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Physics History Books in the Fermilab Library
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Sara Tompson.
Fermilab is a basic research high-energy physics laboratory operated by Universities Research Association, Inc. under contract to the U.S. Department of Energy. Fermilab researchers utilize the Tevatron particle accelerator (currently the worlds most powerful accelerator) to better understand subatomic particles as they exist now and as they existed near the birth of the universe. A collection review of the Fermilab Library monographs was conducted during the summers of 1998 and 1999. While some items were identified for deselection, the review proved most fruitful in highlighting some of the strengths of the Fermilab monograph collection. One of these strengths is historymore » of physics, including biographies and astrophysics. A bibliography of the physics history books in the collection as of Summer, 1999 follows, arranged by author. Note that the call numbers are Library of Congress classification.« less
Physics History Books in the Fermilab Library
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Sara Tompson
Fermilab is a basic research high-energy physics laboratory operated by Universities Research Association, Inc. under contract to the U.S. Department of Energy. Fermilab researchers utilize the Tevatron particle accelerator (currently the world�s most powerful accelerator) to better understand subatomic particles as they exist now and as they existed near the birth of the universe. A collection review of the Fermilab Library monographs was conducted during the summers of 1998 and 1999. While some items were identified for deselection, the review proved most fruitful in highlighting some of the strengths of the Fermilab monograph collection. One of these strengths is historymore » of physics, including biographies and astrophysics. A bibliography of the physics history books in the collection as of Summer, 1999 follows, arranged by author. Note that the call numbers are Library of Congress classification.« less
Brendan Casey; Herman White; Craig Hogan; Denton Morris; Mary Convery; Bonnie Fleming; Deborah Harris; Dave Schmitz; Brenna Flaugher; Aron Soha
2018-05-04
Six days. Three frontiers. One amazing lab. From 2010 to 2012, a film crew followed a group of scientists at the Department of Energy's Fermilab and filmed them at work and at home. This 40-minute documentary shows the diversity of the people, research and work at Fermilab. Viewers catch a true behind-the-scenes look of the United States' premier particle physics laboratory while scientists explain why their research is important to them and the world.
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Data preservation at the Fermilab Tevatron
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Boyd, J.; Herner, K.; Jayatilaka, B.; Roser, R.; Sakumoto, W.
2015-12-01
The Fermilab Tevatron collider's data-taking run ended in September 2011, yielding a dataset with rich scientific potential. The CDF and DO experiments each have nearly 9 PB of collider and simulated data stored on tape. A large computing infrastructure consisting of tape storage, disk cache, and distributed grid computing for physics analysis with the Tevatron data is present at Fermilab. The Fermilab Run II data preservation project intends to keep this analysis capability sustained through the year 2020 or beyond. To achieve this, we are implementing a system that utilizes virtualization, automated validation, and migration to new standards in both software and data storage technology as well as leveraging resources available from currently-running experiments at Fermilab. These efforts will provide useful lessons in ensuring long-term data access for numerous experiments throughout high-energy physics, and provide a roadmap for high-quality scientific output for years to come.
and upcoming conferences at Fermilab Campaigns Take Five Weather Weather Chance of showers 62°/59 ., five of Fermilab's best and brightest will duke it out in the Fermilab Arts and Lecture Series Physics Slam 2013. The event is similar to a poetry slam - each of the five physicists will get 10 minutes to
Data preservation at the Fermilab Tevatron
Boyd, J.; Herner, K.; Jayatilaka, B.; ...
2015-12-23
The Fermilab Tevatron collider's data-taking run ended in September 2011, yielding a dataset with rich scientific potential. The CDF and DO experiments each have nearly 9 PB of collider and simulated data stored on tape. A large computing infrastructure consisting of tape storage, disk cache, and distributed grid computing for physics analysis with the Tevatron data is present at Fermilab. The Fermilab Run II data preservation project intends to keep this analysis capability sustained through the year 2020 or beyond. To achieve this, we are implementing a system that utilizes virtualization, automated validation, and migration to new standards in bothmore » software and data storage technology as well as leveraging resources available from currently-running experiments at Fermilab. Furthermore, these efforts will provide useful lessons in ensuring long-term data access for numerous experiments throughout high-energy physics, and provide a roadmap for high-quality scientific output for years to come.« less
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2014 Fermilab Laboratory Directoed Research & Development Annual Report
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
W. Wester
After initiation by the Fermilab Laboratory Director, a team from the senior Laboratory leadership and a Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Advisory Committee developed an implementation plan for LDRD at Fermilab for the first time. This implementation was captured in the approved Fermilab 2014 LDRD Program Plan and followed directions and guidance from the Department of Energy (DOE) order, DOE O 413.2B, a “Roles, Responsibilities, and Guidelines, …” document, and examples of best practices at other DOE Office of Science Laboratories. At Fermilab, a FY14 midyear Call for Proposals was issued. A LDRD Selection Committee evaluated those proposals thatmore » were received and provided a recommendation to the Laboratory Director who approved seven LDRD projects. This Annual Report focuses on the status of those seven projects and provides an overview of the current status of LDRD at Fermilab. The seven FY14 LDRD approved projects had a date of initiation late in FY14 such that this report reflects approximately six months of effort approximately through January 2015. The progress of these seven projects, the subsequent award of six additional new projects beginning in FY15, and preparations for the issuance of the FY16 Call for Proposals indicates that LDRD is now integrated into the overall annual program at Fermilab. All indications are that LDRD is improving the scientific and technical vitality of the Laboratory and providing new, novel, or cutting edge projects carried out at the forefront of science and technology and aligned with the mission and strategic visions of Fermilab and the Department of Energy.« less
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Leading accelerator technology Accelerator complex Illinois Accelerator Research Center Fermilab temperature. They were used to transfer particles from one part of the Fermilab accelerator complex to another center ring of Fermilab's accelerator complex. Before the Tevatron shut down, it had three primary
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Attainment of Electron Beam Suitable for Medium Energy Electron Cooling
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Seletskiy, Sergei M.
Electron cooling of charged particle beams is a well-established technique at electron energies of up to 300 keV. However, up to the present time the advance of electron cooling to the MeV-range energies has remained a purely theoretical possibility. The electron cooling project at Fermilab has recently demonstrated the ¯rst cooling of 8.9 GeV/c antiprotons in the Recycler ring, and therefore, has proved the validity of the idea of relativistic electron cool- ing. The Recycler Electron Cooler (REC) is the key component of the Teva- tron Run II luminosity upgrade project. Its performance depends critically on the quality of electronmore » beam. A stable electron beam of 4.3 MeV car- rying 0.5 A of DC current is required. The beam suitable for the Recycler Electron Cooler must have an angular spread not exceeding 200 ¹rad. The full-scale prototype of the REC was designed, built and tested at Fermilab in the Wideband laboratory to study the feasibility of attaining the high-quality electron beam. In this thesis I describe various aspects of development of the Fermilab electron cooling system, and the techniques used to obtain the electron beam suitable for the cooling process. In particular I emphasize those aspects of the work for which I was principally responsible.« less
Fixed target experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron
Gutierrez, Gaston; Reyes, Marco A.
2014-11-10
This paper presents a review of the study of Exclusive Central Production at a Center of Mass energy of √s = 40 GeV at the Fermilab Fixed Target program. In all reactions reviewed in this paper, protons with an energy of 800 GeV were extracted from the Tevatron accelerator at Fermilab and directed to a Liquid Hydrogen target. The states reviewed include π⁺π⁻, K⁰ s K⁰ s, K⁰ s K ±π ∓, φφ and D *±. Partial Wave Analysis results will be presented on the light states but only the cross-section will be reviewed in the diffractive production of Dmore » *±.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Pordes, R.; Anderson, J.; Berg, D.
1994-04-01
DART is the new data acquisition system designed and implemented for six Fermilab experiments by the Fermilab Computing Division and the experiments themselves. The complexity of the experiments varies greatly. Their data taking throughput and event filtering requirements range from a few (2-5) to tens (80) of CAMAC, FASTBUS and home built front end crates; from a few 100 KByte/sec to 160 MByte/sec front end data collection rates; and from 0-3000 Mips of level 3 processing. The authors report on the architecture and implementation of DART to this date, and the hardware and software components that are being developed andmore » supported.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Pordes, R.; Anderson, J.; Berg, D.
1994-12-31
DART is the new data acquisition system designed and implemented for six Fermilab experiments by the Fermilab Computing Division and the experiments themselves. The complexity of the experiments varies greatly. Their data taking throughput and event filtering requirements range from a few (2-5) to tens (80) of CAMAC, FASTBUS and home built front end crates; from a few 100 KByte/sec to 160 MByte/sec front end data collection rates; and from 0-3000 Mips of level 3 processing. The authors report on the architecture and implementation of DART to this data, and the hardware and software components that are being developed andmore » supported.« less
. Fermilab Colloquium - One West Speaker: Bruce Winstein, University of Chicago Title: CMB Polarization, the FileMaker Pro 8.0 - Dec. 10 NALWO - Christkindlmarket Chicago, Dec. 13 Barn Dance Dec. 14 Fermilab Blood Drive Dec. 16, 17 The University of Chicago Tuition Remission Program deadline Dec. 17 Find carpool
physicist invents new way to clean up oil spills Fermilab physicist Arden Warner revolutionizes oil spill cleanup with magnetizable-oil invention. Photo: Hanae Armitage Four years ago, Fermilab accelerator physicist Arden Warner watched national news of the BP oil spill and found himself frustrated with the
Series - One West Speaker: Peter Cooper, Fermilab Title: CLFV Searches in Muons 2:30 p.m. Theoretical COFFEE BREAK - 2nd Flr X-Over 4 p.m. Joint Experimental-Theoretical Physics Seminar - One West Speaker vaccination information available online Sign-up for this season's flu shot is available online. The Fermilab
Fundamental Physics in the Non-Linear Regime 3:30 p.m. Director's Coffee Break - 2nd Flr X-Over 4:00 p.m. All Week archive Fermilab Safety Tip of the Week archive Linear Collider News archive Fermilab Today Committee ECFA Study of Physics and Detectors for a Linear Collider" and GDE member, explained the
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Strategic directions of computing at Fermilab
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wolbers, Stephen
1998-05-01
Fermilab computing has changed a great deal over the years, driven by the demands of the Fermilab experimental community to record and analyze larger and larger datasets, by the desire to take advantage of advances in computing hardware and software, and by the advances coming from the R&D efforts of the Fermilab Computing Division. The strategic directions of Fermilab Computing continue to be driven by the needs of the experimental program. The current fixed-target run will produce over 100 TBytes of raw data and systems must be in place to allow the timely analysis of the data. The collider run II, beginning in 1999, is projected to produce of order 1 PByte of data per year. There will be a major change in methodology and software language as the experiments move away from FORTRAN and into object-oriented languages. Increased use of automation and the reduction of operator-assisted tape mounts will be required to meet the needs of the large experiments and large data sets. Work will continue on higher-rate data acquisition systems for future experiments and projects. R&D projects will be pursued as necessary to provide software, tools, or systems which cannot be purchased or acquired elsewhere. A closer working relation with other high energy laboratories will be pursued to reduce duplication of effort and to allow effective collaboration on many aspects of HEP computing.
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About Fermilab - History and Archives Project
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2014 Fermilab Laboratory Directed Research & Development Program Plan
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Wester, W., editor
2016-05-26
Fermilab is executing Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) as outlined by order DOE O 413.2B in order to enhance and realize the mission of the laboratory in a manner that also supports the laboratory’s strategic objectives and the mission of the Department of Energy. LDRD funds enable scientific creativity, allow for exploration of “high risk, high payoff” research, and allow for the demonstration of new ideas, technical concepts, and devices. LDRD also has an objective of maintaining and enhancing the scientific and technical vitality of Fermilab.
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rundown on what to expect to come out of neutrino research in the coming years. Fermilab is America's his expertise in government and education to work supporting the LBNF/DUNE project. Five (more Committee visits Fermilab May 17, 2018 A five-member bipartisan delegation toured the laboratory, met a
Integrable RCS as a Proposed Replacement for Fermilab Booster
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Eldred, Jeffrey; Valishev, Alexander
2017-03-07
Integrable optics is an innovation in particle accelerator design that potentially enables a greater betatron tune spread and damps collective instabilities. An integrable rapid-cycling synchrotron (RCS) would be an effective replacement for the Fermilab Booster, as part of a plan to reach multi-MW beam power at 120 GeV for the Fermilab high-energy neutrino program. We provide an example integrable lattice with features of a modern RCS - dispersion-free drifts, low momentum compaction factor, superperiodicity, chromaticity correction, bounded beta functions, and separate-function magnets.
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None
Fermilab’s first director, Robert Wilson, established the bison herd in 1969 as a symbol of the history of the Midwestern prairie and the laboratory’s pioneering research at the frontiers of particle physics. The herd remains a major attraction for families and wildlife enthusiasts. A herd of pure bison is a natural fit for a prairie ecosystem, like the kind that exists on the Fermilab site. Fermilab hosts 1,100 acres of reconstructed tall-grass prairie. A baby bison was born at Fermilab on April 20, 2017. Here is that story.
Design Considerations for Proposed Fermilab Integrable RCS
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Eldred, Jeffrey; Valishev, Alexander
2017-03-02
Integrable optics is an innovation in particle accelerator design that provides strong nonlinear focusing while avoiding parametric resonances. One promising application of integrable optics is to overcome the traditional limits on accelerator intensity imposed by betatron tune-spread and collective instabilities. The efficacy of high-intensity integrable accelerators will be undergo comprehensive testing over the next several years at the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) and the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER). We propose an integrable Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron (iRCS) as a replacement for the Fermilab Booster to achieve multi-MW beam power for the Fermilab high-energy neutrino program. We provide amore » overview of the machine parameters and discuss an approach to lattice optimization. Integrable optics requires arcs with integer-pi phase advance followed by drifts with matched beta functions. We provide an example integrable lattice with features of a modern RCS - long dispersion-free drifts, low momentum compaction, superperiodicity, chromaticity correction, separate-function magnets, and bounded beta functions.« less
Search Fermilab Outdoor Family Fair Join us for an afternoon of outdoor fun. Families explore the outdoor 60510-0500 (630) 840-5588, edreg@fnal.gov The Outdoor Family Fair is co-supported by Fermilab Friends
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| Fermilab Home | Employees | Students | Visitors | Undergraduates Fermilab Ed Site Search Google Custom and provide your students with the opportunity to meet a Fermilab scientist or engineer. We put on engaging interactive physics presentations. These presentations will expose students to Next Generation
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teach the classes. The program format emphasizes student-centered, hands-on learning using entertaining | Fermilab Home | Employees | Students | Visitors | Undergraduates Fermilab Ed Site Search Google Custom mathematics, designed for students and/or families. Experienced classroom teachers or experts in a given field
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Contributions to the second workshop on medium energy electron cooling - MEEC96
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
MacLachlan, J.
1997-09-01
MEEC96 was a workshop devoted primarily to discussion within four working groups, not a mini-conference of prepared reports. Therefore, although there are contributions bearing the name of a single author, much of what was learned came in extemporaneous discussion of the issues posed to the participants. The original plan to produce formal proceedings has been dropped because of the limited number of participants willing to write up their own contributions and because of the difficulty of converting free-wheeling discussion to the written word. The premsise for the 1996 gathering was to set a critique of Fermilab`s R&D effort at coolingmore » a ring of 8 GeV {bar p}`s. Separate abstracts have been submitted to the energy database for contributions to this workshop.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Oleynik, G.; Engelfried, J.; Mengel, L.
1996-02-01
DART is the high speed, Unix based data acquisition system being developed by Fermilab in collaboration with seven High Energy Physics Experiments. This paper describes DART run control, which has been developed over the past year and is a flexible, distributed, extensible system for the control and monitoring of the data acquisition systems. The authors discuss the unique and interesting concepts of the run control and some of the experiences in developing it. They also give a brief update and status of the whole DART system.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Oleynik, G.; Engelfried, J.; Mengel, L.
1995-05-01
DART is the high speed, Unix based data acquisition system being developed by Fermilab in collaboration with seven High Energy Physics Experiments. This paper describes DART run control, which has been developed over the past year and is a flexible, distributed, extensible system for the, control and monitoring of the data acquisition systems. We discuss the unique and interesting concepts of the run control and some of our experiences in developing it. We also give a brief update and status of the whole DART system.
Fermilab Security Site Access Request Database
Fermilab Security Site Access Request Database Use of the online version of the Fermilab Security Site Access Request Database requires that you login into the ESH&Q Web Site. Note: Only Fermilab generated from the ESH&Q Section's Oracle database on May 27, 2018 05:48 AM. If you have a question
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Fermilab History and Archives Project | Lederman Becomes Director
which is the Columbia physics department center for experimental research in high energy physics. With the most important discoveries in particle physics, including the first observation of the non leave the directorship at Fermilab." "... the experimental physicists... recognize and
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Flumerfelt, Eric Lewis
2015-08-01
The NOvA (NuMI Off-axis v e [nu_e] Appearance) Experiment is a long-baseline accelerator neutrino experiment currently in its second year of operations. NOvA uses the Neutrinos from the Main Injector (NuMI) beam at Fermilab, and there are two main off-axis detectors: a Near Detector at Fermilab and a Far Detector 810 km away at Ash River, MN. The work reported herein is in support of the NOvA Experiment, through contributions to the development of data acquisition software, providing an accurate, absolute-scale energy calibration for electromagnetic showers in NOvA detector elements, crucial to the primary electron neutrino search, and through anmore » initial evaluation of the cosmic background rate in the NOvA Far Detector, which is situated on the surface without significant overburden. Additional support work for the NOvA Experiment is also detailed, including DAQ Server Administration duties and a study of NOvA’s sensitivity to neutrino oscillations into a “sterile” state.« less
Fermilab History and Archives Project | Norman F. Ramsey
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Neutron skyshine measurements at Fermilab.
Cossairt, J D; Coulson, L V
1985-02-01
Neutron skyshine has been a significant source of environmental radiation exposure at many high-energy proton accelerators. A particularly troublesome source of skyshine neutrons has existed at Fermilab during operation of the 400-GeV high-energy physics program. This paper reports on several measurements of this source made with a DePangher precision long counter at large distances. The spatial distribution of the neutron skyshine can approximately be described as an inverse square law dependence multiplied by an exponential with an approximate attenuation length of 1200 +/- 300 m. The absolute magnitude of the distributions can be matched directly to the conventionally measured absorbed dose distribution near the source.
Search Fermilab Plant Database
Select the characteristics of the plant you want to find below and click the Search button. To see Plants to see all the prairie plants in the database. Click Search All Plants at Fermilab to search for reflects observations at Fermilab. If you need a more sophisticated search, try the Advanced Search. Search
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Big Data over a 100G network at Fermilab
Garzoglio, Gabriele; Mhashilkar, Parag; Kim, Hyunwoo; ...
2014-06-11
As the need for Big Data in science becomes ever more relevant, networks around the world are upgrading their infrastructure to support high-speed interconnections. To support its mission, the high-energy physics community as a pioneer in Big Data has always been relying on the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory to be at the forefront of storage and data movement. This need was reiterated in recent years with the data-taking rate of the major LHC experiments reaching tens of petabytes per year. At Fermilab, this resulted regularly in peaks of data movement on the Wide area network (WAN) in and out ofmore » the laboratory of about 30 Gbit/s and on the Local are network (LAN) between storage and computational farms of 160 Gbit/s. To address these ever increasing needs, as of this year Fermilab is connected to the Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) through a 100 Gb/s link. To understand the optimal system-and application-level configuration to interface computational systems with the new highspeed interconnect, Fermilab has deployed a Network Research & Development facility connected to the ESnet 100G Testbed. For the past two years, the High Throughput Data Program (HTDP) has been using the Testbed to identify gaps in data movement middleware [5] when transferring data at these high-speeds. The program has published evaluations of technologies typically used in High Energy Physics, such as GridFTP [4], XrootD [9], and Squid [8]. Furthermore, this work presents the new R&D facility and the continuation of the evaluation program.« less
Big Data over a 100G network at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Garzoglio, Gabriele; Mhashilkar, Parag; Kim, Hyunwoo
As the need for Big Data in science becomes ever more relevant, networks around the world are upgrading their infrastructure to support high-speed interconnections. To support its mission, the high-energy physics community as a pioneer in Big Data has always been relying on the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory to be at the forefront of storage and data movement. This need was reiterated in recent years with the data-taking rate of the major LHC experiments reaching tens of petabytes per year. At Fermilab, this resulted regularly in peaks of data movement on the Wide area network (WAN) in and out ofmore » the laboratory of about 30 Gbit/s and on the Local are network (LAN) between storage and computational farms of 160 Gbit/s. To address these ever increasing needs, as of this year Fermilab is connected to the Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) through a 100 Gb/s link. To understand the optimal system-and application-level configuration to interface computational systems with the new highspeed interconnect, Fermilab has deployed a Network Research & Development facility connected to the ESnet 100G Testbed. For the past two years, the High Throughput Data Program (HTDP) has been using the Testbed to identify gaps in data movement middleware [5] when transferring data at these high-speeds. The program has published evaluations of technologies typically used in High Energy Physics, such as GridFTP [4], XrootD [9], and Squid [8]. Furthermore, this work presents the new R&D facility and the continuation of the evaluation program.« less
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Fermilab Today | Director's Corner Archive | 2015
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Breakthrough: Fermilab Accelerator Technology
None
2018-02-07
There are more than 30,000 particle accelerators in operation around the world. At Fermilab, scientists are collaborating with other laboratories and industry to optimize the manufacturing processes for a new type of powerful accelerator that uses superconducting niobium cavities. Experimenting with unique polishing materials, a Fermilab team has now developed an efficient and environmentally friendly way of creating cavities that can propel particles with more than 30 million volts per meter.
Breakthrough: Fermilab Accelerator Technology
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
None
2012-04-23
There are more than 30,000 particle accelerators in operation around the world. At Fermilab, scientists are collaborating with other laboratories and industry to optimize the manufacturing processes for a new type of powerful accelerator that uses superconducting niobium cavities. Experimenting with unique polishing materials, a Fermilab team has now developed an efficient and environmentally friendly way of creating cavities that can propel particles with more than 30 million volts per meter.
Measurement of Quark Energy Loss in Cold Nuclear Matter at Fermilab E906/SeaQuest
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Lin, Po-Ju
Parton energy loss is a process within QCD that draws considerable interest. The measurement of parton energy loss can provide valuable information for other hard-scattering processes in nuclei, and also serves as an important tool for exploring the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Quantifying the energy loss in cold nuclear matter will help to set a baseline relative to energy loss in the QGP. With the Drell-Yan process, the energy loss of incoming quarks in cold nuclear matter can be ideally investigated since the final state interaction is expected to be minimal. E906/SeaQuest is a fixed-target experiment using themore » 120 GeV proton beam from the Fermilab Main Injector and has been collecting data from p+p, p+d, p+C, p+Fe, and p+W collisions. Within the E906 kinematic coverage of Drell-Yan production via the dimuon channel, the quark energy loss can be measured in a regime where other nuclear effects are expected to be small. In this thesis, the study of quark ener gy loss from different cold nuclear targets is presented.« less
THE LINAC LASER NOTCHER FOR THE FERMILAB BOOSTER
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Johnson, David E,; Duel, Kevin; Gardner, Matthew
2016-09-27
In synchrotron machines, the beam extraction is accomplished by a combination of septa and kicker magnets which deflect the beam from an accelerator into another. Ideally the kicker field must rise/fall in between the beam bunches. However, in reality, an intentional beam-free time region (aka "notch") is created on the beam pulse to assure that the beam can be extracted with minimal losses. In the case of the Fermilab Booster, the notch is created in the ring near injection energy by the use of fast kickers which deposit the beam in a shielded collimation region within the accelerator tunnel. Withmore » increasing beam power it is desirable to create this notch at the lowest possible energy to minimize activation. The Fermilab Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) initiated an R&D project to build a laser system to create the notch within a linac beam pulse at 750 keV. This talk will describe the concept for the laser notcher and discuss our current status, commissioning results, and future plans.« less
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Spin Tracking of Polarized Protons in the Main Injector at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Xiao, M.; Lorenzon, W.; Aldred, C.
2016-07-01
The Main Injector (MI) at Fermilab currently produces high-intensity beams of protons at energies of 120 GeV for a variety of physics experiments. Acceleration of polarized protons in the MI would provide opportunities for a rich spin physics program at Fermilab. To achieve polarized proton beams in the Fermilab accelerator complex, shown in Fig.1.1, detailed spin tracking simulations with realistic parameters based on the existing facility are required. This report presents studies at the MI using a single 4-twist Si-berian snake to determine the depolarizing spin resonances for the relevant synchrotrons. Results will be presented first for a perfect MImore » lattice, followed by a lattice that includes the real MI imperfections, such as the measured magnet field errors and quadrupole misalignments. The tolerances of each of these factors in maintaining polariza-tion in the Main Injector will be discussed.« less
LCLS-II Cryomodules Production at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Arkan, Tug; Grimm, Chuck; Kaluzny, Joshua
2017-05-01
LCLS-II is an upgrade project for the linear coherent light source (LCLS) at SLAC. The LCLS-II linac will consist of thirty-five 1.3 GHz and two 3.9 GHz superconducting RF continuous wave (CW) cryomodules that Fermilab and Jefferson Lab (JLab) will assemble in collaboration with SLAC. The LCLS-II 1.3 GHz cryomodule design is based on the European XFEL pulsed-mode cryomodule design with modifications needed for CW operation. Fermilab and JLab will each assemble and test a prototype 1.3 GHz cryomodule to assess the results of the CW modifications, in advance of 16 and 17 production 1.3 GHz cryomodules, respectively. Fermilab ismore » solely responsible for the 3.9 GHz cryomodules. After the prototype cryomodule tests are complete and lessons learned incorporated, both laboratories will increase their cryomodule production rates to meet the challenging LCLS-II project requirement of approximately one cryomodule per month per laboratory. This paper presents the Fermilab Cryomodule Assembly Facility (CAF) infrastructure for LCLS-II cryomodule production, the Fermilab prototype 1.3 GHz CW cryomodule (pCM) assembly and readiness for production assembly.« less
Heavy quark energy loss in nuclear medium
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Zhang, Benr-Wei; Wang, Enke; Wang, Xin-Nian
2003-09-16
Multiple scattering, modified fragmentation functions and radiative energy loss of a heavy quark propagating in a nuclear medium are investigated in perturbative QCD. Because of the quark mass dependence of the gluon formation time, the medium size dependence of heavy quark energy loss is found to change from a linear to a quadratic form when the initial energy and momentum scale are increased relative to the quark mass. The radiative energy loss is also significantly suppressed relative to a light quark due to the suppression of collinear gluon emission by a heavy quark.
Fermilab | Tritium at Fermilab | Indian Creek Results
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Fermilab | Science at Fermilab | Computing | Grid Computing
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Fermilab | Science at Fermilab | Computing | Mass Storage
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Etude Experimentale du Photo-Injecteur de Fermilab (in French)
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Carneiro, Jean-Paul
2001-01-01
TESLA (TeV Superconducting Linear Accelerator) is an international collaboration which is studying the feasibility of anmore » $e^+e^-$ collider of energy 0.8 TeV in the center of mass. One of the first goals of this collaboration was to construct a prototype linear accelerator at the DESY Laboratory in Hamburg, the TESLA Test Facility (TTF), in order to establish the technical basis for the collider. Two injectors were developed for TTF: a thermionic injector (developed by LAL-Orsay, IPN-Orsay, and CEA-Saclay) and a photo-injector (developed by Fermilab). The thermionic injector was used from February 1997 to October 1998, and then it was replaced by the photo-injector, which was first operated in December 1998. Another photo-injector, identical to the one delivered to TTF, was installed at Fermilab in the $$A{\\emptyset}$$ Building. The first beam from the latter was produced on 3 March 1999. The photo-injector consists of an RF gun, followed by a superconducting cavity. The RF gun is a 1.625-cell copper cavity with a resonant frequency of 1.3 GHz. The gun contains a cesium telluride ($$C_{s_2}$$Te) photo-cathode, which is illuminated by UV pulses from a Nd:YLF laser. The system can produce trains of 800 bunches of photo-electrons of charge 8 nC per bunch with spacing between bunches of 1$$\\mu$$s and 10 Hz repetition rate. Upon emerging from the RF gun, the beam energy is 4 to 5 MeV; the beam is then rapidly accelerated by the superconducting cavity to an energy of 17 to 20 MeV. Finally, a magnetic chicane, consisting of 4 dipoles, produces longitudinal compression of the electron bunches. This thesis describes the installation of the photo-injector at Fermilab and presents the experimentally-measured characteristics of the injector. The principal measurements were quantum eciency, dark current, transverse emittance, and bunch length. The conclusion from these studies is that the quality of the photo-injector beam fullls the design goals. The photo-injector at
Data preservation at the Fermilab Tevatron
Amerio, S.; Behari, S.; Boyd, J.; ...
2017-01-22
The Fermilab Tevatron collider's data-taking run ended in September 2011, yielding a dataset with rich scientific potential. The CDF and D0 experiments each have approximately 9 PB of collider and simulated data stored on tape. A large computing infrastructure consisting of tape storage, disk cache, and distributed grid computing for physics analysis with the Tevatron data is present at Fermilab. The Fermilab Run II data preservation project intends to keep this analysis capability sustained through the year 2020 and beyond. To achieve this goal, we have implemented a system that utilizes virtualization, automated validation, and migration to new standards inmore » both software and data storage technology and leverages resources available from currently-running experiments at Fermilab. Lastly, these efforts have also provided useful lessons in ensuring long-term data access for numerous experiments, and enable high-quality scientific output for years to come.« less
Data preservation at the Fermilab Tevatron
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Amerio, S.; Behari, S.; Boyd, J.; Brochmann, M.; Culbertson, R.; Diesburg, M.; Freeman, J.; Garren, L.; Greenlee, H.; Herner, K.; Illingworth, R.; Jayatilaka, B.; Jonckheere, A.; Li, Q.; Naymola, S.; Oleynik, G.; Sakumoto, W.; Varnes, E.; Vellidis, C.; Watts, G.; White, S.
2017-04-01
The Fermilab Tevatron collider's data-taking run ended in September 2011, yielding a dataset with rich scientific potential. The CDF and D0 experiments each have approximately 9 PB of collider and simulated data stored on tape. A large computing infrastructure consisting of tape storage, disk cache, and distributed grid computing for physics analysis with the Tevatron data is present at Fermilab. The Fermilab Run II data preservation project intends to keep this analysis capability sustained through the year 2020 and beyond. To achieve this goal, we have implemented a system that utilizes virtualization, automated validation, and migration to new standards in both software and data storage technology and leverages resources available from currently-running experiments at Fermilab. These efforts have also provided useful lessons in ensuring long-term data access for numerous experiments, and enable high-quality scientific output for years to come.
Fermilab | Science | Fermilab and the Higgs Boson
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Fermilab | Tritium at Fermilab | Kress Creek Results
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Fermilab | Science | Particle Accelerators | Fermilab's Accelerator Complex
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Wilson Cluster; First Light in T-1007 Prototype Optical Cavity for Holometer/Axions Tuesday, May 3 3:30 Mieland, Fermilab ES&H, and will take place from noon to 12:45 p.m. on Tuesday, May 3, in Wilson Hall
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Box, D.; Boyd, J.; Di Benedetto, V.
2016-01-01
The FabrIc for Frontier Experiments (FIFE) project is an initiative within the Fermilab Scientific Computing Division designed to steer the computing model for non-LHC Fermilab experiments across multiple physics areas. FIFE is a collaborative effort between experimenters and computing professionals to design and develop integrated computing models for experiments of varying size, needs, and infrastructure. The major focus of the FIFE project is the development, deployment, and integration of solutions for high throughput computing, data management, database access and collaboration management within an experiment. To accomplish this goal, FIFE has developed workflows that utilize Open Science Grid compute sites alongmore » with dedicated and commercial cloud resources. The FIFE project has made significant progress integrating into experiment computing operations several services including a common job submission service, software and reference data distribution through CVMFS repositories, flexible and robust data transfer clients, and access to opportunistic resources on the Open Science Grid. The progress with current experiments and plans for expansion with additional projects will be discussed. FIFE has taken the leading role in defining the computing model for Fermilab experiments, aided in the design of experiments beyond those hosted at Fermilab, and will continue to define the future direction of high throughput computing for future physics experiments worldwide.« less
Fermilab | Tritium at Fermilab | Tritium in Surface Water
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Fermilab | Tritium at Fermilab | Tritium in Sanitary Sewers
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The Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Chapelain, Antoine
The upcoming Fermilab E989 experiment will measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment aμ. This measurement is motivated by the previous measurement performed in 2001 by the BNL E821 experiment that reported a 3-4 standard deviation discrepancy between the measured value and the Standard Model prediction. The new measurement at Fermilab aims to improve the precision by a factor of four reducing the total uncertainty from 540 parts per billion (BNL E821) to 140 parts per billion (Fermilab E989). This paper gives the status of the experiment.
The Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chapelain, Antoine
2017-03-01
The upcoming Fermilab E989 experiment will measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment aμ. This measurement is motivated by the previous measurement performed in 2001 by the BNL E821 experiment that reported a 3-4 standard deviation discrepancy between the measured value and the Standard Model prediction. The new measurement at Fermilab aims to improve the precision by a factor of four reducing the total uncertainty from 540 parts per billion (BNL E821) to 140 parts per billion (Fermilab E989). This paper gives the status of the experiment.
Fermilab | Tritium at Fermilab | Indian Creek Aerial View
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Fermilab | Tritium at Fermilab | Kress Creek Aerial View
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Fermilab | Tritium at Fermilab | Ferry Creek Aerial View
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2015 Fermilab Laboratory Directed Research & Development Annual Report
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Wester, W.
2016-05-26
The Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) is conducting a Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program. Fiscal year 2015 represents the first full year of LDRD at Fermilab and includes seven projects approved mid-year in FY14 and six projects approved in FY15. One of the seven original projects has been completed just after the beginning of FY15. The implementation of LDRD at Fermilab is captured in the approved Fermilab 2015 LDRD Annual Program Plan. In FY15, the LDRD program represents 0.64% of Laboratory funding. The scope of the LDRD program at Fermilab will be established over the next couple ofmore » years where a portfolio of about 20 on-going projects representing approximately between 1% and 1.5% of the Laboratory funding is anticipated. This Annual Report focuses on the status of the current projects and provides an overview of the current status of LDRD at Fermilab.« less
Fermilab | Tritium at Fermilab | Ferry Creek Results
newsletter Ferry Creek Results chart This chart (click chart for larger version) shows the levels of tritium following the detection of low levels of tritium in Indian Creek in November 2005. The levels of tritium in . Fermilab continues to monitor the ponds and creeks on its site and take steps to keep the levels of tritium
Photodetector timing research at Fermilab
Ramberg, E.; Ronzhin, A.; Albrow, M.; ...
2011-01-01
We describe here the outlines of research undertaken by Fermilab into timing characteristics of photodetectors. We describe our experimental method and give benchtop results on the timing resolution of micro-channel plate photomultipliers (MCP-PMT) and silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). In addition, we describe results of various configurations of these detectors, along with quartz radiators, in particle test beams at Fermilab. Results for timing of scintillator light using the DRS4 high speed digitizer are also presented.
Recent Upgrades at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rominsky, Mandy
2016-03-01
The Fermilab Test Beam Facility is a world class facility for testing and characterizing particle detectors. The facility has been in operation since 2005 and has undergone significant upgrades in the last two years. A second beam line with cryogenic support has been added and the facility has adopted the MIDAS data acquisition system. The facility also recently added a cosmic telescope test stand and improved tracking capabilities. With two operational beam lines, the facility can deliver a variety of particle types and momenta ranging from 120 GeV protons in the primary beam line down to 200 MeV particles in the tertiary beam line. In addition, recent work has focused on analyzing the beam structure to provide users with information on the data they are collecting. With these improvements, the Fermilab Test Beam facility is capable of supporting High Energy physics applications as well as industry users. The upgrades will be discussed along with plans for future improvements.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Oddone, P. J.
2010-12-01
DISCUSSION by CHAIRMAN: P.J. ODDONE, Scientific Secretaries: W. Fisher, A. Holzner Note from Publisher: The Slides of the Lecture: "Highlights from Fermilab" can be found at http://www.ccsem.infn.it/issp2007/
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, which also includes days that our main building and exhibits are closed. Hours Fermilab's site is open Education Center. The ground and first floor of Wilson Hall are open to the public every day from 8 a.m.-5 , are on Wilson Hall's 15th floor. It is open to the public Monday to Friday, 8 a.m.-4:30 p.m., and on
Electron cooling for the Fermilab recycler: Present concept and provisional parameters
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Nagaitsev, S.
1997-09-01
In all scenarios of the possible Tevatron upgrades, luminosity is essentially proportional to the number of antiprotons. Thus, a tenfold increase in luminosity could be achieved by putting five times more protons on the antiproton production target and gaining an additional factor of two from recycling antiprotons left over from the previous store. Stacking and storing ten times more antiprotons puts an unbearable burden on the stochastic cooling system of the existing Accumulator Ring. Thus, one is led to consider an additional stage of antiproton storage the so called Recycler Ring. Electron cooling of the 8 GeV antiprotons in themore » Recycler could provide an attractive way around the problems of large stacks. Such a system would look much like the IUCF proposal to cool 12 GeV protons in the SSC Medium Energy Booster. Although electron cooling has now become a routine tool in many laboratories, its use has been restricted to lower energy accelerators (< 500 MeV/nucleon). An R&D program is currently underway at Fermilab to extend electron cooling technology to the GeV range. This paper describes the electron cooling system design as well as the Recycler ring parameters required to accommodate this system.« less
Online Measurement of the Energy Spread of Multi-Turn Beam in the Fermilab Booster at Injection
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Nelson, J.; Bhat, C. M.; Hendricks, B. S.
We have developed a computer program interfaced with the ACNET environment of Fermilab accelerators to measure energy spread of the proton beam from the LINAC at an injection into the Booster. It uses a digitizing oscilloscope and provides users an ability to configure the scope settings for optimal data acquisition from a resistive wall current monitor. When the program is launched, a) a one shot timeline is generated to initiate beam injection into the Booster, b) a gap of about 40 ns is produced in the injected beam using a set of fast kickers, c) collects line charge distribution datamore » from the wall current monitor for the first 200 μs from the injection and d) performs complete data analysis to extract full beam energy spread of the beam. The program also gives the option to store the data for offline analyses. We illustrate a case with an example. We also present results on beam energy spread as a function of beam intensity from recent measurements.« less
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Martinello wins 2018 IEEE PAST Doctoral Student Award November 28, 2017 PAST has awarded Fermilab scientist Martina Martinello the 2018 IEEE PAST Doctoral Student Award. Performance recognition awards go to
Fermilab 4.3-MeV Electron Cooler
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Nagaitsev, Sergei; Prost, Lionel; Shemyakin, Alexander
The Recycler Electron Cooler (REC) was the first cooler working at a relativistic energy (gamma = 9.5). It was successfully developed in 1995-2004 and was in operation at Fermilab in 2005-2011, providing cooling of antiprotons in the Recycler ring. After introducing the physics of electron cooling and the REC system, this paper describes measurements carried out to tune the electron beam and optimize its cooling properties. In particular, we discuss the cooling strategy adopted for maximizing the collider integrated luminosity.
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Fermilab History and Archives Project Home About the Archives History and Archives Online Request Contact ; - The Early History of URA and Fermilab Fermilab Golden Book Collection main page Click on Image for Larger View The Early History of URA and Fermilab Viewpoint of a URA President (1966-1981) Norman F
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Optics Corrections with LOCO in the Fermilab Booster
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Tan, Cheng-Yang; Prost, Lionel; Seiya, Kiyomi
2016-06-01
The optics of the Fermilab Booster has been corrected with LOCO (Linear Optics from Closed Orbits). However, the first corrections did not show any improvement in capture efficiency at injection. A detailed analysis of the results showed that the problem lay in the MADX optics file. Both the quadrupole and chromatic strengths were originally set as constants independent of beam energy. However, careful comparison between the measured and calculated tunes and chromatcity show that these strengths are energy dependent. After the MADX model was modified with these new energy dependent strengths, the LOCO corrected lattice has been applied to Booster.more » The effect of the corrected lattice will be discussed here.« less
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A review of the Fermilab fixed-target program
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Rameika, R.
1994-12-01
All eyes are now on the Fermilab collider program as the intense search for the top quark continues. Nevertheless, Fermilab`s long tradition of operating a strong, diverse physics program depends not only on collider physics but also on effective use of the facilities the Laboratory was founded on, the fixed-target beamlines. In this talk the author presents highlights of the Fermilab fixed-target program from its (not too distant) past, (soon to be) present, and (hopefully, not too distant) future program. The author concentrates on those experiments which are unique to the fixed-target program, in particular hadron structure measurements which usemore » the varied beams and targets available in this mode and the physics results from kaon, hyperon and high statistics charm experiments which are not easily accessible in high p{sub T} hadron collider detectors.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Fermilab
More than 4,000 scientists in 53 countries use Fermilab and its particle accelerators, detectors and computers for their research. That includes about 2,500 scientists from 223 U.S. institutions in 42 states, plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.
Cloud services for the Fermilab scientific stakeholders
Timm, S.; Garzoglio, G.; Mhashilkar, P.; ...
2015-12-23
As part of the Fermilab/KISTI cooperative research project, Fermilab has successfully run an experimental simulation workflow at scale on a federation of Amazon Web Services (AWS), FermiCloud, and local FermiGrid resources. We used the CernVM-FS (CVMFS) file system to deliver the application software. We established Squid caching servers in AWS as well, using the Shoal system to let each individual virtual machine find the closest squid server. We also developed an automatic virtual machine conversion system so that we could transition virtual machines made on FermiCloud to Amazon Web Services. We used this system to successfully run a cosmic raymore » simulation of the NOvA detector at Fermilab, making use of both AWS spot pricing and network bandwidth discounts to minimize the cost. On FermiCloud we also were able to run the workflow at the scale of 1000 virtual machines, using a private network routable inside of Fermilab. As a result, we present in detail the technological improvements that were used to make this work a reality.« less
Cloud services for the Fermilab scientific stakeholders
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Timm, S.; Garzoglio, G.; Mhashilkar, P.
As part of the Fermilab/KISTI cooperative research project, Fermilab has successfully run an experimental simulation workflow at scale on a federation of Amazon Web Services (AWS), FermiCloud, and local FermiGrid resources. We used the CernVM-FS (CVMFS) file system to deliver the application software. We established Squid caching servers in AWS as well, using the Shoal system to let each individual virtual machine find the closest squid server. We also developed an automatic virtual machine conversion system so that we could transition virtual machines made on FermiCloud to Amazon Web Services. We used this system to successfully run a cosmic raymore » simulation of the NOvA detector at Fermilab, making use of both AWS spot pricing and network bandwidth discounts to minimize the cost. On FermiCloud we also were able to run the workflow at the scale of 1000 virtual machines, using a private network routable inside of Fermilab. As a result, we present in detail the technological improvements that were used to make this work a reality.« less
Fermilab Friends for Science Education | Contact Us
Fermilab Friends for Science Education FFSE Home About Us Join Us Support Us Contact Us Contact Us Science Education P.O Box 500, MS 777 Batavia, IL 60510-5011 (630) 840-3094 * fax: (630) 840-2500 E-mail : Membership Send all other communications to: Susan Dahl, President Fermilab Friends for Science Education Box
Physics at an upgraded Fermilab proton driver
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Geer, S.; /Fermilab
2005-07-01
In 2004 the Fermilab Long Range Planning Committee identified a new high intensity Proton Driver as an attractive option for the future, primarily motivated by the recent exciting developments in neutrino physics. Over the last few months a physics study has developed the physics case for the Fermilab Proton Driver. The potential physics opportunities are discussed.
A Data Handling System for Modern and Future Fermilab Experiments
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Illingworth, R. A.
2014-01-01
Current and future Fermilab experiments such as Minerva, NOνA, and MicroBoone are now using an improved version of the Fermilab SAM data handling system. SAM was originally used by the CDF and D0 experiments for Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron to provide file metadata and location cataloguing, uploading of new files to tape storage, dataset management, file transfers between global processing sites, and processing history tracking. However SAM was heavily tailored to the Run II environment and required complex and hard to deploy client software, which made it hard to adapt to new experiments. The Fermilab Computing Sector hasmore » progressively updated SAM to use modern, standardized, technologies in order to more easily deploy it for current and upcoming Fermilab experiments, and to support the data preservation efforts of the Run II experiments.« less
Search Fermilab Insect Database
data reflects observations at Fermilab. Search Clear Choices Find All Insects |Help| |Glossary | |Advanced Search| How it's named and classified: Common Name: Insect Order: equals contains begins with ends
The LArIAT experiment at Fermilab
Nutini, Irene
2016-03-01
The LArIAT experiment at Fermilab is part of the International Neutrino program recently approved in the US. LArIAT aims to measure the main features of charged particles interactions in argon in the energy range (0.2 - 2.0 GeV) corresponding to the energy spectrum of the same particles when produced in a neutrino-argon interaction (neutrino energies of few GeV) typical of the short- and long-baseline neutrino beams of the Neutrino Program. Data collected from the 1 st Run are being analyzed for both Physics studies and a technical characterization of the scintillation light collection system. Furthermore, two analysis topics are reported:more » the method developed for charged pion cross section measurement, based on the specific features of the LArTPC, and the development and test of the LArIAT custom-designed cold front-end electronics for SiPM devices to collect LAr scintillation light.« less
Fermilab Friends for Science Education | Board of Directors
Fermilab Friends for Science Education FFSE Home About Us Join Us Support Us Contact Us Board of Directors Board of Directors Officers President: Susan Dahl, Fermilab Vice President, Nominating: Roxanne , Willow Creek Elementary School Secretary: Ellen Kohlmeier Treasurer: Eileen Pasero Board Members Daniel
The Fermilab Isdn Pilot Project: Experiences and Future Plans
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Martin, D. E.; Lego, A. J.; Clifford, A. E.
