing from the Gutenberg-Richter distribution in the moderate and higher magnitude range. Lastly, as an example of a possible use of synthetic catalogs, an attenuation law has been applied to all the events reported in the synthetic catalog for the production of maps</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IJC....90.2253Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IJC....90.2253Z"><span>Adaptive robust <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant control for linear MIMO <span class="hlt">systems</span> with unmatched uncertainties</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Kangkang; Jiang, Bin; Yan, Xing-Gang; Mao, Zehui</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>In this paper, two novel <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant control design approaches are proposed for linear MIMO <span class="hlt">systems</span> with actuator additive <span class="hlt">faults</span>, multiplicative <span class="hlt">faults</span> and unmatched uncertainties. For time-varying multiplicative and additive <span class="hlt">faults</span>, new adaptive laws and additive compensation functions are proposed. A set of conditions is developed such that the unmatched uncertainties are compensated by actuators in control. On the other hand, for unmatched uncertainties with their projection in unmatched space being not zero, based on a (vector) relative degree condition, additive functions are designed to compensate for the uncertainties from output channels in the presence of actuator <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The developed <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant control schemes are applied to two aircraft <span class="hlt">systems</span> to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approaches.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19960000402&hterms=spices&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3Dspices','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19960000402&hterms=spices&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3Dspices"><span>Artificial neural network application for space station power <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Momoh, James A.; Oliver, Walter E.; Dias, Lakshman G.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>This study presents a methodology for <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis using a Two-Stage Artificial Neural Network Clustering Algorithm. Previously, SPICE models of a 5-bus DC power distribution <span class="hlt">system</span> with assumed constant output power during contingencies from the DDCU were used to evaluate the ANN's <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis capabilities. This on-going study uses EMTP models of the components (distribution lines, SPDU, TPDU, loads) and power sources (DDCU) of Space Station Alpha's electrical Power Distribution <span class="hlt">System</span> as a basis for the ANN <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnostic tool. The results from the two studies are contrasted. In the event of a major <span class="hlt">fault</span>, ground controllers need the ability to identify the type of <span class="hlt">fault</span>, isolate the <span class="hlt">fault</span> to the orbital replaceable unit level and provide the necessary information for the power management expert <span class="hlt">system</span> to optimally determine a degraded-mode load schedule. To accomplish these goals, the electrical power distribution <span class="hlt">system</span>'s architecture can be subdivided into three major classes: DC-DC converter to loads, DC Switching Unit (DCSU) to Main bus Switching Unit (MBSU), and Power Sources to DCSU. Each class which has its own electrical characteristics and operations, requires a unique <span class="hlt">fault</span> analysis philosophy. This study identifies these philosophies as Riddles 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The results of the on-going study addresses Riddle-1. It is concluded in this study that the combination of the EMTP models of the DDCU, distribution cables and electrical loads yields a more accurate model of the behavior and in addition yielded more accurate <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis using ANN versus the results obtained with the SPICE models.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28981437','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28981437"><span>Robust <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Detection for Switched Fuzzy <span class="hlt">Systems</span> With Unknown Input.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Han, Jian; Zhang, Huaguang; Wang, Yingchun; Sun, Xun</p> <p>2017-10-03</p> <p>This paper investigates the <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection problem for a class of switched nonlinear <span class="hlt">systems</span> in the T-S fuzzy framework. The unknown input is considered in the <span class="hlt">systems</span>. A novel <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection unknown input observer design method is proposed. Based on the proposed observer, the unknown input can be removed from the <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection residual. The weighted H∞ performance level is considered to ensure the robustness. In addition, the weighted H₋ performance level is introduced, which can increase the sensibility of the proposed detection method. To verify the proposed scheme, a numerical simulation example and an electromechanical <span class="hlt">system</span> simulation example are provided at the end of this paper.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1817588V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1817588V"><span>Upper crustal <span class="hlt">fault</span> reactivation and the potential of triggered earthquakes on the Atacama <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>, N-Chile</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Victor, Pia; Ewiak, Oktawian; Thomas, Ziegenhagen; Monika, Sobiesiak; Bernd, Schurr; Gabriel, Gonzalez; Onno, Oncken</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The Atacama <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> (AFS) is an active trench-parallel <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, located in the forearc of N-Chile directly above the subduction zone interface. Due to its well-exposed position in the hyper arid forearc of N-Chile it is the perfect target to investigate the interaction between the deformation cycle in the overriding forearc and the subduction zone seismic cycle of the underlying megathrust. Although the AFS and large parts of the upper crust are devoid of any noteworthy seismicity, at least three M=7 earthquakes in the past 10 ky have been documented in the paleoseismological record, demonstrating the potential of large events in the future. We apply a two-fold approach to explore <span class="hlt">fault</span> activation and reactivation patterns through time and to investigate the triggering potential of upper crustal <span class="hlt">faults</span>. 1) A new methodology using high-resolution topographic data allows us to investigate the number of past earthquakes for any given segment of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> as well as the amount of vertical displacement of the last increment. This provides us with a detailed dataset of past earthquake rupture of upper plate <span class="hlt">faults</span> which is potentially linked to large subduction zone earthquakes. 2) The IPOC Creepmeter array (http://www.ipoc-network.org/index.php/observatory/creepmeter.html) provides us with high-resolution time series of <span class="hlt">fault</span> displacement accumulation for 11 stations along the 4 most active branches of the AFS. This array monitors the displacement across the <span class="hlt">fault</span> with 2 samples/min with a resolution of 1μm. Collocated seismometers record the seismicity at two of the creepmeters, whereas the regional seismicity is provided by the IPOC Seismological Networks. Continuous time series of the creepmeter stations since 2009 show that the shallow segments of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> do not creep permanently. Instead the accumulation of permanent deformation occurs by triggered slip caused by local or remote earthquakes. The 2014 Mw=8.2 Pisagua Earthquake, located close to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MSSP...72..105C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MSSP...72..105C"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> detection in rotor bearing <span class="hlt">systems</span> using time frequency techniques</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chandra, N. Harish; Sekhar, A. S.</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Faults</span> such as misalignment, rotor cracks and rotor to stator rub can exist collectively in rotor bearing <span class="hlt">systems</span>. It is an important task for rotor dynamic personnel to monitor and detect <span class="hlt">faults</span> in rotating machinery. In this paper, the rotor startup vibrations are utilized to solve the <span class="hlt">fault</span> identification problem using time frequency techniques. Numerical simulations are performed through finite element analysis of the rotor bearing <span class="hlt">system</span> with individual and collective combinations of <span class="hlt">faults</span> as mentioned above. Three signal processing tools namely Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT), Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) are compared to evaluate their detection performance. The effect of addition of Signal to Noise ratio (SNR) on three time frequency techniques is presented. The comparative study is focused towards detecting the least possible level of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> induced and the computational time consumed. The computation time consumed by HHT is very less when compared to CWT based diagnosis. However, for noisy data CWT is more preferred over HHT. To identify <span class="hlt">fault</span> characteristics using wavelets a procedure to adjust resolution of the mother wavelet is presented in detail. Experiments are conducted to obtain the run-up data of a rotor bearing setup for diagnosis of shaft misalignment and rotor stator rubbing <span class="hlt">faults</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMNH23A0213N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMNH23A0213N"><span>Continuous Fine-<span class="hlt">Fault</span> Estimation with Real-Time GNSS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Norford, B. B.; Melbourne, T. I.; Szeliga, W. M.; Santillan, V. M.; Scrivner, C.; Senko, J.; Larsen, D.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Thousands of real-time telemetered GNSS stations operate throughout the circum-Pacific that may be used for rapid earthquake characterization and estimation of local tsunami excitation. We report on the development of a GNSS-based finite-<span class="hlt">fault</span> inversion <span class="hlt">system</span> that continuously estimates slip using real-time GNSS position streams from the Cascadia subduction zone and which is being expanded throughout the circum-Pacific. The <span class="hlt">system</span> uses 1 Hz precise point position streams computed in the ITRF14 reference frame using clock and satellite orbit corrections from the IGS. The software is implemented as seven independent modules that filter time series using Kalman filters, trigger and estimate coseismic offsets, invert for slip using a non-negative least squares method developed by Lawson and Hanson (1974) and elastic half-space Green's Functions developed by Okada (1985), smooth the results temporally and spatially, and write the resulting streams of time-dependent slip to a RabbitMQ messaging server for use by downstream modules such as tsunami excitation modules. Additional <span class="hlt">fault</span> models can be easily added to the <span class="hlt">system</span> for other circum-Pacific subduction zones as additional real-time GNSS data become available. The <span class="hlt">system</span> is currently being tested using data from well-recorded earthquakes including the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, the 2010 Maule earthquake, the 2015 Illapel earthquake, the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake, the 2014 Iquique earthquake, the 2010 Mentawai earthquake, the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake, the 2016 Ecuador earthquake, the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, and others. Test data will be fed to the <span class="hlt">system</span> and the resultant earthquake characterizations will be compared with published earthquake parameters. Seismic events will be assumed to occur on major <span class="hlt">faults</span>, so, for example, only the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> will be considered in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California, while the hundreds of other <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the region will be ignored. Rake will be constrained along each subfault to be</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.T11E..05J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.T11E..05J"><span>Effects of <span class="hlt">Faults</span> on Petroleum Fluid Dynamics, Borderland Basins of <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jung, B.; Garven, G.; Boles, J. R.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Multiphase flow modeling provides a useful quantitative tool for understanding crustal processes such as petroleum migration in geological <span class="hlt">systems</span>, and also for characterizing subsurface environmental issues such as carbon sequestration in sedimentary basins. However, accurate modeling of multi-fluid behavior is often difficult because of the various coupled and nonlinear physics affecting multiphase fluid saturation and migration, including effects of capillarity and relative permeability, anisotropy and heterogeneity of the medium, and the effects of pore pressure, composition, and temperature on fluid properties. Regional <span class="hlt">fault</span> structures also play a strong role in controlling fluid pathlines and mobility, so considering hydrogeologic effects of these structures is critical for testing exploration concepts, and for predicting the fate of injected fluids. To address these issues on spatially large and long temporal scales, we have developed a 2-D multiphase fluid flow model, coupled to heat flow, using a hybrid finite element and finite volume method. We have had good success in applying the multiphase flow model to fundamental issues of long-distance petroleum migration and accumulation in the Los Angeles basin, which is intensely <span class="hlt">faulted</span> and disturbed by transpressional tectonic stresses, and host to the world's richest oil accumulation. To constrain the model, known subsurface geology and <span class="hlt">fault</span> structures were rendered using geophysical logs from industry exploration boreholes and published seismic profiles. Plausible multiphase model parameters were estimated, either from known <span class="hlt">fault</span> permeability measurements in similar strata in the Santa Barbara basin, and from known formation properties obtained from numerous oil fields in the Los Angeles basin. Our simulations show that a combination of continuous hydrocarbon generation and primary migration from upper Miocene source rocks in the central LA basin synclinal region, coupled with a subsiding basin fluid</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910001638','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910001638"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> diagnosis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Abbott, Kathy</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>The objective of the research in this area of <span class="hlt">fault</span> management is to develop and implement a decision aiding concept for diagnosing <span class="hlt">faults</span>, especially <span class="hlt">faults</span> which are difficult for pilots to identify, and to develop methods for presenting the diagnosis information to the flight crew in a timely and comprehensible manner. The requirements for the diagnosis concept were identified by interviewing pilots, analyzing actual incident and accident cases, and examining psychology literature on how humans perform diagnosis. The diagnosis decision aiding concept developed based on those requirements takes abnormal sensor readings as input, as identified by a <span class="hlt">fault</span> monitor. Based on these abnormal sensor readings, the diagnosis concept identifies the cause or source of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> and all components affected by the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. This concept was implemented for diagnosis of aircraft propulsion and hydraulic subsystems in a computer program called Draphys (Diagnostic Reasoning About Physical <span class="hlt">Systems</span>). Draphys is unique in two important ways. First, it uses models of both functional and physical relationships in the subsystems. Using both models enables the diagnostic reasoning to identify the <span class="hlt">fault</span> propagation as the <span class="hlt">faulted</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> continues to operate, and to diagnose physical damage. Draphys also reasons about behavior of the <span class="hlt">faulted</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> over time, to eliminate possibilities as more information becomes available, and to update the <span class="hlt">system</span> status as more components are affected by the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The crew interface research is examining display issues associated with presenting diagnosis information to the flight crew. One study examined issues for presenting <span class="hlt">system</span> status information. One lesson learned from that study was that pilots found <span class="hlt">fault</span> situations to be more complex if they involved multiple subsystems. Another was pilots could identify the <span class="hlt">faulted</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> more quickly if the <span class="hlt">system</span> status was presented in pictorial or text format. Another study is currently under way to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013IJEEP..14..375L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013IJEEP..14..375L"><span>A Solid-State <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Current Limiting Device for VSC-HVDC <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Larruskain, D. Marene; Zamora, Inmaculada; Abarrategui, , Oihane; Iturregi, Araitz</p> <p>2013-08-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Faults</span> in the DC circuit constitute one of the main limitations of voltage source converter VSC-HVDC <span class="hlt">systems</span>, as the high <span class="hlt">fault</span> currents can damage seriously the converters. In this article, a new design for a <span class="hlt">fault</span> current limiter (FCL) is proposed, which is capable of limiting the <span class="hlt">fault</span> current as well as interrupting it, isolating the DC grid. The operation of the proposed FCL is analysed and verified with the most usual <span class="hlt">faults</span> that can occur in overhead lines.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19960022972&hterms=deep+neural+network&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Ddeep%2Bneural%2Bnetwork','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19960022972&hterms=deep+neural+network&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Ddeep%2Bneural%2Bnetwork"><span>SSME <span class="hlt">fault</span> monitoring and diagnosis expert <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ali, Moonis; Norman, Arnold M.; Gupta, U. K.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>An expert <span class="hlt">system</span>, called LEADER, has been designed and implemented for automatic learning, detection, identification, verification, and correction of anomalous propulsion <span class="hlt">system</span> operations in real time. LEADER employs a set of sensors to monitor engine component performance and to detect, identify, and validate abnormalities with respect to varying engine dynamics and behavior. Two diagnostic approaches are adopted in the architecture of LEADER. In the first approach <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis is performed through learning and identifying engine behavior patterns. LEADER, utilizing this approach, generates few hypotheses about the possible abnormalities. These hypotheses are then validated based on the SSME design and functional knowledge. The second approach directs the processing of engine sensory data and performs reasoning based on the SSME design, functional knowledge, and the deep-level knowledge, i.e., the first principles (physics and mechanics) of SSME subsystems and components. This paper describes LEADER's architecture which integrates a design based reasoning approach with neural network-based <span class="hlt">fault</span> pattern matching techniques. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis results obtained through the analyses of SSME ground test data are presented and discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMMR33A2677Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMMR33A2677Z"><span>Gas Resource Potential of Volcanic Reservoir in Yingtai <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Depression of <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Songliao Basin,China</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zheng, M.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>There are 2 kinds of volcanic reservoir of gas resource in the Yingtai <span class="hlt">fault</span> depression, <span class="hlt">southern</span> Songliao basin,China: volcanic lava reservoir in the Yingcheng-1formation and sedimentary pryoclastics rock of the Yingcheng-2 formation. Based on analysis of the 2 kinds of gas pool features and controlling factors, distribution of each kind has been studied. The resources of these gas reservoirs have been estimated by Delphi method and volumetric method, respectively. The results of resources assessment show the total volcanic gas resources of the Yingtai depression is rich, and the resource proving rate is low, with the remaining gas resource in volcanic reservoir accounting for more than 70%. Thus there will be great exploration potential in the volcanic reservoir in the future gas exploration of this area.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45.3043H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45.3043H"><span>Crustal Deformation across the Jericho Valley Section of the Dead Sea <span class="hlt">Fault</span> as Resolved by Detailed Field and Geodetic Observations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hamiel, Yariv; Piatibratova, Oksana; Mizrahi, Yaakov; Nahmias, Yoav; Sagy, Amir</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Detailed field and geodetic observations of crustal deformation across the Jericho <span class="hlt">Fault</span> section of the Dead Sea <span class="hlt">Fault</span> are presented. New field observations reveal several slip episodes that rupture the surface, consist with strike slip and extensional deformation along a <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone width of about 200 m. Using dense Global Positioning <span class="hlt">System</span> measurements, we obtain the velocities of new stations across the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. We find that this section is locked for strike-slip motion with a locking depth of 16.6 ± 7.8 km and a slip rate of 4.8 ± 0.7 mm/year. The Global Positioning <span class="hlt">System</span> measurements also indicate asymmetrical extension at shallow depths of the Jericho <span class="hlt">Fault</span> section, between 0.3 and 3 km. Finally, our results suggest the vast majority of the sinistral slip along the Dead Sea <span class="hlt">Fault</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> Jorden Valley is accommodated by the Jericho <span class="hlt">Fault</span> section.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T22B..04C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T22B..04C"><span>Normal <span class="hlt">Fault</span> and Tensile Fissure Network Development Around an Off-Axis Silica-Rich Volcanic Dome of the Alarcon Rise, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Gulf of California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Contreras, J.; Vega-Ramirez, L. A.; Spelz, R. M.; Portner, R. A.; Clague, D. A.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute collected in 2012 and 2015 high-resolution (1 m horizontal/0.2 m vertical) bathymetry data in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Gulf of California using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) that bring to light an extensive array of normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> and fissures cutting lava domes and smaller volcanic cones, pillow mounds and lava sheet flows of variable compositions along the Alarcon rise. Active <span class="hlt">faulting</span> and fissure growth in the transition between the neovolcanic zone and adjacent axial summit trough, in a 6.9 x 1.5 km2 area at the NE segment of the rise, developed at some point between 6 Ka B.P. (14C) and the present time. We performed a population analysis of fracture networks imaged by the AUV that reveal contrasting scaling attributes between mode I (opening) and mode III (shearing) extensional structures. Opening-mode fractures are spatially constrained to narrow bands 400 m wide. The youngest set developed on pillow lavas 800 yr old (14C) of the neovolcanic zone. Regions of normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> propagation by anti-plane shearing alternate with the tensile-fracture growth areas. This provides evidence for permutations in space of the stress field across the ridge axis. Moreover, <span class="hlt">fault</span>-length frequency plots for both fracture networks show that opening-mode fractures are best fit using an exponential relationship whereas normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> are best fit using a power-law relationship. These size distributions indicate tensile fractures rapidly reached a saturated state in which large fractures (102 m) accommodate most of the strain and appear to be constrained to a thin mechanical/thermal layer. <span class="hlt">Faults</span>, by contrast, have slowly evolved to a state of self-organization characterized by growth by linkage with neighboring <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the strike direction forming <span class="hlt">fault</span> arrays with a maximum length of 2km. We also analyzed the development of <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the vicinity of an off-axis rhyolitic dome. We find that <span class="hlt">faults</span> have asymmetric, half-restricted slip</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.T21B0413G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.T21B0413G"><span>Surface Break-through by Repeated Seismic Slip During Compressional Inversion of an Inherited <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. The Ostler <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, South Island, New Zealand</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ghisetti, F. C.; Gorman, A. R.</p> <p>2006-12-01</p> <p>Shortening across the plate boundary in the South Island of New Zealand is accommodated not just along the right-lateral transpressive Alpine <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, but also on an array of N-S reverse <span class="hlt">faults</span> in both the Australian and Pacific crust. The Ostler <span class="hlt">Fault</span> is such a structure, developed in the piedmont of the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alps, east of the Alpine <span class="hlt">Fault</span>. The question addressed here is whether the <span class="hlt">fault</span> is an entirely new structure formed in the current stress regime, or a reactivated <span class="hlt">fault</span> inherited from earlier episodes of deformation. New data on the geometry and deformation history of the Ostler <span class="hlt">Fault</span> have been acquired by integrating surface geological mapping (scale 1:25,000), structural and morphotectonic investigations, and two seismic reflection profiles across the most active segments of the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The geological and morphotectonic data constrain the long-term evolution of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> coeval with deposition of a late Pliocene-Pleistocene lacustrine-fluvial terrestrial sequence, and the overlying glacial and peri-glacial deposits 128-186 to 16-18 ka old. Sets of <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarps define a segmented zone (50 km long and 2-3 km wide) of N-S reverse <span class="hlt">faults</span> dipping 50° W, with a strongly deformed hanging wall panel, where the uplifted terrestrial units are uplifted, back-tilted up to 60° W, and folded. Gradients in elevation and thickness of the hanging wall sequence, shifting of crosscutting paleodrainages, and younging age of displaced markers, all consistently indicate the progressive propagation of the surface trace of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> from south to north over many seismic cycles. The interpretation of the new seismic reflection profiles, consistent with existing gravity data and surface geology, suggests that the Ostler <span class="hlt">Fault</span> belongs to a set of sub-parallel splays joining, at depths of > 1.5-2 km, a buried high-angle normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> that underwent compressional reactivation during sedimentation of the Plio-Pleistocene and Holocene cover sequence. Repeated reactivation of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19920014122','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19920014122"><span>Intelligent <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation and diagnosis for communication satellite <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Tallo, Donald P.; Durkin, John; Petrik, Edward J.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>Discussed here is a prototype diagnosis expert <span class="hlt">system</span> to provide the Advanced Communication Technology Satellite (ACTS) <span class="hlt">System</span> with autonomous diagnosis capability. The <span class="hlt">system</span>, the <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Isolation and Diagnosis EXpert (FIDEX) <span class="hlt">system</span>, is a frame-based <span class="hlt">system</span> that uses hierarchical structures to represent such items as the satellite's subsystems, components, sensors, and <span class="hlt">fault</span> states. This overall frame architecture integrates the hierarchical structures into a lattice that provides a flexible representation scheme and facilitates <span class="hlt">system</span> maintenance. FIDEX uses an inexact reasoning technique based on the incrementally acquired evidence approach developed by Shortliffe. The <span class="hlt">system</span> is designed with a primitive learning ability through which it maintains a record of past diagnosis studies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S21C0752R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S21C0752R"><span>Mapping offshore portions of the Khlong Marui and Ranong <span class="hlt">faults</span> in Thailand: Implications for seismic hazards in the Thai peninsula</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ramirez, H.; Furlong, K.; Pananont, P.; Krastel, S.; Nhongkai, S. N.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Thailand experiences Mw < 6.5 earthquakes, but the frequency of these earthquakes is considerably less within Thailand than at plate boundaries. <span class="hlt">Faults</span> in Thailand that are potentially active, but have not historically hosted a large earthquake pose an unknown seismic hazard. Two such <span class="hlt">faults</span> are the Khlong Marui and Ranong <span class="hlt">faults</span>, which are left lateral strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> that strike northeast across the Thai peninsula and have been assumed to continue into the Andaman Sea. The Ranong and Khlong Marui <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones have clear surface expression onshore, but their offshore extent is unknown. An estimated 100 km of sinistral displacement has occurred in the last 52 million years on the Ranong <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone and the Khlong Marui <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone is assumed to be similar (Watkinson et al., 2008; Kornsawan and Morley, 2002). Five Mw < 4.5 earthquakes have occurred near the inferred offshore extension of the Ranong and Khlong Marui <span class="hlt">faults</span> since 2005. However, the maximum earthquake magnitude possible and recurrence interval of events on these <span class="hlt">faults</span> is unconstrained, leaving <span class="hlt">southern</span> Thailand unprepared for a Mw < 6 earthquake. To constrain the location of offshore portion of these two <span class="hlt">faults</span> we performed a marine seismic reflection survey in the Andaman Sea, and construct an offshore <span class="hlt">fault</span> map. Additionally, we are working to resolve the depth extent of displacement associated with <span class="hlt">faulting</span> in the seismic data to constrain the timing of <span class="hlt">fault</span> motion. Using empirical scaling between <span class="hlt">fault</span> area and earthquake size we will be able to estimate a maximum earthquake magnitude for the Ranong and Khlong Marui <span class="hlt">faults</span>. This will provide additional information to help <span class="hlt">southern</span> Thailand prepare for potential seismic events. Kornsawan, A., & Morley, C. K. (2002). The origin and evolution of complex transfer zones (graben shifts) in conjugate <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> around the Funan Field, Pattani Basin, Gulf of Thailand. Journal of Structural Geology, 24(3), 435-449. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0191- 8141</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035283','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035283"><span>Early Tertiary transtension-related deformation and magmatism along the Tintina <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, Alaska</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Till, A.B.; Roeske, S.M.; Bradley, D.C.; Friedman, R.; Layer, P.W.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Transtensional deformation was concentrated in a zone adjacent to the Tintina strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> in Alaska during the early Tertiary. The deformation occurred along the Victoria Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span>, the trace of the Tintina <span class="hlt">system</span> that connects it with the Kaltag <span class="hlt">fault</span>; together the Tintina and Kaltag <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> girdle Alaska from east to west. Over an area of ???25 by 70 km between the Victoria Creek and Tozitna <span class="hlt">faults</span>, bimodal volcanics erupted; lacustrine and fluvial rocks were deposited; plutons were emplaced and deformed; and metamorphic rocks cooled, all at about the same time. Plutonic and volcanic rocks in this zone yield U-Pb zircon ages of ca. 60 Ma; 40Ar/ 39Ar cooling ages from those plutons and adjacent metamorphic rocks are also ca. 60 Ma. Although early Tertiary magmatism occurred over a broad area in central Alaska, meta- morphism and ductile deformation accompanied that magmatism in this one zone only. Within the zone of deformation, pluton aureoles and metamorphic rocks display consistent NE-SW-stretching lineations parallel to the Victoria Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span>, suggesting that deformation processes involved subhorizontal elongation of the package. The most deeply buried metamorphic rocks, kyanite-bearing metapelites, occur as lenses adjacent to the <span class="hlt">fault</span>, which cuts the crust to the Moho (Beaudoin et al., 1997). Geochronologic data and field relationships suggest that the amount of early Tertiary exhumation was greatest adjacent to the Victoria Creek <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The early Tertiary crustal-scale events that may have operated to produce transtension in this area are (1) increased heat flux and related bimodal within-plate magmatism, (2) movement on a releasing stepover within the Tintina <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> or on a regional scale involving both the Tintina and the Kobuk <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span>, and (3) oroclinal bending of the Tintina-Kaltag <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> with counterclockwise rotation of western Alaska. ?? 2007 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/39081','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/39081"><span><span class="hlt">Southern</span> Pine Beetle Information <span class="hlt">System</span> (SPBIS)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Valli Peacher</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">southern</span> pine beetle (SPB) is the most destructive forest insect in the South. The SPB attacks all species of <span class="hlt">southern</span> pine, but loblolly and shortleaf are most susceptible. The <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Pine Beetle Information <span class="hlt">System</span> (SPBIS) is the computerized database used by the national forests in the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Region for tracking individual <span class="hlt">southern</span> pine beetle infestations....</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160008902','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160008902"><span>Qualitative <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Isolation of Hybrid <span class="hlt">Systems</span>: A Structural Model Decomposition-Based Approach</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bregon, Anibal; Daigle, Matthew; Roychoudhury, Indranil</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Quick and robust <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis is critical to ensuring safe operation of complex engineering <span class="hlt">systems</span>. A large number of techniques are available to provide <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis in <span class="hlt">systems</span> with continuous dynamics. However, many <span class="hlt">systems</span> in aerospace and industrial environments are best represented as hybrid <span class="hlt">systems</span> that consist of discrete behavioral modes, each with its own continuous dynamics. These hybrid dynamics make the on-line <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis task computationally more complex due to the large number of possible <span class="hlt">system</span> modes and the existence of autonomous mode transitions. This paper presents a qualitative <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation framework for hybrid <span class="hlt">systems</span> based on structural model decomposition. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation is performed by analyzing the qualitative information of the residual deviations. However, in hybrid <span class="hlt">systems</span> this process becomes complex due to possible existence of observation delays, which can cause observed deviations to be inconsistent with the expected deviations for the current mode in the <span class="hlt">system</span>. The great advantage of structural model decomposition is that (i) it allows to design residuals that respond to only a subset of the <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and (ii) every time a mode change occurs, only a subset of the residuals will need to be reconfigured, thus reducing the complexity of the reasoning process for isolation purposes. To demonstrate and test the validity of our approach, we use an electric circuit simulation as the case study.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22938129','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22938129"><span>A no-<span class="hlt">fault</span> compensation <span class="hlt">system</span> for medical injury is long overdue.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Weisbrot, David; Breen, Kerry J</p> <p>2012-09-03</p> <p>The 2011 report of the Productivity Commission (PC) recommended the establishment of a no-<span class="hlt">fault</span> national injury insurance scheme limited to "catastrophic" injury, including medical injury. The report is welcome, but represents a missed opportunity to establish simultaneously a much-needed no-<span class="hlt">fault</span> scheme for all medical injuries. The existing indemnity scheme based on negligence remains a slow, costly, inefficient, ill targeted and stress-creating <span class="hlt">system</span>. A <span class="hlt">fault</span>-based negligence scheme cannot deter non-intentional errors and does little to identify or prevent <span class="hlt">systems</span> failures. In addition, it discourages reporting, and thus is antithetical to the modern focus on universal patient safety. A no-<span class="hlt">fault</span> scheme has the potential to be fairer, quicker and no more costly, and to contribute to patient safety. No-<span class="hlt">fault</span> schemes have been in place in at least six developed countries for many years. This extensive experience in comparable countries should be examined to assist Australia to design an effective, comprehensive <span class="hlt">system</span>. Before implementing the recommendations of the PC, the federal government should ask the Commission to study and promptly report on an ancillary no-<span class="hlt">fault</span> scheme that covers all medical injury.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19920013042','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19920013042"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> tolerance of artificial neural networks with applications in critical <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Protzel, Peter W.; Palumbo, Daniel L.; Arras, Michael K.