[Ethical and legal duty of anesthesiologists regarding Jehovah's Witness patient: care protocol].

PubMed

Takaschima, Augusto Key Karazawa; Sakae, Thiago Mamôru; Takaschima, Alexandre Karazawa; Takaschima, Renata Dos Santos Teodoro; de Lima, Breno José Santiago Bezerra; Benedetti, Roberto Henrique

Jehovah's Witnesses patients refuse blood transfusions for religious reasons. Anesthesiologists must master specific legal knowledge to provide care to these patients. Understanding how the Law and the Federal Council of Medicine treat this issue is critical to know how to act in this context. The aim of this paper was to establish a treatment protocol for the Jehovah's Witness patient with emphasis on ethical and legal duty of the anesthesiologist. The article analyzes the Constitution, Criminal Code, resolutions of the Federal Council of Medicine (FCM), opinions, and jurisprudence to understand the limits of the conflict between the autonomy of will of Jehovah's Witnesses to refuse transfusion and the physician's duty to provide the transfusion. Based on this evidence, a care protocol is suggested. The FCM resolution 1021/1980, the penal code Article 135, which classifies denial of care as a crime and the Supreme Court decision on the HC 268,459/SP process imposes on the physician the obligation of blood transfusion when life is threatened. The patient's or guardian's consent is not necessary, as the autonomy of will manifestation of the Jehovah's Witness patient refusing blood transfusion for himself and relatives, even in emergencies, is no not forbidden. Copyright © 2016 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

[Euthanasia - an attempt to organize issue].

PubMed

Kirmes, Tomasz; Wilk, Mateusz; Chowaniec, Czesław

This article is an attempt to complete and holistically discuss problem of euthanasia, especially its ethical and legal aspects, comparing to Polish law. The subject of euthanasia arouse interest of the society because it touches one of the most important aspects of life, which is the death. Even bigger emotions are aroused amongst physicians. They are forced to put on the line the life as biggest value on the one side and autonomy of human being on the other. It also touches the empathy for suffering. The euthanasia was divided into three forms: active euthanasia, passive euthanasia and assisted suicide. Any form of euthanasia is illegal in Poland according to both the Penal Code and Code of Medical Ethics. Range of possible penal consequences perpetrator is very wide from waiver of punishment to life imprisonment and it comes from different penal qualification of the euthanasia. Qualification of the euthanasia is based on terms of intent of perpetrator's act, request of patient, strong empathy for suffering if the patient and decision based on up-to-date medical knowledge. It is valuable to mention "do-not-resuscitate" DNR procedure, which in case of medical futility is legally accepted in Poland, but in other form may be qualified as passive euthanasia.

[Who Benefits from Forensic Psychiatric Treatment? Results of a Catamnestic Study in Swabia].

PubMed

Dudeck, Manuela; Franke, Irina; Bezzel, Adelheid; Otte, Stefanie; Ormanns, Norbert; Nigel, Stefanie; Segmiller, Felix; Streb, Judith

2018-04-17

Evaluation of treatment outcomes of forensic inpatients in the Bavarian district of Swabia (2010 - 2014). 130 inpatients were interviewed about their social reintegration, substance use and delinquency immediately after discharge from forensic psychiatry and one year after. One year after discharge 67 % of the patients referred due to substance use disorder according to § 64 of the German Penal Code were employed, 57 % were abstinent and 83 % did not reoffend. Patients who were detained due to severe mental illness according to § 63 of the German Penal Code often received inability pensions (57 %), 14 % were integrated in sheltered workshops and 100 % did not reoffend. Forensic-psychiatric treatment contributes to rehabilitation and reduces risk factors of mentally disordered offenders. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Honor crimes: review and proposed definition.

PubMed

Elakkary, Sally; Franke, Barbara; Shokri, Dina; Hartwig, Sven; Tsokos, Michael; Püschel, Klaus

2014-03-01

There is every reason to believe that honor based violence is one of the forms of domestic violence that is being practiced against females all over the world. This type of violence includes a wide range of crimes, the severest of which is honor killing. Many studies have adopted different definitions for the so-called honor killing. In this paper some of these definitions are discussed and a working definition is proposed. The scope of the problem worldwide is presented. Honor killing goes beyond ethnicity, class, and religion. It is a very old phenomenon that was practiced in ancient Rome, guided by penal codes. Some of the older as well as new penal codes are discussed concerning this matter from different regions of the world. The different efforts of international governmental and nongovernmental organizations in combating this problem are also presented.

Consent Agreement and Consent Order

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Contains legal consent agreement and consent order for the assessment of a civil penality pursuant to Section 14(1) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), BioLab Inc., Conyers, GA, September 14, 1998.

[The new Colombian criminal code and biotechnology].

PubMed

González de Cancino, Emilssen

2002-01-01

The author describes the process by which new offenses concerning biotechnology have been included in Colombia's Penal Code and discusses some of the more controversial aspects involved. She examines the various stages of the passage of the Bill through Parliament and the modifications undergone. She also provides well-argued criticism of the text, with appropriate reference to Constitutional provisions regarding the rights concerned.

Beyond Rehabilitation: The Federal City College Lorton Project--A Model Prison Higher Education Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Andress

1974-01-01

A description and evaluation of the Federal City College (the first Urban Land Grant institution in the nation) higher education program offered in association with a group of Washington, D.C., penal institutions located in Lorton, Virginia. This Lorton Project has been adopted as a National Model by the Department of Health, Education, and…

A comparison of "life threatening injury" concept in the Turkish Penal Code and trauma scoring systems.

PubMed

Fedakar, Recep; Aydiner, Ahmet Hüsamettin; Ercan, Ilker

2007-07-01

To compare accuracy and to check the suitability of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), the Revised Trauma Score (RTS), the Injury Severity Score (ISS), the New Injury Severity Score (NISS) and the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), the scoring systems widely used in international trauma studies, in the evaluation of the "life threatening injury" concept established by the Turkish Penal Code. The age, sex, type of trauma, type and localizations of wounds, GCS, RTS, ISS, NISS and TRISS values, the decision of life threatening injury of 627 trauma patients admitted to Emergency Department of the Uludag University Medical School Hospital in year 2003 were examined. A life-threatening injury was present in 35.2% of the cases examined. GCS, RTS, ISS, NISS and TRISS confirmed the decision of life threatening injury with percentages of 74.8%, 76.9%, 88.7%, 86.6% and 68.6%, respectively. The best cut-off point 14 was determined in the ISS system with 79.6% sensitivity and 93.6% specificity. All of the cases with sole linear skull fracture officially decided as life threatening injury had an ISS of 5, a NISS of 6 and the best scores of GCS (15), RTS (7.8408) and TRISS (100%). ISS and NISS appeared to be the best trauma scoring systems that can be used for the decision of life threatening injury, compared with GCS, RTS and TRISS. Thus, ISS and NISS can be acceptable for using the evaluation of the life threatening injury concept established by the Turkish Penal Code.

Changing Symbolic and Geographical Boundaries between Penal Zones and Rural Communities in the Russian Federation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pallot, Judith

2012-01-01

The article examines the processes involved in the integration of the USSR's secret places into mainstream rural society in the Russian Federation. Taking the example of one rural district in the Volga-Ural region that has been the site of a large prison complex over a period of ninety years, the article examines how economic changes and local…

Penal Code (Ordinance No. 12 of 1983), 1 July 1984.

PubMed

1987-01-01

This document contains provisions of the 1984 Penal Code of Montserrat relating to sexual offenses, abortion, offenses relating to marriage, homicide and other offenses against the person, and neglect endangering life or health. Part 8 of the Code holds that a man found guilty of raping a woman is liable to life imprisonment. Rape is deemed to involve unlawful (extramarital) sexual intercourse with a woman without her consent (this is determined if the rape involved force, threats, administration of drugs, or false representation). The Code also defines offenses in cases of incest, child abuse, prostitution, abduction, controlling the actions and finances of a prostitute, and having unlawful sexual intercourse with a mentally defective woman. Part 9 of the Code outlaws abortion unless it is conducted in an approved establishment after two medical practitioners have determined that continuing the pregnancy would risk the life or physical/mental health of the pregnant woman or if a substantial risk exists that the child would have serious abnormalities. Part 10 outlaws bigamy, and part 12 holds that infanticide performed by a mother suffering postpartum imbalances can be prosecuted as manslaughter. This part also outlaws concealment of the body of a newborn, whether that child died before, at, or after birth, and aggravated assault on any child not more than 14 years old. Part 12 makes it an offense to subject any child to neglect endangering its life or health.

Abortion checks at German-Dutch border.

PubMed

Von Baross, J

1991-05-01

The commentary on West German abortion law, particularly in illegal abortion in the Netherlands, finds the law restrictive and in violation of the dignity and rights of women. The Max-Planck Institute in 1990 published a study that found that a main point of prosecution between 1976 and 1986, as reported by Der Spiegal, was in border crossings from the Netherlands. It is estimated that 10,000 annually have abortions abroad, and 6,000 to 7,000 in the Netherlands. The procedure was for an official to stop a young person and query about drugs; later the woman would admit to an abortion, and be forced into a medical examination. The German Penal Code Section 218 stipulates abortion only for certain reasons testified to by a doctor other than the one performing the abortion. Counseling on available social assistance must be completed 3 days prior to the abortion. Many counseling offices are church related and opposed to abortions. Many doctors refuse legally to certify, and access to abortion is limited. The required hospital stay is 3-4 nights with no day care facilities. Penal Code Section 5 No. 9 allows prosecution for uncounseled illegal abortion. Abortion law reform is anticipated by the end of 1992 in the Bundestag due to the Treaty or the Unification of Germany. The Treaty states that the rights of the unborn child must be protected and that pregnant women relieve their distress in a way compatible with the Constitution, but improved over legal regulations from either West or East Germany, which permits abortion on request within 12 weeks of conception without counseling. It is hoped that the law will be liberalized and Penal Code Section 5 No. 9 will be abolished.

Act No. 62, Penal Code, 29 December 1987.

PubMed

1988-01-01

This document contains various provisions of the 1987 Cuban Penal Code. Chapter 6 of Title 8 (crimes against life and bodily integrity) outlaws abortion and sets prison terms for its performance under various circumstances. Chapter 7 sets a penalty of five to 12 years imprisonment for performing a sterilization procedure. Chapter 8 outlines the penalties for abandonment of minors and incompetent or helpless people. Under Title 9 (crimes against individual rights), Chapter 8 renders it illegal to discriminate on the grounds of sex, race, color, or national origin. Chapter 1 of Title 11 deals with crimes against the normal development of sexual relations, setting penalties for rape, pederasty with violence, and lascivious abuse. Chapter 2 covers crimes against the normal development of the family such as incest, sexual relations with a minor, bigamy, illegal marriage, and substitution of one child for another. Chapter 3 places penalties for crimes against the normal development of childhood and youth, such as the corruption of minors, the neglect of minors, and the failure to support minors.

28 CFR 0.95 - General functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ORGANIZATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Bureau of Prisons § 0.95 General functions. The Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall direct all activities of the Bureau of Prisons including: (a) Management and regulation of all Federal penal and correctional...

28 CFR 0.95 - General functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ORGANIZATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Bureau of Prisons § 0.95 General functions. The Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall direct all activities of the Bureau of Prisons including: (a) Management and regulation of all Federal penal and correctional...

28 CFR 0.95 - General functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ORGANIZATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Bureau of Prisons § 0.95 General functions. The Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall direct all activities of the Bureau of Prisons including: (a) Management and regulation of all Federal penal and correctional...

Military Policy toward Homosexuals: Scientific, Historic, and Legal Perspectives

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-01

International Trends During the 1950s, the American Law Institute recommended that states adopt a Model Penal Code that decriminalized all non-violent...personalities. For much of our history, the military’s fear of racial tension kept black soldiers segregated from whites. Fear of sexual tensions, until

Federal Law Enforcement in Bi-National Perspective: The United States FBI and the Mexican PFM

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

de Ciencias Penales INCLE International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement IT information technology LISSSTE Ley del Instituto de Seguridad y...Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Penales—INACIPE).195 However, if the video on Youtube.com is an indication of the seriousness with which ministerial

33 CFR 138.80 - Financial responsibility, how established.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... issuance of Federal bonds in the maximum penal sum of each bond to be issued under this subpart. (3) Self... which it applies. (ii) Semiannual self-insurance submissions. When the self-insuring applicant's or.... (iii) Additional self-insurance submissions. A self-insuring applicant or certificant— (A) Must, upon...

33 CFR 138.80 - Financial responsibility, how established.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... issuance of Federal bonds in the maximum penal sum of each bond to be issued under this subpart. (3) Self... which it applies. (ii) Semiannual self-insurance submissions. When the self-insuring applicant's or.... (iii) Additional self-insurance submissions. A self-insuring applicant or certificant— (A) Must, upon...

Admissibility of Evidence from Compelled Mental Examinations: MRE 302 and Beyond

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-04-01

antisocial and paranoid personality disorder. He was subsequently apprehended for possession of marihuana and another assault. He was again referred to the...acts. Mental disease or defect does not otherwise constitute a defense. Uniform Code of Military Justice art . 50a, 10 U.S.C.A. § 859a (1987 Supp...UCMJ art . 5a (bW. 4 RCM 716k (3)(A). 5 "No problem in the drafting of a penal code presents larger intrinsic difficulties than that of determining when

Bootstrap Enhanced Penalized Regression for Variable Selection with Neuroimaging Data.

PubMed

Abram, Samantha V; Helwig, Nathaniel E; Moodie, Craig A; DeYoung, Colin G; MacDonald, Angus W; Waller, Niels G

2016-01-01

Recent advances in fMRI research highlight the use of multivariate methods for examining whole-brain connectivity. Complementary data-driven methods are needed for determining the subset of predictors related to individual differences. Although commonly used for this purpose, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression may not be ideal due to multi-collinearity and over-fitting issues. Penalized regression is a promising and underutilized alternative to OLS regression. In this paper, we propose a nonparametric bootstrap quantile (QNT) approach for variable selection with neuroimaging data. We use real and simulated data, as well as annotated R code, to demonstrate the benefits of our proposed method. Our results illustrate the practical potential of our proposed bootstrap QNT approach. Our real data example demonstrates how our method can be used to relate individual differences in neural network connectivity with an externalizing personality measure. Also, our simulation results reveal that the QNT method is effective under a variety of data conditions. Penalized regression yields more stable estimates and sparser models than OLS regression in situations with large numbers of highly correlated neural predictors. Our results demonstrate that penalized regression is a promising method for examining associations between neural predictors and clinically relevant traits or behaviors. These findings have important implications for the growing field of functional connectivity research, where multivariate methods produce numerous, highly correlated brain networks.

Bootstrap Enhanced Penalized Regression for Variable Selection with Neuroimaging Data

PubMed Central

Abram, Samantha V.; Helwig, Nathaniel E.; Moodie, Craig A.; DeYoung, Colin G.; MacDonald, Angus W.; Waller, Niels G.

2016-01-01

Recent advances in fMRI research highlight the use of multivariate methods for examining whole-brain connectivity. Complementary data-driven methods are needed for determining the subset of predictors related to individual differences. Although commonly used for this purpose, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression may not be ideal due to multi-collinearity and over-fitting issues. Penalized regression is a promising and underutilized alternative to OLS regression. In this paper, we propose a nonparametric bootstrap quantile (QNT) approach for variable selection with neuroimaging data. We use real and simulated data, as well as annotated R code, to demonstrate the benefits of our proposed method. Our results illustrate the practical potential of our proposed bootstrap QNT approach. Our real data example demonstrates how our method can be used to relate individual differences in neural network connectivity with an externalizing personality measure. Also, our simulation results reveal that the QNT method is effective under a variety of data conditions. Penalized regression yields more stable estimates and sparser models than OLS regression in situations with large numbers of highly correlated neural predictors. Our results demonstrate that penalized regression is a promising method for examining associations between neural predictors and clinically relevant traits or behaviors. These findings have important implications for the growing field of functional connectivity research, where multivariate methods produce numerous, highly correlated brain networks. PMID:27516732

75 FR 48276 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Management of Unpriced Change Orders

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-10

...D to retain the uniquely Government right to issue unilateral change orders and then penalize... Regulatory Flexibility Act, 5 U.S.C. 601, et seq., because the change is to internal Government operating... Subjects in 48 CFR Parts 215, 217, and 243 Government procurement. Ynette R. Shelkin, Editor, Defense...

20 CFR 404.1021 - Work for the District of Columbia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Section 404.1021 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND...; or (b) You are— (1) A patient or inmate of a hospital or penal institution and your work is for that... employment. If your work is not covered under Social Security, it may be covered as Medicare qualified...

Route Flap Damping Made Usable

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pelsser, Cristel; Maennel, Olaf; Mohapatra, Pradosh; Bush, Randy; Patel, Keyur

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), the de facto inter-domain routing protocol of the Internet, is known to be noisy. The protocol has two main mechanisms to ameliorate this, MinRouteAdvertisementInterval (MRAI), and Route Flap Damping (RFD). MRAI deals with very short bursts on the order of a few to 30 seconds. RFD deals with longer bursts, minutes to hours. Unfortunately, RFD was found to severely penalize sites for being well-connected because topological richness amplifies the number of update messages exchanged. So most operators have disabled it. Through measurement, this paper explores the avenue of absolutely minimal change to code, and shows that a few RFD algorithmic constants and limits can be trivially modified, with the result being damping a non-trivial amount of long term churn without penalizing well-behaved prefixes' normal convergence process.

[Psychological harassment].

PubMed

Puech, Paloma; Pitcho, Benjamin

2013-04-01

Two types of harassment are distinguished: sexual and psychological. In the private sector, according to French labour laws and the penal code, psychological harassment is actionable. It is up to the employer to prove the absence of harassment. The sanctions incurred can be up to 5 years imprisonment and a 150,000 euro fine and various measures of compensation for damages can be envisaged.

38 CFR 21.322 - Commencing dates of subsistence allowance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... of his or her child, or his or her adoption of a child, if the evidence of the event is received.... 5301. (Authority: 38 U.S.C. 3103(b)) (f) Incarcerated veterans. (1) Date of release from Federal, State, or local penal institution of a veteran incarcerated for conviction of a felony. (2) Earlier of the...

Medico-legal implications of mobbing. A false accusation of psychological harassment at the workplace.

PubMed

Jarreta, Begoña Martínez; García-Campayo, Javier; Gascón, Santiago; Bolea, Miguel

2004-12-02

Mobbing, or psychological harassment at the workplace, is usually defined as a situation in which a person or a group of people engage in extreme psychological violence against another person. In Spain, the number of reports for mobbing has increased extraordinarily in the last years. The reports are increasing dramatically not only before the Labour Courts, but also before the Civil Courts, with claims for damages, and before the Penal Court for offences causing physical or moral injury, etc., since at the present time this figure is not typified as an offence in the Spanish Penal Code. The high degree of complexity of this situation has given rise to frequent misuse of the term and to a number of false accusations of mobbing. A recent European Parliament Resolution on harassment at the workplace addressed the devastating consequences of false accusations. In this paper we present a case in which the "false" victim was mentally ill (paranoia) but succeed in generating an extreme dangerous environment of great harassment against the "false" assailants that were "falsely" accused of mobbing. Forensic diagnosis of the psychiatric disorder suffered by the "false" victim was essential to clarify the issue at the Penal Court.

[Scope of the cause of justification of the legitimate exercise of a right in the area of genetic criminality].

PubMed

Romeo Malanda, Sergio

2009-01-01

The Spanish penal Code of 1995 creates various crimes in relation to biotechnology, namely, the offence of genetic manipulation, the offence of cloning and the offence of fertilization of human eggs for purpose others than procreation. These new offences seek to protect new legal interests. But besides these interests, we must not forget that there also exist certain rights of the person that rely on reproductive and genetic technologies to be fully effective. That is why it is inevitable to bring to the discussion other interests of a different nature that may be in conflict with these new legal interests. This is the case in relation to the right to procreate and the right to scientific research. According to Article 20.7 of the Spanish penal Code, a person may justifiably engage in conduct that satisfies the elements of an offence if he has a right to do so. In this work the author analyses if certain conduct that could harm some legal interests, and therefore would be criminally punishable could be justified on the basis of the abovementioned rights to procreate and to undertake scientific research.

[Which legal consequences for those who provoke pain to infants?].

PubMed

Bellieni, C V; Gabbrielli, M; Tataranno, M L; Perrone, S; Buonocore, G

2012-02-01

The advances in perinatal care have led to a significant increase in neonatal survival rate but also to the rise of the number of invasive procedures. Several scientific studies show that newborns are able to feel pain more intensely than adults. Despite this evidence, neonatal pain and the right to an appropriate analgesia are systematically underestimated, ignoring ethical and moral principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. Infants are more susceptible to pain and the prolonged exposure to painful sensations can alter the neural development and the response to pain causing hyperalgesia. Anyone who caused pain without using any analgesic procedure due to negligence or incompetence, should be severely punished. The right to analgesia, fundamental principle, is fully incorporated in the Italian code of Medical deontology (article 3). The doctor who does not use analgesia for newborns' treatment can be indicted by the Italian penal code (art.582 and 583), aggravated by being the victim an infant, who is unable to defend himself. To avoid penal consequences, a careful education and attention are needed: "pediatric analgesia" should become a basic teaching in Universities and in specialization schools; analgesic treatments should be mandatory and annotated in the patient's file even for minor potentially painful procedures.

[Sponsoring of medical conferences, workshops and symposia by pharmaceutical companies. Physicians must be wary of this!].

PubMed

Warntjen, M

2009-12-01

The longstanding conventional forms of cooperation between medical organizations and physicians on the one hand and the pharmaceutical industry and manufacturers of medical products on the other hand nowadays hold the risk of coming into conflict with the public prosecutor. Typical circumstances which are taken up by the investigating authorities are financial supports of medical conferences, workshops and symposia. To understand the problem under criminal law it is important to become acquainted with the protective aim of the statutory offences of the acceptance of benefits according to section sign 331 of the Penal Code (Strafgesetzbuch, StGB) and of corruption according to section sign 332 of the Penal Code. The "trust of the general public in the objectivity of governmental decisions" must be protected and the "evil appearance of the corruptibility of official acts" must be counteracted. A basic differentiation is made between physicians with and without office-bearing functions. By paying attention to the recommendations and basic principles of cooperation between the medical profession and the healthcare industry presented in this article (transparency principle, equivalence principle, documentation principle and separation principle) the emergence of any suspicious factors can be effectively avoided.

48 CFR 28.204-2 - Certified or cashiers checks, bank drafts, money orders, or currency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... checks, bank drafts, money orders, or currency. 28.204-2 Section 28.204-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations... Other Security for Bonds 28.204-2 Certified or cashiers checks, bank drafts, money orders, or currency... draft, Post Office money order, or currency, in an amount equal to the penal sum of the bond, instead of...

48 CFR 28.204-2 - Certified or cashiers checks, bank drafts, money orders, or currency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... checks, bank drafts, money orders, or currency. 28.204-2 Section 28.204-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations... Other Security for Bonds 28.204-2 Certified or cashiers checks, bank drafts, money orders, or currency... draft, Post Office money order, or currency, in an amount equal to the penal sum of the bond, instead of...

48 CFR 28.204-2 - Certified or cashiers checks, bank drafts, money orders, or currency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... checks, bank drafts, money orders, or currency. 28.204-2 Section 28.204-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations... Other Security for Bonds 28.204-2 Certified or cashiers checks, bank drafts, money orders, or currency... draft, Post Office money order, or currency, in an amount equal to the penal sum of the bond, instead of...

48 CFR 28.204-2 - Certified or cashiers checks, bank drafts, money orders, or currency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... checks, bank drafts, money orders, or currency. 28.204-2 Section 28.204-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations... Other Security for Bonds 28.204-2 Certified or cashiers checks, bank drafts, money orders, or currency... draft, Post Office money order, or currency, in an amount equal to the penal sum of the bond, instead of...

48 CFR 28.204-2 - Certified or cashiers checks, bank drafts, money orders, or currency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... checks, bank drafts, money orders, or currency. 28.204-2 Section 28.204-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations... Other Security for Bonds 28.204-2 Certified or cashiers checks, bank drafts, money orders, or currency... draft, Post Office money order, or currency, in an amount equal to the penal sum of the bond, instead of...

[Medical end-of-life decisions and assisted suicide].

PubMed

Bosshard, Georg

2008-07-01

Medical end-of-life decisions that potentially shorten life (Sterbehilfe) are normally divided into four categories: Passive Sterbehilfe refers to withholding or withdrawing life-prolonging measures, indirect Sterbehilfe refers to the use of agents such as opioids or sedatives to alleviate symptoms of a terminally ill patient, assisted suicide (Suizidbeihilfe or Beihilfe zum Suizid) refers to prescribing and/or supplying a lethal drug in order to help someone to end his own life, and active euthanasia - which is illegal in any circumstances - means a doctor actively ending a patients life. In passive and indirect euthanasia, the will of a competent patient, or the presumed will of an incompetent patient respectively, is crucial. Assisted suicide is not illegal according to the Swiss Penal Code as long as there are no motives of self-interest of the individual assisting, and the individual assisted has decisional capacity. However, for doctors participating in assisted suicide, specific requirements of medical due care have to be met. What this means in the context of assisted suicide has recently been elaborated by the Swiss Federal Court of Justice.

[Current legal questions in relation to autologous blood transfusion and legally controlled blood donation in Germany].

PubMed

Biermann, E

1994-11-01

If a patient suffers any damage from treatment, the persons involved in transfusion medicine might be made liable according to civil and penal law for violations against the standards prescribed by the codes of performance and ethics of the individual professions. In order to avoid organisational liability, criteria for adequate patient care must be created which regulate facilities and equipment as well as staff. The typical hazards encountered in interdisciplinary cooperation between specialists of various branches of medicine must be counteracted by a constructive division of tasks and responsibilities. The participating physicians are moreover liable within the scope of the German law forbidding so-called 'unlawful interference with the possession of another' in the case of failure to obtain legally binding consent--usually resulting from inadequacies in informing the patient. The landmark decision by the German Federal Court of Justice on instructing patients about the risks of and alternatives to blood transfusions forces all those involved to take the consequences with regard to instructing patients about the risk of transfusions and concerning the implementation of techniques for sparing and replacing allogenic blood.

Tackling the Phenomenon of Elder Abuse in Italy: A Review of Existing Legislation and Policies as a Learning Resource

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Melchiorre, Maria Gabriella; Chiatti, Carlos; Lamura, Giovanni

2012-01-01

In Italy, data and information on prevalence and characteristics of elder abuse are very limited, and a specific legal and policy framework is lacking. Some articles of the Penal Code refer to the larger context of violence against disadvantaged groups, and some general support services not specifically dedicated to this issue are managed by local…

Lossless quantum data compression with exponential penalization: an operational interpretation of the quantum Rényi entropy.

PubMed

Bellomo, Guido; Bosyk, Gustavo M; Holik, Federico; Zozor, Steeve

2017-11-07

Based on the problem of quantum data compression in a lossless way, we present here an operational interpretation for the family of quantum Rényi entropies. In order to do this, we appeal to a very general quantum encoding scheme that satisfies a quantum version of the Kraft-McMillan inequality. Then, in the standard situation, where one is intended to minimize the usual average length of the quantum codewords, we recover the known results, namely that the von Neumann entropy of the source bounds the average length of the optimal codes. Otherwise, we show that by invoking an exponential average length, related to an exponential penalization over large codewords, the quantum Rényi entropies arise as the natural quantities relating the optimal encoding schemes with the source description, playing an analogous role to that of von Neumann entropy.

Even Lesbian Youths or Those Presumed to Be Lesbians Are Protected by the Constitution of Uganda--But to a Limited Extent: Rules the High Court

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mujuzi, Jamil Ddamulira

2009-01-01

The Ugandan Penal Code criminalizes same-sex relationships. The author analyzes the Ugandan High Court decision where the judge relied on the Constitution and international human rights instruments to hold that law enforcement officers must respect the rights to privacy and human dignity even of those people presumed to be in same-sex…

Practical Guide for Emergency Crime Prevention and Penal System Alternatives in Crisis Relocation Planning.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-01

93117____________ 11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAMIE AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE Federal Emergency Management Agency 21 September 1982 13. NUMBER OF...relocation is the controlled , orderly evacuation of a community that is a possible target for attack by a foreign power. The concept of crisis...SI s Relocation? Crisis relocation is the controlled , orderly evacuation of a comunity which is considered a possible target for foreign attack

Prioritized LT Codes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Woo, Simon S.; Cheng, Michael K.