Fully operational in June of 1994, the Fermilab ISDN Pilot Project was started to gain insight into the costs and benefits of providing ISDN service to the homes of Fermilab researchers. Fourteen users were chosen from throughout Fermilab, but the number of Fermilab-employed spouses pushed the total user count to 20. Each home was equipped with a basic rate ISDN (BRI) line, a BRI Ethernet half-bridge, and an NT-1. An inter-departmental team coordinated the project. Usage at each home was tracked and frequent surveys were attempted. Lessons learned include: working with Ameritech can be difficult; careful monitoring is essential; and configuration of home computing equipment is very time consuming. Plans include moving entirely to primary rate ISDN hubs, support for different home ISDN equipment and better usage and performance tracking.
Beam Trail Tracking at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Nicklaus, Dennis J.; Carmichael, Linden Ralph; Neswold, Richard
2015-01-01
We present a system for acquiring and sorting data from select devices depending on the destination of each particular beam pulse in the Fermilab accelerator chain. The 15 Hz beam that begins in the Fermilab ion source can be directed to a variety of additional accelerators, beam lines, beam dumps, and experiments. We have implemented a data acquisition system that senses the destination of each pulse and reads the appropriate beam intensity devices so that profiles of the beam can be stored and analysed for each type of beam trail. We envision utilizing this data long term to identify trendsmore » in the performance of the accelerators« less
Medium Effects on Freeze-Out of Light Clusters at NICA Energies
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Röpke, G.; Blaschke, D.; Ivanov, Yu. B.; Karpenko, Iu.; Rogachevsky, O. V.; Wolter, H. H.
2018-05-01
We estimate the chemical freeze-out of light nuclear clusters for NICA energies of above 2 A GeV. On the one hand we use results from the low energy domain of about 35 A MeV, where medium effects have been shown to be important to explain experimental results. On the high energy side of LHC energies the statistical model without medium effects has provided results for the chemical freeze-out. The two approaches extrapolated to NICA energies show a discrepancy that can be attributed to medium effects and that for the deuteron/proton ratio amounts to a factor of about three. These findings underline the importance of a detailed investigation of light cluster production at NICA energies.
greatest risk. The number of Fermilab flu shot clinics was subsequently reduced from three to one and contact x3092. For DOE Labs Flu Vaccines Go a Long Way Flu Shot A flu shot You may be wondering what though our vaccine will wind up protecting at risk employees from three DOE labs instead of just one. You
The Fermilab ISDN Pilot Project: Experiences and future plans
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Martin, D.E.; Lego, A.J.; Clifford, A.E.
1995-12-31
Fully operational in June of 1994, the Fermilab ISDN Pilot Project was started to gain insight into the costs and benefits of providing ISDN service to the homes of Fermilab researchers. Fourteen users were chosen from throughout Fermilab, but the number of Fermilab-employed spouses pushed the total user count to 20. Each home was equipped with a basic rate ISDN (BRI) line, a BRI Ethernet half-bridge, and an NT-1. An inter-departmental team coordinated the project. Usage at each home was tracked and frequent surveys were attempted. Lessons learned include: working with Ameritech can be difficult; careful monitoring is essential; andmore » configuration of home computing equipment is very time consuming. Plans include moving entirely to primary rate ISDN hubs, support for different home ISDN equipment and better usage and performance tracking.« less
Fermilab Education: Physicists
Search Education and Outreach: Resources and Opportunties for Fermilab employees and Users A variety of resources and opportunities are available for physicists interested in education and outreach (For general Data (6Â12) Physical Science/Physics Instructional Resources (KÂ12) US Particle Physics Education and
Book Newsroom Newsroom News and features Press releases Photo gallery Fact sheets and brochures Media media Video of shutdown event Guest book Tevatron Impact June 11, 2012 About the symposium Symposium Book Fermilab at Work For Industry Jobs Interact Facebook Twitter Instagram Google+ YouTube Flickr
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Report of the Fermilab ILC Citizens' Task Force
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
None
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory convened the ILC Citizens' Task Force to provide guidance and advice to the laboratory to ensure that community concerns and ideas are included in all public aspects of planning and design for a proposed future accelerator, the International Linear Collider. In this report, the members of the Task Force describe the process they used to gather and analyze information on all aspects of the proposed accelerator and its potential location at Fermilab in northern Illinois. They present the conclusions and recommendations they reached as a result of the learning process and their subsequent discussions and deliberations.more » While the Task Force was charged to provide guidance on the ILC, it became clear during the process that the high cost of the proposed accelerator made a near-term start for the project at Fermilab unlikely. Nevertheless, based on a year of extensive learning and dialogue, the Task Force developed a series of recommendations for Fermilab to consider as the laboratory develops all successor projects to the Tevatron. The Task Force recognizes that bringing a next-generation particle physics project to Fermilab will require both a large international effort and the support of the local community. While the Task Force developed its recommendations in response to the parameters of a future ILC, the principles they set forth apply directly to any large project that may be conceived at Fermilab, or at other laboratories, in the future. With this report, the Task Force fulfills its task of guiding Fermilab from the perspective of the local community on how to move forward with a large-scale project while building positive relationships with surrounding communities. The report summarizes the benefits, concerns and potential impacts of bringing a large-scale scientific project to northern Illinois.« less
Fermilab | Tevatron | Looking Ahead
experiment, which will build and operate a large, approximately 100-ton, liquid argon time projection chamber : Fermilab MicroBooNE The MicroBooNE experiment, which will build and operate a large, approximately 100-ton
Fermilab | Tritium at Fermilab | Tritium released into the air and disposed
Science Jobs Contact Phone Book Newsroom Newsroom News and features Press releases Photo gallery Fact Tevatron experiments Tevatron operation Shutdown process For the media Video of shutdown event Guest book Security, Privacy, Legal Use of Cookies Quick Links Home Contact Phone Book Fermilab at Work For Industry
Simulation Needs and Priorities of the Fermilab Intensity Frontier
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Elvira, V. D.; Genser, K. L.; Hatcher, R.
2015-06-11
Over a two-year period, the Physics and Detector Simulations (PDS) group of the Fermilab Scientific Computing Division (SCD), collected information from Fermilab Intensity Frontier experiments on their simulation needs and concerns. The process and results of these activities are documented here.
Metamaterial-based lossy anisotropic epsilon-near-zero medium for energy collimation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Shen, Nian-Hai; Zhang, Peng; Koschny, Thomas; Soukoulis, Costas M.
2016-06-01
A lossy anisotropic epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) medium may lead to a counterintuitive phenomenon of omnidirectional bending-to-normal refraction [S. Feng, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 193904 (2012), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.193904], which offers a fabulous strategy for energy collimation and energy harvesting. Here, in the scope of effective medium theory, we systematically investigate two simple metamaterial configurations, i.e., metal-dielectric-layered structures and the wire medium, to explore the possibility of fulfilling the conditions of such an anisotropic lossy ENZ medium by playing with materials' parameters. Both realistic metamaterial structures and their effective medium equivalences have been numerically simulated, and the results are in excellent agreement with each other. Our study provides clear guidance and therefore paves the way towards the search for proper designs of anisotropic metamaterials for a decent effect of energy collimation and wave-front manipulation.
Results from a MHz gravitational wave search using the Fermilab Holometer
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kamai, Brittany; Holometer Collaboration Collaboration
2017-01-01
The Fermilab Holometer, two nested 40 meter Michelson interferometers, has extended the accessible gravitational wave frequency range from kHz to a broad range of MHz frequencies. I will present results from a 130-hr campaign that measured the energy density of gravitational waves in the MHz band. Additionally, this dataset was used to place constraints on the abundance of primordial black hole binaries.
Electromagnetic energy flux vector for a dispersive linear medium.
Crenshaw, Michael E; Akozbek, Neset
2006-05-01
The electromagnetic energy flux vector in a dispersive linear medium is derived from energy conservation and microscopic quantum electrodynamics and is found to be of the Umov form as the product of an electromagnetic energy density and a velocity vector.
Fermilab Education Office Calendar
Event 3 DZero & Tevatron Tour, 1:30 PM - 3:30 PM, Special Event 9-13 Best Games Ever! Your Own!, 9 Adventure 14 Games, Magic and the Brain, 9:30 AM - 12:30 PM, Science Adventure 15 Get to Know Fermilab
Grids, virtualization, and clouds at Fermilab
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Timm, S.; Chadwick, K.; Garzoglio, G.; Noh, S.
2014-06-01
Fermilab supports a scientific program that includes experiments and scientists located across the globe. To better serve this community, in 2004, the (then) Computing Division undertook the strategy of placing all of the High Throughput Computing (HTC) resources in a Campus Grid known as FermiGrid, supported by common shared services. In 2007, the FermiGrid Services group deployed a service infrastructure that utilized Xen virtualization, LVS network routing and MySQL circular replication to deliver highly available services that offered significant performance, reliability and serviceability improvements. This deployment was further enhanced through the deployment of a distributed redundant network core architecture and the physical distribution of the systems that host the virtual machines across multiple buildings on the Fermilab Campus. In 2010, building on the experience pioneered by FermiGrid in delivering production services in a virtual infrastructure, the Computing Sector commissioned the FermiCloud, General Physics Computing Facility and Virtual Services projects to serve as platforms for support of scientific computing (FermiCloud 6 GPCF) and core computing (Virtual Services). This work will present the evolution of the Fermilab Campus Grid, Virtualization and Cloud Computing infrastructure together with plans for the future.
Fermilab Office of Education and Public Outreach - About Us
Search Office of Education and Public Outreach About Us Education Office Staff Marge Bardeen Susan Dahl . Fermilab's Education Office supports programming for educators, families, young people and the general public change and a resource to schools and districts nationwide. The Fermilab Education Office provides
Energy flow along the medium-induced parton cascade
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Blaizot, J.-P., E-mail: jean-paul.blaizot@cea.fr; Mehtar-Tani, Y., E-mail: ymehtar@uw.edu
2016-05-15
We discuss the dynamics of parton cascades that develop in dense QCD matter, and contrast their properties with those of similar cascades of gluon radiation in vacuum. We argue that such cascades belong to two distinct classes that are characterized respectively by an increasing or a constant (or decreasing) branching rate along the cascade. In the former class, of which the BDMPS, medium-induced, cascade constitutes a typical example, it takes a finite time to transport a finite amount of energy to very soft quanta, while this time is essentially infinite in the latter case, to which the DGLAP cascade belongs.more » The medium induced cascade is accompanied by a constant flow of energy towards arbitrary soft modes, leading eventually to the accumulation of the initial energy of the leading particle at zero energy. It also exhibits scaling properties akin to wave turbulence. These properties do not show up in the cascade that develops in vacuum. There, the energy accumulates in the spectrum at smaller and smaller energy as the cascade develops, but the energy never flows all the way down to zero energy. Our analysis suggests that the way the energy is shared among the offsprings of a splitting gluon has little impact on the qualitative properties of the cascades, provided the kernel that governs the splittings is not too singular.« less
Two decades of Mexican particle physics at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Roy Rubinstein
2002-12-03
This report is a view from Fermilab of Mexican particle physics at the Laboratory since about 1980; it is not intended to be a history of Mexican particle physics: that topic is outside the expertise of the writer. The period 1980 to the present coincides with the growth of Mexican experimental particle physics from essentially no activity to its current state where Mexican groups take part in experiments at several of the world's major laboratories. Soon after becoming Fermilab director in 1979, Leon Lederman initiated a program to encourage experimental physics, especially experimental particle physics, in Latin America. At themore » time, Mexico had significant theoretical particle physics activity, but none in experiment. Following a visit by Lederman to UNAM in 1981, a conference ''Panamerican Symposium on Particle Physics and Technology'' was held in January 1982 at Cocoyoc, Mexico, with about 50 attendees from Europe, North America, and Latin America; these included Lederman, M. Moshinsky, J. Flores, S. Glashow, J. Bjorken, and G. Charpak. Among the conference outcomes were four subsequent similar symposia over the next decade, and a formal Fermilab program to aid Latin American physics (particularly particle physics); it also influenced a decision by Mexican physicist Clicerio Avilez to switch from theoretical to experimental particle physics. The first physics collaboration between Fermilab and Mexico was in particle theory. Post-docs Rodrigo Huerta and Jose Luis Lucio spent 1-2 years at Fermilab starting in 1981, and other theorists (including Augusto Garcia, Arnulfo Zepeda, Matias Moreno and Miguel Angel Perez) also spent time at the Laboratory in the 1980s.« less
Fermilab | Tevatron | Experiments | DZero
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Fermilab | Science | Particle Physics
Book Newsroom Newsroom News and features Press releases Photo gallery Fact sheets and brochures Media media Video of shutdown event Guest book Tevatron Impact June 11, 2012 About the symposium Symposium Quick Links Home Contact Phone Book Fermilab at Work For Industry Jobs Interact Facebook Twitter
Excitation of phonons in medium-energy electron diffraction
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Alvarez, M. A. Vicente; Ascolani, H.; Zampieri, G.
1996-03-01
The ``elastic'' backscattering of electrons from crystalline surfaces presents two regimes: a low-energy regime, in which the characteristic low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) pattern is observed, and a medium-energy regime, in which the diffraction pattern is similar to those observed in x-ray photoemission diffraction (XPD) and Auger electron diffraction (AED) experiments. We present a model for the electron scattering which, including the vibrational degrees of freedom of the crystal, contains both regimes and explains the passage from one regime to the other. Our model is based on a separation of the electron and atomic motions (adiabatic approximation) and on a cluster-type formulation of the multiple scattering of the electron. The inelastic scattering events (excitation and/or absorption of phonons) are treated as coherent processes and no break of the phase relation between the incident and the exit paths of the electron is assumed. The LEED and the medium-energy electron diffraction regimes appear naturally in this model as the limit cases of completely elastic scattering and of inelastic scattering with excitation and/or absorption of multiple phonons. Intensity patterns calculated with this model are in very good agreement with recent experiments of electron scattering on Cu(001) at low and medium energies. We show that there is a correspondence between the type of intensity pattern and the mean number of phonons excited and/or absorbed during the scattering: a LEED-like pattern is observed when this mean number is less than 2, LEED-like and XPD/AED-like features coexist when this number is 3-4, and a XPD/AED-like pattern is observed when this number is greater than 5-6.
Grids, virtualization, and clouds at Fermilab
Timm, S.; Chadwick, K.; Garzoglio, G.; ...
2014-06-11
Fermilab supports a scientific program that includes experiments and scientists located across the globe. To better serve this community, in 2004, the (then) Computing Division undertook the strategy of placing all of the High Throughput Computing (HTC) resources in a Campus Grid known as FermiGrid, supported by common shared services. In 2007, the FermiGrid Services group deployed a service infrastructure that utilized Xen virtualization, LVS network routing and MySQL circular replication to deliver highly available services that offered significant performance, reliability and serviceability improvements. This deployment was further enhanced through the deployment of a distributed redundant network core architecture andmore » the physical distribution of the systems that host the virtual machines across multiple buildings on the Fermilab Campus. In 2010, building on the experience pioneered by FermiGrid in delivering production services in a virtual infrastructure, the Computing Sector commissioned the FermiCloud, General Physics Computing Facility and Virtual Services projects to serve as platforms for support of scientific computing (FermiCloud 6 GPCF) and core computing (Virtual Services). Lastly, this work will present the evolution of the Fermilab Campus Grid, Virtualization and Cloud Computing infrastructure together with plans for the future.« less
Fermilab Education High School Tours
three weeks before the date of the tour using the tour request form. Physical Science Tours include @fnal.gov Physical Science Tours Amanda Early, Education Office Fermilab, MS226 P.O. Box 500 Batavia, IL
Channeling Radiation Experiment at Fermilab ASTA
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Mihalcea, D.; Edstrom, D. R.; Piot, P.
2015-06-01
Electron beams with moderate energy ranging from 4 to 50 MeV can be used to produce x-rays through the Channeling Radiation (CR) mechanism. Typically, the xray spectrum from these sources extends up to 140 keV and this range covers the demand for most practical applications. The parameters of the electron beam determine the spectral brilliance of the x-ray source. The electron beam produced at the Fermilab new facility Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA) meets the requirements to assemble an experimental high brilliance CR xray source. In the first stage of the experiment the energy of the beam is 20 MeV and due to the very low emittance (more » $$\\approx 100$$ nm ) at low bunch charge (20 pC) the expected average brilliance of the x-ray source is about $10^9$ photons/[s- $(mm-mrad)^2$-0.1% BW]. In the second stage of the experiment the beam energy will be increased to 50 MeV and consequently the average brilliance will increase by a factor of five. Also, the x-ray spectrum will extend from about 30 keV to 140 keV« less
Fermilab | Science | Inquiring Minds
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Fermilab | Tevatron | Tevatron Operation
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Fermilab | Tevatron | Shutdown Process
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Bob Wilson and The Birth of Fermilab
Edwin L. Goldwasser
2018-04-17
In the 1960âs the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (then The Lawrence Radiation Laboratory) submitted two proposals to build the next high energy physics research laboratory. The first included a 200 GeV accelerator and associated experimental facilities. The cost was $350 million. The Bureau of the Budget rejected that proposal as a âbudget busterâ. It ruled that $250 million was the maximum that could be accepted. The second proposal was for a reduced scope laboratory that met the Bureau of the Budgetâs cost limitation, but it was for a lower energy accelerator and somewhat smaller and fewer experimental facilities. The powerful Congressional Joint Committee on Atomic Energy rejected the reduced scope proposal as inadequate to provide physics results of sufficient interest to justify the cost. It was then that Bob Wilson came forth with a third proposal, coping with that âCatch 22â and leading to the creation of Fermilab. How he did it will be the subject of this colloquium.
Interactions.org Particle Physics News Image Bank Fermilab in the News Quantum Diaries Mu2e: muon-to-electron works The Mu2e detector is a particle physics detector embedded in a series of superconducting magnets advance research at the Intensity Frontier. The U.S. Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel, P5
Welcome to Fermilab Butterflies!!
, fascinating insects, and there's a lot to learn about them! Join our expert, Tom Peterson, and explore the Meet Tom Peterson, Fermilab's Butterfly Expert Go to our Butterfly Links Have fun! Graphics and Page Design: Rory Parilac, Content: Tom Peterson and Rory Parilac Database and Lasso Code: Liz Quigg Web
New Concepts and Fermilab Facilities for Antimatter Research
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jackson, Gerald
2008-04-01
There has long been significant interest in continuing antimatter research at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Beam kinetic energies ranging from 10 GeV all the way down to the eV scale and below are of interest. There are three physics missions currently being developed: the continuation of charmonium physics utilizing an internal target; atomic physics with in-flight generated antihydrogen atoms; and deceleration to thermal energies and paasage of antiprotons through a grating system to determine their gravitation acceleration. Non-physics missions include the study of medical applications, tests of deep-space propulsion concepts, low-risk testing of nuclear fuel elements, and active interrogation for smuggled nuclear materials in support of homeland security. This paper reviews recent beam physics and accelerator technology innovations in the development of methods and new Fermilab facilities for the above missions.
Gamma-ray astronomy in the medium energy (10-50 MeV) range
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Kniffen, D. A.; Bertsch, D. L.; Morris, D. J.; Palmeira, R. A. R.; Rao, K. R.
1977-01-01
To observe the medium energy component of the intense galactic center gamma-ray emission, two balloon flights of a medium energy gamma-ray spark chamber telescope were flown in Brazil in 1975. The results indicate the emission is higher than previously thought and above the predictions of a theoretical model proposed.
Fermilab proton accelerator complex status and improvement plans
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Shiltsev, Vladimir
2017-05-30
Fermilab carries out an extensive program of accelerator-based high energy particle physics research at the Intensity Frontier that relies on the operation of 8 GeV and 120 GeV proton beamlines for a n umber of fixed target experiments. Routine operation with a world-record 700kW of average 120 GeV beam power on the neutrino target was achieved in 2017 as the result of the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) upgrade. There are plans to further increase the power to 900 – 1000 kW. The next major upgrade of the FNAL accelerator complex, called PIP-II, is under development. It aims at 1.2MW beammore » power on target at the start of the LBNF/DUNE experiment in the middle of the next decade and assumes replacement of the existing 40-years old 400 MeV normal-conducting Linac with a modern 800 MeV superconducting RF linear accelerator. There are several concepts to further double the beam power to >2.4MW after replacement of the existing 8 GeV Booster synchrotron. In this article we discuss current performance of the Fermilab proton accelerator complex, the upgrade plans for the next two decades and the accelerator R&D program to address cost and performance risks for these upgrades.« less
Advanced Beamline Design for Fermilab's Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Prokop, Christopher
2014-01-01
The Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA) at Fermilab is a new electron accelerator currently in the commissioning stage. In addition to testing superconducting accelerating cavities for future accelerators, it is foreseen to support a variety of Advanced Accelerator R&D (AARD) experiments. Producing the required electron bunches with the expected flexibility is challenging. The goal of this dissertation is to explore via numerical simulations new accelerator beamlines that can enable the advanced manipulation of electron bunches. The work especially includes the design of a low-energy bunch compressor and a study of transverse-to-longitudinal phase space exchangers.
Fermilab | Science | Historic Results
quark since the discovery of the bottom quark at Fermilab through fixed-target experiments in 1977. Both cosmic rays. Researchers previously had assumed that cosmic rays approach the Earth uniformly from random impact the Earth generally come from the direction of active galactic nuclei. Many large galaxies
Research Activities at Fermilab for Big Data Movement
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Mhashilkar, Parag; Wu, Wenji; Kim, Hyun W
2013-01-01
Adaptation of 100GE Networking Infrastructure is the next step towards management of Big Data. Being the US Tier-1 Center for the Large Hadron Collider's (LHC) Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment and the central data center for several other large-scale research collaborations, Fermilab has to constantly deal with the scaling and wide-area distribution challenges of the big data. In this paper, we will describe some of the challenges involved in the movement of big data over 100GE infrastructure and the research activities at Fermilab to address these challenges.
Advances in Grid Computing for the Fabric for Frontier Experiments Project at Fermilab
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Herner, K.; Alba Hernandez, A. F.; Bhat, S.; Box, D.; Boyd, J.; Di Benedetto, V.; Ding, P.; Dykstra, D.; Fattoruso, M.; Garzoglio, G.; Kirby, M.; Kreymer, A.; Levshina, T.; Mazzacane, A.; Mengel, M.; Mhashilkar, P.; Podstavkov, V.; Retzke, K.; Sharma, N.; Teheran, J.
2017-10-01
The Fabric for Frontier Experiments (FIFE) project is a major initiative within the Fermilab Scientific Computing Division charged with leading the computing model for Fermilab experiments. Work within the FIFE project creates close collaboration between experimenters and computing professionals to serve high-energy physics experiments of differing size, scope, and physics area. The FIFE project has worked to develop common tools for job submission, certificate management, software and reference data distribution through CVMFS repositories, robust data transfer, job monitoring, and databases for project tracking. Since the projects inception the experiments under the FIFE umbrella have significantly matured, and present an increasingly complex list of requirements to service providers. To meet these requirements, the FIFE project has been involved in transitioning the Fermilab General Purpose Grid cluster to support a partitionable slot model, expanding the resources available to experiments via the Open Science Grid, assisting with commissioning dedicated high-throughput computing resources for individual experiments, supporting the efforts of the HEP Cloud projects to provision a variety of back end resources, including public clouds and high performance computers, and developing rapid onboarding procedures for new experiments and collaborations. The larger demands also require enhanced job monitoring tools, which the project has developed using such tools as ElasticSearch and Grafana. in helping experiments manage their large-scale production workflows. This group in turn requires a structured service to facilitate smooth management of experiment requests, which FIFE provides in the form of the Production Operations Management Service (POMS). POMS is designed to track and manage requests from the FIFE experiments to run particular workflows, and support troubleshooting and triage in case of problems. Recently a new certificate management infrastructure called
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Saroja, K. R.; Cohen, Lionel; Hendrickson, Frank R.
1990-01-01
Between January 1985 and July 1989 a total of thirty-eight patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer were treated with high energy neutrons at Fermilab. Twenty-one patients received only neutrons and seventeen were given chemotherapy in addition, either concurrently or subsequently following the completion of neutron irradiation. This is a retrospective study. Data were analyzed for tolerance, complications and survival. Three of the twenty-one (14%) patients who received only neutron beam therapy developed Grade ID or greater complications in the RTOG/EORTC scale. The median survival was 6.4 months. One of these patients is alive 10 months post treatment. Of seventeen patientsmore » who also received chemotherapy, five (29%) had severe complications. However, median survival was 13.5 months. Four of these seventeen patients are still alive at the time of this analysis. The preliminary results show that there is improvement in the survival of patients treated with combined neutron irradiation and chemotherapy. A pilot study to further evaluate these results in a larger group of patients is underway. Details of complications and chemotherapy regimen will be preseqted.« less
Fermilab E1039 Radiation Studies to Optimize the Experimental Layout
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
McNease, Shannon; SeaQuest Collaboration
2017-09-01
Experiment 1039 at Fermi National Accelerator Lab will use the 120 GeV proton beam from the Main Injector to collide with a polarized target to study the spin structure of the nucleon sea quarks. In particular E1039 will measure the asymmetry in the distribution of the muon pairs produced in the Drell-Yan process. In order to polarize the target of frozen NH3 and ND3 a series of vacuum pumps is needed in the high radiation area near the target. This experiment will use the same spectrometer, beam line, and spill structure as E906 along with same shielding with minor upgrades; therefore measurements made by the Fermilab radiation safety team during SeaQuest run can be used for a radiation study. The measurements of thermoluminescent dosimeter badges, and ion chambers are compared with the MARS simulation of the radiation field in SeaQuest to give the amount of radiation in a particular area outside of the shielding. With these three studies a proposal was made for the best placement of the sensitive electronics that is inside the vacuum pump controller, and to see if more protection is needed. This presentation will cover the process of research and calculations of the radiation study and the proposed best place for the controller electronics. Supported by U.S. D.O.E. Medium Energy Nuclear Physics under Grant DE-FG02-03ER41243.
The Holometer: A Fermilab Experiment
Chou, Aaron
2018-04-11
Do we live in a two-dimensional hologram? A group of Fermilab scientists has designed an experiment to find out. Itâs called the Holometer, and this video gives you a behind-the-scenes look at the device that could change the way we see the universe.
Significance of medium energy gamma ray astronomy in the study of cosmic rays
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Fichtel, C. E.; Kniffen, D. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Bignami, G. F.; Cheung, C. Y.
1975-01-01
Medium energy (about 10 to 30 MeV) gamma ray astronomy provides information on the product of the galactic electron cosmic ray intensity and the galactic matter to which the electrons are dynamically coupled by the magnetic field. Because high energy (greater than 100 MeV) gamma ray astronomy provides analogous information for the nucleonic cosmic rays and the relevant matter, a comparison between high energy and medium energy gamma ray intensities provides a direct ratio of the cosmic ray electrons and nucleons throughout the galaxy. A calculation of gamma ray production by electron bremsstrahlung shows that: bremsstrahlung energy loss is probably not negligible over the lifetime of the electrons in the galaxy; and the approximate bremsstrahlung calculation often used previously overestimates the gamma ray intensity by about a factor of two. As a specific example, expected medium energy gamma ray intensities are calculated for the speral arm model.
Nuclear physics with a medium-energy Electron-Ion Collider
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Accardi, A.; Guzey, V.; Prokudin, A.; Weiss, C.
2012-06-01
A polarized ep/ eA collider (Electron-Ion Collider, or EIC) with variable center-of-mass energy √ s ˜ 20-70 GeV and luminosity ˜1034 cm-2 s-1 would be uniquely suited to address several outstanding questions of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and the microscopic structure of hadrons and nuclei: i) the three-dimensional structure of the nucleon in QCD (sea quark and gluon spatial distributions, orbital motion, polarization, correlations); ii) the fundamental color fields in nuclei (nuclear parton densities, shadowing, coherence effects, color transparency); iii) the conversion of color charge to hadrons (fragmentation, parton propagation through matter, in-medium jets). We briefly review the conceptual aspects of these questions and the measurements that would address them, emphasizing the qualitatively new information that could be obtained with the collider. Such a medium-energy EIC could be realized at Jefferson Lab after the 12GeV Upgrade (MEIC), or at Brookhaven National Lab as the low-energy stage of eRHIC.
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Commissioning and First Results from the Fermilab Cryomodule Test Stand
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Harms, Elvin; et al.
2017-05-01
A new test stand dedicated to SRF cryomodule testing, CMTS1, has been commissioned and is now in operation at Fermilab. The first device to be cooled down and powered in this facility is the prototype 1.3 GHz cryomodule assembled at Fermilab for LCLS-II. We describe the demonstrated capabilities of CMTS1, report on steps taken during commissioning, provide an overview of first test results, and survey future plans.
Fermilab | Tevatron | Tevatron Symposium | Agenda
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Technique for measurement of energy loss of proton in target medium
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Khadke, U. V.
2018-05-01
Energy loss (EL) of charged particles in target medium needs special attention, when measurements are required to be done repeatedly over periods of couple of days. It is imperative to ensure that the measurements are not affected by the long term drifts of the accelerator beam energy and the associated electronic modules. For one such situation in measurement of EL of proton beam in thick target, we optimised and standardized the technique of measuring most probable energy loss of 24.774 MeV proton in aluminium target of thickness 330 mg/cm2. The paper described the method that we developed to ensure that our EL measurements were free from effects of drifts due to any associated electronic modules. The details of the energy spectrometer, basic principle and technique for energy loss measurements in target medium are described in this paper.
Material Activation Benchmark Experiments at the NuMI Hadron Absorber Hall in Fermilab
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Matsumura, H.; Matsuda, N.; Kasugai, Y.; Toyoda, A.; Yashima, H.; Sekimoto, S.; Iwase, H.; Oishi, K.; Sakamoto, Y.; Nakashima, H.; Leveling, A.; Boehnlein, D.; Lauten, G.; Mokhov, N.; Vaziri, K.
2014-06-01
In our previous study, double and mirror symmetric activation peaks found for Al and Au arranged spatially on the back of the Hadron absorber of the NuMI beamline in Fermilab were considerably higher than those expected purely from muon-induced reactions. From material activation bench-mark experiments, we conclude that this activation is due to hadrons with energy greater than 3 GeV that had passed downstream through small gaps in the hadron absorber.
Progress on the Fabric for Frontier Experiments Project at Fermilab
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Box, Dennis; Boyd, Joseph; Dykstra, Dave; Garzoglio, Gabriele; Herner, Kenneth; Kirby, Michael; Kreymer, Arthur; Levshina, Tanya; Mhashilkar, Parag; Sharma, Neha
2015-12-01
The FabrIc for Frontier Experiments (FIFE) project is an ambitious, major-impact initiative within the Fermilab Scientific Computing Division designed to lead the computing model for Fermilab experiments. FIFE is a collaborative effort between experimenters and computing professionals to design and develop integrated computing models for experiments of varying needs and infrastructure. The major focus of the FIFE project is the development, deployment, and integration of Open Science Grid solutions for high throughput computing, data management, database access and collaboration within experiment. To accomplish this goal, FIFE has developed workflows that utilize Open Science Grid sites along with dedicated and commercial cloud resources. The FIFE project has made significant progress integrating into experiment computing operations several services including new job submission services, software and reference data distribution through CVMFS repositories, flexible data transfer client, and access to opportunistic resources on the Open Science Grid. The progress with current experiments and plans for expansion with additional projects will be discussed. FIFE has taken a leading role in the definition of the computing model for Fermilab experiments, aided in the design of computing for experiments beyond Fermilab, and will continue to define the future direction of high throughput computing for future physics experiments worldwide.
Towards Commissioning the Fermilab Muon G-2 Experiment
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Stratakis, D.; Convery, M. E.; Morgan, J. P.
2017-01-01
Starting this summer, Fermilab will host a key experiment dedicated to the search for signals of new physics: The Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment. Its aim is to precisely measure the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. In full operation, in order to avoid contamination, the newly born secondary beam is injected into a 505 m long Delivery Ring (DR) wherein it makes several revolutions before being sent to the experiment. Part of the commissioning scenario will execute a running mode wherein the passage from the DR will be skipped. With the aid of numerical simulations, we provide estimates of themore » expected performance.« less
Megascience and the Powers and Paradoxes of Pushing Frontiers at Fermilab
Hoddeson, Lillian
2018-05-11
To help begin the year of celebration of Fermilab's fortieth anniversary (June 15, 1967), this colloquium will characterize the special brand of bigger 'Big Science' that emerged at Fermilab under Robert R. Wilson and Leon M. Lederman, with attention not only to its powers and beauties but to some of its paradoxes, conflicts, and ironies, due in part to funding limitations.
Extending DART to meet the data acquisition needs of future experiments at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Oleynik, G.; Pordes, R.; Barsotti, E.
1995-10-01
The DART project at Fermilab is a major collaboration to develop a data acquisition system for multiple experiments. The initial implementation of DART has concentrated on providing working data acquisition systems for the (now eight) collaborating experiments in the next Fixed Target Run. In this paper we discuss aspects of the architecture of DART and how these will allow it to be extended to meet the expected needs of future experiments at Fermilab. We also discuss some ongoing developments within the Fermilab Computing Division towards these new implementations.
The new g-2 experiment at Fermilab
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Anastasi, A.
2017-04-01
There is a long standing discrepancy between the Standard Model prediction for the muon g-2 and the value measured by the Brookhaven E821 Experiment. At present the discrepancy stands at about three standard deviations, with an uncertainty dominated by the theoretical error. Two new proposals - at Fermilab and J-PARC - plan to improve the experimental uncertainty by a factor of 4, and it is expected that there will be a significant reduction in the uncertainty of the Standard Model prediction. I will review the status of the planned experiment at Fermilab, E989, which will analyse 21 times more muons than the BNL experiment and discuss how the systematic uncertainty will be reduced by a factor of 3 such that a precision of 0.14 ppm can be achieved.
Accelerator-based Neutrino Physics at Fermilab
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dukes, Edmond
2008-10-01
The discovery of neutrino mass has excited great interest in elucidating the properties of neutrinos and their role in nature. Experiments around the world take advantage of solar, atmospheric, reactor, and accelerator sources of neutrinos. Accelerator-based sources are particularly convenient since their parameters can be tuned to optimize the measurement in question. At Fermilab an extensive neutrino program includes the MiniBooNE, SciBooNE, and MINOS experiments. Two major new experiments, MINERvA and NOvA, are being constructed, plans for a high-intensity neutrino source to DUSEL are underway, and an R&D effort towards a large liquid argon detector is being pursued. The NOvA experiment intends to search for electron neutrino appearance using a massive surface detector 811 km from Fermilab. In addition to measuring the last unknown mixing angle, theta(13), NOvA has the possibility of seeing matter-antimatter asymmetries in neutrinos and resolving the ordering of the neutrino mass states.
Perpendicular Biased Ferrite Tuned Cavities for the Fermilab Booster
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Romanov, Gennady; Awida, Mohamed; Khabiboulline, Timergali
2014-07-01
The aging Fermilab Booster RF system needs an upgrade to support future experimental program. The important feature of the upgrade is substantial enhancement of the requirements for the accelerating cavities. The new requirements include enlargement of the cavity beam pipe aperture, increase of the cavity voltage and increase in the repetition rate. The modification of the present traditional parallel biased ferrite cavities is rather challenging. An alternative to rebuilding the present Fermilab Booster RF cavities is to design and construct new perpendicular biased RF cavities, which potentially offer a number of advantages. An evaluation and a preliminary design of themore » perpendicular biased ferrite tuned cavities for the Fermilab Booster upgrade is described in the paper. Also it is desirable for better Booster performance to improve the capture of beam in the Booster during injection and at the start of the ramp. One possible way to do that is to flatten the bucket by introducing second harmonic cavities into the Booster. This paper also looks into the option of using perpendicularly biased ferrite tuners for the second harmonic cavities.« less
Development of a Telescope for Medium-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Hunter, Stanley D.
2010-01-01
Since the launch of AGILE and FERMI, the scientific progress in high-energy (E(sub gamma) greater than approximately 200 MeV) gamma-ray science has been, and will continue to be dramatic. Both of these telescopes cover a broad energy range from approximately 20 MeV to greater than 10 GeV. However, neither instrument is optimized for observations below approximately 200 MeV where many astrophysical objects exhibit unique, transitory behavior, such as spectral breaks, bursts, and flares. Hence, while significant progress from current observations is expected, there will nonetheless remain a significant sensitivity gap in the medium-energy (approximately 0.1-200 MeV) regime; the lower end of this range remains largely unexplored whereas the upper end will allow comparison with FERMI data. Tapping into this unexplored regime requires significant improvements in sensitivity. A major emphasis of modern detector development, with the goal of providing significant improvements in sensitivity in the medium-energy regime, focuses on high-resolution electron tracking. The Three-Dimensional Track Imager (3-DTI) technology being developed at GSFC provides high resolution tracking of the electron-positron pair from gamma-ray interactions from 5 to 200 MeV. The 3-DTI consists of a time projection chamber (TPC) and 2-D cross-strip microwell detector (MWD). The low-density and homogeneous design of the 3-DTI, offers unprecedented sensitivity by providing angular resolution near the kinematic limit. Electron tracking also enables measurement of gamma-ray polarization, a new tool to study astrophysical phenomenon. We describe the design, fabrication, and performance of a 30x30x30 cubic centimeters 3-DTI detector prototype of a medium-energy gamma-ray telescope.
Development of a Telescope for Medium-Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Sunter, Stan
2012-01-01
Since the launch of AGILE and FERMI, the scientific progress in high-energy (Eg greater than approximately 200 MeV) gamma-ray science has been, and will continue to be dramatic. Both of these telescopes cover a broad energy range from approximately 20 MeV to greater than 10 GeV. However, neither instrument is optimized for observations below approximately 200 MeV where many astrophysical objects exhibit unique, transitory behavior, such as spectral breaks, bursts, and flares. Hence, while significant progress from current observations is expected, there will nonetheless remain a significant sensitivity gap in the medium-energy (approximately 0.1-200 MeV) regime; the lower end of this range remains largely unexplored whereas the upper end will allow comparison with FERMI data. Tapping into this unexplored regime requires significant improvements in sensitivity. A major emphasis of modern detector development, with the goal of providing significant improvements in sensitivity in the medium-energy regime, focuses on high-resolution electron tracking. The Three-Dimensional Track Imager (3-DTI) technology being developed at GSFC provides high resolution tracking of the electron-positron pair from gamma-ray interactions from 5 to 200 MeV. The 3-DTI consists of a time projection chamber (TPC) and 2-D cross-strip microwell detector (MWD). The low-density and homogeneous design of the 3-DTI, offers unprecedented sensitivity by providing angular resolution near the kinematic limit. Electron tracking also enables measurement of gamma-ray polarization, a new tool to study astrophysical phenomenon. We describe the design, fabrication, and performance of a 30x30x30 cm3 3-DTI detector prototype of a medium-energy gamma-ray telescope.
Fermilab Muon Campus g-2 Cryogenic Distribution Remote Control System
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Pei, L.; Theilacker, J.; Klebaner, A.
2015-11-05
The Muon Campus (MC) is able to measure Muon g-2 with high precision and comparing its value to the theoretical prediction. The MC has four 300 KW screw compressors and four liquid helium refrigerators. The centerpiece of the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab is a large, 50-foot-diameter superconducting muon storage ring. This one-of-a-kind ring, made of steel, aluminum and superconducting wire, was built for the previous g-2 experiment at Brookhaven. Due to each subsystem has to be far away from each other and be placed in the distant location, therefore, Siemens Process Control System PCS7-400, Automation Direct DL205 & DL05more » PLC, Synoptic and Fermilab ACNET HMI are the ideal choices as the MC g-2 cryogenic distribution real-time and on-Line remote control system. This paper presents a method which has been successfully used by many Fermilab distribution cryogenic real-time and On-Line remote control systems.« less
Energy analysis of cool, medium, and dark roofs on residential buildings in the U.S
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dunbar, Michael A.
This study reports an energy analysis of cool, medium, and dark roofs on residential buildings in the U.S. Three analyses were undertaken in this study: energy consumption, economic analysis, and an environmental analysis. The energy consumption reports the electricity and natural gas consumption of the simulations. The economic analysis uses tools such as simple payback period (SPP) and net present value (NPV) to determine the profitability of the cool roof and the medium roof. The variable change for each simulation model was the roof color. The default color was a dark roof and the results were focused on the changes produced by the cool roof and the medium roof. The environmental analysis uses CO2 emissions to assess the environmental impact of the cool roof and the medium roof. The analysis uses the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) EnergyPlus software to produce simulations of a typical, two-story residential home in the U.S. The building details of the typical, two-story U.S. residential home and the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) building code standards used are discussed in this study. This study indicates that, when material and labor costs are. assessed, the cool roof and the medium roof do not yield a SPP less than 10 years. Furthermore, the NPV results assess that neither the cool roof nor the medium roof are a profitable investment in any climate zone in the U.S. The environmental analysis demonstrates that both the cool roof and the medium roof have a positive impact in warmer climates by reducing the CO2 emissions as much as 264 kg and 129 kg, respectively.
Progress on the FabrIc for Frontier Experiments project at Fermilab
Box, Dennis; Boyd, Joseph; Dykstra, Dave; ...
2015-12-23
The FabrIc for Frontier Experiments (FIFE) project is an ambitious, major-impact initiative within the Fermilab Scientific Computing Division designed to lead the computing model for Fermilab experiments. FIFE is a collaborative effort between experimenters and computing professionals to design and develop integrated computing models for experiments of varying needs and infrastructure. The major focus of the FIFE project is the development, deployment, and integration of Open Science Grid solutions for high throughput computing, data management, database access and collaboration within experiment. To accomplish this goal, FIFE has developed workflows that utilize Open Science Grid sites along with dedicated and commercialmore » cloud resources. The FIFE project has made significant progress integrating into experiment computing operations several services including new job submission services, software and reference data distribution through CVMFS repositories, flexible data transfer client, and access to opportunistic resources on the Open Science Grid. Hence, the progress with current experiments and plans for expansion with additional projects will be discussed. FIFE has taken a leading role in the definition of the computing model for Fermilab experiments, aided in the design of computing for experiments beyond Fermilab, and will continue to define the future direction of high throughput computing for future physics experiments worldwide« less
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Biomedical user facility at the 400-MeV Linac at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Chu, W.T.
1993-12-01
In this paper, general requirements are discussed on a biomedical user facility at the Fermilab`s 400-MeV Linac, which meets the needs of biology and biophysics experiments, and a conceptual design and typical operations requirements of the facility is presented. It is assumed that no human patient treatment will take place in this facility. If human patients were treated, much greater attention would have to be paid to safeguarding the patients.
MEGA: the next generation Medium Energy Gamma-ray Telescope
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Paciesas, W.; Miller, R. S.; Andritschke, R.; Kanbach, G.; Zoglauer, A.; Bloser, P.; Hunter, S.; Cravens, J.; Cherry, M.; Guzik, T. G.; Stacy, J. G.; Wefel, J. P.; Di Cocco, G.; Hartmann, D.; Kippen, R. M.; Vestrand, W. T.; Kurfess, J.; Phlips, B.; Strickman, M.; Wulf, E.; Macri, J. R.; McConnell, M. L.; Ryan, J. M.; Reglero, V.; Zych, A. D.
2004-08-01
The MEGA mission would enable a sensitive all-sky survey of the medium-energy gamma-ray sky (0.3-50 MeV). This mission will bridge the huge sensitivity gap between the COMPTEL and OSSE experiments on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, the SPI and IBIS instruments on INTEGRAL and the visionary ACT mission. It will, among other things, serve to compile a much larger catalog of sources in this energy range, perform far deeper searches for supernovae, better measure the galactic continuum emission as well as identify the components of the cosmic diffuse emission. It will accomplish these goals with a stack of Si-strip detector (SSD) planes surrounded by a dense high-Z calorimeter. At lower photon energies (below ˜ 30 MeV), the design is sensitive to Compton interactions, with the SSD system serving as a scattering medium that also detects and measures the Compton recoil energy deposit. If the energy of the recoil electron is sufficiently high (> 2 MeV), the track of the recoil electron can also be defined. At higher photon energies (above ˜ 10 MeV), the design is sensitive to pair production events, with the SSD system measuring the tracks of the electron and positron. We will discuss the various types of event signatures in detail and describe the advantages of this design over previous Compton telescope designs. Effective area, sensitivity and resolving power estimates are also presented along with simulations of expected scientific results and beam calibration results from the prototype instrument.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Andorf, M. B.; Lebedev, V. A.; Piot, P.
2015-06-01
Optical stochastic cooling (OSC) is a method of beam cooling which is expected to provide cooling rates orders of magnitude larger than ordinary stochastic cooling. Light from an undulator (the pickup) is amplified and fed back onto the particle beam via another undulator (the kicker). Fermilab is currently exploring a possible proof-of-principle experiment of the OSC at the integrable-optics test accelerator (IOTA) ring. To implement effective OSC a good correction of phase distortions in the entire band of the optical amplifier is required. In this contribution we present progress in experimental characterization of phase distortions associated to a Titanium Sapphiremore » crystal laser-gain medium (a possible candidate gain medium for the OSC experiment to be performed at IOTA). We also discuss a possible option for a mid-IR amplifier« less
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Fermilab | Tevatron | Tevatron Symposium | Organizing Committee
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Fermilab | Science | Questions for the Universe
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Feasibility of the Utilization of BNCT in the Fast Neutron Therapy Beam at Fermilab
DOE R&D Accomplishments Database
Langen, Katja; Lennox, Arlene J.; Kroc, Thomas K.; DeLuca, Jr., Paul M.