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>This paper investigates the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance characteristics of time continuous recurrent artificial neural networks (ANN) that can be used to solve optimization problems. The principle of operations and performance of these networks are first illustrated by using well-known model problems like the traveling salesman problem and the assignment problem. The ANNs are then subjected to 13 simultaneous 'stuck at 1' or 'stuck at 0' <span class="hlt">faults</span> for network sizes of up to 900 'neurons'. The effects of these <span class="hlt">faults</span> is demonstrated and the cause for the observed <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance is discussed. An application is presented in which a network performs a critical task for a real-time distributed processing <span class="hlt">system</span> by generating new task allocations during the reconfiguration of the <span class="hlt">system</span>. The performance degradation of the ANN under the presence of <span class="hlt">faults</span> is investigated by large-scale simulations, and the potential benefits of delegating a critical task to a <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant network are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPS...378..646L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPS...378..646L"><span>Data-driven simultaneous <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis for solid oxide fuel cell <span class="hlt">system</span> using multi-label pattern identification</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Shuanghong; Cao, Hongliang; Yang, Yupu</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fault</span> diagnosis is a key process for the reliability and safety of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) <span class="hlt">systems</span>. However, it is difficult to rapidly and accurately identify <span class="hlt">faults</span> for complicated SOFC <span class="hlt">systems</span>, especially when simultaneous <span class="hlt">faults</span> appear. In this research, a data-driven Multi-Label (ML) pattern identification approach is proposed to address the simultaneous <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis of SOFC <span class="hlt">systems</span>. The framework of the simultaneous-<span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis primarily includes two components: feature extraction and ML-SVM classifier. The simultaneous-<span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis approach can be trained to diagnose simultaneous SOFC <span class="hlt">faults</span>, such as fuel leakage, air leakage in different positions in the SOFC <span class="hlt">system</span>, by just using simple training data sets consisting only single <span class="hlt">fault</span> and not demanding simultaneous <span class="hlt">faults</span> data. The experimental result shows the proposed framework can diagnose the simultaneous SOFC <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">faults</span> with high accuracy requiring small number training data and low computational burden. In addition, <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Inference Tree Analysis (FITA) is employed to identify the correlations among possible <span class="hlt">faults</span> and their corresponding symptoms at the <span class="hlt">system</span> component level.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140010520','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140010520"><span>A <span class="hlt">System</span> for <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Management and <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Consequences Analysis for NASA's Deep Space Habitat</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Colombano, Silvano; Spirkovska, Liljana; Baskaran, Vijaykumar; Aaseng, Gordon; McCann, Robert S.; Ossenfort, John; Smith, Irene; Iverson, David L.; Schwabacher, Mark</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>NASA's exploration program envisions the utilization of a Deep Space Habitat (DSH) for human exploration of the space environment in the vicinity of Mars and/or asteroids. Communication latencies with ground control of as long as 20+ minutes make it imperative that DSH operations be highly autonomous, as any telemetry-based detection of a <span class="hlt">systems</span> problem on Earth could well occur too late to assist the crew with the problem. A DSH-based development program has been initiated to develop and test the automation technologies necessary to support highly autonomous DSH operations. One such technology is a <span class="hlt">fault</span> management tool to support performance monitoring of vehicle <span class="hlt">systems</span> operations and to assist with real-time decision making in connection with operational anomalies and failures. Toward that end, we are developing Advanced Caution and Warning <span class="hlt">System</span> (ACAWS), a tool that combines dynamic and interactive graphical representations of spacecraft <span class="hlt">systems</span>, <span class="hlt">systems</span> modeling, automated diagnostic analysis and root cause identification, <span class="hlt">system</span> and mission impact assessment, and mitigation procedure identification to help spacecraft operators (both flight controllers and crew) understand and respond to anomalies more effectively. In this paper, we describe four major architecture elements of ACAWS: Anomaly Detection, <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Isolation, <span class="hlt">System</span> Effects Analysis, and Graphic User Interface (GUI), and how these elements work in concert with each other and with other tools to provide <span class="hlt">fault</span> management support to both the controllers and crew. We then describe recent evaluations and tests of ACAWS on the DSH testbed. The results of these tests support the feasibility and strength of our approach to failure management automation and enhanced operational autonomy</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JSG....27..871S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JSG....27..871S"><span>Geometry and kinematics of adhesive wear in brittle strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Swanson, Mark T.</p> <p>2005-05-01</p> <p>Detailed outcrop surface mapping in Late Paleozoic cataclastic strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> of coastal Maine shows that asymmetric sidewall ripouts, 0.1-200 m in length, are a significant component of many mapped <span class="hlt">faults</span> and an important wall rock deformation mechanism during <span class="hlt">faulting</span>. The geometry of these structures ranges from simple lenses to elongate slabs cut out of the sidewalls of strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> by a lateral jump of the active zone of slip during adhesion along a section of the main <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The new irregular trace of the active <span class="hlt">fault</span> after this jump creates an indenting asperity that is forced to plow through the adjoining wall rock during continued adhesion or be cut off by renewed motion along the main section of the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Ripout translation during adhesion sets up the structural asymmetry with trailing extensional and leading contractional ends to the ripout block. The inactive section of the main <span class="hlt">fault</span> trace at the trailing end can develop a 'sag' or 'half-graben' type geometry due to block movement along the scallop-shaped connecting ramp to the flanking ripout <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Leading contractional ramps can develop 'thrust' type imbrication and forces the 'humpback' geometry to the ripout slab due to distortion of the inactive main <span class="hlt">fault</span> surface by ripout translation. Similar asymmetric ripout geometries are recognized in many other major crustal scale strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones worldwide. Ripout structures in the 5-500 km length range can be found on the Atacama <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> of northern Chile, the Qujiang and Xiaojiang <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones in western China, the Yalakom-Hozameen <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone in British Columbia and the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California. For active crustal-scale <span class="hlt">faults</span> the surface expression of ripout translation includes a coupled <span class="hlt">system</span> of extensional trailing ramps as normal oblique-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> with pull-apart basin sedimentation and contractional leading ramps as oblique thrust or high angle reverse <span class="hlt">faults</span> with associated uplift and erosion. The</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.G34B..05B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.G34B..05B"><span>Detecting <span class="hlt">Faults</span> in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California using Computer-Vision Techniques and Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) Interferometry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Barba, M.; Rains, C.; von Dassow, W.; Parker, J. W.; Glasscoe, M. T.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Knowing the location and behavior of active <span class="hlt">faults</span> is essential for earthquake hazard assessment and disaster response. In Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) images, <span class="hlt">faults</span> are revealed as linear discontinuities. Currently, interferograms are manually inspected to locate <span class="hlt">faults</span>. During the summer of 2013, the NASA-JPL DEVELOP California Disasters team contributed to the development of a method to expedite <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection in California using remote-sensing technology. The team utilized InSAR images created from polarimetric L-band data from NASA's Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) project. A computer-vision technique known as 'edge-detection' was used to automate the <span class="hlt">fault</span>-identification process. We tested and refined an edge-detection algorithm under development through NASA's Earthquake Data Enhanced Cyber-Infrastructure for Disaster Evaluation and Response (E-DECIDER) project. To optimize the algorithm we used both UAVSAR interferograms and synthetic interferograms generated through Disloc, a web-based modeling program available through NASA's QuakeSim project. The edge-detection algorithm detected seismic, aseismic, and co-seismic slip along <span class="hlt">faults</span> that were identified and compared with databases of known <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span>. Our optimization process was the first step toward integration of the edge-detection code into E-DECIDER to provide decision support for earthquake preparation and disaster management. E-DECIDER partners that will use the edge-detection code include the California Earthquake Clearinghouse and the US Department of Homeland Security through delivery of products using the Unified Incident Command and Decision Support (UICDS) service. Through these partnerships, researchers, earthquake disaster response teams, and policy-makers will be able to use this new methodology to examine the details of ground and <span class="hlt">fault</span> motions for moderate to large earthquakes. Following an earthquake, the newly discovered <span class="hlt">faults</span> can</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/15004043','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/15004043"><span>Satellite-based Observation of the Tectonics of <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Tibet</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Ryerson, F J; Finkel, R; van der Woerd, J</p> <p>2003-02-06</p> <p>The Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau were formed as a result of the collision of India and Asia, and provide an excellent natural laboratory for the investigation of the mechanical response of the outer 100 km of the Earth (the lithosphere) to tectonic stress. Geophysicists are divided in their views on the nature of this response with one group advocating homogeneously distributed deformation in which the lithosphere deforms as a fluid continuum while others contend that deformation is highly localized with the lithosphere deforming as a <span class="hlt">system</span> of rigid blocks. These rigid blocks or plate undergo little internal deformation. Themore » latter group draws support from the high slip-rates recently observed on strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> along the northern edge of the Plateau (the Altyn Tagh <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, ATF), coupled with seismic observations suggesting that these <span class="hlt">faults</span> penetrate the entire lithosphere. These ''lithospheric <span class="hlt">faults</span>'' define continental lithospheric plates and facilitate the eastward extrusion of the ''central Tibet plate''. If extrusion of a rigid Tibet occurs then there must be equivalent features at its <span class="hlt">southern</span> boundary with slip-rates similar to those in the north. The <span class="hlt">southern</span> boundary of Tibet, defined by the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT), has no lateral component of motion and is therefore kinematically incompatible with motion in the north. However, a series of features, the Karakorum <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, the Karakorum-Jiali Fracture Zone (KJFZ), the Jiali <span class="hlt">Fault</span> and the Red River <span class="hlt">Fault</span> which lie to the north of the MHT may define the actual, kinematic, <span class="hlt">southern</span> boundary of this ''central Tibet plate''. We have investigated the rate of slip along the Karakorum <span class="hlt">Fault</span> (KKF), the major strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> in southwestern Tibet. If the KKF represents the actual, kinematic, <span class="hlt">southern</span> boundary of this Tibet, and is the only feature accommodating eastward extrusion of Tibet, then its slip-rate should be similar to that of the ATF in the north. Offsets along the Karakorum <span class="hlt">Fault</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70029471','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70029471"><span>Seismic reflection evidence for a northeast-dipping Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span> near Fremont, California: Implications for seismic hazard</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Williams, R.A.; Simpson, R.W.; Jachens, R.C.; Stephenson, W.J.; Odum, J.K.; Ponce, D.A.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>A 1.6-km-long seismic reflection profile across the creeping trace of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span> near Fremont, California, images the <span class="hlt">fault</span> to a depth of 650 m. Reflector truncations define a <span class="hlt">fault</span> dip of about 70 degrees east in the 100 to 650 m depth range that projects upward to the creeping surface trace, and is inconsistent with a nearly vertical <span class="hlt">fault</span> in this vicinity as previously believed. This <span class="hlt">fault</span> projects to the Mission seismicity trend located at 4-10 km depth about 2 km east of the surface trace and suggests that the <span class="hlt">southern</span> end of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> is as seismically active as the part north of San Leandro. The seismic hazard implication is that the Hayward <span class="hlt">fault</span> may have a more direct connection at depth with the Calaveras <span class="hlt">fault</span>, affecting estimates of potential event magnitudes that could occur on the combined <span class="hlt">fault</span> surfaces, thus affecting hazard assessments for the south San Francisco Bay region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Tectp.693..453F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Tectp.693..453F"><span>Structure and kinematics of the Sumatran <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> in North Sumatra (Indonesia)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fernández-Blanco, David; Philippon, Melody; von Hagke, Christoph</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Lithospheric-scale <span class="hlt">faults</span> related to oblique subduction are responsible for some of the most hazardous earthquakes reported worldwide. The mega-thrust in the Sunda sector of the Sumatran oblique subduction has been intensively studied, especially after the infamous 2004 Mw 9.1 earthquake, but its onshore kinematic complement within the Sumatran subduction, the transform Sumatran <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>, has received considerably less attention. In this paper, we apply a combination of analysis of Digital Elevation Models (ASTER GDEM) and field evidence to resolve the kinematics of the leading edge of deformation of the northern sector of the Sumatran <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>. To this end, we mapped the northernmost tip of Sumatra, including the islands to the northwest, between 4.5°N and 6°N. Here, major topographic highs are related to different <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Using field evidence and our GDEM structural mapping, we can show that in the area where the <span class="hlt">fault</span> bifurcates into two <span class="hlt">fault</span> strands, two independent kinematic regimes evolve, both consistent with the large-scale framework of the Sumatran <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>. Whereas the eastern branch is a classic Riedel <span class="hlt">system</span>, the western branch features a fold-and-thrust belt. The latter contractional feature accommodated significant amounts (c. 20%) of shortening of the <span class="hlt">system</span> in the study area. Our field observations of the tip of the NSFS match a strain pattern with a western contractional domain (Pulau Weh thrust splay) and an eastern extensional domain (Pulau Aceh Riedel <span class="hlt">system</span>), which are together characteristic of the tip of a propagating strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span>, from a mechanical viewpoint. For the first time, we describe the strain partitioning resulting from the propagation of the NSFS in Sumatra mainland. Our study helps understanding complex kinematics of an evolving strike-slip <span class="hlt">system</span>, and stresses the importance of field studies in addition to remote sensing and geophysical studies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.9176P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.9176P"><span>Kinematic analysis of recent and active <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Umbria-Marche domain, Northern Apennines, Italy: geological constraints to geodynamic models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pasqui, Valeria; Viti, Marcello; Mantovani, Enzo</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>The recent and active deformation that affects the crest zone of the Umbria-Marche belt (Northern Apennines, Italy) displays a remarkable extensional character, outlined by development of normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> sets that overprint pre-existing folds and thrusts of Late Miocene-Early Pliocene age. The main extensional <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> often bound intermontane depressions hosting recent, mainly continental, i.e. fluvial or lacustrine deposits, separating the latter from Triassic-Miocene, mainly carbonatic and siliciclastic marine rocks that belong to the Romagna-Umbria-Marche stratigraphic succession. Stratigraphic data indicate that the extensional strain responsible for the development of normal <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bounded continental basins in the outer zones of the Northern Apennines was active until Middle Pleistocene time. Since Middle Pleistocene time onwards a major geodynamic change has affected the Central Mediterranean region, with local reorganization of the kinematics in the Adria domain and adjacent Apennine belt. A wide literature illustrates that the overall deformation field of the Central Mediterranean area is presently governed by the relative movements between the Eurasia and Africa plates. The complex interaction of the Africa-Adria and the Anatolian-Aegean-Balkan domains has led the Adria microplate to migrate NW-ward and to collide against Eurasia along the Eastern <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Alps. As a consequence Adria is presently moving with a general left-lateral displacement with respect to the Apennine mountain belt. The sinistral component of active deformations is also supported by analysis of earthquake focal mechanisms. A comparison between geophysical and geological evidence outlines an apparent discrepancy: most recognized recent and active <span class="hlt">faults</span> display a remarkable extensional character, as shown by the geometry of continental basin-bounding structutes, whereas geodetic and seismologic evidence indicates the persistency of an active strike-slip, left-lateral dominated</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.T14C..08L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.T14C..08L"><span>Rise and Demise of a <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Laramide Hinterland Plateau, US-Mexico Border Region</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lawton, T. F.; Clinkscales, C. A.; Jennings, G. R.