2011-01-01

The original Luby Transform (LT) coding scheme is extended to account for data transmissions where some information symbols in a message block are more important than others. Prioritized LT codes provide unequal error protection (UEP) of data on an erasure channel by modifying the original LT encoder. The prioritized algorithm improves high-priority data protection without penalizing low-priority data recovery. Moreover, low-latency decoding is also obtained for high-priority data due to fast encoding. Prioritized LT codes only require a slight change in the original encoding algorithm, and no changes at all at the decoder. Hence, with a small complexity increase in the LT encoder, an improved UEP and low-decoding latency performance for high-priority data can be achieved. LT encoding partitions a data stream into fixed-sized message blocks each with a constant number of information symbols. To generate a code symbol from the information symbols in a message, the Robust-Soliton probability distribution is first applied in order to determine the number of information symbols to be used to compute the code symbol. Then, the specific information symbols are chosen uniform randomly from the message block. Finally, the selected information symbols are XORed to form the code symbol. The Prioritized LT code construction includes an additional restriction that code symbols formed by a relatively small number of XORed information symbols select some of these information symbols from the pool of high-priority data. Once high-priority data are fully covered, encoding continues with the conventional LT approach where code symbols are generated by selecting information symbols from the entire message block including all different priorities. Therefore, if code symbols derived from high-priority data experience an unusual high number of erasures, Prioritized LT codes can still reliably recover both high- and low-priority data. This hybrid approach decides not only "how to encode" but also "what to encode" to achieve UEP. Another advantage of the priority encoding process is that the majority of high-priority data can be decoded sooner since only a small number of code symbols are required to reconstruct high-priority data. This approach increases the likelihood that high-priority data is decoded first over low-priority data. The Prioritized LT code scheme achieves an improvement in high-priority data decoding performance as well as overall information recovery without penalizing the decoding of low-priority data, assuming high-priority data is no more than half of a message block. The cost is in the additional complexity required in the encoder. If extra computation resource is available at the transmitter, image, voice, and video transmission quality in terrestrial and space communications can benefit from accurate use of redundancy in protecting data with varying priorities.

[The concept of mental health deterioration in light of decisions by higher judicial bodies].

PubMed

Kaya, Ahsen; Aktaş, Ekin Özgür

2014-01-01

Important arrangements were made to protect an individuals' sexual safety in the Turkish Penal Code. During judgments of sexual crimes, the witnesses of medical experts are usually used for evidence collection and for researching whether the crimes were aggravated. Due to this, reports are frequently requested from all physicians in all fields of medicine in their daily clinical practices by judicial authorities. Following implementation of the new Turkish Penal Code, the concept of mental health deterioration was frequently discussed and is still a discussed topic in the fields of both law and medicine in terms of crimes against sexual immunity. It is believed that subjects discussed in this article will provide important information for both adult, child and adolescent mental health professionals in terms of drawing attention to the importance of the medicolegal evaluations which are frequently requested from psychiatrists in their daily clinical practice and in terms of providing an evaluation of the concept of mental health deterioration in light of judicial decisions. Regarding the process from the beginning of application to the present, prejudications reduce questions about how the concept must be evaluated and what the meaning of the concept is. In this study, the decisions of Higher Judicial Bodies were researched and situations relating to how concepts must be evaluated and the meaning of the concept of mental health deterioration today in accordance with the prejudications were presented.

Violence In Honduras: An Analysis of the Failure in Public Security and the States Response to Criminality

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

cocaine trafficking from the Caribbean to Central America and decline of the major Colombian TCOs and the rise of Mexican TCOs, and the weak internal...34 Alison Siskin, “Immigration-Related Detention Current Legislative Issues” (CRS Report for Congress, January 12, 2012), 12. 11 2009... legislative action with the passage of the reform of article 332 of the penal code, known as Ley Antimaras. Under this anti-gang law, membership in

Judgment, 16 June 1989.

PubMed

1989-01-01

On June 16, 1989 the following legal provisions were declared unconstitutional: 1) Articles 134 (2) and 135 of the Ecuador Civil Code, which require a wife to be obedient to her husband and to follow him to wherever he chooses to have his residence; 2) Articles 250-256 of the Civil Code, which set forth rules relating to the filiation of children whose pregnancy is declared within 30 days after the separation of the wife from the husband, which among other things, give the husband the right to provide a companion for the wife until she gives birth or to force the wife to take up residence with a family of his choice; 3) Articles 12, and 14-16 of the Commercial Code, which provide that a wife can engage in business only with the authorization of her husband; and 4) Article 27 of the Penal Code, which excuses crimes involving murder, wounding, or battery committed by a man when he surprises his daughter, granddaughter, or sister engaged in an unlawful carnal act.

40 CFR 33.410 - Can a recipient be penalized for failing to meet its fair share objectives?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Can a recipient be penalized for failing to meet its fair share objectives? 33.410 Section 33.410 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... penalized for failing to meet its fair share objectives? A recipient cannot be penalized, or treated by EPA...

40 CFR 33.410 - Can a recipient be penalized for failing to meet its fair share objectives?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Can a recipient be penalized for failing to meet its fair share objectives? 33.410 Section 33.410 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... penalized for failing to meet its fair share objectives? A recipient cannot be penalized, or treated by EPA...

40 CFR 33.410 - Can a recipient be penalized for failing to meet its fair share objectives?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Can a recipient be penalized for failing to meet its fair share objectives? 33.410 Section 33.410 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... penalized for failing to meet its fair share objectives? A recipient cannot be penalized, or treated by EPA...

40 CFR 33.410 - Can a recipient be penalized for failing to meet its fair share objectives?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Can a recipient be penalized for failing to meet its fair share objectives? 33.410 Section 33.410 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... penalized for failing to meet its fair share objectives? A recipient cannot be penalized, or treated by EPA...

40 CFR 33.410 - Can a recipient be penalized for failing to meet its fair share objectives?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Can a recipient be penalized for failing to meet its fair share objectives? 33.410 Section 33.410 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... penalized for failing to meet its fair share objectives? A recipient cannot be penalized, or treated by EPA...

Physician-assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in Indian Context: Sooner or Later the Need to Ponder!

PubMed Central

Khan, Farooq; Tadros, George

2013-01-01

Physician-assisted suicide (PAS) is a controversial subject which has recently captured the interest of media, public, politicians, and medical profession. Although active euthanasia and PAS are illegal in most parts of the world, with the exception of Switzerland and the Netherlands, there is pressure from some politicians and patient support groups to legalize this practice in and around Europe that could possibly affect many parts of the world. The legal status of PAS and euthanasia in India lies in the Indian Penal Code, which deals with the issues of euthanasia, both active and passive, and also PAS. According to Penal Code 1860, active euthanasia is an offence under Section 302 (punishment for murder) or at least under Section 304 (punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder). The difference between euthanasia and physician assisted death lies in who administers the lethal dose; in euthanasia, this is done by a doctor or by a third person, whereas in physician-assisted death, this is done by the patient himself. Various religions and their aspects on suicide, PAS, and euthanasia are discussed. People argue that hospitals do not pay attention to patients’ wishes, especially when they are suffering from terminally ill, crippling, and non-responding medical conditions. This is bound to change with the new laws, which might be implemented if PAS is legalized. This issue is becoming relevant to psychiatrists as they need to deal with mental capacity issues all the time. PMID:23833354

Advocating for safe abortion in Rwanda: how young people and the personal stories of young women in prison brought about change.

PubMed

Umuhoza, Chantal; Oosters, Barbara; van Reeuwijk, Miranda; Vanwesenbeeck, Ine

2013-05-01

In June 2012, a new abortion law came into effect in Rwanda as part of a larger review of Rwanda's penal code. This was a significant step in a country where it was previously taboo even to discuss abortion. This article describes some of the crucial elements in how this success was achieved in Rwanda, which began through a project launched by Rutgers WPF on "sensitive issues in young people's sexuality" in several countries. This paper describes how the Rwandan Youth Action Movement decided to work on unsafe abortion as part of this project. They gathered data on the extent of unsafe abortion and testimonies of young Rwandan women in prison for abortions; organized debates, values clarification exercises, interviews and a survey in four universities; launched a petition for law reform; produced awareness-raising materials; worked with the media; and met with representatives from government ministries, the national women's and youth councils, and parliamentarians - all of which played a significant role in the advocacy process for amendment of the law, which was revised when the penal code came up for review in June 2012. This history shows how important the role of young people can be in producing change and exposes, through personal stories, the need for a better abortion law, not only in Rwanda but also elsewhere. Copyright © 2013 Reproductive Health Matters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

1 CFR 5.5 - Supplement to the Code of Federal Regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Supplement to the Code of Federal Regulations. 5.5 Section 5.5 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER THE FEDERAL REGISTER GENERAL § 5.5 Supplement to the Code of Federal Regulations. The Federal Register serves as a...

1 CFR 5.5 - Supplement to the Code of Federal Regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Supplement to the Code of Federal Regulations. 5.5 Section 5.5 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER THE FEDERAL REGISTER GENERAL § 5.5 Supplement to the Code of Federal Regulations. The Federal Register serves as a...

1 CFR 5.5 - Supplement to the Code of Federal Regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2014-01-01 2012-01-01 true Supplement to the Code of Federal Regulations. 5.5 Section 5.5 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER THE FEDERAL REGISTER GENERAL § 5.5 Supplement to the Code of Federal Regulations. The Federal Register serves as a...

1 CFR 5.5 - Supplement to the Code of Federal Regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2013-01-01 2012-01-01 true Supplement to the Code of Federal Regulations. 5.5 Section 5.5 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER THE FEDERAL REGISTER GENERAL § 5.5 Supplement to the Code of Federal Regulations. The Federal Register serves as a...

1 CFR 5.5 - Supplement to the Code of Federal Regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Supplement to the Code of Federal Regulations. 5.5 Section 5.5 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER THE FEDERAL REGISTER GENERAL § 5.5 Supplement to the Code of Federal Regulations. The Federal Register serves as a...

FEDEF: A High Level Architecture Federate Development Framework

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

require code changes for operability between HLA specifications. Configuration of federate requirements such as publications, subscriptions, time ... management , and management protocol should occur outside of federate source code, allowing for federate reusability without code modification and re

A characteristic based volume penalization method for general evolution problems applied to compressible viscous flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brown-Dymkoski, Eric; Kasimov, Nurlybek; Vasilyev, Oleg V.

2014-04-01

In order to introduce solid obstacles into flows, several different methods are used, including volume penalization methods which prescribe appropriate boundary conditions by applying local forcing to the constitutive equations. One well known method is Brinkman penalization, which models solid obstacles as porous media. While it has been adapted for compressible, incompressible, viscous and inviscid flows, it is limited in the types of boundary conditions that it imposes, as are most volume penalization methods. Typically, approaches are limited to Dirichlet boundary conditions. In this paper, Brinkman penalization is extended for generalized Neumann and Robin boundary conditions by introducing hyperbolic penalization terms with characteristics pointing inward on solid obstacles. This Characteristic-Based Volume Penalization (CBVP) method is a comprehensive approach to conditions on immersed boundaries, providing for homogeneous and inhomogeneous Dirichlet, Neumann, and Robin boundary conditions on hyperbolic and parabolic equations. This CBVP method can be used to impose boundary conditions for both integrated and non-integrated variables in a systematic manner that parallels the prescription of exact boundary conditions. Furthermore, the method does not depend upon a physical model, as with porous media approach for Brinkman penalization, and is therefore flexible for various physical regimes and general evolutionary equations. Here, the method is applied to scalar diffusion and to direct numerical simulation of compressible, viscous flows. With the Navier-Stokes equations, both homogeneous and inhomogeneous Neumann boundary conditions are demonstrated through external flow around an adiabatic and heated cylinder. Theoretical and numerical examination shows that the error from penalized Neumann and Robin boundary conditions can be rigorously controlled through an a priori penalization parameter η. The error on a transient boundary is found to converge as O(η), which is more favorable than the error convergence of the already established Dirichlet boundary condition.

[Assessment of criminal responsibility in paraphilic disorder. Can the severity of the disorder be assessed with items of standardized prognostic instruments?].

PubMed

Briken, P; Müller, J L

2014-03-01

Assessment of the severity of paraphilic disorders is an important aspect of psychiatric court reports for assessing criminal responsibility and placement in a forensic psychiatric hospital according to the German penal code (§§ 20, 21, 63 StGB). The minimum requirements for appraisal of criminal responsibility published by an interdisciplinary working group under the guidance of the German Federal Court of Justice define the standards for this procedure. This paper presents a research concept that aims to assess the severity of paraphilic disorders by using items of standardized prognostic instruments. In addition to a formal diagnosis according to the international classification of diseases (ICD) and the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental diseases (DSM) criteria, the items "deviant sexual interests" and "sexual preoccupations" from the prognosis instrument Stable 2007 are used to assess the severity of paraphilic disorders. Other criteria, such as "relationship deficits" are used to support the appraisal of the severity of the disorder. The items "sexual preoccupation", "emotional collapse" and "collapse of social support" from the prognosis instrument Acute 2007 are used to assess the capacity for self-control. In a next step the validity and reliability of this concept will be tested.

Error Covariance Penalized Regression: A novel multivariate model combining penalized regression with multivariate error structure.

PubMed

Allegrini, Franco; Braga, Jez W B; Moreira, Alessandro C O; Olivieri, Alejandro C

2018-06-29

A new multivariate regression model, named Error Covariance Penalized Regression (ECPR) is presented. Following a penalized regression strategy, the proposed model incorporates information about the measurement error structure of the system, using the error covariance matrix (ECM) as a penalization term. Results are reported from both simulations and experimental data based on replicate mid and near infrared (MIR and NIR) spectral measurements. The results for ECPR are better under non-iid conditions when compared with traditional first-order multivariate methods such as ridge regression (RR), principal component regression (PCR) and partial least-squares regression (PLS). Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

1 CFR 11.3 - Code of Federal Regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Code of Federal Regulations. 11.3 Section 11.3 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER AVAILABILITY OF OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL... complete set of the Code of Federal Regulations is $1,019 per year for the bound, paper edition, or $247...

1 CFR 11.3 - Code of Federal Regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Code of Federal Regulations. 11.3 Section 11.3 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER AVAILABILITY OF OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL... complete set of the Code of Federal Regulations is $1,019 per year for the bound, paper edition, or $247...

1 CFR 11.3 - Code of Federal Regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Code of Federal Regulations. 11.3 Section 11.3 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER AVAILABILITY OF OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL... complete set of the Code of Federal Regulations is $1,019 per year for the bound, paper edition, or $247...

Race Making in a Penal Institution.

PubMed

Walker, Michael L

2016-01-01

This article provides a ground-level investigation into the lives of penal inmates, linking the literature on race making and penal management to provide an understanding of racial formation processes in a modern penal institution. Drawing on 135 days of ethnographic data collected as an inmate in a Southern California county jail system, the author argues that inmates are subjected to two mutually constitutive racial projects--one institutional and the other microinteractional. Operating in symbiosis within a narrative of risk management, these racial projects increase (rather than decrease) incidents of intraracial violence and the potential for interracial violence. These findings have implications for understanding the process of racialization and evaluating the effectiveness of penal management strategies.

48 CFR 1.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 1.105-1 Section 1.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 1.105-1 Publication and code...

48 CFR 1.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 1.105-1 Section 1.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 1.105-1 Publication and code...

48 CFR 1.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 1.105-1 Section 1.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 1.105-1 Publication and code...

Use of atropine penalization to treat amblyopia in UK orthoptic practice.

PubMed

Piano, Marianne; O'Connor, Anna R; Newsham, David

2014-01-01

To compare clinical practice patterns regarding atropine penalization use by UK orthoptists to the current evidence base and identify any existing barriers against use of AP as first-line treatment. An online survey was designed to assess current practice patterns of UK orthoptists using atropine penalization. They were asked to identify issues limiting their use of atropine penalization and give opinions on its effectiveness compared to occlusion. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were applied to the results. Responses were obtained from 151 orthoptists throughout the United Kingdom. The main perceived barriers to use of atropine penalization were inability to prescribe atropine and supply difficulties. However, respondents also did not consider atropine penalization as effective as occlusion in treating amblyopia, contrary to recent research findings. Patient selection criteria and treatment administration largely follow current evidence. More orthoptists use atropine penalization as first-line treatment than previously reported. Practitioners tend to closely follow the current evidence base when using atropine penalization, but reluctance in offering it as first-line treatment or providing a choice for parents between occlusion and atropine still remains. This may result from concerns regarding atropine's general efficacy, side effects, and risk of reverse amblyopia. Alternatively, as demonstrated in other areas of medicine, it may reflect the inherent delay of research findings translating to clinical practice changes. Copyright 2014, SLACK Incorporated.

[Selected legal aspects of the protection of the unborn child in the light of the draft amendment to the Polish Penal Code].

PubMed

Urbaniak, Moniak; Spaczyński, Robert Z

2015-10-01

Criminal Law Codification Commission, acting at the Ministry of Justice prepared proposals for amendments in the Polish Penal Code, related to offenses against life and health that were presented to the public in 2013. The draft provides for the protection of the child in the prenatal stage, introducing a new category of the entity to be protected, which is "unborn child" and "unborn child able to live outside the mother's body". These regulations provide for mothers criminal liability and responsibility of the medical staff (a doctor), as well as the child's father to the extent in which he is obliged to take steps aimed at rescuing the fetus. It is doctor's responsibility to show particular care for human health and life since a doctor has special medical knowledge and that is regulated by art. 30 of the act on professions of doctor and dentist. The proposed rule changes were not brought before the legislature in the current term of the Sejm (2011-2015), but due to the development of medicine, including obstetrical ultrasound, which enables visualization of a child that moves in the womb and is treated as a separate entity with distinct personal features the grounds are given for the opinion that the issue of the legal status of the unborn child, particularly in the context of causing death of a child in the last phase before birth as a result of medical malpractice or other external factors will be back in the public discussion.

Formulation of Policy for Cyber Crime in Criminal Law Revision Concept of Bill Book of Criminal Law (A New Penal Code)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soponyono, Eko; Deva Bernadhi, Brav

2017-04-01

Development of national legal systems is aimed to establish the public welfare and the protection of the public. Many attempts has been carried out to renew material criminal law and those efforts results in the formulation of the concept of the draft Law Book of the Law of Criminal Law in the form of concept criminal code draft. The basic ideas in drafting rules and regulation based on the values inside the idology of Pancasila are balance among various norm and rules in society. The design concept of the New Criminal Code Act is anticipatory and proactive to formulate provisions on Crime in Cyberspace and Crime on Information and Electronic Transactions. Several issues compiled in this paper are whether the policy in formulation of cyber crime is embodied in the provisions of the current legislation and what the policies formulation of cyber crime is in the concept of the bill book of law - criminal law recently?.

7 CFR 1484.73 - Are Cooperators penalized for failing to make required contributions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Are Cooperators penalized for failing to make... Cooperators penalized for failing to make required contributions? A Cooperator's contribution requirement is specified in the Cooperator program allocation letter. If a Cooperator fails to contribute the amount...

7 CFR 1484.73 - Are Cooperators penalized for failing to make required contributions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Are Cooperators penalized for failing to make... Cooperators penalized for failing to make required contributions? A Cooperator's contribution requirement is specified in the Cooperator program allocation letter. If a Cooperator fails to contribute the amount...

7 CFR 1484.73 - Are Cooperators penalized for failing to make required contributions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Are Cooperators penalized for failing to make... Cooperators penalized for failing to make required contributions? A Cooperator's contribution requirement is specified in the Cooperator program allocation letter. If a Cooperator fails to contribute the amount...

7 CFR 1484.73 - Are Cooperators penalized for failing to make required contributions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Are Cooperators penalized for failing to make... § 1484.73 Are Cooperators penalized for failing to make required contributions? A Cooperator's contribution requirement is specified in the Cooperator program allocation letter. If a Cooperator fails to...

7 CFR 1484.73 - Are Cooperators penalized for failing to make required contributions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Are Cooperators penalized for failing to make... § 1484.73 Are Cooperators penalized for failing to make required contributions? A Cooperator's contribution requirement is specified in the Cooperator program allocation letter. If a Cooperator fails to...

'Other Spaces' for the Dangerous Dead of Provincial England, c.1752-1832.

PubMed

Hurren, Elizabeth T

2018-01-01

The Murder Act (1752) decreed that homicide perpetrators should be hanged and sent for post-execution punishment. This article explores the event management of criminal dissections by penal surgeons in situ . It reveals that the punishment parade of the condemned did not stop at the scaffold, contrary to the impression in many standard historical accounts. Instead, ordinary people accompanied criminal corpses to many different types of dissection venues. Penal surgeons hand-picked these performance spaces that were socially produced for legal and practical reasons. They had to be able to process large numbers of people who wanted to be part of the consumption of post-mortem 'harm' in English communities. Event management on location had to have emotional and visual appeal, moral coherence, be timed appropriately, and, if successful, would enhance the deterrence value of the capital code. Yet, managing the 'dangerous dead' involved a great deal of discretionary justice with unpredictable outcomes. It often happened in 'counter-sites' of punishment in the community and involved a great deal of immersive theatre. Some events worked well, others threatened the social order. In 'Other Spaces' the 'Dangerous Dead' was hence a fascinating feature of the Murder Act outside the Metropolis from 1752 to 1832.

48 CFR 2101.104-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... MANAGEMENT, FEDERAL EMPLOYEES GROUP LIFE INSURANCE FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL FEDERAL ACQUISITION... its subsequent changes are published in: (1) Daily issues of the Federal Register; and (2) The Code of...

41 CFR 102-80.85 - Are Federally owned and leased buildings exempt from State and local code requirements in fire...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... leased buildings exempt from State and local code requirements in fire protection? 102-80.85 Section 102... Fire Prevention State and Local Codes § 102-80.85 Are Federally owned and leased buildings exempt from State and local code requirements in fire protection? Federally owned buildings are generally exempt...

41 CFR 102-80.85 - Are Federally owned and leased buildings exempt from State and local code requirements in fire...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... leased buildings exempt from State and local code requirements in fire protection? 102-80.85 Section 102... Fire Prevention State and Local Codes § 102-80.85 Are Federally owned and leased buildings exempt from State and local code requirements in fire protection? Federally owned buildings are generally exempt...

41 CFR 102-80.85 - Are Federally owned and leased buildings exempt from State and local code requirements in fire...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... leased buildings exempt from State and local code requirements in fire protection? 102-80.85 Section 102... Fire Prevention State and Local Codes § 102-80.85 Are Federally owned and leased buildings exempt from State and local code requirements in fire protection? Federally owned buildings are generally exempt...

41 CFR 102-80.85 - Are Federally owned and leased buildings exempt from State and local code requirements in fire...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... leased buildings exempt from State and local code requirements in fire protection? 102-80.85 Section 102... Fire Prevention State and Local Codes § 102-80.85 Are Federally owned and leased buildings exempt from State and local code requirements in fire protection? Federally owned buildings are generally exempt...

41 CFR 102-80.85 - Are Federally owned and leased buildings exempt from State and local code requirements in fire...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... leased buildings exempt from State and local code requirements in fire protection? 102-80.85 Section 102... Fire Prevention State and Local Codes § 102-80.85 Are Federally owned and leased buildings exempt from State and local code requirements in fire protection? Federally owned buildings are generally exempt...

[Incest--forensic genetic approach].

PubMed

Raczek, Ewa

2012-01-01

The paper presents intimate relationships between biologically and legally close relatives, complicated in the social, culture and religion perspective. (art. 201 of the Penal Code), but it chiefly addresses problems associated with giving opinion on the fatherhood towards the incestuous child. The report calls for a broader interest in this issue from expert witnesses in forensic genetics, as well as encourages them to publish examples taken from their own professional experience that may unquestionably be helpful to other practitioners in this field and above all will lead to extending educational methods related to widely understood DNA analysis in giving an opinion on arguable fatherhood.

[Abortion and fetal non-viability: the Brazilian debate].

PubMed

Diniz, Debora

2005-01-01

The Case Against Non-Compliance with the Fundamental Principle concerning Anencephaly, under review by the Brazilian Supreme Court, is a milestone in the debate on abortion in Latin America. Since the currently prevailing version of the Brazilian Penal Code was enacted in 1940, there has been fierce resistance to any change in the country's abortion policy. This article discusses the arguments and political strategies used in the anencephaly suit brought before the Supreme Court, particularly the ethical and legal position that interruption of pregnancy in cases of anencephaly does not constitute abortion, but should be considered a therapeutic anticipation of delivery.

27 CFR 19.957 - Instructions to compute bond penal sum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Instructions to compute bond penal sum. 19.957 Section 19.957 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX... Fuel Use Bonds § 19.957 Instructions to compute bond penal sum. (a) Medium plants. To find the required...

48 CFR 901.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 901.105-1 Section 901.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY GENERAL FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 901.105-1 Publication and code...

48 CFR 901.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 901.105-1 Section 901.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY GENERAL FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 901.105-1 Publication and code...

48 CFR 2501.104-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 2501.104-1 Section 2501.104-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION... code arrangement. (a) The NSFAR is published in the daily issues of the Federal Register and, in...

48 CFR 2501.104-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 2501.104-1 Section 2501.104-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION... code arrangement. (a) The NSFAR is published in the daily issues of the Federal Register and, in...

48 CFR 2501.104-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 2501.104-1 Section 2501.104-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION... code arrangement. (a) The NSFAR is published in the daily issues of the Federal Register and, in...

48 CFR 1301.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 1301.105-1 Section 1301.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE... Publication and code arrangement. (a) The CAR is published in the Federal Register, in cumulative form in the...

48 CFR 1901.104-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 1901.104-1 Section 1901.104-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System BROADCASTING BOARD OF..., Issuance 1901.104-1 Publication and code arrangement. (a) The IAAR is published in the Federal Register and...

48 CFR 1301.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 1301.105-1 Section 1301.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE... Publication and code arrangement. (a) The CAR is published in the Federal Register, in cumulative form in the...

49 CFR 26.47 - Can recipients be penalized for failing to meet overall goals?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Can recipients be penalized for failing to meet... Goals, Good Faith Efforts, and Counting § 26.47 Can recipients be penalized for failing to meet overall... rule, because your DBE participation falls short of your overall goal, unless you have failed to...

43 CFR 4170.2-1 - Penal provisions under the Taylor Grazing Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Penal provisions under the Taylor Grazing Act. 4170.2-1 Section 4170.2-1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued...-EXCLUSIVE OF ALASKA Penalties § 4170.2-1 Penal provisions under the Taylor Grazing Act. Under section 2 of...

38 CFR 14.560 - Procedure where violation of penal statutes is involved including those offenses coming within...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Procedure where violation of penal statutes is involved including those offenses coming within the purview of the Assimilative... where violation of penal statutes is involved including those offenses coming within the purview of the...

38 CFR 14.560 - Procedure where violation of penal statutes is involved including those offenses coming within...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Procedure where violation of penal statutes is involved including those offenses coming within the purview of the Assimilative... where violation of penal statutes is involved including those offenses coming within the purview of the...

38 CFR 14.560 - Procedure where violation of penal statutes is involved including those offenses coming within...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Procedure where violation of penal statutes is involved including those offenses coming within the purview of the Assimilative... where violation of penal statutes is involved including those offenses coming within the purview of the...

38 CFR 14.560 - Procedure where violation of penal statutes is involved including those offenses coming within...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Procedure where violation of penal statutes is involved including those offenses coming within the purview of the Assimilative... where violation of penal statutes is involved including those offenses coming within the purview of the...

38 CFR 14.560 - Procedure where violation of penal statutes is involved including those offenses coming within...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Procedure where violation of penal statutes is involved including those offenses coming within the purview of the Assimilative... where violation of penal statutes is involved including those offenses coming within the purview of the...

Conventional occlusion versus pharmacologic penalization for amblyopia.

PubMed

Li, Tianjing; Shotton, Kate

2009-10-07

Amblyopia is defined as defective visual acuity in one or both eyes without demonstrable abnormality of the visual pathway, and is not immediately resolved by wearing glasses. To assess the effectiveness and safety of conventional occlusion versus atropine penalization for amblyopia. We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, preference lists, science citation index and ongoing trials up to June 2009. We included randomized/quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing conventional occlusion to atropine penalization for amblyopia. Two authors independently screened abstracts and full text articles, abstracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Three trials with a total of 525 amblyopic eyes were included. One trial was assessed as having a low risk of bias among these three trials, and one was assessed as having a high risk of bias.Evidence from three trials suggests atropine penalization is as effective as conventional occlusion. One trial found similar improvement in vision at six and 24 months. At six months, visual acuity in the amblyopic eye improved from baseline 3.16 lines in the occlusion and 2.84 lines in the atropine group (mean difference 0.034 logMAR; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.005 to 0.064 logMAR). At 24 months, additional improvement was seen in both groups; but there continued to be no meaningful difference (mean difference 0.01 logMAR; 95% CI -0.02 to 0.04 logMAR). The second trial reported atropine to be more effective than occlusion. At six months, visual acuity improved 1.8 lines in the patching group and 3.4 lines in the atropine penalization group, and was in favor of atropine (mean difference -0.16 logMAR; 95% CI -0.23 to -0.09 logMAR). Different occlusion modalities were used in these two trials. The third trial had inherent methodological flaws and limited inference could be drawn.No difference in ocular alignment, stereo acuity and sound eye visual acuity between occlusion and atropine penalization was found. Although both treatments were well tolerated, compliance was better in atropine. Atropine penalization costs less than conventional occlusion. The results indicate that atropine penalization is as effective as conventional occlusion. Both conventional occlusion and atropine penalization produce visual acuity improvement in the amblyopic eye. Atropine penalization appears to be as effective as conventional occlusion, although the magnitude of improvement differed among the three trials. Atropine penalization can be used as first line treatment for amblyopia.