2000-06-01
The Neutron Therapy Facility at Fermilab has treated cancer patients since 1976. Since then more than 2,300 patients have been treated and a wealth of clinical information accumulated. The therapeutic neutron beam at Fermilab is produced by bombarding a beryllium target with 66 MeV protons. The resulting continuous neutron spectrum ranges from thermal to 66 MeV in neutron energy. It is clear that this spectrum is not well suited for the treatment of tumors with boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) only However, since this spectrum contains thermal and epithermal components the authors are investigating whether BNCT can be used in this beam to boost the tumor dose. There are clinical scenarios in which a selective tumor dose boost of 10 - 15% could be clinically significant. For these cases the principal treatment would still be fast neutron therapy but a tumor boost could be used either to deliver a higher dose to the tumor tissue or to reduce the dose to the normal healthy tissue while maintaining the absorbed dose level in the tumor tissue.
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Fast Transverse Instability and Electron Cloud Measurements in Fermilab Recycler
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Eldred, Jeffery; Adamson, Philip; Capista, David
2015-03-01
A new transverse instability is observed that may limit the proton intensity in the Fermilab Recycler. The instability is fast, leading to a beam-abort loss within two hundred turns. The instability primarily affects the first high-intensity batch from the Fermilab Booster in each Recycler cycle. This paper analyzes the dynamical features of the destabilized beam. The instability excites a horizontal betatron oscillation which couples into the vertical motion and also causes transverse emittance growth. This paper describes the feasibility of electron cloud as the mechanism for this instability and presents the first measurements of the electron cloud in the Fermilabmore » Recycler. Direct measurements of the electron cloud are made using a retarding field analyzer (RFA) newly installed in the Fermilab Recycler. Indirect measurements of the electron cloud are made by propagating a microwave carrier signal through the beampipe and analyzing the phase modulation of the signal. The maximum betatron amplitude growth and the maximum electron cloud signal occur during minimums of the bunch length oscillation.« less
MEGA: the next generation Medium Energy Gamma-ray Telescope
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ryan, James M.; Andritschke, Robert; Bloser, Peter F.; Cravens, James P.; Cherry, Michael L.; Di Cocco, Guido; Guzik, T. G.; Hartmann, Dieter H.; Hunter, Stanley H.; Kanbach, Gottfried; Kippen, R. M.; Kurfess, James; Macri, John R.; McConnell, Mark L.; Miller, Richard S.; Paciesas, William S.; Phlips, Bernard; Reglero, Victor; Stacy, J. G.; Strickman, Mark; Vestrand, W. Thomas; Wefel, John P.; Wulf, Eric; Zoglauer, Andreas; Zych, Allen D.
2004-10-01
The MEGA mission would enable a sensitive all-sky survey of the medium-energy ?-ray sky (0.3-50 MeV). This mission will bridge the huge sensitivity gap between the COMPTEL and OSSE experiments on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, the SPI and IBIS instruments on INTEGRAL and the visionary ACT mission. It will, among other things, serve to compile a much larger catalog of sources in this energy range, perform far deeper searches for supernovae, better measure the galactic continuum emission as well as identify the components of the cosmic diffuse emission. The large field of view will allow MEGA to continuously monitor the sky for transient and variable sources. It will accomplish these goals with a stack of Si-strip detector (SSD) planes surrounded by a dense high-Z calorimeter. At lower photon energies (below ~30 MeV), the design is sensitive to Compton interactions, with the SSD system serving as a scattering medium that also detects and measures the Compton recoil energy deposit. If the energy of the recoil electron is sufficiently high (> 2 MeV), the track of the recoil electron can also be defined. At higher photon energies (above ~10 MeV), the design is sensitive to pair production events, with the SSD system measuring the tracks of the electron and positron. We will discuss the various types of event signatures in detail and describe the advantages of this design over previous Compton telescope designs. Effective area, sensitivity and resolving power estimates are also presented along with simulations of expected scientific results and beam calibration results from the prototype instrument.
FERMILAB CRYOMODULE TEST STAND RF INTERLOCK SYSTEM
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Petersen, Troy; Diamond, J. S.; McDowell, D.
2016-10-12
An interlock system has been designed for the Fermilab Cryo-module Test Stand (CMTS), a test bed for the cryo- modules to be used in the upcoming Linac Coherent Light Source 2 (LCLS-II) project at SLAC. The interlock system features 8 independent subsystems, one per superconducting RF cavity and solid state amplifier (SSA) pair. Each system monitors several devices to detect fault conditions such as arcing in the waveguides or quenching of the SRF system. Additionally each system can detect fault conditions by monitoring the RF power seen at the cavity coupler through a directional coupler. In the event of amore » fault condition, each system is capable of removing RF signal to the amplifier (via a fast RF switch) as well as turning off the SSA. Additionally, each input signal is available for re- mote viewing and recording via a Fermilab designed digitizer board and MVME 5500 processor.« less
Development of Cogging at the Fermilab Booster
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Seiya, K.; Chaurize, S.; Drennan, C.
2015-01-30
The development of magnetic cogging is part of the Fermilab Booster upgrade within the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP). The Booster is going to send 2.25E17 protons/hour which is almost double the present flux, 1.4E17 protons/hour to the Main Injector (MI) and Recycler (RR). The extraction kicker gap has to synchronize to the MI and RR injection bucket in order to avoid a beam loss at the rising edge of the extraction and injection kickers. Magnetic cogging is able to control the revolution frequency and the position of the gap using the magnetic field from dipole correctors while radial position feedbackmore » keeps the beam at the central orbit. The new cogging is expected to reduce beam loss due to the orbit changes and reduce beam energy loss when the gap is created. The progress of the magnetic cogging system development is going to be discussed in this paper.« less
The Muon g - 2 experiment at Fermilab
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mott, James; Muon g - 2 experiment
2017-06-01
The Muon g - 2 experiment at Fermilab will measure the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon to a precision of 140 ppb, reducing the experimental uncertainty by a factor of 4 compared to the previous measurement at BNL (E821). The measurement technique adopts the storage ring concept used for E821, with magic-momentum muons stored in a highly uniform 1.45 T magnetic dipole field. The spin precession frequency is extracted from an analysis of the modulation of the rate of higher-energy positrons from muon decays, detected by 24 calorimeters and 3 straw tracking detectors. Compared to the E821 experiment, muon beam preparation, storage ring internal hardware, field measuring equipment, and detector and electronics systems are all new or significantly upgraded. Herein, I report on the status of the experiment as of Sept. 2016, presenting the magnetic field uniformity results after the completion of the first round of shimming and outlining the construction progress of the main detector systems.
Hentz, A; Parkinson, G S; Quinn, P D; Muñoz-Márquez, M A; Woodruff, D P; Grande, P L; Schiwietz, G; Bailey, P; Noakes, T C Q
2009-03-06
The energy spectrum associated with scattering of 100 keV H+ ions from the outermost few atomic layers of Cu(111) in different scattering geometries provides direct evidence of trajectory-dependent electronic energy loss. Theoretical simulations, combining standard Monte Carlo calculations of the elastic scattering trajectories with coupled-channel calculations to describe inner-shell ionization and excitation as a function of impact parameter, reproduce the effects well and provide a means for far more complete analysis of medium-energy ion scattering data.
The Science Training Program for Young Italian Physicists and Engineers at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Barzi, Emanuela; Bellettini, Giorgio; Donati, Simone
2015-03-12
Since 1984 Fermilab has been hosting a two-month summer training program for selected undergraduate and graduate Italian students in physics and engineering. Building on the traditional close collaboration between the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) and Fermilab, the program is supported by INFN, by the DOE and by the Scuola Superiore di Sant`Anna of Pisa (SSSA), and is run by the Cultural Association of Italians at Fermilab (CAIF). This year the University of Pisa has qualified it as a “University of Pisa Summer School”, and will grant successful students with European Supplementary Credits. Physics students join the Fermilabmore » HEP research groups, while engineers join the Particle Physics, Accelerator, Technical, and Computing Divisions. Some students have also been sent to other U.S. laboratories and universities for special trainings. The programs cover topics of great interest for science and for social applications in general, like advanced computing, distributed data analysis, nanoelectronics, particle detectors for earth and space experiments, high precision mechanics, applied superconductivity. In the years, over 350 students have been trained and are now employed in the most diverse fields in Italy, Europe, and the U.S. In addition, the existing Laurea Program in Fermilab Technical Division was extended to the whole laboratory, with presently two students in Master’s thesis programs on neutrino physics and detectors in the Neutrino Division. And finally, a joint venture with the Italian Scientists and Scholars North-America Foundation (ISSNAF) provided this year 4 professional engineers free of charge for Fermilab. More details on all of the above can be found below.« less
Centaurus X-3 - New low- and medium-energy X-ray observations
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Long, K.; Agrawal, P. C.; Garmire, G.
1975-01-01
Low- and medium-energy X-ray observations of Cen X-3 during two pointed sounding-rocket experiments are discussed. The lack of low-energy emission from Cen X-3 is consistent with the identification of Krzeminski's star as the optical counterpart of Cen X-3 and normal reddening, in contrast to an earlier measurement by Bleeker et al (1973).
The New Muon g₋2 experiment at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Venanzoni, Graziano
2016-06-02
There is a long standing discrepancy between the Standard Model prediction for the muon g-2 and the value measured by the Brookhaven E821 Experiment. At present the discrepancy stands at about three standard deviations, with a comparable accuracy between experiment and theory. Two new proposals -- at Fermilab and J-PARC -- plan to improve the experimental uncertainty by a factor of 4, and it is expected that there will be a significant reduction in the uncertainty of the Standard Model prediction. I will review the status of the planned experiment at Fermilab, E989, which will analyse 21 times more muonsmore » than the BNL experiment and discuss how the systematic uncertainty will be reduced by a factor of 3 such that a precision of 0.14 ppm can be achieved.« less
Saoulidou, Niki
2017-12-09
Neutrino oscillations provide the first evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model. I will briefly overview the neutrino "hi-story", describing key discoveries over the past decades that shaped our understanding of neutrinos and their behavior. Fermilab was, is and hopefully will be at the forefront of the accelerator neutrino experiments. NuMI, the most powerful accelerator neutrino beam in the world has ushered us into the era of precise measurements. Its further upgrades may give a chance to tackle the remaining mysteries of the neutrino mass hierarchy and possible CP violation.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kasahara, S.; Yokota, S.; Mitani, T.; Asamura, K.; Hirahara, M.; Shibano, Y.; Yamamoto, K.; Takashima, T.
2017-12-01
ERG (Exploration of energization and Radiation in Geospace) is the geospace exploration spacecraft, which was launched on 20 December 2016. The mission goal is to unveil the physics behind the drastic radiation belt variability during space storms. One of key observations is the measurement of ions and electrons in the medium-energy range (10-200 keV), since these particles excite EMIC, magnetosonic, and whistler waves, which are theoretically suggested to play significant roles in the relativistic electron acceleration and loss. Medium-Energy Particle experiments - electron analyser (MEP-e) measures the energy and the direction of each incoming electron in the range of 7 to 87 keV. The sensor covers 2π radian disk-like field-of-view with 16 detectors, and the solid angle coverage is achieved by using spacecraft spin motion. The electron energy is independently measured by an electrostatic analyser and avalanche photodiodes, enabling the significant background reduction. Medium-Energy Particle experiments - ion mass analyzer (MEP-i) measures the energy, mass, and charge state of the direction of each incoming ion in the medium-energy range (<10 to >180 keV/q). MEP-i thus provides the velocity distribution functions of medium-energy ions (e.g., protons and oxygens), from which we can obtain significant information on local ion energization and pitch angle scattering in the inner magnetosphere. Heavy ion measurements can also play an important role to restrict global mass transport including the ionosphere and the plasmasheet. Here we show the technical approaches, data output, and highlights of initial observations.
Photoproduction of charm particles at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Cumalat, John P.
A brief description of the Fermilab Photoproduction Experiment E831 or FOCUS is presented. The experiment concentrates on the reconstruction of charm particles. The FOCUS collaboration has participants from several Central American and Latin American institutions; CINVESTAV and Universidad Autonoma de Puebla from Mexico, University of Puerto Rico from the United States, and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas in Rio de Janeiro from Brasil.
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economy are driven by scientific and technological innovations. We want a strong future and must support our future scientists and their teachers now. We need a scientifically literate and aware society create new, innovative science education programs and make the best use of unique Fermilab resources
Terahertz and Optical Measurement Apparatus for the Fermilab ASTA Injector
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Thurman-Keup, R.; Lumpkin, A. H.; Thangaraj, J.
2014-01-01
ASTA is a facility at Fermilab that, once completed, will consist of a photoinjector with two superconducting capture cavities, at least one superconducting ILC-style cryomodule, and a small ring for studying non-linear, integrable beam optics. This paper discusses the layout for the optical transport system that will provide THz radiation to a Martin-Puplett interferometer for bunch length measurements as well as optical radiation to an externally located streak camera, also for bunch length measurements. It will be able to accept radiation from two synchrotron radiation ports in the bunch compressor, a diffraction/transition radiation screen downstream of the compressor, and amore » transition radiation screen after the spectrometer magnet for measurements of energy-time correlations.« less
Run control techniques for the Fermilab DART data acquisition system
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Oleynik, G.; Engelfried, J.; Mengel, L.
1995-10-01
DART is the high speed, Unix based data acquisition system being developed by the Fermilab Computing Division in collaboration with eight High Energy Physics Experiments. This paper describes DART run-control which implements flexible, distributed, extensible and portable paradigms for the control and monitoring of data acquisition systems. We discuss the unique and interesting aspects of the run-control - why we chose the concepts we did, the benefits we have seen from the choices we made, as well as our experiences in deploying and supporting it for experiments during their commissioning and sub-system testing phases. We emphasize the software and techniquesmore » we believe are extensible to future use, and potential future modifications and extensions for those we feel are not.« less
Theoretical Astrophysics at Fermilab
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
2004-01-01
The Theoretical Astrophysics Group works on a broad range of topics ranging from string theory to data analysis in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The group is motivated by the belief that a deep understanding of fundamental physics is necessary to explain a wide variety of phenomena in the universe. During the three years 2001-2003 of our previous NASA grant, over 120 papers were written; ten of our postdocs went on to faculty positions; and we hosted or organized many workshops and conferences. Kolb and collaborators focused on the early universe, in particular and models and ramifications of the theory of inflation. They also studied models with extra dimensions, new types of dark matter, and the second order effects of super-horizon perturbations. S tebbins, Frieman, Hui, and Dodelson worked on phenomenological cosmology, extracting cosmological constraints from surveys such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. They also worked on theoretical topics such as weak lensing, reionization, and dark energy. This work has proved important to a number of experimental groups [including those at Fermilab] planning future observations. In general, the work of the Theoretical Astrophysics Group has served as a catalyst for experimental projects at Fennilab. An example of this is the Joint Dark Energy Mission. Fennilab is now a member of SNAP, and much of the work done here is by people formerly working on the accelerator. We have created an environment where many of these people made transition from physics to astronomy. We also worked on many other topics related to NASA s focus: cosmic rays, dark matter, the Sunyaev-Zel dovich effect, the galaxy distribution in the universe, and the Lyman alpha forest. The group organized and hosted a number of conferences and workshop over the years covered by the grant. Among them were:
Fermilab | Tevatron | Tevatron Symposium | Travel and Lodging
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Fermilab | Science | Inquiring Minds | Questions About Physics
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Observation of Instabilities of Coherent Transverse Ocillations in the Fermilab Booster
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Alexahin, Y.; Eddy, N.; Gianfelice-Wendt, E.
2012-05-01
The Fermilab Booster - built more than 40 years ago - operates well above the design proton beam intensity of 4 {center_dot} 10{sup 12} ppp. Still, the Fermilab neutrino experiments call for even higher intensity exceeding 5.5 {center_dot} 10{sup 12} ppp. A multitude of intensity related effects must be overcome in order to meet this goal including suppression of coherent dipole instabilities of transverse oscillations which manifest themselves as a sudden drop in the beam current. In this report we present the results of observation of these instabilities at different tune, coupling and chromaticity settings and discuss possible cures.
Celebrating 30 Years of K-12 Educational Programming at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Bardeen, M.; Cooke, M.P.; /Fermilab
In 1980 Leon Lederman started Saturday Morning Physics with a handful of volunteer physicists, around 300 students and all the physics teachers who tagged along. Today Fermilab offers over 30 programs annually with help from 250 staff volunteers and 50 educators, and serves around 40,000 students and 2,500 teachers. Find out why we bother. Over the years we have learned to take advantage of opportunities and confront challenges to offer effective programs for teachers and students alike. We offer research experiences for secondary school teachers and high school students. We collaborate with educators to design and run programs that meetmore » their needs and interests. Popular school programs include classroom presentations, experience-based field trips, and high school tours. Through our work in QuarkNet and I2U2, we make real particle physics data available to high school students in datadriven activities as well as masterclasses and e-Labs. Our professional development activities include a Teacher Resource Center and workshops where teachers participate in authentic learning experiences as their students would. We offer informal classes for kids and host events where children and adults enjoy the world of science. Our website hosts a wealth of online resources. Funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation and Fermilab Friends for Science Education, our programs reach out across Illinois, throughout the United States and even around the world. We will review the program portfolio and share comments from the volunteers and participants.« less
BPM System for Electron Cooling in the Fermilab Recycler Ring
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Joireman, Paul W.; Cai, Jerry; Chase, Brian E.
2004-11-10
We report a VXI based system used to acquire and process BPM data for the electron cooling system in the Fermilab Recycler ring. The BPM system supports acquisition of data from 19 BPM locations in five different sections of the electron cooling apparatus. Beam positions for both electrons and anti-protons can be detected simultaneously with a resolution of {+-}50 {mu}m. We calibrate the system independently for each beam type at each BPM location. We describe the system components, signal processing and modes of operation used in support of the electron-cooling project and present experimental results of system performance for themore » developmental electron cooling installation at Fermilab.« less
Optimized undulator to generate low energy photons from medium to high energy accelerators
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chung, Ting-Yi; Chiu, Mau-Sen; Luo, Hao-Wen; Yang, Chin-Kang; Huang, Jui-Che; Jan, Jyh-Chyuan; Hwang, Ching-Shiang
2017-07-01
While emitting low energy photons from a medium or high energy storage ring, the on-axis heat load on the beam line optics can become a critical issue. In addition, the heat load in the bending magnet chamber, especially in the vertical and circular polarization mode of operation may cause some concern. In this work, we compare the heat loads for the APPLE-II and the Knot-APPLE, both optimized to emit 10 eV photons from the 3 GeV TPS. Under this constraint the heat load analysis, synchrotron radiation performance and features in various polarization modes are presented. Additional consideration is given to beam dynamics effect.
Development of the Advanced Energetic Pair Telescope (AdEPT) for Medium-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Hunter, Stanley D.; Bloser, Peter F.; Dion, Michael P.; McConnell, Mark L.; deNolfo, Georgia A.; Son, Seunghee; Ryan, James M.; Stecker, Floyd W.
2011-01-01
Progress in high-energy gamma-ray science has been dramatic since the launch of INTEGRAL, AGILE and FERMI. These instruments, however, are not optimized for observations in the medium-energy (approx.0.3< E(sub gamma)< approx.200 MeV) regime where many astrophysical objects exhibit unique, transitory behavior, such as spectral breaks, bursts, and flares. We outline some of the major science goals of a medium-energy mission. These science goals are best achieved with a combination of two telescopes, a Compton telescope and a pair telescope, optimized to provide significant improvements in angular resolution and sensitivity. In this paper we describe the design of the Advanced Energetic Pair Telescope (AdEPT) based on the Three-Dimensional Track Imager (3-DTI) detector. This technology achieves excellent, medium-energy sensitivity, angular resolution near the kinematic limit, and gamma-ray polarization sensitivity, by high resolution 3-D electron tracking. We describe the performance of a 30x30x30 cm3 prototype of the AdEPT instrument.
The Muon g $-$ 2 experiment at Fermilab
Mott, James
2017-06-21
Here, the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab will measure the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon to a precision of 140 ppb, reducing the experimental uncertainty by a factor of 4 compared to the previous measurement at BNL (E821). The measurement technique adopts the storage ring concept used for E821, with magic-momentum muons stored in a highly uniform 1.45 T magnetic dipole field. The spin precession frequency is extracted from an analysis of the modulation of the rate of higher-energy positrons from muon decays, detected by 24 calorimeters and 3 straw tracking detectors. Compared to the E821 experiment, muon beammore » preparation, storage ring internal hardware, field measuring equipment, and detector and electronics systems are all new or significantly upgraded. Herein, I report on the status of the experiment as of Sept. 2016, presenting the magnetic field uniformity results after the completion of the first round of shimming and outlining the construction progress of the main detector systems.« less
The Muon g $-$ 2 experiment at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Mott, James
Here, the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab will measure the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon to a precision of 140 ppb, reducing the experimental uncertainty by a factor of 4 compared to the previous measurement at BNL (E821). The measurement technique adopts the storage ring concept used for E821, with magic-momentum muons stored in a highly uniform 1.45 T magnetic dipole field. The spin precession frequency is extracted from an analysis of the modulation of the rate of higher-energy positrons from muon decays, detected by 24 calorimeters and 3 straw tracking detectors. Compared to the E821 experiment, muon beammore » preparation, storage ring internal hardware, field measuring equipment, and detector and electronics systems are all new or significantly upgraded. Herein, I report on the status of the experiment as of Sept. 2016, presenting the magnetic field uniformity results after the completion of the first round of shimming and outlining the construction progress of the main detector systems.« less
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Timm, S.; Cooper, G.; Fuess, S.; Garzoglio, G.; Holzman, B.; Kennedy, R.; Grassano, D.; Tiradani, A.; Krishnamurthy, R.; Vinayagam, S.; Raicu, I.; Wu, H.; Ren, S.; Noh, S.-Y.
2017-10-01
The Fermilab HEPCloud Facility Project has as its goal to extend the current Fermilab facility interface to provide transparent access to disparate resources including commercial and community clouds, grid federations, and HPC centers. This facility enables experiments to perform the full spectrum of computing tasks, including data-intensive simulation and reconstruction. We have evaluated the use of the commercial cloud to provide elasticity to respond to peaks of demand without overprovisioning local resources. Full scale data-intensive workflows have been successfully completed on Amazon Web Services for two High Energy Physics Experiments, CMS and NOνA, at the scale of 58000 simultaneous cores. This paper describes the significant improvements that were made to the virtual machine provisioning system, code caching system, and data movement system to accomplish this work. The virtual image provisioning and contextualization service was extended to multiple AWS regions, and to support experiment-specific data configurations. A prototype Decision Engine was written to determine the optimal availability zone and instance type to run on, minimizing cost and job interruptions. We have deployed a scalable on-demand caching service to deliver code and database information to jobs running on the commercial cloud. It uses the frontiersquid server and CERN VM File System (CVMFS) clients on EC2 instances and utilizes various services provided by AWS to build the infrastructure (stack). We discuss the architecture and load testing benchmarks on the squid servers. We also describe various approaches that were evaluated to transport experimental data to and from the cloud, and the optimal solutions that were used for the bulk of the data transport. Finally, we summarize lessons learned from this scale test, and our future plans to expand and improve the Fermilab HEP Cloud Facility.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Timm, S.; Cooper, G.; Fuess, S.
The Fermilab HEPCloud Facility Project has as its goal to extend the current Fermilab facility interface to provide transparent access to disparate resources including commercial and community clouds, grid federations, and HPC centers. This facility enables experiments to perform the full spectrum of computing tasks, including data-intensive simulation and reconstruction. We have evaluated the use of the commercial cloud to provide elasticity to respond to peaks of demand without overprovisioning local resources. Full scale data-intensive workflows have been successfully completed on Amazon Web Services for two High Energy Physics Experiments, CMS and NOνA, at the scale of 58000 simultaneous cores.more » This paper describes the significant improvements that were made to the virtual machine provisioning system, code caching system, and data movement system to accomplish this work. The virtual image provisioning and contextualization service was extended to multiple AWS regions, and to support experiment-specific data configurations. A prototype Decision Engine was written to determine the optimal availability zone and instance type to run on, minimizing cost and job interruptions. We have deployed a scalable on-demand caching service to deliver code and database information to jobs running on the commercial cloud. It uses the frontiersquid server and CERN VM File System (CVMFS) clients on EC2 instances and utilizes various services provided by AWS to build the infrastructure (stack). We discuss the architecture and load testing benchmarks on the squid servers. We also describe various approaches that were evaluated to transport experimental data to and from the cloud, and the optimal solutions that were used for the bulk of the data transport. Finally, we summarize lessons learned from this scale test, and our future plans to expand and improve the Fermilab HEP Cloud Facility.« less
Fermilab Today | Tip of the Week Archive
flood safety tips June 15, 2015 Why are there so many species? June 8, 2015 Cybersecurity in the 11, 2015 May is Electrical Safety Month May 4, 2015 The last line of defense is you April 27, 2015 A ? Fire! April 6, 2015 What could possibly go wrong? March 30, 2015 Improving traffic safety at Fermilab
Fermilab Friends for Science Education | Join Us
Fermilab Prairie photo Saturday, September 17, 2011; 9:30 AM - 12:30 PM Have you ever walked through a native tallgrass forbs and grasses. As a member of FFSE, you are invited to a members-only tour of this rare ecosystem. Join prairie experts on a tour of the Margaret Pearson Interpretive Trail and the
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Nishimura, Tomoaki
2016-03-01
A computer simulation program for ion scattering and its graphical user interface (MEISwin) has been developed. Using this program, researchers have analyzed medium-energy ion scattering and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry at Ritsumeikan University since 1998, and at Rutgers University since 2007. The main features of the program are as follows: (1) stopping power can be chosen from five datasets spanning several decades (from 1977 to 2011), (2) straggling can be chosen from two datasets, (3) spectral shape can be selected as Gaussian or exponentially modified Gaussian, (4) scattering cross sections can be selected as Coulomb or screened, (5) simulations adopt the resonant elastic scattering cross section of 16O(4He, 4He)16O, (6) pileup simulation for RBS spectra is supported, (7) natural and specific isotope abundances are supported, and (8) the charge fraction can be chosen from three patterns (fixed, energy-dependent, and ion fraction with charge-exchange parameters for medium-energy ion scattering). This study demonstrates and discusses the simulations and their results.
Fermilab Education Office - Special Events for Students and Families
students and families. These include: null Fermilab Outdoor Family Fair (K-12) null Wonders of Science (2-7 ) null Family Open House (3-12) null STEM Career Expo (9-12) Search Programs - Search Science Adventures
Energy spectrum of medium energy gamma-rays from the galactic center region. [experimental design
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Palmeira, R. A. R.; Ramanujarao, K.; Dutra, S. L. G.; Bertsch, D. L.; Kniffen, D. A.; Morris, D. J.
1978-01-01
A balloon-borne magnetic core digitized spark chamber with two assemblies of spark-chambers above and below the scintillation counters was used to measure the medium energy gamma ray flux from the galactic center region. Gamma ray calculations are based on the multiple scattering of the pair electrons in 15 aluminum plates interleaved in the spark chamber modules. Counting rates determined during ascent and at ceiling indicate the presence of diffuse component in this energy range. Preliminary results give an integral flux between 15 and 70 MeV compared to the differential points in other results.
Database usage and performance for the Fermilab Run II experiments
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Bonham, D.; Box, D.; Gallas, E.
2004-12-01
The Run II experiments at Fermilab, CDF and D0, have extensive database needs covering many areas of their online and offline operations. Delivering data to users and processing farms worldwide has represented major challenges to both experiments. The range of applications employing databases includes, calibration (conditions), trigger information, run configuration, run quality, luminosity, data management, and others. Oracle is the primary database product being used for these applications at Fermilab and some of its advanced features have been employed, such as table partitioning and replication. There is also experience with open source database products such as MySQL for secondary databasesmore » used, for example, in monitoring. Tools employed for monitoring the operation and diagnosing problems are also described.« less
High brightness gamma-ray production at Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Mihalcea, Daniel; Jacobson, B.; Murokh, A.
Electron beams with energies of the order of a few 100's of MeV and low transverse emittance, in combination with powerful infrared lasers, allow for the production of high quality gamma rays through Inverse Compton Scattering (ICS). At Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility, a 300 MeV beam will be used to generate gamma rays with maximum photon energies of up to ~1.5 MeV and brightness of the order of 10 21 photons/[s-(mm-mrad) 2- 0.1%BW]. Due to the low electron-beam transverse emittance, the relative bandwidth of the scattered radiation is expected to be ≤ 1%. A key challenge towardmore » the production of high radiation dose and brightness is to enhance the energy of the infrared 3 ps laser pulses to the joule level. Finally, in this contribution, we present the plans for the experimental setup, along with comprehensive numerical simulations of the ICS process.« less
High brightness gamma-ray production at Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility
Mihalcea, Daniel; Jacobson, B.; Murokh, A.; ...
2017-03-01
Electron beams with energies of the order of a few 100's of MeV and low transverse emittance, in combination with powerful infrared lasers, allow for the production of high quality gamma rays through Inverse Compton Scattering (ICS). At Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility, a 300 MeV beam will be used to generate gamma rays with maximum photon energies of up to ~1.5 MeV and brightness of the order of 10 21 photons/[s-(mm-mrad) 2- 0.1%BW]. Due to the low electron-beam transverse emittance, the relative bandwidth of the scattered radiation is expected to be ≤ 1%. A key challenge towardmore » the production of high radiation dose and brightness is to enhance the energy of the infrared 3 ps laser pulses to the joule level. Finally, in this contribution, we present the plans for the experimental setup, along with comprehensive numerical simulations of the ICS process.« less
Fermilab | Science | Particle Physics | Benefits of Particle Physics
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Traffic Adaptive Energy Efficient and Low Latency Medium Access Control for Wireless Sensor Networks
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Yadav, Rajesh; Varma, Shirshu; Malaviya, N.
2008-05-01
Medium access control for wireless sensor networks has been a very active research area in the recent years. The traditional wireless medium access control protocol such as IEEE 802.11 is not suitable for the sensor network application because these are battery powered. The recharging of these sensor nodes is expensive and also not possible. The most of the literature in the medium access for the sensor network focuses on the energy efficiency. The proposed MAC protocol solves the energy inefficiency caused by idle listening, control packet overhead and overhearing taking nodes latency into consideration based on the network traffic. Simulation experiments have been performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The validation of the simulation results of the proposed MAC has been done by comparing it with the analytical model. This protocol has been simulated in Network Simulator ns-2.
Fermilab | Science | Particle Accelerators | LHC and Future Accelerators
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The Fabric for Frontier Experiments Project at Fermilab
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kirby, Michael
2014-06-01
The FabrIc for Frontier Experiments (FIFE) project is a new, far-reaching initiative within the Fermilab Scientific Computing Division to drive the future of computing services for experiments at FNAL and elsewhere. It is a collaborative effort between computing professionals and experiment scientists to produce an end-to-end, fully integrated set of services for computing on the grid and clouds, managing data, accessing databases, and collaborating within experiments. FIFE includes 1) easy to use job submission services for processing physics tasks on the Open Science Grid and elsewhere; 2) an extensive data management system for managing local and remote caches, cataloging, querying, moving, and tracking the use of data; 3) custom and generic database applications for calibrations, beam information, and other purposes; 4) collaboration tools including an electronic log book, speakers bureau database, and experiment membership database. All of these aspects will be discussed in detail. FIFE sets the direction of computing at Fermilab experiments now and in the future, and therefore is a major driver in the design of computing services worldwide.
The Fabric for Frontier Experiments Project at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Kirby, Michael
2014-01-01
The FabrIc for Frontier Experiments (FIFE) project is a new, far-reaching initiative within the Fermilab Scientific Computing Division to drive the future of computing services for experiments at FNAL and elsewhere. It is a collaborative effort between computing professionals and experiment scientists to produce an end-to-end, fully integrated set of services for computing on the grid and clouds, managing data, accessing databases, and collaborating within experiments. FIFE includes 1) easy to use job submission services for processing physics tasks on the Open Science Grid and elsewhere, 2) an extensive data management system for managing local and remote caches, cataloging, querying,more » moving, and tracking the use of data, 3) custom and generic database applications for calibrations, beam information, and other purposes, 4) collaboration tools including an electronic log book, speakers bureau database, and experiment membership database. All of these aspects will be discussed in detail. FIFE sets the direction of computing at Fermilab experiments now and in the future, and therefore is a major driver in the design of computing services worldwide.« less
Fermilab Test Beam Facility Annual Report. FY 2014
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Brandt, A.
2015-01-01
Fermilab Test Beam Facility (FTBF) operations are summarized for FY 2014. It is one of a series of publications intended to gather information in one place. In this case, the information concerns the individual experiments that ran at FTBF. Each experiment section was prepared by the relevant authors, and was edited for inclusion in this summary.
e-Alert from Fermilab Education Office November 2014 - Spring 2015
math enrichment classes. Fermilab Friends for Science Education offers scholarships for teachers to out our new space for curriculum committees to examine the breadth of up-to-date K-12 math and science
Cryomdoule Test Stand Reduced-Magnetic Support Design at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
McGee, Mike; Chandrasekaran, Saravan Kumar; Crawford, Anthony
2016-06-01
In a partnership with SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC) and Jefferson Lab, Fermilab will assemble and test 17 of the 35 total 1.3 GHz cryomodules for the Linac Coherent Light Source II (LCLS-II) Project. These devices will be tested at Fermilab's Cryomodule Test Facility (CMTF) within the Cryomodule Test Stand (CMTS-1) cave. The problem of magnetic pollution became one of major issues during design stage of the LCLS-II cryomodule as the average quality factor of the accelerating cavities is specified to be 2.7 x 10¹⁰. One of the possible ways to mitigate the effect of stray magnetic fields and tomore » keep it below the goal of 5 mGauss involves the application of low permeable materials. Initial permeability and magnetic measurement studies regarding the use of 316L stainless steel material indicated that cold work (machining) and heat affected zones from welding would be acceptable.« less
Electron Lens Construction for the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
McGee, Mike; Carlson, Kermit; Nobrega, Lucy
The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) is proposed for operation at Fermilab. The goal of IOTA is to create practical nonlinear accelerator focusing systems with a large frequency spread and stable particle motion. The IOTA is a 40 m circumference, 150 MeV (e-), 2.5 MeV (p⁺) diagnostic test ring. Construction of an electron lens for IOTA is necessary for both electron and proton operation. Components required for the Electron Lens design include; a 0.8 T conventional water-cooled main solenoid, and magnetic bending and focusing elements. The foundation of the design relies on repurposing the Fermilab Tevatron Electron Lens II (TELII)more » gun and collector under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions.« less
Fermilab Testbeam Facility Annual Report – FY 2016
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Albrow, M. G.
2016-11-01
This Technical Memorandum (TM) summarizes the Fermilab Test Beam operations for FY 2015. It is one of a series of annual publications intended to gather information in one place. In this case, the information concerns the individual experiments that ran at FTBF, which are tabulated. Each experiment section was prepared by the relevant authors, and was edited for inclusion in this summary.
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Synchrotron radiation based beam diagnostics at the Fermilab Tevatron
Thurman-Keup, R.; Cheung, H. W. K.; Hahn, A.; ...
2011-09-16
Synchrotron radiation has been used for many years as a beam diagnostic at electron accelerators. It is not normally associated with proton accelerators as the intensity of the radiation is too weak to make detection practical. Therefore, if one utilizes the radiation originating near the edge of a bending magnet, or from a short magnet, the rapidly changing magnetic field serves to enhance the wavelengths shorter than the cutoff wavelength, which for more recent high energy proton accelerators such as Fermilab's Tevatron, tends to be visible light. This paper discusses the implementation at the Tevatron of two devices. A transversemore » beam profile monitor images the synchrotron radiation coming from the proton and antiproton beams separately and provides profile data for each bunch. A second monitor measures the low-level intensity of beam in the abort gaps which poses a danger to both the accelerator's superconducting magnets and the silicon detectors of the high energy physics experiments. Comparisons of measurements from the profile monitor to measurements from the flying wire profile systems are presented as are a number of examples of the application of the profile and abort gap intensity measurements to the modelling of Tevatron beam dynamics.« less
Fermilab Heroes of the LHC: Steve Nahn and Vivian O’Dell
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Nahn, Steve; O’Dell, Vivian
2017-09-11
The experiments based at the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland are undergoing a constant series of upgrades. Fermilab scientists Steve Nahn and Vivian O’Dell lead these upgrade efforts in the United States.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Hunter, Stanley D.
2011-01-01
Gamma-ray astrophysics probes the highest energy, exotic phenomena in astrophysics. In the medium-energy regime, 0.1-200 MeV, many astrophysical objects exhibit unique and transitory behavior such as the transition from electron dominated to hadron dominated processes, spectral breaks, bursts, and flares. Medium-energy gamma-ray imaging however, continues to be a major challenge particularly because of high background, low effective area, and low source intensities. The sensitivity and angular resolution required to address these challenges requires a leap in technology. The Advance Energetic Pair Telescope (AdEPT) being developed at GSFC is designed to image gamma rays above 5 MeV via pair production with angular resolution of 1-10 deg. In addition AdEPT will, for the first time, provide high polarization sensitivity in this energy range. This performance is achieved by reducing the effective area in favor of enhanced angular resolution through the use of a low-density gaseous conversion medium. AdEPT is based on the Three-Dimensional Track Imager (3-DTI) technology that combines a large volume Negative Ion Time Projection Chamber (NITPC) with 2-D Micro-Well Detector (MWD) readout. I will review the major science topics addressable with medium-energy gamma-rays and discuss the current status of the AdEPT technology, a proposed balloon instrument, and the design of a future satellite mission.
Antiproton acceleration in the Fermilab Main Ring and Tevatron
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Martin, P.; Dinkel, J.; Ducar, R.
1987-03-01
The operation of the Fermilab Main Ring and Tevatron rf systems for colliding beams physics is discussed. The changes in the rf feedback system required for the accelration of antiprotons, and the methods for achieving proper transfer of both protons and antiprotons are described. Data on acceleration and transfer efficiencies are presented.
Installation Status of the Electron Beam Profiler for the Fermilab Main Injector
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Thurman-Keup, R.; Alvarez, M.; Fitzgerald, J.
2015-11-06
The planned neutrino program at Fermilab requires large proton beam intensities in excess of 2 MW. Measuring the transverse profiles of these high intensity beams is challenging and often depends on non-invasive techniques. One such technique involves measuring the deflection of a probe beam of electrons with a trajectory perpendicular to the proton beam. A device such as this is already in use at the Spallation Neutron Source at ORNL and the installation of a similar device is underway in the Main Injector at Fermilab. The present installation status of the electron beam profiler for the Main Injector will bemore » discussed together with some simulations and test stand results.« less
Free energy of a heavy quark-antiquark pair in a thermal medium from AdS/CFT
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ewerz, Carlo; Kaczmarek, Olaf; Samberg, Andreas
2018-03-01
We study the free energy of a heavy quark-antiquark pair in a thermal medium using the AdS/CFT correspondence. We point out that a commonly used prescription for calculating this quantity leads to a temperature dependence in conflict with general properties of the free energy. The problem originates from a particular way of subtracting divergences. We argue that the commonly used prescription gives rise to the binding energy rather than the free energy. We consider a different subtraction procedure and show that the resulting free energy is well-behaved and in qualitative agreement with results from lattice QCD. The free energy and the binding energy of the quark pair are computed for N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and several non-conformal theories. We also calculate the entropy and the internal energy of the pair in these theories. Using the consistent subtraction, we further study the free energy, entropy, and internal energy of a single heavy quark in the thermal medium for various theories. Also here the results are found to be in qualitative agreement with lattice QCD results.
Fermilab Testbeam Facility Annual Report – FY 2015
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Albrow, M. G.
2015-11-01
This Technical Memorandum (TM) summarizes the Fermilab Test Beam operations for FY 2015. It is one of a series of annual publications intended to gather information in one place. In this case, the information concerns the individual experiments that ran at FTBF and are listed in Table TB-1. Each experiment section was prepared by the relevant authors, and was edited for inclusion in this summary.
Fermilab Test Beam Facility Annual Report FY17
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Rominsky, M.; Schmidt, E.; Rivera, R.
This Technical Memorandum (TM) summarizes the Fermilab Test Beam operations for FY2017. It is one of a series of annual publications intended to gather information in one place. In this case, the information concerns the individual experiments that ran at FTBF and are listed in Table 1. Each experiment section was prepared by the relevant authors, and was edited for inclusion in this summary.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gorringe, Tim
2018-05-01
The Fermilab muon g-2 experiment will measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment aμ to 140 ppb - a four-fold improvement over the earlier Brookhaven experiment. The measurement of aμ is well known as a unique test of the standard model with broad sensitivity to new interactions, particles and phenomena. The goal of 140 ppb is commensurate with ongoing improvements in the SM prediction of the anomalous moment and addresses the longstanding 3.5σ discrepancy between the BNL result and the SM prediction. In this article I discuss the physics motivation and experimental technique for measuring aμ, and the current status and the future work for the project.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Gorringe, Tim
The Fermilab muon g-2 experiment will measure the muon anomalous magnetic momentmore » $$a_{\\mu}$$ to 140 ppb – a four-fold improvement over the earlier Brookhaven experiment. The measurement of $$a_{\\mu}$$ is well known as a unique test of the standard model with broad sensitivity to new interactions, particles and phenomena. The goal of 140 ppb is commensurate with ongoing improvements in the SM prediction of the anomalous moment and addresses the longstanding 3.5$$\\sigma$$ discrepancy between the BNL result and the SM prediction. In this article I discuss the physics motivation and experimental technique for measuring $$a_{\\mu}$$, and the current status and the future work for the project.« less
The 'last mile' of data handling: Fermilab's IFDH tools
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Lyon, Adam L.; Mengel, Marc W.
2014-01-01
IFDH (Intensity Frontier Data Handling), is a suite of tools for data movement tasks for Fermilab experiments and is an important part of the FIFE[2] (Fabric for Intensity Frontier [1] Experiments) initiative described at this conference. IFDH encompasses moving input data from caches or storage elements to compute nodes (the 'last mile' of data movement) and moving output data potentially to those caches as part of the journey back to the user. IFDH also involves throttling and locking to ensure that large numbers of jobs do not cause data movement bottlenecks. IFDH is realized as an easy to use layermore » that users call in their job scripts (e.g. 'ifdh cp'), hiding the low level data movement tools. One advantage of this layer is that the underlying low level tools can be selected or changed without the need for the user to alter their scripts. Logging and performance monitoring can also be added easily. This system will be presented in detail as well as its impact on the ease of data handling at Fermilab experiments.« less
Energy and mass balance in the three-phase interstellar medium
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Wang, Zhong; Cowie, Lennox L.
1988-01-01
Details of the energy and mass balances are considered in the context of a three-phase interstellar medium. The rates of mass exchange between the different phases are derived based on the pressure variations created by supernova remnant expansions. It is shown that the pressure-confined warm and cold gases have stable temperatures under a variety of interstellar conditions. The three-phase quasi-static configuration is found to be a natural outcome, and both warm and cold phases generally contribute about half of the total mass density to the diffuse interstellar gas. The model is also likely to be self-regulatory in the sense that variations of the input parameters do not strongly alter the general result, which is consistent with most current observations. The consequences of extreme conditions on this model are considered, and the possible implications for interstellar medium in other galaxies are briefly discussed.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Awida, Mohamed H.; Passarelli, Donato; Berrutti, Paolo
A total of ten jacketed single-spoke resonators type 1 (SSR1) have been fabricated for Fermilab' injection experiment (PIP2IT). PIP2IT is a test bed for Fermilab's future accelerator named proton improvement plan II that is currently under development. SSR1 cavities operate at 325 MHz to accelerate a proton beam at a relative (to speed of light) velocity (β = 0.22). In this study, we present Fermilab's experience in developing those spoke resonators starting from the design and analysis phase, to fabrication and extensive testing to qualify cavities for cryomodule assembly.
Awida, Mohamed H.; Passarelli, Donato; Berrutti, Paolo; ...
2017-08-18
A total of ten jacketed single-spoke resonators type 1 (SSR1) have been fabricated for Fermilab' injection experiment (PIP2IT). PIP2IT is a test bed for Fermilab's future accelerator named proton improvement plan II that is currently under development. SSR1 cavities operate at 325 MHz to accelerate a proton beam at a relative (to speed of light) velocity (β = 0.22). In this study, we present Fermilab's experience in developing those spoke resonators starting from the design and analysis phase, to fabrication and extensive testing to qualify cavities for cryomodule assembly.
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab: A search for lepton flavor violation
Pezzullo, Gianantonio
2017-05-04
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for the charged lepton flavor violating process of neutrino-less μ→e coherent conversion in the field of an aluminum nucleus. About 7 ∙ 10 17 muons, provided by a dedicated muon beam line in construction at Fermilab, will be stopped in 3 years in the aluminum target. The corresponding single event sensitivity will be 2.5∙10 $-$17 . Here in this paper a brief overview of the physics explored by the μ→e conversion is given, followed by a description of the Mu2e experimental apparatus and the expected detector performance.
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Near-field thermal upconversion and energy transfer through a Kerr medium.