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>-west normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> are occupied by regionally widespread granitic and rhyolitic dikes ranging 34-27 Ma, yet the Oligocene volcaniclastic rocks are cut by the <span class="hlt">faults</span>, indicating that the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> was active during earliest-early late Oligocene magmatism. From the newly assembled data, we infer the presence of a high-standing plateau along the US-Mexico border that was backed by a magmatic arc in northern Mexico. The plateau was supported by lithosphere thickened during backarc contraction, which began in the interval 97-75 Ma. Although the depositional elevation of the Laramide lakes is not yet known, rivers flowed northward from the hinterland plateau toward the Uinta Basin as early as 80 Ma and corroborate the existence of a <span class="hlt">southern</span> source area. The plateau was thus a long-lived feature with a longevity of as much as 40-50 m.y. It collapsed during Paleogene N-S extension triggered by some combination of thermal weakening by Oligocene magmatism, gravitational failure, and/or retrograde motion of the Farallon slab. The <span class="hlt">southern</span> Laramide plateau was evidently linked both geographically and temporally to the Cordilleran hinterland plateau ("Nevadaplano") of Nevada and western Utah and thus constituted an important component of the greater Laramide orogen.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S13E..03K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S13E..03K"><span>Multi-<span class="hlt">Fault</span> Rupture Scenarios in the Brawley Seismic Zone</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kyriakopoulos, C.; Oglesby, D. D.; Rockwell, T. K.; Meltzner, A. J.; Barall, M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Dynamic rupture complexity is strongly affected by both the geometric configuration of a network of <span class="hlt">faults</span> and pre-stress conditions. Between those two, the geometric configuration is more likely to be anticipated prior to an event. An important factor in the unpredictability of the final rupture pattern of a group of <span class="hlt">faults</span> is the time-dependent interaction between them. Dynamic rupture models provide a means to investigate this otherwise inscrutable processes. The Brawley Seismic Zone in <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California is an area in which this approach might be important for inferring potential earthquake sizes and rupture patterns. Dynamic modeling can illuminate how the main <span class="hlt">faults</span> in this area, the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> San Andreas (SSAF) and Imperial <span class="hlt">faults</span>, might interact with the intersecting cross <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and how the cross <span class="hlt">faults</span> may modulate rupture on the main <span class="hlt">faults</span>. We perform 3D finite element modeling of potential earthquakes in this zone assuming an extended array of <span class="hlt">faults</span> (Figure). Our results include a wide range of ruptures and <span class="hlt">fault</span> behaviors depending on assumptions about nucleation location, geometric setup, pre-stress conditions, and locking depth. For example, in the majority of our models the cross <span class="hlt">faults</span> do not strongly participate in the rupture process, giving the impression that they are not typically an aid or an obstacle to the rupture propagation. However, in some cases, particularly when rupture proceeds slowly on the main <span class="hlt">faults</span>, the cross <span class="hlt">faults</span> indeed can participate with significant slip, and can even cause rupture termination on one of the main <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Furthermore, in a complex network of <span class="hlt">faults</span> we should not preclude the possibility of a large event nucleating on a smaller <span class="hlt">fault</span> (e.g. a cross <span class="hlt">fault</span>) and eventually promoting rupture on the main structure. Recent examples include the 2010 Mw 7.1 Darfield (New Zealand) and Mw 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah (Mexico) earthquakes, where rupture started on a smaller adjacent segment and later cascaded into a larger</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20030111836','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20030111836"><span>Detection of High-impedance Arcing <span class="hlt">Faults</span> in Radial Distribution DC <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gonzalez, Marcelo C.; Button, Robert M.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>High voltage, low current arcing <span class="hlt">faults</span> in DC power <span class="hlt">systems</span> have been researched at the NASA Glenn Research Center in order to develop a method for detecting these 'hidden <span class="hlt">faults</span>', in-situ, before damage to cables and components from localized heating can occur. A simple arc generator was built and high-speed and low-speed monitoring of the voltage and current waveforms, respectively, has shown that these high impedance <span class="hlt">faults</span> produce a significant increase in high frequency content in the DC bus voltage and low frequency content in the DC <span class="hlt">system</span> current. Based on these observations, an algorithm was developed using a high-speed data acquisition <span class="hlt">system</span> that was able to accurately detect high impedance arcing events induced in a single-line <span class="hlt">system</span> based on the frequency content of the DC bus voltage or the <span class="hlt">system</span> current. Next, a multi-line, radial distribution <span class="hlt">system</span> was researched to see if the arc location could be determined through the voltage information when multiple 'detectors' are present in the <span class="hlt">system</span>. It was shown that a small, passive LC filter was sufficient to reliably isolate the <span class="hlt">fault</span> to a single line in a multi-line distribution <span class="hlt">system</span>. Of course, no modification is necessary if only the current information is used to locate the arc. However, data shows that it might be necessary to monitor both the <span class="hlt">system</span> current and bus voltage to improve the chances of detecting and locating high impedance arcing <span class="hlt">faults</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18093042','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18093042"><span>Probabilistic <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree analysis of a radiation treatment <span class="hlt">system</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ekaette, Edidiong; Lee, Robert C; Cooke, David L; Iftody, Sandra; Craighead, Peter</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p>Inappropriate administration of radiation for cancer treatment can result in severe consequences such as premature death or appreciably impaired quality of life. There has been little study of vulnerable treatment process components and their contribution to the risk of radiation treatment (RT). In this article, we describe the application of probabilistic <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree methods to assess the probability of radiation misadministration to patients at a large cancer treatment center. We conducted a systematic analysis of the RT process that identified four process domains: Assessment, Preparation, Treatment, and Follow-up. For the Preparation domain, we analyzed possible incident scenarios via <span class="hlt">fault</span> trees. For each task, we also identified existing quality control measures. To populate the <span class="hlt">fault</span> trees we used subjective probabilities from experts and compared results with incident report data. Both the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree and the incident report analysis revealed simulation tasks to be most prone to incidents, and the treatment prescription task to be least prone to incidents. The probability of a Preparation domain incident was estimated to be in the range of 0.1-0.7% based on incident reports, which is comparable to the mean value of 0.4% from the <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree analysis using probabilities from the expert elicitation exercise. In conclusion, an analysis of part of the RT <span class="hlt">system</span> using a <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree populated with subjective probabilities from experts was useful in identifying vulnerable components of the <span class="hlt">system</span>, and provided quantitative data for risk management.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910016473&hterms=BPA&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DBPA','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910016473&hterms=BPA&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DBPA"><span>Delivery and application of precise timing for a traveling wave powerline <span class="hlt">fault</span> locator <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Street, Michael A.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) has successfully operated an in-house developed powerline <span class="hlt">fault</span> locator <span class="hlt">system</span> since 1986. The BPA <span class="hlt">fault</span> locator <span class="hlt">system</span> consists of remotes installed at cardinal power transmission line <span class="hlt">system</span> nodes and a central master which polls the remotes for traveling wave time-of-arrival data. A power line <span class="hlt">fault</span> produces a fast rise-time traveling wave which emanates from the <span class="hlt">fault</span> point and propagates throughout the power grid. The remotes time-tag the traveling wave leading edge as it passes through the power <span class="hlt">system</span> cardinal substation nodes. A synchronizing pulse transmitted via the BPA analog microwave <span class="hlt">system</span> on a wideband channel sychronizes the time-tagging counters in the remote units to a different accuracy of better than one microsecond. The remote units correct the raw time tags for synchronizing pulse propagation delay and return these corrected values to the <span class="hlt">fault</span> locator master. The master then calculates the power <span class="hlt">system</span> disturbance source using the collected time tags. The <span class="hlt">system</span> design objective is a <span class="hlt">fault</span> location accuracy of 300 meters. BPA's <span class="hlt">fault</span> locator <span class="hlt">system</span> operation, error producing phenomena, and method of distributing precise timing are described.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JSG...107...93S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JSG...107...93S"><span>Structural setting and kinematics of Nubian <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, SE Western Desert, Egypt: An example of multi-reactivated intraplate strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sakran, Shawky; Said, Said Mohamed</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Detailed surface geological mapping and subsurface seismic interpretation have been integrated to unravel the structural style and kinematic history of the Nubian <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> (NFS). The NFS consists of several E-W Principal Deformation Zones (PDZs) (e.g. Kalabsha <span class="hlt">fault</span>). Each PDZ is defined by spectacular E-W, WNW and ENE dextral strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span>, NNE sinistral strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span>, NE to ENE folds, and NNW normal <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Each <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone has typical self-similar strike-slip architecture comprising multi-scale <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments. Several multi-scale uplifts and basins were developed at the step-over zones between parallel strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments as a result of local extension or contraction. The NNE <span class="hlt">faults</span> consist of right-stepping sinistral strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments (e.g. Sin El Kiddab <span class="hlt">fault</span>). The NNE sinistral <span class="hlt">faults</span> extend for long distances ranging from 30 to 100 kms and cut one or two E-W PDZs. Two nearly perpendicular strike-slip tectonic regimes are recognized in the NFS; an inactive E-W Late Cretaceous - Early Cenozoic dextral transpression and an active NNE sinistral shear.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744774','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744774"><span>Robust <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection of wind energy conversion <span class="hlt">systems</span> based on dynamic neural networks.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Talebi, Nasser; Sadrnia, Mohammad Ali; Darabi, Ahmad</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Occurrence of <span class="hlt">faults</span> in wind energy conversion <span class="hlt">systems</span> (WECSs) is inevitable. In order to detect the occurred <span class="hlt">faults</span> at the appropriate time, avoid heavy economic losses, ensure safe <span class="hlt">system</span> operation, prevent damage to adjacent relevant <span class="hlt">systems</span>, and facilitate timely repair of failed components; a <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection <span class="hlt">system</span> (FDS) is required. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have gained a noticeable position in FDSs and they have been widely used for modeling of complex dynamical <span class="hlt">systems</span>. One method for designing an FDS is to prepare a dynamic neural model emulating the normal <span class="hlt">system</span> behavior. By comparing the outputs of the real <span class="hlt">system</span> and neural model, incidence of the <span class="hlt">faults</span> can be identified. In this paper, by utilizing a comprehensive dynamic model which contains both mechanical and electrical components of the WECS, an FDS is suggested using dynamic RNNs. The presented FDS detects <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the generator's angular velocity sensor, pitch angle sensors, and pitch actuators. Robustness of the FDS is achieved by employing an adaptive threshold. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is capable to detect the <span class="hlt">faults</span> shortly and it has very low false and missed alarms rate.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3972887','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3972887"><span>Robust <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Detection of Wind Energy Conversion <span class="hlt">Systems</span> Based on Dynamic Neural Networks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Talebi, Nasser; Sadrnia, Mohammad Ali; Darabi, Ahmad</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Occurrence of <span class="hlt">faults</span> in wind energy conversion <span class="hlt">systems</span> (WECSs) is inevitable. In order to detect the occurred <span class="hlt">faults</span> at the appropriate time, avoid heavy economic losses, ensure safe <span class="hlt">system</span> operation, prevent damage to adjacent relevant <span class="hlt">systems</span>, and facilitate timely repair of failed components; a <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection <span class="hlt">system</span> (FDS) is required. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have gained a noticeable position in FDSs and they have been widely used for modeling of complex dynamical <span class="hlt">systems</span>. One method for designing an FDS is to prepare a dynamic neural model emulating the normal <span class="hlt">system</span> behavior. By comparing the outputs of the real <span class="hlt">system</span> and neural model, incidence of the <span class="hlt">faults</span> can be identified. In this paper, by utilizing a comprehensive dynamic model which contains both mechanical and electrical components of the WECS, an FDS is suggested using dynamic RNNs. The presented FDS detects <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the generator's angular velocity sensor, pitch angle sensors, and pitch actuators. Robustness of the FDS is achieved by employing an adaptive threshold. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is capable to detect the <span class="hlt">faults</span> shortly and it has very low false and missed alarms rate. PMID:24744774</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007SPIE.6795E..1CY','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007SPIE.6795E..1CY"><span>Design of on-board Bluetooth wireless network <span class="hlt">system</span> based on <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant technology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>You, Zheng; Zhang, Xiangqi; Yu, Shijie; Tian, Hexiang</p> <p>2007-11-01</p> <p>In this paper, the Bluetooth wireless data transmission technology is applied in on-board computer <span class="hlt">system</span>, to realize wireless data transmission between peripherals of the micro-satellite integrating electronic <span class="hlt">system</span>, and in view of the high demand of reliability of a micro-satellite, a design of Bluetooth wireless network based on <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant technology is introduced. The reliability of two <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant <span class="hlt">systems</span> is estimated firstly using Markov model, then the structural design of this <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant <span class="hlt">system</span> is introduced; several protocols are established to make the <span class="hlt">system</span> operate correctly, some related problems are listed and analyzed, with emphasis on <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Auto-diagnosis <span class="hlt">System</span>, Active-standby switch design and Data-Integrity process.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950063442&hterms=management+information&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dmanagement%2Binformation','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950063442&hterms=management+information&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dmanagement%2Binformation"><span>Managing <span class="hlt">systems</span> <span class="hlt">faults</span> on the commercial flight deck: Analysis of pilots' organization and prioritization of <span class="hlt">fault</span> management information</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rogers, William H.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>In rare instances, flight crews of commercial aircraft must manage complex <span class="hlt">systems</span> <span class="hlt">faults</span> in addition to all their normal flight tasks. Pilot errors in <span class="hlt">fault</span> management have been attributed, at least in part, to an incomplete or inaccurate awareness of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> situation. The current study is part of a program aimed at assuring that the types of information potentially available from an intelligent <span class="hlt">fault</span> management aiding concept developed at NASA Langley called 'Faultfinde' (see Abbott, Schutte, Palmer, and Ricks, 1987) are an asset rather than a liability: additional information should improve pilot performance and aircraft safety, but it should not confuse, distract, overload, mislead, or generally exacerbate already difficult circumstances.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.T33B2223S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.T33B2223S"><span>Active <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Topography and <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Outcrops in the Central Part of the Nukumi <span class="hlt">fault</span>, the 1891 Nobi Earthquake <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span>, Central Japan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sasaki, T.; Ueta, K.; Inoue, D.; Aoyagi, Y.; Yanagida, M.; Ichikawa, K.; Goto, N.