On the advancement of therapeutic penality: therapeutic authority, personality science and the therapeutic community.

PubMed

McBride, Ruari-Santiago

2017-09-01

In this article I examine the advancement of therapeutic penality in the UK, a penal philosophy that reimagines prison policy, practices and environments utilising psychological knowledge. Adopting a historical approach, I show how modern therapeutic penality is linked to the emergence of personality science in the nineteenth century and the development of the democratic therapeutic community (DTC) model in the twentieth century. I outline how at the turn of the twenty-first century a catalytic event generated a moral panic that led the British government to mobilise psychological knowledge and technologies in an attempt to manage dangerous people with severe personality disorder. Tracing subsequent developments, I argue psychological ways of talking, thinking and acting have obtained unparalleled salience in domains of penality and, in turn, radically transformed the conditions of imprisonment. © 2017 Foundation for the Sociology of Health & Illness.

1 CFR 21.14 - Deviations from standard organization of the Code of Federal Regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Deviations from standard organization of the... CODIFICATION General Numbering § 21.14 Deviations from standard organization of the Code of Federal Regulations. (a) Any deviation from standard Code of Federal Regulations designations must be approved in advance...

41 CFR 102-76.10 - What basic design and construction policy governs Federal agencies?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

.... (c) Follow nationally recognized model building codes and other applicable nationally recognized codes that govern Federal construction to the maximum extent feasible and consider local building code requirements. (See 40 U.S.C. 3310 and 3312.) (d) Design Federal buildings to have a long life expectancy and...

CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS

EPA Science Inventory

The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is an annually revised codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government. The CFR is divided into 50 titles which represent broad areas subje...

Estimation of Covariance Matrix on Bi-Response Longitudinal Data Analysis with Penalized Spline Regression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Islamiyati, A.; Fatmawati; Chamidah, N.

2018-03-01

The correlation assumption of the longitudinal data with bi-response occurs on the measurement between the subjects of observation and the response. It causes the auto-correlation of error, and this can be overcome by using a covariance matrix. In this article, we estimate the covariance matrix based on the penalized spline regression model. Penalized spline involves knot points and smoothing parameters simultaneously in controlling the smoothness of the curve. Based on our simulation study, the estimated regression model of the weighted penalized spline with covariance matrix gives a smaller error value compared to the error of the model without covariance matrix.

Differentiating among penal states.

PubMed

Lacey, Nicola

2010-12-01

This review article assesses Loïc Wacquant's contribution to debates on penality, focusing on his most recent book, Punishing the Poor: The Neoliberal Government of Social Insecurity (Wacquant 2009), while setting its argument in the context of his earlier Prisons of Poverty (1999). In particular, it draws on both historical and comparative methods to question whether Wacquant's conception of 'the penal state' is adequately differentiated for the purposes of building the explanatory account he proposes; about whether 'neo-liberalism' has, materially, the global influence which he ascribes to it; and about whether, therefore, the process of penal Americanization which he asserts in his recent writings is credible.

Differential gene expression detection and sample classification using penalized linear regression models.

PubMed

Wu, Baolin

2006-02-15

Differential gene expression detection and sample classification using microarray data have received much research interest recently. Owing to the large number of genes p and small number of samples n (p > n), microarray data analysis poses big challenges for statistical analysis. An obvious problem owing to the 'large p small n' is over-fitting. Just by chance, we are likely to find some non-differentially expressed genes that can classify the samples very well. The idea of shrinkage is to regularize the model parameters to reduce the effects of noise and produce reliable inferences. Shrinkage has been successfully applied in the microarray data analysis. The SAM statistics proposed by Tusher et al. and the 'nearest shrunken centroid' proposed by Tibshirani et al. are ad hoc shrinkage methods. Both methods are simple, intuitive and prove to be useful in empirical studies. Recently Wu proposed the penalized t/F-statistics with shrinkage by formally using the (1) penalized linear regression models for two-class microarray data, showing good performance. In this paper we systematically discussed the use of penalized regression models for analyzing microarray data. We generalize the two-class penalized t/F-statistics proposed by Wu to multi-class microarray data. We formally derive the ad hoc shrunken centroid used by Tibshirani et al. using the (1) penalized regression models. And we show that the penalized linear regression models provide a rigorous and unified statistical framework for sample classification and differential gene expression detection.

48 CFR 1601.104-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 1601.104-1 Section 1601.104-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATIONS...

48 CFR 1601.104-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 1601.104-1 Section 1601.104-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATIONS...

48 CFR 1601.104-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 1601.104-1 Section 1601.104-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATIONS...

1 CFR 8.2 - Orderly development.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Orderly development. 8.2 Section 8.2 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER SPECIAL EDITIONS OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.2 Orderly development. To assure orderly development of the Code of Federal...

1 CFR 8.2 - Orderly development.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Orderly development. 8.2 Section 8.2 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER SPECIAL EDITIONS OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.2 Orderly development. To assure orderly development of the Code of Federal...

41 CFR 101-30.403-2 - Management codes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....403-2 Section 101-30.403-2 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System FEDERAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS SUPPLY AND PROCUREMENT 30-FEDERAL CATALOG SYSTEM 30.4-Use of the Federal Catalog System § 101-30.403-2 Management codes. For internal use within an...

41 CFR 101-30.403-2 - Management codes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

....403-2 Section 101-30.403-2 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System FEDERAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS SUPPLY AND PROCUREMENT 30-FEDERAL CATALOG SYSTEM 30.4-Use of the Federal Catalog System § 101-30.403-2 Management codes. For internal use within an...

41 CFR 101-30.403-2 - Management codes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

....403-2 Section 101-30.403-2 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System FEDERAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS SUPPLY AND PROCUREMENT 30-FEDERAL CATALOG SYSTEM 30.4-Use of the Federal Catalog System § 101-30.403-2 Management codes. For internal use within an...

41 CFR 101-30.403-2 - Management codes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

....403-2 Section 101-30.403-2 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System FEDERAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS SUPPLY AND PROCUREMENT 30-FEDERAL CATALOG SYSTEM 30.4-Use of the Federal Catalog System § 101-30.403-2 Management codes. For internal use within an...

1 CFR 8.2 - Orderly development.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2014-01-01 2012-01-01 true Orderly development. 8.2 Section 8.2 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER SPECIAL EDITIONS OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.2 Orderly development. To assure orderly development of the Code of Federal...

1 CFR 8.2 - Orderly development.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Orderly development. 8.2 Section 8.2 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER SPECIAL EDITIONS OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.2 Orderly development. To assure orderly development of the Code of Federal...

1 CFR 8.2 - Orderly development.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2013-01-01 2012-01-01 true Orderly development. 8.2 Section 8.2 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER SPECIAL EDITIONS OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.2 Orderly development. To assure orderly development of the Code of Federal...

‘Other Spaces’ for the Dangerous Dead of Provincial England, c.1752–1832

PubMed Central

HURREN, ELIZABETH T.

2018-01-01

Abstract The Murder Act (1752) decreed that homicide perpetrators should be hanged and sent for post‐execution punishment. This article explores the event management of criminal dissections by penal surgeons in situ. It reveals that the punishment parade of the condemned did not stop at the scaffold, contrary to the impression in many standard historical accounts. Instead, ordinary people accompanied criminal corpses to many different types of dissection venues. Penal surgeons hand‐picked these performance spaces that were socially produced for legal and practical reasons. They had to be able to process large numbers of people who wanted to be part of the consumption of post‐mortem ‘harm’ in English communities. Event management on location had to have emotional and visual appeal, moral coherence, be timed appropriately, and, if successful, would enhance the deterrence value of the capital code. Yet, managing the ‘dangerous dead’ involved a great deal of discretionary justice with unpredictable outcomes. It often happened in ‘counter‐sites’ of punishment in the community and involved a great deal of immersive theatre. Some events worked well, others threatened the social order. In ‘Other Spaces’ the ‘Dangerous Dead’ was hence a fascinating feature of the Murder Act outside the Metropolis from 1752 to 1832. PMID:29491511

Sparse generalized linear model with L0 approximation for feature selection and prediction with big omics data.

PubMed

Liu, Zhenqiu; Sun, Fengzhu; McGovern, Dermot P

2017-01-01

Feature selection and prediction are the most important tasks for big data mining. The common strategies for feature selection in big data mining are L 1 , SCAD and MC+. However, none of the existing algorithms optimizes L 0 , which penalizes the number of nonzero features directly. In this paper, we develop a novel sparse generalized linear model (GLM) with L 0 approximation for feature selection and prediction with big omics data. The proposed approach approximate the L 0 optimization directly. Even though the original L 0 problem is non-convex, the problem is approximated by sequential convex optimizations with the proposed algorithm. The proposed method is easy to implement with only several lines of code. Novel adaptive ridge algorithms ( L 0 ADRIDGE) for L 0 penalized GLM with ultra high dimensional big data are developed. The proposed approach outperforms the other cutting edge regularization methods including SCAD and MC+ in simulations. When it is applied to integrated analysis of mRNA, microRNA, and methylation data from TCGA ovarian cancer, multilevel gene signatures associated with suboptimal debulking are identified simultaneously. The biological significance and potential clinical importance of those genes are further explored. The developed Software L 0 ADRIDGE in MATLAB is available at https://github.com/liuzqx/L0adridge.

IPF-LASSO: Integrative L 1-Penalized Regression with Penalty Factors for Prediction Based on Multi-Omics Data

PubMed Central

Jiang, Xiaoyu; Fuchs, Mathias

2017-01-01

As modern biotechnologies advance, it has become increasingly frequent that different modalities of high-dimensional molecular data (termed “omics” data in this paper), such as gene expression, methylation, and copy number, are collected from the same patient cohort to predict the clinical outcome. While prediction based on omics data has been widely studied in the last fifteen years, little has been done in the statistical literature on the integration of multiple omics modalities to select a subset of variables for prediction, which is a critical task in personalized medicine. In this paper, we propose a simple penalized regression method to address this problem by assigning different penalty factors to different data modalities for feature selection and prediction. The penalty factors can be chosen in a fully data-driven fashion by cross-validation or by taking practical considerations into account. In simulation studies, we compare the prediction performance of our approach, called IPF-LASSO (Integrative LASSO with Penalty Factors) and implemented in the R package ipflasso, with the standard LASSO and sparse group LASSO. The use of IPF-LASSO is also illustrated through applications to two real-life cancer datasets. All data and codes are available on the companion website to ensure reproducibility. PMID:28546826

[Is preimplantation diagnosis legal?--on the need for harmonizing legislation].

PubMed

Ratzel, Rudolf

2002-07-01

Whether PGD is already legally permitted in Germany today is a moot point. A guidelines draft of the Germany's Federal General Medical Council, the Bundesärztekammer, on pre-implantation genetic diagnostics that--like the earlier findings of the ethics commission of the German federal state of the Rhineland-Palatinate--assumed that the method is admissible, if certain clearly-defined indications are present and a rigorous testing procedure has been established, has given the discussion a new impetus. The discussion is in full swing, with calls by politicians for the legislator to pass a regulation mounting. Of late, though, constitutional objections have been raised against a positive-law regulation. Such a simple legal move to regulate PGD, it is claimed, would violate the constitutionally-guaranteed right to inviolable human dignity. Critics, however, point out that such an absolute inviolability does not exist. According to them, not only the verdicts by the German Federal Constitutional Court, the Bundesverfassungsgericht, on the reform of section 218 of the German Federal Penal Code (StGB)--the paragraph that specifies the conditions under which an abortion is not punished--that relativize (in terms of the indication model) one claim to existence with respect to another, but also the approval in terms of pharmaceutical and medicine-products law of nidation-blocking agents, serve to show this. If the condition of being a human being were made to coincide with the completion of the genetic code upon the completion of the process of fertilisation, then one tended to forget, the critics noted, that this attendant dignity was not properly "infused with life" unless nidation had been successful. Without nidation everything were fragmentary, the total protection of human dignity according to Article 1 Section 1 of the Federal Republic's Basic Law, Germany's constitution, notwithstanding. During every in vitro fertilisation embryo transfer is conditional upon a variety of factors the presence of which is not noted until after fertilisation has taken place. On the part of the embryos, too, certain conditions have to be met whose presence at the moment of fertilisation is not assured. Thus an embryo with, for instance, defects that can be visually detected will not be transferred. With regard to these facts too the opponents of pre-implantation genetic diagnostics must be challenged to answer the question of why an embryo with visually-detectable defects should undoubtedly be allowed to be discarded, but the act of searching for "internal" defects be banned. Thus the fact remains that the mere acceptance of the loss of created embryos does not make artificial insemination a punishable offense, as long as the motive for the act is to bring about pregnancy. To achieve legal security for the couples and the physicians involved the law on the protection of embryos should be changed. The new regulations should determine under which conditions PGD is permissible. As is already the case for other norms that apply to reproductive medicine, but also for the practice of abortion, these regulations should contain an analogous right of refusal for the professionals involved. The laws relating to the healing professions, to the professional chambers, as well as the regulations of the various German federal states (which together constitute the Federal Republic of Germany) that apply to the professions should be amended accordingly.

45 CFR 261.15 - Can a family be penalized if a parent refuses to work because he or she cannot find child care?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Provisions Addressing Individual Responsibility? § 261.15 Can a family be penalized if a parent refuses to... parent caring for a child under age six who has a demonstrated inability to obtain needed child care, as... 45 Public Welfare 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Can a family be penalized if a parent refuses to...

45 CFR 261.15 - Can a family be penalized if a parent refuses to work because he or she cannot find child care?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Provisions Addressing Individual Responsibility? § 261.15 Can a family be penalized if a parent refuses to... parent caring for a child under age six who has a demonstrated inability to obtain needed child care, as... 45 Public Welfare 2 2013-10-01 2012-10-01 true Can a family be penalized if a parent refuses to...

45 CFR 261.15 - Can a family be penalized if a parent refuses to work because he or she cannot find child care?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Provisions Addressing Individual Responsibility? § 261.15 Can a family be penalized if a parent refuses to... parent caring for a child under age six who has a demonstrated inability to obtain needed child care, as... 45 Public Welfare 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Can a family be penalized if a parent refuses to...

45 CFR 261.15 - Can a family be penalized if a parent refuses to work because he or she cannot find child care?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Provisions Addressing Individual Responsibility? § 261.15 Can a family be penalized if a parent refuses to... parent caring for a child under age six who has a demonstrated inability to obtain needed child care, as... 45 Public Welfare 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Can a family be penalized if a parent refuses to...

45 CFR 261.15 - Can a family be penalized if a parent refuses to work because he or she cannot find child care?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Provisions Addressing Individual Responsibility? § 261.15 Can a family be penalized if a parent refuses to... parent caring for a child under age six who has a demonstrated inability to obtain needed child care, as... 45 Public Welfare 2 2014-10-01 2012-10-01 true Can a family be penalized if a parent refuses to...

Integrative Analysis of “-Omics” Data Using Penalty Functions

PubMed Central

Zhao, Qing; Shi, Xingjie; Huang, Jian; Liu, Jin; Li, Yang; Ma, Shuangge

2014-01-01

In the analysis of omics data, integrative analysis provides an effective way of pooling information across multiple datasets or multiple correlated responses, and can be more effective than single-dataset (response) analysis. Multiple families of integrative analysis methods have been proposed in the literature. The current review focuses on the penalization methods. Special attention is paid to sparse meta-analysis methods that pool summary statistics across datasets, and integrative analysis methods that pool raw data across datasets. We discuss their formulation and rationale. Beyond “standard” penalized selection, we also review contrasted penalization and Laplacian penalization which accommodate finer data structures. The computational aspects, including computational algorithms and tuning parameter selection, are examined. This review concludes with possible limitations and extensions. PMID:25691921

Regulating alcohol advertising: content analysis of the adequacy of federal and self-regulation of magazine advertisements, 2008-2010.

PubMed

Smith, Katherine C; Cukier, Samantha; Jernigan, David H

2014-10-01

We analyzed beer, spirits, and alcopop magazine advertisements to determine adherence to federal and voluntary advertising standards. We assessed the efficacy of these standards in curtailing potentially damaging content and protecting public health. We obtained data from a content analysis of a census of 1795 unique advertising creatives for beer, spirits, and alcopops placed in nationally available magazines between 2008 and 2010. We coded creatives for manifest content and adherence to federal regulations and industry codes. Advertisements largely adhered to existing regulations and codes. We assessed only 23 ads as noncompliant with federal regulations and 38 with industry codes. Content consistent with the codes was, however, often culturally positive in terms of aspirational depictions. In addition, creatives included degrading and sexualized images, promoted risky behavior, and made health claims associated with low-calorie content. Existing codes and regulations are largely followed regarding content but do not adequately protect against content that promotes unhealthy and irresponsible consumption and degrades potentially vulnerable populations in its depictions. Our findings suggest further limitations and enhanced federal oversight may be necessary to protect public health.

48 CFR 452.219-70 - Size Standard and NAICS Code Information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Size Standard and NAICS Code Information. 452.219-70 Section 452.219-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF... System Code(s) and business size standard(s) describing the products and/or services to be acquired under...

Hospital Characteristics Associated With Penalties in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program.

PubMed

Rajaram, Ravi; Chung, Jeanette W; Kinnier, Christine V; Barnard, Cynthia; Mohanty, Sanjay; Pavey, Emily S; McHugh, Megan C; Bilimoria, Karl Y

2015-07-28

In fiscal year (FY) 2015, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) instituted the Hospital-Acquired Condition (HAC) Reduction Program, which reduces payments to the lowest-performing hospitals. However, it is uncertain whether this program accurately measures quality and fairly penalizes hospitals. To examine the characteristics of hospitals penalized by the HAC Reduction Program and to evaluate the association of a summary score of hospital characteristics related to quality with penalization in the HAC program. Data for hospitals participating in the FY2015 HAC Reduction Program were obtained from CMS' Hospital Compare and merged with the 2014 American Hospital Association Annual Survey and FY2015 Medicare Impact File. Logistic regression models were developed to examine the association between hospital characteristics and HAC program penalization. An 8-point hospital quality summary score was created using hospital characteristics related to volume, accreditations, and offering of advanced care services. The relationship between the hospital quality summary score and HAC program penalization was examined. Publicly reported process-of-care and outcome measures were examined from 4 clinical areas (surgery, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, pneumonia), and their association with the hospital quality summary score was evaluated. Penalization in the HAC Reduction Program. Hospital characteristics associated with penalization. Of the 3284 hospitals participating in the HAC program, 721 (22.0%) were penalized. Hospitals were more likely to be penalized if they were accredited by the Joint Commission (24.0% accredited, 14.4% not accredited; odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% CI, 1.04-1.70); they were major teaching hospitals (42.3%; OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.09-2.29) or very major teaching hospitals (62.2%; OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.55-4.39; vs nonteaching hospitals, 17.0%); they cared for more complex patient populations based on case mix index (quartile 4 vs quartile 1: 32.8% vs 12.1%; OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.44-2.71); or they were safety-net hospitals vs non-safety-net hospitals (28.3% vs 19.9%; OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.11-1.68). Hospitals with higher hospital quality summary scores had significantly better performance on 9 of 10 publicly reported process and outcomes measures compared with hospitals that had lower quality scores (all P ≤ .01 for trend). However, hospitals with the highest quality score of 8 were penalized significantly more frequently than hospitals with the lowest quality score of 0 (67.3% [37/55] vs 12.6% [53/422]; P < .001 for trend). Among hospitals participating in the HAC Reduction Program, hospitals that were penalized more frequently had more quality accreditations, offered advanced services, were major teaching institutions, and had better performance on other process and outcome measures. These paradoxical findings suggest that the approach for assessing hospital penalties in the HAC Reduction Program merits reconsideration to ensure it is achieving the intended goals.

Enforcing the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes for Better Promotion of Exclusive Breastfeeding: Can Lessons Be Learned?

PubMed

Barennes, Hubert; Slesak, Guenther; Goyet, Sophie; Aaron, Percy; Srour, Leila M

2016-02-01

Exclusive breastfeeding, one of the best natural resources, needs protection and promotion. The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (the Code), which aims to prevent the undermining of breastfeeding by formula advertising, faces implementation challenges. We reviewed frequently overlooked challenges and obstacles that the Code is facing worldwide, but particularly in Southeast Asia. Drawing lessons from various countries where we work, and following the example of successful public health interventions, we discussed legislation, enforcement, and experiences that are needed to successfully implement the Code. Successful holistic approaches that have strengthened the Code need to be scaled up. Community-based actions and peer-to-peer promotions have proved successful. Legislation without stringent enforcement and sufficient penalties is ineffective. The public needs education about the benefits and ways and means to support breastfeeding. It is crucial to combine strong political commitment and leadership with strict national regulations, definitions, and enforcement. National breastfeeding committees, with the authority to improve regulations, investigate violations, and enforce the laws, must be established. Systematic monitoring and reporting are needed to identify companies, individuals, intermediaries, and practices that infringe on the Code. Penalizing violators is crucial. Managers of multinational companies must be held accountable for international violations, and international legislative enforcement needs to be established. Further measures should include improved regulations to protect the breastfeeding mother: large-scale education campaigns; strong penalties for Code violators; exclusion of the formula industry from nutrition, education, and policy roles; supportive legal networks; and independent research of interventions supporting breastfeeding. © The Author(s) 2015.

Performance and robustness of penalized and unpenalized methods for genetic prediction of complex human disease.

PubMed

Abraham, Gad; Kowalczyk, Adam; Zobel, Justin; Inouye, Michael

2013-02-01

A central goal of medical genetics is to accurately predict complex disease from genotypes. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of simulated and real data using lasso and elastic-net penalized support-vector machine models, a mixed-effects linear model, a polygenic score, and unpenalized logistic regression. In simulation, the sparse penalized models achieved lower false-positive rates and higher precision than the other methods for detecting causal SNPs. The common practice of prefiltering SNP lists for subsequent penalized modeling was examined and shown to substantially reduce the ability to recover the causal SNPs. Using genome-wide SNP profiles across eight complex diseases within cross-validation, lasso and elastic-net models achieved substantially better predictive ability in celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and Crohn's disease, and had equivalent predictive ability in the rest, with the results in celiac disease strongly replicating between independent datasets. We investigated the effect of linkage disequilibrium on the predictive models, showing that the penalized methods leverage this information to their advantage, compared with methods that assume SNP independence. Our findings show that sparse penalized approaches are robust across different disease architectures, producing as good as or better phenotype predictions and variance explained. This has fundamental ramifications for the selection and future development of methods to genetically predict human disease. © 2012 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.

Analyzing Association Mapping in Pedigree-Based GWAS Using a Penalized Multitrait Mixed Model

PubMed Central

Liu, Jin; Yang, Can; Shi, Xingjie; Li, Cong; Huang, Jian; Zhao, Hongyu; Ma, Shuangge

2017-01-01

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have led to the identification of many genetic variants associated with complex diseases in the past 10 years. Penalization methods, with significant numerical and statistical advantages, have been extensively adopted in analyzing GWAS. This study has been partly motivated by the analysis of Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW) 18 data, which have two notable characteristics. First, the subjects are from a small number of pedigrees and hence related. Second, for each subject, multiple correlated traits have been measured. Most of the existing penalization methods assume independence between subjects and traits and can be suboptimal. There are a few methods in the literature based on mixed modeling that can accommodate correlations. However, they cannot fully accommodate the two types of correlations while conducting effective marker selection. In this study, we develop a penalized multitrait mixed modeling approach. It accommodates the two different types of correlations and includes several existing methods as special cases. Effective penalization is adopted for marker selection. Simulation demonstrates its satisfactory performance. The GAW 18 data are analyzed using the proposed method. PMID:27247027

Instruction No. 3/1988, 1 June 1988.

PubMed

1988-01-01

This Instruction contains provisions relating to the injury and maltreatment of children and women and the enforcement of support payments to women and children. With respect to the maltreatment of children, it provides that the Spanish Office of the Public Prosecutor shall a) curb child abuse; b) take decisive action to protect minors who have been abused or are helpless and to execute the new responsibilities imposed by Law 21/1987 of November 11, which modifies the Civil Code with respect to adoption; and c) collect the necessary data with regard to felonies or misdemeanors that involve child abuse so as to allow for the compilation of annual statistics which may identify the magnitude of this problem; With respect to the maltreatment of women, the prosecutor shall a) curb the abuse of women, investigating those cases where a lack of evidence exists because women are afraid; and b) collect the necessary data with regard to felonies or misdemeanors that involve the abuse of women so as to allow for the compilation of annual statistics which may identify the social reality of this problem. With respect to support payments, the Instruction urges all prosecutors to monitor the execution of support payments using all judicial means authorized, including penal actions when applicable, or enforcement mechanisms which have been mentioned in this memo, that is, conditioning visitation rights on timely payment of the support established for food and education of the children. In Circular No. 32 of 15 April 1988, the National Directorate of Police is called on to provide all necessary police assistance to women who have been the object of illegitimate acts of force so that they can report such acts and to inform women of laws designed to help them and the means of availing themselves of these laws. See Anuario de Derecho Penal y Ciencias Penales, Vol. 41, No. 3, September-December 1988, p. 978. full text

41 CFR Appendix C to Chapter 301 - Standard Data Elements for Federal Travel [Traveler Identification

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... education, in scientific, professional, technical, mechanical, trade, clerical, fiscal, administrative, or... Data Elements for Federal Travel [Accounting & Certification] Group name Data elements Description Accounting Classification Accounting Code Agency accounting code. Non-Federal Source Indicator Per Diem...

48 CFR 1501.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 1501.105-1 Section 1501.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GENERAL GENERAL Purpose, Authority, Issuance 1501.105-1 Publication and code arrangement. The...

48 CFR 2501.104-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Publication and code arrangement. 2501.104-1 Section 2501.104-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION GENERAL FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 2501.104-1 Publication and...

48 CFR 1201.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 1201.105-1 Section 1201.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION GENERAL FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 1201.105-1 Publication and...

48 CFR 1201.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 1201.105-1 Section 1201.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION GENERAL FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 1201.105-1 Publication and...

48 CFR 2501.104-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 2501.104-1 Section 2501.104-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION GENERAL FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 2501.104-1 Publication and...

Regulating Alcohol Advertising: Content Analysis of the Adequacy of Federal and Self-Regulation of Magazine Advertisements, 2008–2010

PubMed Central

Cukier, Samantha; Jernigan, David H.

2014-01-01

Objectives. We analyzed beer, spirits, and alcopop magazine advertisements to determine adherence to federal and voluntary advertising standards. We assessed the efficacy of these standards in curtailing potentially damaging content and protecting public health. Methods. We obtained data from a content analysis of a census of 1795 unique advertising creatives for beer, spirits, and alcopops placed in nationally available magazines between 2008 and 2010. We coded creatives for manifest content and adherence to federal regulations and industry codes. Results. Advertisements largely adhered to existing regulations and codes. We assessed only 23 ads as noncompliant with federal regulations and 38 with industry codes. Content consistent with the codes was, however, often culturally positive in terms of aspirational depictions. In addition, creatives included degrading and sexualized images, promoted risky behavior, and made health claims associated with low-calorie content. Conclusions. Existing codes and regulations are largely followed regarding content but do not adequately protect against content that promotes unhealthy and irresponsible consumption and degrades potentially vulnerable populations in its depictions. Our findings suggest further limitations and enhanced federal oversight may be necessary to protect public health. PMID:24228667

48 CFR 2001.104-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 2001.104-1 Section 2001.104-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NUCLEAR REGULATORY... 2001.104-1 Publication and code arrangement. (a) The NRCAR and its subsequent changes are: (1...

How to Link to Official Documents from the Government Publishing Office (GPO)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The most consistent way to present up-to-date content from the Federal Register, US Code, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), and so on is to link to the official version of the document on the GPO's Federal Digital System (FDSys) website.

41 CFR 101-30.403-2 - Management codes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Management codes. 101-30.403-2 Section 101-30.403-2 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System FEDERAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS SUPPLY AND PROCUREMENT 30-FEDERAL CATALOG SYSTEM 30...

48 CFR 219.303 - Determining North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes and size standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Determining North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes and size standards. 219.303 Section 219.303 Federal... Programs 219.303 Determining North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes and size standards...

48 CFR 3001.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 3001.105-1 Section 3001.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... Purpose, Authority, Issuance 3001.105-1 Publication and code arrangement. (a) The HSAR is published in: (1...