Khandekar, Chinmay; Rodriguez, Alejandro W
2017-09-18
We present an approach for achieving large Kerr χ (3) -mediated thermal energy transfer at the nanoscale that exploits a general coupled-mode description of triply resonant, four-wave mixing processes. We analyze the efficiency of thermal upconversion and energy transfer from mid- to near-infrared wavelengths in planar geometries involving two slabs supporting far-apart surface plasmon polaritons and separated by a nonlinear χ (3) medium that is irradiated by externally incident light. We study multiple geometric and material configurations and different classes of intervening mediums-either bulk or nanostructured lattices of nanoparticles embedded in nonlinear materials-designed to resonantly enhance the interaction of the incident light with thermal slab resonances. We find that even when the entire system is in thermodynamic equilibrium (at room temperature) and under typical drive intensities ~ W/μm 2 , the resulting upconversion rates can approach and even exceed thermal flux rates achieved in typical symmetric and non-equilibrium configurations of vacuum-separated slabs. The proposed nonlinear scheme could potentially be exploited to achieve thermal cooling and refrigeration at the nanoscale, and to actively control heat transfer between materials with dramatically different resonant responses.
Virtual Facility at Fermilab: Infrastructure and Services Expand to Public Clouds
Timm, Steve; Garzoglio, Gabriele; Cooper, Glenn; ...
2016-02-18
In preparation for its new Virtual Facility Project, Fermilab has launched a program of work to determine the requirements for running a computation facility on-site, in public clouds, or a combination of both. This program builds on the work we have done to successfully run experimental workflows of 1000-VM scale both on an on-site private cloud and on Amazon AWS. To do this at scale we deployed dynamically launched and discovered caching services on the cloud. We are now testing the deployment of more complicated services on Amazon AWS using native load balancing and auto scaling features they provide. Themore » Virtual Facility Project will design and develop a facility including infrastructure and services that can live on the site of Fermilab, off-site, or a combination of both. We expect to need this capacity to meet the peak computing requirements in the future. The Virtual Facility is intended to provision resources on the public cloud on behalf of the facility as a whole instead of having each experiment or Virtual Organization do it on their own. We will describe the policy aspects of a distributed Virtual Facility, the requirements, and plans to make a detailed comparison of the relative cost of the public and private clouds. Furthermore, this talk will present the details of the technical mechanisms we have developed to date, and the plans currently taking shape for a Virtual Facility at Fermilab.« less
Virtual Facility at Fermilab: Infrastructure and Services Expand to Public Clouds
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Timm, Steve; Garzoglio, Gabriele; Cooper, Glenn
In preparation for its new Virtual Facility Project, Fermilab has launched a program of work to determine the requirements for running a computation facility on-site, in public clouds, or a combination of both. This program builds on the work we have done to successfully run experimental workflows of 1000-VM scale both on an on-site private cloud and on Amazon AWS. To do this at scale we deployed dynamically launched and discovered caching services on the cloud. We are now testing the deployment of more complicated services on Amazon AWS using native load balancing and auto scaling features they provide. Themore » Virtual Facility Project will design and develop a facility including infrastructure and services that can live on the site of Fermilab, off-site, or a combination of both. We expect to need this capacity to meet the peak computing requirements in the future. The Virtual Facility is intended to provision resources on the public cloud on behalf of the facility as a whole instead of having each experiment or Virtual Organization do it on their own. We will describe the policy aspects of a distributed Virtual Facility, the requirements, and plans to make a detailed comparison of the relative cost of the public and private clouds. Furthermore, this talk will present the details of the technical mechanisms we have developed to date, and the plans currently taking shape for a Virtual Facility at Fermilab.« less
Improvements and Performance of the Fermilab Solenoid Test Facility
Orris, Darryl; Arnold, Don; Brandt, Jeffrey; ...
2017-06-01
Here, the Solenoid Test Facility at Fermilab was built using a large vacuum vessel for testing of conduction-cooled superconducting solenoid magnets, and was first used to determine the performance of the MICE Coupling Coil. The facility was modified recently to enable testing of solenoid magnets for the Mu2e experiment, which operate at much higher current than the Coupling Coil. One pair of low current conduction-cooled copper and NbTi leads was replaced with two pairs of 10 kA HTS leads cooled by heat exchange with liquid nitrogen and liquid helium. The new design, with additional control and monitoring capability, also providesmore » helium cooling of the superconducting magnet leads by conduction. A high current power supply with energy extraction was added, and several improvements to the quench protection and characterization system were made. Here we present details of these changes and report on performance results from a test of the Mu2e prototype Transport Solenoid (TS) module. Progress on additional improvements in preparation for production TS module testing will be presented.« less
Improvements and Performance of the Fermilab Solenoid Test Facility
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Orris, Darryl; Arnold, Don; Brandt, Jeffrey
Here, the Solenoid Test Facility at Fermilab was built using a large vacuum vessel for testing of conduction-cooled superconducting solenoid magnets, and was first used to determine the performance of the MICE Coupling Coil. The facility was modified recently to enable testing of solenoid magnets for the Mu2e experiment, which operate at much higher current than the Coupling Coil. One pair of low current conduction-cooled copper and NbTi leads was replaced with two pairs of 10 kA HTS leads cooled by heat exchange with liquid nitrogen and liquid helium. The new design, with additional control and monitoring capability, also providesmore » helium cooling of the superconducting magnet leads by conduction. A high current power supply with energy extraction was added, and several improvements to the quench protection and characterization system were made. Here we present details of these changes and report on performance results from a test of the Mu2e prototype Transport Solenoid (TS) module. Progress on additional improvements in preparation for production TS module testing will be presented.« less
Mathematical modeling of a Fermilab helium liquefier coldbox
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Geynisman, M.G.; Walker, R.J.
1995-12-01
Fermilab Central Helium Liquefier (CHL) facility is operated 24 hours-a-day to supply 4.6{degrees}K for the Fermilab Tevatron superconducting proton-antiproton collider Ring and to recover warm return gases. The centerpieces of the CHL are two independent cold boxes rated at 4000 and 5400 liters/hour with LN{sub 2} precool. These coldboxes are Claude cycle and have identical heat exchangers trains, but different turbo-expanders. The Tevatron cryogenics demand for higher helium supply from CHL was the driving force to investigate an installation of an expansion engine in place of the Joule-Thompson valve. A mathematical model was developed to describe the thermo- and gas-dynamicmore » processes for the equipment included in the helium coldbox. The model is based on a finite element approach, opposite to a global variables approach, thus providing for higher accuracy and conversion stability. Though the coefficients used in thermo- and gas-dynamic equations are unique for a given coldbox, the general approach, the equations, the methods of computations, and most of the subroutines written in FORTRAN can be readily applied to different coldboxes. The simulation results are compared against actual operating data to demonstrate applicability of the model.« less
The calorimeter of the Mu2e experiment at Fermilab
Atanov, N.; Baranov, V.; Budagov, J.; ...
2017-01-23
Here, the Mu2e experiment at Fermilab looks for Charged Lepton Flavor Violation (CLFV) improving by 4 orders of magnitude the current experimental sensitivity for the muon to electron conversion in a muonic atom. A positive signal could not be explained in the framework of the current Standard Model of particle interactions and therefore would be a clear indication of new physics. In 3 years of data taking, Mu2e is expected to observe less than one background event mimicking the electron coming from muon conversion. Achieving such a level of background suppression requires a deep knowledge of the experimental apparatus: amore » straw tube tracker, measuring the electron momentum and time, a cosmic ray veto system rejecting most of cosmic ray background and a pure CsI crystal calorimeter, that will measure time of flight, energy and impact position of the converted electron. The calorimeter has to operate in a harsh radiation environment, in a 10 -4 Torr vacuum and inside a 1 T magnetic field. The results of the first qualification tests of the calorimeter components are reported together with the energy and time performances expected from the simulation and measured in beam tests of a small scale prototype.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Church, M.; Edwards, H.; Harms, E.
2013-10-01
Fermilab is the nation’s particle physics laboratory, supported by the DOE Office of High Energy Physics (OHEP). Fermilab is a world leader in accelerators, with a demonstrated track-record— spanning four decades—of excellence in accelerator science and technology. We describe the significant opportunity to complete, in a highly leveraged manner, a unique accelerator research facility that supports the broad strategic goals in accelerator science and technology within the OHEP. While the US accelerator-based HEP program is oriented toward the Intensity Frontier, which requires modern superconducting linear accelerators and advanced highintensity storage rings, there are no accelerator test facilities that support themore » accelerator science of the Intensity Frontier. Further, nearly all proposed future accelerators for Discovery Science will rely on superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) acceleration, yet there are no dedicated test facilities to study SRF capabilities for beam acceleration and manipulation in prototypic conditions. Finally, there are a wide range of experiments and research programs beyond particle physics that require the unique beam parameters that will only be available at Fermilab’s Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA). To address these needs we submit this proposal for an Accelerator R&D User Facility at ASTA. The ASTA program is based on the capability provided by an SRF linac (which provides electron beams from 50 MeV to nearly 1 GeV) and a small storage ring (with the ability to store either electrons or protons) to enable a broad range of beam-based experiments to study fundamental limitations to beam intensity and to develop transformative approaches to particle-beam generation, acceleration and manipulation which cannot be done elsewhere. It will also establish a unique resource for R&D towards Energy Frontier facilities and a test-bed for SRF accelerators and high brightness beam applications in support of the
Beam-beam interaction study of medium energy eRHIC
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Hao,Y.; Litvinenko, V. N.; Ptitsyn, V.
Medium Energy eRHIC (MeRHIC), the first stage design of eRHIC, includes a multi-pass ERL that provides 4GeV high quality electron beam to collide with the ion beam of RHIC. It delivers a minimum luminosity of 10{sup 32} cm{sup -2}s{sup -1}. Beam-beam effects present one of major factors limiting the luminosity of colliders. In this paper, both beam-beam effects on the electron beam and the proton beam in MeRHIC are investigated. The beam-beam interaction can induce a head-tail type instability of the proton beam referred to as the kink instability. Thus, beam stability conditions should be established to avoid proton beammore » loss. Also, the electron beam transverse disruption by collisions has to be evaluated to ensure that the beam quality is good enough for the energy recovery pass. The relation of proton beam stability, electron disruption and consequential luminosity are carried out after thorough discussion.« less
Resistive Wall Growth Rate Measurements in the Fermilab Recycler
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Ainsworth, R.; Adamson, P.; Burov, A.
2016-10-05
Impedance could represent a limitation of running high intensity beams in the Fermilab recycler. With high intensity upgrades foreseen, it is important to quantify the impedance. To do this,studies have been performed measuring the growth rate of presumably the resistive wall instability. The growth rates at varying intensities and chromaticities are shown. The measured growth rates are compared to ones calculated with the resistive wall impedance.
Probing medium-induced jet splitting and energy loss in heavy-ion collisions
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chang, Ning-Bo; Cao, Shanshan; Qin, Guang-You
2018-06-01
The nuclear modification of jet splitting in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC energies is studied based on the higher twist formalism. Assuming coherent energy loss for the two splitted subjets, a non-monotonic jet energy dependence is found for the nuclear modification of jet splitting function: strongest modification at intermediate jet energies whereas weaker modification for larger or smaller jet energies. Combined with the smaller size and lower density of the QGP medium at RHIC than at the LHC, this helps to understand the groomed jet measurements from CMS and STAR Collaborations: strong modification of the momentum sharing zg distribution at the LHC and no obvious modification of zg distribution at RHIC. In addition, the observed nuclear modification pattern of the groomed jet zg distribution cannot be explained solely by independent energy loss of the two subjets. Our result may be tested in future measurements of groomed jets with lower jet energies at the LHC and larger jet energies at RHIC, for different angular separations between the two subjets.
Chiral magnetic currents with QGP medium response in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
She, Duan; Feng, Sheng-Qin; Zhong, Yang; Yin, Zhong-Bao
2018-03-01
We calculate the electromagnetic current with a more realistic approach in the RHIC and LHC energy regions in the article. We take the partons formation time as the initial time of the magnetic field response of QGP medium. The maximum electromagnetic current and the time-integrated current are two important characteristics of the chiral magnetic effect (CME), which can characterize the intensity and duration of fluctuations of CME. We consider the finite frequency response of CME to a time-varying magnetic field, find a significant impact from QGP medium feedback, and estimate the generated electromagnetic current as a function of time, beam energy and impact parameter.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Giaconia, Alberto; Montagnino, Fabio; Paredes, Filippo; Donato, Filippo; Caputo, Giampaolo; Mazzei, Domenico
2017-06-01
CSP technologies can be applied for distributed energy production, on small-medium plants (on the 1 MW scale), to satisfy the needs of local communities, buildings and districts. In this perspective, reliable, low-cost, and flexible small/medium multi-generative CSP plants should be developed. Four pilot plants have been built in four Mediterranean countries (Cyprus, Egypt, Jordan, and Italy) to demonstrate the approach. In this paper, the plant built in Italy is presented, with specific innovations applied in the linear Fresnel collector design and the Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system, based on a single the use of molten salts but specifically tailored for small scale plants.
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Contact Phone Book Newsroom Newsroom News and features Press releases Photo gallery Fact sheets and process For the media Video of shutdown event Guest book Tevatron Impact June 11, 2012 About the symposium Security, Privacy, Legal Use of Cookies Quick Links Home Contact Phone Book Fermilab at Work For Industry
Lost Muon Study for the Muon G-2 Experiment at Fermilab*
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Ganguly, S.; Crnkovic, J.; Morse, W. M.
The Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment has a goal of measuring the muon anomalous magnetic moment to a precision of 140 ppb - a fourfold improvement over the 540 ppb precision obtained by the BNL Muon g-2 Experiment. Some muons in the storage ring will interact with material and undergo bremsstrahlung, emitting radiation and loosing energy. These so called lost muons will curl in towards the center of the ring and be lost, but some of them will be detected by the calorimeters. A systematic error will arise if the lost muons have a different average spin phase than the storedmore » muons. Algorithms are being developed to estimate the relative number of lost muons, so as to optimize the stored muon beam. This study presents initial testing of algorithms that can be used to estimate the lost muons by using either double or triple detection coincidences in the calorimeters.« less
Feasibility of a medium-size central cogenerated energy facility, energy management memorandum
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Porter, R. W.
1982-09-01
The thermal-economic feasibility was studied of a medium-size central cogenerated energy facility designed to serve five varied industries. Generation options included one dual-fuel diesel and one gas turbine, both with waste heat boilers, and five fired boilers. Fuels included natural gas, and for the fired-boiler cases, also low-sulphur coal and municipal refuse. The fired-boiler cogeneration systems employed back-pressure steam turbines. For coal and refuse, the option of steam only without cogeneration was also assessed. The refuse-fired cases utilized modular incinerators. The options provided for a wide range of steam and electrical capacities. Deficient steam was assumed generated independently in existing equipment. Excess electrical power over that which could be displaced was assumed sold to Commonwealth Edison Company under PURPA (Public Utility Regulator Policies Act). The facility was assumed operated by a mutually owned corporation formed by the cogenerated power users. The economic analysis was predicted on currently applicable energy-investment tax credits and accelerated depreciation for a January 1985 startup date. Based on 100% equity financing, the results indicated that the best alternative was the modular-incinerator cogeneration system.
Forward-Backward Asymmetry of Top Quark Pair Productionn at the Fermilab Tevatron
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Hong, Ziqing
2015-12-01
This dissertation presents the final measurements of the forward-backward asymmetry (A FB) of top quark-antiquark pair events (t t -) at the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) experiment. The t t - events are produced in proton{anti-proton collisions with a center of mass energy of 1:96 TeV during the Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron. The measurements are performed with the full CDF Run II data (9.1 fb -1) in the final state that contain two charged leptons (electrons or muons, the dilepton final state), and are designed to con rm or deny the evidence-level excess in the AFB measurementsmore » in the final state with a single lepton and hadronic jets (lepton+jets final state) as well as the excess in the preliminary measurements in the dilepton final state with the first half of the CDF Run II data. New measurements include the leptonic AFB (A l FB), the lepton-pair A FB (A ll FB) and the reconstructed top AFB (At t FB). Each are combined with the previous results from the lepton+jets final state measured at the CDF experiment. The inclusive A l FB, A ll FB, and At t FB measured in the dilepton final state are 0.072 ± 0.060, 0.076 ± 0.081, and 0.12 ± 0.13, to be compared with the Standard Model (SM) predictions of 0.038 ± 0.003, 0.048 ± 0.004, and 0.010 ± 0.006, respectively. The CDF combination of A l FB and At t FB are 0.090 +0:028 -0.026, and 0.160 ± 0.045, respectively. The overall results are consistent with the SM predictions.« less
Progress on the Design of a Perpendicularly Biased 2nd Harmonic Cavity for the Fermilab Booster
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Madrak, R. L.; Dey, J. E.; Duel, K. L.
2016-10-01
perpendicularly biased 2nd harmonic cavity is being designed and built for the Fermilab Booster. Its purpose is to flatten the bucket at injection and thus change the longitudinal beam distribution to decrease space charge effects. It can also help at extraction. The cavity frequency range is 76 – 106 MHz. The power amplifier will be built using the Y567B tetrode, which is also used for the fundamental mode cavities in the Fermilab Booster. We discuss recent progress on the cavity, the biasing solenoid design and plans for testing the tuner's garnet material
Muon g-2 at Fermilab: Magnetic Field Preparations for a New Physics Search
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kiburg, Brendan; Muon g-2 Collaboration
2016-03-01
The Muon g - 2 experiment at Fermilab will measure the muon's anomalous magnetic moment, aμ, to 140 parts-per-billion. Modern calculations for aμ differ from the current experimental value by 3.6 σ. Our effort will test this discrepancy by collecting 20 times more muons and implementing several upgrades to the well-established storage ring technique. The experiment utilizes a superconducting electromagnet with a 7-meter radius and a uniform 1.45-Tesla magnetic field to store ~104 muons at a time. The times, energies, and locations of the subsequent decay positrons are determined and combined with magnetic field measurements to extract aμ. This talk will provide a brief snapshot of the current discrepancy. The role and requirements of the precision magnetic field will be described. Recent progress to establish the required magnetic field uniformity will be highlighted.
Observations of medium energy gamma ray emission from the galactic center region
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Kniffen, D. A.; Bertsch, D. L.; Morris, D. J.; Palmeira, R. A. R.; Rao, K. R.
1978-01-01
Measurements of the gamma-ray emission in the medium energy range between 15 and 100 MeV, obtained during two ballon flights from Brazil are presented. The importance of this energy region in determining whether pi deg - decay of electron bremsstrahlung is the most likely dominant source mechanism is discussed along with the implications of such observations. Specifically, the data from this experiment suggest that emission from the galactic plane is similar to theoretical spectrum calculations including both sources mechanisms, but with the bremsstrahlung component enhanced by a factor of about 2. A spectral distribution of gamma-rays produced in the residual atmosphere above the instrument is also presented and compared with other data. A rather smooth spectral variation from high to low energies is found for the atmospheric spectrum.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zhang, Yang; Ni, Binbin; Xiang, Zheng; Zhang, Xianguo; Zhang, Xiaoxin; Gu, Xudong; Fu, Song; Cao, Xing; Zou, Zhengyang
2018-05-01
We perform an L-shell dependent inter-satellite calibration of FengYun 3 medium energy electron measurements with POES measurements based on rough orbital conjunctions within 5 min × 0.1 L × 0.5 MLT. By comparing electron flux data between the U.S. Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) and Chinese sun-synchronous satellites including FY-3B and FY-3C for a whole year of 2014, we attempt to remove less reliable data and evaluate systematic uncertainties associated with the FY-3B and FY-3C datasets, expecting to quantify the inter-satellite calibration factors for the 150-350 keV energy channel at L = 2-7. Compared to the POES data, the FY-3B and FY-3C data generally exhibit a similar trend of electron flux variations but more or less underestimate them within a factor of 5 for the medium electron energy 150-350 keV channel. Good consistency in the flux conjunctions after the inter-calibration procedures gives us certain confidence to generalize our method to calibrate electron flux measurements from various satellite instruments.
Stokowski, S.E.
1987-10-20
A laser medium is particularly useful in high average power solid state lasers. The laser medium includes a chromium dopant and preferably neodymium ions as codopant, and is primarily a gadolinium scandium gallium garnet, or an analog thereof. Divalent cations inhibit spiral morphology as large boules from which the laser medium is derived are grown, and a source of ions convertible between a trivalent state and a tetravalent state at a low ionization energy are in the laser medium to reduce an absorption coefficient at about one micron wavelength otherwise caused by the divalent cations. These divalent cations and convertible ions are dispersed in the laser medium. Preferred convertible ions are provided from titanium or cerium sources.
Stokowski, Stanley E.
1989-01-01
A laser medium is particularly useful in high average power solid state lasers. The laser medium includes a chormium dopant and preferably neodymium ions as codopant, and is primarily a gadolinium scandium gallium garnet, or an analog thereof. Divalent cations inhibit spiral morphology as large boules from which the laser medium is derived are grown, and a source of ions convertible between a trivalent state and a tetravalent state at a low ionization energy are in the laser medium to reduce an absorption coefficient at about one micron wavelength otherwise caused by the divalent cations. These divalent cations and convertible ions are dispersed in the laser medium. Preferred convertible ions are provided from titanium or cerium sources.
Recent progress on the understanding of the medium-induced jet evolution and energy loss in pQCD
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Apolinário, Liliana
2017-03-01
Motivated by the striking modifications of jets observed both at RHIC and the LHC, significant progress towards the understanding of jet dynamics within QGP has occurred over the last few years. In this talk, I review the recent theoretical developments in the study of medium-induced jet evolution and energy loss within a perturbative framework. The main mechanisms of energy loss and broadening will be firstly addressed with focus on leading particle calculations beyond the eikonal approximation. Then, I will provide an overview of the modifications of the interference pattern between the different parton emitters that build up the parton shower when propagating through an extended coloured medium. I will show that the interplay between color coherence/decoherence that arises from such effects is the main mechanism for the modification of the jet core angular structure. Finally, I discuss the possibility of a probabilistic picture of the parton shower evolution in the limit of a very dense or infinite medium.
DART -- Data acquisition for the next generation of Fermilab fixed target experiments
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Oleynik, G.; Anderson, J.; Appleton, L.
1994-02-01
DART is the name of the data acquisition effort for Fermilab experiments taking data in the '94--'95 time frame and beyond. Its charge is to provide a common system of hardware and software, which can be easily configured and extended to meet the wide range of data acquisition requirements of the experiments. Its strategy is to provide incrementally functional data acquisition systems to the experiments at frequent intervals to support the ongoing DA activities of the experiments. DART is a collaborative development effort between the experimenters and the Fermilab Computing Division. Experiments collaborating in DART cover a range of requirementsmore » from 400 Kbytes/sec event readout using a single DA processor, to 200 Mbytes/sec event readout involving 10 parallel readout streams, 10 VME event building planes and greater than 1,000 MIPs of event filter processing. The authors describe the requirements, architecture, and plans for the project and report on its current status.« less
Observations of medium-energy gamma-ray emission from the galactic center region
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Kniffen, D. A.; Bertsch, D. L.; Morris, D. J.; Palmeira, R. A. R.; Rao, K. R.
1978-01-01
Measurements of the gamma-ray emission in the medium-energy range between 15 and 100 MeV, obtained during two balloon flights from Brazil, are presented. The importance of this energy region in determining whether neutral-pion decay or electron bremsstrahlung is the most likely dominant source mechanism is discussed, along with the implications of such observations. Specifically, the data from this experiment suggest that emission from the galactic plane is similar to the theoretical spectrum calculated by Fichtel et al. (1976), including both source mechanisms but with the bremsstrahlung component enhanced by a factor of about 2. A spectral distribution of gamma-rays produced in the residual atmosphere above the instrument is also presented and compared with other data. A rather smooth spectral variation from high to low energies is found for the atmospheric spectrum.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zhang, W. W.; Cong, S.; Luo, S. B.; Fang, J. H.
2018-05-01
The corrosion resistance performance of SAF2205 duplex stainless steel depends on the amount of ferrite to austenite transformation, but the ferrite content after power beam welding is always excessively high. To obtain laser beam welding joints with better mechanical and corrosion resistance performance, the effects of the energy density and shielding medium on the austenite content, hardness distribution, and shear strength were investigated. The results showed that ferrite to austenite transformation was realized with increase in the energy density. When the energy density was increased from 120 J/mm to 200 J/mm, the austenite content of the welding joint changed from 2.6% to 38.5%. Addition of nitrogen gas to the shielding medium could promote formation of austenite. When the shielding medium contained 50% and 100% nitrogen gas, the austenite content of the welding joint was 42.7% and 47.2%, respectively. The hardness and shear strength were significantly improved by increase in the energy density. However, the shielding medium had less effect on the mechanical performance. Use of the optimal welding process parameters resulted in peak hardness of 375 HV and average shear strength of 670 MPa.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Bonnema, E.; Leach, M.; Pless, S.
2013-06-01
This Technical Support Document describes the process and methodology for the development of the Advanced Energy Design Guide for Medium to Big Box Retail Buildings: Achieving 50% Energy Savings Toward a Net Zero Energy Building (AEDG-MBBR) ASHRAE et al. (2011b). The AEDG-MBBR is intended to provide recommendations for achieving 50% whole-building energy savings in retail stores over levels achieved by following ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings (Standard 90.1-2004) (ASHRAE 2004b). The AEDG-MBBR was developed in collaboration with the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), the American Institute of Architects (AIA), themore » Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES), the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), and the U.S. Department of Energy.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Bonnema, Eric; Leach, Matt; Pless, Shanti
2013-06-05
This Technical Support Document describes the process and methodology for the development of the Advanced Energy Design Guide for Medium to Big Box Retail Buildings: Achieving 50% Energy Savings Toward a Net Zero Energy Building (AEDG-MBBR) ASHRAE et al. (2011b). The AEDG-MBBR is intended to provide recommendations for achieving 50% whole-building energy savings in retail stores over levels achieved by following ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings (Standard 90.1-2004) (ASHRAE 2004b). The AEDG-MBBR was developed in collaboration with the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), the American Institute of Architects (AIA), themore » Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES), the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), and the U.S. Department of Energy.« less
RF System Requirements for a Medium-Energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) at JLab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Rimmer, Robert A; Hannon, Fay E; Guo, Jiquan
2015-09-01
JLab is studying options for a medium energy electron-ion collider that could fit on the JLab site and use CEBAF as a full-energy electron injector. A new ion source, linac and booster would be required, together with collider storage rings for the ions and electrons. In order to achieve the maximum luminosity these will be high-current storage rings with many bunches. We present the high-level RF system requirements for the storage rings, ion booster ring and high-energy ion beam cooling system, and describe the technology options under consideration to meet them. We also present options for staging that might reducemore » the initial capital cost while providing a smooth upgrade path to a higher final energy. The technologies under consideration may also be useful for other proposed storage ring colliders or ultimate light sources.« less
Taking global scale data handling to the Fermilab intensity frontier
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Lyon, Adam L.; Illingworth, Robert A.; Mengel, Marc
2012-01-01
SAM is a comprehensive data management system used by the Tevatron Run II experiments with great success. The newest experiments at Fermilab, the Intensity Frontier experiments, are currently lacking such a system. In these proceedings, the advantages of using SAM for these experiments is discussed. Two improvements to SAM, namely SAMWeb and SAMfs are described. These improvements will make SAM much easier to integrate, deploy, maintain, and use.
Low-energy cosmic ray protons from nuclear interactions of cosmic rays with the interstellar medium.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Wang, H. T.
1973-01-01
The intensity of low-energy (less than 100 MeV) protons from nuclear interactions of higher-energy (above 100 MeV) cosmic rays with the interstellar medium is calculated. The resultant intensity in the 10- to 100-MeV range is larger by a factor of 3-5 than the observed proton intensity near earth. The calculated intensity from nuclear interactions constitutes a lower limit on the actual proton intensity in interstellar space.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Aderholz, M.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Akbari, H.; Allport, P. P.; Baba, P. V.; Badyal, S. K.; Barth, M.; Baton, J. P.; Bingham, H. H.; Brucker, E. B.; Burnstein, R. A.; Campbell, R. C.; Cence, R.; Chatterjee, T. K.; Clayton, E. F.; Corrigan, G.; Coutures, C.; de Prospo, D.; Devanand; de Wolf, E.; Faulkner, P. J.; Fretter, W. B.; Gupta, V. K.; Guy, J.; Hanlon, J.; Harigel, G.; Harris, F.; Jabiol, M. A.; Jacques, P.; Jain, V.; Jones, G. T.; Jones, M. D.; Jones, R. W.; Kafka, T.; Kalelkar, M.; Kasper, P.; Kasper, P.; Kaul, G. L.; Kaur, M.; Kohli, J. M.; Koller, E. L.; Krawiec, R. J.; Lauko, M.; Lys, J.; Mann, W. A.; Marage, P.; Milburn, R. H.; Miller, D. B.; Mittra, I. S.; Mobayyen, M. M.; Moreels, J.; Morrison, D. R.; Myatt, G.; Nailor, P.; Naon, R.; Napier, A.; Neveu, M.; Passmore, D.; Peters, M. W.; Peterson, V. Z.; Plano, R.; Rao, N. K.; Rubin, H. A.; Sacton, J.; Saitta, B.; Schmid, P.; Schmitz, N.; Schneps, J.; Sekulin, R.; Sewell, S.; Singh, J. B.; Sood, P. M.; Smart, W.; Stamer, P.; Varvell, K. E.; Venus, W.; Verluyten, L.; Voyvodic, L.; Wachsmuth, H.; Wainstein, S.; Willocq, S.; Wittek, W.; Yost (E632 Collaboration), G. P.
1989-11-01
Coherent single-pion production on neon nuclei is studied using the Fermilab 15-ft bubble chamber filled with a heavy Ne-H2 mixture and exposed to the Tevatron neutrino beam. In the neutrino energy range 40-300 GeV, the net signal is 20+/-6 events, giving a corrected rate per charged-current event of (0.26+/-0.10)%. The cross section and kinematic distributions agree with the predictions of a model based on partial conservation of axial-vector current and meson dominance.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Gibson, N. A.; Forget, B.
2012-07-01
The Discrete Generalized Multigroup (DGM) method uses discrete Legendre orthogonal polynomials to expand the energy dependence of the multigroup neutron transport equation. This allows a solution on a fine energy mesh to be approximated for a cost comparable to a solution on a coarse energy mesh. The DGM method is applied to an ultra-fine energy mesh (14,767 groups) to avoid using self-shielding methodologies without introducing the cost usually associated with such energy discretization. Results show DGM to converge to the reference ultra-fine solution after a small number of recondensation steps for multiple infinite medium compositions. (authors)
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Madrak, R.; Dey, J.; Duel, K.
A perpendicularly biased tuneable 2nd harmonic cavity, designed for the Fermilab Booster, is being assembled for testing this summer (2018). The cavity will work at twice the frequency of the fundamental cavities, and will be on only during the injection and transition (or extraction) periods. The main reason for adding this cavity is to improve beam capture and reduce losses as required by Fermilab's Proton Improvement Plan (PIP). After three years optimization and study, the cavity design has now been finalized and all constituent parts have been received. We report on the cavity final design and on the status ofmore » the construction.« less
Development of the beam extraction synchronization system at the Fermilab Booster
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Seiya, K.; Chaurize, S.; Drennan, C. C.; Pellico, W.; Sullivan, T.; Triplett, A. K.; Waller, A. M.
2015-11-01
The new beam extraction synchronization control system called "Magnetic Cogging" was developed at the Fermilab Booster and it replaces a system called "RF Cogging" as part of the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP).[1] The flux throughput goal for the PIP is 2.2×1017 protons per hour, which is double the present flux. The flux increase will be accomplished by doubling the number of beam cycles which, in turn, will double the beam loss in the Booster accelerator if nothing else is done. The Booster accelerates beam from 400 MeV to 8 GeV and extracts it to the Main Injector (MI) or Recycler Ring (RR). Cogging controls the beam extraction gap position which is created early in the Booster cycle and synchronizes the gap to the rising edge of the Booster extraction kicker and the MI/RR injection kicker. The RF Cogging system controls the gap position by changing only the radial position of the beam thus limiting the beam aperture and creating beam loss due to beam scraping. The Magnetic Cogging system controls the gap position with the magnetic field of the dipole correctors while the radial position feedback keeps the beam on a central orbit. Also with Magnetic Cogging the gap creation can occur earlier in the Booster cycle when the removed particles are at a lower energy. Thus Magnetic Cogging reduces the deposited energy of the lost particles (beam energy loss) and results in less beam loss activation. Energy loss was reduced by 40% by moving the gap creation energy from 700 MeV to 400 MeV when the Booster Cogging system was switched from RF Cogging to Magnetic Cogging in March 2015.
Forward Neutron Production at the Fermilab Main Injector
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Nigmanov, T.S.; /Michigan U.; Rajaram, D.
2010-10-01
We have measured cross sections for forward neutron production from a variety of targets using proton beams from the Fermilab Main Injector. Measurements were performed for proton beam momenta of 58 GeV/c, 84 GeV/c, and 120 GeV/c. The cross section dependence on the atomic weight (A) of the targets was found to vary as A{sup a} where a is 0.46 {+-} 0.06 for a beam momentum of 58 GeV/c and 0.54 {+-} 0.05 for 120 GeV/c. The cross sections show reasonable agreement with FLUKA and DPMJET Monte Carlos. Comparisons have also been made with the LAQGSM Monte Carlo. The MIPPmore » (Main Injector Particle Production) experiment (FNAL E907) [1] acquired data in the Meson Center beam line at Fermilab. The primary purposes of the experiment were to investigate scaling laws in hadron fragmentation [2], to obtain hadron production data for the NuMI (Neutrinos at the Main Injector [3]) target to be used for calculating neutrino fluxes, and to obtain inclusive pion, neutron, and photon production data to facilitate proton radiography [4]. While there is considerable data available on inclusive charged particle production [5], there is little data on neutron production. In this article we present results for forward neutron production using proton beams of 58 GeV/c, 84 GeV/c, and 120 GeV/c on hydrogen, beryllium, carbon, bismuth, and uranium targets, and compare these data with predictions from Monte Carlo simulations.« less
REVIEWS OF TOPICAL PROBLEMS The quark-gluon medium
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dremin, Igor M.; Leonidov, Andrei V.
2011-02-01
The properties of the quark-gluon medium observed in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions are discussed. The main experimental facts about these collisions are briefly described and compared with data about proton-proton collisions. Both microscopic and macroscopic approaches to their description are reviewed. The chromodynamics of the quark-gluon medium at high energies is mainly considered. The energy loss of partons moving in this medium is treated. The principal conclusion is that the medium possesses some collective properties which are crucial for understanding the experimental observations.
Accelerator Science: Luminosity vs. Energy
Lincoln, Don
2018-06-12
In the world of high energy physics there are several parameters that are important when one constructs a particle accelerator. Two crucial ones are the energy of the beam and the luminosity, which is another word for the number of particles in the beam. In this video, Fermilabâs Dr. Don Lincoln explains the differences and the pros and cons. He even works in an unexpected sporting event.
Proton Beam Intensity Upgrades for the Neutrino Program at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Bhat, C. M.
2016-12-15
Fermilab is committed to upgrading its accelerator complex towards the intensity frontier to pursue HEP research in the neutrino sector and beyond. The upgrade has two steps: 1) the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP), which is underway, has its primary goal to start providing 700 kW beam power on NOvA target by the end of 2017 and 2) the foreseen PIP–II will replace the existing LINAC, a 400 MeV injector to the Booster, by an 800 MeV superconducting LINAC by the middle of next decade, with output beam intensity from the Booster increased significantly and the beam power on the NOvAmore » target increased to <1.2 MW. In any case, the Fermilab Booster is going to play a very significant role for the next two decades. In this context, we have recently developed and commissioned an innovative beam injection scheme for the Booster called "early injection scheme". This scheme is already in operation and has a potential to increase the Booster beam intensity from the PIP design goal by a considerable amount with a reduced beam emittance and beam loss. In this paper, we will present results from our experience from the new scheme in operation, current status and future plans.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Geynisman, M.; Bremer, J.; Chalifour, M.
The Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) physics program at Fermilab and Neutrino Platform (NP) at CERN are part of the international Neutrino Program leading to the development of Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility/Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (LBNF/DUNE) science project. The SBN program consisting of three Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr-TPC) detectors positioned along the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab includes an existing detector known as MicroBooNE (170-ton LAr-TPC) plus two new experiments known as SBN’s Near Detector (SBND, ~260 tons) and SBN’s Far Detector (SBN-FD, ~760 tons). All three detectors have distinctly different design of their cryostats thus defining specific requirements formore » the cryogenic systems. Fermilab has already built two new facilities to house SBND and SBN-FD detectors. The cryogenic systems for these detectors are in various stages of design and construction with CERN and Fermilab being responsible for delivery of specific sub-systems. This contribution presents specific design requirements and typical implementation solutions for each sub-system of the SBND and SBN-FD cryogenic systems.« less
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Geynisman, M.; Bremer, J.; Chalifour, M.; Delaney, M.; Dinnon, M.; Doubnik, R.; Hentschel, S.; Kim, M. J.; Montanari, C.; Montanari, D.; Nichols, T.; Norris, B.; Sarychev, M.; Schwartz, F.; Tillman, J.; Zuckerbrot, M.
2017-12-01
The Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) physics program at Fermilab and Neutrino Platform (NP) at CERN are part of the international Neutrino Program leading to the development of Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility/Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (LBNF/DUNE) science project. The SBN program consisting of three Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr-TPC) detectors positioned along the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab includes an existing detector known as MicroBooNE (170-ton LAr-TPC) plus two new experiments known as SBN’s Near Detector (SBND, ∼260 tons) and SBN’s Far Detector (SBN-FD, ∼760 tons). All three detectors have distinctly different design of their cryostats thus defining specific requirements for the cryogenic systems. Fermilab has already built two new facilities to house SBND and SBN-FD detectors. The cryogenic systems for these detectors are in various stages of design and construction with CERN and Fermilab being responsible for delivery of specific sub-systems. This contribution presents specific design requirements and typical implementation solutions for each sub-system of the SBND and SBN-FD cryogenic systems.
Solenoid Magnet System for the Fermilab Mu2e Experiment
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Lamm, M. J.; Andreev, N.; Ambrosio, G.
2011-12-14
The Fermilab Mu2e experiment seeks to measure the rare process of direct muon to electron conversion in the field of a nucleus. Key to the design of the experiment is a system of three superconducting solenoids; a muon production solenoid (PS) which is a 1.8 m aperture axially graded solenoid with a peak field of 5 T used to focus secondary pions and muons from a production target located in the solenoid aperture; an 'S shaped' transport solenoid (TS) which selects and transports the subsequent muons towards a stopping target; a detector solenoid (DS) which is an axially graded solenoidmore » at the upstream end to focus transported muons to a stopping target, and a spectrometer solenoid at the downstream end to accurately measure the momentum of the outgoing conversion elections. The magnetic field requirements, the significant magnetic coupling between the solenoids, the curved muon transport geometry and the large beam induced energy deposition into the superconducting coils pose significant challenges to the magnetic, mechanical, and thermal design of this system. In this paper a conceptual design for the magnetic system which meets the Mu2e experiment requirements is presented.« less
Tuner of a Second Harmonic Cavity of the Fermilab Booster
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Terechkine, I.; Duel, K.; Madrak, R.
2015-05-17
Introducing a second harmonic cavity in the accelerating system of the Fermilab Booster promises significant reduc-tion of the particle beam loss during the injection, transi-tion, and extraction stages. To follow the changing energy of the beam during acceleration cycles, the cavity is equipped with a tuner that employs perpendicularly biased AL800 garnet material as the frequency tuning media. The required tuning range of the cavity is from 75.73 MHz at injection to 105.64 MHz at extraction. This large range ne-cessitates the use of a relatively low bias magnetic field at injection, which could lead to high RF loss power densitymore » in the garnet, or a strong bias magnetic field at extraction, which could result in high power consumption in the tuner’s bias magnet. The required 15 Hz repetition rate of the device and high sensitivity of the local RF power loss to the level of the magnetic field added to the challenges of the bias system design. In this report, the main features of a proposed prototype of the second harmonic cavity tuner are presented.« less
Energy latency tradeoffs for medium access and sleep scheduling in wireless sensor networks
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gang, Lu
Wireless sensor networks are expected to be used in a wide range of applications from environment monitoring to event detection. The key challenge is to provide energy efficient communication; however, latency remains an important concern for many applications that require fast response. The central thesis of this work is that energy efficient medium access and sleep scheduling mechanisms can be designed without necessarily sacrificing application-specific latency performance. We validate this thesis through results from four case studies that cover various aspects of medium access and sleep scheduling design in wireless sensor networks. Our first effort, DMAC, is to design an adaptive low latency and energy efficient MAC for data gathering to reduce the sleep latency. We propose staggered schedule, duty cycle adaptation, data prediction and the use of more-to-send packets to enable seamless packet forwarding under varying traffic load and channel contentions. Simulation and experimental results show significant energy savings and latency reduction while ensuring high data reliability. The second research effort, DESS, investigates the problem of designing sleep schedules in arbitrary network communication topologies to minimize the worst case end-to-end latency (referred to as delay diameter). We develop a novel graph-theoretical formulation, derive and analyze optimal solutions for the tree and ring topologies and heuristics for arbitrary topologies. The third study addresses the problem of minimum latency joint scheduling and routing (MLSR). By constructing a novel delay graph, the optimal joint scheduling and routing can be solved by M node-disjoint paths algorithm under multiple channel model. We further extended the algorithm to handle dynamic traffic changes and topology changes. A heuristic solution is proposed for MLSR under single channel interference. In the fourth study, EEJSPC, we first formulate a fundamental optimization problem that provides tunable
Ion-induced particle desorption in time-of-flight medium energy ion scattering
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lohmann, S.; Primetzhofer, D.
2018-05-01
Secondary ions emitted from solids upon ion impact are studied in a time-of-flight medium energy ion scattering (ToF-MEIS) set-up. In order to investigate characteristics of the emission processes and to evaluate the potential for surface and thin film analysis, experiments employing TiN and Al samples were conducted. The ejected ions exhibit a low initial kinetic energy of a few eV, thus, requiring a sufficiently high acceleration voltage for detection. Molecular and atomic ions of different charge states originating both from surface contaminations and the sample material are found, and relative yields of several species were determined. Experimental evidence that points towards a predominantly electronic sputtering process is presented. For emitted Ti target atoms an additional nuclear sputtering component is suggested.
Commissioning and First Results of the Electron Beam Profiler in the Main Injector at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Thurman-Keup, R.; Alvarez, M.; Fitzgerald, J.
2017-08-01
The planned neutrino program at Fermilab requires large proton beam intensities in excess of 2 MW. Measuring the transverse profiles of these high intensity beams is challenging and often depends on non-invasive techniques. One such technique involves measuring the deflection of a probe beam of electrons with a trajectory perpendicular to the proton beam. A device such as this is already in use at the Spallation Neutron Source at ORNL and a similar device has been installed in the Main Injector at Fermilab. Commissioning of the device is in progress with the goal of having it operational by the endmore » of the year. The status of the commissioning and initial results will be presented« less
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... of Medium Base Compact Fluorescent Lamps W Appendix W to Subpart B of Part 430 Energy DEPARTMENT OF... Consumption of Medium Base Compact Fluorescent Lamps 1. Scope: This appendix covers the test requirements used... rated life, rapid cycle stress, and lamp life of medium base compact fluorescent lamps. 2. Definitions...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-01-01
... of Medium Base Compact Fluorescent Lamps W Appendix W to Subpart B of Part 430 Energy DEPARTMENT OF... Consumption of Medium Base Compact Fluorescent Lamps 1. Scope: This appendix covers the test requirements used... rated life, rapid cycle stress, and lamp life of medium base compact fluorescent lamps. 2. Definitions...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... of Medium Base Compact Fluorescent Lamps W Appendix W to Subpart B of Part 430 Energy DEPARTMENT OF... Consumption of Medium Base Compact Fluorescent Lamps 1. Scope: This appendix covers the test requirements used... rated life, rapid cycle stress, and lamp life of medium base compact fluorescent lamps. 2. Definitions...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
... of Medium Base Compact Fluorescent Lamps W Appendix W to Subpart B of Part 430 Energy DEPARTMENT OF... Consumption of Medium Base Compact Fluorescent Lamps 1. Scope: This appendix covers the test requirements used... rated life, rapid cycle stress, and lamp life of medium base compact fluorescent lamps. 2. Definitions...
Neutron dose per fluence and weighting factors for use at high energy accelerators
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Cossairt, J.Donald; Vaziri, Kamran; /Fermilab
2008-07-01
In June 2007, the United States Department of Energy incorporated revised values of neutron weighting factors into its occupational radiation protection Regulation 10 CFR Part 835 as part of updating its radiation dosimetry system. This has led to a reassessment of neutron radiation fields at high energy proton accelerators such as those at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). Values of dose per fluence factors appropriate for accelerator radiation fields calculated elsewhere are collated and radiation weighting factors compared. The results of this revision to the dosimetric system are applied to americium-beryllium neutron energy spectra commonly used for instrument calibrations.more » A set of typical accelerator neutron energy spectra previously measured at Fermilab are reassessed in light of the new dosimetry system. The implications of this revision are found to be of moderate significance.« less
Beam test of a superconducting cavity for the Fermilab high-brightness electron photo-injector
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
W. Hartung, J.P. Carneiro, M. Champion, H. Edwards, J. Fuest, K. Koepke and M. Kuchnir
1999-05-04
An electron photo-injector facility has been constructed at Fermilab for the purpose of providing a 14�18 MeV elec-tron beam with high charge per bunch (8 nC), short bunch length (1 mm RMS), and small transverse emittance [1]. The facility was used to commission a second-generation photo-cathode RF gun for the TeSLA Test Facility (TTF) Linac at DESY [2, 3]; in the future, the Fermilab electron beam will be used for R & D in bunch length compres-sion, beam diagnostics, and new acceleration techniques. Acceleration beyond 4 MeV is provided by a 9-cell super-conducting cavity (see Figure 1). The cavity alsomore » provides a longitudinal position-momentum correlation for subse-quent bunch length compression. We report on the RF tests and a first beam test of this cavity.« less
The Discovery of the b Quark at Fermilab in 1977: The Experiment Coordinator's Story
DOE R&D Accomplishments Database
Yoh, J.