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>It is important to evaluate the magnitude of earthquake caused by multiple active <span class="hlt">faults</span>, taking into account the simultaneous effects. The simultaneity of adjacent active <span class="hlt">faults</span> are often decided on the basis of geometric distances except for known these paleoseismic records. We have been studied the step area between the Nukumi <span class="hlt">fault</span> and the Neodani <span class="hlt">fault</span>, which appeared as consecutive ruptures in the 1891 Nobi earthquake, since 2009. The purpose of this study is to establish innovation in valuation technique of the simultaneity of adjacent active <span class="hlt">faults</span> in addition to the paleoseismic record and the geometric distance. Geomorphological, geological and reconnaissance microearthquake surveys are concluded. The present work is intended to clarify the distribution of tectonic geomorphology along the Nukumi <span class="hlt">fault</span> and the Neodani <span class="hlt">fault</span> by high-resolution interpretations of airborne LiDAR DEM and aerial photograph, and the field survey of outcrops and location survey. The study area of this work is the southeastern Nukumi <span class="hlt">fault</span> and the northwestern Neodani <span class="hlt">fault</span>. We interpret DEM using shaded relief map and stereoscopic bird's-eye view made from 2m mesh DEM data which is obtained by airborne laser scanner of Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd. Aerial photographic survey is for confirmation of DEM interpretation using 1/16,000 scale photo. As a result of topographic survey, we found consecutive tectonic topography which is left lateral displacement of ridge and valley lines and reverse scarplets along the Nukumi <span class="hlt">fault</span> and the Neodani <span class="hlt">fault</span> . From Ogotani 2km southeastern of Nukumi pass which is located at the southeastern end of surface rupture along the Nukumi <span class="hlt">fault</span> by previous study to Neooppa 9km southeastern of Nukumi pass, we can interpret left lateral topographies and small uphill-facing <span class="hlt">fault</span> scarps on the terrace surface by detail DEM investigation. These topographies are unrecognized by aerial photographic survey because of heavy vegetation. We have found several new</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..263d2060S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..263d2060S"><span>Advanced cloud <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sumangali, K.; Benny, Niketa</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Cloud computing has become a prevalent on-demand service on the internet to store, manage and process data. A pitfall that accompanies cloud computing is the failures that can be encountered in the cloud. To overcome these failures, we require a <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance mechanism to abstract <span class="hlt">faults</span> from users. We have proposed a <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant architecture, which is a combination of proactive and reactive <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance. This architecture essentially increases the reliability and the availability of the cloud. In the future, we would like to compare evaluations of our proposed architecture with existing architectures and further improve it.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28899578','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28899578"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> detection for piecewise affine <span class="hlt">systems</span> with application to ship propulsion <span class="hlt">systems</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yang, Ying; Linlin, Li; Ding, Steven X; Qiu, Jianbin; Peng, Kaixiang</p> <p>2017-09-09</p> <p>In this paper, the design approach of non-synchronized diagnostic observer-based <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection (FD) <span class="hlt">systems</span> is investigated for piecewise affine processes via continuous piecewise Lyapunov functions. Considering that the dynamics of piecewise affine <span class="hlt">systems</span> in different regions can be considerably different, the weighting matrices are used to weight the residual of each region, so as to optimize the <span class="hlt">fault</span> detectability. A numerical example and a case study on a ship propulsion <span class="hlt">system</span> are presented in the end to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results. Copyright © 2017 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.G53A1124G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.G53A1124G"><span>Present-Day Strain and Rotation in the Lebanese Restraining Bend of the Dead Sea <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">System</span> Based on Analysis of GPS Velocities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gomez, F.; Jaafar, R.; Abdallah, C.; Karam, G.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>The Lebanese Restraining Bend (LRB) is a ~200-km-long bend in the central part of the Dead Sea <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> (DSFS). As with other large restraining bends, this part of the transform is characterized by more complicated structure than other parts. Additionally, results from recent GPS studies have documented slower velocities north of the LRB than are observed along the <span class="hlt">southern</span> DSFS to the south. In an effort to understand how strain is transferred through the LRB, this study analyzes improved GPS velocities within the central DSFS based on new data and additional stations. Despite relatively modest rates of seismicity, the Dead Sea <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> (DSFS) has a historically documented record of producing large and devastating earthquakes. Hence, geodetic measurements of crustal deformation may provide key constraints on processes of strain accumulation that may not be evident in instrumentally recorded seismicity. Within the LRB, the transform splays into two prominent strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span>: The through-going Yammouneh <span class="hlt">fault</span> and the Serghaya <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The latter appears to terminate in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains. Additionally, some oblique plate motion is accommodated by thrusting along the coast of Lebanon. This study used GPS observations from survey-mode GPS sites, as well as continuous GPS stations in the region. In total, 22 GPS survey sites have been measured in Lebanon between 2002 and 2010, along with GPS data from the adjacent area. Elastic models are used for initial assessment of <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip rates. Incorporating two major strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span>, as well as an offshore thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span>, this modeling suggests left-lateral slip rates of 3.8 mm/yr and 1.1 mm/yr for the Yammouneh and Serghaya <span class="hlt">faults</span>, respectively. The GPS survey network has sufficient density for analyzing velocity gradients in an effort to quantify tectonic strains and rotations. The velocity gradients suggest that differential rotations play a role in accommodating some plate motion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhyC..518..149L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhyC..518..149L"><span>Comparative study of superconducting <span class="hlt">fault</span> current limiter both for LCC-HVDC and VSC-HVDC <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lee, Jong-Geon; Khan, Umer Amir; Lim, Sung-Woo; Shin, Woo-ju; Seo, In-Jin; Lee, Bang-Wook</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) <span class="hlt">system</span> has been evaluated as the optimum solution for the renewable energy transmission and long-distance power grid connections. In spite of the various advantages of HVDC <span class="hlt">system</span>, it still has been regarded as an unreliable <span class="hlt">system</span> compared to AC <span class="hlt">system</span> due to its vulnerable characteristics on the power <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Furthermore, unlike AC <span class="hlt">system</span>, optimum protection and switching device has not been fully developed yet. Therefore, in order to enhance the reliability of the HVDC <span class="hlt">systems</span> mitigation of power <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">fault</span> and reliable <span class="hlt">fault</span> current limiting and switching devices should be developed. In this paper, in order to mitigate HVDC <span class="hlt">fault</span>, both for Line Commutated Converter HVDC (LCC-HVDC) and Voltage Source Converter HVDC (VSC-HVDC) <span class="hlt">system</span>, an application of resistive superconducting <span class="hlt">fault</span> current limiter which has been known as optimum solution to cope with the power <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">fault</span> was considered. Firstly, simulation models for two types of LCC-HVDC and VSC-HVDC <span class="hlt">system</span> which has point to point connection model were developed. From the designed model, <span class="hlt">fault</span> current characteristics of faulty condition were analyzed. Second, application of SFCL on each types of HVDC <span class="hlt">system</span> and comparative study of modified <span class="hlt">fault</span> current characteristics were analyzed. Consequently, it was deduced that an application of AC-SFCL on LCC-HVDC <span class="hlt">system</span> with point to point connection was desirable solution to mitigate the <span class="hlt">fault</span> current stresses and to prevent commutation failure in HVDC electric power <span class="hlt">system</span> interconnected with AC grid.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29360791','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29360791"><span>Simultaneous Event-Triggered <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Detection and Estimation for Stochastic <span class="hlt">Systems</span> Subject to Deception Attacks.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Yunji; Wu, QingE; Peng, Li</p> <p>2018-01-23</p> <p>In this paper, a synthesized design of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-detection filter and <span class="hlt">fault</span> estimator is considered for a class of discrete-time stochastic <span class="hlt">systems</span> in the framework of event-triggered transmission scheme subject to unknown disturbances and deception attacks. A random variable obeying the Bernoulli distribution is employed to characterize the phenomena of the randomly occurring deception attacks. To achieve a <span class="hlt">fault</span>-detection residual is only sensitive to <span class="hlt">faults</span> while robust to disturbances, a coordinate transformation approach is exploited. This approach can transform the considered <span class="hlt">system</span> into two subsystems and the unknown disturbances are removed from one of the subsystems. The gain of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-detection filter is derived by minimizing an upper bound of filter error covariance. Meanwhile, <span class="hlt">system</span> <span class="hlt">faults</span> can be reconstructed by the remote <span class="hlt">fault</span> estimator. An recursive approach is developed to obtain <span class="hlt">fault</span> estimator gains as well as guarantee the <span class="hlt">fault</span> estimator performance. Furthermore, the corresponding event-triggered sensor data transmission scheme is also presented for improving working-life of the wireless sensor node when measurement information are aperiodically transmitted. Finally, a scaled version of an industrial <span class="hlt">system</span> consisting of local PC, remote estimator and wireless sensor node is used to experimentally evaluate the proposed theoretical results. In particular, a novel <span class="hlt">fault</span>-alarming strategy is proposed so that the real-time capacity of <span class="hlt">fault</span>-detection is guaranteed when the event condition is triggered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070034850&hterms=apple&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dapple','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070034850&hterms=apple&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dapple"><span>Using the GeoFEST <span class="hlt">Faulted</span> Region Simulation <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Parker, Jay W.; Lyzenga, Gregory A.; Donnellan, Andrea; Judd, Michele A.; Norton, Charles D.; Baker, Teresa; Tisdale, Edwin R.; Li, Peggy</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>GeoFEST (the Geophysical Finite Element Simulation Tool) simulates stress evolution, <span class="hlt">fault</span> slip and plastic/elastic processes in realistic materials, and so is suitable for earthquake cycle studies in regions such as <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California. Many new capabilities and means of access for GeoFEST are now supported. New abilities include MPI-based cluster parallel computing using automatic PYRAMID/Parmetis-based mesh partitioning, automatic mesh generation for layered media with rectangular <span class="hlt">faults</span>, and results visualization that is integrated with remote sensing data. The parallel GeoFEST application has been successfully run on over a half-dozen computers, including Intel Xeon clusters, Itanium II and Altix machines, and the Apple G5 cluster. It is not separately optimized for different machines, but relies on good domain partitioning for load-balance and low communication, and careful writing of the parallel diagonally preconditioned conjugate gradient solver to keep communication overhead low. Demonstrated thousand-step solutions for over a million finite elements on 64 processors require under three hours, and scaling tests show high efficiency when using more than (order of) 4000 elements per processor. The source code and documentation for GeoFEST is available at no cost from Open Channel Foundation. In addition GeoFEST may be used through a browser-based portal environment available to approved users. That environment includes semi-automated geometry creation and mesh generation tools, GeoFEST, and RIVA-based visualization tools that include the ability to generate a flyover animation showing deformations and topography. Work is in progress to support simulation of a region with several <span class="hlt">faults</span> using 16 million elements, using a strain energy metric to adapt the mesh to faithfully represent the solution in a region of widely varying strain.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22445394','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22445394"><span>The weakest t-norm based intuitionistic fuzzy <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tree analysis to evaluate <span class="hlt">system</span> reliability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kumar, Mohit; Yadav, Shiv Prasad</p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>In this paper, a new approach of intuitionistic fuzzy <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tree analysis is proposed to evaluate <span class="hlt">system</span> reliability and to find the most critical <span class="hlt">system</span> component that affects the <span class="hlt">system</span> reliability. Here weakest t-norm based intuitionistic fuzzy <span class="hlt">fault</span> tree analysis is presented to calculate <span class="hlt">fault</span> interval of <span class="hlt">system</span> components from integrating expert's knowledge and experience in terms of providing the possibility of failure of bottom events. It applies <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tree analysis, α-cut of intuitionistic fuzzy set and T(ω) (the weakest t-norm) based arithmetic operations on triangular intuitionistic fuzzy sets to obtain <span class="hlt">fault</span> interval and reliability interval of the <span class="hlt">system</span>. This paper also modifies Tanaka et al.'s fuzzy <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tree definition. In numerical verification, a malfunction of weapon <span class="hlt">system</span> "automatic gun" is presented as a numerical example. The result of the proposed method is compared with the listing approaches of reliability analysis methods. Copyright © 2012 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950059069&hterms=1041&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3D%2526%25231041','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950059069&hterms=1041&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3D%2526%25231041"><span>FTAPE: A <span class="hlt">fault</span> injection tool to measure <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Tsai, Timothy K.; Iyer, Ravishankar K.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>The paper introduces FTAPE (<span class="hlt">Fault</span> Tolerance And Performance Evaluator), a tool that can be used to compare <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant computers. The tool combines <span class="hlt">system</span>-wide <span class="hlt">fault</span> injection with a controllable workload. A workload generator is used to create high stress conditions for the machine. <span class="hlt">Faults</span> are injected based on this workload activity in order to ensure a high level of <span class="hlt">fault</span> propagation. The errors/<span class="hlt">fault</span> ratio and performance degradation are presented as measures of <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19810059702&hterms=past+experience+attitude&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dpast%2Bexperience%253B%2Battitude','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19810059702&hterms=past+experience+attitude&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dpast%2Bexperience%253B%2Battitude"><span>A Voyager attitude control perspective on <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rasmussen, R. D.; Litty, E. C.</p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p>In current spacecraft design, a trend can be observed to achieve greater <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance through the application of on-board software dedicated to detecting and isolating failures. Whether <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance through software can meet the desired objectives depends on very careful consideration and control of the <span class="hlt">system</span> in which the software is imbedded. The considered investigation has the objective to provide some of the insight needed for the required analysis of the <span class="hlt">system</span>. A description is given of the techniques which have been developed in this connection during the development of the Voyager spacecraft. The Voyager Galileo Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem (AACS) <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant design is discussed to emphasize basic lessons learned from this experience. The central driver of hardware redundancy implementation on Voyager was known as the 'single point failure criterion'.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MSSP...87..169X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MSSP...87..169X"><span>A comparative study of sensor <span class="hlt">fault</span> diagnosis methods based on observer for ECAS <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xu, Xing; Wang, Wei; Zou, Nannan; Chen, Long; Cui, Xiaoli</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>The performance and practicality of electronically controlled air suspension (ECAS) <span class="hlt">system</span> are highly dependent on the state information supplied by kinds of sensors, but <span class="hlt">faults</span> of sensors occur frequently. Based on a non-linearized 3-DOF 1/4 vehicle model, different methods of <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection and isolation (FDI) are used to diagnose the sensor <span class="hlt">faults</span> for ECAS <span class="hlt">system</span>. The considered approaches include an extended Kalman filter (EKF) with concise algorithm, a strong tracking filter (STF) with robust tracking ability, and the cubature Kalman filter (CKF) with numerical precision. We propose three filters of EKF, STF, and CKF to design a state observer of ECAS <span class="hlt">system</span> under typical sensor <span class="hlt">faults</span> and noise. Results show that three approaches can successfully detect and isolate <span class="hlt">faults</span> respectively despite of the existence of environmental noise, FDI time delay and <span class="hlt">fault</span> sensitivity of different algorithms are different, meanwhile, compared with EKF and STF, CKF method has best performing FDI of sensor <span class="hlt">faults</span> for ECAS <span class="hlt">system</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19780023851','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19780023851"><span>Modeling of a latent <span class="hlt">fault</span> detector in a digital <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Nagel, P. M.