48 CFR 219.303 - Determining North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes and size standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Determining North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes and size standards. 219.303 Section 219.303 Federal... Programs 219.303 Determining North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes and size standards...

48 CFR 219.303 - Determining North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes and size standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Determining North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes and size standards. 219.303 Section 219.303 Federal... Determining North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes and size standards. Contracting...

48 CFR 219.303 - Determining North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes and size standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Determining North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes and size standards. 219.303 Section 219.303 Federal... Determining North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes and size standards. Contracting...

48 CFR 1001.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 1001.105-1 Section 1001.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY....105-1 Publication and code arrangement. The DTAR and its subsequent changes will be published in the...

48 CFR 1601.104-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 1601.104-1 Section 1601.104-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System OFFICE OF PERSONNEL... SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 1601.104-1 Publication and code arrangement. (a) The FEHBAR and its...

48 CFR 2101.104-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 2101.104-1 Section 2101.104-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System OFFICE OF PERSONNEL... REGULATIONS SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 2101.104-1 Publication and code arrangement. (a) The LIFAR and...

48 CFR 1001.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 1001.105-1 Section 1001.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY....105-1 Publication and code arrangement. The DTAR and its subsequent changes will be published in the...

48 CFR 3001.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 3001.105-1 Section 3001.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... Purpose, Authority, Issuance 3001.105-1 Publication and code arrangement. (a) The HSAR is published in: (1...

48 CFR 3001.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 3001.105-1 Section 3001.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... Purpose, Authority, Issuance 3001.105-1 Publication and code arrangement. (a) The HSAR is published in: (1...

48 CFR 3001.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 3001.105-1 Section 3001.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... Purpose, Authority, Issuance 3001.105-1 Publication and code arrangement. (a) The HSAR is published in: (1...

48 CFR 501.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 501.105-1 Section 501.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System GENERAL SERVICES... 501.105-1 Publication and code arrangement. The GSAR is published in the following sources: (a) Daily...

48 CFR 501.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 501.105-1 Section 501.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System GENERAL SERVICES... 501.105-1 Publication and code arrangement. The GSAR is published in the following sources: (a) Daily...

48 CFR 501.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 501.105-1 Section 501.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System GENERAL SERVICES... 501.105-1 Publication and code arrangement. The GSAR is published in the following sources: (a) Daily...

New German abortion law agreed.

PubMed

Karcher, H L

1995-07-15

The German Bundestag has passed a compromise abortion law that makes an abortion performed within the first three months of pregnancy an unlawful but unpunishable act if the woman has sought independent counseling first. Article 218 of the German penal code, which was established in 1871 under Otto von Bismarck, had allowed abortions for certain medical or ethical reasons. After the end of the first world war, the Social Democrats tried to legalize all abortions performed in the first three months of pregnancy, but failed. In 1974, abortion on demand during the first 12 weeks was declared legal and unpunishable under the social liberal coalition government of chancellor Willy Brandt; however, the same year, the German Federal Constitution Court in Karlsruhe ruled the bill was incompatible with article 2 of the constitution, which guarantees the right to life and freedom from bodily harm to everyone, including the unborn. The highest German court also ruled that a pregnant woman had to seek a second opinion from an independent doctor before undergoing an abortion. A new, extended article 218, which included a clause giving social indications, was passed by the Bundestag. When Germany was unified, East Germans agreed to be governed by all West German laws, except article 218. The Bundestag was given 2 years to revise the article; however, in 1993, the Federal Constitution Court rejected a version legalizing abortion in the first 3 months of the pregnancy if the woman sought counsel from an independent physician, and suggested the recent compromise passed by the Bundestag, the lower house of the German parliament. The upper house, the Bundesrat, where the Social Democrats are in the majority, still has to pass it. Under the bill passed by the Bundestag, national health insurance will pay for an abortion if the monthly income of the woman seeking the abortion falls under a certain limit.

1 CFR 8.1 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Policy. 8.1 Section 8.1 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER SPECIAL EDITIONS OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.1 Policy. (a) Pursuant to chapter 15 of title 44, United States Code, the Director of the...

1 CFR 8.4 - Indexes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Indexes. 8.4 Section 8.4 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER SPECIAL EDITIONS OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.4 Indexes. A subject index to the entire Code shall be annually revised and separately...

1 CFR 8.1 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Policy. 8.1 Section 8.1 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER SPECIAL EDITIONS OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.1 Policy. (a) Pursuant to chapter 15 of title 44, United States Code, the Director of the...

1 CFR 8.4 - Indexes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Indexes. 8.4 Section 8.4 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER SPECIAL EDITIONS OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.4 Indexes. A subject index to the entire Code shall be annually revised and separately...

1 CFR 8.1 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2013-01-01 2012-01-01 true Policy. 8.1 Section 8.1 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER SPECIAL EDITIONS OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.1 Policy. (a) Pursuant to chapter 15 of title 44, United States Code, the Director of the...

1 CFR 8.4 - Indexes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Indexes. 8.4 Section 8.4 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER SPECIAL EDITIONS OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.4 Indexes. A subject index to the entire Code shall be annually revised and separately...

1 CFR 8.4 - Indexes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2014-01-01 2012-01-01 true Indexes. 8.4 Section 8.4 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER SPECIAL EDITIONS OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.4 Indexes. A subject index to the entire Code shall be annually revised and separately...

1 CFR 8.1 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Policy. 8.1 Section 8.1 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER SPECIAL EDITIONS OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.1 Policy. (a) Pursuant to chapter 15 of title 44, United States Code, the Director of the...

1 CFR 8.1 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2014-01-01 2012-01-01 true Policy. 8.1 Section 8.1 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER SPECIAL EDITIONS OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.1 Policy. (a) Pursuant to chapter 15 of title 44, United States Code, the Director of the...

1 CFR 8.4 - Indexes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2013-01-01 2012-01-01 true Indexes. 8.4 Section 8.4 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER SPECIAL EDITIONS OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.4 Indexes. A subject index to the entire Code shall be annually revised and separately...

An adjoint-based framework for maximizing mixing in binary fluids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eggl, Maximilian; Schmid, Peter

2017-11-01

Mixing in the inertial, but laminar parameter regime is a common application in a wide range of industries. Enhancing the efficiency of mixing processes thus has a fundamental effect on product quality, material homogeneity and, last but not least, production costs. In this project, we address mixing efficiency in the above mentioned regime (Reynolds number Re = 1000 , Peclet number Pe = 1000) by developing and demonstrating an algorithm based on nonlinear adjoint looping that minimizes the variance of a passive scalar field which models our binary Newtonian fluids. The numerical method is based on the FLUSI code (Engels et al. 2016), a Fourier pseudo-spectral code, which we modified and augmented by scalar transport and adjoint equations. Mixing is accomplished by moving stirrers which are numerically modeled using a penalization approach. In our two-dimensional simulations we consider rotating circular and elliptic stirrers and extract optimal mixing strategies from the iterative scheme. The case of optimizing shape and rotational speed of the stirrers will be demonstrated.

[Mentally ill and dangerous: civil commitment or internment? The Belgian judicial framework].

PubMed

Smets, H; Verelst, R; Vandenberghe, J

2009-01-01

There are two important Belgian laws referring to psychiatric disturbances that may prove dangerous. The Civil Code includes the law relating to the protection of the mentally ill person, dated 26th June 1990, better known as the law of civil commitment of the mentally ill. Since April, 2007, the Penal Code has contained a new law on the internment of people with a psychiatric disorder; this new law replaces the old law of the 1st July, 1964, meant to protect the society. Although the two laws apply to different fields, in clinical practice there are sometimes 'grey areas' where it is not immediately evident which legal framework is applicable. Starting from a case study in which the civil judge ordered the civil commitment of a detainee, we explore these 'grey areas' and compare the two legal frameworks. We base our study on the new law on internment, clarify it and sketch the legal history of internment in Belgium.

78 FR 77327 - Standards for Condition of Food Containers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-23

... #0; #0;Rules and Regulations #0; Federal Register #0; #0; #0;This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains regulatory documents #0;having general applicability and legal effect, most of which are keyed #0;to and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations, which is published #0;under 50 titles pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 1510. #0; #0;The Code of Federal Regulations is sold...

Majorization Minimization by Coordinate Descent for Concave Penalized Generalized Linear Models

PubMed Central

Jiang, Dingfeng; Huang, Jian

2013-01-01

Recent studies have demonstrated theoretical attractiveness of a class of concave penalties in variable selection, including the smoothly clipped absolute deviation and minimax concave penalties. The computation of the concave penalized solutions in high-dimensional models, however, is a difficult task. We propose a majorization minimization by coordinate descent (MMCD) algorithm for computing the concave penalized solutions in generalized linear models. In contrast to the existing algorithms that use local quadratic or local linear approximation to the penalty function, the MMCD seeks to majorize the negative log-likelihood by a quadratic loss, but does not use any approximation to the penalty. This strategy makes it possible to avoid the computation of a scaling factor in each update of the solutions, which improves the efficiency of coordinate descent. Under certain regularity conditions, we establish theoretical convergence property of the MMCD. We implement this algorithm for a penalized logistic regression model using the SCAD and MCP penalties. Simulation studies and a data example demonstrate that the MMCD works sufficiently fast for the penalized logistic regression in high-dimensional settings where the number of covariates is much larger than the sample size. PMID:25309048

Comparison of the efficacies of patching and penalization therapies for the treatment of amblyopia patients

PubMed Central

Cabi, Cemalettin; Sayman Muslubas, Isil Bahar; Aydin Oral, Ayse Yesim; Dastan, Metin

2014-01-01

AIM To compare the efficacies of patching and penalization therapies for the treatment of amblyopia patients. METHODS The records of 64 eyes of 50 patients 7 to 16y of age who had presented to our clinics with a diagnosis of amblyopia, were evaluated retrospectively. Forty eyes of 26 patients who had received patching therapy and 24 eyes of 24 patients who had received penalization therapy included in this study. The latencies and amplitudes of visual evoked potential (VEP) records and best corrected visual acuities (BCVA) of these two groups were compared before and six months after the treatment. RESULTS In both patching and the penalization groups, the visual acuities increased significantly following the treatments (P<0.05). The latency measurements of the P100 wave obtained at 1.0°, 15 arc min. Patterns of both groups significantly decreased following the 6-months-treatment. However, the amplitude measurements increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The patching and the penalization methods, which are the main methods used in the treatment of amblyopia, were also effective over the age of 7y, which has been accepted as the critical age for the treatment of amblyopia. PMID:24967195

Passive and hybrid solar technologies program summary

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1985-05-01

The goal of the national energy policy is to foster an adequate supply of energy at reasonable prices. This policy recognizes that adequate supply requires flexibility, with no undue reliance on any single source of supply. The goal of reasonable prices suggests economic efficiency so that consumers, individuals, commercial and industrial users alike, are not penalized by government regulation or subside. The strategies for achieving this energy policy goal are: (1) to minimize federal regulation in energy pricing while maintaining public health and safety and environmental quality, and (2) to promote a balanced and mixed energy resource system through research and development. One of the keys to energy sufficiently is the scientific application of passive solar energy techniques.

Regularized rare variant enrichment analysis for case-control exome sequencing data.

PubMed

Larson, Nicholas B; Schaid, Daniel J

2014-02-01

Rare variants have recently garnered an immense amount of attention in genetic association analysis. However, unlike methods traditionally used for single marker analysis in GWAS, rare variant analysis often requires some method of aggregation, since single marker approaches are poorly powered for typical sequencing study sample sizes. Advancements in sequencing technologies have rendered next-generation sequencing platforms a realistic alternative to traditional genotyping arrays. Exome sequencing in particular not only provides base-level resolution of genetic coding regions, but also a natural paradigm for aggregation via genes and exons. Here, we propose the use of penalized regression in combination with variant aggregation measures to identify rare variant enrichment in exome sequencing data. In contrast to marginal gene-level testing, we simultaneously evaluate the effects of rare variants in multiple genes, focusing on gene-based least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and exon-based sparse group LASSO models. By using gene membership as a grouping variable, the sparse group LASSO can be used as a gene-centric analysis of rare variants while also providing a penalized approach toward identifying specific regions of interest. We apply extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of these approaches with respect to specificity and sensitivity, comparing these results to multiple competing marginal testing methods. Finally, we discuss our findings and outline future research. © 2013 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.

Competitive repetition suppression (CoRe) clustering: a biologically inspired learning model with application to robust clustering.

PubMed

Bacciu, Davide; Starita, Antonina

2008-11-01

Determining a compact neural coding for a set of input stimuli is an issue that encompasses several biological memory mechanisms as well as various artificial neural network models. In particular, establishing the optimal network structure is still an open problem when dealing with unsupervised learning models. In this paper, we introduce a novel learning algorithm, named competitive repetition-suppression (CoRe) learning, inspired by a cortical memory mechanism called repetition suppression (RS). We show how such a mechanism is used, at various levels of the cerebral cortex, to generate compact neural representations of the visual stimuli. From the general CoRe learning model, we derive a clustering algorithm, named CoRe clustering, that can automatically estimate the unknown cluster number from the data without using a priori information concerning the input distribution. We illustrate how CoRe clustering, besides its biological plausibility, posses strong theoretical properties in terms of robustness to noise and outliers, and we provide an error function describing CoRe learning dynamics. Such a description is used to analyze CoRe relationships with the state-of-the art clustering models and to highlight CoRe similitude with rival penalized competitive learning (RPCL), showing how CoRe extends such a model by strengthening the rival penalization estimation by means of loss functions from robust statistics.

48 CFR 19.303 - Determining North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes and size standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Determining North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes and size standards. 19.303 Section 19.303 Federal Acquisition... Classification System (NAICS) codes and size standards. (a) The contracting officer shall determine the...

48 CFR 52.203-13 - Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Business Ethics and Conduct. 52.203-13 Section 52.203-13 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Provisions and Clauses 52.203-13 Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct. As prescribed in 3.1004(a), insert the following clause: Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct (APR 2010) (a) Definitions...

48 CFR 52.203-13 - Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Business Ethics and Conduct. 52.203-13 Section 52.203-13 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Provisions and Clauses 52.203-13 Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct. As prescribed in 3.1004(a), insert the following clause: Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct (APR 2010) (a) Definitions...

48 CFR 52.203-13 - Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Business Ethics and Conduct. 52.203-13 Section 52.203-13 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Provisions and Clauses 52.203-13 Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct. As prescribed in 3.1004(a), insert the following clause: Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct (APR 2010) (a) Definitions...

48 CFR 52.203-13 - Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Business Ethics and Conduct. 52.203-13 Section 52.203-13 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Provisions and Clauses 52.203-13 Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct. As prescribed in 3.1004(a), insert the following clause: Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct (APR 2010) (a) Definitions...

48 CFR 52.203-13 - Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Business Ethics and Conduct. 52.203-13 Section 52.203-13 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Provisions and Clauses 52.203-13 Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct. As prescribed in 3.1004(a), insert the following clause: Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct (APR 2010) (a) Definitions...

Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies with Multiple Outcomes Using Penalization

PubMed Central

Liu, Jin; Huang, Jian; Ma, Shuangge

2012-01-01

Genome-wide association studies have been extensively conducted, searching for markers for biologically meaningful outcomes and phenotypes. Penalization methods have been adopted in the analysis of the joint effects of a large number of SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and marker identification. This study is partly motivated by the analysis of heterogeneous stock mice dataset, in which multiple correlated phenotypes and a large number of SNPs are available. Existing penalization methods designed to analyze a single response variable cannot accommodate the correlation among multiple response variables. With multiple response variables sharing the same set of markers, joint modeling is first employed to accommodate the correlation. The group Lasso approach is adopted to select markers associated with all the outcome variables. An efficient computational algorithm is developed. Simulation study and analysis of the heterogeneous stock mice dataset show that the proposed method can outperform existing penalization methods. PMID:23272092

Penalized Ordinal Regression Methods for Predicting Stage of Cancer in High-Dimensional Covariate Spaces.

PubMed

Gentry, Amanda Elswick; Jackson-Cook, Colleen K; Lyon, Debra E; Archer, Kellie J

2015-01-01

The pathological description of the stage of a tumor is an important clinical designation and is considered, like many other forms of biomedical data, an ordinal outcome. Currently, statistical methods for predicting an ordinal outcome using clinical, demographic, and high-dimensional correlated features are lacking. In this paper, we propose a method that fits an ordinal response model to predict an ordinal outcome for high-dimensional covariate spaces. Our method penalizes some covariates (high-throughput genomic features) without penalizing others (such as demographic and/or clinical covariates). We demonstrate the application of our method to predict the stage of breast cancer. In our model, breast cancer subtype is a nonpenalized predictor, and CpG site methylation values from the Illumina Human Methylation 450K assay are penalized predictors. The method has been made available in the ordinalgmifs package in the R programming environment.

Key populations and human rights in the context of HIV services rendition in Ghana.

PubMed

Laar, Amos; DeBruin, Debra

2017-08-02

In line with its half century old penal code, Ghana currently criminalizes and penalizes behaviors of some key populations - populations deemed to be at higher risk of acquiring or transmitting Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Men who have sex with men (MSM), and sex workers (SWs) fit into this categorization. This paper provides an analysis of how enactment and implementation of rights-limiting laws not only limit rights, but also amplify risk and vulnerability to HIV in key and general populations. The paper derives from a project that assessed the ethics sensitivity of key documents guiding Ghana's response to its HIV epidemic. Assessment was guided by leading frameworks from public health ethics, and relevant articles from the international bill of rights. Ghana's response to her HIV epidemic does not adequately address the rights and needs of key populations. Even though the national response has achieved some public health successes, palpable efforts to address rights issues remain nascent. Ghana's guiding documents for HIV response include no advocacy for decriminalization, depenalization or harm reduction approaches for these key populations. The impact of rights-restricting codes on the nation's HIV epidemic is real: criminalization impedes key populations' access to HIV prevention and treatment services. Given that they are bridging populations, whatever affects the Ghanaian key populations directly, affects the general population indirectly. The right to the highest attainable standard of health, without qualification, is generally acknowledged as a fundamental human right. Unfortunately, this right currently eludes the Ghanaian SW and MSM. The paper endorses decriminalization as a means of promoting this right. In the face of opposition to decriminalization, the paper proposes specific harm reduction strategies as approaches to promote health and uplift the diminished rights of key populations. Thus the authors call on Ghana to remove impediments to public health services provision to these populations. Doing so will require political will and sufficient planning toward prioritizing HIV prevention, care and treatment programming for key populations.

Advanced colorectal neoplasia risk stratification by penalized logistic regression.

PubMed

Lin, Yunzhi; Yu, Menggang; Wang, Sijian; Chappell, Richard; Imperiale, Thomas F

2016-08-01

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer in the United States. To facilitate the efficiency of colorectal cancer screening, there is a need to stratify risk for colorectal cancer among the 90% of US residents who are considered "average risk." In this article, we investigate such risk stratification rules for advanced colorectal neoplasia (colorectal cancer and advanced, precancerous polyps). We use a recently completed large cohort study of subjects who underwent a first screening colonoscopy. Logistic regression models have been used in the literature to estimate the risk of advanced colorectal neoplasia based on quantifiable risk factors. However, logistic regression may be prone to overfitting and instability in variable selection. Since most of the risk factors in our study have several categories, it was tempting to collapse these categories into fewer risk groups. We propose a penalized logistic regression method that automatically and simultaneously selects variables, groups categories, and estimates their coefficients by penalizing the [Formula: see text]-norm of both the coefficients and their differences. Hence, it encourages sparsity in the categories, i.e. grouping of the categories, and sparsity in the variables, i.e. variable selection. We apply the penalized logistic regression method to our data. The important variables are selected, with close categories simultaneously grouped, by penalized regression models with and without the interactions terms. The models are validated with 10-fold cross-validation. The receiver operating characteristic curves of the penalized regression models dominate the receiver operating characteristic curve of naive logistic regressions, indicating a superior discriminative performance. © The Author(s) 2013.

40 CFR 62.15265 - How do I monitor the load of my municipal waste combustion unit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Mechanical Engineers (ASME PTC 4.1—1964): Test Code for Steam Generating Units, Power Test Code 4.1-1964... of Mechanical Engineers, Service Center, 22 Law Drive, Post Office Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007. You....archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (4) Design, construct...

40 CFR 62.15265 - How do I monitor the load of my municipal waste combustion unit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Mechanical Engineers (ASME PTC 4.1—1964): Test Code for Steam Generating Units, Power Test Code 4.1-1964... of Mechanical Engineers, Service Center, 22 Law Drive, Post Office Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007. You....archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (4) Design, construct...

40 CFR 62.15265 - How do I monitor the load of my municipal waste combustion unit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Mechanical Engineers (ASME PTC 4.1—1964): Test Code for Steam Generating Units, Power Test Code 4.1-1964... of Mechanical Engineers, Service Center, 22 Law Drive, Post Office Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007. You....archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (4) Design, construct...

40 CFR 62.15265 - How do I monitor the load of my municipal waste combustion unit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Mechanical Engineers (ASME PTC 4.1—1964): Test Code for Steam Generating Units, Power Test Code 4.1-1964... of Mechanical Engineers, Service Center, 22 Law Drive, Post Office Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007. You....archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (4) Design, construct...

40 CFR 62.15265 - How do I monitor the load of my municipal waste combustion unit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Mechanical Engineers (ASME PTC 4.1—1964): Test Code for Steam Generating Units, Power Test Code 4.1-1964... of Mechanical Engineers, Service Center, 22 Law Drive, Post Office Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007. You....archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (4) Design, construct...

76 FR 4113 - Federal Procurement Data System Product Service Code Manual Update

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-24

... reported in the Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS). GSA, which maintains the PSC Manual, is in the... codes as necessary, and adding environmental/sustainability attributes required for reporting to the...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burke, J.V.

The published work on exact penalization is indeed vast. Recently this work has indicated an intimate relationship between exact penalization, Lagrange multipliers, and problem stability or calmness. In the present work we chronicle this development within a simple idealized problem framework, wherein we unify, extend, and refine much of the known theory. In particular, most of the foundations for constrained optimization are developed with the aid of exact penalization techniques. Our approach is highly geometric and is based upon the elementary subdifferential theory for distance functions. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the theory of convex setsmore » and functions. 54 refs.« less

Rights versus morality: online debate about decriminalization of gay sex in Singapore.

PubMed

Detenber, Benjamin H; Cenite, Mark; Zhou, Shuhua; Malik, Shelly; Neo, Rachel L

2014-01-01

This article presents a quantitative content analysis of 10,473 comments from two opposing online petitions related to the legal status of a section of the penal code in Singapore used to ban sex between men. Results indicate numerous significant differences in how the two sides discussed the law and its significance. In particular, they used different types of arguments to support their views and expressed different kinds of concerns over the potential impact of changing or maintaining the law. The patterns of language use seem to reflect distinctly different approaches to the debate and suggest the difficulty of finding common ground amid this contentious social issue, but they also reveal similarities to how Western cultures have framed the debate.

India's homosexual discrimination and health consequences.

PubMed

Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy; Minna, J Hsu

2007-08-01

A large number of countries worldwide have legalized homosexual rights. But for 147 years, since when India was a British colony, Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code defines homosexuality as a crime, punishable by imprisonment. This outdated law violates the fundamental rights of homosexuals in India. Despite the fact that literature drawn from Hindu, Buddhist, Muslim, and modern fiction testify to the presence of same-sex love in various forms, homosexuality is still considered a taboo subject in India, by both the society and the government. In the present article, the continuation of the outdated colonial-era homosexuality law and its impact on the underprivileged homosexual society in India is discussed, as well as consequences to this group's health in relation to HIV infection.

A Penalized Likelihood Framework For High-Dimensional Phylogenetic Comparative Methods And An Application To New-World Monkeys Brain Evolution.

PubMed

Julien, Clavel; Leandro, Aristide; Hélène, Morlon

2018-06-19

Working with high-dimensional phylogenetic comparative datasets is challenging because likelihood-based multivariate methods suffer from low statistical performances as the number of traits p approaches the number of species n and because some computational complications occur when p exceeds n. Alternative phylogenetic comparative methods have recently been proposed to deal with the large p small n scenario but their use and performances are limited. Here we develop a penalized likelihood framework to deal with high-dimensional comparative datasets. We propose various penalizations and methods for selecting the intensity of the penalties. We apply this general framework to the estimation of parameters (the evolutionary trait covariance matrix and parameters of the evolutionary model) and model comparison for the high-dimensional multivariate Brownian (BM), Early-burst (EB), Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) and Pagel's lambda models. We show using simulations that our penalized likelihood approach dramatically improves the estimation of evolutionary trait covariance matrices and model parameters when p approaches n, and allows for their accurate estimation when p equals or exceeds n. In addition, we show that penalized likelihood models can be efficiently compared using Generalized Information Criterion (GIC). We implement these methods, as well as the related estimation of ancestral states and the computation of phylogenetic PCA in the R package RPANDA and mvMORPH. Finally, we illustrate the utility of the new proposed framework by evaluating evolutionary models fit, analyzing integration patterns, and reconstructing evolutionary trajectories for a high-dimensional 3-D dataset of brain shape in the New World monkeys. We find a clear support for an Early-burst model suggesting an early diversification of brain morphology during the ecological radiation of the clade. Penalized likelihood offers an efficient way to deal with high-dimensional multivariate comparative data.

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Federal Laws and Incentives for Electricity

Science.gov Websites

Improvement Program website. (Reference Public Law 112-141, 23 U.S. Code 149, and 23 U.S. Code 151) Clean information, see the DOT Public Law 114-94) Electric Vehicle Charging on Federal Property The U.S. General the status of requests for EVSE from other federal agencies. (Reference Public Law 114-94) Alternative

Variable selection in semiparametric cure models based on penalized likelihood, with application to breast cancer clinical trials.

PubMed

Liu, Xiang; Peng, Yingwei; Tu, Dongsheng; Liang, Hua

2012-10-30

Survival data with a sizable cure fraction are commonly encountered in cancer research. The semiparametric proportional hazards cure model has been recently used to analyze such data. As seen in the analysis of data from a breast cancer study, a variable selection approach is needed to identify important factors in predicting the cure status and risk of breast cancer recurrence. However, no specific variable selection method for the cure model is available. In this paper, we present a variable selection approach with penalized likelihood for the cure model. The estimation can be implemented easily by combining the computational methods for penalized logistic regression and the penalized Cox proportional hazards models with the expectation-maximization algorithm. We illustrate the proposed approach on data from a breast cancer study. We conducted Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. We used and compared different penalty functions in the simulation studies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A Solution to Separation and Multicollinearity in Multiple Logistic Regression

PubMed Central

Shen, Jianzhao; Gao, Sujuan

2010-01-01

In dementia screening tests, item selection for shortening an existing screening test can be achieved using multiple logistic regression. However, maximum likelihood estimates for such logistic regression models often experience serious bias or even non-existence because of separation and multicollinearity problems resulting from a large number of highly correlated items. Firth (1993, Biometrika, 80(1), 27–38) proposed a penalized likelihood estimator for generalized linear models and it was shown to reduce bias and the non-existence problems. The ridge regression has been used in logistic regression to stabilize the estimates in cases of multicollinearity. However, neither solves the problems for each other. In this paper, we propose a double penalized maximum likelihood estimator combining Firth’s penalized likelihood equation with a ridge parameter. We present a simulation study evaluating the empirical performance of the double penalized likelihood estimator in small to moderate sample sizes. We demonstrate the proposed approach using a current screening data from a community-based dementia study. PMID:20376286

A Solution to Separation and Multicollinearity in Multiple Logistic Regression.

PubMed

Shen, Jianzhao; Gao, Sujuan

2008-10-01

In dementia screening tests, item selection for shortening an existing screening test can be achieved using multiple logistic regression. However, maximum likelihood estimates for such logistic regression models often experience serious bias or even non-existence because of separation and multicollinearity problems resulting from a large number of highly correlated items. Firth (1993, Biometrika, 80(1), 27-38) proposed a penalized likelihood estimator for generalized linear models and it was shown to reduce bias and the non-existence problems. The ridge regression has been used in logistic regression to stabilize the estimates in cases of multicollinearity. However, neither solves the problems for each other. In this paper, we propose a double penalized maximum likelihood estimator combining Firth's penalized likelihood equation with a ridge parameter. We present a simulation study evaluating the empirical performance of the double penalized likelihood estimator in small to moderate sample sizes. We demonstrate the proposed approach using a current screening data from a community-based dementia study.

Evaluation of Penalized and Nonpenalized Methods for Disease Prediction with Large-Scale Genetic Data.