1997-12-01
I present the history of the discovery of the Upsilon ({Upsilon}) particle (the first member of the b-quark family to be observed) at Fermilab in 1977 by the CFS (Columbia-Fermilab-Stony Brook collaboration) E288 experiment headed by Leon Lederman. We found the first evidence of the {Upsilon} in November 1976 in an early phase of E288. The subsequent discovery in the spring of 1977 resulted from an upgraded E288 the {mu}{mu}II phase, optimized for dimuons, with about 100 times the sensitivity of the previous investigatory dimuon phase (which had been optimized for dielectrons). The events leading to the discovery, the planning of {mu}{mu}II and the running, including a misadventure (the infamous Shunt Fire of May 1977), are described. Some discussions of the aftermath, a summary, and an acknowledgement list end this brief historical note.
Machine Protection System Research and Development for the Fermilab PIP-II Proton Linac
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Warner, Arden; Carmichael, Linden; Harrison, Beau
PIP-II is a high intensity proton linac being design to support a world-leading physics program at Fermilab. Initially it will provide high intensity beams for Fermilab's neutrino program with a future extension to other applications requiring an upgrade to CW linac operation (e.g. muon experiments). The machine is conceived to be 2 mA CW, 800 MeV H⁻ linac capable of working initially in a pulse (0.55 ms, 20 Hz) mode for injection into the existing Booster. The planned upgrade to CW operation implies that the total beam current and damage potential will be greater than in any present HEP hadronmore » linac. To mitigate the primary technical risk and challenges associated PIP-II an integrated system test for the PIP-II front-end technology is being developed. As part of the R&D a robust machine protection system (MPS) is being designed. This paper describes the progress and challenges associated with the MPS.« less
Garnet Ring Measurements for the Fermilab Booster 2nd Harmonic Cavity
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Kuharik, J.; Dey, J.; Duel, K.
A perpendicularly biased tuneable 2nd harmonic cavity is being constructed for use in the Fermilab Booster. The cavity's tuner uses National Magnetics AL800 garnet as the tuning media. For quality control, the magnetic properties of the material and the uniformity of the properties within the tuner must be assessed. We describe two tests which are performed on the rings and on their corresponding witness samples.
Lowest-energy cage structures of medium-sized ( ZnO )n clusters with n = 15 - 24
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tang, Lingli; Sai, Linwei; Zhao, Jijun; Qiu, Ruifeng
2015-01-01
Fullerene-like cage structures of medium-sized ( ZnO )n clusters with n = 15 - 24 were generated by spiral algorithm and optimized using density functional theory calculations. Most of these lowest-energy cage structures contain only four-membered and six-membered rings, whereas eight-membered rings were found in the lowest-energy cages of ( ZnO )n (n = 19, 20, 23, 24). Our best cage configurations either reproduce or prevail the previously reported ones. The size-dependent electronic properties were also discussed.
LCLS-II 1.3 GHz cryomodule design - lessons learned from testing at Fermilab
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kaluzny, J.; Hurd, J.; Orlov, Y.; He, Y.; Bossert, R.; Grimm, C.; Schappert, W.; Atassi, O. Al; Wang, R.; Arkan, T.; Theilacker, J.; Klebaner, A.; White, M.; Wu, G.; Makara, J.; Ginsburg, C.; Pei, L.; Holzbauer, J.; Hansen, B.; Stanek, R.; Peterson, T.; Harms, E.
2017-12-01
Fermilab’s 1.3 GHz prototype cryomodule for the Linac Coherent Light Source Upgrade (LCLS-II) has been tested at Fermilab’s Cryomodule Test Facility (CMTF). Aspects of the cryomodule design have been studied and tested. The cooldown circuit was used to quickly cool the cavities through the transition temperature, and a heater on the circuit was used to heat incoming helium for warmup. Due to the 0.5% slope of the cryomodule, the liquid level is not constant along the length of the cryomodule. This slope as well as the pressure profile caused liquid level management to be a challenge. The microphonics levels in the cryomodule were studied and efforts were made to reduce them throughout testing. Some of the design approaches and studies performed on these aspects will be presented. Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. This work was supported, in part, by the LCLS-II Project.
The SeaQuest Spectrometer at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Aidala, C.A.; et al.
The SeaQuest spectrometer at Fermilab was designed to detect oppositely-charged pairs of muons (dimuons) produced by interactions between a 120 GeV proton beam and liquid hydrogen, liquid deuterium and solid nuclear targets. The primary physics program uses the Drell-Yan process to probe antiquark distributions in the target nucleon. The spectrometer consists of a target system, two dipole magnets and four detector stations. The upstream magnet is a closed-aperture solid iron magnet which also serves as the beam dump, while the second magnet is an open aperture magnet. Each of the detector stations consists of scintillator hodoscopes and a high-resolution trackingmore » device. The FPGA-based trigger compares the hodoscope signals to a set of pre-programmed roads to determine if the event contains oppositely-signed, high-mass muon pairs.« less
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Niranjan, Ram; Rout, R. K.; Srivastava, Rohit; Kaushik, T. C.
2018-03-01
The effects of gas filling pressure and operation energy on deuterium ions and neutrons have been studied in a medium energy plasma focus device, MEPF-12. The deuterium gas filling pressure was varied from 1 to 10 mbar at an operation energy of 9.7 kJ. Also, the operation energy was varied from 3.9 to 9.7 kJ at a deuterium gas filling pressure of 4 mbar. Time resolved emission of deuterium ions was measured using a Faraday cup. Simultaneously, time integrated and time resolved emissions of neutrons were measured using a silver activation detector and plastic scintillator detector, respectively. Various characteristics (fluence, peak density, and most probable energy) of deuterium ions were estimated using the Faraday cup signal. The fluence was found to be nearly independent of the gas filling pressure and operation energy, but the peak density and most probable energy of deuterium ions were found to be varying. The neutron yield was observed to be varying with the gas filling pressure and operation energy. The effect of ions on neutrons emission was observed at each operation condition.
Wire Chambers and Cherenkov Detectors at Fermilab Test Beam Facility
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Tame Narvaez, Karla
2017-01-01
Fermilab Test Beam Facility (FTBF) is dedicated to helping scientists test their prototypes. For this, FTBF has instrumentation that is very useful for the users. However, before a user can test a detector, it is necessary to ensure the facility has the characteristics they need. During this summer, we studied beam properties by collecting Cherenkov and wire chamber data. Analyzed data will be used for updating the general information that FTBF posts on a web page.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Barbosa, D. D.
1986-01-01
A theory of medium-energy (about keV) electrons and heavy ions in Jupiter's magnetosphere is presented. Lower hybrid waves are generated by the combined effects of a ring instability of neutral wind pickup ions and the modified two-stream instability associated with transport of cool Iogenic plasma. The quasi-linear energy diffusion coefficient for lower hybrid wave-particle interactions is evaluated, and several solutions to the diffusion equation are given. Calculations based on measured wave properties show that the noise substantially modifies the particle distribution functions. The effects are to accelerate superthermal ions and electrons to keV energies and to thermalize the pickup ions on time scales comparable to the particle residence time. The S(2+)/S(+) ratio at medium energies is a measure of the relative contribution from Iogenic thermal plasma and neutral wind ions, and this important quantity should be determined from future measurements. The theory also predicts a preferential acceleration of heavy ions with an accleration time that scales inversely with the root of the ion mass. Electrons accelerated by the process contribute to further reionization of the neutral wind by electron impact, thus providing a possible confirmation of Alfven's critical velocity effect in the Jovian magnetosphere.
Macridin, Alexandru; Spentzouris, Panagiotis; Amundson, James; ...
2011-06-28
We calculate the impedance and wake functions for laminated structures with parallel-plane and circular geometries. We critically examine the approximations used in the literature for the coupling impedance in laminated chambers and find that most of them are not justified because the wall surface impedance is large. A comparison between flat and circular geometry impedances is presented. We apply our calculation in a state-of-the-art beam dynamics simulation of the Fermilab Booster which includes nonlinear optics, laminated wakefields, and space charge impedance. The latter can have a significant effect away from the ultrarelativistic limit. Even though the simulations and the comparisonmore » with the experiment are done at the Booster injection energy, where the relativistic factor γ = 1.42, we find good agreement between our calculation of the coherent tune shift and recent experimental measurements.« less
Kawahara, Daisuke; Ozawa, Shuichi; Yokomachi, Kazushi; Tanaka, Sodai; Higaki, Toru; Fujioka, Chikako; Suzuki, Tatsuhiko; Tsuneda, Masato; Nakashima, Takeo; Ohno, Yoshimi; Nagata, Yasushi
2018-02-01
To evaluate the accuracy of raw-data-based effective atomic number (Z eff ) values and monochromatic CT numbers for contrast material of varying iodine concentrations, obtained using dual-energy CT. We used a tissue characterization phantom and varying concentrations of iodinated contrast medium. A comparison between the theoretical values of Z eff and that provided by the manufacturer was performed. The measured and theoretical monochromatic CT numbers at 40-130 keV were compared. The average difference between the Z eff values of lung (inhale) inserts in the tissue characterization phantom was 81.3% and the average Z eff difference was within 8.4%. The average difference between the Z eff values of the varying concentrations of iodinated contrast medium was within 11.2%. For the varying concentrations of iodinated contrast medium, the differences between the measured and theoretical monochromatic CT values increased with decreasing monochromatic energy. The Z eff and monochromatic CT numbers in the tissue characterization phantom were reasonably accurate. The accuracy of the raw-data-based Z eff values was higher than that of image-based Z eff values in the tissue-equivalent phantom. The accuracy of Z eff values in the contrast medium was in good agreement within the maximum SD found in the iodine concentration range of clinical dynamic CT imaging. Moreover, the optimum monochromatic energy for human tissue and iodinated contrast medium was found to be 70 keV. Advances in knowledge: The accuracy of the Z eff values and monochromatic CT numbers of the contrast medium created by raw-data-based, dual-energy CT could be sufficient in clinical conditions.
A Pair Production Telescope for Medium-Energy Gamma-Ray Polarimetry
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Hunter, Stanley D.; Bloser, Peter F.; Depaola, Gerardo; Dion, Michael P.; DeNolfo, Georgia A.; Hanu, Andrei; Iparraguirre, Marcos; Legere, Jason; Longo, Francesco; McConnell, Mark L.;
2014-01-01
We describe the science motivation and development of a pair production telescope for medium-energy (approximately 5-200 Mega electron Volts) gamma-ray polarimetry. Our instrument concept, the Advanced Energetic Pair Telescope (AdEPT), takes advantage of the Three-Dimensional Track Imager, a low-density gaseous time projection chamber, to achieve angular resolution within a factor of two of the pair production kinematics limit (approximately 0.6 deg at 70 Mega electron Volts), continuum sensitivity comparable with the Fermi-LAT front detector (is less than 3 x 10(exp -6) Mega electron Volts per square centimeter per second at 70 Mega electron Volts), and minimum detectable polarization less than 10% for a 10 milliCrab source in 10(exp 6) s.
Forward neutron production at the Fermilab Main Injector
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Nigmanov, T. S.; Rajaram, D.; Longo, M. J.
2011-01-01
We have measured cross sections for forward neutron production from a variety of targets using proton beams from the Fermilab Main Injector. Measurements were performed for proton beam momenta of 58, 84, and 120 GeV/c. The cross section dependence on the atomic weight (A) of the targets was found to vary as A{sup {alpha}}, where {alpha} is 0.46{+-}0.06 for a beam momentum of 58 GeV/c and 0.54{+-}0.05 for 120 GeV/c. The cross sections show reasonable agreement with FLUKA and DPMJET Monte Carlos. Comparisons have also been made with the LAQGSM Monte Carlo.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Nurmayani, S.; Sugiarti, Y.; Putra, R. H.
2016-04-01
Microalgae is one of biodiesel resources and call as third generation biofuel. Biodiesel is one alternative energy that being developed. So study about resource of biodiesel need a development, for the example is development the basic material such as microalgae. In this paper we explain the potential use of dairy waste from industry as a cultivation medium of microalgae for biodiesel production. Dairy waste from dairy industry contains 34.98% protein, 4.42% lactose, 9.77% fiber, 11.04% fat, 2.33% calcium, 1.05% phosfor, and 0.4 % magnesium, meaning that the dairy waste from dairy industry has a relatively high nutrient content and complete from a source of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus as macro nutrients. The method in this paper is literature review to resulting a new conclusion about the potency of waste water from dairy industry as microalgae cultivation medium. Based on the study, the dairy waste from dairy industry has potency to be used as cultivation medium of Botryococcus braunii in the production of biodiesel, replacing the conventional cultivation medium.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Soraya, N. W.; El Hadi, R. M.; Chumaidiyah, E.; Tripiawan, W.
2017-12-01
Conventional drying process is constrained by weather (cloudy / rainy), and requires wide drying area, and provides low-quality product. Multi-function dual energy oven is the appropriate technology to solve these problems. The oven uses solar thermal or gas heat for drying various type of products, including tapioca crackers. Investment analysis in technical, operational, and financial aspects show that the multi-function dual energy oven is feasible to be implemented for small medium enterprise (SME) processing tapioca crackers.
The laser control of the muon g -2 experiment at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Anastasi, A.; Anastasio, A.; Avino, S.
Here, we present that the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab is expected to start data taking in 2017. It will measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment, a μ = (g μ-2)/2 to an unprecedented precision: the goal is 0.14 parts per million (ppm). The new experiment will require upgrades of detectors, electronics and data acquisition equipment to handle the much higher data volumes and slightly higher instantaneous rates. In particular, it will require a continuous monitoring and state-of-art calibration of the detectors, whose response may vary on both the millisecond and hour long timescale. The calibration system is composed ofmore » six laser sources and a light distribution system will provide short light pulses directly into each crystal (54) of the 24 calorimeters which measure energy and arrival time of the decay positrons. A Laser Control board will manage the interface between the experiment and the laser source, allowing the generation of light pulses according to specific needs including detector calibration, study of detector performance in running conditions, evaluation of DAQ performance. Here we present and discuss the main features of the Laser Control board.« less
The laser control of the muon g -2 experiment at Fermilab
Anastasi, A.; Anastasio, A.; Avino, S.; ...
2017-11-09
Here, we present that the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab is expected to start data taking in 2017. It will measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment, a μ = (g μ-2)/2 to an unprecedented precision: the goal is 0.14 parts per million (ppm). The new experiment will require upgrades of detectors, electronics and data acquisition equipment to handle the much higher data volumes and slightly higher instantaneous rates. In particular, it will require a continuous monitoring and state-of-art calibration of the detectors, whose response may vary on both the millisecond and hour long timescale. The calibration system is composed ofmore » six laser sources and a light distribution system will provide short light pulses directly into each crystal (54) of the 24 calorimeters which measure energy and arrival time of the decay positrons. A Laser Control board will manage the interface between the experiment and the laser source, allowing the generation of light pulses according to specific needs including detector calibration, study of detector performance in running conditions, evaluation of DAQ performance. Here we present and discuss the main features of the Laser Control board.« less
Diagnostics of the Fermilab Tevatron using an AC dipole
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Miyamoto, Ryoichi
2008-08-01
The Fermilab Tevatron is currently the world's highest energy colliding beam facility. Its counter-rotating proton and antiproton beams collide at 2 TeV center-of-mass. Delivery of such intense beam fluxes to experiments has required improved knowledge of the Tevatron's beam optical lattice. An oscillating dipole magnet, referred to as an AC dipole, is one of such a tool to non-destructively assess the optical properties of the synchrotron. We discusses development of an AC dipole system for the Tevatron, a fast-oscillating (f ~ 20 kHz) dipole magnet which can be adiabatically turned on and off to establish sustained coherent oscillations of themore » beam particles without affecting the transverse emittance. By utilizing an existing magnet and a higher power audio amplifier, the cost of the Tevatron AC dipole system became relatively inexpensive. We discuss corrections which must be applied to the driven oscillation measurements to obtain the proper interpretation of beam optical parameters from AC dipole studies. After successful operations of the Tevatron AC dipole system, AC dipole systems, similar to that in the Tevatron, will be build for the CERN LHC. We present several measurements of linear optical parameters (beta function and phase advance) for the Tevatron, as well as studies of non-linear perturbations from sextupole and octupole elements.« less
Medium energy proton radiation damage to (AlGa)As-GaAs solar cells
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Loo, R. Y.; Kamath, G. S.; Knechtli, R. C.
1982-01-01
The performance of (AlGa)As-GaAs solar cells irradiated by medium energy 2, 5, and 10 MeV protons was evaluated. The Si cells without coverglass and a number of GaAs solar cells with 12 mil coverglass were irradiated simultaneously with bare GaAs cells. The cell degradation is directly related to the penetration of depth of protons with GaAs. The influence of periodic and continuous thermal annealing on the GaAs solar cells was investigated.
Multi-Physics Analysis of the Fermilab Booster RF Cavity
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Awida, M.; Reid, J.; Yakovlev, V.
After about 40 years of operation the RF accelerating cavities in Fermilab Booster need an upgrade to improve their reliability and to increase the repetition rate in order to support a future experimental program. An increase in the repetitio n rate from 7 to 15 Hz entails increasing the power dissipation in the RF cavities, their ferrite loaded tuners, and HOM dampers. The increased duty factor requires careful modelling for the RF heating effects in the cavity. A multi-physic analysis invest igating both the RF and thermal properties of Booster cavity under various operating conditions is presented in this paper.
Multi-Physics Analysis of the Fermilab Booster RF Cavity
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Awida, M.; Reid, J.; Yakovlev, V.
After about 40 years of operation the RF accelerating cavities in Fermilab Booster need an upgrade to improve their reliability and to increase the repetition rate in order to support a future experimental program. An increase in the repetition rate from 7 to 15 Hz entails increasing the power dissipation in the RF cavities, their ferrite loaded tuners, and HOM dampers. The increased duty factor requires careful modelling for the RF heating effects in the cavity. A multi-physic analysis investigating both the RF and thermal properties of Booster cavity under various operating conditions is presented in this paper.
Studies for a Dedicated B Detector at the Fermilab Collider
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
McBride, Patricia
1996-06-01
The observation of CP violation in the B system is one of the great experimental challenges of the next decade. Several B factories are already planned, however, there will be many interesting measurements awaiting a second generation of B exeriments. Studies are being carried out to design a dedicated collider B experiment for the Tevatron at Fermilab. A dedicated B detector at a hadron collider will have a physics reach beyond that of experiments scheduled to begin operation before the end of the decade.
Energy-efficient boarder node medium access control protocol for wireless sensor networks.
Razaque, Abdul; Elleithy, Khaled M
2014-03-12
This paper introduces the design, implementation, and performance analysis of the scalable and mobility-aware hybrid protocol named boarder node medium access control (BN-MAC) for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which leverages the characteristics of scheduled and contention-based MAC protocols. Like contention-based MAC protocols, BN-MAC achieves high channel utilization, network adaptability under heavy traffic and mobility, and low latency and overhead. Like schedule-based MAC protocols, BN-MAC reduces idle listening time, emissions, and collision handling at low cost at one-hop neighbor nodes and achieves high channel utilization under heavy network loads. BN-MAC is particularly designed for region-wise WSNs. Each region is controlled by a boarder node (BN), which is of paramount importance. The BN coordinates with the remaining nodes within and beyond the region. Unlike other hybrid MAC protocols, BN-MAC incorporates three promising models that further reduce the energy consumption, idle listening time, overhearing, and congestion to improve the throughput and reduce the latency. One of the models used with BN-MAC is automatic active and sleep (AAS), which reduces the ideal listening time. When nodes finish their monitoring process, AAS lets them automatically go into the sleep state to avoid the idle listening state. Another model used in BN-MAC is the intelligent decision-making (IDM) model, which helps the nodes sense the nature of the environment. Based on the nature of the environment, the nodes decide whether to use the active or passive mode. This decision power of the nodes further reduces energy consumption because the nodes turn off the radio of the transceiver in the passive mode. The third model is the least-distance smart neighboring search (LDSNS), which determines the shortest efficient path to the one-hop neighbor and also provides cross-layering support to handle the mobility of the nodes. The BN-MAC also incorporates a semi
Energy-Efficient Boarder Node Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Razaque, Abdul; Elleithy, Khaled M.
2014-01-01
This paper introduces the design, implementation, and performance analysis of the scalable and mobility-aware hybrid protocol named boarder node medium access control (BN-MAC) for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which leverages the characteristics of scheduled and contention-based MAC protocols. Like contention-based MAC protocols, BN-MAC achieves high channel utilization, network adaptability under heavy traffic and mobility, and low latency and overhead. Like schedule-based MAC protocols, BN-MAC reduces idle listening time, emissions, and collision handling at low cost at one-hop neighbor nodes and achieves high channel utilization under heavy network loads. BN-MAC is particularly designed for region-wise WSNs. Each region is controlled by a boarder node (BN), which is of paramount importance. The BN coordinates with the remaining nodes within and beyond the region. Unlike other hybrid MAC protocols, BN-MAC incorporates three promising models that further reduce the energy consumption, idle listening time, overhearing, and congestion to improve the throughput and reduce the latency. One of the models used with BN-MAC is automatic active and sleep (AAS), which reduces the ideal listening time. When nodes finish their monitoring process, AAS lets them automatically go into the sleep state to avoid the idle listening state. Another model used in BN-MAC is the intelligent decision-making (IDM) model, which helps the nodes sense the nature of the environment. Based on the nature of the environment, the nodes decide whether to use the active or passive mode. This decision power of the nodes further reduces energy consumption because the nodes turn off the radio of the transceiver in the passive mode. The third model is the least-distance smart neighboring search (LDSNS), which determines the shortest efficient path to the one-hop neighbor and also provides cross-layering support to handle the mobility of the nodes. The BN-MAC also incorporates a semi
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Drozhdin, A.I.; Brown, B.C.; Johnson, D.E.
2007-06-01
Results of modeling with the 3-D STRUCT and MARS15 codes of beam loss localization and related radiation effects are presented for the slipstacking injection to the Fermilab Main Injector. Simulations of proton beam loss are done using multi-turn tracking with realistic accelerator apertures, nonlinear fields in the accelerator magnets and time function of the RF manipulations to explain the results of beam loss measurements. The collimation system consists of one primary and four secondary collimators. It intercepts a beam power of 1.6 kW at a scraping rate of 5% of 5.5E+13 ppp, with a beam loss rate in the ringmore » outside the collimation region of 1 W/m or less. Based on thorough energy deposition and radiation modeling, a corresponding collimator design was developed that satisfies all the radiation and engineering constraints.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Lincoln, Don
2014-04-15
Scientists were shocked in 1998 when the expansion of the universe wasn't slowing down as expected by our best understanding of gravity at the time; the expansion was speeding up! That observation is just mind blowing, and yet it is true. In order to explain the data, physicists had to resurrect an abandoned idea of Einstein's now called dark energy. In this video, Fermilab's Dr. Don Lincoln tells us a little about the observations that led to the hypothesis of dark energy and what is the status of current research on the subject.
Lincoln, Don
2018-01-16
Scientists were shocked in 1998 when the expansion of the universe wasn't slowing down as expected by our best understanding of gravity at the time; the expansion was speeding up! That observation is just mind blowing, and yet it is true. In order to explain the data, physicists had to resurrect an abandoned idea of Einstein's now called dark energy. In this video, Fermilab's Dr. Don Lincoln tells us a little about the observations that led to the hypothesis of dark energy and what is the status of current research on the subject.
Solar collector having a solid transmission medium
Schertz, William W.; Zwerdling, Solomon
1977-06-14
There is provided a radiant energy transmission device capable of operation in a concentrative mode in which energy incident on an entrance area is directed toward and concentrated on an exit area of smaller area than the entrance area. The device includes a solid radiant energy transmission medium having surfaces coincident with the entrance and exit areas and particularly contoured reflective side walls. The surface coinciding with the entrance area is coupled to a cover plate formed of a radiant energy transmissive material. An energy transducer is coupled to the surface of the medium coinciding with the exit area.
A Panel Prototype for the Mu2e Straw Tube Tracker at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Lucà, Alessandra
The Mu2e experiment will search for coherent, neutrino-less conversion of muons into electrons in the Coulomb field of an aluminum nucleus with a sensitivity of four orders of magnitude better than previous experiments. The signature of this process is an electron with energy nearly equal to the muon mass. Mu2e relies on a precision (0.1%) measurement of the outgoing electron momentum to separate signal from background. In order to achieve this goal, Mu2e has chosen a very low-mass straw tracker, made of 20,736 5 mm diameter thin-walled (15more » $$\\mu$$m) Mylar straws, held under tension to avoid the need for supports within the active volume, and arranged in an approximately 3 m long by 0.7 m radius cylinder, operated in vacuum and a 1 T magnetic field. Groups of 96 straws are assembled into modules, called panels. We present the prototype and the assembly procedure for a Mu2e tracker panel built at Fermilab« less
Design and operation of the quench protection system for the Fermilab Tevatron
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Martin, P.S.
1986-05-01
A method is required to protect the magnets of a superconducting accelerator from possible overheating or overvoltage conditions in the event that some magnets quench, that is, are elevated in temperature such that they are no longer superconducting. A brief discussion of the basic properties of superconductors and the phenomenon of quench propagation is given, followed by the configuration of a quench protection system for the Fermilab Tevatron. (LEW)
The calorimeter system of the new muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab
Alonzi, L. P.; Anastasi, A.; Bjorkquist, R.; ...
2015-12-02
The electromagnetic calorimeter for the new muon ( g–2) experiment at Fermilab will consist of arrays of PbF 2 Cerenkov crystals read out by large-area silicon photo-multiplier (SiPM) sensors. Here, we report here the requirements for this system, the achieved solution and the results obtained from a test beam using 2.0–4.5 GeV electrons with a 28-element prototype array.
Fermilab History and Archives Project | Building the Energy
beam lines and the accelerator Main Ring superconducting. Checking switchyard equipment are C. Winter (L) and R. Kolar Checking switchyard equipment are C. Winter (L) and R. Kolar According to Appel, the installation work continues in B, C, D sectors to complete the entire Energy Saver complex. It is an exciting
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Abeyratne, S; Ahmed, S; Barber, D
2012-08-01
Researchers have envisioned an electron-ion collider with ion species up to heavy ions, high polarization of electrons and light ions, and a well-matched center-of-mass energy range as an ideal gluon microscope to explore new frontiers of nuclear science. In its most recent Long Range Plan, the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) of the US Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation endorsed such a collider in the form of a 'half-recommendation.' As a response to this science need, Jefferson Lab and its user community have been engaged in feasibility studies of a medium energy polarized electron-ion collider (MEIC), cost-effectivelymore » utilizing Jefferson Lab's already existing Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). In close collaboration, this community of nuclear physicists and accelerator scientists has rigorously explored the science case and design concept for this envisioned grand instrument of science. An electron-ion collider embodies the vision of reaching the next frontier in Quantum Chromodynamics - understanding the behavior of hadrons as complex bound states of quarks and gluons. Whereas the 12 GeV Upgrade of CEBAF will map the valence-quark components of the nucleon and nuclear wave functions in detail, an electron-ion collider will determine the largely unknown role sea quarks play and for the first time study the glue that binds all atomic nuclei. The MEIC will allow nuclear scientists to map the spin and spatial structure of quarks and gluons in nucleons, to discover the collective effects of gluons in nuclei, and to understand the emergence of hadrons from quarks and gluons. The proposed electron-ion collider at Jefferson Lab will collide a highly polarized electron beam originating from the CEBAF recirculating superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) linear accelerator (linac) with highly polarized light-ion beams or unpolarized light- to heavy-ion beams from a new ion accelerator and storage complex. Since the
Ebenau, Melanie; Radeck, Désirée; Bambynek, Markus; Sommer, Holger; Flühs, Dirk; Spaan, Bernhard; Eichmann, Marion
2016-08-01
Plastic scintillation detectors are promising candidates for the dosimetry of low- to medium-energy photons but quantitative knowledge of their energy response is a prerequisite for their correct use. The purpose of this study was to characterize the energy dependent response of small scintillation detectors (active volume <1 mm(3)) made from the commonly used plastic scintillator BC400. Different detectors made from BC400 were calibrated at a number of radiation qualities ranging from 10 to 280 kV and at a (60)Co beam. All calibrations were performed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, the National Metrology Institute of Germany. The energy response in terms of air kerma, dose to water, and dose to the scintillator was determined. Conversion factors from air kerma to dose to water and to dose to the scintillator were derived from Monte Carlo simulations. In order to quantitatively describe the energy dependence, a semiempirical model known as unimolecular quenching or Birks' formula was fitted to the data and from this the response to secondary electrons generated within the scintillator material BC400 was derived. The detector energy response in terms of air kerma differs for different scintillator sizes and different detector casings. It is therefore necessary to take attenuation within the scintillator and in the casing into account when deriving the response in terms of dose to water from a calibration in terms of air kerma. The measured energy response in terms of dose to water for BC400 cannot be reproduced by the ratio of mean mass energy-absorption coefficients for polyvinyl toluene to water but shows evidence of quenching. The quenching parameter kB in Birks' formula was determined to be kB = (12.3 ± 0.9) mg MeV(-1) cm(-2). The energy response was quantified relative to the response to (60)Co which is the common radiation quality for the calibration of therapy dosemeters. The observed energy dependence could be well explained with the
Exploring the potential of short-baseline physics at Fermilab
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Miranda, O. G.; Pasquini, Pedro; Tórtola, M.; Valle, J. W. F.
2018-05-01
We study the capabilities of the short-baseline neutrino program at Fermilab to probe the unitarity of the lepton mixing matrix. We find the sensitivity to be slightly better than the current one. Motivated by the future DUNE experiment, we have also analyzed the potential of an extra liquid Argon near detector in the LBNF beamline. Adding such a near detector to the DUNE setup will substantially improve the current sensitivity on nonunitarity. This would help to remove C P degeneracies due to the new complex phase present in the neutrino mixing matrix. We also study the sensitivity of our proposed setup to light sterile neutrinos for various configurations.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Pelling, M.
1985-01-01
The technical activities, scientific results, related space hardware projects and personnel of the high energy astrophysics program are reported. The development of observational and instrumental techniques in hard X-ray (0.001 to 100 keV) and medium energy gamma-ray (0.1 to 10 MeV) astronomy are examined. Many of these techniques were developed explicitly for use on high altitude balloons where most of the scientific results were obtained. The extensive observational activity using balloons are tabulated. Virtually every research activity will eventually result in a major space hardware development effort.
The Fermilab Short-Baseline Program: MicroBooNE
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Schukraft, Anne
2016-01-01
The MicroBooNE experiment is the first of three detectors of the Fermilab short-baseline neutrino program that started operation in the Booster Neutrino Beamline in October 2015 [1]. When completed, the three-detector lineup will explore short-baseline neutrino oscillations and will be sensitive to sterile neutrino scenarios. MicroBooNE in itself is now starting its own physics program, with the measurement of neutrino-argon cross sections in the ~1GeV range being one of its main physics goals. These proceedings describe the status of the detector, the start of operation, and the automated reconstruction of the first neutrino events observed with MicroBooNE. Prospects for upcomingmore » cross section measurements are also given.« less
Fermilab Booster Transition Crossing Simulations and Beam Studies
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Bhat, C. M.; Tan, C. Y.
2016-01-01
The Fermilab Booster accelerates beam from 400 MeV to 8 GeV at 15 Hz. In the PIP (Proton Improvement Plan) era, it is required that Booster deliver 4.2 xmore » $$10^{12}$$ protons per pulse to extraction. One of the obstacles for providing quality beam to the users is the longitudinal quadrupole oscillation that the beam suffers from right after transition. Although this oscillation is well taken care of with quadrupole dampers, it is important to understand the source of these oscillations in light of the PIP II requirements that require 6.5 x $$10^{12}$$ protons per pulse at extraction. This paper explores the results from machine studies, computer simulations and solutions to prevent the quadrupole oscillations after transition.« less
R & D on Beam Injection and Bunching Schemes in the Fermilab Booster
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Bhat, C. M.
2016-01-01
Fermilab is committed to upgrade its accelerator complex to support HEP experiments at the intensity frontier. The ongoing Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) enables us to reach 700 kW beam power on the NuMI neutrino targets. By the end of the next decade, the current 400 MeV normal conducting LINAC will be replaced by an 800 MeV superconducting LINAC (PIP-II) with an increased beam power >50% of the PIP design goal. Both in PIP and PIP-II era, the existing Booster is going to play a very significant role, at least for next two decades. In the meanwhile, we have recently developedmore » an innovative beam injection and bunching scheme for the Booster called "early injection scheme" that continues to use the existing 400 MeV LINAC and implemented into operation. This scheme has the potential to increase the Booster beam intensity by >40% from the PIP design goal. Some benefits from the scheme have already been seen. In this paper, I will describe the basic principle of the scheme, results from recent beam experiments, our experience with the new scheme in operation, current status, issues and future plans. This scheme fits well with the current and future intensity upgrade programs at Fermilab.« less
First Megascience Experiment at Fermilab: Through Hardship to Protons
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Pronskikh, Vitaly; Higgins, Valerie
The E-36 experiment on the small angle proton-proton scattering that officially started in 1970, making use of the Main Ring beams and giving rise to a chain of similar experiments that continued after 1972, was the first experiment at the newly built NAL. It was also the first US/USSR collaboration in particle physics as well as the first experiment that can be confidently characterized as megascience. The experimental data were interpreted as an indication of the pomeron, a quasiparticle that had been named after the Soviet theorist I. Pomeranchuk. The idea of the experiment can be traced back to the Rochester conference held in 1970 in Kiev where two American and Soviet physicists met to develop it and later acquainted NAL director Robert Wilson with it. Wilson enthusiastically set the stage for the experiment at NAL. Involving a gas-jet target built at the Dubna machine shop of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and brought to Batavia, Illinois, the experiment established cooperation between the US and the Soviets in the spirit of their contemporary Apollo-Soyuz space program, thus breaking the ice of the Cold War from within high-energy physics. In this talk based on the Fermilab Archives and interviews, we discuss the financial and administrative obstacles raised by Soviet officials that the Russian collaborators had to overcome, interinstitutional tensions among the Soviets that accompanied the collaboration, NAL culture as well as the roles of scientists in megascience as ambassadors of peace.
A fast scintillator Compton telescope for medium-energy gamma-ray astronomy
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bloser, Peter F.; Ryan, James M.; Legere, Jason S.; Julien, Manuel; Bancroft, Christopher M.; McConnell, Mark L.; Wallace, Mark; Kippen, R. Marc; Tornga, Shawn
2010-07-01
The field of medium-energy gamma-ray astronomy urgently needs a new mission to build on the success of the COMPTEL instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. This mission must achieve sensitivity significantly greater than that of COMPTEL in order to advance the science of relativistic particle accelerators, nuclear astrophysics, and diffuse backgrounds, and bridge the gap between current and future hard X-ray missions and the high-energy Fermi mission. Such an increase in sensitivity can only come about via a dramatic decrease in the instrumental background. We are currently developing a concept for a low-background Compton telescope that employs modern scintillator technology to achieve this increase in sensitivity. Specifically, by employing LaBr3 scintillators for the calorimeter, one can take advantage of the unique speed and resolving power of this material to improve the instrument sensitivity while simultaneously enhancing its spectroscopic and imaging performance. Also, using deuterated organic scintillator in the scattering detector will reduce internal background from neutron capture. We present calibration results from a laboratory prototype of such an instrument, including time-of-flight, energy, and angular resolution, and compare them to simulation results using a detailed Monte Carlo model. We also describe the balloon payload we have built for a test flight of the instrument in the fall of 2010.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Karmgard, Daniel John
1999-01-01
We describe a search for the pair production of second generation leptoquarks that decay to muons plus other particles in 94more » $$pb^{-1}$$ of data taken with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron (center-of-mass energy $$\\sqrt{s}$$ = 1.8 TeV) from 1993{96. The search places limits on the cross sections and mass of second generation leptoquarks for various branching ratios and couplings. For both scalar leptoquarks decaying into a muon and a quark the mass limit is 200 GeV/$c^2$ while for one scalar leptoquark decaying into a muon and a quark with the other scalar leptoquark decaying into a neutrino and a quark the mass limit is 160 GeV/$c^2$ at the 95% confidence level.« less
Very High Specific Energy, Medium Power Li/CFx Primary Battery for Launchers and Space Probes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Brochard, Paul; Godillot, Gerome; Peres, Jean Paul; Corbin, Julien; Espinosa, Amaya
2014-08-01
Benchmark with existing technologies shows the advantages of the lithium-fluorinated carbon (Li/CFx) technology for use aboard future launchers in terms of a low Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), especially for high energy demanding missions such as re-ignitable upper stages for long GTO+ missions and probes for deep space exploration.This paper presents the new results obtained on this chemistry in terms of electrical and climatic performances, abuse tests and life tests. Studies - co-financed between CNES and Saft - looked at a pure CFx version with a specific energy up to 500 Wh/kg along with a medium power of 80 to 100 W/kg.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Emonts, Bernd; Schiebahn, Sebastian; Görner, Klaus; Lindenberger, Dietmar; Markewitz, Peter; Merten, Frank; Stolten, Detlef
2017-02-01
"Energiewende", which roughly translates as the transformation of the German energy sector in accordance with the imperatives of climate change, may soon become a byword for the corresponding processes most other developed countries are at various stages of undergoing. Germany's notable progress in this area offers valuable insights that other states can draw on in implementing their own transitions. The German state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) is making its own contribution to achieving the Energiewende's ambitious objectives: in addition to funding an array of 'clean and green' projects, the Virtual Institute Power to Gas and Heat was established as a consortium of seven scientific and technical organizations whose aim is to inscribe a future, renewable-based German energy system with adequate flexibility. Thus, it is tasked with conceiving of and evaluating suitable energy path options. This paper outlines one of the most promising of these pathways, which is predicated on the use of electrolytically-produced hydrogen as an energy storage medium, as well as the replacement of hydrocarbon-based fuel for most road vehicles. We describe and evaluate this path and place it in a systemic context, outlining a case study from which other countries and federated jurisdictions therein may draw inspiration.
Pion Electroproduction off 3HE and Self Energies of the Pion and the Δ Isobar in the Medium
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Richter, A.
2002-06-01
The differential coincident pion electroproduction cross section of the 3He(e,e'π+)3H reaction in the excitation region of the Δ resonance has been measured with the high resolution three-spectrometer facility at the Mainz Microtron MAMI. It was the aim of the experiment to study the influence of the nuclear medium on the properties of the pion and the Δ(1232) resonance. Two experimental methods have been applied. For fixed four-momentum transfers Q2 = 0.045 [0.100] (GeV/c)2 with the pions detected in parallel kinematics, the incident energy was varied between 555 and 855 MeV in order to separate the longitudinal (L) and transverse (T) structure functions. In the second case the emitted pions with respect to the momentum transfer direction were detected over a large angular range at fixed incident energy E0 = 855 MeV and the two fixed four-momentum transfers. From the angular distributions the LT interference term has been extracted. The experimental data are compared to model calculations which are based on the elementary pion production amplitude that contains besides the Born terms also the excitation of the Δ and higher resonances. Moreover, three-body Faddeev wave functions are used and the final state interaction of the outgoing pion is taken into account. The experimental cross sections are reproduced only after additional medium modifications of the pion and the Δ isobar have been considered in terms of self energies. In the framework of Chiral Perturbation Theory the pion self energy is related to a reduction of the π+ mass of Δ mπ + = (-1.7+1.7-2.1) MeV/c2 in the neutron-rich nuclear medium at a density of ρ = (0.057+0.085-0.057) fm-3. This result is fully consistent with the one obtained within a two-loop approximation of ChPT. It is also interesting to compare the determined negative mass shift Δm
Photonuclear activation of pure isotopic mediums.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Grohman, Mark A.; Lukosi, Eric Daniel
2010-06-01
This work simulated the response of idealized isotopic U-235, U-238, Th-232, and Pu-239 mediums to photonuclear activation with various photon energies. These simulations were conducted using MCNPX version 2.6.0. It was found that photon energies between 14-16 MeV produce the highest response with respect to neutron production rates from all photonuclear reactions. In all cases, Pu-239 responds the highest, followed by U-238. Th-232 produces more overall neutrons at lower photon energies then U-235 when material thickness is above 3.943 centimeters. The time it takes each isotopic material to reach stable neutron production rates in time is directly proportional to themore » material thickness and stopping power of the medium, where thicker mediums take longer to reach stable neutron production rates and thinner media display a neutron production plateau effect, due to the lack of significant attenuation of the activating photons in the isotopic mediums. At this time, no neutron sensor system has time resolutions capable of verifying these simulations, but various indirect methods are possible and should be explored for verification of these results.« less
Longitudinal bunch monitoring at the Fermilab Tevatron and Main Injector synchrotrons
Thurman-Keup, R.; Bhat, C.; Blokland, W.; ...
2011-10-17
The measurement of the longitudinal behavior of the accelerated particle beams at Fermilab is crucial to the optimization and control of the beam and the maximizing of the integrated luminosity for the particle physics experiments. Longitudinal measurements in the Tevatron and Main Injector synchrotrons are based on the analysis of signals from resistive wall current monitors. This study describes the signal processing performed by a 2 GHz-bandwidth oscilloscope together with a computer running a LabVIEW program which calculates the longitudinal beam parameters.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Piekarz, Henryk; Hays, Steven; /Fermilab
We propose to build the DSF-MR (Double Super-Ferric Main Ring), 480 GeV, fast-cycling (2 second repetition rate) two-beam proton accelerator in the Main Ring tunnel of Fermilab. This accelerator design is based on the super-ferric magnet technology developed for the VLHC, and extended recently to the proposed LER injector for the LHC and fast cycling SF-SPS at CERN. The DSF-MR accelerator system will constitute the final stage of the proton source enabling production of two neutrino beams separated by 2 second time period. These beams will be sent alternately to two detectors located at {approx} 3000 km and {approx} 7500more » km away from Fermilab. It is expected that combination of the results from these experiments will offer more than 3 order of magnitudes increased sensitivity for detection and measurement of neutrino oscillations with respect to expectations in any current experiment, and thus may truly enable opening the window into the physics beyond the Standard Model. We examine potential sites for the long baseline neutrino detectors accepting beams from Fermilab. The current injection system consisting of 400 MeV Linac, 8 GeV Booster and the Main Injector can be used to accelerate protons to 45 GeV before transferring them to the DSF-MR. The implementation of the DSF-MR will allow for an 8-fold increase in beam power on the neutrino production target. In this note we outline the proposed new arrangement of the Fermilab accelerator complex. We also briefly describe the DSF-MR magnet design and its power supply, and discuss necessary upgrade of the Tevatron RF system for the use with the DSF-MR accelerator. Finally, we outline the required R&D, cost estimate and possible timeline for the implementation of the DSF-MR accelerator.« less
Comparison of the NIST and BIPM Medium-Energy X-Ray Air-Kerma Measurements
Burns, D. T.; O’Brien, M.; Lamperti, P.; Boutillon, M.
2003-01-01
The air-kerma standards used for the measurement of medium-energy x rays were compared at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The comparison involved a series of measurements at the BIPM and the NIST using the air-kerma standards and two NIST reference-class transfer ionization standards. Reference beam qualities in the range from 60 kV to 300 kV were used. The results show the standards to be in agreement within the combined standard uncertainty of the comparison of 0.35 %. PMID:27413616
Lowest-energy cage structures of medium-sized (ZnO){sub n} clusters with n = 15 − 24
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Tang, Lingli; Sai, Linwei; Zhao, Jijun, E-mail: zhaojj@dlut.edu.cn
2015-01-22
Fullerene-like cage structures of medium-sized (ZnO){sub n} clusters with n = 15 − 24 were generated by spiral algorithm and optimized using density functional theory calculations. Most of these lowest-energy cage structures contain only four-membered and six-membered rings, whereas eight-membered rings were found in the lowest-energy cages of (ZnO){sub n} (n = 19, 20, 23, 24). Our best cage configurations either reproduce or prevail the previously reported ones. The size-dependent electronic properties were also discussed.
Cryogenic System for the Cryomodule Test Stand at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
White, Michael J.; Hansen, Benjamin; Klebaner, Arkadiy
This paper describes the cryogenic system for the Cryomodule Test Stand (CMTS) at the new Cryomodule Test Facility (CMTF) located at Fermilab. CMTS is designed for production testing of the 1.3 GHz and 3.9GHz cryomodules to be used in the Linac Coherent Light Source II (LCLSII), which is an upgrade to an existing accelerator at Stanford Linear Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC). This paper will focus on the cryogenic system that extends from the helium refrigeration plant to the CMTS cave. Topics covered will include component design, installation and commissioning progress, and operational plans. The paper will conclude with a description ofmore » the heat load measurement plan.« less
FERMILAB ACCELERATOR R&D PROGRAM TOWARDS INTENSITY FRONTIER ACCELERATORS : STATUS AND PROGRESS
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Shiltsev, Vladimir
2016-11-15
The 2014 P5 report indicated the accelerator-based neutrino and rare decay physics research as a centrepiece of the US domestic HEP program at Fermilab. Operation, upgrade and development of the accelerators for the near- term and longer-term particle physics program at the Intensity Frontier face formidable challenges. Here we discuss key elements of the accelerator physics and technology R&D program toward future multi-MW proton accelerators and present its status and progress. INTENSITY FRONTIER ACCELERATORS
Charge-equilibrium and radiation of low-energy cosmic rays passing through interstellar medium
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rule, D. W.; Omidvar, K.