</p> <p>1978-01-01</p> <p>Methods of modeling the detection time or latency period of a hardware <span class="hlt">fault</span> in a digital <span class="hlt">system</span> are proposed that explain how a computer detects <span class="hlt">faults</span> in a computational mode. The objectives were to study how software reacts to a <span class="hlt">fault</span>, to account for as many variables as possible affecting detection and to forecast a given program's detecting ability prior to computation. A series of experiments were conducted on a small emulated microprocessor with <span class="hlt">fault</span> injection capability. Results indicate that the detecting capability of a program largely depends on the instruction subset used during computation and the frequency of its use and has little direct dependence on such variables as <span class="hlt">fault</span> mode, number set, degree of branching and program length. A model is discussed which employs an analog with balls in an urn to explain the rate of which subsequent repetitions of an instruction or instruction set detect a given <span class="hlt">fault</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Tectp.597...85P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Tectp.597...85P"><span>The Sparta <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Greece: From segmentation and tectonic geomorphology to seismic hazard mapping and time dependent probabilities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Papanikolaοu, Ioannis D.; Roberts, Gerald P.; Deligiannakis, Georgios; Sakellariou, Athina; Vassilakis, Emmanuel</p> <p>2013-06-01</p> <p>The Sparta <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> is a major structure approximately 64 km long that bounds the eastern flank of the Taygetos Mountain front (2407 m) and shapes the present-day Sparta basin. It was activated in 464 B.C., devastating the city of Sparta. This <span class="hlt">fault</span> is examined and described in terms of its geometry, segmentation, drainage pattern and post-glacial throw, emphasising how these parameters vary along strike. Qualitative analysis of long profile catchments shows a significant difference in longitudinal convexity between the central and both the south and north parts of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, leading to the conclusion of varying uplift rate along strike. Catchments are sensitive in differential uplift as it is observed by the calculated differences of the steepness index ksn between the outer (ksn < 83) and central parts (121 < ksn < 138) of the Sparta <span class="hlt">Fault</span> along strike the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. Based on <span class="hlt">fault</span> throw-rates and the bedrock geology a seismic hazard map has been constructed that extracts a locality specific long-term earthquake recurrence record. Based on this map the town of Sparta would experience a destructive event similar to that in 464 B.C. approximately every 1792 ± 458 years. Since no other major earthquake M ~ 7.0 has been generated by this <span class="hlt">system</span> since 464 B.C., a future event could be imminent. As a result, not only time-independent but also time-dependent probabilities, which incorporate the concept of the seismic cycle, have been calculated for the town of Sparta, showing a considerably higher time-dependent probability of 3.0 ± 1.5% over the next 30 years compared to the time-independent probability of 1.66%. Half of the hanging wall area of the Sparta <span class="hlt">Fault</span> can experience intensities ≥ IX, but belongs to the lowest category of seismic risk of the national seismic building code. On view of these relatively high calculated probabilities, a reassessment of the building code might be necessary.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.9004P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.9004P"><span>The Sparta <span class="hlt">Fault</span>, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Greece: From Segmentation and Tectonic Geomorphology to Seismic Hazard Mapping and Time Dependent Probabilities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Papanikolaou, Ioannis; Roberts, Gerald; Deligiannakis, Georgios; Sakellariou, Athina; Vassilakis, Emmanuel</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>The Sparta <span class="hlt">Fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> is a major structure approximately 64 km long that bounds the eastern flank of the Taygetos Mountain front (2.407 m) and shapes the present-day Sparta basin. It was activated in 464 B.C., devastating the city of Sparta. This <span class="hlt">fault</span> is examined and described in terms of its geometry, segmentation, drainage pattern and postglacial throw, emphasizing how these parameters vary along strike. Qualitative analysis of long profile catchments shows a significant difference in longitudinal convexity between the central and both the south and north parts of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, leading to the conclusion of varying uplift rate along strike. Catchments are sensitive in differential uplift as it is observed by the calculated differences of the steepness index ksn between the outer (ksn<83) and central parts (121<ksn<138) of the Sparta <span class="hlt">fault</span> along strike the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. Based on <span class="hlt">fault</span> throw-rates and the bedrock geology a seismic hazard map has been constructed that extracts a locality specific long-term earthquake recurrence record. Based on this map the town of Sparta would experience a destructive event similar to the 464 B.C. approximately every 1792 ± 458 years. Since no other major earthquake M~7.0 has been generated by this <span class="hlt">system</span> since 464 B.C., a future event could be imminent. As a result, not only time-independent but also time-dependent probabilities, which incorporate the concept of the seismic cycle, have been calculated for the town of Sparta, showing a considerably higher time-dependent probability of 3.0 ± 1.5% over the next 30 years compared to the time-independent probability of 1.66%. Half of the hangingwall area of the Sparta <span class="hlt">fault</span> can experience intensities ≥IX, but belongs to the lowest category of seismic risk of the national seismic building code. On view of these relatively high calculated probabilities, a reassessment of the building code might be necessary.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.T51A2860H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.T51A2860H"><span>New High-Resolution 3D Imagery of <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Deformation and Segmentation of the San Onofre and San Mateo Trends in the Inner California Borderlands</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Holmes, J. J.; Driscoll, N. W.; Kent, G. M.; Bormann, J. M.; Harding, A. J.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The Inner California Borderlands (ICB) is situated off the coast of <span class="hlt">southern</span> California and northern Baja. The structural and geomorphic characteristics of the area record a middle Oligocene transition from subduction to microplate capture along the California coast. Marine stratigraphic evidence shows large-scale extension and rotation overprinted by modern strike-slip deformation. Geodetic and geologic observations indicate that approximately 6-8 mm/yr of Pacific-North American relative plate motion is accommodated by offshore strike-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span> in the ICB. The farthest inshore <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, the Newport-Inglewood Rose Canyon (NIRC) <span class="hlt">fault</span> complex is a dextral strike-slip <span class="hlt">system</span> that extends primarily offshore approximately 120 km from San Diego to the San Joaquin Hills near Newport Beach, California. Based on trenching and well data, the NIRC <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> Holocene slip rate is 1.5-2.0 mm/yr to the south and 0.5-1.0 mm/yr along its northern extent. An earthquake rupturing the entire length of the <span class="hlt">system</span> could produce an Mw 7.0 earthquake or larger. West of the main segments of the NIRC <span class="hlt">fault</span> complex are the San Mateo and San Onofre <span class="hlt">fault</span> trends along the continental slope. Previous work concluded that these were part of a strike-slip <span class="hlt">system</span> that eventually merged with the NIRC complex. Others have interpreted these trends as deformation associated with the Oceanside Blind Thrust <span class="hlt">fault</span> purported to underlie most of the region. In late 2013, we acquired the first high-resolution 3D P-Cable seismic surveys (3.125 m bin resolution) of the San Mateo and San Onofre trends as part of the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> California Regional <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Mapping project aboard the R/V New Horizon. Analysis of these volumes provides important new insights and constraints on the <span class="hlt">fault</span> segmentation and transfer of deformation. Based on the new 3D sparker seismic data, our preferred interpretation for the San Mateo and San Onofre <span class="hlt">fault</span> trends is they are transpressional features associated with westward</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1013814','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1013814"><span><span class="hlt">System</span> and method for bearing <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection using stator current noise cancellation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Zhou, Wei; Lu, Bin; Habetler, Thomas G.; Harley, Ronald G.; Theisen, Peter J.</p> <p>2010-08-17</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">system</span> and method for detecting incipient mechanical motor <span class="hlt">faults</span> by way of current noise cancellation is disclosed. The <span class="hlt">system</span> includes a controller configured to detect indicia of incipient mechanical motor <span class="hlt">faults</span>. The controller further includes a processor programmed to receive a baseline set of current data from an operating motor and define a noise component in the baseline set of current data. The processor is also programmed to repeatedly receive real-time operating current data from the operating motor and remove the noise component from the operating current data in real-time to isolate any <span class="hlt">fault</span> components present in the operating current data. The processor is then programmed to generate a <span class="hlt">fault</span> index for the operating current data based on any isolated <span class="hlt">fault</span> components.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Tectp.734...59Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Tectp.734...59Z"><span>Elasto-plastic deformation and plate weakening due to normal <span class="hlt">faulting</span> in the subducting plate along the Mariana Trench</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhou, Zhiyuan; Lin, Jian</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>We investigated variations in the elasto-plastic deformation of the subducting plate along the Mariana Trench through an analysis of flexural bending and normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> characteristics together with geodynamic modeling. Most normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> were initiated at the outer-rise region and grew toward the trench axis with strikes mostly subparallel to the local trench axis. The average trench relief and maximum <span class="hlt">fault</span> throws were measured to be significantly greater in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> region (5 km and 320 m, respectively) than the northern and central regions (2 km and 200 m). The subducting plate was modeled as an elasto-plastic slab subjected to tectonic loading at the trench axis. The calculated strain rates and velocities revealed an array of normal <span class="hlt">fault</span>-like shear zones in the upper plate, resulting in significant <span class="hlt">faulting</span>-induced reduction in the deviatoric stresses. We then inverted for solutions that best fit the observed flexural bending and normal <span class="hlt">faulting</span> characteristics, revealing normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> penetration to depths of 21, 20, and 32 km beneath the seafloor for the northern, central, and <span class="hlt">southern</span> regions, respectively, which is consistent with the observed depths of the relocated normal <span class="hlt">faulting</span> earthquakes in the central Mariana Trench. The calculated deeper normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the <span class="hlt">southern</span> region might lead to about twice as much water being carried into the mantle per unit trench length than the northern and central regions. We further calculated that normal <span class="hlt">faulting</span> has reduced the effective elastic plate thickness Te by up to 52% locally in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> region and 33% in both the northern and central regions. The best-fitting solutions revealed a greater apparent angle of the pulling force in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> region (51-64°) than in the northern (22-35°) and central (20-34°) regions, which correlates with a general southward increase in the seismically-determined dip angle of the subducting slab along the Mariana Trench.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6211604','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6211604"><span>Arc <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Jha, K.N.</p> <p>1999-05-18</p> <p>An arc <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection <span class="hlt">system</span> for use on ungrounded or high-resistance-grounded power distribution <span class="hlt">systems</span> is provided which can be retrofitted outside electrical switchboard circuits having limited space constraints. The <span class="hlt">system</span> includes a differential current relay that senses a current differential between current flowing from secondary windings located in a current transformer coupled to a power supply side of a switchboard, and a total current induced in secondary windings coupled to a load side of the switchboard. When such a current differential is experienced, a current travels through a operating coil of the differential current relay, which in turn opens an upstream circuit breaker located between the switchboard and a power supply to remove the supply of power to the switchboard. 1 fig.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/872294','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/872294"><span>Arc <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Jha, Kamal N.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>An arc <span class="hlt">fault</span> detection <span class="hlt">system</span> for use on ungrounded or high-resistance-grounded power distribution <span class="hlt">systems</span> is provided which can be retrofitted outside electrical switchboard circuits having limited space constraints. The <span class="hlt">system</span> includes a differential current relay that senses a current differential between current flowing from secondary windings located in a current transformer coupled to a power supply side of a switchboard, and a total current induced in secondary windings coupled to a load side of the switchboard. When such a current differential is experienced, a current travels through a operating coil of the differential current relay, which in turn opens an upstream circuit breaker located between the switchboard and a power supply to remove the supply of power to the switchboard.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GSL.....4....6W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GSL.....4....6W"><span>The 2015 M w 6.0 Mt. Kinabalu earthquake: an infrequent <span class="hlt">fault</span> rupture within the Crocker <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> of East Malaysia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Yu; Wei, Shengji; Wang, Xin; Lindsey, Eric O.; Tongkul, Felix; Tapponnier, Paul; Bradley, Kyle; Chan, Chung-Han; Hill, Emma M.; Sieh, Kerry</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The M w 6.0 Mt. Kinabalu earthquake of 2015 was a complete (and deadly) surprise, because it occurred well away from the nearest plate boundary in a region of very low historical seismicity. Our seismological, space geodetic, geomorphological, and field investigations show that the earthquake resulted from rupture of a northwest-dipping normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> that did not reach the surface. Its unilateral rupture was almost directly beneath 4000-m-high Mt. Kinabalu and triggered widespread slope failures on steep mountainous slopes, which included rockfalls that killed 18 hikers. Our seismological and morphotectonic analyses suggest that the rupture occurred on a normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> that splays upwards off of the previously identified normal Marakau <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Our mapping of tectonic landforms reveals that these <span class="hlt">faults</span> are part of a 200-km-long <span class="hlt">system</span> of normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> that traverse the eastern side of the Crocker Range, parallel to Sabah's northwestern coastline. Although the tectonic reason for this active normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> remains unclear, the lengths of the longest <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments suggest that they are capable of generating magnitude 7 earthquakes. Such large earthquakes must occur very rarely, though, given the hitherto undetectable geodetic rates of active tectonic deformation across the region.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013aero.confE.250I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013aero.confE.250I"><span>Reconfigurable <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerant avionics <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ibrahim, M. M.; Asami, K.; Cho, Mengu</p> <p></p> <p>This paper presents the design of a reconfigurable avionics <span class="hlt">system</span> based on modern Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)-based Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to be used in future generations of nano satellites. A major concern in satellite <span class="hlt">systems</span> and especially nano satellites is to build robust <span class="hlt">systems</span> with low-power consumption profiles. The <span class="hlt">system</span> is designed to be flexible by providing the capability of reconfiguring itself based on its orbital position. As Single Event Upsets (SEU) do not have the same severity and intensity in all orbital locations, having the maximum at the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) and the polar cusps, the <span class="hlt">system</span> does not have to be fully protected all the time in its orbit. An acceptable level of protection against high-energy cosmic rays and charged particles roaming in space is provided within the majority of the orbit through software <span class="hlt">fault</span> tolerance. Check pointing and roll back, besides control flow assertions, is used for that level of protection. In the minority part of the orbit where severe SEUs are expected to exist, a reconfiguration for the <span class="hlt">system</span> FPGA is initiated where the processor <span class="hlt">systems</span> are triplicated and protection through Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) with feedback is provided. This technique of reconfiguring the <span class="hlt">system</span> as per the level of the threat expected from SEU-induced <span class="hlt">faults</span> helps in reducing the average dynamic power consumption of the <span class="hlt">system</span> to one-third of its maximum. This technique can be viewed as a smart protection through <span class="hlt">system</span> reconfiguration. The <span class="hlt">system</span> is built on the commercial version of the (XC5VLX50) Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA on bulk silicon with 324 IO. Simulations of orbit SEU rates were carried out using the SPENVIS web-based software package.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T22D..07T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T22D..07T"><span>Imaging the North Anatolian <span class="hlt">Fault</span> using the scattered teleseismic wavefield</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Thompson, D. A.; Rost, S.; Houseman, G. A.; Cornwell, D. G.; Turkelli, N.; Teoman, U.; Kahraman, M.; Altuncu Poyraz, S.; Gülen, L.; Utkucu, M.; Frederiksen, A. W.; Rondenay, S.