PubMed

Won, Sungho; Choi, Hosik; Park, Suyeon; Lee, Juyoung; Park, Changyi; Kwon, Sunghoon

2015-01-01

Owing to recent improvement of genotyping technology, large-scale genetic data can be utilized to identify disease susceptibility loci and this successful finding has substantially improved our understanding of complex diseases. However, in spite of these successes, most of the genetic effects for many complex diseases were found to be very small, which have been a big hurdle to build disease prediction model. Recently, many statistical methods based on penalized regressions have been proposed to tackle the so-called "large P and small N" problem. Penalized regressions including least absolute selection and shrinkage operator (LASSO) and ridge regression limit the space of parameters, and this constraint enables the estimation of effects for very large number of SNPs. Various extensions have been suggested, and, in this report, we compare their accuracy by applying them to several complex diseases. Our results show that penalized regressions are usually robust and provide better accuracy than the existing methods for at least diseases under consideration.

A penalized framework for distributed lag non-linear models.

PubMed

Gasparrini, Antonio; Scheipl, Fabian; Armstrong, Ben; Kenward, Michael G

2017-09-01

Distributed lag non-linear models (DLNMs) are a modelling tool for describing potentially non-linear and delayed dependencies. Here, we illustrate an extension of the DLNM framework through the use of penalized splines within generalized additive models (GAM). This extension offers built-in model selection procedures and the possibility of accommodating assumptions on the shape of the lag structure through specific penalties. In addition, this framework includes, as special cases, simpler models previously proposed for linear relationships (DLMs). Alternative versions of penalized DLNMs are compared with each other and with the standard unpenalized version in a simulation study. Results show that this penalized extension to the DLNM class provides greater flexibility and improved inferential properties. The framework exploits recent theoretical developments of GAMs and is implemented using efficient routines within freely available software. Real-data applications are illustrated through two reproducible examples in time series and survival analysis. © 2017 The Authors Biometrics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Biometric Society.

Compound Identification Using Penalized Linear Regression on Metabolomics

PubMed Central

Liu, Ruiqi; Wu, Dongfeng; Zhang, Xiang; Kim, Seongho

2014-01-01

Compound identification is often achieved by matching the experimental mass spectra to the mass spectra stored in a reference library based on mass spectral similarity. Because the number of compounds in the reference library is much larger than the range of mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) values so that the data become high dimensional data suffering from singularity. For this reason, penalized linear regressions such as ridge regression and the lasso are used instead of the ordinary least squares regression. Furthermore, two-step approaches using the dot product and Pearson’s correlation along with the penalized linear regression are proposed in this study. PMID:27212894

The Contract Management Body of Knowledge: A Comparison of Contracting Competencies

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

SME subject matter expert SOW statement of work TINA Truth in Negotiations Act UCC uniform commercial code WBS work breakdown structure xv...documents whose terms and condition are legally enforceable. Sources of law and guidance covered include the uniform commercial code ( UCC ), Federal...contracting including the uniform commercial code ( UCC ), Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), as well as various other laws pertaining to both

Report: Examination of Costs Claimed under EPA Grant XP98069201 Awarded to the City of Blackfoot, Idaho

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Report #10-4-0086, March 29, 2010. The grantee did not meet financial management requirements specified by Title 2 Code of Federal Regulations Part 225 and Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 31.

48 CFR 501.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 501.105-1 Section 501.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION GENERAL GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION ACQUISITION REGULATION SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance...

Nationwide Risk-Based PCB Remediation Waste Disposal Approvals under Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Section 761.61(c)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This page contains information about Nationwide Risk-Based Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Remediation Waste Disposal Approvals under Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Section 761.61(c)

The influence of state-level policy environments on the activation of the Medicaid SBIRT reimbursement codes.

PubMed

Hinde, Jesse; Bray, Jeremy; Kaiser, David; Mallonee, Erin

2017-02-01

To examine how institutional constraints, comprising federal actions and states' substance abuse policy environments, influence states' decisions to activate Medicaid reimbursement codes for screening and brief intervention for risky substance use in the United States. A discrete-time duration model was used to estimate the effect of institutional constraints on the likelihood of activating the Medicaid reimbursement codes. Primary constraints included federal Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) grant funding, substance abuse priority, economic climate, political climate and interstate diffusion. Study data came from publicly available secondary data sources. Federal SBIRT grant funding did not affect significantly the likelihood of activation (P = 0.628). A $1 increase in per-capita block grant funding was associated with a 10-percentage point reduction in the likelihood of activation (P = 0.003) and a $1 increase in per-capita state substance use disorder expenditures was associated with a 2-percentage point increase in the likelihood of activation (P = 0.004). States with enacted parity laws (P = 0.016) and a Democratic-controlled state government were also more likely to activate the codes. In the United States, the determinants of state activation of Medicaid Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) reimbursement codes are complex, and include more than financial considerations. Federal block grant funding is a strong disincentive to activating the SBIRT reimbursement codes, while more direct federal SBIRT grant funding has no detectable effects. © 2017 Society for the Study of Addiction.

NCAA Penalizes Fewer Teams than Expected

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sander, Libby

2008-01-01

This article reports that the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has penalized fewer teams than it expected this year over athletes' poor academic performance. For years, officials with the NCAA have predicted that strikingly high numbers of college sports teams could be at risk of losing scholarships this year because of their…

The Role of the Environmental Health Specialist in the Penal and Correctional System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walker, Bailus, Jr.; Gordon, Theodore J.

1976-01-01

Implementing a health and hygiene program in penal systems necessitates coordinating the entire staff. Health specialists could participate in facility planning and management, policy formation, and evaluation of medical care, housekeeping, and food services. They could also serve as liaisons between correctional staff and governmental or…

The Change Grid and the Active Client: Challenging the Assumptions of Change Agentry in the Penal Process.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klofas, John; Duffee, David E.

1981-01-01

Reexamines the assumptions of the change grid regarding the channeling of masses of clients into change strategies programs. Penal organizations specifically select and place clients so that programs remain stable, rather than sequence programs to meet the needs of clients. (Author)

27 CFR 19.246 - Strengthening bonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Strengthening bonds. 19... Strengthening bonds. In all cases when the penal sum of any bond becomes insufficient, the principal shall either give a strengthening bond with the same surety to attain a sufficient penal sum, or give a new...

SkyFACT: high-dimensional modeling of gamma-ray emission with adaptive templates and penalized likelihoods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Storm, Emma; Weniger, Christoph; Calore, Francesca

2017-08-01

We present SkyFACT (Sky Factorization with Adaptive Constrained Templates), a new approach for studying, modeling and decomposing diffuse gamma-ray emission. Like most previous analyses, the approach relies on predictions from cosmic-ray propagation codes like GALPROP and DRAGON. However, in contrast to previous approaches, we account for the fact that models are not perfect and allow for a very large number (gtrsim 105) of nuisance parameters to parameterize these imperfections. We combine methods of image reconstruction and adaptive spatio-spectral template regression in one coherent hybrid approach. To this end, we use penalized Poisson likelihood regression, with regularization functions that are motivated by the maximum entropy method. We introduce methods to efficiently handle the high dimensionality of the convex optimization problem as well as the associated semi-sparse covariance matrix, using the L-BFGS-B algorithm and Cholesky factorization. We test the method both on synthetic data as well as on gamma-ray emission from the inner Galaxy, |l|<90o and |b|<20o, as observed by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. We finally define a simple reference model that removes most of the residual emission from the inner Galaxy, based on conventional diffuse emission components as well as components for the Fermi bubbles, the Fermi Galactic center excess, and extended sources along the Galactic disk. Variants of this reference model can serve as basis for future studies of diffuse emission in and outside the Galactic disk.

Elder abuse in Europe's "most elderly" city: an assessment of the phenomenon and an analysis of the data from the Penal Court of Genoa from 2010 to 2015.

PubMed

Molinelli, Andrea; Ventura, Francesco; Pinto, Sara Lo; Drommi, Martina; De Stefano, Francesco

2017-12-01

In Italy, 5% of the elderly are estimated to have suffered abuse. While the Penal Code refers to generic types of abuse, such as physical and psychological maltreatment, abandonment and financial fraud, it does not specifically protect the elderly as a category. To assess the frequency and modalities of elder abuse in Genoa and its Province, and to compare these data with those reported in the literature, in order to provide a picture of the current situation that can be used by the authorities to combat this phenomenon. We analysed the first-degree verdicts issued by the Court of Genoa regarding accusations of physical, psychological and moral abuse and maltreatment of elderly subjects (over 65 years) in the period 2010-2015. Only 85 of the 4028 court verdicts analysed involved elderly persons: 19 cases of domestic maltreatment, 3 of abuse of the means of correction or discipline, 18 of personal injury, 5 of abandonment and 40 of circumvention (deceiving someone, especially an elderly or mentally impaired person, to obtain a profit). A gap was observed between the number of crimes reported to the judicial authorities (tip of the iceberg) and the estimated prevalence of the phenomenon in the literature. There is a need both to create a network of protection for the elderly involving medical and judicial specialists and to train healthcare professionals to better recognise and report cases of maltreatment.

48 CFR 204.7202-1 - CAGE codes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... issued by DLA Logistics Information Service. (Their address is: Customer Service, Federal Center, 74... Logistics Information Service assigns or records and maintains CAGE codes to identify commercial and... Volume 7 of DoD 4100.39-M, Federal Logistics Information System (FLIS) Procedures Manual, prescribe use...

48 CFR 204.7202-1 - CAGE codes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... issued by DLA Logistics Information Service. (Their address is: Customer Service, Federal Center, 74... Logistics Information Service assigns or records and maintains CAGE codes to identify commercial and... Volume 7 of DoD 4100.39-M, Federal Logistics Information System (FLIS) Procedures Manual, prescribe use...

48 CFR 204.7202-1 - CAGE codes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... issued by DLA Logistics Information Service. (Their address is: Customer Service, Federal Center, 74... Logistics Information Service assigns or records and maintains CAGE codes to identify commercial and... Volume 7 of DoD 4100.39-M, Federal Logistics Information System (FLIS) Procedures Manual, prescribe use...

48 CFR 204.7202-1 - CAGE codes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... issued by DLA Logistics Information Service. (Their address is: Customer Service, Federal Center, 74... Logistics Information Service assigns or records and maintains CAGE codes to identify commercial and... Volume 7 of DoD 4100.39-M, Federal Logistics Information System (FLIS) Procedures Manual, prescribe use...

48 CFR 1301.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 1301.105-1 Section 1301.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 1301.105-1...

48 CFR 401.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 401.105-1 Section 401.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL AGRICULTURE ACQUISITION REGULATION SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 401.105-1 Publication and...

Report: Examination of Costs Claimed under EPA Grant X96906001 Awarded to Walker Lake Working Group, Hawthorne, Nevada

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Report #10-2-0054, January 6, 2010. The grantee did not meet financial management requirements specified by Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 30 and Title 2 Code of Federal Regulations Part 30.

48 CFR 401.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 401.105-1 Section 401.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL AGRICULTURE ACQUISITION REGULATION SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 401.105-1 Publication and...

48 CFR 401.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 401.105-1 Section 401.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL AGRICULTURE ACQUISITION REGULATION SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 401.105-1 Publication and...

48 CFR 401.105-1 - Publication and code arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Publication and code arrangement. 401.105-1 Section 401.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL AGRICULTURE ACQUISITION REGULATION SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 401.105-1 Publication and...

Methodology for the nuclear design validation of an Alternate Emergency Management Centre (CAGE)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hueso, César; Fabbri, Marco; de la Fuente, Cristina; Janés, Albert; Massuet, Joan; Zamora, Imanol; Gasca, Cristina; Hernández, Héctor; Vega, J. Ángel

2017-09-01

The methodology is devised by coupling different codes. The study of weather conditions as part of the data of the site will determine the relative concentrations of radionuclides in the air using ARCON96. The activity in the air is characterized depending on the source and release sequence specified in NUREG-1465 by RADTRAD code, which provides results of the inner cloud source term contribution. Known activities, energy spectra are inferred using ORIGEN-S, which are used as input for the models of the outer cloud, filters and containment generated with MCNP5. The sum of the different contributions must meet the conditions of habitability specified by the CSN (Spanish Nuclear Regulatory Body) (TEDE <50 mSv and equivalent dose to the thyroid <500 mSv within 30 days following the accident doses) so that the dose is optimized by varying parameters such as CAGE location, flow filtering need for recirculation, thicknesses and compositions of the walls, etc. The results for the most penalizing area meet the established criteria, and therefore the CAGE building design based on the methodology presented is radiologically validated.

Historical HIV incidence modelling in regional subgroups: use of flexible discrete models with penalized splines based on prior curves.

PubMed

Greenland, S

1996-03-15

This paper presents an approach to back-projection (back-calculation) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) person-year infection rates in regional subgroups based on combining a log-linear model for subgroup differences with a penalized spline model for trends. The penalized spline approach allows flexible trend estimation but requires far fewer parameters than fully non-parametric smoothers, thus saving parameters that can be used in estimating subgroup effects. Use of reasonable prior curve to construct the penalty function minimizes the degree of smoothing needed beyond model specification. The approach is illustrated in application to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) surveillance data from Los Angeles County.

In comparative perspective: The effects of incarceration abroad on penal subjectivity among prisoners in Lithuania

PubMed Central

Slade, Gavin; Vaičiūnienė, Rūta

2017-01-01

This article looks at how global flows of people and policies affect penal subjectivity among prisoners in Lithuania. Those who had previously been incarcerated abroad perceive their punishment in Lithuania’s reforming penal system in comparative terms. We find that international prison experience may either diminish or increase the sense of the severity of the current punishment. Respondents often felt more comfortable in a familiar culture of punishment in Lithuania that emphasizes autonomy and communality. Moreover, internationalized prisoners perceive prison reform emulating West European models as a threat to this culture and are able to articulate comparative critiques of this reform and contest its effects. PMID:29568238

48 CFR 25.401 - Exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Disabled; and (5) Other acquisitions not using full and open competition, if authorized by Subpart 6.2 or 6... table: The service(Federal Service Codes from the Federal Procurement Data System Product/Service Code... military services overseas. X X X X (2) (i) Automatic data processing (ADP) telecommunications and...

46 CFR 54.01-1 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. The material is also...) American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) International, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990: (1) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Rules for Construction of...

46 CFR 54.01-1 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. The material is also...) American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) International, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990: (1) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Rules for Construction of...

46 CFR 54.01-1 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. The material is also... of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) International, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990: (1) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels...

46 CFR 54.01-1 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. The material is also... of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) International, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990: (1) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels...

27 CFR 19.907 - Meaning of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS DISTILLED SPIRITS PLANTS Distilled Spirits For Fuel Use Definitions § 19.907.... CFR. The Code of Federal Regulations. Fuel alcohol. Distilled spirits which have been rendered unfit... gas, or coal. This chapter. Title 27, Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter I [27 CFR Chapter I...

48 CFR 2301.105-1 - Publication and code ar-rangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Publication and code ar-rangement. 2301.105-1 Section 2301.105-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION GENERAL SOCIAL SECURITY ACQUISITION REGULATION SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 2301.105-1...

7 CFR 201.24 - Code designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Code designation. 201.24 Section 201.24 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) FEDERAL SEED ACT FEDERAL SEED ACT REGULATIONS Labeling Agricultural Seeds § 20...

7 CFR 201.28 - Code designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Code designation. 201.28 Section 201.28 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) FEDERAL SEED ACT FEDERAL SEED ACT REGULATIONS Labeling Vegetable Seeds § 201.2...

7 CFR 201.28 - Code designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Code designation. 201.28 Section 201.28 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) FEDERAL SEED ACT FEDERAL SEED ACT REGULATIONS Labeling Vegetable Seeds § 201.2...

7 CFR 201.28 - Code designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Code designation. 201.28 Section 201.28 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) FEDERAL SEED ACT FEDERAL SEED ACT REGULATIONS Labeling Vegetable Seeds § 201.2...

7 CFR 201.24 - Code designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Code designation. 201.24 Section 201.24 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) FEDERAL SEED ACT FEDERAL SEED ACT REGULATIONS Labeling Agricultural Seeds § 20...

7 CFR 201.24 - Code designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Code designation. 201.24 Section 201.24 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) FEDERAL SEED ACT FEDERAL SEED ACT REGULATIONS Labeling Agricultural Seeds § 20...

7 CFR 201.24 - Code designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Code designation. 201.24 Section 201.24 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) FEDERAL SEED ACT FEDERAL SEED ACT REGULATIONS Labeling Agricultural Seeds § 20...

7 CFR 201.28 - Code designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Code designation. 201.28 Section 201.28 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) FEDERAL SEED ACT FEDERAL SEED ACT REGULATIONS Labeling Vegetable Seeds § 201.2...

7 CFR 201.24 - Code designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Code designation. 201.24 Section 201.24 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) FEDERAL SEED ACT FEDERAL SEED ACT REGULATIONS Labeling Agricultural Seeds § 20...

7 CFR 201.28 - Code designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Code designation. 201.28 Section 201.28 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) FEDERAL SEED ACT FEDERAL SEED ACT REGULATIONS Labeling Vegetable Seeds § 201.2...

77 FR 54835 - Homeland Security Acquisition Regulation (HSAR); Revision Initiative [HSAR Case 2009-002...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-06

... incorrectly uses the word (DATE) in several places in part 3052 of title 48 of the Code of Federal Regulations... the word (DATE) in several places in part 3052 of title 48 of the Code of Federal Regulations. We are...

46 CFR 148.8 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. Also, it is... 7611, http://www.imo.org. (1) International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code and Supplement, 2009..., New York, NY 10017, (800) 253-9646, http://unp.un.org. (1) Recommendations on the Transport of...

Nationwide Enviro Jet PCB Decontamination Approval and Notifications under Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Section 761.79(h)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This page contains information about approvals and notifications for Enviro Jet to Decontaminate PCB-contaminated natural gas pipelines under Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Section 761.79(h)

Setting the Standard. International Forum on Education in Penal Systems Conference Proceedings (Adelaide, Australia, April 5-7, 1998).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Semmens, Bob, Ed.; Cook, Sandy, Ed.

This document contains 19 papers presented at an international forum on education in penal systems. The following papers are included: "Burning" (Craig W.J. Minogue); "The Acquisition of Cognitive Skills as a Means of Recidivism Reduction: A Former Prisoner's Perspective" (Trevor Darryl Doherty); "CEA (Correctional…

27 CFR 24.153 - Strengthening bonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Strengthening bonds. 24... Strengthening bonds. In any instance where the penal sum of the bond on file becomes insufficient, the principal shall either give a strengthening bond with the same surety to attain a sufficient penal sum or give a...

27 CFR 24.153 - Strengthening bonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Strengthening bonds. 24... Strengthening bonds. In any instance where the penal sum of the bond on file becomes insufficient, the principal shall either give a strengthening bond with the same surety to attain a sufficient penal sum or give a...

27 CFR 24.153 - Strengthening bonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Strengthening bonds. 24... Strengthening bonds. In any instance where the penal sum of the bond on file becomes insufficient, the principal shall either give a strengthening bond with the same surety to attain a sufficient penal sum or give a...

27 CFR 24.153 - Strengthening bonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Strengthening bonds. 24... Strengthening bonds. In any instance where the penal sum of the bond on file becomes insufficient, the principal shall either give a strengthening bond with the same surety to attain a sufficient penal sum or give a...

27 CFR 24.153 - Strengthening bonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Strengthening bonds. 24... Strengthening bonds. In any instance where the penal sum of the bond on file becomes insufficient, the principal shall either give a strengthening bond with the same surety to attain a sufficient penal sum or give a...

Crime and Punishment: Are Copyright Violators Ever Penalized?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Russell, Carrie

2004-01-01

Is there a Web site that keeps track of copyright Infringers and fines? Some colleagues don't believe that copyright violators are ever penalized. This question was asked by a reader in a question and answer column of "School Library Journal". Carrie Russell is the American Library Association's copyright specialist, and she will answer selected…

Estimation and Selection via Absolute Penalized Convex Minimization And Its Multistage Adaptive Applications

PubMed Central

Huang, Jian; Zhang, Cun-Hui

2013-01-01

The ℓ1-penalized method, or the Lasso, has emerged as an important tool for the analysis of large data sets. Many important results have been obtained for the Lasso in linear regression which have led to a deeper understanding of high-dimensional statistical problems. In this article, we consider a class of weighted ℓ1-penalized estimators for convex loss functions of a general form, including the generalized linear models. We study the estimation, prediction, selection and sparsity properties of the weighted ℓ1-penalized estimator in sparse, high-dimensional settings where the number of predictors p can be much larger than the sample size n. Adaptive Lasso is considered as a special case. A multistage method is developed to approximate concave regularized estimation by applying an adaptive Lasso recursively. We provide prediction and estimation oracle inequalities for single- and multi-stage estimators, a general selection consistency theorem, and an upper bound for the dimension of the Lasso estimator. Important models including the linear regression, logistic regression and log-linear models are used throughout to illustrate the applications of the general results. PMID:24348100

STRONG ORACLE OPTIMALITY OF FOLDED CONCAVE PENALIZED ESTIMATION.

PubMed

Fan, Jianqing; Xue, Lingzhou; Zou, Hui

2014-06-01

Folded concave penalization methods have been shown to enjoy the strong oracle property for high-dimensional sparse estimation. However, a folded concave penalization problem usually has multiple local solutions and the oracle property is established only for one of the unknown local solutions. A challenging fundamental issue still remains that it is not clear whether the local optimum computed by a given optimization algorithm possesses those nice theoretical properties. To close this important theoretical gap in over a decade, we provide a unified theory to show explicitly how to obtain the oracle solution via the local linear approximation algorithm. For a folded concave penalized estimation problem, we show that as long as the problem is localizable and the oracle estimator is well behaved, we can obtain the oracle estimator by using the one-step local linear approximation. In addition, once the oracle estimator is obtained, the local linear approximation algorithm converges, namely it produces the same estimator in the next iteration. The general theory is demonstrated by using four classical sparse estimation problems, i.e., sparse linear regression, sparse logistic regression, sparse precision matrix estimation and sparse quantile regression.

STRONG ORACLE OPTIMALITY OF FOLDED CONCAVE PENALIZED ESTIMATION

PubMed Central

Fan, Jianqing; Xue, Lingzhou; Zou, Hui

2014-01-01

Folded concave penalization methods have been shown to enjoy the strong oracle property for high-dimensional sparse estimation. However, a folded concave penalization problem usually has multiple local solutions and the oracle property is established only for one of the unknown local solutions. A challenging fundamental issue still remains that it is not clear whether the local optimum computed by a given optimization algorithm possesses those nice theoretical properties. To close this important theoretical gap in over a decade, we provide a unified theory to show explicitly how to obtain the oracle solution via the local linear approximation algorithm. For a folded concave penalized estimation problem, we show that as long as the problem is localizable and the oracle estimator is well behaved, we can obtain the oracle estimator by using the one-step local linear approximation. In addition, once the oracle estimator is obtained, the local linear approximation algorithm converges, namely it produces the same estimator in the next iteration. The general theory is demonstrated by using four classical sparse estimation problems, i.e., sparse linear regression, sparse logistic regression, sparse precision matrix estimation and sparse quantile regression. PMID:25598560

[Demands for death (suicide assistance and euthanasia) in palliative medicine].

PubMed

Moynier-Vantieghem, Karine; Weber, Catherine; Espolio, Desbaillet Yolanda; Pautex, Sophie; Zulian, Gilbert

2010-02-03

During a prospective open survey over 12 months of hospitalized patients, 44 death demands were registered for 39 patients (25 cancer, 6 cardiovascular disorder, 2 Parkinson's disease, 3 arthritis, 1 COPD, 1 dementia and 1 severe depression). 14 patients were also depressed. 28 requested euthanasia, 16 suicide assistance. At 1 month, 3 persisted, 16 had abandoned, 16 had died and 4 were not questioned. At 6 months, 7 were alive but had abandoned and 2 had committed suicide at their home. The majority of death demands correspond to euthanasia which is a murder according to the penal code. In front of such demand, realistic short-term objectives must be established. Many patients give up their project. This indicates great uncertainty in front of care and greatest ambivalence in front of life.

Experiencing abortion rights in India through issues of autonomy and legality: A few controversies.

PubMed

Patel, Tulsi

2018-06-01

Abortion laws in India, like other laws, are premised on the 1861 British Penal Code. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act was passed in 1971 to circumvent the criminality clause around abortion. Yet the law continues to render invisible women's right to choose. Legal procedures have often hindered in permitting abortion, resulting in the death of a mother or the foetus. Despite the latest techno-medical advances, the laws have remained stagnant or rather restrictive, complicated further by selective female foetus abortions. Legal resistance to abortion-seeking after 20 weeks gestation adversely affects women, depriving them of autonomy of choice. In this paper, raising important gender, health and ethical issues are illustrated through a recent legal case in India. Feminist campaigns against the legal mindset in India are emerging.

76 FR 31393 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2005-52; Introduction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-31

... 2010-017 Robinson. Ethics Programs. VI Technical Amendments... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Summaries for... technology that is a commercial item. Item V--Oversight of Contractor Ethics Programs (FAR Case 2010-017... Code of Business Ethics and Conduct. Contracting officers may ask to see a contractor's code of ethics...

48 CFR 204.7202-1 - CAGE codes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

....39-M, Federal Logistics Information System (FLIS) Procedures Manual, prescribe use of CAGE codes. (b..., Federal Center, 74 Washington Avenue, North, Battle Creek, MI 49017-3084. Their telephone number is: toll-free 1-888-352-9333); (B) The on-line access to the CAGE file through the Defense Logistics Information...

41 CFR 102-33.375 - What is a FSCAP Criticality Code?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is a FSCAP Criticality Code? 102-33.375 Section 102-33.375 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION PERSONAL PROPERTY 33-MANAGEMENT OF...

18 CFR Table 1 to Part 301 - Functionalization and Escalation Codes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Functionalization and Escalation Codes 1 Table 1 to Part 301 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REGULATIONS FOR FEDERAL POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATIONS AVERAGE SYSTEM COST...

18 CFR Table 1 to Part 301 - Functionalization and Escalation Codes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Functionalization and Escalation Codes 1 Table 1 to Part 301 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REGULATIONS FOR FEDERAL POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATIONS AVERAGE SYSTEM COST...

18 CFR Table 1 to Part 301 - Functionalization and Escalation Codes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Functionalization and Escalation Codes 1 Table 1 to Part 301 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REGULATIONS FOR FEDERAL POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATIONS AVERAGE SYSTEM COST...

18 CFR Table 1 to Part 301 - Functionalization and Escalation Codes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Functionalization and Escalation Codes 1 Table 1 to Part 301 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REGULATIONS FOR FEDERAL POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATIONS AVERAGE SYSTEM COST...

1 CFR 8.6 - Forms of publication.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2014-01-01 2012-01-01 true Forms of publication. 8.6 Section 8.6 General... FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.6 Forms of publication. (a) Under section 1506 of title 44, United States Code, the Administrative Committee authorizes publication of the Code of Federal Regulations in the...

1 CFR 8.6 - Forms of publication.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2013-01-01 2012-01-01 true Forms of publication. 8.6 Section 8.6 General... FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.6 Forms of publication. (a) Under section 1506 of title 44, United States Code, the Administrative Committee authorizes publication of the Code of Federal Regulations in the...

78 FR 38270 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife; Proposed Rule To Revise the Code of Federal Regulations for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-26

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 50 CFR Parts 223 and 224... the Code of Federal Regulations for Species Under the Jurisdiction of the National Marine Fisheries Service AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration...

18 CFR Table 1 to Part 301 - Functionalization and Escalation Codes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Functionalization and Escalation Codes 1 Table 1 to Part 301 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REGULATIONS FOR FEDERAL POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATIONS AVERAGE SYSTEM COST...

41 CFR 102-36.240 - What are the disposal condition codes?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What are the disposal condition codes? 102-36.240 Section 102-36.240 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION PERSONAL PROPERTY 36-DISPOSITION OF...

77 FR 43645 - Petition for Waiver of Compliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-25

...] Petition for Waiver of Compliance In accordance with Part 211 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal... Transportation (CSX), has petitioned the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) for a waiver of compliance from... Compliance. [FR Doc. 2012-18081 Filed 7-24-12; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910-06-P ...

DRG benchmarking study establishes national coding norms.

PubMed

Vaul, J H

1998-05-01

With the increase in fraud and abuse investigations, healthcare financial managers should examine their organization's medical record coding procedures. The Federal government and third-party payers are looking specifically for improper billing of outpatient services, unbundling of procedures to increase payment, assigning higher-paying DRG codes for inpatient claims, and other abuses. A recent benchmarking study of Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MEDPAR) data has established national norms for hospital coding and case mix based on DRGs and has revealed the majority of atypical coding cases fall into six DRG pairs. Organizations with a greater percentage of atypical cases--those more likely to be scrutinized by Federal investigators--will want to conduct suitable review and be sure appropriate documentation exists to justify the coding.

78 FR 18321 - International Code Council: The Update Process for the International Codes and Standards

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-26

... for Residential Construction in High Wind Regions. ICC 700: National Green Building Standard The..., coordinated, and necessary to regulate the built environment. Federal agencies frequently use these codes and... International Codes and Standards consist of the following: ICC Codes International Building Code. International...