1977-01-01
The charge equilibrium and radiation of an oxygen and an iron beam in the MeV per nucleon energy range, representing a typical beam of low-energy cosmic rays passing through the interstellar medium, is considered. Electron loss of the beam has been taken into account by means of the First Born approximation allowing for the target atom to remain unexcited, or to be excited to all possible states. Electron capture cross sections have been calculated by means of the scaled Oppenheimer-Brinkman-Kramers approximation, taking into account all atomic shells of the target atoms. Radiation of the beam due to electron capture into the excited states of the ion, collisional excitation and collisional inner-shell ionization of the ions has been considered. Effective X-ray production cross sections and multiplicities for the most energetic X-ray lines emitted by the Fe and O beams have been calculated.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Monford, L. G.
1976-01-01
The use of low- and medium-energy gases derived from solid waste is investigated. Gases that simulate those gases that could be derived from refuse were injected into the air inlet of a 298-kilowatt (400 horsepower) diesel engine as a fuel supplement. This process is called fumigation. Three different gases with thermal-energy contents of 6.11 MJ/cu m (164 Btu/cu ft), 18.1 MJ/cu m (485 Btu/cu ft), and 18.8 MJ/cu m (505 Btu/cu ft, respectively, were used at rates ranging as high as 20 percent of the normal fuel oil energy at four different engine load points. The test results indicated approximately 100 percent gas energy utilization with no observable deleterious effect on the engine.
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab: Design and status
Donghia, R.
2017-12-18
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for coherent, neutrinoless conversion of negative muons into electrons in the field of an aluminum nucleus. The dynamics of such charged lepton flavour violating (CLFV) process is a twobody decay, resulting in a mono-energetic electron with an energy slightly below the muon rest mass. If no events are observed in three years of running, Mu2e will set an upper limit on the ratio between the conversion and the capture rates Rμe of ≤ 6 × 10 -17 (@90% C.L.). This will improve the current limit of four order of magnitudes with respect tomore » the previous best experiment. Mu2e complements and extends the current search for μ → eγ decay at MEG as well as the direct searches for new physics at the LHC. Indeed, such a CLFV process probes new physics at a scale inaccessible to direct searches at either present or planned high energy colliders. Observation of a signal will be a clear evidence for new physics beyond the Standard Model. To search for the muon conversion process, a very intense pulsed beam of negative muons (~ 10 10 μ/s) is stopped on an aluminum target inside a very long solenoid where the detector is also located. The Mu2e detector is composed of a straw tube tracker and an electromagnetic calorimeter consisting of arrays of CsI crystals. An external veto for cosmic rays is surrounding the detector solenoid. In 2016, Mu2e has passed the final approval stage from DOE and has started its construction phase. Data collection is planned for the end of 2021. Lastly, an overview of the physics motivations for Mu2e, the current status of the experiment and design of the muon beam-line and the detector is presented.« less
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab: Design and status
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Donghia, R.
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for coherent, neutrinoless conversion of negative muons into electrons in the field of an aluminum nucleus. The dynamics of such charged lepton flavour violating (CLFV) process is a twobody decay, resulting in a mono-energetic electron with an energy slightly below the muon rest mass. If no events are observed in three years of running, Mu2e will set an upper limit on the ratio between the conversion and the capture rates Rμe of ≤ 6 × 10 -17 (@90% C.L.). This will improve the current limit of four order of magnitudes with respect tomore » the previous best experiment. Mu2e complements and extends the current search for μ → eγ decay at MEG as well as the direct searches for new physics at the LHC. Indeed, such a CLFV process probes new physics at a scale inaccessible to direct searches at either present or planned high energy colliders. Observation of a signal will be a clear evidence for new physics beyond the Standard Model. To search for the muon conversion process, a very intense pulsed beam of negative muons (~ 10 10 μ/s) is stopped on an aluminum target inside a very long solenoid where the detector is also located. The Mu2e detector is composed of a straw tube tracker and an electromagnetic calorimeter consisting of arrays of CsI crystals. An external veto for cosmic rays is surrounding the detector solenoid. In 2016, Mu2e has passed the final approval stage from DOE and has started its construction phase. Data collection is planned for the end of 2021. Lastly, an overview of the physics motivations for Mu2e, the current status of the experiment and design of the muon beam-line and the detector is presented.« less
Development of the beam extraction synchronization system at the Fermilab Booster
Seiya, K.; Chaurize, S.; Drennan, C. C.; ...
2015-07-28
The new beam extraction synchronization control system called “Magnetic Cogging” was developed at the Fermilab Booster and it replaces a system called “RF Cogging” as part of the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP). [1] The flux throughput goal for the PIP is 2.2×10 17 protons per hour, which is double the present flux. Thus, the flux increase will be accomplished by doubling the number of beam cycles which, in turn, will double the beam loss in the Booster accelerator if nothing else is done.
CP violation experiment at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Hsiung, Yee B.
1990-07-01
The E731 experiment at Fermilab has searched for direct'' CP violation in K{sup 0} {yields} {pi}{pi}, which is parametrized by {var epsilon}{prime}/{var epsilon}. For the first time, in 20% of the data set, all four modes of the K{sub L,S} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}} ({pi}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0}) were collected simultaneously, providing a great check on the systematic uncertainty. The result is Re({var epsilon}{prime}/{var epsilon}) = {minus}0.0004 {plus minus} 0.0014 (stat) {plus minus} 0.0006(syst), which provides no evidence for direct'' CP violation. The CPT symmetry has also been tested by measuring the phase difference {Delta}{phi} = {phi}{sub 00} {minus} {phi}{sub {plusmore » minus}} between the two CP violating parameters {eta}{sub 00} and {eta}{sub {plus minus}}. We fine {Delta}{phi} = {minus}0.3{degrees} {plus minus} 2.4{degree}(stat) {plus minus} 1.2{degree}(syst). Using this together with the world average {phi}{sub {plus minus}}, we fine that the phase of the K{sup 0}-{bar K}{sup 0} mixing parameter {var epsilon} is 44.5{degree} {plus minus} 1.5{degree}. Both of these results agree well with the predictions of CPT symmetry. 17 refs., 10 figs.« less
Short- and medium-chain fatty acids in energy metabolism: the cellular perspective
Schönfeld, Peter; Wojtczak, Lech
2016-01-01
Short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFAs and MCFAs), independently of their cellular signaling functions, are important substrates of the energy metabolism and anabolic processes in mammals. SCFAs are mostly generated by colonic bacteria and are predominantly metabolized by enterocytes and liver, whereas MCFAs arise mostly from dietary triglycerides, among them milk and dairy products. A common feature of SCFAs and MCFAs is their carnitine-independent uptake and intramitochondrial activation to acyl-CoA thioesters. Contrary to long-chain fatty acids, the cellular metabolism of SCFAs and MCFAs depends to a lesser extent on fatty acid-binding proteins. SCFAs and MCFAs modulate tissue metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, as manifested by a mostly inhibitory effect on glycolysis and stimulation of lipogenesis or gluconeogenesis. SCFAs and MCFAs exert no or only weak protonophoric and lytic activities in mitochondria and do not significantly impair the electron transport in the respiratory chain. SCFAs and MCFAs modulate mitochondrial energy production by two mechanisms: they provide reducing equivalents to the respiratory chain and partly decrease efficacy of oxidative ATP synthesis. PMID:27080715
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Cox, K. E.
1976-01-01
Coal, though abundant in certain geographical locations of the USA poses environmental problems associated with its mining and combustion. Also, nuclear fission energy appears to have problems regarding safety and radioactive waste disposal that are as yet unresolved. The paper discusses hydrogen use and market projection along with energy sources for hydrogen production. Particular attention is given to hydrogen production technology as related to electrolysis and thermochemical water decomposition. Economics of hydrogen will ultimately be determined by the price and availability of future energy carriers such as electricity and synthetic natural gas. Thermochemical methods of hydrogen production appear to offer promise largely in the efficiency of energy conversion and in capital costs over electrolytic methods.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kasahara, Satoshi; Yokota, Shoichiro; Mitani, Takefumi; Asamura, Kazushi; Hirahara, Masafumi; Shibano, Yasuko; Takashima, Takeshi
2018-05-01
The medium-energy particle experiments—electron analyzer onboard the exploration of energization and radiation in geospace spacecraft measures the energy and direction of each incoming electron in the energy range of 7-87 keV. The sensor covers a 2 π-radian disklike field of view with 16 detectors, and the full solid angle coverage is achieved through the spacecraft's spin motion. The electron energy is independently measured by both an electrostatic analyzer and avalanche photodiodes, enabling significant background reduction. We describe the technical approach, data output, and examples of initial observations.[Figure not available: see fulltext.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Brice, S. J.; Cooper, R. L.; DeJongh, F.
2014-04-03
We present an experimental method for measuring the process of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CENNS). This method uses a detector situated transverse to a high-energy neutrino beam production target. This detector would be sensitive to the low-energy neutrinos arising from decay-at-rest pions in the target. We discuss the physics motivation for making this measurement and outline the predicted backgrounds and sensitivities using this approach. We report a measurement of neutron backgrounds as found in an off-axis surface location of the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) target. The results indicate that the Fermilab BNB target is a favorable location for amore » CENNS experiment.« less
Slip-stacking Dynamics for High-Power Proton Beams at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Eldred, Jeffrey Scott
Slip-stacking is a particle accelerator configuration used to store two particle beams with different momenta in the same ring. The two beams are longitudinally focused by two radiofrequency (RF) cavities with a small frequency difference between them. Each beam is synchronized to one RF cavity and perturbed by the other RF cavity. Fermilab uses slip-stacking in the Recycler so as to double the power of the 120 GeV proton beam in the Main Injector. This dissertation investigates the dynamics of slip-stacking beams analytically, numerically and experimentally. In the analytic analysis, I find the general trajectory of stable slip-stacking particles andmore » identify the slip-stacking parametric resonances. In the numerical analysis, I characterize the stable phase-space area and model the particle losses. In particular, I evaluate the impact of upgrading the Fermilab Booster cycle-rate from 15 Hz to 20 Hz as part of the Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II). The experimental analysis is used to verify my approach to simulating slip-stacking loss. I design a study for measuring losses from the longitudinal single-particle dynamics of slip-stacking as a function of RF cavity voltage and RF frequency separation. I further propose the installation of a harmonic RF cavity and study the dynamics of this novel slip-stacking configuration. I show the harmonic RF cavity cancels out parametric resonances in slip-stacking, reduces emittance growth during slip-stacking, and dramatically enhances the stable phase-space area. The harmonic cavity is expected to reduce slip-stacking losses to far exceed PIP-II requirements. These results raise the possibility of extending slip-stacking beyond the PIP-II era.« less
Early Beam Injection Scheme for the Fermilab Booster: A Path for Intensity Upgrade
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Bhat, C. M.
Over the past decade, Fermilab has focused efforts on the intensity frontier physics and is committed to increase the average beam power delivered to the neutrino and muon programs substantially. Many upgrades to the existing injector accelerators, namely, the current 400 MeV LINAC and the Booster, are in progress under the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP). Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II) proposes to replace the existing 400 MeV LINAC by a new 800 MeV LINAC, as an injector to the Booster which will increase Booster output power by nearly a factor of two from the PIP design value by the end ofmore » its completion. In any case, the Fermilab Booster is going to play a very significant role for nearly next two decades. In this context, I have developed and investigated a new beam injection scheme called "early injection scheme" (EIS) for the Booster with the goal to significantly increase the beam intensity output from the Booster thereby increasing the beam power to the HEP experiments even before PIP-II era. The scheme, if implemented, will also help improve the slip-stacking efficiency in the MI/RR. Here I present results from recent simulations, beam studies, current status and future plans for the new scheme.« less
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Freyer, Tim; Hensler, Gerhard; Yorke, Harold W.
2003-01-01
We present results of numerical simulations carried out with a two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics code in order to study the impact of massive stars on their surrounding interstellar medium. This first paper deals with the evolution of the circumstellar gas around an isolated 60 M. star. The interaction of the photo- ionized H II region with the stellar wind bubble forms a variety of interesting structures like shells, clouds, fingers, and spokes. These results demonstrate that complex structures found in H II regions are not necessarily relics from the time before the gas became ionized but may result from dynamical processes during the course of the H II region evolution. We have also analyzed the transfer and deposit of the stellar wind and radiation energy into the circumstellar medium until the star explodes as a supernova. Although the total mechanical wind energy supplied by the star is negligible compared to the accumulated energy of the Lyman continuum photons, the kinetic energy imparted to the circumstellar gas over the star s lifetime is 4 times higher than for a comparable windless simulation. Furthermore, the thermal energy of warm photoionized gas is lower by some 55%). Our results document the necessity to consider both ionizing radiation and stellar winds for an appropriate description of the interaction of OB stars with their circumstellar environment.
Research in High Energy Physics at Duke University
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Kotwal, Ashutosh V.; Goshaw, Al; Kruse, Mark
2013-07-29
This is the Closeout Report for the research grant in experimental elementary particle physics, carried out by the Duke University High Energy Physics (HEP) group. We re- port on physics results and detector development carried out under this grant, focussing on the recent three-year grant period (2010 to 2013). The Duke HEP group consisted of seven faculty members, two senior scientists, ve postdocs and eight graduate students. There were three thrusts of the research program. Measurements at the energy frontier at CDF and ATLAS were used to test aspects of elementary particle theory described by the Stan- dard Model (SM)more » and to search for new forces and particles beyond those contained within the SM. The neutrino sector was explored using data obtained from a large neutrino detector located in Japan, and R & D was conducted on new experiments to be built in the US. The measurements provided information about neutrino masses and the manner in which neutri- nos change species in particle beams. Two years ago we have started a new research program in rare processes based on the Mu2E experiment at Fermilab. This research is motivated by the search for the ! e transition with unprecedented sensitivity, a transition forbidden in the standard model but allowed in supersymmetric and other models of new physics. The high energy research program used proton and antiproton colliding beams. The experiments were done at the Fermilab Tevatron (proton-antiproton collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV) and at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (proton-proton collisions at 7-8 TeV). The neutrino program used data obtained from the Super-Kamiokande detec- tor. This water- lled Cherenkov counter was used to detect and measure the properties of neutrinos produced in cosmic ray showers, and from neutrino beams produced from acceler- ators in Japan. The Mu2E experiment will use a special stopped muon beam to be built at Fermilab.« less
Research in High Energy Physics at Duke University
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Goshaw, Alfred; Kotwal, Ashutosh; Kruse, Mark
2013-07-29
This is the Closeout Report for the research grant in experimental elementary particle physics, carried out by the Duke University High Energy Physics (HEP) group. We re- port on physics results and detector development carried out under this grant, focussing on the recent three-year grant period (2010 to 2013). The Duke HEP group consisted of seven faculty members, two senior scientists, five postdocs and eight graduate students. There were three thrusts of the research program. Measurements at the energy frontier at CDF and ATLAS were used to test aspects of elementary particle theory described by the Stan- dard Model (SM)more » and to search for new forces and particles beyond those contained within the SM. The neutrino sector was explored using data obtained from a large neutrino detector located in Japan, and R & D was conducted on new experiments to be built in the US. The measurements provided information about neutrino masses and the manner in which neutri- nos change species in particle beams. Two years ago we have started a new research program in rare processes based on the Mu2E experiment at Fermilab. This research is motivated by the search for the {mu} {yields} e transition with unprecedented sensitivity, a transition forbidden in the standard model but allowed in supersymmetric and other models of new physics. The high energy research program used proton and antiproton colliding beams. The experiments were done at the Fermilab Tevatron (proton-antiproton collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV) and at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (proton-proton collisions at 7-8 TeV). The neutrino program used data obtained from the Super-Kamiokande detector. This water-filled Cherenkov counter was used to detect and measure the properties of neutrinos produced in cosmic ray showers, and from neutrino beams produced from acceler- ators in Japan. The Mu2E experiment will use a special stopped muon beam to be built at Fermilab.« less
Accelerator performance analysis of the Fermilab Muon Campus
Stratakis, Diktys; Convery, Mary E.; Johnstone, Carol; ...
2017-11-21
Fermilab is dedicated to hosting world-class experiments in search of new physics that will operate in the coming years. The Muon g-2 Experiment is one such experiment that will determine with unprecedented precision the muon anomalous magnetic moment, which offers an important test of the Standard Model. We describe in this study the accelerator facility that will deliver a muon beam to this experiment. We first present the lattice design that allows for efficient capture, transport, and delivery of polarized muon beams. We then numerically examine its performance by simulating pion production in the target, muon collection by the downstreammore » beam line optics, as well as transport of muon polarization. Lastly, we finally establish the conditions required for the safe removal of unwanted secondary particles that minimizes contamination of the final beam.« less
Pinto, M; Pimpinella, M; Quini, M; D'Arienzo, M; Astefanoaei, I; Loreti, S; Guerra, A S
2016-02-21
The Italian National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology (ENEA-INMRI) has designed and built a graphite calorimeter that, in a water phantom, has allowed the determination of the absorbed dose to water in medium-energy x-rays with generating voltages from 180 to 250 kV. The new standard is a miniaturized three-bodies calorimeter, with a disc-shaped core of 21 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness weighing 1.134 g, sealed in a PMMA waterproof envelope with air-evacuated gaps. The measured absorbed dose to graphite is converted into absorbed dose to water by means of an energy-dependent conversion factor obtained from Monte Carlo simulations. Heat-transfer correction factors were determined by FEM calculations. At a source-to-detector distance of 100 cm, a depth in water of 2 g cm(-2), and at a dose rate of about 0.15 Gy min(-1), results of calorimetric measurements of absorbed dose to water, D(w), were compared to experimental determinations, D wK, obtained via an ionization chamber calibrated in terms of air kerma, according to established dosimetry protocols. The combined standard uncertainty of D(w) and D(wK) were estimated as 1.9% and 1.7%, respectively. The two absorbed dose to water determinations were in agreement within 1%, well below the stated measurement uncertainties. Advancements are in progress to extend the measurement capability of the new in-water-phantom graphite calorimeter to other filtered medium-energy x-ray qualities and to reduce the D(w) uncertainty to around 1%. The new calorimeter represents the first implementation of in-water-phantom graphite calorimetry in the kilovoltage range and, allowing independent determinations of D(w), it will contribute to establish a robust system of absorbed dose to water primary standards for medium-energy x-ray beams.
The Fermilab Muon g-2 experiment: laser calibration system
Karuza, M.; Anastasi, A.; Basti, A.; ...
2017-08-17
The anomalous muon dipole magnetic moment can be measured (and calculated) with great precision thus providing insight on the Standard Model and new physics. Currently an experiment is under construction at Fermilab (U.S.A.) which is expected to measure the anomalous muon dipole magnetic moment with unprecedented precision. One of the improvements with respect to the previous experiments is expected to come from the laser calibration system which has been designed and constructed by the Italian part of the collaboration (INFN). Furthermore, an emphasis of this paper will be on the calibration system that is in the final stages of constructionmore » as well as the experiment which is expected to start data taking this year.« less
Fermilab | Science at Fermilab | Experiments & Projects | Energy Frontier |
Collider The LHC at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is the largest, most complex and . Physicists take interest in collisions that stand out due to the force of their impact or for the types of identify the types of particles created by the collisions and to determine if they have discovered
Overview of torus magnet coil production at Fermilab for the Jefferson Lab 12-GeV Hall B upgrade
Krave, S.; Velev, G.; Makarov, A.; ...
2016-02-29
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) fabricated the torus magnet coils for the 12-GeV Hall B upgrade at Jefferson Lab (JLab). The production consisted of six large superconducting coils for the magnet and two spare coils. The toroidal field coils are approximately 2 m × 4 m × 5 cm thick. Each of these coils consists of two layers, each of which has 117 turns of copper-stabilized superconducting cable, which will be conduction cooled by supercritical helium. Due to the size of the coils and their unique geometry, Fermilab designed and fabricated specialized tooling and, together with JLab, developed unique manufacturingmore » techniques for each stage of the coil construction. Furthermore, this paper describes the tooling and manufacturing techniques required to produce the six production coils and the two spare coils needed by the project.« less
Magnet reliability in the Fermilab Main Injector and implications for the ILC
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Tartaglia, M.A.; Blowers, J.; Capista, D.
2007-08-01
The International Linear Collider reference design requires over 13000 magnets, of approximately 135 styles, which must operate with very high reliability. The Fermilab Main Injector represents a modern machine with many conventional magnet styles, each of significant quantity, that has now accumulated many hundreds of magnet-years of operation. We review here the performance of the magnets built for this machine, assess their reliability and categorize the failure modes, and discuss implications for reliability of similar magnet styles expected to be used at the ILC.
Cable testing for Fermilab's high field magnets using small racetrack coils
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Feher, S.; Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.
As part of the High Field Magnet program at Fermilab simple magnets have been designed utilizing small racetrack coils based on a sound mechanical structure and bladder technique developed by LBNL. Two of these magnets have been built in order to test Nb{sub 3}Sn cables used in cos-theta dipole models. The powder-in-tube strand based cable exhibited excellent performance. It reached its critical current limit within 14 quenches. Modified jelly roll strand based cable performance was limited by magnetic instabilities at low fields as previously tested dipole models which used similar cable.
Preliminary Modelling of Radiation Levels at the Fermilab PIP-II Linac
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Lari, L.; Cerutti, F.; Esposito, L. S.
PIP-II is the Fermilab's flagship project for providing powerful, high-intensity proton beams to the laboratory's experiments. The heart of PIP-II is an 800-MeV superconducting linac accelerator. It will be located in a new tunnel with new service buildings and connected to the present Booster through a new transfer line. To support the design of civil engineering and mechanical integration, this paper provides preliminary estimation of radiation level in the gallery at an operational beam loss limit of 0.1 W/m, by means of Monte Carlo calculations with FLUKA and MARS15 codes.
Lee, Kilhung
2010-01-01
This paper presents a medium access control and scheduling scheme for wireless sensor networks. It uses time trees for sending data from the sensor node to the base station. For an energy efficient operation of the sensor networks in a distributed manner, time trees are built in order to reduce the collision probability and to minimize the total energy required to send data to the base station. A time tree is a data gathering tree where the base station is the root and each sensor node is either a relaying or a leaf node of the tree. Each tree operates in a different time schedule with possibly different activation rates. Through the simulation, the proposed scheme that uses time trees shows better characteristics toward burst traffic than the previous energy and data arrival rate scheme. PMID:22319270
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Escobar, C. O.; Rubinov, P.; Tilly, E.
After a short review of previous attempts to observe and measure the near-infrared scintillation in liquid argon, we present new results obtained with NIR, a dedicated cryostat at the Fermilab Proton Assembly Building (PAB). The new results give confidence that the near-infrared light can be used as the much needed light signal in large liquid argon time projection chambers.11 pages,
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Paiva Fonseca, Gabriel; Carlsson Tedgren, Åsa; Reniers, Brigitte; Nilsson, Josef; Persson, Maria; Yoriyaz, Hélio; Verhaegen, Frank
2015-06-01
Dose calculation in high dose rate brachytherapy with 192Ir is usually based on the TG-43U1 protocol where all media are considered to be water. Several dose calculation algorithms have been developed that are capable of handling heterogeneities with two possibilities to report dose: dose-to-medium-in-medium (Dm,m) and dose-to-water-in-medium (Dw,m). The relation between Dm,m and Dw,m for 192Ir is the main goal of this study, in particular the dependence of Dw,m on the dose calculation approach using either large cavity theory (LCT) or small cavity theory (SCT). A head and neck case was selected due to the presence of media with a large range of atomic numbers relevant to tissues and mass densities such as air, soft tissues and bone interfaces. This case was simulated using a Monte Carlo (MC) code to score: Dm,m, Dw,m (LCT), mean photon energy and photon fluence. Dw,m (SCT) was derived from MC simulations using the ratio between the unrestricted collisional stopping power of the actual medium and water. Differences between Dm,m and Dw,m (SCT or LCT) can be negligible (<1%) for some tissues e.g. muscle and significant for other tissues with differences of up to 14% for bone. Using SCT or LCT approaches leads to differences between Dw,m (SCT) and Dw,m (LCT) up to 29% for bone and 36% for teeth. The mean photon energy distribution ranges from 222 keV up to 356 keV. However, results obtained using mean photon energies are not equivalent to the ones obtained using the full, local photon spectrum. This work concludes that it is essential that brachytherapy studies clearly report the dose quantity. It further shows that while differences between Dm,m and Dw,m (SCT) mainly depend on tissue type, differences between Dm,m and Dw,m (LCT) are, in addition, significantly dependent on the local photon energy fluence spectrum which varies with distance to implanted sources.
Fermilab | Tritium at Fermilab
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Bunch length measurement at the Fermilab A0 photoinjector using a Martin-Puplett interferometer
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Thurman-Keup, Randy; Fliller, Raymond Patrick; Kazakevich, Grigory
2008-05-01
We present preliminary measurements of the electron bunch lengths at the Fermilab A0 Photoinjector using a Martin-Puplett interferometer on loan from DESY. The photoinjector provides a relatively wide range of bunch lengths through laser pulse width adjustment and compression of the beam using a magnetic chicane. We present comparisons of data with simulations that account for diffraction distortions in the signal and discuss future plans for improving the measurement.
Diffractive Higgs boson production at the Fermilab Tevatron and the CERN Large Hadron Collider.
Enberg, R; Ingelman, G; Kissavos, A; Tîmneanu, N
2002-08-19
Improved possibilities to find the Higgs boson in diffractive events, having less hadronic activity, depend on whether the cross section is large enough. Based on the soft color interaction models that successfully describe diffractive hard scattering at DESY HERA and the Fermilab Tevatron, we find that only a few diffractive Higgs events may be produced at the Tevatron, but we predict a substantial rate at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.
Short- and medium-chain fatty acids in energy metabolism: the cellular perspective.
Schönfeld, Peter; Wojtczak, Lech
2016-06-01
Short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFAs and MCFAs), independently of their cellular signaling functions, are important substrates of the energy metabolism and anabolic processes in mammals. SCFAs are mostly generated by colonic bacteria and are predominantly metabolized by enterocytes and liver, whereas MCFAs arise mostly from dietary triglycerides, among them milk and dairy products. A common feature of SCFAs and MCFAs is their carnitine-independent uptake and intramitochondrial activation to acyl-CoA thioesters. Contrary to long-chain fatty acids, the cellular metabolism of SCFAs and MCFAs depends to a lesser extent on fatty acid-binding proteins. SCFAs and MCFAs modulate tissue metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, as manifested by a mostly inhibitory effect on glycolysis and stimulation of lipogenesis or gluconeogenesis. SCFAs and MCFAs exert no or only weak protonophoric and lytic activities in mitochondria and do not significantly impair the electron transport in the respiratory chain. SCFAs and MCFAs modulate mitochondrial energy production by two mechanisms: they provide reducing equivalents to the respiratory chain and partly decrease efficacy of oxidative ATP synthesis. Copyright © 2016 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Liu, Ming Xiong
2017-03-01
In this review, we present the current status and prospects of the dark sector physics search program of the SeaQuest/E1067 fixed target dimuon experiment at Fermilab Main Injector. There has been tremendous excitement and progress in searching for new physics in the dark sector in recent years. Dark sector refers to a collection of currently unknown particles that do not directly couple with the Standard Model (SM) strong and electroweak (EW) interactions but assumed to carry gravitational force, thus could be candidates of the missing Dark Matter (DM). Such particles may interact with the SM particles through “portal” interactions. Two of the simple possibilities are being investigated in our initial search: (1) dark photon and (2) dark Higgs. They could be within immediate reach of current or near future experimental search. We show there is a unique opportunity today at Fermilab to directly search for these particles in a highly motivated but uncharted parameter space in high-energy proton-nucleus collisions in the beam-dump mode using the 120 GeV proton beam from the Main Injector. Our current search window covers the mass range 0.2-10 GeV/c2, and in the near future, by adding an electromagnetic calorimeter (EMCal) to the spectrometer, we can further explore the lower mass region down to about ˜1 MeV/c2 through the di-electron channel. If dark photons (and/or dark Higgs) were observed, they would revolutionize our understanding of the fundamental structures and interactions of our universe.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Liu, Ming Xiong
In this study, we present the current status and prospects of the dark sector physics search program of the SeaQuest/E1067 fixed target dimuon experiment at Fermilab Main Injector. There has been tremendous excitement and progress in searching for new physics in the dark sector in recent years. Dark sector refers to a collection of currently unknown particles that do not directly couple with the Standard Model (SM) strong and electroweak (EW) interactions but assumed to carry gravitational force, thus could be candidates of the missing Dark Matter (DM). Such particles may interact with the SM particles through “portal” interactions. Twomore » of the simple possibilities are being investigated in our initial search: (1) dark photon and (2) dark Higgs. They could be within immediate reach of current or near future experimental search. We show there is a unique opportunity today at Fermilab to directly search for these particles in a highly motivated but uncharted parameter space in high-energy proton–nucleus collisions in the beam-dump mode using the 120 GeV proton beam from the Main Injector. Our current search window covers the mass range 0.2–10 GeV/c 2, and in the near future, by adding an electromagnetic calorimeter (EMCal) to the spectrometer, we can further explore the lower mass region down to about ~1 MeV/c 2 through the di-electron channel. If dark photons (and/or dark Higgs) were observed, they would revolutionize our understanding of the fundamental structures and interactions of our universe.« less
Liu, Ming Xiong
2017-03-14
In this study, we present the current status and prospects of the dark sector physics search program of the SeaQuest/E1067 fixed target dimuon experiment at Fermilab Main Injector. There has been tremendous excitement and progress in searching for new physics in the dark sector in recent years. Dark sector refers to a collection of currently unknown particles that do not directly couple with the Standard Model (SM) strong and electroweak (EW) interactions but assumed to carry gravitational force, thus could be candidates of the missing Dark Matter (DM). Such particles may interact with the SM particles through “portal” interactions. Twomore » of the simple possibilities are being investigated in our initial search: (1) dark photon and (2) dark Higgs. They could be within immediate reach of current or near future experimental search. We show there is a unique opportunity today at Fermilab to directly search for these particles in a highly motivated but uncharted parameter space in high-energy proton–nucleus collisions in the beam-dump mode using the 120 GeV proton beam from the Main Injector. Our current search window covers the mass range 0.2–10 GeV/c 2, and in the near future, by adding an electromagnetic calorimeter (EMCal) to the spectrometer, we can further explore the lower mass region down to about ~1 MeV/c 2 through the di-electron channel. If dark photons (and/or dark Higgs) were observed, they would revolutionize our understanding of the fundamental structures and interactions of our universe.« less
Free-air ionization chamber, FAC-IR-300, designed for medium energy X-ray dosimetry
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mohammadi, S. M.; Tavakoli-Anbaran, H.; Zeinali, H. Z.
2017-01-01
The primary standard for X-ray photons is based on parallel-plate free-air ionization chamber (FAC). Therefore, the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) is tried to design and build the free-air ionization chamber, FAC-IR-300, for low and medium energy X-ray dosimetry. The main aim of the present work is to investigate specification of the FAC-IR-300 ionization chamber and design it. FAC-IR-300 dosimeter is composed of two parallel plates, a high voltage (HV) plate and a collector plate, along with a guard electrode that surrounds the collector plate. The guard plate and the collector were separated by an air gap. For obtaining uniformity in the electric field distribution, a group of guard strips was used around the ionization chamber. These characterizations involve determining the exact dimensions of the ionization chamber by using Monte Carlo simulation and introducing correction factors.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Utaka, Yoshio; Saito, Akio; Nakata, Naoki
The objectives of this report are to propose a new method of the high performance cold energy storage using ice as a phase change material and to clarify the heat transfer characteristics of the apparatus of ice cold energy storage based on the proposed principle. A working medium vapor layer a water layer and a working medium liquid layer stratified in this order from the top were kept in an enclosure composed of a condenser, an evaporator and a condensate receiver-and-return tube. The direct contact heat transfers between water or ice and a working medium in an enclosure were applied for realizing the high performance cold energy storage and release. In the storage and release processes, water changes the phase between the liquid and the solid, and the working medium cnanges between the vapor and the liquid with a natural circulation. Experimental apparatus was manufactured and R12 and R114 were selected as working media in the thermal energy storage enclosure. It was confirmed by the measurements that the efficient formation and melting of ice were achieved. Then, th e heat transfer characteristics were clarified for the effects of the initial water height, the initial height of woking medium liquid layer and the inlet coolant temperature.
Sefuba, Maria; Walingo, Tom; Takawira, Fambirai
2015-09-18
This paper presents an Energy Efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for clustered wireless sensor networks that aims to improve energy efficiency and delay performance. The proposed protocol employs an adaptive cross-layer intra-cluster scheduling and an inter-cluster relay selection diversity. The scheduling is based on available data packets and remaining energy level of the source node (SN). This helps to minimize idle listening on nodes without data to transmit as well as reducing control packet overhead. The relay selection diversity is carried out between clusters, by the cluster head (CH), and the base station (BS). The diversity helps to improve network reliability and prolong the network lifetime. Relay selection is determined based on the communication distance, the remaining energy and the channel quality indicator (CQI) for the relay cluster head (RCH). An analytical framework for energy consumption and transmission delay for the proposed MAC protocol is presented in this work. The performance of the proposed MAC protocol is evaluated based on transmission delay, energy consumption, and network lifetime. The results obtained indicate that the proposed MAC protocol provides improved performance than traditional cluster based MAC protocols.
Sefuba, Maria; Walingo, Tom; Takawira, Fambirai
2015-01-01
This paper presents an Energy Efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for clustered wireless sensor networks that aims to improve energy efficiency and delay performance. The proposed protocol employs an adaptive cross-layer intra-cluster scheduling and an inter-cluster relay selection diversity. The scheduling is based on available data packets and remaining energy level of the source node (SN). This helps to minimize idle listening on nodes without data to transmit as well as reducing control packet overhead. The relay selection diversity is carried out between clusters, by the cluster head (CH), and the base station (BS). The diversity helps to improve network reliability and prolong the network lifetime. Relay selection is determined based on the communication distance, the remaining energy and the channel quality indicator (CQI) for the relay cluster head (RCH). An analytical framework for energy consumption and transmission delay for the proposed MAC protocol is presented in this work. The performance of the proposed MAC protocol is evaluated based on transmission delay, energy consumption, and network lifetime. The results obtained indicate that the proposed MAC protocol provides improved performance than traditional cluster based MAC protocols. PMID:26393608
Dark energy coupling with electromagnetism as seen from future low-medium redshift probes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Calabrese, E.; Martinelli, M.; Pandolfi, S.; Cardone, V. F.; Martins, C. J. A. P.; Spiro, S.; Vielzeuf, P. E.
2014-04-01
Beyond the standard cosmological model the late-time accelerated expansion of the Universe can be reproduced by the introduction of an additional dynamical scalar field. In this case, the field is expected to be naturally coupled to the rest of the theory's fields, unless a (still unknown) symmetry suppresses this coupling. Therefore, this would possibly lead to some observational consequences, such as space-time variations of nature's fundamental constants. In this paper we investigate the coupling between a dynamical dark energy model and the electromagnetic field, and the corresponding evolution of the fine structure constant (α) with respect to the standard local value α0. In particular, we derive joint constraints on two dynamical dark energy model parametrizations (the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder and early dark energy model) and on the coupling with electromagnetism ζ, forecasting future low-medium redshift observations. We combine supernovae and weak lensing measurements from the Euclid experiment with high-resolution spectroscopy measurements of fundamental couplings and the redshift drift from the European Extremely Large Telescope, highlighting the contribution of each probe. Moreover, we also consider the case where the field driving the α evolution is not the one responsible for cosmic acceleration and investigate how future observations can constrain this scenario.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sharma, M. D.
2018-07-01
Phenomenon of reflection and refraction is considered at the plane interface between a thermoelastic medium and thermo-poroelastic medium. Both the media are isotropic and behave dissipative to wave propagation. Incident wave in thermo-poroelastic medium is considered inhomogeneous with deviation allowed between the directions of propagation and maximum attenuation. For this incidence, four attenuated waves reflect back in thermo-poroelastic medium and three waves refract to the continuing thermoelastic medium. Each of these reflected/refracted waves is inhomogeneous and propagates with a phase shift. The propagation characteristics (velocity, attenuation, inhomogeneity, phase shift, amplitude, energy) of reflected and refracted waves are calculated as functions of propagation direction and inhomogeneity of the incident wave. Variations in these propagation characteristics with the incident direction are illustrated through a numerical example.
Velev, G. V.; Chlachidze, G.; DiMarco, J.; ...
2016-01-06
In the past 10 years, Fermilab has been executing an intensive R&D program on accelerator magnets based on Nb 3Sn superconductor technology. This R&D effort includes dipole and quadrupole models for different programs, such as LARP and 11 T dipoles for the LHC high-luminosity upgrade. Before the Nb 3Sn R&D program, Fermilab was involved in the production of the low-beta quadrupole magnets for LHC based on the NbTi superconductor. Additionally, during the 2003-2005 campaign to optimize the operation of the Tevatron, a large number of Tevatron magnets were re-measured. As a result of this field analysis, a systematic study ofmore » the persistent current decay and snapback effect in these magnets was performed. This paper summarizes the result of this study and presents a comparison between Nb 3Sn and NbTi dipoles and quadrupoles.« less
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Linnarsson, M. K.; Hallén, A.; Åström, J.; Primetzhofer, D.; Legendre, S.; Possnert, G.
2012-09-01
A new beam line for medium energy ion mass scattering (MEIS) has been designed and set up at the Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden. This MEIS system is based on a time-of-flight (ToF) concept and the electronics for beam chopping relies on a 4 MHz function generator. Repetition rates can be varied between 1 MHz and 63 kHz and pulse widths below 1 ns are typically obtained by including beam bunching. A 6-axis goniometer is used at the target station. Scattering angle and energy of backscattered ions are extracted from a time-resolved and position-sensitive detector. Examples of the performance are given for three kinds of probing ions, 1H+, 4He+, and 11B+. Depth resolution is in the nanometer range and 1 and 2 nm thick Pt layers can easily be resolved. Mass resolution between nearby isotopes can be obtained as illustrated by Ga isotopes in GaAs. Taking advantage of the large size detector, a direct imaging (blocking pattern) of crystal channels are shown for hexagonal, 4H-SiC. The ToF-MEIS system described in this paper is intended for use in semiconductor and thin film areas. For example, depth profiling in the sub nanometer range for device development of contacts and dielectric interfaces. In addition to applied projects, fundamental studies of stopping cross sections in this medium energy range will also be conducted.
Search for the Exotic Meson X (5568 ) with the Collider Detector at Fermilab
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Aaltonen, T.; Amerio, S.; Amidei, D.; Anastassov, A.; Annovi, A.; Antos, J.; Apollinari, G.; Appel, J. A.; Arisawa, T.; Artikov, A.; Asaadi, J.; Ashmanskas, W.; Auerbach, B.; Aurisano, A.; Azfar, F.; Badgett, W.; Bae, T.; Barbaro-Galtieri, A.; Barnes, V. E.; Barnett, B. A.; Barria, P.; Bartos, P.; Bauce, M.; Bedeschi, F.; Behari, S.; Bellettini, G.; Bellinger, J.; Benjamin, D.; Beretvas, A.; Bhatti, A.; Bland, K. R.; Blumenfeld, B.; Bocci, A.; Bodek, A.; Bortoletto, D.; Boudreau, J.; Boveia, A.; Brigliadori, L.; Bromberg, C.; Brucken, E.; Budagov, J.; Budd, H. S.; Burkett, K.; Busetto, G.; Bussey, P.; Butti, P.; Buzatu, A.; Calamba, A.; Camarda, S.; Campanelli, M.; Canelli, F.; Carls, B.; Carlsmith, D.; Carosi, R.; Carrillo, S.; Casal, B.; Casarsa, M.; Castro, A.; Catastini, P.; Cauz, D.; Cavaliere, V.; Cerri, A.; Cerrito, L.; Chen, Y. C.; Chertok, M.; Chiarelli, G.; Chlachidze, G.; Cho, K.; Chokheli, D.; Clark, A.; Clarke, C.; Convery, M. E.; Conway, J.; Corbo, M.; Cordelli, M.; Cox, C. A.; Cox, D. J.; Cremonesi, M.; Cruz, D.; Cuevas, J.; Culbertson, R.; d'Ascenzo, N.; Datta, M.; de Barbaro, P.; Demortier, L.; Deninno, M.; D'Errico, M.; Devoto, F.; Di Canto, A.; Di Ruzza, B.; Dittmann, J. R.; Donati, S.; D'Onofrio, M.; Dorigo, M.; Driutti, A.; Ebina, K.; Edgar, R.; Elagin, A.; Erbacher, R.; Errede, S.; Esham, B.; Farrington, S.; Fernández Ramos, J. P.; Field, R.; Flanagan, G.; Forrest, R.; Franklin, M.; Freeman, J. C.; Frisch, H.; Funakoshi, Y.; Galloni, C.; Garfinkel, A. F.; Garosi, P.; Gerberich, H.; Gerchtein, E.; Giagu, S.; Giakoumopoulou, V.; Gibson, K.; Ginsburg, C. M.; Giokaris, N.; Giromini, P.; Glagolev, V.; Glenzinski, D.; Gold, M.; Goldin, D.; Golossanov, A.; Gomez, G.; Gomez-Ceballos, G.; Goncharov, M.; González López, O.; Gorelov, I.; Goshaw, A. T.; Goulianos, K.; Gramellini, E.; Grosso-Pilcher, C.; Guimaraes da Costa, J.; Hahn, S. R.; Han, J. Y.; Happacher, F.; Hara, K.; Hare, M.; Harr, R. F.; Harrington-Taber, T.; Hatakeyama, K.; Hays, C.; Heinrich, J.; Herndon, M.; Hocker, A.; Hong, Z.; Hopkins, W.; Hou, S.; Hughes, R. E.; Husemann, U.; Hussein, M.; Huston, J.; Introzzi, G.; Iori, M.; Ivanov, A.; James, E.; Jang, D.; Jayatilaka, B.; Jeon, E. J.; Jindariani, S.; Jones, M.; Joo, K. K.; Jun, S. Y.; Junk, T. R.; Kambeitz, M.; Kamon, T.; Karchin, P. E.; Kasmi, A.; Kato, Y.; Ketchum, W.; Keung, J.; Kilminster, B.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, J. E.; Kim, M. J.; Kim, S. H.; Kim, S. B.; Kim, Y. J.; Kim, Y. K.; Kimura, N.; Kirby, M.; Kondo, K.; Kong, D. J.; Konigsberg, J.; Kotwal, A. V.; Kreps, M.; Kroll, J.; Kruse, M.; Kuhr, T.; Kurata, M.; Laasanen, A. T.; Lammel, S.; Lancaster, M.; Lannon, K.; Latino, G.; Lee, H. S.; Lee, J. S.; Leo, S.; Leone, S.; Lewis, J. D.; Limosani, A.; Lipeles, E.; Lister, A.; Liu, Q.; Liu, T.; Lockwitz, S.; Loginov, A.; Lucchesi, D.; Lucà, A.; Lueck, J.; Lujan, P.; Lukens, P.; Lungu, G.; Lys, J.; Lysak, R.; Madrak, R.; Maestro, P.; Malik, S.; Manca, G.; Manousakis-Katsikakis, A.; Marchese, L.; Margaroli, F.; Marino, P.; Matera, K.; Mattson, M. E.; Mazzacane, A.; Mazzanti, P.; McNulty, R.; Mehta, A.; Mehtala, P.; Mesropian, C.; Miao, T.; Mietlicki, D.; Mitra, A.; Miyake, H.; Moed, S.; Moggi, N.; Moon, C. S.; Moore, R.; Morello, M. J.; Mukherjee, A.; Muller, Th.; Murat, P.; Mussini, M.; Nachtman, J.; Nagai, Y.; Naganoma, J.; Nakano, I.; Napier, A.; Nett, J.; Nigmanov, T.; Nodulman, L.; Noh, S. Y.; Norniella, O.; Oakes, L.; Oh, S. H.; Oh, Y. D.; Okusawa, T.; Orava, R.; Ortolan, L.; Pagliarone, C.; Palencia, E.; Palni, P.; Papadimitriou, V.; Parker, W.; Pauletta, G.; Paulini, M.; Paus, C.; Phillips, T. J.; Piacentino, G.; Pianori, E.; Pilot, J.; Pitts, K.; Plager, C.; Pondrom, L.; Poprocki, S.; Potamianos, K.; Pranko, A.; Prokoshin, F.; Ptohos, F.; Punzi, G.; Redondo Fernández, I.; Renton, P.; Rescigno, M.; Rimondi, F.; Ristori, L.; Robson, A.; Rodriguez, T.; Rolli, S.; Ronzani, M.; Roser, R.; Rosner, J. L.; Ruffini, F.; Ruiz, A.; Russ, J.; Rusu, V.; Sakumoto, W. K.; Sakurai, Y.; Santi, L.; Sato, K.; Saveliev, V.; Savoy-Navarro, A.; Schlabach, P.; Schmidt, E. E.; Schwarz, T.; Scodellaro, L.; Scuri, F.; Seidel, S.; Seiya, Y.; Semenov, A.; Sforza, F.; Shalhout, S. Z.; Shears, T.; Shepard, P. F.; Shimojima, M.; Shochet, M.; Shreyber-Tecker, I.; Simonenko, A.; Sliwa, K.; Smith, J. R.; Snider, F. D.; Song, H.; Sorin, V.; St. Denis, R.; Stancari, M.; Stentz, D.; Strologas, J.; Sudo, Y.; Sukhanov, A.; Suslov, I.; Takemasa, K.; Takeuchi, Y.; Tang, J.; Tecchio, M.; Teng, P. K.; Thom, J.; Thomson, E.; Thukral, V.; Toback, D.; Tokar, S.; Tollefson, K.; Tomura, T.; Tonelli, D.; Torre, S.; Torretta, D.; Totaro, P.; Trovato, M.; Ukegawa, F.; Uozumi, S.; Vázquez, F.; Velev, G.; Vellidis, C.; Vernieri, C.; Vidal, M.; Vilar, R.; Vizán, J.; Vogel, M.; Volpi, G.; Wagner, P.; Wallny, R.; Wang, S. M.; Waters, D.; Wester, W. C.; Whiteson, D.; Wicklund, A. B.; Wilbur, S.; Williams, H. H.; Wilson, J. S.; Wilson, P.; Winer, B. L.; Wittich, P.; Wolbers, S.; Wolfmeister, H.; Wright, T.; Wu, X.; Wu, Z.; Yamamoto, K.; Yamato, D.; Yang, T.; Yang, U. K.; Yang, Y. C.; Yao, W.-M.; Yeh, G. P.; Yi, K.; Yoh, J.; Yorita, K.; Yoshida, T.; Yu, G. B.; Yu, I.; Zanetti, A. M.; Zeng, Y.; Zhou, C.; Zucchelli, S.; CDF Collaboration
2018-05-01
A search for the exotic meson X (5568 ) decaying into the Bs0π± final state is performed using data corresponding to 9.6 fb-1 from p p ¯ collisions at √{s }=1960 GeV recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. No evidence for this state is found and an upper limit of 6.7% at the 95% confidence level is set on the fraction of Bs0 produced through the X (5568 )→Bs0π± process.