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>The North Anatolian <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone (NAFZ) is a major continental strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, similar in size and scale to the San Andreas <span class="hlt">system</span>, that extends ˜1200 km across Turkey. In 2012, a new multidisciplinary project (<span class="hlt">Fault</span>Lab) was instigated to better understand deformation throughout the entire crust in the NAFZ, in particular the expected transition from narrow zones of brittle deformation in the upper crust to possibly broader shear zones in the lower crust/upper mantle and how these features contribute to the earthquake loading cycle. This contribution will discuss the first results from the seismic component of the project, a 73 station network encompassing the northern and <span class="hlt">southern</span> branches of the NAFZ in the Sakarya region. The Dense Array for North Anatolia (DANA) is arranged as a 6×11 grid with a nominal station spacing of 7 km, with a further 7 stations located outside of the main grid. With the excellent resolution afforded by the DANA network, we will present images of crustal structure using the technique of teleseismic scattering tomography. The method uses a full waveform inversion of the teleseismic scattered wavefield coupled with array processing techniques to infer the properties and location of small-scale heterogeneities (with scales on the order of the seismic wavelength) within the crust. We will also present preliminary results of teleseismic scattering migration, another powerful method that benefits from the dense data coverage of the deployed seismic network. Images obtained using these methods together with other conventional imaging techniques will provide evidence for how the deformation is distributed within the <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone at depth, providing constraints that can be used in conjunction with structural analyses of exhumed <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments and models of geodetic strain-rate across the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. By linking together results from the complementary techniques being employed in the <span class="hlt">Fault</span>Lab project, we aim to produce a comprehensive</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930004509','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930004509"><span>Summary: Experimental validation of real-time <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Iyer, R. K.; Choi, G. S.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>Testing and validation of real-time <span class="hlt">systems</span> is always difficult to perform since neither the error generation process nor the <span class="hlt">fault</span> propagation problem is easy to comprehend. There is no better substitute to results based on actual measurements and experimentation. Such results are essential for developing a rational basis for evaluation and validation of real-time <span class="hlt">systems</span>. However, with physical experimentation, controllability and observability are limited to external instrumentation that can be hooked-up to the <span class="hlt">system</span> under test. And this process is quite a difficult, if not impossible, task for a complex <span class="hlt">system</span>. Also, to set up such experiments for measurements, physical hardware must exist. On the other hand, a simulation approach allows flexibility that is unequaled by any other existing method for <span class="hlt">system</span> evaluation. A simulation methodology for <span class="hlt">system</span> evaluation was successfully developed and implemented and the environment was demonstrated using existing real-time avionic <span class="hlt">systems</span>. The research was oriented toward evaluating the impact of permanent and transient <span class="hlt">faults</span> in aircraft control computers. Results were obtained for the Bendix BDX 930 <span class="hlt">system</span> and Hamilton Standard EEC131 jet engine controller. The studies showed that simulated <span class="hlt">fault</span> injection is valuable, in the design stage, to evaluate the susceptibility of computing sytems to different types of failures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035419','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035419"><span>Reconnaissance study of late quaternary <span class="hlt">faulting</span> along cerro GoDen <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone, western Puerto Rico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Mann, P.; Prentice, C.S.; Hippolyte, J.-C.; Grindlay, N.R.; Abrams, L.J.; Lao-Davila, D.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>The Cerro GoDen <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone is associated with a curvilinear, continuous, and prominent topographic lineament in western Puerto Rico. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> varies in strike from northwest to west. In its westernmost section, the <span class="hlt">fault</span> is ???500 m south of an abrupt, curvilinear mountain front separating the 270- to 361-m-high La CaDena De San Francisco range from the Rio A??asco alluvial valley. The Quaternary <span class="hlt">fault</span> of the A??asco Valley is in alignment with the bedrock <span class="hlt">fault</span> mapped by D. McIntyre (1971) in the Central La Plata quadrangle sheet east of A??asco Valley. Previous workers have postulated that the Cerro GoDen <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone continues southeast from the A??asco Valley and merges with the Great <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Puerto Rico <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone of south-central Puerto Rico. West of the A??asco Valley, the <span class="hlt">fault</span> continues offshore into the Mona Passage (Caribbean Sea) where it is characterized by offsets of seafloor sediments estimated to be of late Quaternary age. Using both 1:18,500 scale air photographs taken in 1936 and 1:40,000 scale photographs taken by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1986, we iDentified geomorphic features suggestive of Quaternary <span class="hlt">fault</span> movement in the A??asco Valley, including aligned and Deflected drainages, apparently offset terrace risers, and mountain-facing scarps. Many of these features suggest right-lateral displacement. Mapping of Paleogene bedrock units in the uplifted La CaDena range adjacent to the Cerro GoDen <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone reveals the main tectonic events that have culminated in late Quaternary normal-oblique displacement across the Cerro GoDen <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Cretaceous to Eocene rocks of the La CaDena range exhibit large folds with wavelengths of several kms. The orientation of folds and analysis of <span class="hlt">fault</span> striations within the folds indicate that the folds formed by northeast-southwest shorTening in present-day geographic coordinates. The age of Deformation is well constrained as late Eocene-early Oligocene by an angular unconformity separating folDed, Deep</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1915221M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1915221M"><span>Late Quaternary slip rate determination by CRN dating on the Haiyuan <span class="hlt">fault</span>, China, and implication for complex geometry <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Matrau, Rémi; Klinger, Yann; Van der Woerd, Jérôme; Liu-Zeng, Jing; Li, Zhanfei; Xu, Xiwei</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Late Quaternary slip rate determination by CRN dating on the Haiyuan <span class="hlt">fault</span>, China, and implication for complex geometry <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> Matrau Rémi, Klinger Yann, Van der Woerd Jérôme, Liu-Zeng Jing, Li Zhanfei, Xu Xiwei The Haiyuan <span class="hlt">fault</span> in Gansu Province, China, is a major left-lateral strike-slip <span class="hlt">fault</span> forming the northeastern boundary of the Tibetan plateau and accommodating part of the deformation from the India-Asia collision. Geomorphic and geodetic studies of the Haiyuan <span class="hlt">fault</span> show slip rates ranging from 4 mm/yr to 19 mm/yr from east to west along 500 km of the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Such discrepancy could be explained by the complex geometry of the <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, leading to slip distribution on multiple branches. Combining displacement measurements of alluvial terraces from high-resolution Pléiades images and 10Be - 26Al cosmogenic radionuclides (CRN) dating, we bracket the late Quaternary slip rate along the Hasi Shan <span class="hlt">fault</span> segment (37°00' N, 104°25' E). At our calibration site, terrace riser offsets for 5 terraces ranging from 6 m to 227 m and CRN ages ranging from 6.5±0.6 kyr to 41±4 kyr - yield geological left-lateral slip rates from 2.0 mm/yr to 4.4 mm/yr. We measured consistent terrace riser offset values along the entire 25 km-long segment, which suggests that some external forcing controls the regional river-terrace emplacement, regardless of each specific catchment. Hence, we extend our slip rate determination to the entire Hasi Shan <span class="hlt">fault</span> segment to be 4.0±1.0 mm/yr since the last 40 kyr. This rate is consistent with other long-term rates of 4 mm/yr to 5 mm/yr east and west of Hasi Shan - as well as geodetic rates of 4 mm/yr to 6 mm/yr west of Hasi Shan. However, Holocene terraces and moraines offsets have suggested higher rates of 15 to 20 mm/yr further west. Such disparate rates may be explained by slip distribution on multiple branches. In particular, the Zhongwei <span class="hlt">fault</span> splay in the central part of the Haiyuan <span class="hlt">fault</span>, with a slip rate of 4-5 mm/yr could</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70021965','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70021965"><span>Neogene contraction between the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> and the Santa Clara Valley, San Francisco Bay region, California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>McLaughlin, R.J.; Langenheim, V.E.; Schmidt, K.M.; Jachens, R.C.; Stanley, R.G.; Jayko, A.S.; McDougall, K.A.; Tinsley, J.C.; Valin, Z.C.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>In the <span class="hlt">southern</span> San Francisco Bay region of California, oblique dextral reverse <span class="hlt">faults</span> that verge northeastward from the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> experienced triggered slip during the 1989 M7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake. The role of these range-front thrusts in the evolution of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> and the future seismic hazard that they may pose to the urban Santa Clara Valley are poorly understood. Based on recent geologic mapping and geophysical investigations, we propose that the range-front thrust <span class="hlt">system</span> evolved in conjunction with development of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. In the early Miocene, the region was dominated by a <span class="hlt">system</span> of northwestwardly propagating, basin-bounding, transtensional <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Beginning as early as middle Miocene time, however, the transtensional <span class="hlt">faulting</span> was superseded by transpressional NE-stepping thrust and reverse <span class="hlt">faults</span> of the range-front thrust <span class="hlt">system</span>. Age constraints on the thrust <span class="hlt">faults</span> indicate that the locus of contraction has focused on the Monte Vista, Shannon, and Berrocal <span class="hlt">faults</span> since about 4.8 Ma. <span class="hlt">Fault</span> slip and fold reconstructions suggest that crustal shortening between the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> and the Santa Clara Valley within this time frame is ~21%, amounting to as much as 3.2 km at a rate of 0.6 mm/yr. Rates probably have not remained constant; average rates appear to have been much lower in the past few 100 ka. The distribution of coseismic surface contraction during the Loma Prieta earthquake, active seismicity, late Pleistocene to Holocene fluvial terrace warping, and geodetic data further suggest that the active range-front thrust <span class="hlt">system</span> includes blind thrusts. Critical unresolved issues include information on the near-surface locations of buried thrusts, the timing of recent thrust earthquake events, and their recurrence in relation to earthquakes on the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28678721','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28678721"><span>Observer-Based Adaptive <span class="hlt">Fault</span>-Tolerant Tracking Control of Nonlinear Nonstrict-Feedback <span class="hlt">Systems</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wu, Chengwei; Liu, Jianxing; Xiong, Yongyang; Wu, Ligang</p> <p>2017-06-28</p> <p>This paper studies an output-based adaptive <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant control problem for nonlinear <span class="hlt">systems</span> with nonstrict-feedback form. Neural networks are utilized to identify the unknown nonlinear characteristics in the <span class="hlt">system</span>. An observer and a general <span class="hlt">fault</span> model are constructed to estimate the unavailable states and describe the <span class="hlt">fault</span>, respectively. Adaptive parameters are constructed to overcome the difficulties in the design process for nonstrict-feedback <span class="hlt">systems</span>. Meanwhile, dynamic surface control technique is introduced to avoid the problem of ''explosion of complexity''. Furthermore, based on adaptive backstepping control method, an output-based adaptive neural tracking control strategy is developed for the considered <span class="hlt">system</span> against actuator <span class="hlt">fault</span>, which can ensure that all the signals in the resulting closed-loop <span class="hlt">system</span> are bounded, and the <span class="hlt">system</span> output signal can be regulated to follow the response of the given reference signal with a small error. Finally, the simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the control strategy proposed in this paper.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70026371','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70026371"><span>Stress transfer to the Denali and other regional <span class="hlt">faults</span> from the M 9.2 Alaska earthquake of 1964</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Bufe, C.G.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Stress transfer from the great 1964 Prince William Sound earthquake is modeled on the Denali <span class="hlt">fault</span>, including the Denali-Totschunda <span class="hlt">fault</span> segments that ruptured in 2002, and on other regional <span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">systems</span> where M 7.5 and larger earthquakes have occurred since 1900. The results indicate that analysis of Coulomb stress transfer from the dominant earthquake in a region is a potentially powerful tool in assessing time-varying earthquake hazard. Modeled Coulomb stress increases on the northern Denali and Totschunda <span class="hlt">faults</span> from the great 1964 earthquake coincide with zones that ruptured in the 2002 Denali <span class="hlt">fault</span> earthquake, although stress on the Susitna Glacier thrust plane, where the 2002 event initiated, was decreased. A southeasterlytrending Coulomb stress transect along the right-lateral Totschunda-Fairweather-Queen Charlotte trend shows stress transfer from the 1964 event advancing slip on the Totschunda, Fairweather, and Queen Charlotte segments, including the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Fairweather segment that ruptured in 1972. Stress transfer retarding right-lateral strike slip was observed from the <span class="hlt">southern</span> part of the Totschunda <span class="hlt">fault</span> to the northern end of the Fairweather <span class="hlt">fault</span> (1958 rupture). This region encompasses a gap with shallow thrust <span class="hlt">faulting</span> but with little evidence of strike-slip <span class="hlt">faulting</span> connecting the segments to the northwest and southeast. Stress transfer toward failure was computed on the north-south trending right-lateral strike-slip <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the Gulf of Alaska that ruptured in 1987 and 1988, with inhibitory stress changes at the northern end of the northernmost (1987) rupture. The northern Denali and Totschunda <span class="hlt">faults</span>, including the zones that ruptured in the 2002 earthquakes, follow very closely (within 3%), for about 90??, an arc of a circle of radius 375 km. The center of this circle is within a few kilometers of the intersection at depth of the Patton Bay <span class="hlt">fault</span> with the Alaskan megathrust. This inferred asperity edge may be the pole of counterclockwise</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70188293','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70188293"><span>Spatio-temporal mapping of plate boundary <span class="hlt">faults</span> in California using geodetic imaging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Donnellan, Andrea; Arrowsmith, Ramon; DeLong, Stephen B.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The Pacific–North American plate boundary in California is composed of a 400-km-wide network of <span class="hlt">faults</span> and zones of distributed deformation. Earthquakes, even large ones, can occur along individual or combinations of <span class="hlt">faults</span> within the larger plate boundary <span class="hlt">system</span>. While research often focuses on the primary and secondary <span class="hlt">faults</span>, holistic study of the plate boundary is required to answer several fundamental questions. How do plate boundary motions partition across California <span class="hlt">faults</span>? How do <span class="hlt">faults</span> within the plate boundary interact during earthquakes? What fraction of strain accumulation is relieved aseismically and does this provide limits on <span class="hlt">fault</span> rupture propagation? Geodetic imaging, broadly defined as measurement of crustal deformation and topography of the Earth’s surface, enables assessment of topographic characteristics and the spatio-temporal behavior of the Earth’s crust. We focus here on crustal deformation observed with continuous Global Positioning <span class="hlt">System</span> (GPS) data and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) from NASA’s airborne UAVSAR platform, and on high-resolution topography acquired from lidar and Structure from Motion (SfM) methods. Combined, these measurements are used to identify active structures, past ruptures, transient motions, and distribution of deformation. The observations inform estimates of the mechanical and geometric properties of <span class="hlt">faults</span>. We discuss five areas in California as examples of different <span class="hlt">fault</span> behavior, <span class="hlt">fault</span> maturity and times within the earthquake cycle: the M6.0 2014 South Napa earthquake rupture, the San Jacinto <span class="hlt">fault</span>, the creeping and locked Carrizo sections of the San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span>, the Landers rupture in the Eastern California Shear Zone, and the convergence of the Eastern California Shear Zone and San Andreas <span class="hlt">fault</span> in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California. These examples indicate that distribution of crustal deformation can be measured using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), Global Navigation</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JAESc..64..125Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JAESc..64..125Y"><span>Nonlinear dynamic failure process of tunnel-<span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> in response to strong seismic event</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, Zhihua; Lan, Hengxing; Zhang, Yongshuang; Gao, Xing; Li, Langping</p> <p>2013-03-01</p> <p>Strong earthquakes and <span class="hlt">faults</span> have significant effect on the stability capability of underground tunnel structures. This study used a 3-Dimensional Discrete Element model and the real records of ground motion in the Wenchuan earthquake to investigate the dynamic response of tunnel-<span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>. The typical tunnel-<span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> was composed of one planned railway tunnel and one seismically active <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The discrete numerical model was prudentially calibrated by means of the comparison between the field survey and numerical results of ground motion. It was then used to examine the detailed quantitative information on the dynamic response characteristics of tunnel-<span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span>, including stress distribution, strain, vibration velocity and tunnel failure process. The intensive tunnel-<span class="hlt">fault</span> interaction during seismic loading induces the dramatic stress redistribution and stress concentration in the intersection of tunnel and <span class="hlt">fault</span>. The tunnel-<span class="hlt">fault</span> <span class="hlt">system</span> behavior is characterized by the complicated nonlinear dynamic failure process in response to a real strong seismic event. It can be qualitatively divided into 5 main stages in terms of its stress, strain and rupturing behaviors: (1) strain localization, (2) rupture initiation, (3) rupture acceleration, (4) spontaneous rupture growth and (5) stabilization. This study provides the insight into the further stability estimation of underground tunnel structures under the combined effect of strong earthquakes and <span class="hlt">faults</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950070456&hterms=sing&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dsing','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950070456&hterms=sing&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dsing"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span>-Tolerant Control For A Robotic Inspection <span class="hlt">System</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Tso, Kam Sing</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>Report describes first phase of continuing program of research on <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant control subsystem of telerobotic visual-inspection <span class="hlt">system</span>. Goal of program to develop robotic <span class="hlt">system</span> for remotely controlled visual inspection of structures in outer space.