36 CFR 1200.16 - Will I be penalized for misusing the official seals and logos?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... misusing the official seals and logos? 1200.16 Section 1200.16 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION GENERAL RULES OFFICIAL SEALS Penalties for Misuse of NARA Seals and Logos § 1200.16 Will I be penalized for misusing the official seals and logos? (a) Seals. (1) If you...

36 CFR 1200.16 - Will I be penalized for misusing the official seals and logos?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... misusing the official seals and logos? 1200.16 Section 1200.16 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION GENERAL RULES OFFICIAL SEALS Penalties for Misuse of NARA Seals and Logos § 1200.16 Will I be penalized for misusing the official seals and logos? (a) Seals. (1) If you...

27 CFR 24.148 - Penal sums of bonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Penal sums of bonds. 24.148 Section 24.148 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... Vinegar Plant Bond, TTB F 5510.2 Not less than the tax on all wine on hand, in transit, or unaccounted for...

Madness and crime: Zefinha, the longest confined woman in Brazil.

PubMed

Diniz, Debora; Brito, Luciana

2016-01-01

Living in a forensic hospital for the last 38 years, Josefa da Silva is the longest female inhabitant surviving the penal and psychiatric regime in Brazil. This paper analyses dossier, judicial proceedings, interviews and photographs about her. The psychiatric report is the key component of the medical and penal doubling of criminal insanity. Twelve psychiatric reports illustrate three time frames of the court files: abnormality, danger, and abandonment. The psychiatric authority over confinement has moved from discipline to security, and from disciplinary security to social assistance. In the arrangement between the penal and psychiatric powers, the judge recognizes the medical authority over the truth of insanity. It is the medicine of the reasons for Zefinha's internment that altered over the decades.

Beyond Nazi War Crimes Experiments: The Voluntary Consent Requirement of the Nuremberg Code at 70.

PubMed

Annas, George J

2018-01-01

The year 2017 marks both the 70th anniversary of the Nuremberg Code and the first major revisions of federal research regulations in almost 3 decades. I suggest that the informed consent provisions of the federal research regulations continue to follow the requirements of the Nuremberg Code. However, modifications are needed to the informed consent (and institutional review board) provisions to make the revised federal regulations more effective in promoting a genuine conversation between the researcher and the research subject. This conversation must take seriously both the therapeutic illusion and the desire of both the researcher and the research subject not to engage in sharing uncertainty.

2 CFR 1.305 - Federal agency responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Federal agency responsibilities. 1.305 Section 1.305 Grants and Agreements ABOUT TITLE 2 OF THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AND SUBTITLE A Responsibilities of OMB and Federal Agencies § 1.305 Federal agency responsibilities. The head of each Federal...

48 CFR 19.303 - Determining North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes and size standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Determining North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes and size standards. 19.303 Section 19.303 Federal Acquisition... of Small Business Status for Small Business Programs 19.303 Determining North American Industry...

77 FR 64837 - Federal Aviation Administration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-23

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration Fourth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 227, Standards of Navigation Performance AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), U.S... Operations Group, Federal Aviation Administration. [FR Doc. 2012-26034 Filed 10-22-12; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE...

78 FR 41183 - Federal Aviation Administration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-09

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration Meeting: RTCA Program Management Committee AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). ACTION... Operations Group, Federal Aviation Administration. [FR Doc. 2013-16464 Filed 7-8-13; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE...

SkyFACT: high-dimensional modeling of gamma-ray emission with adaptive templates and penalized likelihoods

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Storm, Emma; Weniger, Christoph; Calore, Francesca, E-mail: e.m.storm@uva.nl, E-mail: c.weniger@uva.nl, E-mail: francesca.calore@lapth.cnrs.fr

We present SkyFACT (Sky Factorization with Adaptive Constrained Templates), a new approach for studying, modeling and decomposing diffuse gamma-ray emission. Like most previous analyses, the approach relies on predictions from cosmic-ray propagation codes like GALPROP and DRAGON. However, in contrast to previous approaches, we account for the fact that models are not perfect and allow for a very large number (∼> 10{sup 5}) of nuisance parameters to parameterize these imperfections. We combine methods of image reconstruction and adaptive spatio-spectral template regression in one coherent hybrid approach. To this end, we use penalized Poisson likelihood regression, with regularization functions that aremore » motivated by the maximum entropy method. We introduce methods to efficiently handle the high dimensionality of the convex optimization problem as well as the associated semi-sparse covariance matrix, using the L-BFGS-B algorithm and Cholesky factorization. We test the method both on synthetic data as well as on gamma-ray emission from the inner Galaxy, |ℓ|<90{sup o} and | b |<20{sup o}, as observed by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. We finally define a simple reference model that removes most of the residual emission from the inner Galaxy, based on conventional diffuse emission components as well as components for the Fermi bubbles, the Fermi Galactic center excess, and extended sources along the Galactic disk. Variants of this reference model can serve as basis for future studies of diffuse emission in and outside the Galactic disk.« less

Reduced rank regression via adaptive nuclear norm penalization

PubMed Central

Chen, Kun; Dong, Hongbo; Chan, Kung-Sik

2014-01-01

Summary We propose an adaptive nuclear norm penalization approach for low-rank matrix approximation, and use it to develop a new reduced rank estimation method for high-dimensional multivariate regression. The adaptive nuclear norm is defined as the weighted sum of the singular values of the matrix, and it is generally non-convex under the natural restriction that the weight decreases with the singular value. However, we show that the proposed non-convex penalized regression method has a global optimal solution obtained from an adaptively soft-thresholded singular value decomposition. The method is computationally efficient, and the resulting solution path is continuous. The rank consistency of and prediction/estimation performance bounds for the estimator are established for a high-dimensional asymptotic regime. Simulation studies and an application in genetics demonstrate its efficacy. PMID:25045172

1 CFR 8.9 - Form of citation.

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77 FR 72913 - Defining Larger Participants of the Consumer Debt Collection Market; Correction

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2012-12-07

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Space and Missile Systems Center Standard: Test Requirements for Ground Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-30

Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields , 3kHz to...5] Federal Code of Regulations FCC Part 15 Federal Code of Regulations, Title 47: Telecommunication, Part 15– Radio Frequency Devices 2.3 Non...DT&E Development test and evaluation EMC Electromagnetic compatibility FAT Factory acceptance test FCA Functional configuration audit FCC

78 FR 46256 - Privacy Act

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2013-07-31

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2010-10-01

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A psychiatrist's role in “coming out” process: Context and controversies post-377

PubMed Central

Kalra, Gurvinder

2012-01-01

After the Delhi High Court judgment on reading down Section 377 Indian penal code, many individuals of alternate sexuality are wanting to come out to themselves and significant others in their lives. In this process, they often turn to psychiatrists seeking help. However the past of this specialty wherein homosexuality and other sexualities were considered a disease still haunts it with anecdotal reports of reorienting treatments continuing in certain parts of the country. While it is important to not continue with this unethical practice, at the same time, it is also important to be supportive to the issues that this and various other marginalized sexualities in our country face. This viewpoint is an attempt to reiterate certain steps that are to be followed by psychiatrists who find themselves in such clinical consultations. PMID:22556443

Advocacy for legal reform for safe abortion.

PubMed

Ashenafi, Meaza

2004-04-01

In Ethiopia, violation of women's reproductive rights is both a cause and a manifestation of women's disempowerment. Obstacles to full realisation of Ethiopian women's reproductive health and rights include the persistence of harmful traditional practices such as female genital mutilation, early marriage and abduction, as well as the disturbing prevalence of rape and HIV/AIDS. Unsafe abortion represents a particularly serious threat to women's health and lives. Ethiopia's status as a signatory to the Convention to Eliminate all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and its constitutional guarantee of women's equality demand more aggressive action to eradicate such practices and inequities. After years of lobbying by women's organisations, parliamentarians are now reviewing a draft of the 1957 penal code, which includes numerous provisions addressing some of these practices and other conditions that underlie women's poor social and health status.

Abortion and politics in Mexico: 'context is all'.

PubMed

Lamas, M; Bissell, S

2000-11-01

A strong collective pro-choice mentality was recently manifested in Mexico when a legislative initiative to revoke the legal right of rape survivor to abortion in the state of Guanajuato awakened national indignation. Pro-choice values were expressed in public opinion with such force that it sparked off the passage of liberalising law reforms in Mexico City and the state of Morelos. In this paper we trace the development of these manifestations of pro-choice views, beginning with the Democratic Revolution Party's (PRD) refusal in 1999 to modify abortion legislation within the context of penal code reform, and moving through the events surrounding the Guanajuato reform, and the pro-choice response of Mexico City and Morelos legislators. This analysis allows us to recognise the emergence of a pro-choice consciousness and to understand that, when it comes to abortion, 'context is all'.

Fungible Correlation Matrices: A Method for Generating Nonsingular, Singular, and Improper Correlation Matrices for Monte Carlo Research.

PubMed

Waller, Niels G

2016-01-01

For a fixed set of standardized regression coefficients and a fixed coefficient of determination (R-squared), an infinite number of predictor correlation matrices will satisfy the implied quadratic form. I call such matrices fungible correlation matrices. In this article, I describe an algorithm for generating positive definite (PD), positive semidefinite (PSD), or indefinite (ID) fungible correlation matrices that have a random or fixed smallest eigenvalue. The underlying equations of this algorithm are reviewed from both algebraic and geometric perspectives. Two simulation studies illustrate that fungible correlation matrices can be profitably used in Monte Carlo research. The first study uses PD fungible correlation matrices to compare penalized regression algorithms. The second study uses ID fungible correlation matrices to compare matrix-smoothing algorithms. R code for generating fungible correlation matrices is presented in the supplemental materials.

["Is there a doctor on board?" - legal aspects of medical care in emergency situations during spare time].

PubMed

Lindner, Christina; Lindner, Gregor; Exadaktylos, Aristomenis K

2013-12-11

Medical emergencies on international flights are not uncommon. In these situations the question often arises whether physicians are obliged to render first aid and whether omission leads to legal consequences. The general obligation to aid those in need applies to everyone, not only to physicians. Evading this duty makes liable to prosecution for omittance of defence of a third person in line with Art. 128 of the Swiss Penal Code, punishable by custodial sentence up to three years or an equivalent punitive fine. Vocational and professional law extend the duty to aid for physicians to urgent cases. Although resulting from the performance of a legal obligation, malpractice occurred in the course of first aid can lead to claims for compensation - even from foreign patients, and that according to their own domestic law.

Medical devices made into weapons by prisoners: an unrecognized risk.

PubMed

Hayden, J W; Laney, C; Kellermann, A L

1995-12-01

The alteration of a knee immobilizer into a sharp weapon by a prisoner prompted us to survey neighboring penal institutions to determine the frequency of such events. We mailed a nine-item survey to all detention facilities in Tennessee, Arkansas, and Mississippi. A second survey was sent to nonresponding institutions 6 weeks after the initial mailing. The Regional Medical Center at Memphis, the designated facility for evaluation and treatment of prisoners from the county jail and state penitentiary. Survey respondents included 25 state penitentiaries, 31 county jails, 1 state minimum-security facility, 1 state maximum-security facility, 1 work-release center, 1 county detention center for drunken-driving offenders, and 1 federal penitentiary. Of the 81 institutions surveyed, 77% responded to one of the two mailings. Forty percent responded in the affirmative when asked whether stolen or unauthorized medical equipment from outside their institutions had been discovered among inmates. When respondents were questioned as to whether medical equipment, prescribed or not, had been used or altered in a criminal manner, 34% responded "yes." Medications and medical appliances were listed in the responses. A survey of 81 local and neighboring penal institutions in a three-state area revealed that the illicit use of medicine and medical devices by prisoners is a legitimate safety concern of prison personnel and health care workers when medical care for inmates must be sought outside the security of their institutions. The modification of medical equipment into weapons by incarcerated patients, although clearly recognized as a security and safety problem by police authorities, appears to be unappreciated by health care workers providing episodic care to inmates.

75 FR 61552 - Federal Railroad Administration

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Robust Variable Selection with Exponential Squared Loss.

PubMed

Wang, Xueqin; Jiang, Yunlu; Huang, Mian; Zhang, Heping

2013-04-01

Robust variable selection procedures through penalized regression have been gaining increased attention in the literature. They can be used to perform variable selection and are expected to yield robust estimates. However, to the best of our knowledge, the robustness of those penalized regression procedures has not been well characterized. In this paper, we propose a class of penalized robust regression estimators based on exponential squared loss. The motivation for this new procedure is that it enables us to characterize its robustness that has not been done for the existing procedures, while its performance is near optimal and superior to some recently developed methods. Specifically, under defined regularity conditions, our estimators are [Formula: see text] and possess the oracle property. Importantly, we show that our estimators can achieve the highest asymptotic breakdown point of 1/2 and that their influence functions are bounded with respect to the outliers in either the response or the covariate domain. We performed simulation studies to compare our proposed method with some recent methods, using the oracle method as the benchmark. We consider common sources of influential points. Our simulation studies reveal that our proposed method performs similarly to the oracle method in terms of the model error and the positive selection rate even in the presence of influential points. In contrast, other existing procedures have a much lower non-causal selection rate. Furthermore, we re-analyze the Boston Housing Price Dataset and the Plasma Beta-Carotene Level Dataset that are commonly used examples for regression diagnostics of influential points. Our analysis unravels the discrepancies of using our robust method versus the other penalized regression method, underscoring the importance of developing and applying robust penalized regression methods.

Robust Variable Selection with Exponential Squared Loss

PubMed Central

Wang, Xueqin; Jiang, Yunlu; Huang, Mian; Zhang, Heping

2013-01-01

Robust variable selection procedures through penalized regression have been gaining increased attention in the literature. They can be used to perform variable selection and are expected to yield robust estimates. However, to the best of our knowledge, the robustness of those penalized regression procedures has not been well characterized. In this paper, we propose a class of penalized robust regression estimators based on exponential squared loss. The motivation for this new procedure is that it enables us to characterize its robustness that has not been done for the existing procedures, while its performance is near optimal and superior to some recently developed methods. Specifically, under defined regularity conditions, our estimators are n-consistent and possess the oracle property. Importantly, we show that our estimators can achieve the highest asymptotic breakdown point of 1/2 and that their influence functions are bounded with respect to the outliers in either the response or the covariate domain. We performed simulation studies to compare our proposed method with some recent methods, using the oracle method as the benchmark. We consider common sources of influential points. Our simulation studies reveal that our proposed method performs similarly to the oracle method in terms of the model error and the positive selection rate even in the presence of influential points. In contrast, other existing procedures have a much lower non-causal selection rate. Furthermore, we re-analyze the Boston Housing Price Dataset and the Plasma Beta-Carotene Level Dataset that are commonly used examples for regression diagnostics of influential points. Our analysis unravels the discrepancies of using our robust method versus the other penalized regression method, underscoring the importance of developing and applying robust penalized regression methods. PMID:23913996

AucPR: an AUC-based approach using penalized regression for disease prediction with high-dimensional omics data.

PubMed

Yu, Wenbao; Park, Taesung

2014-01-01

It is common to get an optimal combination of markers for disease classification and prediction when multiple markers are available. Many approaches based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) have been proposed. Existing works based on AUC in a high-dimensional context depend mainly on a non-parametric, smooth approximation of AUC, with no work using a parametric AUC-based approach, for high-dimensional data. We propose an AUC-based approach using penalized regression (AucPR), which is a parametric method used for obtaining a linear combination for maximizing the AUC. To obtain the AUC maximizer in a high-dimensional context, we transform a classical parametric AUC maximizer, which is used in a low-dimensional context, into a regression framework and thus, apply the penalization regression approach directly. Two kinds of penalization, lasso and elastic net, are considered. The parametric approach can avoid some of the difficulties of a conventional non-parametric AUC-based approach, such as the lack of an appropriate concave objective function and a prudent choice of the smoothing parameter. We apply the proposed AucPR for gene selection and classification using four real microarray and synthetic data. Through numerical studies, AucPR is shown to perform better than the penalized logistic regression and the nonparametric AUC-based method, in the sense of AUC and sensitivity for a given specificity, particularly when there are many correlated genes. We propose a powerful parametric and easily-implementable linear classifier AucPR, for gene selection and disease prediction for high-dimensional data. AucPR is recommended for its good prediction performance. Beside gene expression microarray data, AucPR can be applied to other types of high-dimensional omics data, such as miRNA and protein data.

Analytical determination of propeller performance degradation due to ice accretion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, T. L.

1986-01-01

A computer code has been developed which is capable of computing propeller performance for clean, glaze, or rime iced propeller configurations, thereby providing a mechanism for determining the degree of performance degradation which results from a given icing encounter. The inviscid, incompressible flow field at each specified propeller radial location is first computed using the Theodorsen transformation method of conformal mapping. A droplet trajectory computation then calculates droplet impingement points and airfoil collection efficiency for each radial location, at which point several user-selectable empirical correlations are available for determining the aerodynamic penalities which arise due to the ice accretion. Propeller performance is finally computed using strip analysis for either the clean or iced propeller. In the iced mode, the differential thrust and torque coefficient equations are modified by the drag and lift coefficient increments due to ice to obtain the appropriate iced values. Comparison with available experimental propeller icing data shows good agreement in several cases. The code's capability to properly predict iced thrust coefficient, power coefficient, and propeller efficiency is shown to be dependent on the choice of empirical correlation employed as well as proper specification of radial icing extent.

2 CFR 1.220 - Federal agency implementation of this subtitle.

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2010-01-01

... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Federal agency implementation of this subtitle. 1.220 Section 1.220 Grants and Agreements ABOUT TITLE 2 OF THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AND SUBTITLE A Introduction toSubtitle A § 1.220 Federal agency implementation of this subtitle. A Federal...

Penalized regression procedures for variable selection in the potential outcomes framework

PubMed Central

Ghosh, Debashis; Zhu, Yeying; Coffman, Donna L.

2015-01-01

A recent topic of much interest in causal inference is model selection. In this article, we describe a framework in which to consider penalized regression approaches to variable selection for causal effects. The framework leads to a simple ‘impute, then select’ class of procedures that is agnostic to the type of imputation algorithm as well as penalized regression used. It also clarifies how model selection involves a multivariate regression model for causal inference problems, and that these methods can be applied for identifying subgroups in which treatment effects are homogeneous. Analogies and links with the literature on machine learning methods, missing data and imputation are drawn. A difference LASSO algorithm is defined, along with its multiple imputation analogues. The procedures are illustrated using a well-known right heart catheterization dataset. PMID:25628185

76 FR 63612 - National Committee on Foreign Medical Education and Accreditation Meeting

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2011-10-13

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Participatory Workplace Wellness Programs: Reward, Penalty, and Regulatory Conflict

PubMed Central

Pomeranz, Jennifer L

2015-01-01

Context In keeping with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Congress revised the law related to workplace wellness programs. In June 2013, the Departments of Treasury, Labor, and Health and Human Services passed the final regulations, updating their 2006 regulatory framework. Participatory programs that reward the completion of a health risk assessment are now the most common type of wellness program in the United States. However, legal and ethical concerns emerge when employers utilize incentives that raise questions about the voluntariness of such programs. At issue is that under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, employers cannot require health-related inquiries and exams. Methods To analyze the current interpretation of the ADA, I conducted research on both LexisNexis and federal agency websites. The resulting article evaluates the differences in the language of Congress's enabling legislation and the federal departments’ regulations and how they may conflict with the ADA. It also reviews the federal government's authority to address both the legal conflict and ethical concerns related to nonvoluntary participatory programs. Findings Employers’ practices and the federal departments’ regulations conflict with the current interpretation of the ADA by permitting employers to penalize employees who do not complete a health risk assessment. The departments’ regulations may be interpreted as conflicting with Congress's legislation, which mentions penalties only for health-contingent wellness programs. Furthermore, the regulatory protections for employees applicable to health-contingent wellness programs do not apply to participatory programs. Conclusions Either Congress or the federal agencies should address the conflict among employers’ practices, the wellness regulations, and the ADA and also consider additional protections for employees. Employers can avoid ethical and legal complications by offering voluntary programs with positive incentives. PMID:26044631

A displacement-based finite element formulation for incompressible and nearly-incompressible cardiac mechanics

PubMed Central

Hadjicharalambous, Myrianthi; Lee, Jack; Smith, Nicolas P.; Nordsletten, David A.

2014-01-01

The Lagrange Multiplier (LM) and penalty methods are commonly used to enforce incompressibility and compressibility in models of cardiac mechanics. In this paper we show how both formulations may be equivalently thought of as a weakly penalized system derived from the statically condensed Perturbed Lagrangian formulation, which may be directly discretized maintaining the simplicity of penalty formulations with the convergence characteristics of LM techniques. A modified Shamanskii–Newton–Raphson scheme is introduced to enhance the nonlinear convergence of the weakly penalized system and, exploiting its equivalence, modifications are developed for the penalty form. Focusing on accuracy, we proceed to study the convergence behavior of these approaches using different interpolation schemes for both a simple test problem and more complex models of cardiac mechanics. Our results illustrate the well-known influence of locking phenomena on the penalty approach (particularly for lower order schemes) and its effect on accuracy for whole-cycle mechanics. Additionally, we verify that direct discretization of the weakly penalized form produces similar convergence behavior to mixed formulations while avoiding the use of an additional variable. Combining a simple structure which allows the solution of computationally challenging problems with good convergence characteristics, the weakly penalized form provides an accurate and efficient alternative to incompressibility and compressibility in cardiac mechanics. PMID:25187672

A displacement-based finite element formulation for incompressible and nearly-incompressible cardiac mechanics.

PubMed

Hadjicharalambous, Myrianthi; Lee, Jack; Smith, Nicolas P; Nordsletten, David A

2014-06-01

The Lagrange Multiplier (LM) and penalty methods are commonly used to enforce incompressibility and compressibility in models of cardiac mechanics. In this paper we show how both formulations may be equivalently thought of as a weakly penalized system derived from the statically condensed Perturbed Lagrangian formulation, which may be directly discretized maintaining the simplicity of penalty formulations with the convergence characteristics of LM techniques. A modified Shamanskii-Newton-Raphson scheme is introduced to enhance the nonlinear convergence of the weakly penalized system and, exploiting its equivalence, modifications are developed for the penalty form. Focusing on accuracy, we proceed to study the convergence behavior of these approaches using different interpolation schemes for both a simple test problem and more complex models of cardiac mechanics. Our results illustrate the well-known influence of locking phenomena on the penalty approach (particularly for lower order schemes) and its effect on accuracy for whole-cycle mechanics. Additionally, we verify that direct discretization of the weakly penalized form produces similar convergence behavior to mixed formulations while avoiding the use of an additional variable. Combining a simple structure which allows the solution of computationally challenging problems with good convergence characteristics, the weakly penalized form provides an accurate and efficient alternative to incompressibility and compressibility in cardiac mechanics.

The Rise and Fall of a Ponzi Scheme: The Ideal Illustration of the Law and Ethics of the Federal Bankruptcy Code

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Benson, Sandra S.; Chumney, Wade M.

2011-01-01

The news is rife with Ponzi schemes--named after Charles Ponzi, who enticed investors with promissory notes paying an above-market return. Ponzi schemes present a unique opportunity to bring to life a federal Bankruptcy Code by illustrating the requirements for commencing a voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy case, the broad avoidance powers of…

Disposal Notifications and Quarterly Membership Updates for the Utility Solid Waste Group Members’ Risk-Based Approvals to Dispose of PCB Remediation Waste Under Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations Section 761.61(c)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Disposal Notifications and Quarterly Membership Updates for the Utility Solid Waste Group Members’ Risk-Based Approvals to Dispose of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Remediation Waste Under Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations Section 761.61(c)

76 FR 55677 - Federal Open Market Committee; Domestic Policy Directive of August 9, 2011

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78 FR 13673 - Federal Open Market Committee; Domestic Policy Directive of January 29-30, 2013

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... penalized because a parent refuses to work because (s)he cannot find child care? 286.150 Section 286.150... a parent refuses to work because (s)he cannot find child care? (a) If the individual is a single custodial parent caring for a child under age six, the Tribe may not reduce or terminate assistance based on...

45 CFR 286.150 - Can a family, with a child under age 6, be penalized because a parent refuses to work because (s...

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... penalized because a parent refuses to work because (s)he cannot find child care? 286.150 Section 286.150... a parent refuses to work because (s)he cannot find child care? (a) If the individual is a single custodial parent caring for a child under age six, the Tribe may not reduce or terminate assistance based on...

45 CFR 286.150 - Can a family, with a child under age 6, be penalized because a parent refuses to work because (s...

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45 CFR 286.150 - Can a family, with a child under age 6, be penalized because a parent refuses to work because (s...

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45 CFR 286.150 - Can a family, with a child under age 6, be penalized because a parent refuses to work because (s...

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Postcolonial penality: Liberty and repression in the shadow of independence, India c. 1947

PubMed Central

Brown, Mark

2016-01-01

This article reports primary archival data on the colonial penal history of British India and its reconfiguration into the postcolonial Indian state. It introduces criminologists to frameworks through which postcolonial scholars have sought to make sense of the continuities and discontinuities of rule across the colonial/postcolonial divide. The article examines the postcolonial life of one example of colonial penal power, known as the criminal tribes policy, under which more than three million Indian subjects of British rule were restricted in their movements, subject to a host of administrative rules and sometimes severe punishments, sequestered in settlements and limited in access to legal redress. It illustrates how at the birth of the postcolonial Indian state, encompassing visions of a liberal, unfettered and free life guaranteed in a new Constitution and charter of Fundamental Rights, freedom for some was to prove as elusive as citizens as it had been as subjects. PMID:28503082

Postcolonial penality: Liberty and repression in the shadow of independence, India c. 1947.

PubMed

Brown, Mark

2017-05-01

This article reports primary archival data on the colonial penal history of British India and its reconfiguration into the postcolonial Indian state. It introduces criminologists to frameworks through which postcolonial scholars have sought to make sense of the continuities and discontinuities of rule across the colonial/postcolonial divide. The article examines the postcolonial life of one example of colonial penal power, known as the criminal tribes policy, under which more than three million Indian subjects of British rule were restricted in their movements, subject to a host of administrative rules and sometimes severe punishments, sequestered in settlements and limited in access to legal redress. It illustrates how at the birth of the postcolonial Indian state, encompassing visions of a liberal, unfettered and free life guaranteed in a new Constitution and charter of Fundamental Rights, freedom for some was to prove as elusive as citizens as it had been as subjects.

10 CFR 434.99 - Explanation of numbering system for codes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Explanation of numbering system for codes. 434.99 Section 434.99 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CODE FOR NEW FEDERAL COMMERCIAL AND MULTI-FAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS § 434.99 Explanation of numbering system for codes. (a) For...

10 CFR 434.99 - Explanation of numbering system for codes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Explanation of numbering system for codes. 434.99 Section 434.99 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CODE FOR NEW FEDERAL COMMERCIAL AND MULTI-FAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS § 434.99 Explanation of numbering system for codes. (a) For...

[Forensic medicine and the overlap with pathology].

PubMed

Riepert, T

2010-07-01

Forensic medicine incorporates research, teaching and professional service. In the routine practice this encompasses interdisciplinary cooperation with physicians, natural scientists and the legal profession. Lectures in forensic medicine include the correct performance of an external examination of corpses, which every physician must be capable of, just as medical questions and the evidential documentation of injuries. Clinical forensic medicine encompasses the examination and documentation of living victims of physical and/or sexual violence. For further training to become a specialist for forensic medicine it is mandatory to undertake a 6-month training period in pathology. Fatalities with an unclear or unnatural manner of death must be registered with the police. On suspicion of third party involvement the public prosecutor will request a legal autopsy, which is carried out and documented by two physicians in accordance with the penal code. Imaging procedures are standard for an autopsy. Extensive samples are taken for additional testing, such as toxicological and molecular biological investigations.

Access to safe legal abortion in Malaysia: women's insights and health sector response.

PubMed

Low, Wah-Yun; Tong, Wen-Ting; Wong, Yut-Lin; Jegasothy, Ravindran; Choong, Sim-Poey

2015-01-01

Malaysia has an abortion law, which permits termination of pregnancy to save a woman's life and to preserve her physical and mental health (Penal Code Section 312, amended in 1989). However, lack of clear interpretation and understanding of the law results in women facing difficulties in accessing abortion information and services. Some health care providers were unaware of the legalities of abortion in Malaysia and influenced by their personal beliefs with regard to provision of abortion services. Accessibility to safer abortion techniques is also an issue. The development of the 2012 Guidelines on Termination of Pregnancy and Guidelines for Management of Sexual and Reproductive Health among Adolescents in Health Clinics by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia, is a step forward toward increasing women's accessibility to safe abortion services in Malaysia. This article provides an account of women's accessibility to abortion in Malaysia and the health sector response in addressing the barriers. © 2014 APJPH.

Sexual Abuse in Cameroon: A Four-Year-Old Girl Victim of Rape in Buea Case Study.