Beam tests of beampipe coatings for electron cloud mitigation in Fermilab Main Injector
Backfish, Michael; Eldred, Jeffrey; Tan, Cheng Yang; ...
2015-10-26
Electron cloud beam instabilities are an important consideration in virtually all high-energy particle accelerators and could pose a formidable challenge to forthcoming high-intensity accelerator upgrades. Dedicated tests have shown beampipe coatings dramatically reduce the density of electron cloud in particle accelerators. In this work, we evaluate the performance of titanium nitride, amorphous carbon, and diamond-like carbon as beampipe coatings for the mitigation of electron cloud in the Fermilab Main Injector. Altogether our tests represent 2700 ampere-hours of proton operation spanning five years. Three electron cloud detectors, retarding field analyzers, are installed in a straight section and allow a direct comparisonmore » between the electron flux in the coated and uncoated stainless steel beampipe. We characterize the electron flux as a function of intensity up to a maximum of 50 trillion protons per cycle. Each beampipe material conditions in response to electron bombardment from the electron cloud and we track the changes in these materials as a function of time and the number of absorbed electrons. Contamination from an unexpected vacuum leak revealed a potential vulnerability in the amorphous carbon beampipe coating. We measure the energy spectrum of electrons incident on the stainless steel, titanium nitride and amorphous carbon beampipes. We find the electron cloud signal is highly sensitive to stray magnetic fields and bunch-length over the Main Injector ramp cycle. In conclusion, we conduct a complete survey of the stray magnetic fields at the test station and compare the electron cloud signal to that in a field-free region.« less
Fem Formulation of Heat Transfer in Cylindrical Porous Medium
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Azeem; Khaleed, H. M. T.; Soudagar, Manzoor Elahi M.
2017-08-01
Heat transfer in porous medium can be derived from the fundamental laws of flow in porous region ass given by Henry Darcy. The fluid flow and energy transport inside the porous medium can be described with the help of momentum and energy equations. The heat transfer in cylindrical porous medium differs from its counterpart in radial and axial coordinates. The present work is focused to discuss the finite element formulation of heat transfer in cylindrical porous medium. The basic partial differential equations are derived using Darcy law which is the converted into a set of algebraic equations with the help of finite element method. The resulting equations are solved by matrix method for two solution variables involved in the coupled equations.
HEATING OF THE WARM IONIZED MEDIUM BY LOW-ENERGY COSMIC RAYS
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Walker, Mark A., E-mail: Mark.Walker@manlyastrophysics.org
2016-02-10
In light of evidence for a high ionization rate due to low-energy cosmic rays (LECR) in diffuse molecular gas in the solar neighborhood, we evaluate their heat input to the warm ionized medium (WIM). LECR are much more effective at heating plasma than they are at heating neutrals. We show that the upper end of the measured ionization rates corresponds to a local LECR heating rate sufficient to maintain the WIM against radiative cooling, independent of the nature of the ionizing particles or the detailed shape of their spectrum. Elsewhere in the Galaxy the LECR heating rates may be highermore » than those measured locally. In particular, higher fluxes of LECR have been suggested for the inner Galactic disk, based on the observed hard X-ray emission, with correspondingly larger heating rates implied for the WIM. We conclude that LECR play an important and perhaps dominant role in the thermal balance of the WIM.« less
PIP-II Injector Test’s Low Energy Beam Transport: Commissioning and Selected Measurements
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Shemyakin, A.; Alvarez, M.; Andrews, R.
2016-09-16
The PIP2IT test accelerator is under construction at Fermilab. Its ion source and Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) in its initial (straight) configuration have been commissioned to full specification parameters. This paper introduces the LEBT design and summarizes the outcome of the commissioning activities.
Medium-Induced QCD Cascade: Democratic Branching and Wave Turbulence
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Blaizot, J.-P.; Iancu, E.; Mehtar-Tani, Y.
2013-08-01
We study the average properties of the gluon cascade generated by an energetic parton propagating through a quark-gluon plasma. We focus on the soft, medium-induced emissions which control the energy transport at large angles with respect to the leading parton. We show that the effect of multiple branchings is important. In contrast with what happens in a usual QCD cascade in vacuum, medium-induced branchings are quasidemocratic, with offspring gluons carrying sizable fractions of the energy of their parent gluon. This results in an efficient mechanism for the transport of energy toward the medium, which is akin to wave turbulence with a scaling spectrum ˜1/ω. We argue that the turbulent flow may be responsible for the excess energy carried by very soft quanta, as revealed by the analysis of the dijet asymmetry observed in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC.
Operation of the intensity monitors in beam transport lines at Fermilab during Run II¹
Crisp, J.; Fellenz, B.; Fitzgerald, J.; ...
2011-10-06
The intensity of charged particle beams at Fermilab must be kept within pre-determined safety and operational envelopes in part by assuring all beam within a few percent has been transported from any source to destination. Beam instensity monitors with toroidial pickups provide such beam intensity measurements in the transport lines between accelerators at FNAL. With Run II, much effort was made to continually improve the resolution and accuracy of the system.
A medium-chain fatty acid as an alternative energy source in mouse preimplantation development.
Yamada, Mitsutoshi; Takanashi, Kazumi; Hamatani, Toshio; Hirayama, Akiyoshi; Akutsu, Hidenori; Fukunaga, Tomoko; Ogawa, Seiji; Sugawara, Kana; Shinoda, Kosaku; Soga, Tomoyoshi; Umezawa, Akihiro; Kuji, Naoaki; Yoshimura, Yasunori; Tomita, Masaru
2012-01-01
To further optimize the culturing of preimplantation embryos, we undertook metabolomic analysis of relevant culture media using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS). We detected 28 metabolites: 23 embryo-excreted metabolites including 16 amino acids and 5 media-derived metabolites (e.g., octanoate, a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA)). Due to the lack of information on MCFAs in mammalian preimplantation development, this study examined octanoate as a potential alternative energy source for preimplantation embryo cultures. No embryos survived in culture media lacking FAs, pyruvate, and glucose, but supplementation of octanoate rescued the embryonic development. Immunoblotting showed significant expression of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, important enzymes for ß-oxidation of MCFAs, in preimplantation embryo. Furthermore, CE-TOFMS traced [1-(13)C(8)] octanoate added to the culture media into intermediate metabolites of the TCA cycle via ß-oxidation in mitochondria. These results are the first demonstration that octanoate could provide an efficient alternative energy source throughout preimplantation development.
Production of 13N by 12C(d,n)13N reaction in a medium energy plasma focus.
Shirani, B; Abbasi, F; Nikbakht, M
2013-04-01
This paper explores the production of (13)N by bombardment of a carbon target by high energy deuterons in a medium energy plasma focus. A set of experiments in the energy range of 2.7-3.1kJ and initial pressure of 200-700Pa, with three or five shots in each experiment, was performed. A HPGe detector was used for gamma spectroscopy, and 511keV photons emitted by positron annihilation were utilized to measure the (13)N radioactivity. The highest activity of (13)N in these experiments was 14Bq which was acquired after five shots at a pressure of 450Pa and a 3.1kJ stored energy. Calculations based on thick target yield showed that at least 1.9×10(9) deuterons with energies higher than 330keV were ejected from the pinch region. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cross correlation analysis of medium energy gamma rays for the Northern Hemisphere
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Long, J.; Zanrosso, E.; Zych, A. D.; White, R. S.
1982-01-01
In the cross correlation method the observed gamma rays are compared with the expected telescope response for a discrete celestial source. The background consists of the atmospheric flux with its maximum near the horizon, the cosmic diffuse flux, and neutron induced gamma rays in the telescope. In sharp contrast to the background, a celestial source produces an asymmetric azimuthal response which varies predictably in time as the source moves through the telescope's aperture. This contrast serves as the basis of the cross correlation technique. Continuous data of 47.5 hr were obtained during a balloon flight from Palestine, TX from 0930 UT on September 30, 1978 to 2300 UT on October 1, 1978. The Crab Nebula-Anticenter region was observed on two consecutive days. A number of other medium energy source candidates also crossed the field-of-view. The obtained results are discussed.
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Thermal conductivity of hot pionic medium due to pion self-energy for πσ and πρ loops
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ghosh, Sabyasachi
2015-07-01
The thermal conductivity of pionic medium has been evaluated with the help of its standard expression from the relaxation time approximation, where inverse of pion relaxation time or pion thermal width has been obtained from the imaginary part of pion self-energy. In the real-time formalism of thermal field theory, the finite temperature calculations of pion self-energy for πσ and πρ loops have been done. The numerical value of our thermal conductivity increases with temperature very softly, though at particular temperature, our estimation has to consider a large band of phenomenological uncertainty.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Giama, E.; Papadopoulos, A. M.
2018-01-01
The reduction of carbon emissions has become a top priority in the decision-making process for governments and companies, the strict European legislation framework being a major driving force behind this effort. On the other hand, many companies face difficulties in estimating their footprint and in linking the results derived from environmental evaluation processes with an integrated energy management strategy, which will eventually lead to energy-efficient and cost-effective solutions. The paper highlights the need of companies to establish integrated environmental management practices, with tools such as carbon footprint analysis to monitor the energy performance of production processes. Concepts and methods are analysed, and selected indicators are presented by means of benchmarking, monitoring and reporting the results in order to be used effectively from the companies. The study is based on data from more than 90 Greek small and medium enterprises, followed by a comprehensive discussion of cost-effective and realistic energy-saving measures.
MCNP6 Simulation of Light and Medium Nuclei Fragmentation at Intermediate Energies
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Mashnik, Stepan Georgievich; Kerby, Leslie Marie
2015-05-22
MCNP6, the latest and most advanced LANL Monte Carlo transport code, representing a merger of MCNP5 and MCNPX, is actually much more than the sum of those two computer codes; MCNP6 is available to the public via RSICC at Oak Ridge, TN, USA. In the present work, MCNP6 was validated and verified (V&V) against different experimental data on intermediate-energy fragmentation reactions, and results by several other codes, using mainly the latest modifications of the Cascade-Exciton Model (CEM) and of the Los Alamos version of the Quark-Gluon String Model (LAQGSM) event generators CEM03.03 and LAQGSM03.03. It was found that MCNP6 usingmore » CEM03.03 and LAQGSM03.03 describes well fragmentation reactions induced on light and medium target nuclei by protons and light nuclei of energies around 1 GeV/nucleon and below, and can serve as a reliable simulation tool for different applications, like cosmic-ray-induced single event upsets (SEU’s), radiation protection, and cancer therapy with proton and ion beams, to name just a few. Future improvements of the predicting capabilities of MCNP6 for such reactions are possible, and are discussed in this work.« less
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wang, Ting-Ting; Ma, Yu-Gang; Zhang, Chun-Jian; Zhang, Zheng-Qiao
2018-03-01
The proton-proton momentum correlation function from different rapidity regions is systematically investigated for the Au + Au collisions at different impact parameters and different energies from 400 A MeV to 1500 A MeV in the framework of the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model complemented by the Lednický-Lyuboshitz analytical method. In particular, the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross-section dependence of the correlation function is brought into focus, while the impact parameter and energy dependence of the momentum correlation function are also explored. The sizes of the emission source are extracted by fitting the momentum correlation functions using the Gaussian source method. We find that the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section obviously influences the proton-proton momentum correlation function, which is from the whole-rapidity or projectile or target rapidity region at smaller impact parameters, but there is no effect on the mid-rapidity proton-proton momentum correlation function, which indicates that the emission mechanism differs between projectile or target rapidity and mid-rapidity protons.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Li, Pengcheng; Wang, Yongjia; Li, Qingfeng; Guo, Chenchen; Zhang, Hongfei
2018-04-01
With the newly updated version of the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model, a systematic investigation of the effects of in-medium nucleon-nucleon (NN ) elastic cross section on the collective flow and the stopping observables in 197Au+197Au collisions at beam energies from 40 to 150 MeV/nucleon is performed. Simulations with the medium correction factors F =σNN in -medium/σNN free=0.2 ,0.3 ,0.5 and the one obtained with the FU3FP1 parametrization which depends on both the density and the momentum are compared to the FOPI and INDRA experimental data. It is found that, to best fit the experimental data of the slope of the directed flow and the elliptic flow at midrapidity as well as the nuclear stopping, the correction factors of F =0.2 and 0.5 are required for reactions at beam energies of 40 and 150 MeV/nucleon, respectively. Whereas calculations with the FU3FP1 parametrization can simultaneously reproduce these experimental data reasonably well. And, the observed increasing nuclear stopping with increasing beam energy in experimental data can also be reproduced by using the FU3FP1 parametrization, whereas the calculated stopping power in Au + Au collisions with beam energies from 40 to 150 MeV /nucleon almost remains constant when taking F equal to a fixed value.
CAPTAIN-Minerνa. Neutrino-Argon Scattering in a Medium-Energy Neutrino Beam
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Mauger, Christopher M.
2015-10-29
The NuMI facility at Fermilab is currently providing an extremely intense beam of neutrinos for the NOνA, MINERνA and MINOS+ experiments. By installing the 5-ton CAPTAIN liquid argon TPC in front of the MINERνA detector in the NuMI beamline and combining the data from the CAPTAIN, MINERνA and MINOS+ detectors, a broad program of few-GeV neutrino cross section measurements on argon can be pursued. These measurements will be extremely helpful for future oscillation experiments. By directly comparing the cross sections on argon to MINERνA’s scintillator (CH) target, a new level of precision can be achieved in the measurements of themore » effects of the nucleus on neutrino interactions. These effects are of interest to not only the particle physics but also the nuclear physics community. This document describes in detail the physics goals of the CAPTAIN-MINERνA experiment, in addition to a first estimate of the technical resources required to install, commission and operate the CAPTAIN detector in front of the MINERVA detector.« less
Exploring Sea Quark EMC Effect and Anti-Shadowing Through Drell-Yan at SeaQuest / Fermilab E906
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dannowitz, Bryan; Fermilab E906 / SeaQuest Collaboration
2015-04-01
Fermilab E906/SeaQuest is a fixed-target experiment that uses the 120 GeV Main Injector proton beam. SeaQuest will extract sea anti-quark structure of the proton by detecting dimuon pairs created by Drell-Yan and measuring the cross-section ratios for LH2, LD2, C, Fe, and W targets. The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) discovered that the momentum distribution of quarks in a free nucleon becomes modified when bound within a nucleus. In studying the EMC Effect, an anti-shadowing feature has been observed in DIS and pion-induced DY measurements in the 0 . 1
Addition and Removal Energies via the In-Medium Similarity Renormalization Group Method
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Yuan, Fei
The in-medium similarity renormalization group (IM-SRG) is an ab initio many-body method suitable for systems with moderate numbers of particles due to its polynomial scaling in computational cost. The formalism is highly flexible and admits a variety of modifications that extend its utility beyond the original goal of computing ground state energies of closed-shell systems. In this work, we present an extension of IM-SRG through quasidegenerate perturbation theory (QDPT) to compute addition and removal energies (single particle energies) near the Fermi level at low computational cost. This expands the range of systems that can be studied from closed-shell ones to nearby systems that differ by one particle. The method is applied to circular quantum dot systems and nuclei, and compared against other methods including equations-of-motion (EOM) IM-SRG and EOM coupled-cluster (CC) theory. The results are in good agreement for most cases. As part of this work, we present an open-source implementation of our flexible and easy-to-use J-scheme framework as well as the HF, IM-SRG, and QDPT codes built upon this framework. We include an overview of the overall structure, the implementation details, and strategies for maintaining high code quality and efficiency. Lastly, we also present a graphical application for manipulation of angular momentum coupling coefficients through a diagrammatic notation for angular momenta (Jucys diagrams). The tool enables rapid derivations of equations involving angular momentum coupling--such as in J-scheme--and significantly reduces the risk of human errors.
Search for the Exotic Meson X(5568) with the Collider Detector at Fermilab.
Aaltonen, T; Amerio, S; Amidei, D; Anastassov, A; Annovi, A; Antos, J; Apollinari, G; Appel, J A; Arisawa, T; Artikov, A; Asaadi, J; Ashmanskas, W; Auerbach, B; Aurisano, A; Azfar, F; Badgett, W; Bae, T; Barbaro-Galtieri, A; Barnes, V E; Barnett, B A; Barria, P; Bartos, P; Bauce, M; Bedeschi, F; Behari, S; Bellettini, G; Bellinger, J; Benjamin, D; Beretvas, A; Bhatti, A; Bland, K R; Blumenfeld, B; Bocci, A; Bodek, A; Bortoletto, D; Boudreau, J; Boveia, A; Brigliadori, L; Bromberg, C; Brucken, E; Budagov, J; Budd, H S; Burkett, K; Busetto, G; Bussey, P; Butti, P; Buzatu, A; Calamba, A; Camarda, S; Campanelli, M; Canelli, F; Carls, B; Carlsmith, D; Carosi, R; Carrillo, S; Casal, B; Casarsa, M; Castro, A; Catastini, P; Cauz, D; Cavaliere, V; Cerri, A; Cerrito, L; Chen, Y C; Chertok, M; Chiarelli, G; Chlachidze, G; Cho, K; Chokheli, D; Clark, A; Clarke, C; Convery, M E; Conway, J; Corbo, M; Cordelli, M; Cox, C A; Cox, D J; Cremonesi, M; Cruz, D; Cuevas, J; Culbertson, R; d'Ascenzo, N; Datta, M; de Barbaro, P; Demortier, L; Deninno, M; D'Errico, M; Devoto, F; Di Canto, A; Di Ruzza, B; Dittmann, J R; Donati, S; D'Onofrio, M; Dorigo, M; Driutti, A; Ebina, K; Edgar, R; Elagin, A; Erbacher, R; Errede, S; Esham, B; Farrington, S; Fernández Ramos, J P; Field, R; Flanagan, G; Forrest, R; Franklin, M; Freeman, J C; Frisch, H; Funakoshi, Y; Galloni, C; Garfinkel, A F; Garosi, P; Gerberich, H; Gerchtein, E; Giagu, S; Giakoumopoulou, V; Gibson, K; Ginsburg, C M; Giokaris, N; Giromini, P; Glagolev, V; Glenzinski, D; Gold, M; Goldin, D; Golossanov, A; Gomez, G; Gomez-Ceballos, G; Goncharov, M; González López, O; Gorelov, I; Goshaw, A T; Goulianos, K; Gramellini, E; Grosso-Pilcher, C; Guimaraes da Costa, J; Hahn, S R; Han, J Y; Happacher, F; Hara, K; Hare, M; Harr, R F; Harrington-Taber, T; Hatakeyama, K; Hays, C; Heinrich, J; Herndon, M; Hocker, A; Hong, Z; Hopkins, W; Hou, S; Hughes, R E; Husemann, U; Hussein, M; Huston, J; Introzzi, G; Iori, M; Ivanov, A; James, E; Jang, D; Jayatilaka, B; Jeon, E J; Jindariani, S; Jones, M; Joo, K K; Jun, S Y; Junk, T R; Kambeitz, M; Kamon, T; Karchin, P E; Kasmi, A; Kato, Y; Ketchum, W; Keung, J; Kilminster, B; Kim, D H; Kim, H S; Kim, J E; Kim, M J; Kim, S H; Kim, S B; Kim, Y J; Kim, Y K; Kimura, N; Kirby, M; Kondo, K; Kong, D J; Konigsberg, J; Kotwal, A V; Kreps, M; Kroll, J; Kruse, M; Kuhr, T; Kurata, M; Laasanen, A T; Lammel, S; Lancaster, M; Lannon, K; Latino, G; Lee, H S; Lee, J S; Leo, S; Leone, S; Lewis, J D; Limosani, A; Lipeles, E; Lister, A; Liu, Q; Liu, T; Lockwitz, S; Loginov, A; Lucchesi, D; Lucà, A; Lueck, J; Lujan, P; Lukens, P; Lungu, G; Lys, J; Lysak, R; Madrak, R; Maestro, P; Malik, S; Manca, G; Manousakis-Katsikakis, A; Marchese, L; Margaroli, F; Marino, P; Matera, K; Mattson, M E; Mazzacane, A; Mazzanti, P; McNulty, R; Mehta, A; Mehtala, P; Mesropian, C; Miao, T; Mietlicki, D; Mitra, A; Miyake, H; Moed, S; Moggi, N; Moon, C S; Moore, R; Morello, M J; Mukherjee, A; Muller, Th; Murat, P; Mussini, M; Nachtman, J; Nagai, Y; Naganoma, J; Nakano, I; Napier, A; Nett, J; Nigmanov, T; Nodulman, L; Noh, S Y; Norniella, O; Oakes, L; Oh, S H; Oh, Y D; Okusawa, T; Orava, R; Ortolan, L; Pagliarone, C; Palencia, E; Palni, P; Papadimitriou, V; Parker, W; Pauletta, G; Paulini, M; Paus, C; Phillips, T J; Piacentino, G; Pianori, E; Pilot, J; Pitts, K; Plager, C; Pondrom, L; Poprocki, S; Potamianos, K; Pranko, A; Prokoshin, F; Ptohos, F; Punzi, G; Redondo Fernández, I; Renton, P; Rescigno, M; Rimondi, F; Ristori, L; Robson, A; Rodriguez, T; Rolli, S; Ronzani, M; Roser, R; Rosner, J L; Ruffini, F; Ruiz, A; Russ, J; Rusu, V; Sakumoto, W K; Sakurai, Y; Santi, L; Sato, K; Saveliev, V; Savoy-Navarro, A; Schlabach, P; Schmidt, E E; Schwarz, T; Scodellaro, L; Scuri, F; Seidel, S; Seiya, Y; Semenov, A; Sforza, F; Shalhout, S Z; Shears, T; Shepard, P F; Shimojima, M; Shochet, M; Shreyber-Tecker, I; Simonenko, A; Sliwa, K; Smith, J R; Snider, F D; Song, H; Sorin, V; St Denis, R; Stancari, M; Stentz, D; Strologas, J; Sudo, Y; Sukhanov, A; Suslov, I; Takemasa, K; Takeuchi, Y; Tang, J; Tecchio, M; Teng, P K; Thom, J; Thomson, E; Thukral, V; Toback, D; Tokar, S; Tollefson, K; Tomura, T; Tonelli, D; Torre, S; Torretta, D; Totaro, P; Trovato, M; Ukegawa, F; Uozumi, S; Vázquez, F; Velev, G; Vellidis, C; Vernieri, C; Vidal, M; Vilar, R; Vizán, J; Vogel, M; Volpi, G; Wagner, P; Wallny, R; Wang, S M; Waters, D; Wester, W C; Whiteson, D; Wicklund, A B; Wilbur, S; Williams, H H; Wilson, J S; Wilson, P; Winer, B L; Wittich, P; Wolbers, S; Wolfmeister, H; Wright, T; Wu, X; Wu, Z; Yamamoto, K; Yamato, D; Yang, T; Yang, U K; Yang, Y C; Yao, W-M; Yeh, G P; Yi, K; Yoh, J; Yorita, K; Yoshida, T; Yu, G B; Yu, I; Zanetti, A M; Zeng, Y; Zhou, C; Zucchelli, S
2018-05-18
A search for the exotic meson X(5568) decaying into the B_{s}^{0}π^{±} final state is performed using data corresponding to 9.6 fb^{-1} from pp[over ¯] collisions at sqrt[s]=1960 GeV recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. No evidence for this state is found and an upper limit of 6.7% at the 95% confidence level is set on the fraction of B_{s}^{0} produced through the X(5568)→B_{s}^{0}π^{±} process.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Mathis, Mark J.
2010-04-01
This dissertation describes the measurement of the top pair production cross section, using data from proton–antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV, with 2.7 ± 0.2 fb -1 of data collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Background contributions are measured concurrently with the top cross section in the b-tagged lepton-plus-jets sample using a kinematic fit, which simultaneously determines the cross sections and normalizations of tmore » $$\\bar{t}$$, W + jets, QCD, and electroweak processes. This is the first application of a procedure of this kind. The top cross section is measured to be σ t$$\\bar{t}$$ = 7.64±0.57(stat + syst)±0.45(lumi) pb and the Monte Carlo simulation scale factors KW b$$\\bar{b}$$ = 1.57±0.25, K W$$\\bar{c}$$ = 0.94±0.79, KWc = 1.9 ± 0.3, and KW q$$\\bar{q}$$ = 1.1 ± 0.3. These results are consistent with existing measurements using other procedures. More data will reduce the systematic uncertainties and will lead to the most precise of any single analysis to date.« less
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Capozzi, F.; Lisi, E.; Marrone, A.
2015-11-01
Nuclear reactors provide intense sources of electron antineutrinos, characterized by few-MeV energy E and unoscillated spectral shape Φ (E ). High-statistics observations of reactor neutrino oscillations over medium-baseline distances L ˜O (50 ) km would provide unprecedented opportunities to probe both the long-wavelength mass-mixing parameters (δ m2 and θ12) and the short-wavelength ones (Δ mee 2 and θ13), together with the subtle interference effects associated with the neutrino mass hierarchy (either normal or inverted). In a given experimental setting—here taken as in the JUNO project for definiteness—the achievable hierarchy sensitivity and parameter accuracy depend not only on the accumulated statistics but also on systematic uncertainties, which include (but are not limited to) the mass-mixing priors and the normalizations of signals and backgrounds. We examine, in addition, the effect of introducing smooth deformations of the detector energy scale, E →E'(E ), and of the reactor flux shape, Φ (E )→Φ'(E ), within reasonable error bands inspired by state-of-the-art estimates. It turns out that energy-scale and flux-shape systematics can noticeably affect the performance of a JUNO-like experiment, both on the hierarchy discrimination and on precision oscillation physics. It is shown that a significant reduction of the assumed energy-scale and flux-shape uncertainties (by, say, a factor of 2) would be highly beneficial to the physics program of medium-baseline reactor projects. Our results also shed some light on the role of the inverse-beta decay threshold, of geoneutrino backgrounds, and of matter effects in the analysis of future reactor oscillation data.
Charge equilibrium and radiation of low-energy cosmic rays passing through interstellar medium
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rule, D. W.; Omidvar, K.
1979-01-01
The charge equilibrium and radiation of an oxygen and an iron beam in the MeV per nucleon energy range, representing a typical beam of low-energy cosmic rays passing through the interstellar medium, are considered. Electron loss of the beam has been taken into account by means of the first Born approximation, allowing for the target atom to remain unexcited or to be excited to all possible states. Electron-capture cross sections have been calculated by means of the scaled Oppenheimer-Brinkman-Kramers approximation, taking into account all atomic shells of the target atoms and capture into all excited states of the projectile. The capture and loss cross sections are found to be within 20%-30% of the existing experimental values for most of the cases considered. Radiation of the beam due to electron capture into the excited states of the ion, collisional excitation, and collisional inner-shell ionization, taking into account the fluorescence yield of the ions, has been considered. Effective X-ray production cross sections and multiplicities for the most energetic X-ray lines emitted by the Fe and O beams have been calculated, and error estimates made for the results.
A combined Compton and coded-aperture telescope for medium-energy gamma-ray astrophysics
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Galloway, Michelle; Zoglauer, Andreas; Boggs, Steven E.; Amman, Mark
2018-06-01
A future mission in medium-energy gamma-ray astrophysics would allow for many scientific advancements, such as a possible explanation for the excess positron emission from the Galactic center, a better understanding of nucleosynthesis and explosion mechanisms in Type Ia supernovae, and a look at the physical forces at play in compact objects such as black holes and neutron stars. Additionally, further observation in this energy regime would significantly extend the search parameter space for low-mass dark matter. In order to achieve these objectives, an instrument with good energy resolution, good angular resolution, and high sensitivity is required. In this paper we present the design and simulation of a Compton telescope consisting of cubic-centimeter cadmium zinc telluride detectors as absorbers behind a silicon tracker with the addition of a passive coded mask. The goal of the design was to create a very sensitive instrument that is capable of high angular resolution. The simulated telescope achieved energy resolutions of 1.68% FWHM at 511 keV and 1.11% at 1809 keV, on-axis angular resolutions in Compton mode of 2.63° FWHM at 511 keV and 1.30° FWHM at 1809 keV, and is capable of resolving sources to at least 0.2° at lower energies with the use of the coded mask. An initial assessment of the instrument in Compton-imaging mode yields an effective area of 183 cm2 at 511 keV and an anticipated all-sky sensitivity of 3.6 × 10-6 photons cm-2 s-1 for a broadened 511 keV source over a two-year observation time. Additionally, combining a coded mask with a Compton imager to improve point-source localization for positron detection has been demonstrated.
Thermal Analysis of Fermilab Mu2e Beamstop and Structural Analysis of Beamline Components
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Narug, Colin S.
The Mu2e project at Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory aims to observe the unique conversion of muons to electrons. The success or failure of the experiment to observe this conversion will further the understanding of the standard model of physics. Using the particle accelerator, protons will be accelerated and sent to the Mu2e experiment, which will separate the muons from the beam. The muons will then be observed to determine their momentum and the particle interactions occur. At the end of the Detector Solenoid, the internal components will need to absorb the remaining particles of the experiment using polymer absorbers. Becausemore » the internal structure of the beamline is in a vacuum, the heat transfer mechanisms that can disperse the energy generated by the particle absorption is limited to conduction and radiation. To determine the extent that the absorbers will heat up over one year of operation, a transient thermal finite element analysis has been performed on the Muon Beam Stop. The levels of energy absorption were adjusted to determine the thermal limit for the current design. Structural finite element analysis has also been performed to determine the safety factors of the Axial Coupler, which connect and move segments of the beamline. The safety factor of the trunnion of the Instrument Feed Through Bulk Head has also been determined for when it is supporting the Muon Beam Stop. The results of the analysis further refine the design of the beamline components prior to testing, fabrication, and installation.« less
Sonic Helium Detectors in the Fermilab Tevatron
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bossert, R. J.
2006-04-01
In the Fermilab Tevatron cryogenic system there are many remotely located low-pressure plate relief valves that must vent large volumes of cold helium gas when magnet quenches occur. These valves can occasionally stick open or not reseat completely, resulting in a large helium loss. As such, the need exists for a detector to monitor the relief valve's discharge area for the presence of helium. Due to the quantity needed, cost is an important factor. A unit has been developed and built for this purpose that is quite inexpensive. Its operating principle is based on the speed of sound, where two closely matched tubes operate at their acoustic resonant frequency. When helium is introduced into one of these tubes, the resulting difference in acoustic time of flight is used to trigger an alarm. At present, there are 39 of these units installed and operating in the Tevatron. They have detected many minor and major helium leaks, and have also been found useful in detecting a rise in the helium background in the enclosed refrigerator buildings. This paper covers the construction, usage and operational experience gained with these units over the last several years.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Garg, Sandeep Kumar; Inter-University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067; Cuerno, Rodolfo
We have studied the early stage dynamics of ripple patterns on Si surfaces, in the fluence range of 1–3 × 10{sup 18} ions cm{sup −2}, as induced by medium energy Ar{sup +}-ion irradiation at room temperature. Under our experimental conditions, the ripple evolution is found to be in the linear regime, while a clear decreasing trend in the ripple wavelength is observed up to a certain time (fluence). Numerical simulations of a continuum model of ion-sputtered surfaces suggest that this anomalous behavior is due to the relaxation of the surface features of the experimental pristine surface during the initial stage of patternmore » formation. The observation of this hitherto unobserved behavior of the ripple wavelength seems to have been enabled by the use of medium energy ions, where the ripple wavelengths are found to be order(s) of magnitude larger than those at lower ion energies.« less
Ketogenic Medium Chain Triglycerides Increase Brain Energy Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease.
Croteau, Etienne; Castellano, Christian-Alexandre; Richard, Marie Anne; Fortier, Mélanie; Nugent, Scott; Lepage, Martin; Duchesne, Simon; Whittingstall, Kevin; Turcotte, Éric E; Bocti, Christian; Fülöp, Tamàs; Cunnane, Stephen C
2018-06-09
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is unknown whether the brain can utilize additional ketones as fuel when they are derived from a medium chain triglyceride (MCT) supplement. To assess whether brain ketone uptake in AD increases in response to MCT as it would in young healthy adults. Mild-moderate AD patients sequentially consumed 30 g/d of two different MCT supplements, both for one month: a mixture of caprylic (55%) and capric acids (35%) (n = 11), followed by a wash-out and then tricaprylin (95%; n = 6). Brain ketone (11C-acetoacetate) and glucose (FDG) uptake were quantified by PET before and after each MCT intervention. Brain ketone consumption doubled on both types of MCT supplement. The slope of the relationship between plasma ketones and brain ketone uptake was the same as in healthy young adults. Both types of MCT increased total brain energy metabolism by increasing ketone supply without affecting brain glucose utilization. Ketones from MCT compensate for the brain glucose deficit in AD in direct proportion to the level of plasma ketones achieved.
Two decades of prairie restoration at Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Betz, R.F.; Lootens, R.J.; Becker, M.K.
1996-12-31
Successional Restoration is the method being used to restore the prairie at Fermilab on the former agricultural fields. This involves an initial planting, using aggressive species that have wide ecological tolerances which will grow well on abandoned agricultural fields. Collectively, these species are designated as the prairie matrix. The species used for this prairie matrix compete with and eventually eliminate most weedy species. They also provide an adequate fuel load capable of sustaining a fire within a few years after a site has been initially planted. Associated changes in the biological and physical structure of the soil help prepare themore » way for the successful introduction of plants of the later successional species. Only after the species of the prairie matrix are well established, is the species diversity increased by introducing species with narrower ecological tolerances. These species are thus characteristic of the later successional stages.« less
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rakhno, I. L.; Hylen, J.; Kasper, P.; Mokhov, N. V.; Quinn, M.; Striganov, S. I.; Vaziri, K.
2018-01-01
Measurements and calculations of the air activation at a high-energy proton accelerator are described. The quantity of radionuclides released outdoors depends on operation scenarios including details of the air exchange inside the facility. To improve the prediction of the air activation levels, the MARS15 Monte Carlo code radionuclide production model was modified to be used for these studies. Measurements were done to benchmark the new model and verify its use in optimization studies for the new DUNE experiment at the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) at Fermilab. The measured production rates for the most important radionuclides - 11C, 13N, 15O and 41Ar - are in a good agreement with those calculated with the improved MARS15 code.
Mechanical Stability Study for Integrable Optics Test Accelerator at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
McGee, Mike; Andrews, Richard; Carlson, Kermit
2016-07-01
The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) is proposed for operation at Fermilab. The goal of IOTA is to create practical nonlinear accelerator focusing systems with a large frequency spread and stable particle motion. The IOTA is a 40 m circumference, 150 MeV (e-), 2.5 MeV (p⁺) diagnostic test ring. A heavy low frequency steel floor girder is proposed as the primary tier for IOTA device component support. Two design lengths; (8) 4 m and (2) 2.8 m long girders with identical cross section completely encompass the ring. This study focuses on the 4 m length girder and the development ofmore » a working prototype. Hydrostatic Level Sensor (HLS), temperature, metrology and fast motion measurements characterize the anticipated mechanical stability of the IOTA ring.« less
Research in High Energy Physics
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Wilson, Robert John; Toki, Walter; Harton, John
This report summarizes research performed within the Department of Energy Office of Science's Intensity Frontier and Cosmic Frontier High Energy Physics research subprograms during the period 2014-17. The major research thrusts in the Intensity Frontier involved two currently active neutrino experiments T2K and NOvA; participation in development for the new Short-Baseline Neutrino program at Fermilab (SBN), which will begin full operation within the next one to two years; and physics tools, analysis and detector prototyping for the future Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). The major research thrusts in the Cosmic Frontier involved the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Directional Recoilmore » Identification From Tracks (DRIFT) dark matter search experiment.« less
Waker, A J; Aslam
2011-06-01
To improve radiation protection dosimetry for low-energy neutron fields encountered in nuclear power reactor environments, there is increasing interest in modeling neutron energy deposition in metrological instruments such as tissue-equivalent proportional counters (TEPCs). Along with these computational developments, there is also a need for experimental data with which to benchmark and test the results obtained from the modeling methods developed. The experimental work described in this paper is a study of the energy deposition in tissue-equivalent (TE) medium using an in-house built graphite-walled proportional counter (GPC) filled with TE gas. The GPC is a simple model of a standard TEPC because the response of the counter at these energies is almost entirely due to the neutron interactions in the sensitive volume of the counter. Energy deposition in tissue spheres of diameter 1, 2, 4 and 8 µm was measured in low-energy neutron fields below 500 keV. We have observed a continuously increasing trend in microdosimetric averages with an increase in neutron energy. The values of these averages decrease as we increase the simulated diameter at a given neutron energy. A similar trend for these microdosimetric averages has been observed for standard TEPCs and the Rossi-type, TE, spherical wall-less counter filled with propane-based TE gas in the same energy range. This implies that at the microdosimetric level, in the neutron energy range we employed in this study, the pattern of average energy deposited by starter and insider proton recoil events in the gas is similar to those generated cumulatively by crosser and stopper events originating from the counter wall plus starter and insider recoil events originating in the sensitive volume of a TEPC.
Thermal Impact of Medium Deep Borehole Thermal Energy Storage on the Shallow Subsurface
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Welsch, Bastian; Schulte, Daniel O.; Rühaak, Wolfram; Bär, Kristian; Sass, Ingo
2017-04-01
Borehole heat exchanger arrays are a well-suited and already widely applied method for exploiting the shallow subsurface as seasonal heat storage. However, in most of the populated regions the shallow subsurface also comprises an important aquifer system used for drinking water production. Thus, the operation of shallow geothermal heat storage systems leads to a significant increase in groundwater temperatures in the proximity of the borehole heat exchanger array. The magnitude of the impact on groundwater quality and microbiology associated with this temperature rise is controversially discussed. Nevertheless, the protection of shallow groundwater resources has priority. Accordingly, water authorities often follow restrictive permission policies for building such storage systems. An alternative approach to avoid this issue is the application of medium deep borehole heat exchanger arrays instead of shallow ones. The thermal impact on shallow aquifers can be significantly reduced as heat is stored at larger depth. Moreover, it can be further diminished by the installation of a thermally insulating materials in the upper section of the borehole heat exchangers. Based on a numerical simulation study, the advantageous effects of medium deep borehole thermal energy storage are demonstrated and quantified. A finite element software is used to model the heat transport in the subsurface in 3D, while the heat transport in the borehole heat exchangers is solved analytically in 1D. For this purpose, an extended analytical solution is implemented, which also allows for the consideration of a thermally insulating borehole section.
Alamaniotis, Miltiadis; Bargiotas, Dimitrios; Tsoukalas, Lefteri H
2016-01-01
Integration of energy systems with information technologies has facilitated the realization of smart energy systems that utilize information to optimize system operation. To that end, crucial in optimizing energy system operation is the accurate, ahead-of-time forecasting of load demand. In particular, load forecasting allows planning of system expansion, and decision making for enhancing system safety and reliability. In this paper, the application of two types of kernel machines for medium term load forecasting (MTLF) is presented and their performance is recorded based on a set of historical electricity load demand data. The two kernel machine models and more specifically Gaussian process regression (GPR) and relevance vector regression (RVR) are utilized for making predictions over future load demand. Both models, i.e., GPR and RVR, are equipped with a Gaussian kernel and are tested on daily predictions for a 30-day-ahead horizon taken from the New England Area. Furthermore, their performance is compared to the ARMA(2,2) model with respect to mean average percentage error and squared correlation coefficient. Results demonstrate the superiority of RVR over the other forecasting models in performing MTLF.
Overview of the Liquid Argon Cryogenics for the Short Baseline Neutrino Program (SBN) at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Norris, Barry; Bremer, Johan; Chalifour, Michel
2017-01-01
The Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) physics program will involve three LAr-TPC detectors located along the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab. This new SBN Program will deliver a rich and compelling physics opportunity, including the ability to resolve a class of experimental anomalies in neutrino physics and to perform the most sensitive search to date for sterile neutrinos at the eV mass-scale through both appearance and disappearance oscillation channels. The Program will be composed of an existing and operational detector known as Micro Boone (170 ton LAr mass) plus two new experiments known as the SBN Near Detector (SBND, ~ 260more » ton) and the SBN Far Detector (SBN-FD, ~ 600 tons). Fermilab is now building two new facilities to house the experiments and incorporate all cryogenic and process systems to operate these detectors beginning in the 2018-2019 time frame. The SBN cryogenics are a collaborative effort between Fermilab and CERN. The SBN cryogenic systems for both detectors are composed of several sub-systems: External/Infrastructure (or LN2), Proximity (or LAr), and internal cryogenics. For each detector the External/Infrastructure cryogenics includes the equipment used to store and the cryogenic fluids needed for the operation of the Proximity cryogenics, including the LN2 and LAr storage facilities. The Proximity cryogenics consists of all the systems that take the cryogenic fluids from the external/infrastructure cryogenics and deliver them to the internal at the required pressure, temperature, purity and mass flow rate. It includes the condensers, the LAr and GAr purification systems, the LN2 and LAr phase separators, and the interconnecting piping. The Internal cryogenics is comprised of all the cryogenic equipment located within the cryostats themselves, including the GAr and LAr distribution piping and the piping required to cool down the cryostats and the detectors. These cryogenic systems will be engineered, manufactured, commissioned
A Search for the Exotic Meson $X$(5568) with the Collider Detector at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Aaltonen, T.
2018-01-01
A search for the exotic meson X(5568) decaying into the B0 sπ ± final state is performed using data corresponding to 9.6 fb −1 from p¯p collisions at √ s = 1960 GeV recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. No evidence for this state is found and an upper limit of 6.7% at the 95% confidence level is set on the fraction of B0 s produced through the X(5568) → B0 s π ± process.
Selected Papers on Low-Energy Antiprotons and Possible Applications
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Noble, Robert
1998-09-19
The only realistic means by which to create a facility at Fermilab to produce large amounts of low energy antiprotons is to use resources which already exist. There is simply too little money and manpower at this point in time to generate new accelerators on a time scale before the turn of the century. Therefore, innovation is required to modify existing equipment to provide the services required by experimenters.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Abdelsalam, A.; Kamel, S.; Hafiz, M. E.
2015-10-01
The behavior and the properties of medium-energy protons with kinetic energies in the range 26 - 400 MeV is derived from measurements of the particle yields and spectra in the final state of relativistic heavy-ion collisions (16O-AgBr interactions at 60 A and 200 A GeV and 32S-AgBr interactions at 3.7 A and 200 A GeV) and their interpretation in terms of the higher order moments. The multiplicity distributions have been fitted well with the Gaussian distribution function. The data are also compared with the predictions of the modified FRITIOF model, showing that the FRITIOF model does not reproduce the trend and the magnitude of the data. Measurements of the ratio of the variance to the mean show that the production of target fragments at high energies cannot be considered as a statistically independent process. However, the deviation of each multiplicity distribution from a Poisson law provides evidence for correlations. The KNO scaling behavior of two types of scaling (Koba-Nielsen-Olesen (KNO) scaling and Hegyi scaling) functions in terms of the multiplicity distribution is investigated. A simplified universal function has been used in each scaling to display the experimental data. An examination of the relationship between the entropy, the average multiplicity, and the KNO function is performed. Entropy production and subsequent scaling in nucleus-nucleus collisions are carried out by analyzing the experimental data over a wide energy range (Dubna and SPS). Interestingly, the data points corresponding to various energies overlap and fall on a single curve, indicating the presence of a kind of entropy scaling.
Search for the Exotic Meson X ( 5568 ) with the Collider Detector at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Aaltonen, T.; Amerio, S.; Amidei, D.