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70028263','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70028263"><span>Homogeneity of small-scale earthquake <span class="hlt">faulting</span>, stress, and <span class="hlt">fault</span> strength</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Hardebeck, J.L.</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Small-scale <span class="hlt">faulting</span> at seismogenic depths in the crust appears to be more homogeneous than previously thought. I study three new high-quality focal-mechanism datasets of small (M < ??? 3) earthquakes in <span class="hlt">southern</span> California, the east San Francisco Bay, and the aftershock sequence of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. I quantify the degree of mechanism variability on a range of length scales by comparing the hypocentral disctance between every pair of events and the angular difference between their focal mechanisms. Closely spaced earthquakes (interhypocentral distance <???2 km) tend to have very similar focal mechanisms, often identical to within the 1-sigma uncertainty of ???25??. This observed similarity implies that in small volumes of crust, while <span class="hlt">faults</span> of many orientations may or may not be present, only similarly oriented <span class="hlt">fault</span> planes produce earthquakes contemporaneously. On these short length scales, the crustal stress orientation and <span class="hlt">fault</span> strength (coefficient of friction) are inferred to be homogeneous as well, to produce such similar earthquakes. Over larger length scales (???2-50 km), focal mechanisms become more diverse with increasing interhypocentral distance (differing on average by 40-70??). Mechanism variability on ???2- to 50 km length scales can be explained by ralatively small variations (???30%) in stress or <span class="hlt">fault</span> strength. It is possible that most of this small apparent heterogeneity in stress of strength comes from measurement error in the focal mechanisms, as negligibble variation in stress or <span class="hlt">fault</span> strength (<10%) is needed if each earthquake is assigned the optimally oriented focal mechanism within the 1-sigma confidence region. This local homogeneity in stress orientation and <span class="hlt">fault</span> strength is encouraging, implying it may be possible to measure these parameters with enough precision to be useful in studying and modeling large earthquakes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140010057','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140010057"><span>AGSM Functional <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Models for <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Isolation Project</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Harp, Janicce Leshay</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>This project implements functional <span class="hlt">fault</span> models to automate the isolation of failures during ground <span class="hlt">systems</span> operations. FFMs will also be used to recommend sensor placement to improve <span class="hlt">fault</span> isolation capabilities. The project enables the delivery of <span class="hlt">system</span> health advisories to ground <span class="hlt">system</span> operators.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T23E0656H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T23E0656H"><span>New evidence for Oligocene to Recent slip along the San Juan <span class="hlt">fault</span>, a terrane-bounding structure within the Cascadia forearc of <span class="hlt">southern</span> British Columbia, Canada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Harrichhausen, N.; Morell, K. D.; Regalla, C.; Lynch, E. M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Active forearc deformation in the <span class="hlt">southern</span> Cascadia subduction zone is partially accommodated by <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the upper crust in both Washington state and Oregon, but until recently, these types of active forearc <span class="hlt">faults</span> have not been documented in the northern part of the Cascadia forearc on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Here we present new evidence for Quaternary slip on the San Juan <span class="hlt">fault</span> that indicates that this terrane-bounding structure has been reactivated since its last documented slip in the Eocene. Field work targeted by newly acquired hi-resolution lidar topography reveals a deformed debris flow channel network developed within colluvium along the central portion of the San Juan <span class="hlt">fault</span>, consistent with a surface-rupturing earthquake with 1-2 m of offset since deglaciation 13 ka. Near the western extent of the San Juan <span class="hlt">fault</span>, marine sediments are in <span class="hlt">fault</span> contact with mélange of the Pandora Peak Unit. These marine sediments are likely Oligocene or younger in age, given their similarity in facies and fossil assemblages to nearby outcrops of the Carmanah Group sediments, but new dating using strontium isotope stratigraphy will confirm this hypothesis. If these sediments are part of the Carmanah Group, they occur further east and at a higher elevation than previously documented. The presence of Oligocene or younger marine sediments, more than 400 meters above current sea level, requires a substantial amount of Neogene rock uplift that could have been accommodated by slip on the San Juan <span class="hlt">fault</span>. A preliminary analysis of <span class="hlt">fault</span> slickensides indicates a change in slip sense from left-lateral to normal along the strike of the <span class="hlt">fault</span>. Until further mapping and analysis is completed, however, it remains unclear whether this kinematic change reflects spatial and/or temporal variability. These observations suggest that the San Juan <span class="hlt">fault</span> is likely part of a network of active <span class="hlt">faults</span> accommodating forearc strain on Vancouver Island. With the recent discovery of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040110323','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040110323"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span> Accommodation in Control of Flexible <span class="hlt">Systems</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Maghami, Peiman G.; Sparks, Dean W., Jr.; Lim, Kyong B.</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>New synthesis techniques for the design of <span class="hlt">fault</span> accommodating controllers for flexible <span class="hlt">systems</span> are developed. Three robust control design strategies, static dissipative, dynamic dissipative and mu-synthesis, are used in the approach. The approach provides techniques for designing controllers that maximize, in some sense, the tolerance of the closed-loop <span class="hlt">system</span> against <span class="hlt">faults</span> in actuators and sensors, while guaranteeing performance robustness at a specified performance level, measured in terms of the proximity of the closed-loop poles to the imaginary axis (the degree of stability). For dissipative control designs, nonlinear programming is employed to synthesize the controllers, whereas in mu-synthesis, the traditional D-K iteration is used. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed techniques, they are applied to the control design of a structural model of a flexible laboratory test structure.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060038135&hterms=reliability+value&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dreliability%2Bvalue','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060038135&hterms=reliability+value&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dreliability%2Bvalue"><span>An Integrated <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Tolerant Robotic Controller <span class="hlt">System</span> for High Reliability and Safety</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Marzwell, Neville I.; Tso, Kam S.; Hecht, Myron</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>This paper describes the concepts and features of a <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant intelligent robotic control <span class="hlt">system</span> being developed for applications that require high dependability (reliability, availability, and safety). The <span class="hlt">system</span> consists of two major elements: a <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant controller and an operator workstation. The <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant controller uses a strategy which allows for detection and recovery of hardware, operating <span class="hlt">system</span>, and application software failures.The <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant controller can be used by itself in a wide variety of applications in industry, process control, and communications. The controller in combination with the operator workstation can be applied to robotic applications such as spaceborne extravehicular activities, hazardous materials handling, inspection and maintenance of high value items (e.g., space vehicles, reactor internals, or aircraft), medicine, and other tasks where a robot <span class="hlt">system</span> failure poses a significant risk to life or property.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JSG....91..177A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JSG....91..177A"><span><span class="hlt">Fault</span>-zone structure and weakening processes in basin-scale reverse <span class="hlt">faults</span>: The Moonlight <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone, South Island, New Zealand</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Alder, S.; Smith, S. A. F.; Scott, J. M.</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>The >200 km long Moonlight <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Zone (MFZ) in <span class="hlt">southern</span> New Zealand was an Oligocene basin-bounding normal <span class="hlt">fault</span> zone that reactivated in the Miocene as a high-angle reverse <span class="hlt">fault</span> (present dip angle 65°-75°). Regional exhumation in the last c. 5 Ma has resulted in deep exposures of the MFZ that present an opportunity to study the structure and deformation processes that were active in a basin-scale reverse <span class="hlt">fault</span> at basement depths. Syn-rift sediments are preserved only as thin <span class="hlt">fault</span>-bound slivers. The hanging wall and footwall of the MFZ are mainly greenschist facies quartzofeldspathic schists that have a steeply-dipping (55°-75°) foliation subparallel to the main <span class="hlt">fault</span> trace. In more fissile lithologies (e.g. greyschists), hanging-wall deformation occurred by the development of foliation-parallel breccia layers up to a few centimetres thick. Greyschists in the footwall deformed mainly by folding and formation of tabular, foliation-parallel breccias up to 1 m wide. Where the hanging-wall contains more competent lithologies (e.g. greenschist facies metabasite) it is laced with networks of pseudotachylyte that formed parallel to the host rock foliation in a damage zone extending up to 500 m from the main <span class="hlt">fault</span> trace. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> core contains an up to 20 m thick sequence of breccias, cataclasites and foliated cataclasites preserving evidence for the progressive development of interconnected networks of (partly authigenic) chlorite and muscovite. Deformation in the <span class="hlt">fault</span> core occurred by cataclasis of quartz and albite, frictional sliding of chlorite and muscovite grains, and dissolution-precipitation. Combined with published friction and permeability data, our observations suggest that: 1) host rock lithology and anisotropy were the primary controls on the structure of the MFZ at basement depths and 2) high-angle reverse slip was facilitated by the low frictional strength of <span class="hlt">fault</span> core materials. Restriction of pseudotachylyte networks to the hanging-wall of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910003408','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910003408"><span>Study on <span class="hlt">fault</span>-tolerant processors for advanced launch <span class="hlt">system</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Shin, Kang G.; Liu, Jyh-Charn</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>Issues related to the reliability of a redundant <span class="hlt">system</span> with large main memory are addressed. The <span class="hlt">Fault</span>-Tolerant Processor (FTP) for the Advanced Launch <span class="hlt">System</span> (ALS) is used as a basis for the presentation. When the <span class="hlt">system</span> is free of latent <span class="hlt">faults</span>, the probability of <span class="hlt">system</span> crash due to multiple channel <span class="hlt">faults</span> is shown to be insignificant even when voting on the outputs of computing channels is infrequent. Using channel error maskers (CEMs) is shown to improve reliability more effectively than increasing redundancy or the number of channels for applications with long mission times. Even without using a voter, most memory errors can be immediately corrected by those CEMs implemented with conventional coding techniques. In addition to their ability to enhance <span class="hlt">system</span> reliability, CEMs (with a very low hardware overhead) can be used to dramatically reduce not only the need of memory realignment, but also the time required to realign channel memories in case, albeit rare, such a need arises. Using CEMs, two different schemes were developed to solve the memory realignment problem. In both schemes, most errors are corrected by CEMs, and the remaining errors are masked by a voter.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.G21B0806F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.G21B0806F"><span>The relationship of near-surface active <span class="hlt">faulting</span> to megathrust splay <span class="hlt">fault</span> geometry in Prince William Sound, Alaska</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Finn, S.; Liberty, L. M.; Haeussler, P. J.; Northrup, C.; Pratt, T. L.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>We interpret regionally extensive, active <span class="hlt">faults</span> beneath Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, to be structurally linked to deeper megathrust splay <span class="hlt">faults</span>, such as the one that ruptured in the 1964 M9.2 earthquake. Western PWS in particular is unique; the locations of active <span class="hlt">faulting</span> offer insights into the transition at the <span class="hlt">southern</span> terminus of the previously subducted Yakutat slab to Pacific plate subduction. Newly acquired high-resolution, marine seismic data show three seismic facies related to Holocene and older Quaternary to Tertiary strata. These sediments are cut by numerous high angle normal <span class="hlt">faults</span> in the hanging wall of megathrust splay. Crustal-scale seismic reflection profiles show splay <span class="hlt">faults</span> emerging from 20 km depth between the Yakutat block and North American crust and surfacing as the Hanning Bay and Patton Bay <span class="hlt">faults</span>. A distinct boundary coinciding beneath the Hinchinbrook Entrance causes a systematic <span class="hlt">fault</span> trend change from N30E in southwestern PWS to N70E in northeastern PWS. The <span class="hlt">fault</span> trend change underneath Hinchinbrook Entrance may occur gradually or abruptly and there is evidence for similar deformation near the Montague Strait Entrance. Landward of surface expressions of the splay <span class="hlt">fault</span>, we observe subsidence, <span class="hlt">faulting</span>, and landslides that record deformation associated with the 1964 and older megathrust earthquakes. Surface exposures of Tertiary rocks throughout PWS along with new apatite-helium dates suggest long-term and regional uplift with localized, <span class="hlt">fault</span>-controlled subsidence.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMNS41B1945D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMNS41B1945D"><span>GPR Imaging of <span class="hlt">Fault</span> Related Folds in a Gold-Bearing Metasedimentary Sequence, Carolina Terrane, <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Appalachian Mountains</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Diemer, J. A.; Bobyarchick, A. R.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The Carolina terrane comprises Ediacaran to earliest Paleozoic mixed magmatic and sedimentary assemblages in the central and eastern Piedmont of the <span class="hlt">Southern</span> Appalachian Mountains. The terrane was primarily deformed during the Late Ordovician Cherokee orogeny, that reached greenschist facies metamorphism. The Albemarle arc, a younger component of the Carolina terrane, contains volcanogenic metasedimentary rocks with intercalated mainly rhyolitic volcanic rocks. Regional inclined to overturned folds with axial planar cleavage verge southeast. At mesoscopic scales (exposures of a few square meters), folds sympathetic with regional folds are attenuated or truncated by ductile shear zones or contractional <span class="hlt">faults</span>. Shear and <span class="hlt">fault</span> zones are most abundant near highly silicified strataform zones in metagraywacke of the Tillery Formation; these zones are also auriferous. GPR profiles were collected across strike of two silicified, gold-bearing zones and enclosing metagraywacke to characterize the scale and extent of folding in the vicinity of ore horizons. Several GSSI SIR-3000 / 100 MHz monostatic GPR profiles were collected in profiles up to 260 meters long. In pre-migration lines processed for time zero and background removal, several clusters of shallow, rolling sigmoidal reflectors appeared separated by sets of parallel, northwest-dipping reflective discontinuities. These features are inferred to be reverse <span class="hlt">faults</span> carrying contractional folds. After migration with an average velocity of 0.105 m/ns, vertical heights of the inferred folds became attenuated but not removed, and contractional <span class="hlt">fault</span> reflections remained prominent. After migration, a highly convex-up cluster of reflections initially assumed to be a fold culmination resolved to an elliptical patch of high amplitudes. The patch is likely an undisclosed shaft or covered trench left by earlier gold prospecting. In this survey, useful detail appeared to a depth of 7.5 meters, and only a few gently inclined</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site.</div> </div><!-- container --> <footer><a id="backToTop" href="#top"> </a><nav><a id="backToTop" href="#top"> </a><ul class="links"><a id="backToTop" href="#top"> </a><li><a id="backToTop" href="#top"></a><a href="/sitemap.html">Site Map</a></li> <li><a href="/members/index.html">Members Only</a></li> <li><a href="/website-policies.html">Website Policies</a></li> <li><a href="https://doe.responsibledisclosure.com/hc/en-us" target="_blank">Vulnerability Disclosure Program</a></li> <li><a href="/contact.html">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> <div class="small">Science.gov is maintained by the U.S. Department of Energy's <a href="https://www.osti.gov/" target="_blank">Office of Scientific and Technical Information</a>, in partnership with <a href="https://www.cendi.gov/" target="_blank">CENDI</a>.</div> </nav> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- // var lastDiv = ""; function showDiv(divName) { // hide last div if (lastDiv) { document.getElementById(lastDiv).className = "hiddenDiv"; } //if value of the box is not nothing and an object with that name exists, then change the class if (divName && document.getElementById(divName)) { document.getElementById(divName).className = "visibleDiv"; lastDiv = divName; } } //--> </script> <script> /** * Function that tracks a click on an outbound link in Google Analytics. * This function takes a valid URL string as an argument, and uses that URL string * as the event label. */ var trackOutboundLink = function(url,collectionCode) { try { h = window.open(url); setTimeout(function() { ga('send', 'event', 'topic-page-click-through', collectionCode, url); }, 1000); } catch(err){} }; </script> <!-- Google Analytics --> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-1122789-34', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <!-- End Google Analytics --> <script> showDiv('page_1') </script> </body> </html>