PubMed

Chishugi, John; Franke, Trixy

2016-01-01

A young girl was brought to the emergency unit after suffering sexual abuse by an older male. Additional abuses against women and girls include physical beating, forced marriage, female genital mutilation, breast ironing, widow's rites, psychological abuse, and discrimination in education, finance, employment, and legal access. Cameroon has adopted strategies aimed at eliminating violence against women, including ratification of international policies, penal codes, and support of local and international efforts that promote women; however, many of the laws remain in name only and are rarely enforced, given women's lack of financial access to quality lawyers and an unsympathetic male-dominated police force. Underreporting and culturally accepted abuses remain a challenge, too, as the country seeks to understand the extent of abuses and how to effectively fight against them. A complete paradigm shift in cultural attitude toward the female gender is required for abuses to cease.

In Mexico, abortion rights strictly for the books.

PubMed

Farmer, A

2000-06-01

This paper characterizes the Mexican abortion laws using the case of a girl aged 14 years, Paulina Ramirez Jacinta, who was raped, became pregnant, and chose to terminate the unwanted pregnancy, yet was denied an abortion. This case clearly showed that Mexican abortion law, despite its legality, is highly restrictive in nature and, in a way, violated the human rights of Paulina. Even though it permits first-trimester abortion procedures for rape victims or women whose lives are endangered by the pregnancy, many pregnant women still resort to illegal abortion. To further aggravate the restrictive nature of the law, Baja California state Rep. Martin Dominguez Rocha made a proposal to eliminate the rape exception in the state's penal code. The case of Paulina will be handled by the lawyers at the Center for Reproductive Law and Policy in order to arrive at a settlement favorable to Paulina.

[Freedom of conscience. Biojuridical conflicts at multicultural societies].

PubMed

Albert Márquez, Marta

2010-01-01

The paper analyzes the right of healthcare professionals to conscientious objection at multicultural societies. the ethical relativism, characteristic of these societies, lives together with an apparently paradoxical reduction of the exercise of freedom of conscience. It is wrote "Apparently" because, at the end, the ethical relativism tends to the adoption of dogmatic attitudes. Special attention is paid to the situation of Spanish healthcare in relation with euthanasia and abortion. With regard to euthanasia, the "dignified dead" draft bill of Andalucía is considered. With regard to abortion, we will pay attention to the reform of the Penal Code in the context of a new regulation about "reproductive health" of women, which means the adoption of a system of time limits, and the characterization of abortion as a women's right. It is concluded that the freedom of conscience of healthcare professionals would be probably at risk if proposed legal policies doesn't change.

[Right of the adolescent to health protection according to Italian legislation].

PubMed

Schwarzenberg, T L

1983-04-30

A comprehensive study on the rights of the adolescent to the protection of his health according to existing Italian legislation is carried out. After a full examination of international law, the author carefully evaluates all specific articles of the Italian Constitution and all the civil and penal code articles regarding rights and duties of minors. The juridical figure of the adolescent in labor legislation is also examined together with regulations for the healthcare of drug-addicted adolescents and regulations allowing abortion or use of contraception in minor adolescents. After the general overview of the existing legislation, the author discusses the possibility of a proper management in Italy of the Centers for Clinical Adolescentology, as has already been done in other countries. This, however, implies a pressing demand for appropriate modifications of existing legislation to fill all the existing gaps and remove the more obvious contradictions. (author's modified)

Changes in attitudes towards war and violence after September 11, 2001.

PubMed

Carnagey, Nicholas L; Anderson, Craig A

2007-01-01

Two inter-related studies examined the effect of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on attitudes towards war and violence. A three-wave between-subjects analysis revealed that attitudes towards war became more positive after September 11, 2001 and remained high over a year afterwards. Self-reported trait physical aggression also rose after September 11. Attitudes towards penal code violence (PCV) became more positive immediately after September 11, but were somewhat reduced a year afterward. A two-wave within subjects study revealed that war attitudes became even more positive at 2 months post-September 11. Attitudes towards PCV became less positive during this time period, but only for women. Other aggression-related attitudes were not affected in either study. These studies demonstrate that a large-scale event can change attitudes, but those attitudes must be directly relevant to the event. Copyright 2006 Wiley-Liss; Inc.

Special investigative actions in the criminal procedural law of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and their purposefulness in law

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodic, V.

2017-05-01

Special investigative actions are a novelty in the criminal procedure legislation BiH. In our legislation this has been introduced only in 2003. These are actions that need to assist prosecutors to effectively reveal the perpetrators and the evidence of serious and complex crimes, especially organized crime. There are criminal offenses in whose execution included a larger number of people in different locations and which are carried out with the help of new communication technologies, so that it is not possible to prove the classic means of evidence (documents, physical evidence, witnesses). Unfortunately, criminals are often better organized than the state and in their criminal activities are introduced various technological developments. Therefore, the legislator extended the powers of the prosecutor and gave them into the hands of more effective mechanisms for discovering the perpetrators of these crimes. Special investigative measures are listed in the Penal Code.

(De-) criminalization of attempted suicide in India: A review

PubMed Central

Ranjan, Rajeev; Kumar, Saurabh; Pattanayak, Raman Deep; Dhawan, Anju; Sagar, Rajesh

2014-01-01

Attempted suicide is a serious problem requiring mental health interventions, but it continues to be treated as a criminal offence under the section 309 of Indian Penal Code. The article reviews the international legal perspective across various regions of the world, discusses the unintended consequences of section 309 IPC and highlights the need for decriminalization of attempted suicide in India. The Mental Health Care Bill, 2013, still under consideration in the Rajya Sabha (upper house), has proposed that attempted suicide should not be criminally prosecuted. Decriminalization of suicidal attempt will serve to cut down the undue stigma and avoid punishment in the aftermath of incident, and lead to a more accurate collection of suicide-related statistics. From a policy perspective, it will further emphasize the urgent need to develop a framework to deliver mental health services to all those who attempt suicide. PMID:25535437

48 CFR 3.1001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 3.1001 Section 3.1001 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL IMPROPER BUSINESS PRACTICES AND PERSONAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct 3.1001...

A constitution for AIDS.

PubMed

Koshy, L M

1996-01-15

The Indian Health Organization projected the number of deaths per day due to AIDS by the year 2000 at 10,000. An interdisciplinary international conference was held in New Delhi to draft an international law governing the issues related to AIDS. Human freedom and public health policies are the most affected by this disease. In the absence of an international AIDS law, judicial verdicts set precedents and could have serious ramifications. A participant from the John Marshall Law School, Chicago, suggested that instead of making new laws, the existing ones from the colonial past should be repealed. This includes Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which provides criminal sanctions against those who indulge in unnatural relations with man, woman, or animal. Penalizing homosexuality will only perpetuate clandestine relations and spread the virus into their families. Another participant seconded this motion stating that even a sex worker must be protected from abuse and indignity. The National AIDS Control Organization responded to the criticism that the government had not utilized all the World Bank funds allocated for anti-AIDS projects. The trends of the epidemic were the most important indicators not just the numbers. In Manipur and Mizoram, infection was almost entirely due to injecting drug use. The Saheli project undertaken in the red-light areas of Bombay encompassed brothel owners and prostitutes, which could be replicated in other areas. Because existing government policies were focusing on prevention, there was no protection of an HIV-infected individual's privacy, one participant from Madras stated. The confidentiality issue was also echoed by a US participant. The New Delhi Declaration and Action Plan on HIV/AIDS was also discussed. It forbids discrimination in employment, education, housing, health care, social security, travel, and marital and reproductive rights. Providing sterile needles and ensuring the safety of the blood supply were other concerns mentioned.

Integrated analysis of DNA-methylation and gene expression using high-dimensional penalized regression: a cohort study on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.

PubMed

Lien, Tonje G; Borgan, Ørnulf; Reppe, Sjur; Gautvik, Kaare; Glad, Ingrid Kristine

2018-03-07

Using high-dimensional penalized regression we studied genome-wide DNA-methylation in bone biopsies of 80 postmenopausal women in relation to their bone mineral density (BMD). The women showed BMD varying from severely osteoporotic to normal. Global gene expression data from the same individuals was available, and since DNA-methylation often affects gene expression, the overall aim of this paper was to include both of these omics data sets into an integrated analysis. The classical penalized regression uses one penalty, but we incorporated individual penalties for each of the DNA-methylation sites. These individual penalties were guided by the strength of association between DNA-methylations and gene transcript levels. DNA-methylations that were highly associated to one or more transcripts got lower penalties and were therefore favored compared to DNA-methylations showing less association to expression. Because of the complex pathways and interactions among genes, we investigated both the association between DNA-methylations and their corresponding cis gene, as well as the association between DNA-methylations and trans-located genes. Two integrating penalized methods were used: first, an adaptive group-regularized ridge regression, and secondly, variable selection was performed through a modified version of the weighted lasso. When information from gene expressions was integrated, predictive performance was considerably improved, in terms of predictive mean square error, compared to classical penalized regression without data integration. We found a 14.7% improvement in the ridge regression case and a 17% improvement for the lasso case. Our version of the weighted lasso with data integration found a list of 22 interesting methylation sites. Several corresponded to genes that are known to be important in bone formation. Using BMD as response and these 22 methylation sites as covariates, least square regression analyses resulted in R 2 =0.726, comparable to an average R 2 =0.438 for 10000 randomly selected groups of DNA-methylations with group size 22. Two recent types of penalized regression methods were adapted to integrate DNA-methylation and their association to gene expression in the analysis of bone mineral density. In both cases predictions clearly benefit from including the additional information on gene expressions.

2 CFR 1.210 - Applicability to Federal agencies and others.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Applicability to Federal agencies and others. 1.210 Section 1.210 Grants and Agreements ABOUT TITLE 2 OF THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AND... may apply to— (1) The agency's awarding or administering officials; (2) Non-Federal entities that...

Financial Management Handbook for Federal and State Grant Programs. Bulletin No. 7120.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wisconsin State Dept. of Public Instruction, Madison.

This handbook provides a reference to the fiscal requirements and procedures for effective management of federal and state education grant programs in Wisconsin. The handbook references the Code of Federal Regulations, the federal Single Audit Act of 1984, and state statutes. Part A discusses the education department's general administrative…

10 CFR Appendix A to Subpart E of... - DOE Federally Assisted Programs Containing Age Distinctions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false DOE Federally Assisted Programs Containing Age...) NONDISCRIMINATION IN FEDERALLY ASSISTED PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Age-Age... Federally Assisted Programs Containing Age Distinctions Statute, Name, Public Law, and U.S. Code Section and...

78 FR 64929 - National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity (NACIQI)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-30

... process for institutions of higher education under Title IV, of the HEA, together with recommendations for... Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations is available via the Federal Digital System at: www... of the Department published in the Federal Register by using the article search feature at: www...

78 FR 8407 - Endosulfan; Pesticide Tolerance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-06

..., food manufacturers, or pesticide manufacturers. The following list of North American Industrial... (NAICS code 111). Animal Production (NAICS code 112). Food Manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide... statutory standards of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) section 408. EPA may in the future...

Regulatory changes that affect coding for immunotherapy.

PubMed

Atwater, J Spencer

2006-02-01

During the past decade, a variety of federal regulations have had a significant impact on the way allergen immunotherapy is reimbursed and how Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes are used for this purpose. As mandated by the US Congress, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) through the Office of the Inspector General (OIG) targeted immunotherapy codes for scrutiny, because they are some of the most frequently used codes. To examine how federal regulations have affected reimbursement for allergy immunotherapy and other allergy services. A review was performed of the OIG survey of allergy immunotherapy and the OIG recommendations on CPT coding compliance guidelines. A preliminary survey found problems with medical appropriateness of allergen immunotherapy. For this reason, the OIG performed a more comprehensive study of 301 physicians using code 95165 to analyze by medical record and billing data whether the new billing rules were being correctly used and found that only 44% of physicians were following the new definition of a billable dose. In the early 1990s, the federal government served notice of its intent to more aggressively identify and prosecute health care providers who improperly billed and collected for medical services. Through the adoption of the 1991 US Sentencing Commission Guidelines, the government sought to enhance compliance by mandating lesser criminal penalties for violating organizations that nevertheless maintained and operated "effective compliance plans." In 2002, the OIG audited health care providers and recouped dollar 14.4 billion in improper payments by Medicare. Between January and June 2003, Medicare excluded 1,241 individual providers and health care entities due to fraudulent billing practices. Federal regulations have significantly affected reimbursement for allergy immunotherapy and other allergy services. Allergists need to be aware of these changes and implement the new recommendations into their practices.

Tracking Multiple Video Targets with an Improved GM-PHD Tracker

PubMed Central

Zhou, Xiaolong; Yu, Hui; Liu, Honghai; Li, Youfu

2015-01-01

Tracking multiple moving targets from a video plays an important role in many vision-based robotic applications. In this paper, we propose an improved Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (GM-PHD) tracker with weight penalization to effectively and accurately track multiple moving targets from a video. First, an entropy-based birth intensity estimation method is incorporated to eliminate the false positives caused by noisy video data. Then, a weight-penalized method with multi-feature fusion is proposed to accurately track the targets in close movement. For targets without occlusion, a weight matrix that contains all updated weights between the predicted target states and the measurements is constructed, and a simple, but effective method based on total weight and predicted target state is proposed to search the ambiguous weights in the weight matrix. The ambiguous weights are then penalized according to the fused target features that include spatial-colour appearance, histogram of oriented gradient and target area and further re-normalized to form a new weight matrix. With this new weight matrix, the tracker can correctly track the targets in close movement without occlusion. For targets with occlusion, a robust game-theoretical method is used. Finally, the experiments conducted on various video scenarios validate the effectiveness of the proposed penalization method and show the superior performance of our tracker over the state of the art. PMID:26633422

48 CFR 3.1002 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Policy. 3.1002 Section 3.1002 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL IMPROPER BUSINESS PRACTICES AND PERSONAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct 3.1002 Policy...

48 CFR 3.1002 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Policy. 3.1002 Section 3.1002 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL IMPROPER BUSINESS PRACTICES AND PERSONAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct 3.1002 Policy...

78 FR 21705 - Petition for Waiver of Compliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-11

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Railroad Administration [Docket Number FRA-2012-0097] Petition for Waiver of Compliance In accordance with Part 211 of Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR... Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) for a waiver of compliance from certain [[Page 21706

78 FR 28283 - Petition for Waiver of Compliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-14

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Railroad Administration [Docket Number FRA-2013-0031] Petition for Waiver of Compliance In accordance with Part 211 of Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR... for a waiver of compliance from certain provisions of the Federal railroad safety regulations...

41 CFR 101-29.218 - Voluntary standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Regulations System FEDERAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS SUPPLY AND PROCUREMENT 29-FEDERAL PRODUCT... standards,” but does not include professional standards of personal conduct, institutional codes of ethics...

29 CFR 1400.735-20 - Code of Professional Conduct for Labor Mediators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Code of Professional Conduct for Labor Mediators. 1400.735... Conduct and Responsibilities § 1400.735-20 Code of Professional Conduct for Labor Mediators. In 1964, a Code of Professional Conduct for Labor Mediators was drafted by a Federal-State Liaison Committee and...

Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy: Health Policy and Practice in the Midst of an Epidemic

PubMed Central

Krans, Elizabeth E.; Patrick, Stephen W.

2016-01-01

Opioid abuse among pregnant women has reached epidemic proportions and has influenced maternal and child health policy at the federal, state and local levels. As a result, we review the current state of opioid use in pregnancy and evaluate recent legislative and health policy initiatives designed to combat opioid addiction in pregnancy. We emphasize the importance of safe and responsible opioid prescribing practices, expanding the availability and accessibility of medication-assisted treatment and standardizing care for infants at risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome. Efforts to penalize pregnant women and negative consequences for disclosing substance use to providers are harmful and may prevent women from seeking prenatal care and other beneficial health care services during pregnancy. Instead, providers should advocate for health policy informed by scientific research and evidence-based practice to reduce the burden of prenatal opioid abuse and optimize outcomes for mothers and their infants. PMID:27275812

Demography, vulnerabilities and right to health to Brazilian prison population.

PubMed

Soares, Marden Marques; Bueno, Paula Michele Martins Gomes

2016-06-01

This study investigates the latest research on the profile of the Brazilian prison population, its demography and current laws and regulations. It aims in the direction of ensuring the human right to health. Brazilian prison system is a complex universe in which state and federal criminal contexts keep more than 607,000 people in custody. This population is composed of 75% of young and black people, 67% poorly educated and 41% are pre-trial detainees, living in overcrowded prisons and architecturally vandalized, with population growth of around 575% in 24 years, making this environment a major focus of production of diseases. The prison becomes the object of differentiated intervention by public bodies linked to the executive and the judiciary - it is worth remarking that the data show the high level of inequalities and health vulnerabilities among the prison population, whose needs involve a set of cross-sector of transverse public policies actions towards penal execution.

William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program. Final Regulations. Federal Register, Department of Education, 34 CFR Part 685

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Archives and Records Administration, 2014

2014-01-01

The purpose of this regulatory action is to amend the regulations governing the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) Program (§ 685.200 of title 34 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)). These regulations strengthen and improve administration of the Federal Direct PLUS Loan Program authorized under title IV of the Higher Education…

U. S. statutes of general interest to safeguards and security officers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cadwell, J.J.

1988-01-01

A handbook of enforcement provisions of Federal law and regulations was prepared for use by U.S. DOE Security Inspectors. This handbook provides security inspectors for the U.S. Department of Energy, security officers at Nuclear Regulatory Licensee facilities, and others with a single document containing most of the Federal law provisions available to assist them in enforcing agency regulations. The handbook contains selected enforcement provisions of Titles 18, 42 and 50 of the United States Code (USC). Topical coverage of Title 18 includes Espionage and Misrepresentation or Impersonation; Theft and Embezzlement; Malicious Mischief; Conspiracy; Search and Seizure. A miscellaneous section dealsmore » with explosives, blackmail, firearms, and other subjects. Certain enforcement sections of Title 42 of the USC (The Atomic Energy Act) and of the Internal Security Act of the United States Code (Title 50) are also provided. Finally, relevant parts of the Federal Property Management Regulations of Title 50, Chapter 101 of the Code of Federal Regulations are presented. A comprehensive index is provided based on key words.« less

Penalized likelihood and multi-objective spatial scans for the detection and inference of irregular clusters

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Irregularly shaped spatial clusters are difficult to delineate. A cluster found by an algorithm often spreads through large portions of the map, impacting its geographical meaning. Penalized likelihood methods for Kulldorff's spatial scan statistics have been used to control the excessive freedom of the shape of clusters. Penalty functions based on cluster geometry and non-connectivity have been proposed recently. Another approach involves the use of a multi-objective algorithm to maximize two objectives: the spatial scan statistics and the geometric penalty function. Results & Discussion We present a novel scan statistic algorithm employing a function based on the graph topology to penalize the presence of under-populated disconnection nodes in candidate clusters, the disconnection nodes cohesion function. A disconnection node is defined as a region within a cluster, such that its removal disconnects the cluster. By applying this function, the most geographically meaningful clusters are sifted through the immense set of possible irregularly shaped candidate cluster solutions. To evaluate the statistical significance of solutions for multi-objective scans, a statistical approach based on the concept of attainment function is used. In this paper we compared different penalized likelihoods employing the geometric and non-connectivity regularity functions and the novel disconnection nodes cohesion function. We also build multi-objective scans using those three functions and compare them with the previous penalized likelihood scans. An application is presented using comprehensive state-wide data for Chagas' disease in puerperal women in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Conclusions We show that, compared to the other single-objective algorithms, multi-objective scans present better performance, regarding power, sensitivity and positive predicted value. The multi-objective non-connectivity scan is faster and better suited for the detection of moderately irregularly shaped clusters. The multi-objective cohesion scan is most effective for the detection of highly irregularly shaped clusters. PMID:21034451

dPIRPLE: a joint estimation framework for deformable registration and penalized-likelihood CT image reconstruction using prior images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dang, H.; Wang, A. S.; Sussman, Marc S.; Siewerdsen, J. H.; Stayman, J. W.

2014-09-01

Sequential imaging studies are conducted in many clinical scenarios. Prior images from previous studies contain a great deal of patient-specific anatomical information and can be used in conjunction with subsequent imaging acquisitions to maintain image quality while enabling radiation dose reduction (e.g., through sparse angular sampling, reduction in fluence, etc). However, patient motion between images in such sequences results in misregistration between the prior image and current anatomy. Existing prior-image-based approaches often include only a simple rigid registration step that can be insufficient for capturing complex anatomical motion, introducing detrimental effects in subsequent image reconstruction. In this work, we propose a joint framework that estimates the 3D deformation between an unregistered prior image and the current anatomy (based on a subsequent data acquisition) and reconstructs the current anatomical image using a model-based reconstruction approach that includes regularization based on the deformed prior image. This framework is referred to as deformable prior image registration, penalized-likelihood estimation (dPIRPLE). Central to this framework is the inclusion of a 3D B-spline-based free-form-deformation model into the joint registration-reconstruction objective function. The proposed framework is solved using a maximization strategy whereby alternating updates to the registration parameters and image estimates are applied allowing for improvements in both the registration and reconstruction throughout the optimization process. Cadaver experiments were conducted on a cone-beam CT testbench emulating a lung nodule surveillance scenario. Superior reconstruction accuracy and image quality were demonstrated using the dPIRPLE algorithm as compared to more traditional reconstruction methods including filtered backprojection, penalized-likelihood estimation (PLE), prior image penalized-likelihood estimation (PIPLE) without registration, and prior image penalized-likelihood estimation with rigid registration of a prior image (PIRPLE) over a wide range of sampling sparsity and exposure levels.

21 CFR 184.1443 - Magnesium sulfate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... is incorporated by reference. Copies are available from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution...: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) In...

40 CFR 1042.910 - Reference materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... incorporated by reference into this part. The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by... and Radiation Docket and Information Center, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Room B102, EPA West Building.../federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (a) IMO material. This paragraph (a...

40 CFR 1043.100 - Reference materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... this part. The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by reference as prescribed... Docket and Information Center, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Room B102, EPA West Building, Washington, DC.../federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (a) IMO material. This paragraph (a...

40 CFR 1043.100 - Reference materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... this part. The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by reference as prescribed... Docket and Information Center, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Room B102, EPA West Building, Washington, DC.../federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (a) IMO material. This paragraph (a...

40 CFR 1042.910 - Reference materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... incorporated by reference into this part. The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by... and Radiation Docket and Information Center, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Room B102, EPA West Building.../federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (a) IMO material. This paragraph (a...

77 FR 25783 - Petition for Waiver of Compliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-01

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Railroad Administration [Docket Number FRA-2012-0034] Petition for Waiver of Compliance In accordance with Part 211 of Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR..., Iowa (City), has petitioned the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) for a waiver of compliance from...

77 FR 25228 - Petition for Waiver of Compliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-27

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Railroad Administration [Docket Number FRA-2012-0030] Petition for Waiver of Compliance In accordance with Part 211 of Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR..., CA (City), has petitioned the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) for a waiver of compliance from...

78 FR 46679 - Petition for Waiver of Compliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-01

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Railroad Administration [Docket Number FRA-2013-0057] Petition for Waiver of Compliance In accordance with Part 211 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal... of compliance from certain provisions of the Federal railroad safety regulations contained at 49 CFR...

76 FR 38453 - Petition for Waiver of Compliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-30

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Railroad Administration [ Docket Number FRA-2011-0049] Petition for Waiver of Compliance In accordance with part 211 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal... railroads has petitioned the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) for a waiver of compliance from certain...

75 FR 82140 - Petition for Waiver of Compliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-29

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Railroad Administration Petition for Waiver of Compliance In accordance with Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 211, notice is hereby given that the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) has received a request for a waiver of compliance from certain requirements...

77 FR 25228 - Petition for Waiver of Compliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-27

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Railroad Administration [Docket Number FRA-2012-0031] Petition for Waiver of Compliance In accordance with Part 211 of Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR... Sacramento, CA (City), has petitioned the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) for a waiver of compliance...

78 FR 28283 - Petition for Waiver of Compliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-14

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Railroad Administration [Docket Number FRA-2013-0006] Petition for Waiver of Compliance In accordance with Part 211 of Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR... Company (PICK) has petitioned the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) for a waiver of compliance from...

76 FR 38455 - Petition for Waiver of Compliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-30

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Railroad Administration [Docket Number FRA-2006-24216] Petition for Waiver of Compliance In accordance with Part 211 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal... waiver of compliance from certain provisions of the Federal railroad safety regulations contained at 49...

77 FR 43645 - Petition for Waiver of Compliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-25

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Railroad Administration [Docket Number FRA-2012-0052] Petition for Waiver of Compliance In accordance with Part 211 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal... (FRA) for a waiver of compliance from certain Federal hours of service requirements for train employees...

77 FR 27756 - Applications for New Awards; Promise Neighborhoods Program-Planning Grant Competition, Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-11

.... Free Internet access to the official edition of the Federal Register and the Code of Federal...) or a text telephone (TTY), call the Federal Relay Service (FRS), toll free, at 1- 800-877-8339... free at the site. You may also access documents of the Department published in the Federal Register by...

78 FR 22869 - Credit Enhancement for Charter School Facilities Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-17

... Register. Free Internet access to the official edition of the Federal Register and the Code of Federal... deaf (TDD) or a text telephone (TTY), you may call the Federal Relay Service (FRS), toll free, at 1-800... free at the site. You may also access documents of the Department published in the Federal Register by...

2 CFR 1.210 - Applicability to Federal agencies and others.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Applicability to Federal agencies and others... Agreements ABOUT TITLE 2 OF THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AND SUBTITLE A Introduction to Subtitle A § 1.210... officials; (2) Non-Federal entities that receive or apply for the agency's grants or agreements or receive...

2 CFR 1.210 - Applicability to Federal agencies and others.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Applicability to Federal agencies and others... Agreements ABOUT TITLE 2 OF THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AND SUBTITLE A Introduction toSubtitle A § 1.210... officials; (2) Non-Federal entities that receive or apply for the agency's grants or agreements or receive...

2 CFR 1.210 - Applicability to Federal agencies and others.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Applicability to Federal agencies and others... Agreements ABOUT TITLE 2 OF THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AND SUBTITLE A Introduction to Subtitle A § 1.210... officials; (2) Non-Federal entities that receive or apply for the agency's grants or agreements or receive...

2 CFR 1.210 - Applicability to Federal agencies and others.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Applicability to Federal agencies and others... Agreements ABOUT TITLE 2 OF THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AND SUBTITLE A Introduction toSubtitle A § 1.210... officials; (2) Non-Federal entities that receive or apply for the agency's grants or agreements or receive...

75 FR 1654 - States' Decisions on Participating in Accounting and Auditing Relief for Federal Oil and Gas...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-12

...' Decisions on Participating in Accounting and Auditing Relief for Federal Oil and Gas Marginal Properties... participate in accounting and auditing relief for Federal oil and gas marginal properties located within the... the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), to provide two types of accounting and auditing relief for...

26 CFR 31.6402(a)-3 - Refund of Federal unemployment tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Refund of Federal unemployment tax. 31.6402(a... Provisions of Subtitle F, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) § 31.6402(a)-3 Refund of Federal unemployment tax... 3301 of the Federal Unemployment Tax Act or a corresponding provision of prior law, or (b) Interest...

26 CFR 31.6011(a)-3 - Returns under Federal Unemployment Tax Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Returns under Federal Unemployment Tax Act. 31... Provisions of Subtitle F, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) § 31.6011(a)-3 Returns under Federal Unemployment Tax Act. (a) Requirement. Every person shall make a return of tax under the Federal Unemployment Tax...

26 CFR 31.6402(a)-3 - Refund of Federal unemployment tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Refund of Federal unemployment tax. 31.6402(a... Provisions of Subtitle F, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) § 31.6402(a)-3 Refund of Federal unemployment tax... 3301 of the Federal Unemployment Tax Act or a corresponding provision of prior law, or (b) Interest...

26 CFR 31.6402(a)-3 - Refund of Federal unemployment tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Refund of Federal unemployment tax. 31.6402(a... Provisions of Subtitle F, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) § 31.6402(a)-3 Refund of Federal unemployment tax... 3301 of the Federal Unemployment Tax Act or a corresponding provision of prior law, or (b) Interest...

26 CFR 31.6402(a)-3 - Refund of Federal unemployment tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Refund of Federal unemployment tax. 31.6402(a... Provisions of Subtitle F, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) § 31.6402(a)-3 Refund of Federal unemployment tax... 3301 of the Federal Unemployment Tax Act or a corresponding provision of prior law, or (b) Interest...

26 CFR 31.6011(a)-3 - Returns under Federal Unemployment Tax Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Returns under Federal Unemployment Tax Act. 31... Provisions of Subtitle F, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) § 31.6011(a)-3 Returns under Federal Unemployment Tax Act. (a) Requirement. Every person shall make a return of tax under the Federal Unemployment Tax...