Here, a search for the exotic meson X(5568) decaying into the Bmore » $$0\\atop{s}$$ π ± final state is performed using data corresponding to 9.6 fb -1 from $$p\\bar{p}$$ collisions at $$\\sqrt{s}$$ = 1960 GeV recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. No evidence for this state is found and an upper limit of 6.7% at the 95% confidence level is set on the fraction of B$$0\\atop{s}$$ produced through the X(5568)→B$$0\\atop{s}$$ π ± process.« less
Search for the Exotic Meson X ( 5568 ) with the Collider Detector at Fermilab
Aaltonen, T.; Amerio, S.; Amidei, D.; ...
2018-05-18
Here, a search for the exotic meson X(5568) decaying into the Bmore » $$0\\atop{s}$$ π ± final state is performed using data corresponding to 9.6 fb -1 from $$p\\bar{p}$$ collisions at $$\\sqrt{s}$$ = 1960 GeV recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. No evidence for this state is found and an upper limit of 6.7% at the 95% confidence level is set on the fraction of B$$0\\atop{s}$$ produced through the X(5568)→B$$0\\atop{s}$$ π ± process.« less
Advertisement-Based Energy Efficient Medium Access Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ray, Surjya Sarathi
One of the main challenges that prevents the large-scale deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is providing the applications with the required quality of service (QoS) given the sensor nodes' limited energy supplies. WSNs are an important tool in supporting applications ranging from environmental and industrial monitoring, to battlefield surveillance and traffic control, among others. Most of these applications require sensors to function for long periods of time without human intervention and without battery replacement. Therefore, energy conservation is one of the main goals for protocols for WSNs. Energy conservation can be performed in different layers of the protocol stack. In particular, as the medium access control (MAC) layer can access and control the radio directly, large energy savings is possible through intelligent MAC protocol design. To maximize the network lifetime, MAC protocols for WSNs aim to minimize idle listening of the sensor nodes, packet collisions, and overhearing. Several approaches such as duty cycling and low power listening have been proposed at the MAC layer to achieve energy efficiency. In this thesis, I explore the possibility of further energy savings through the advertisement of data packets in the MAC layer. In the first part of my research, I propose Advertisement-MAC or ADV-MAC, a new MAC protocol for WSNs that utilizes the concept of advertising for data contention. This technique lets nodes listen dynamically to any desired transmission and sleep during transmissions not of interest. This minimizes the energy lost in idle listening and overhearing while maintaining an adaptive duty cycle to handle variable loads. Additionally, ADV-MAC enables energy efficient MAC-level multicasting. An analytical model for the packet delivery ratio and the energy consumption of the protocol is also proposed. The analytical model is verified with simulations and is used to choose an optimal value of the advertisement period
Analog Signal Pre-Processing For The Fermilab Main Injector BPM Upgrade
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Saewert, A. L.; Rapisarda, S. M.; Wendt, M.
2006-11-20
An analog signal pre-processing scheme was developed, in the framework of the Fermilab Main Injector Beam Position Monitor (BPM) Upgrade, to interface BPM pickup signals to the new digital receiver based read-out system. A key component is the 8-channel electronics module, which uses separate frequency-selective gain stages to acquire 53 MHz bunched proton and 2.5 MHz antiproton signals. Related hardware includes a filter and combiner box to sum pickup electrode signals in the tunnel. A controller module allows local/remote control of gain settings and activation of gain stages and supplies test signals. Theory of operation, system overview, and some designmore » details are presented, as well as first beam measurements of the prototype hardware.« less
Analog signal pre-processing for the Fermilab Main Injector BPM upgrade
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Saewert, A.L.; Rapisarda, S.M.; Wendt, M.
2006-05-01
An analog signal pre-processing scheme was developed, in the framework of the Fermilab Main Injector Beam Position Monitor (BPM) Upgrade, to interface BPM pickup signals to the new digital receiver based read-out system. A key component is the 8-channel electronics module, which uses separate frequency selective gain stages to acquire 53 MHz bunched proton, and 2.5 MHz anti-proton signals. Related hardware includes a filter and combiner box to sum pickup electrode signals in the tunnel. A controller module allows local/remote control of gain settings and activation of gain stages, and supplies test signals. Theory of operation, system overview, and somemore » design details are presented, as well as first beam measurements of the prototype hardware.« less
Ground-state energies and charge radii of medium-mass nuclei in the unitary-model-operator approach
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Miyagi, Takayuki; Abe, Takashi; Okamoto, Ryoji; Otsuka, Takaharu
2014-09-01
In nuclear structure theory, one of the most fundamental problems is to understand the nuclear structure based on nuclear forces. This attempt has been enabled due to the progress of the computational power and nuclear many-body approaches. However, it is difficult to apply the first-principle methods to medium-mass region, because calculations demand the huge model space as increasing the number of nucleons. The unitary-model-operator approach (UMOA) is one of the methods which can be applied to medium-mass nuclei. The essential point of the UMOA is to construct the effective Hamiltonian which does not induce the two-particle-two-hole excitations. A many-body problem is reduced to the two-body subsystem problem in an entire many-body system with the two-body effective interaction and one-body potential determined self-consistently. In this presentation, we will report the numerical results of ground-state energies and charge radii of 16O, 40Ca, and 56Ni in the UMOA, and discuss the saturation property by comparing our results with those in the other many-body methods and also experimental data. In nuclear structure theory, one of the most fundamental problems is to understand the nuclear structure based on nuclear forces. This attempt has been enabled due to the progress of the computational power and nuclear many-body approaches. However, it is difficult to apply the first-principle methods to medium-mass region, because calculations demand the huge model space as increasing the number of nucleons. The unitary-model-operator approach (UMOA) is one of the methods which can be applied to medium-mass nuclei. The essential point of the UMOA is to construct the effective Hamiltonian which does not induce the two-particle-two-hole excitations. A many-body problem is reduced to the two-body subsystem problem in an entire many-body system with the two-body effective interaction and one-body potential determined self-consistently. In this presentation, we will report the
Electron Cloud Measurements in Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Eldred, Jeffrey Scott; Backfish, M.; Tan, C. Y.
This conference paper presents a series of electron cloud measurements in the Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler. A new instability was observed in the Recycler in July 2014 that generates a fast transverse excitation in the first high intensity batch to be injected. Microwave measurements of electron cloud in the Recycler show a corresponding depen- dence on the batch injection pattern. These electron cloud measurements are compared to those made with a retard- ing field analyzer (RFA) installed in a field-free region of the Recycler in November. RFAs are also used in the Main Injector to evaluate the performance ofmore » beampipe coatings for the mitigation of electron cloud. Contamination from an unexpected vacuum leak revealed a potential vulnerability in the amorphous carbon beampipe coating. The diamond-like carbon coating, in contrast, reduced the electron cloud signal to 1% of that measured in uncoated stainless steel beampipe.« less
Proton Injection into the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA)
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Prebys, Eric; Antipov, Sergey; Piekarz, Henryk
The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) is an experimental synchrotron being built at Fermilab to test the concept of non-linear "integrable optics". These optics are based on a lattice including non-linear elements that satisfies particular conditions on the Hamiltonian. The resulting particle motion is predicted to be stable but without a unique tune. The system is therefore insensitive to resonant instabilities and can in principle store very intense beams, with space charge tune shifts larger than those which are possible in conventional linear synchrotrons. The ring will initially be tested with pencil electron beams, but this poster describes the ultimatemore » plan to install a 2.5 MeV RFQ to inject protons, which will produce tune shifts on the order of unity. Technical details will be presented, as well as simulations of protons in the ring.« less
Radiation shielding of the Fermilab 16 GeV proton driver
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Nikolai V. Mokhov, Alexander I. Drozhdin and Oleg E. Krivosheev
2001-07-12
The radiation transport analysis in the proposed Fermi-lab 1.2 MWProton Driver (PD) [1] is fundamentally important because of the impact on machine performance, conventional facility design, maintenance operations, and related costs. The strategy adopted in the PD design is that the beam losses in the machine are localized and controlled as much as possible via the dedicated beam collimation system, with a high loss rate localized in that section and drastically lower uncontrolled beam loss rate in the rest of the lattice. Results of thorough Monte Carlo calculations of prompt and residual radiation in and around the PD components aremore » presented for realistic assumptions and geometry under normal operation and accidental conditions. This allowed one to conduct shielding design and analysis to meet regulatory requirements [2] for external shielding, hands-on maintenance and ground-water activation.« less
Random medium model for cusping of plane waves.
Li, Jia; Korotkova, Olga
2017-09-01
We introduce a model for a three-dimensional (3D) Schell-type stationary medium whose degree of potential's correlation satisfies the Fractional Multi-Gaussian (FMG) function. Compared with the scattered profile produced by the Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) medium, the Fractional Multi-Gaussian Schell-model (FMGSM) medium gives rise to a sharp concave intensity apex in the scattered field. This implies that the FMGSM medium also accounts for a larger than Gaussian's power in the bucket (PIB) in the forward scattering direction, hence being a better candidate than the GSM medium for generating highly-focused (cusp-like) scattered profiles in the far zone. Compared to other mathematical models for the medium's correlation function which can produce similar cusped scattered profiles the FMG function offers unprecedented tractability being the weighted superposition of Gaussian functions. Our results provide useful applications to energy counter problems and particle manipulation by weakly scattered fields.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Jang, Hyojae, E-mail: lkcom@ibs.re.kr; Jin, Hyunchang; Jang, Ji-Ho
2016-02-15
A heavy ion accelerator, RAON is going to be built by Rare Isotope Science Project in Korea. Its target is to accelerate various stable ions such as uranium, proton, and xenon from electron cyclotron resonance ion source and some rare isotopes from isotope separation on-line. The beam shaping, charge selection, and modulation should be applied to the ions from these ion sources because RAON adopts a superconducting linear accelerator structure for beam acceleration. For such treatment, low energy beam transport, radio frequency quadrupole, and medium energy beam transport (MEBT) will be installed in injector part of RAON accelerator. Recently, developmentmore » of a prototype of stripline beam position monitor (BPM) to measure the position of ion beams in MEBT section is under way. In this presentation, design of stripline, electromagnetic (EM) simulation results, and RF measurement test results obtained from the prototyped BPM will be described.« less
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jeong, Seungwon; Lee, Ye-Ryoung; Choi, Wonjun; Kang, Sungsam; Hong, Jin Hee; Park, Jin-Sung; Lim, Yong-Sik; Park, Hong-Gyu; Choi, Wonshik
2018-05-01
The efficient delivery of light energy is a prerequisite for the non-invasive imaging and stimulating of target objects embedded deep within a scattering medium. However, the injected waves experience random diffusion by multiple light scattering, and only a small fraction reaches the target object. Here, we present a method to counteract wave diffusion and to focus multiple-scattered waves at the deeply embedded target. To realize this, we experimentally inject light into the reflection eigenchannels of a specific flight time to preferably enhance the intensity of those multiple-scattered waves that have interacted with the target object. For targets that are too deep to be visible by optical imaging, we demonstrate a more than tenfold enhancement in light energy delivery in comparison with ordinary wave diffusion cases. This work will lay a foundation to enhance the working depth of imaging, sensing and light stimulation.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kassem, M.; Soize, C.; Gagliardini, L.
2009-06-01
In this paper, an energy-density field approach applied to the vibroacoustic analysis of complex industrial structures in the low- and medium-frequency ranges is presented. This approach uses a statistical computational model. The analyzed system consists of an automotive vehicle structure coupled with its internal acoustic cavity. The objective of this paper is to make use of the statistical properties of the frequency response functions of the vibroacoustic system observed from previous experimental and numerical work. The frequency response functions are expressed in terms of a dimensionless matrix which is estimated using the proposed energy approach. Using this dimensionless matrix, a simplified vibroacoustic model is proposed.
UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS PROGRAM
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Rutherfoord, John P.; Johns, Kenneth A.; Shupe, Michael A.
2013-07-29
The High Energy Physics Group at the University of Arizona has conducted forefront research in elementary particle physics. Our theorists have developed new ideas in lattice QCD, SUSY phenomenology, string theory phenomenology, extra spatial dimensions, dark matter, and neutrino astrophysics. The experimentalists produced significant physics results on the ATLAS experiment at CERN's Large Hadron Collider and on the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. In addition, the experimentalists were leaders in detector development and construction, and on service roles in these experiments.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Rakhno, I. L.; Hylen, J.; Kasper, P.
Measurements and calculations of the air activation at a high-energy proton accelerator are described. The quantity of radionuclides released outdoors depends on operation scenarios including details of the air exchange inside the facility. To improve the prediction of the air activation levels, the MARS15 Monte Carlo code radionuclide production model was modified to be used for these studies. Measurements were done to benchmark the new model and verify its use in optimization studies for the new DUNE experiment at the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) at Fermilab. The measured production rates for the most important radionuclides – 11C, 13N, 15Omore » and 41Ar – are in a good agreement with those calculated with the improved MARS15 code.« less
Rakhno, I. L.; Hylen, J.; Kasper, P.; ...
2017-10-04
Measurements and calculations of the air activation at a high-energy proton accelerator are described. The quantity of radionuclides released outdoors depends on operation scenarios including details of the air exchange inside the facility. To improve the prediction of the air activation levels, the MARS15 Monte Carlo code radionuclide production model was modified to be used for these studies. Measurements were done to benchmark the new model and verify its use in optimization studies for the new DUNE experiment at the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) at Fermilab. The measured production rates for the most important radionuclides – 11C, 13N, 15Omore » and 41Ar – are in a good agreement with those calculated with the improved MARS15 code.« less
A new medium energy beam transport line for the proton injector of AGS-RHIC
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Okamura, M.; Briscoe, B.; Fite, J.
2010-09-12
In Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), a 750 keV medium energy beam transport line between the 201 MHz 750 keV proton RFQ and the 200 MeV Alvarez DTL is being modified to get a better transmission of the beam. Within a tight space, high field gradient quadrupoles (65 Tm) and newly designed steering magnets (6.5 mm in length) will be installed considering the cross-talk effects. Also a new half wave length 200 MHz buncher is being prepared. The beam commissioning will be done in this year. To enhance the performance of the proton linacs, the MEBT is being modified. New quadrupolemore » magnets, steering magnets and a half wave length buncher as shown in Figure 7 will be installed and be commissioned soon.« less
PREFACE: International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 2012)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ernst, Michael; Düllmann, Dirk; Rind, Ofer; Wong, Tony
2012-12-01
Collaborative Tools. We would like to thank Brookhaven Science Associates, New York University, Blue Nest Events, the International Advisory Committee, the Program Committee and the Local Organizing Committee members for all their support and assistance. We also would like to acknowledge the support provided by the following sponsors: ACEOLE, Data Direct Networks, Dell, the European Middleware Initiative and Nexsan. Special thanks to the Program Committee members for their careful choice of conference contributions and enormous effort in reviewing and editing the conference proceedings. The next CHEP conference will be held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands on 14-18 October 2013. Conference Chair Michael Ernst (BNL) Program Committee Daniele Bonacorsi, University of Bologna, Italy Simone Campana, CERN, Switzerland Philippe Canal, Fermilab, United States Sylvain Chapeland, CERN, Switzerland Dirk Düllmann, CERN, Switzerland Johannes Elmsheuser, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany Maria Girone, CERN, Switzerland Steven Goldfarb, University of Michigan, United States Oliver Gutsche, Fermilab, United States Benedikt Hegner, CERN, Switzerland Andreas Heiss, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany Peter Hristov, CERN, Switzerland Tony Johnson, SLAC, United States David Lange, LLNL, United States Adam Lyon, Fermilab, United States Remigius Mommsen, Fermilab, United States Axel Naumann, CERN, Switzerland Niko Neufeld, CERN, Switzerland Rolf Seuster, TRIUMF, Canada Local Organizing Committee Maureen Anderson, John De Stefano, Mariette Faulkner, Ognian Novakov, Ofer Rind, Tony Wong (BNL) Kyle Cranmer (NYU) International Advisory Committee Mohammad Al-Turany, GSI, Germany Lothar Bauerdick, Fermilab, United States Ian Bird, CERN, Switzerland Dominique Boutigny, IN2P3, France Federico Carminati, CERN, Switzerland Marco Cattaneo, CERN, Switzerland Gang Chen, Institute of High Energy Physics, China Peter Clarke, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom Sridhara Dasu, University of
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Halavanau, A.; Piot, P.
2015-12-01
Cascaded Longitudinal Space Charge Amplifiers (LSCA) have been proposed as a mechanism to generate density modulation over a board spectral range. The scheme has been recently demonstrated in the optical regime and has confirmed the production of broadband optical radiation. In this paper we investigate, via numerical simulations, the performance of a cascaded LSCA beamline at the Fermilab Accelerator Science & Technology (FAST) facility to produce broadband ultraviolet radiation. Our studies are carried out using elegant with included tree-based grid-less space charge algorithm.
Shock-Bubble Heating of the Intracluster Medium
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Friedman, Samuel H.; Heinz, S.; Churazov, E.
2011-01-01
Active galactic nuclei (AGN) Feedback via extragalactic jets requires a thermalization of the energy injected into the intracluster medium (ICM) in order for energy feedback to occur. Heinz and Churazov (2005) proposed a method using shock waves and previously inflated bubbles in the ICM to extract energy from the shock waves and turn the energy into rotational kinetic energy. This energy would decay and allow heating to occur elsewhere throughout the galaxy cluster. In this paper, we extend to three dimensions (3D) the previous work using hydrodynamic simulations. We also compare our results to previous related work done performed experimentally.
PREFACE: International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 2010)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lin, Simon C.; Shen, Stella; Neufeld, Niko; Gutsche, Oliver; Cattaneo, Marco; Fisk, Ian; Panzer-Steindel, Bernd; Di Meglio, Alberto; Lokajicek, Milos
2011-12-01
& Genoa University/INFN, Switzerland Lothar Bauerdick, Fermilab, USA Ian Bird, CERN, Switzerland Amber Boehnlein, US Department of Energy, USA Kors Bos, CERN, Switzerland Federico Carminati, CERN, Switzerland Philippe Charpentier, CERN, Switzerland Gang Chen, Institute of High Energy Physics, China Peter Clarke, University of Edinburgh, UK Michael Ernst, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA David Foster, CERN, Switzerland Merino Gonzalo, CIEMAT, Spain John Gordon, STFC-RAL, UK Volker Guelzow, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany John Harvey, CERN, Switzerland Frederic Hemmer, CERN, Switzerland Hafeez Hoorani, NCP, Pakistan Viatcheslav Ilyin, Moscow State University, Russia Matthias Kasemann, DESY, Germany Nobuhiko Katayama, KEK, Japan Milos Lokajícek, FZU Prague, Czech Republic David Malon, ANL, USA Pere Mato Vila, CERN, Switzerland Mirco Mazzucato, INFN CNAF, Italy Richard Mount, SLAC, USA Harvey Newman, Caltech, USA Mitsuaki Nozaki, KEK, Japan Farid Ould-Saada, University of Oslo, Norway Ruth Pordes, Fermilab, USA Hiroshi Sakamoto, The University of Tokyo, Japan Alberto Santoro, UERJ, Brazil Jim Shank, Boston University, USA Alan Silverman, CERN, Switzerland Randy Sobie , University of Victoria, Canada Dongchul Son, Kyungpook National University, South Korea Reda Tafirout , TRIUMF, Canada Victoria White, Fermilab, USA Guy Wormser, LAL, France Frank Wuerthwein, UCSD, USA Charles Young, SLAC, USA
Dimuon production by neutrinos in the Fermilab 15-ft bubble chamber at the Tevatron
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jain, V.; Harris, F. A.; Aderholz, M.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Akbari, H.; Allport, P. P.; Baba, P. V.; Badyal, S. K.; Barth, M.; Baton, J. P.; Bingham, H. H.; Brucker, E. B.; Burnstein, R. A.; Campbell, J. R.; Cence, R. J.; Chatterjee, T. K.; Clayton, E. F.; Corrigan, G.; Coutures, C.; Deprospo, D.; Devanand; de Wolf, E.; Faulkner, P. J.; Fretter, W. B.; Gupta, V. K.; Guy, J.; Hanlon, J.; Harigel, G. G.; Jabiol, M. A.; Jacques, P.; Jones, G. T.; Jones, M. D.; Kafka, T.; Kalelkar, M.; Kasper, P.; Kaul, G. L.; Kaur, M.; Kohli, J. M.; Koller, E. L.; Krawiec, R. J.; Lauko, M.; Lys, J.; Marage, P.; Milburn, R. H.; Miller, D. B.; Mittra, I. S.; Mobayyen, M. M.; Moreels, J.; Morrison, D. R.; Myatt, G.; Nailor, P.; Naon, R.; Napier, A.; Neveu, M.; Passmore, D.; Peters, M. W.; Peterson, V. Z.; Plano, R.; Rao, N. K.; Rubin, H. A.; Sacton, J.; Saitta, B.; Schmid, P.; Schmitz, N.; Schneps, J.; Sekulin, R.; Sewell, S.; Singh, J. B.; Sood, P. M.; Smart, W.; Stamer, P.; Varvell, K. E.; Venus, W.; Verluyten, L.; Voyvodic, L.; Wachsmuth, H.; Wainstein, S.; Willocq, S.; Yost, G. P.
1990-04-01
The Fermilab 15-ft bubble chamber has been exposed to a quadrupole triplet neutrino beam produced at the Tevatron. The ratio of ν to ν¯ in the beam is approximately 2.5. The mean event energy for ν-induced charged-current events is 150 GeV, and for ν¯-induced charged-current events it is 110 GeV. A total of 64 dimuon candidates (1 μ+μ+, 52 μ-μ+ and μ+μ-, and 11 μ-μ-) is observed in the data sample of approximately 13 300 charged-current events. The number and properties of the μ-μ- and μ+μ+ candidates are consistent with their being produced by background processes, the important sources being π and K decay and punchthrough. The 90%-C.L. upper limit for μ-μ-/μ- for muon momenta above 4 GeV/c is 1.2×10-3, and for momenta above 9 GeV/c this limit is 1.1×10-3. The opposite-sign-dimuon-to-single-muon ratio is (0.62+/-0.13)% for muon momenta above 4 GeV/c. There are eight neutral strange particles in the opposite-sign sample, leading to a rate per dimuon event of 0.65+/-0.29. The opposite-sign-dimuon sample is consistent with the hypothesis of charm production and decay.
Review of total cross sections and forward scattering parameters at ultra-high energies
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Block, M. M.; White, A. R.
1991-10-01
We review the field of the elastic scattering of pp and (bar p)p at the ultra-high energies. The recent total cross section, sigma (sub tot), and rho-value results from the Fermilab Tevatron Collider experiments presented at the 4th 'Blois' Workshop on Elastic and Diffractive Scattering (Elba, Italy, in May, 1991), allow us a comprehensive overview of the field.
New Fast Kicker Results from the Muon g-2 E-989 Experiment at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Schreckenberger, A. P.; Chapelain, A.; Mikhailichenko, A. A.
We describe the installation, commissioning, and char-acterization of the injection kicker system for the E-989 experiment at Fermilab for a precision measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment. Control and monitoring systems have been implemented to acquire and record the waveforms of each kicker pulse, and measurements of various kicker system observables were recorded in the presence of the 1.45 T g-2 storage ring magnetic field. These monitoring systems are necessary to understand the systematic contribution to the measure-ment of the precession frequency. We examine the dependence of muon capture to kicker field predictions.
The Fermilab Accelerator control system
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bogert, Dixon
1986-06-01
With the advent of the Tevatron, considerable upgrades have been made to the controls of all the Fermilab Accelerators. The current system is based on making as large an amount of data as possible available to many operators or end-users. Specifically there are about 100 000 separate readings, settings, and status and control registers in the various machines, all of which can be accessed by seventeen consoles, some in the Main Control Room and others distributed throughout the complex. A "Host" computer network of approximately eighteen PDP-11/34's, seven PDP-11/44's, and three VAX-11/785's supports a distributed data acquisition system including Lockheed MAC-16's left from the original Main Ring and Booster instrumentation and upwards of 1000 Z80, Z8002, and M68000 microprocessors in dozens of configurations. Interaction of the various parts of the system is via a central data base stored on the disk of one of the VAXes. The primary computer-hardware communication is via CAMAC for the new Tevatron and Antiproton Source; certain subsystems, among them vacuum, refrigeration, and quench protection, reside in the distributed microprocessors and communicate via GAS, an in-house protocol. An important hardware feature is an accurate clock system making a large number of encoded "events" in the accelerator supercycle available for both hardware modules and computers. System software features include the ability to save the current state of the machine or any subsystem and later restore it or compare it with the state at another time, a general logging facility to keep track of specific variables over long periods of time, detection of "exception conditions" and the posting of alarms, and a central filesharing capability in which files on VAX disks are available for access by any of the "Host" processors.
Medium-induced gluon radiation and colour decoherence beyond the soft approximation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Apolinário, Liliana; Armesto, Néstor; Milhano, José Guilherme; Salgado, Carlos A.
2015-02-01
We derive the in-medium gluon radiation spectrum off a quark within the path integral formalism at finite energies, including all next-to-eikonal corrections in the propagators of quarks and gluons. Results are computed for finite formation times, including interference with vacuum amplitudes. By rewriting the medium averages in a convenient manner we present the spectrum in terms of dipole cross sections and a colour decoherence parameter with the same physical origin as that found in previous studies of the antenna radiation. This factorisation allows us to present a simple physical picture of the medium-induced radiation for any value of the formation time, that is of interest for a probabilistic implementation of the modified parton shower. Known results are recovered for the particular cases of soft radiation and eikonal quark and for the case of a very long medium, with length much larger than the average formation times for medium-induced radiation. Technical details of the computation of the relevant n-point functions in colour space and of the required path integrals in transverse space are provided. The final result completes the calculation of all finite energy corrections for the radiation off a quark in a QCD medium that exist in the small angle approximation and for a recoilless medium.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Spentzouris, Panagiotis; Amundson, J.; /Fermilab
2005-01-01
During the past year, the Fermilab Booster has been pushed to record intensities in order to satisfy the needs of the Tevatron collider and neutrino programs. This high intensity makes the study of space-charge effects and halo formation highly relevant to optimizing Booster performance. We present measurements of beam width evolution, halo formation, and coherent tune shifts, emphasizing the experimental techniques used and the calibration of the measuring devices. We also use simulations utilizing the 3D space-charge code Synergia to study the physical origins of these effects.
Erickson recently made his recording debut with the band writing and singing two songs. Tickets are $39 for . Students and faculty involved in NIU's High Energy Physics program, which conducts research on the most semester. "It's fun to play a part in discovering new physics." This fall, NIU's High Energy
Digital Low Level RF Systems for Fermilab Main Ring and Tevatron
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chase, B.; Barnes, B.; Meisner, K.
1997-05-01
At Fermilab, a new Low Level RF system is successfully installed and operating in the Main Ring. Installation is proceeding for a Tevatron system. This upgrade replaces aging CAMAC/NIM components for an increase in accuracy, reliability, and flexibility. These VXI systems are based on a custom three channel direct digital synthesizer(DDS) module. Each synthesizer channel is capable of independent or ganged operation for both frequency and phase modulation. New frequency and phase values are computed at a 100kHz rate on the module's Analog Devices ADSP21062 (SHARC) digital signal processor. The DSP concurrently handles feedforward, feedback, and beam manipulations. Higher level state machines and the control system interface are handled at the crate level using the VxWorks operating system. This paper discusses the hardware, software and operational aspects of these LLRF systems.
Energy metabolism of medium-chain triglycerides versus carbohydrates during exercise.
Décombaz, J; Arnaud, M J; Milon, H; Moesch, H; Philippossian, G; Thélin, A L; Howald, H
1983-01-01
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) are known to be rapidly digested and oxidized. Their potential value as a source of dietary energy during exercise was compared with that of maltodextrins (MD). Twelve subjects exercised for 1 h on a bicycle ergometer (60% VO2 max), 1 h after the test meal (1MJ). The metabolism of MCT was followed using 1-13C-octanoate (Oc) as tracer and U-13C-glucose (G) was added to the 13C-naturally enriched MD. After MCT ingestion no insulin peak was observed with some accumulation of ketone bodies (KB), blood levels not exceeding 1 mM. Total losses of KB during exercise in urine, sweat and as breath acetone were small (less than 0.2 mmol X h-1). Hence, the influence of KB loss and storage on gas exchange data was negligible. The partition of fat and carbohydrate utilization during exercise as obtained by indirect calorimetry was practically the same after the MCT and the CHO meals. Oxidation over the 2-h period was 30% of dose for Oc and 45% for G. Glycogen decrements in the Vastus lateralis muscle were equal. It appears that with normal carbohydrate stores, a single meal of MCT or CHO did not alter the contribution of carbohydrates during 1 h of high submaximal exercise. The moderate ketonemia after MCT, despite substantial oxidation of this fat, led to no difference in muscle glycogen sparing between the diets.
FPGA-based Trigger System for the Fermilab SeaQuest Experimentz
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Shiu, Shiuan-Hal; Wu, Jinyuan; McClellan, Randall Evan
The SeaQuest experiment (Fermilab E906) detects pairs of energetic μ + and μ -produced in 120 GeV/c proton–nucleon interactions in a high rate environment. The trigger system we used consists of several arrays of scintillator hodoscopes and a set of field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based VMEbus modules. Signals from up to 96 channels of hodoscope are digitized by each FPGA with a 1-ns resolution using the time-to-digital convertor (TDC) firmware. The delay of the TDC output can be adjusted channel-by-channel in 1-ns step and then re-aligned with the beam RF clock. The hit pattern on the hodoscope planes is thenmore » examined against pre-determined trigger matrices to identify candidate muon tracks. Finally, information on the candidate tracks is sent to the 2nd-level FPGA-based track correlator to find candidate di-muon events. The design and implementation of the FPGA-based trigger system for SeaQuest experiment are presented.« less
FPGA-based trigger system for the Fermilab SeaQuest experimentz
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Shiu, Shiuan-Hal; Wu, Jinyuan; McClellan, Randall Evan; Chang, Ting-Hua; Chang, Wen-Chen; Chen, Yen-Chu; Gilman, Ron; Nakano, Kenichi; Peng, Jen-Chieh; Wang, Su-Yin
2015-12-01
The SeaQuest experiment (Fermilab E906) detects pairs of energetic μ+ and μ- produced in 120 GeV/c proton-nucleon interactions in a high rate environment. The trigger system consists of several arrays of scintillator hodoscopes and a set of field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based VMEbus modules. Signals from up to 96 channels of hodoscope are digitized by each FPGA with a 1-ns resolution using the time-to-digital convertor (TDC) firmware. The delay of the TDC output can be adjusted channel-by-channel in 1-ns step and then re-aligned with the beam RF clock. The hit pattern on the hodoscope planes is then examined against pre-determined trigger matrices to identify candidate muon tracks. Information on the candidate tracks is sent to the 2nd-level FPGA-based track correlator to find candidate di-muon events. The design and implementation of the FPGA-based trigger system for SeaQuest experiment are presented.
The pixel tracking telescope at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility
Kwan, Simon; Lei, CM; Menasce, Dario; ...
2016-03-01
An all silicon pixel telescope has been assembled and used at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility (FTBF) since 2009 to provide precise tracking information for different test beam experiments with a wide range of Detectors Under Test (DUTs) requiring high resolution measurement of the track impact point. The telescope is based on CMS pixel modules left over from the CMS forward pixel production. Eight planes are arranged to achieve a resolution of less than 8 μm on the 120 GeV proton beam transverse coordinate at the DUT position. In order to achieve such resolution with 100 × 150 μm 2more » pixel cells, the planes were tilted to 25 degrees to maximize charge sharing between pixels. Crucial for obtaining this performance is the alignment software, called Monicelli, specifically designed and optimized for this system. This paper will describe the telescope hardware, the data acquisition system and the alignment software constituting this particle tracking system for test beam users.« less
FPGA-based Trigger System for the Fermilab SeaQuest Experimentz
Shiu, Shiuan-Hal; Wu, Jinyuan; McClellan, Randall Evan; ...
2015-09-10
The SeaQuest experiment (Fermilab E906) detects pairs of energetic μ + and μ -produced in 120 GeV/c proton–nucleon interactions in a high rate environment. The trigger system we used consists of several arrays of scintillator hodoscopes and a set of field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based VMEbus modules. Signals from up to 96 channels of hodoscope are digitized by each FPGA with a 1-ns resolution using the time-to-digital convertor (TDC) firmware. The delay of the TDC output can be adjusted channel-by-channel in 1-ns step and then re-aligned with the beam RF clock. The hit pattern on the hodoscope planes is thenmore » examined against pre-determined trigger matrices to identify candidate muon tracks. Finally, information on the candidate tracks is sent to the 2nd-level FPGA-based track correlator to find candidate di-muon events. The design and implementation of the FPGA-based trigger system for SeaQuest experiment are presented.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Zorn, Carl John
Evidence for the Amore » $$+\\atop{c}$$ charmed baryon has been found in experiment E516 at the Tagged Photon Spectrometer in Fermilab. The experiment studied high energy IP interactions for photon energies in the range of 40-160 GeV by utilizing a large acceptance spectrometer system to study the forward reaction products and a unique, sophisticated recoil chamber to study the target fragments.« less
Birefringence in a chiral medium, via temporal cloaking
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Khan, Humayun; Haneef, Muhammad
2017-05-01
This paper reports theoretical investigation of birefringence in a chiral medium for the creation of temporal cloaking. The chiral medium splits the input probe beam into left/right circular polarized beams. These left/right circular polarized beams are then controlled and modified within the chiral medium. The left circular polarized beam delays by 24 ns whereas the right circular polarized beam advances by -23 ns at a control field of rabbi frequency 6γ . This opens a 47 ns time gap for temporal cloaking to hide information without noise corruption and energy loss. The results have potential applications in communication devices for secure propagation of light pulse.
In-Medium Parton Branching Beyond Eikonal Approximation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Apolinário, Liliana
2017-03-01
The description of the in-medium modifications of partonic showers has been at the forefront of current theoretical and experimental efforts in heavy-ion collisions. It provides a unique laboratory to extend our knowledge frontier of the theory of the strong interactions, and to assess the properties of the hot and dense medium (QGP) that is produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC. The theory of jet quenching, a commonly used alias for the modifications of the parton branching resulting from the interactions with the QGP, has been significantly developed over the last years. Within a weak coupling approach, several elementary processes that build up the parton shower evolution, such as single gluon emissions, interference effects between successive emissions and corrections to radiative energy loss of massive quarks, have been addressed both at eikonal accuracy and beyond by taking into account the Brownian motion that high-energy particles experience when traversing a hot and dense medium. In this work, by using the setup of single gluon emission from a color correlated quark-antiquark pair in a singlet state (qbar{q} antenna), we calculate the in-medium gluon radiation spectrum beyond the eikonal approximation. The results show that we are able to factorize broadening effects from the modifications of the radiation process itself. This constitutes the final proof that a probabilistic picture of the parton shower evolution holds even in the presence of a QGP.
Parallel Computing:. Some Activities in High Energy Physics
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Willers, Ian
This paper examines some activities in High Energy Physics that utilise parallel computing. The topic includes all computing from the proposed SIMD front end detectors, the farming applications, high-powered RISC processors and the large machines in the computer centers. We start by looking at the motivation behind using parallelism for general purpose computing. The developments around farming are then described from its simplest form to the more complex system in Fermilab. Finally, there is a list of some developments that are happening close to the experiments.
Coal char oxidation kinetics in air medium
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Slyusarskiy, K. V.; Jankovskiy, S. A.; Korotkikh, A. G.; Sorokin, I. V.
2017-01-01
Research on oxidation in air medium process of three different coal chars with various carbon content was presented. The anthracite, T-grade bituminous coal and 2B-grade lignite char powders with particle size less than 80 µm were studied. The coal char oxidation was studied by isothermal method using coupled TG-DSC analyzer Netzsch STA 449 Jupiter F3 in the temperature range 1000-1200 °C. Experiments were carried out at ambient pressure. Volumetric flow rate of oxidation medium into analyzer chamber was 250 ml/min and consisted of oxygen and argon with volumetric ratio 24:1. Based on experimental data, the average rate of carbon oxidation reaction values were defined at each temperature. Kinetic constants (frequency factor and activation energy) of reaction were defined as well via 1st order Arrhenius equation. Activation energy values are in good agreement with the data presented in the literature. Activation energy values for anthracite char are 1.6-1.7 times higher than those for bituminous coal and lignite chars, respectively.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Carelli, F.; Gianturco, F. A.
2011-12-01
Free, gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are understood to play an important role in the interstellar medium (ISM), as they are thought to significantly contribute to both diffused and unidentified infrared interstellar bands. They are also considered fundamental blocks of the interstellar dust, whose nature has important implications for a plethora of physical and chemical nanoscopic processes within the ISM. Since free electrons represent a versatile alternative way to transport energy in the interstellar space, in this paper we compute from quantum scattering methods the angular redistributions of free electrons by gas-phase coronene molecules, the latter of which are believed to be one of the most representative PAHs, in order to assess their role in describing the efficiency of electron deflection by this molecule. The associated rates can provide useful information about the coupling mechanism between external radio-frequency fields and complex molecular plasmas containing neutral and ionized PAHs. They can also yield information on the possible presence of such species in the dust phase of the medium.
Thermal energy storage devices, systems, and thermal energy storage device monitoring methods
Tugurlan, Maria; Tuffner, Francis K; Chassin, David P.
2016-09-13
Thermal energy storage devices, systems, and thermal energy storage device monitoring methods are described. According to one aspect, a thermal energy storage device includes a reservoir configured to hold a thermal energy storage medium, a temperature control system configured to adjust a temperature of the thermal energy storage medium, and a state observation system configured to provide information regarding an energy state of the thermal energy storage device at a plurality of different moments in time.
Groomed jets in heavy-ion collisions: sensitivity to medium-induced bremsstrahlung
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mehtar-Tani, Yacine; Tywoniuk, Konrad
2017-04-01
We argue that contemporary jet substructure techniques might facilitate a more direct measurement of hard medium-induced gluon bremsstrahlung in heavy-ion collisions, and focus specifically on the "soft drop declustering" procedure that singles out the two leading jet substructures. Assuming coherent jet energy loss, we find an enhancement of the distribution of the energy fractions shared by the two substructures at small subjet energy caused by hard medium-induced gluon radiation. Departures from this approximation are discussed, in particular, the effects of colour decoherence and the contamination of the grooming procedure by soft background. Finally, we propose a complementary observable, that is the ratio of the two-pronged probability in Pb-Pb to proton-proton collisions and discuss its sensitivity to various energy loss mechanisms.
FIFE-Jobsub: a grid submission system for intensity frontier experiments at Fermilab
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Box, Dennis
2014-06-01
The Fermilab Intensity Frontier Experiments use an integrated submission system known as FIFE-jobsub, part of the FIFE (Fabric for Frontier Experiments) initiative, to submit batch jobs to the Open Science Grid. FIFE-jobsub eases the burden on experimenters by integrating data transfer and site selection details in an easy to use and well-documented format. FIFE-jobsub automates tedious details of maintaining grid proxies for the lifetime of the grid job. Data transfer is handled using the Intensity Frontier Data Handling Client (IFDHC) [1] tool suite, which facilitates selecting the appropriate data transfer method from many possibilities while protecting shared resources from overload. Chaining of job dependencies into Directed Acyclic Graphs (Condor DAGS) is well supported and made easier through the use of input flags and parameters.
FIFE-Jobsub: a grid submission system for intensity frontier experiments at Fermilab
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Box, Dennis
2014-01-01
The Fermilab Intensity Frontier Experiments use an integrated submission system known as FIFE-jobsub, part of the FIFE (Fabric for Frontier Experiments) initiative, to submit batch jobs to the Open Science Grid. FIFE-jobsub eases the burden on experimenters by integrating data transfer and site selection details in an easy to use and well-documented format. FIFE-jobsub automates tedious details of maintaining grid proxies for the lifetime of the grid job. Data transfer is handled using the Intensity Frontier Data Handling Client (IFDHC) [1] tool suite, which facilitates selecting the appropriate data transfer method from many possibilities while protecting shared resources from overload.more » Chaining of job dependencies into Directed Acyclic Graphs (Condor DAGS) is well supported and made easier through the use of input flags and parameters.« less
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Caputo, Regina; Meyer, Manuel; Sánchez-Conde, Miguel; AMEGO
2018-01-01
The era of precision cosmology has revealed that ~80% of the matter in the universe is dark matter. Two leading candidates, motivated by both particle and astrophysics, are Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) and Weakly Interacting Sub-eV Particles (WISPs) like axions and axionlike particles. Both WIMPs and WISPs have distinct gamma-ray signatures. Data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) continues to be an integral part of the search for these dark matter signatures spanning the 50 MeV to >300 GeV energy range in a variety of astrophysical targets. Thus far, there are no conclusive detections; however, there is an intriguing excess of gamma rays associated with Galactic center (GCE) that could be explained with WIMP annihilation. The angular resolution of the LAT at lower energies makes source selection challenging and the true nature of the detected signal remains unknown. WISP searches using, e.g. supernova explosions, spectra of blazars, or strongly magnetized environments, would also greatly benefit from increased angular and energy resolution, as well as from polarization measurements. To address these, we are developing AMEGO, the All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory. This instrument has a projected energy and angular resolution that will increase sensitivity by a factor of 20-50 over previous instruments. This will allow us to explore new areas of dark matter parameter space and provide unprecedented access to its particle nature.
Industrial Assessment Center Helps Boost Efficiency for Small and Medium Manufacturers
Johnson, Mark; Friedman, David
2018-06-12
The Industrial Assessment Center program helps small and medium manufacturers boost efficiency and save energy. It pairs companies with universities as students perform energy assessments and provide recommendations to improve their facilities.
Industrial Assessment Center Helps Boost Efficiency for Small and Medium Manufacturers
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Johnson, Mark; Friedman, David
The Industrial Assessment Center program helps small and medium manufacturers boost efficiency and save energy. It pairs companies with universities as students perform energy assessments and provide recommendations to improve their facilities.
Mu2e, a coherent μ --> e conversion experiment at Fermilab
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Brown, D. N.; Mu2e Collaboration
2012-09-01
We describe a proposed experiment to search for Charged Lepton Flavor Violation (CLFV) using stopped muons at Fermilab. A primary Proton beam will strike a gold target, producing pions which decay to muons. Low-momentum negative muons will be collected, selected, and transported by a custom arrangement of solenoidal magnets and collimators. Muons will stop in thin foil targets, creating muonic atoms with significant nuclear overlap. Mu2e will search for the coherent conversion of nuclear bound muons to electrons, with an experimental signature of a single mono-energetic electron. Conversion electrons will be detected and measured in a low-mass straw tracker and a crystal calorimeter. Mu2e will have a sensitivity four orders of magnitude better than the most sensitive published result for μ → e conversion, and will have complementary physics reach to LHC experiments and μ → eγ decay experiments such as MEG.
Strain relaxation of CdTe on Ge studied by medium energy ion scattering
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Pillet, J. C.; Pierre, F.; Jalabert, D.
2016-10-01
We have used the medium energy ion scattering (MEIS) technique to assess the strain relaxation in molecular-beam epitaxial (MBE) grown CdTe (2 1 1)/Ge (2 1 1) system. A previous X-ray diffraction study, on 10 samples of the same heterostructure having thicknesses ranging from 25 nm to 10 μm has allowed the measurement of the strain relaxation on a large scale. However, the X-ray diffraction measurements cannot achieve a stress measurement in close proximity to the CdTe/Ge interface at the nanometer scale. Due to the huge lattice misfit between the CdTe and Ge, a high degree of disorder is expected at the interface. The MEIS in channeling mode is a good alternative in order to profile defects with a high depth resolution. For a 21 nm thick CdTe layer, we observed, at the interface, a high density of Cd and/or Te atoms moved from their expected crystallographic positions followed by a rapid recombination of defects. Strain relaxation mechanisms in the vicinity of the interface are discussed
Extraction of In-Medium Nucleon-Nucleon Amplitude From Experiment
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Tripathi, R. K.; Cucinotta, Francis A.; Wilson, John W.
1998-01-01
The in-medium nucleon-nucleon amplitudes are extracted from the available proton-nucleus total reaction cross sections data. The retrieval of the information from the experiment makes the estimate of reaction cross sections very reliable. Simple expressions are given for the in-medium nucleon-nucleon amplitudes for any system of colliding nuclei as a function of energy. Excellent agreement with experimental observations is demonstrated in the ion-nucleus interactions.
Deformation of a geo-medium with considering for internal self-balancing stresses
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lavrikov, S. V.; Revuzhenko, A. F.
2016-11-01
Based on the general concept of rock as a medium with inner sources and sinks of energy, the authors consider an approach to mathematical modeling of a geo-medium with account for internal self-balancing stresses. The description of stresses and strains at the level of microstructural elements and macrovolume of the medium uses methods of non-Archimedean analysis. The model allows describing the accumulation of elastic energy in the form of internal self-balancing stresses. A finite element algorithm and a software program for solving plane boundary-value problems have been developed. The calculated data on rock specimen compression are given. It is shown that the behavior of plastic deformation zones depends on the pre-assigned initial microstresses.
Status of the Perpendicular Biased 2nd Harmonic Cavity for the Fermilab Booster
Tan, C. Y.; Dey, J. E.; Duel, K. L.; ...
2017-05-01
This is a status report on the 2nd harmonic cavity for the Fermilab Booster as part of the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) for increasing beam transmission efficiency, and thus reducing losses. A set of tuner rings has been procured and is undergoing quality control tests. The Y567 tube for driving the cavity has been successfully tested at both injection and extraction frequencies. A cooling scheme for the tuner and cavity has been developed after a thorough thermal analysis of the system. RF windows have been procured and substantial progress has been made on the mechanical designs of the cavity andmore » the bias solenoid. Finally, the goal is to have a prototype cavity ready for testing by the end of 2017.« less