26 CFR 31.6402(a)-3 - Refund of Federal unemployment tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Refund of Federal unemployment tax. 31.6402(a... Provisions of Subtitle F, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) § 31.6402(a)-3 Refund of Federal unemployment tax... 3301 of the Federal Unemployment Tax Act or a corresponding provision of prior law, or (b) Interest...

26 CFR 31.6011(a)-3 - Returns under Federal Unemployment Tax Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Returns under Federal Unemployment Tax Act. 31... Provisions of Subtitle F, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) § 31.6011(a)-3 Returns under Federal Unemployment Tax Act. (a) Requirement. Every person shall make a return of tax under the Federal Unemployment Tax...

26 CFR 31.6011(a)-3 - Returns under Federal Unemployment Tax Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Returns under Federal Unemployment Tax Act. 31... Provisions of Subtitle F, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) § 31.6011(a)-3 Returns under Federal Unemployment Tax Act. (a) Requirement. Every person shall make a return of tax under the Federal Unemployment Tax...

26 CFR 31.6011(a)-3 - Returns under Federal Unemployment Tax Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Returns under Federal Unemployment Tax Act. 31... Provisions of Subtitle F, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) § 31.6011(a)-3 Returns under Federal Unemployment Tax Act. (a) Requirement. Every person shall make a return of tax under the Federal Unemployment Tax...

Awareness of female students attending higher educational institutions toward legalization of safe abortion and associated factors, Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study.

PubMed

Geleto, Ayele; Markos, Jote

2015-03-17

Unsafe abortion has been recognized as an important public health problem in the world. It accounts for 14% of all maternal deaths in sub-Saharan African countries. In Ethiopia, 32% of all maternal deaths are accounted to unsafe abortion. Taking the problem of unsafe abortion into consideration, the penal code of Ethiopia was amended in 2005, to permit safe abortion under a set of circumstances. However, lack of awareness on the revised penal code is a major barrier that hinders women to seek safe abortion. The aim of this study is to assess awareness of female students attending higher educational institutions toward legalization of safe abortion and associated factors in Harari region, eastern Ethiopia. Institution-based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 762 female students who are attending five higher educational institutions in Harari Region. Systematic sampling method was used to identify study participants from randomly selected colleges. Self administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered in to Epi Info version 6.04 and analyzed by SPSS version 17.0 statistical packages. Frequency, percentage and ratio were used to describe variables. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to control confounders and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to identify factors associated with awareness of female students to legalization of abortion. 762 study participants completed the survey questionnaire making the response rate 90.2%. Only 272 (35.7%) of the respondents reported that they have good awareness about legalization of safe abortion. Studying other fields than health and medicine [AOR 0.48; 95%CI (0.23, 0.85)], being the only child for their family [AOR 0.28; 95%CI (0.13, 0.86)], having no boy friend [AOR 0.34; 95%CI (0.12, 0.74)], using family planning [AOR 0.50; 95%CI (0.13 and 0.86)], being 25 years or older [AOR 1.64; 95%CI (1.33, 2.80)] were significantly associated with awareness of female students to legalization of safe abortion. Only slightly more than a third of the study participants, 35.7% have good awareness of legalization of safe abortion. Strengthening information dissemination regarding legalization of safe abortion is required for female reproductive age group in general and higher institution female students in particular.

NOAA Weather Radio - SAME

Science.gov Websites

Station Search Coverage Maps Outages View Outages Report Outages Information General Information Receiver Information Reception Problems NWR Alarms Automated Voices FIPS Codes NWR - Special Needs SAME USING SAME SAME FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standards) code changes and / or SAME location code changes

77 FR 8736 - Pasteuria nishizawae

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-15

... (NAICS code 112). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532). This... for residues of Pasteuria nishizawae--Pn1 in or on all food commodities when applied as a nematicide... petition to EPA under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), requesting an exemption from the...

21 CFR 184.1400 - Lecithin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... by reference. Copies are available from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW....archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) In accordance with § 184...

21 CFR 184.1400 - Lecithin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... by reference. Copies are available from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW....archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) In accordance with § 184...

21 CFR 184.1370 - Inositol.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... by reference. Copies are available from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW....archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) In accordance with § 184...

47 CFR 80.179 - Unattended operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... operating as part of the Automated Maritime Telecommunications System (AMTS), an automated multi-station....archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. The ITU-R Recommendations can...

Sparse High Dimensional Models in Economics

PubMed Central

Fan, Jianqing; Lv, Jinchi; Qi, Lei

2010-01-01

This paper reviews the literature on sparse high dimensional models and discusses some applications in economics and finance. Recent developments of theory, methods, and implementations in penalized least squares and penalized likelihood methods are highlighted. These variable selection methods are proved to be effective in high dimensional sparse modeling. The limits of dimensionality that regularization methods can handle, the role of penalty functions, and their statistical properties are detailed. Some recent advances in ultra-high dimensional sparse modeling are also briefly discussed. PMID:22022635

["Integrity" in the healthcare system : Recognize and avoid risks: on dealing with the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians and the public prosecutors office].

PubMed

Wohlgemuth, Martin; Heinrich, Julia

2018-05-24

This article describes the introduction of the law to combat corruption in the healthcare system. The effects of the introduced penal regulations on the delivery of medical services is critically scrutinized and the associated procedures as well as indications for the course of action are presented. Knowledge of the relevant regulations and types of procedure is decisive for the penal, social legislative and professional conduct risk minimization.

Religious counseling in the penal context: strategies of trust and establishment of trusting relationships in a context of distrust.

PubMed

Brandner, Tobias

2013-06-01

The paper describes how distrust shapes the network of relationships between the different agents in the penal context, among inmates, between inmates and their family, between inmates and staff, between counselors and staff, and between inmates and counselors, and discusses how counseling strategies need to be adjusted to counter the effects of the institutional and biographical context of distrust. The paper is based on many years of participation and observation in the context of Hong Kong.

10 CFR 434.101 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Scope. 434.101 Section 434.101 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CODE FOR NEW FEDERAL COMMERCIAL AND MULTI-FAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL... to new Federal multi-family high rise residential buildings and new Federal commercial buildings, for...

21 CFR 184.1695 - Riboflavin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20418, or available for inspection at the... at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal... the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act) or with regulations promulgated under section 412(a...

21 CFR 184.1695 - Riboflavin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20418, or available for inspection at the... at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal... the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act) or with regulations promulgated under section 412(a...

32 CFR 631.2 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... Armed Forces Reserve personnel only when they are performing Federal duties or engaging in activities directly related to performing a Federal duty or function. (c) National Guard personnel only when called or ordered to active duty in a Federal status within the meaning of Title 10, United States Code. ...

32 CFR 631.2 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... Armed Forces Reserve personnel only when they are performing Federal duties or engaging in activities directly related to performing a Federal duty or function. (c) National Guard personnel only when called or ordered to active duty in a Federal status within the meaning of Title 10, United States Code. ...

21 CFR 184.1205 - Calcium hydroxide.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20418, or available for inspection at the National Archives and Records...: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) In...

21 CFR 184.1191 - Calcium carbonate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20418, or available for inspection at the National Archives and Records...: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) In...

21 CFR 184.1135 - Ammonium bicarbonate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... by reference. Copies are available from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW....archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) In accordance with § 184...

21 CFR 184.1191 - Calcium carbonate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20418, or available for inspection at the National Archives and Records...: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) In...

21 CFR 184.1205 - Calcium hydroxide.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20418, or available for inspection at the National Archives and Records...: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) In...

1 CFR 8.5 - Ancillaries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... other place as the Director of the Federal Register considers appropriate, numerical lists of all.... Following the text of each Code of Federal Regulations volume, a numerical list of sections which are...

1 CFR 8.5 - Ancillaries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... other place as the Director of the Federal Register considers appropriate, numerical lists of all.... Following the text of each Code of Federal Regulations volume, a numerical list of sections which are...

Energy Efficiency Program Administrators and Building Energy Codes

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Explore how energy efficiency program administrators have helped advance building energy codes at federal, state, and local levels—using technical, institutional, financial, and other resources—and discusses potential next steps.

47 CFR 11.31 - EAS protocol.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... End Of Message (EOM) Codes. (1) The Preamble and EAS Codes must use Audio Frequency Shift Keying at a rate of 520.83 bits per second to transmit the codes. Mark frequency is 2083.3 Hz and space frequency... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM (EAS) Equipment Requirements § 11...

47 CFR 11.31 - EAS protocol.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... End Of Message (EOM) Codes. (1) The Preamble and EAS Codes must use Audio Frequency Shift Keying at a rate of 520.83 bits per second to transmit the codes. Mark frequency is 2083.3 Hz and space frequency... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM (EAS) Equipment Requirements § 11...

47 CFR 11.31 - EAS protocol.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... End Of Message (EOM) Codes. (1) The Preamble and EAS Codes must use Audio Frequency Shift Keying at a rate of 520.83 bits per second to transmit the codes. Mark frequency is 2083.3 Hz and space frequency... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM (EAS) Equipment Requirements § 11...

47 CFR 11.31 - EAS protocol.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... End Of Message (EOM) Codes. (1) The Preamble and EAS Codes must use Audio Frequency Shift Keying at a rate of 520.83 bits per second to transmit the codes. Mark frequency is 2083.3 Hz and space frequency... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM (EAS) Equipment Requirements § 11...

47 CFR 11.31 - EAS protocol.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... End Of Message (EOM) Codes. (1) The Preamble and EAS Codes must use Audio Frequency Shift Keying at a rate of 520.83 bits per second to transmit the codes. Mark frequency is 2083.3 Hz and space frequency... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM (EAS) Equipment Requirements § 11...

75 FR 74628 - Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylates; Exemption From the Requirement of a Tolerance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-01

... to EPA under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), requesting the establishment of an... be potentially affected by this action if you are an agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or... (NAICS code 111). Animal production (NAICS code 112). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide...

42 CFR 137.328 - Must a construction project proposal incorporate provisions of Federal construction guidelines...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., the Self-Governance Tribe and the Secretary must agree upon and specify appropriate building codes and...-Governance Tribe in the preparation of its construction project proposal. If Tribal construction codes and standards (including national, regional, State, or Tribal building codes or construction industry standards...

42 CFR 137.328 - Must a construction project proposal incorporate provisions of Federal construction guidelines...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., the Self-Governance Tribe and the Secretary must agree upon and specify appropriate building codes and...-Governance Tribe in the preparation of its construction project proposal. If Tribal construction codes and standards (including national, regional, State, or Tribal building codes or construction industry standards...

42 CFR 137.328 - Must a construction project proposal incorporate provisions of Federal construction guidelines...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., the Self-Governance Tribe and the Secretary must agree upon and specify appropriate building codes and...-Governance Tribe in the preparation of its construction project proposal. If Tribal construction codes and standards (including national, regional, State, or Tribal building codes or construction industry standards...

42 CFR 137.328 - Must a construction project proposal incorporate provisions of Federal construction guidelines...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., the Self-Governance Tribe and the Secretary must agree upon and specify appropriate building codes and...-Governance Tribe in the preparation of its construction project proposal. If Tribal construction codes and standards (including national, regional, State, or Tribal building codes or construction industry standards...

48 CFR 19.303 - Determining North American Industry Classification System codes and size standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Industry Classification System codes and size standards. 19.303 Section 19.303 Federal Acquisition... of Small Business Status for Small Business Programs 19.303 Determining North American Industry... North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and related small business size standard and...

42 CFR 137.328 - Must a construction project proposal incorporate provisions of Federal construction guidelines...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., the Self-Governance Tribe and the Secretary must agree upon and specify appropriate building codes and...-Governance Tribe in the preparation of its construction project proposal. If Tribal construction codes and standards (including national, regional, State, or Tribal building codes or construction industry standards...

76 FR 31471 - Ethylene Glycol; Exemption From the Requirement of a Tolerance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-01

... production (NAICS code 112). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532..., submitted a petition to EPA under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), requesting an... residual, and crack and crevice sprays in and around food and nonfood areas of residential and...

Fast function-on-scalar regression with penalized basis expansions.

PubMed

Reiss, Philip T; Huang, Lei; Mennes, Maarten

2010-01-01

Regression models for functional responses and scalar predictors are often fitted by means of basis functions, with quadratic roughness penalties applied to avoid overfitting. The fitting approach described by Ramsay and Silverman in the 1990 s amounts to a penalized ordinary least squares (P-OLS) estimator of the coefficient functions. We recast this estimator as a generalized ridge regression estimator, and present a penalized generalized least squares (P-GLS) alternative. We describe algorithms by which both estimators can be implemented, with automatic selection of optimal smoothing parameters, in a more computationally efficient manner than has heretofore been available. We discuss pointwise confidence intervals for the coefficient functions, simultaneous inference by permutation tests, and model selection, including a novel notion of pointwise model selection. P-OLS and P-GLS are compared in a simulation study. Our methods are illustrated with an analysis of age effects in a functional magnetic resonance imaging data set, as well as a reanalysis of a now-classic Canadian weather data set. An R package implementing the methods is publicly available.

Hospitals with higher nurse staffing had lower odds of readmissions penalties than hospitals with lower staffing.

PubMed

McHugh, Matthew D; Berez, Julie; Small, Dylan S

2013-10-01

The Affordable Care Act's Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) penalizes hospitals based on excess readmission rates among Medicare beneficiaries. The aim of the program is to reduce readmissions while aligning hospitals' financial incentives with payers' and patients' quality goals. Many evidence-based interventions that reduce readmissions, such as discharge preparation, care coordination, and patient education, are grounded in the fundamentals of basic nursing care. Yet inadequate staffing can hinder nurses' efforts to carry out these processes of care. We estimated the effect that nurse staffing had on the likelihood that a hospital was penalized under the HRRP. Hospitals with higher nurse staffing had 25 percent lower odds of being penalized compared to otherwise similar hospitals with lower staffing. Investment in nursing is a potential system-level intervention to reduce readmissions that policy makers and hospital administrators should consider in the new regulatory environment as they examine the quality of care delivered to US hospital patients.

Penalized Nonlinear Least Squares Estimation of Time-Varying Parameters in Ordinary Differential Equations

PubMed Central

Cao, Jiguo; Huang, Jianhua Z.; Wu, Hulin

2012-01-01

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are widely used in biomedical research and other scientific areas to model complex dynamic systems. It is an important statistical problem to estimate parameters in ODEs from noisy observations. In this article we propose a method for estimating the time-varying coefficients in an ODE. Our method is a variation of the nonlinear least squares where penalized splines are used to model the functional parameters and the ODE solutions are approximated also using splines. We resort to the implicit function theorem to deal with the nonlinear least squares objective function that is only defined implicitly. The proposed penalized nonlinear least squares method is applied to estimate a HIV dynamic model from a real dataset. Monte Carlo simulations show that the new method can provide much more accurate estimates of functional parameters than the existing two-step local polynomial method which relies on estimation of the derivatives of the state function. Supplemental materials for the article are available online. PMID:23155351

Integrative Analysis of Cancer Diagnosis Studies with Composite Penalization

PubMed Central

Liu, Jin; Huang, Jian; Ma, Shuangge

2013-01-01

Summary In cancer diagnosis studies, high-throughput gene profiling has been extensively conducted, searching for genes whose expressions may serve as markers. Data generated from such studies have the “large d, small n” feature, with the number of genes profiled much larger than the sample size. Penalization has been extensively adopted for simultaneous estimation and marker selection. Because of small sample sizes, markers identified from the analysis of single datasets can be unsatisfactory. A cost-effective remedy is to conduct integrative analysis of multiple heterogeneous datasets. In this article, we investigate composite penalization methods for estimation and marker selection in integrative analysis. The proposed methods use the minimax concave penalty (MCP) as the outer penalty. Under the homogeneity model, the ridge penalty is adopted as the inner penalty. Under the heterogeneity model, the Lasso penalty and MCP are adopted as the inner penalty. Effective computational algorithms based on coordinate descent are developed. Numerical studies, including simulation and analysis of practical cancer datasets, show satisfactory performance of the proposed methods. PMID:24578589

This is SPIRAL-TAP: Sparse Poisson Intensity Reconstruction ALgorithms--theory and practice.

PubMed

Harmany, Zachary T; Marcia, Roummel F; Willett, Rebecca M

2012-03-01

Observations in many applications consist of counts of discrete events, such as photons hitting a detector, which cannot be effectively modeled using an additive bounded or Gaussian noise model, and instead require a Poisson noise model. As a result, accurate reconstruction of a spatially or temporally distributed phenomenon (f*) from Poisson data (y) cannot be effectively accomplished by minimizing a conventional penalized least-squares objective function. The problem addressed in this paper is the estimation of f* from y in an inverse problem setting, where the number of unknowns may potentially be larger than the number of observations and f* admits sparse approximation. The optimization formulation considered in this paper uses a penalized negative Poisson log-likelihood objective function with nonnegativity constraints (since Poisson intensities are naturally nonnegative). In particular, the proposed approach incorporates key ideas of using separable quadratic approximations to the objective function at each iteration and penalization terms related to l1 norms of coefficient vectors, total variation seminorms, and partition-based multiscale estimation methods.

Orthogonalizing EM: A design-based least squares algorithm.

PubMed

Xiong, Shifeng; Dai, Bin; Huling, Jared; Qian, Peter Z G

We introduce an efficient iterative algorithm, intended for various least squares problems, based on a design of experiments perspective. The algorithm, called orthogonalizing EM (OEM), works for ordinary least squares and can be easily extended to penalized least squares. The main idea of the procedure is to orthogonalize a design matrix by adding new rows and then solve the original problem by embedding the augmented design in a missing data framework. We establish several attractive theoretical properties concerning OEM. For the ordinary least squares with a singular regression matrix, an OEM sequence converges to the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse-based least squares estimator. For ordinary and penalized least squares with various penalties, it converges to a point having grouping coherence for fully aliased regression matrices. Convergence and the convergence rate of the algorithm are examined. Finally, we demonstrate that OEM is highly efficient for large-scale least squares and penalized least squares problems, and is considerably faster than competing methods when n is much larger than p . Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

Hospitals With Higher Nurse Staffing Had Lower Odds Of Readmissions Penalties Than Hospitals With Lower Staffing

PubMed Central

McHugh, Matthew D.; Berez, Julie; Small, Dylan S.

2015-01-01

The Affordable Care Act’s Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) penalizes hospitals based on excess readmission rates among Medicare beneficiaries. The aim of the program is to reduce readmissions while aligning hospitals’ financial incentives with payers’ and patients’ quality goals. Many evidence-based interventions that reduce readmissions, such as discharge preparation, care coordination, and patient education, are grounded in the fundamentals of basic nursing care. Yet inadequate staffing can hinder nurses’ efforts to carry out these processes of care. We estimated the effect that nurse staffing had on the likelihood that a hospital was penalized under the HRRP. Hospitals with higher nurse staffing had 25 percent lower odds of being penalized compared to otherwise similar hospitals with lower staffing. Investment in nursing is a potential system-level intervention to reduce readmissions that policy makers and hospital administrators should consider in the new regulatory environment as they examine the quality of care delivered to US hospital patients. PMID:24101063

Labor union members play an OLG repeated game

PubMed Central

Kandori, Michihiro; Obayashi, Shinya

2014-01-01

Humans are capable of cooperating with one another even when it is costly and a deviation provides an immediate gain. An important reason is that cooperation is reciprocated or rewarded and deviations are penalized in later stages. For cooperation to be sustainable, not only must rewards and penalties be strong enough but individuals should also have the right incentives to provide rewards and punishments. Codes of conduct with such properties have been studied extensively in game theory (as repeated game equilibria), and the literature on the evolution of cooperation shows how equilibrium behavior might emerge and proliferate in society. We found that community unions, a subclass of labor unions that admits individual affiliations, are ideal to corroborate these theories with reality, because (i) their activities are simple and (ii) they have a structure that closely resembles a theoretical model, the overlapping generations repeated game. A detailed case study of a community union revealed a possible equilibrium that can function under the very limited observability in the union. The equilibrium code of conduct appears to be a natural focal point based on simple heuristic reasoning. The union we studied was created out of necessity for cooperation, without knowing or anticipating how cooperation might be sustained. The union has successfully resolved about 3,000 labor disputes and created a number of offspring. PMID:25024211

Report: Hospital waste management--awareness and practices: a study of three states in India.

PubMed

Rao, P Hanumantha

2008-06-01

The study was conducted in Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh in India. Hospitals/nursing homes and private medical practitioners in urban as well as rural areas and those from the private as well as the government sector were covered. Information on (a) awareness of bio-medical waste management rules, (b) training undertaken and (c) practices with respect to segregation, use of colour coding, sharps management, access to common waste management facilities and disposal was collected. Awareness of Bio-medical Waste Management Rules was better among hospital staff in comparison with private medical practitioners and awareness was marginally higher among those in urban areas in comparison with those in rural areas. Training gained momentum only after the dead-line for compliance was over. Segregation and use of colour codes revealed gaps, which need correction. About 70% of the healthcare facilities used a needle cutter/destroyer for sharps management. Access to Common Waste Management facilities was low at about 35%. Dumping biomedical waste on the roads outside the hospital is still prevalent and access to Common Waste facilities is still limited. Surveillance, monitoring and penal machinery was found to be deficient and these require strengthening to improve compliance with the Bio-medical Waste Management Rules and to safeguard the health of employees, patients and communities.

21 CFR 173.228 - Ethyl acetate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... incorporated by reference. 1 Copies may be obtained from: National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW.../federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (b) The additive is used in accordance...

21 CFR 184.1272 - L-Cysteine monohydrochloride.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20418, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records...: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) The...

21 CFR 184.1143 - Ammonium sulfate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... reference. Copies may be obtained from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington.../federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) The ingredient is used as a dough...

21 CFR 180.30 - Brominated vegetable oil.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... material incorporated by reference may be obtained from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave...://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (b) The additive is...

21 CFR 184.1081 - Propionic acid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., 2101 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20418, or available for inspection at the National Archives... 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr...

21 CFR 184.1272 - L-Cysteine monohydrochloride.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20418, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records...: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) The...

21 CFR 173.228 - Ethyl acetate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... incorporated by reference. 1 Copies may be obtained from: National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW.../federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (b) The additive is used in accordance...

75 FR 39220 - Charter Schools Program (CSP) Grants for Replication and Expansion of High-Quality Charter Schools

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-08

... Federal Register. Free Internet access to the official edition of the Federal Register and the Code of... telecommunications device for the deaf, call the Federal Relay Service, toll free, at 1-800-877-8339. Electronic... published in the Federal Register, in text or Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) on the Internet at the...

77 FR 43277 - Applications for New Awards; Innovative Approaches to Literacy Program (CFDA 84.215G); Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-24

... Register. Free Internet access to the official edition of the Federal Register and the Code of Federal... deaf (TDD) or a text telephone (TTY), call the Federal Relay Service (FRS), toll free, at 1- 800-877... free at the site. You may also access documents of the Department published in the Federal Register by...

Regulations and Ethical Considerations for Astronomy Education Research III: A Suggested Code of Ethics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brogt, Erik; Foster, Tom; Dokter, Erin; Buxner, Sanlyn; Antonellis, Jessie

We present an argument for, and suggested implementation of, a code of ethics for the astronomy education research community. This code of ethics is based on legal and ethical considerations set forth by U.S. federal regulations and the existing code of conduct of the American Educational Research Association. We also provide a fictitious research study as an example for working through the suggested code of ethics.

1 CFR 8.7 - Agency cooperation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Agency cooperation. 8.7 Section 8.7 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER SPECIAL EDITIONS OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.7 Agency cooperation. Each agency shall cooperate in keeping publication of the...

1 CFR 8.7 - Agency cooperation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Agency cooperation. 8.7 Section 8.7 General Provisions ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER SPECIAL EDITIONS OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS § 8.7 Agency cooperation. Each agency shall cooperate in keeping publication of the...

78 FR 75446 - Notice of Availability of Draft Guidance on the Application of United States Code to Corridor...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-11

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Transit Administration [Docket Number: FTA-2013-0019] Notice... and Request for Comment AGENCY: Federal Transit Administration (FTA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of availability; request for comment. SUMMARY: The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) announces the availability...

78 FR 41331 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Publicizing Contract Actions; Contracting by Negotiation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-10

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 48 CFR Parts 5 and 15 Federal Acquisition Regulation; Publicizing Contract Actions; Contracting by Negotiation CFR Correction In Title 48 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 1 (Parts 1 to 51), revised...

78 FR 18252 - Prevailing Rate Systems; North American Industry Classification System Based Federal Wage System...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-26

...-AM78 Prevailing Rate Systems; North American Industry Classification System Based Federal Wage System... 2007 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes currently used in Federal Wage System... (OPM) issued a final rule (73 FR 45853) to update the 2002 North American Industry Classification...

78 FR 78966 - Board of Scientific Counselors, National Center for Health Statistics

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-27

..., Code of Federal Regulation, Subpart 101-20.301, all persons entering in or on Federal controlled... organizational affiliation of the presenter. Written comments should not exceed five single-spaced typed pages in... sign Federal Register notices pertaining to announcements of meetings and other committee management...

21 CFR 184.1308 - Ferrous gluconate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20418, or available for inspection at the National Archives and Records...: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) In... ingredient may also be used in infant formula in accordance with section 412(g) of the Federal Food, Drug...

40 CFR 1048.810 - What materials does this part reference?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... in this section have been incorporated by reference into this part. The Director of the Federal... may inspect copies at the U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center, 1301 Constitution...: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (a) SAE...

21 CFR 184.1945 - Vitamin B 12..

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... incorporated by reference. Copies are available from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW....archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) In accordance with § 184... used in infant formula in accordance with section 412(g) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act...

40 CFR 310.23 - How will EPA rank approved requests?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., 88-NE-SC, 88-W-SC, 88-WNC-SC, March 1990. The Director of the Federal Register has approved this... Bureau of the Census, Office of Public Affairs, Department of Commerce, Constitution Avenue, NE...: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) Larger...

40 CFR 1045.810 - What materials does this part reference?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... listed in this section have been incorporated by reference into this part. The Director of the Federal... may inspect copies at the U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center, 1301 Constitution...: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (a) SAE...

21 CFR 184.1535 - Niacinamide.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... reference. Copies are available from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC.../federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) In accordance with § 184.1(b)(1), the... infant formula in accordance with section 412(g) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) or...

21 CFR 184.1945 - Vitamin B12.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... incorporated by reference. Copies are available from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW....archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) In accordance with § 184... used in infant formula in accordance with section 412(g) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act...

15 CFR 995.2 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... incorporated by reference with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1... U.S. Department of Commerce, 1401 Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20230. For information on.../federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (a) The material listed below is...

21 CFR 184.1308 - Ferrous gluconate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20418, or available for inspection at the National Archives and Records...: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) In... ingredient may also be used in infant formula in accordance with section 412(g) of the Federal Food, Drug...

40 CFR 310.23 - How will EPA rank approved requests?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., 88-NE-SC, 88-W-SC, 88-WNC-SC, March 1990. The Director of the Federal Register has approved this... Bureau of the Census, Office of Public Affairs, Department of Commerce, Constitution Avenue, NE...: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) Larger...

21 CFR 184.1535 - Niacinamide.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... reference. Copies are available from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC.../federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) In accordance with § 184.1(b)(1), the... infant formula in accordance with section 412(g) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) or...

40 CFR 310.23 - How will EPA rank approved requests?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., 88-NE-SC, 88-W-SC, 88-WNC-SC, March 1990. The Director of the Federal Register has approved this... Bureau of the Census, Office of Public Affairs, Department of Commerce, Constitution Avenue, NE...: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (c) Larger...

15 CFR 995.2 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... incorporated by reference with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1... U.S. Department of Commerce, 1401 Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20230. For information on.../federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (a) The material listed below is...

77 FR 28640 - Federal Prevailing Rate Advisory Committee; Cancellation of Upcoming Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-15

... OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT Federal Prevailing Rate Advisory Committee; Cancellation of... Prevailing Rate Advisory Committee is issuing this notice to cancel the May 24, 2012, public meeting..., Federal Prevailing Rate Advisory Committee. [FR Doc. 2012-11728 Filed 5-14-12; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6325...

77 FR 52757 - Proposed Information Collection; Historic Preservation Certification Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-30

... an applicant to receive substantial Federal tax incentives authorized by Section 47 of the Internal Revenue Code. These incentives include 20% Federal income tax credit for the rehabilitation of historic... owners of historic properties for Federal tax benefits: (a) The historic character of the property, and...

77 FR 73263 - Organization and Functions, and Seal

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-10

... #0; #0;Rules and Regulations #0; Federal Register #0; #0; #0;This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains regulatory documents #0;having general applicability and legal effect, most of which are keyed #0;to and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations, which is published #0;under 50 titles pursuant to...

48 CFR 803.101-3 - Department regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Department regulations. 803.101-3 Section 803.101-3 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS... regulations. (a) Part 0 of 38 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) states the standards of conduct for all VA...